专题05 阅读理解之说明文15篇-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末真题分类汇编（人教版2019）

专题05 阅读理解之说明文15篇 题号 主题 难度 话题 1 人与自我 较易 个人保健,科普知识 2 人与自我 适中 方法/策略 3 人与自我 较易 商品 ,发明与创造 4 人与自我 较易 购物选择,社会问题与社会现象 5 人与自我 适中 科普知识 ,方法/策略 6 人与社会 适中 科普知识 7 人与社会 适中 科普知识 8 人与社会 适中 动物,科普知识 9 人与社会 适中 周边环境与场所,科普知识 10 人与社会 适中 信息技术 ,社会问题与社会现象 11 人与自然 适中 动物,科普知识 12 人与自然 适中 发明与创造 ,环境保护 13 人与自然 适中 动物,科普知识 14 人与自然 较易 环境保护 15 人与自然 适中 环境保护 说明文之人与自我 （23-24高一下·江苏扬州·期末）Short-sightedness is thought to affect around one in three people in the UK. The World Health Organisation predicts that about half of the world’s population will have myopia, or shortsightedness, by 2050. Generally a childhood phenomenon, myopia happens when the eyeball grows too long from front to back, making it more oval-shaped (椭圆) than round, thus unable to see faraway things clearly. While our first reaction is to blame the increased use of screens, experts believe the real reason is not that, exactly, but it’s related: less time spent outdoors. Natural light is essential for healthy eye development, says Schwartz. Access to natural light stimulates dopamine (多巴胺), which helps normal growth and development of the eyeball. Indoor lighting doesn’t do the trick. Ideally, kids should get at least two hours of natural light a day. That said, our increased use of screens is a problem. Most screens are high contrast—like black text on a white page, or light text on a dark background, says Schwartz. A 2018 study in Scientific Records found that looking at black text on white backgrounds compared to natural environments could lead to myopia. Close work, like reading and looking closely at screens, has also been shown to cause myopia. Most people’s eyesight settles in their teens, but some people get nearsighted later in life. Poor eyesight isn’t the only downside; people with myopia are at a higher risk of developing eye issues as they age. That’s why regular eye examinations are important. Researchers are working on ways to slow down rising myopia rates. A clinical trial at Ohio State University found that eye-drops with a low dose of atropine (阿托品) can slow myopia in kids. There’s also some early evidence that a type of contact lens (隐形 眼镜) called Peripheral Defocus lenses might stop nearsightedness from worsening. You can also reduce eye tiredness by making a few simple lifestyle changes, such as reading or working in good light, choosing non-glare screens for your computer or TV and taking frequent breaks. 1．What happens to the eyeball when one gets short-sighted? A．The eyeball becomes rounder in shape. B．The eyeball turns unclear and cloudy. C．The eyeball shortens from front to back. D．The eyeball becomes more oval-shaped. 2．What is the main cause of myopia according to experts? A．Increased use of screens. B．Reduced activities in the open air. C．Access to indoor lighting. D．Reading on contrast screens. 3．What is the significance of natural light to eye development? A．It causes production of a chemical to help eyeball’s normal growth. B．It helps to relax your eyes by providing a break from screens. C．It increases the contrast on screens, making them easier to read. D．It is essential for seeing black text on a white background clearly. 4．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to slow down rising myopia rates? A．Low-dose atropine eye-drops. B．Peripheral Defocus lenses. C．Regular eye examinations. D．Forming healthy eye habits. （23-24高一下·天津和平·期末）We live in a judgmental world where people are quick to point out the faults and imperfections of others yet seem unaware of their own. Some misguided people believe they have a natural duty to help you to be a better person by telling you what a failure you really are first and then offering suggestions as to how you can improve. So what is the solution to criticism? If you are the one forcing others to feel ashamed of themselves, STOP. Make a conscious decision that rather than focus on the negative aspect of a person’s performance or attitudes, you’ll offer helpful suggestions from the beginning. If I’m painting our living room and making a mess in doing so, I would like my husband to say to me, “This is a tough job. Can I offer a suggestion that might make it easier for you?” rather than having him point’ out what a careless painter. I am and then tell me how I should be doing it. If you are on the receiving end of criticism, the “OK” response is a perfect solution. When someone comments negatively on a task you are doing or a personality issue, a natural response is to defend and attack. However, this approach is rarely effective as it puts both parties on the defensive. Instead, simply reply with “OK”. This brief one-word response acknowledges the other person’s comment without agreeing with it or feeling necessary to engage in a debate about it. It is important to remain emotionally attached to what the other person is saying, to listen without feeling, to be an objective observer. There is much that one can learn from a negative review. You can ask yourself: Did I make a mistake? Could I have done better? Did I give 100% of myself to the task at hand? If so, how can I improve? As for chronic (习惯性的) criticizers: It is important to set strict boundaries (界限) with them. Remove yourself from their presence when necessary. In any event, one can learn to be “OK” with criticism and not allow it to negatively impact their life or relationship with the other party. Examine it for any potential truths, and then ‘ let it go and just be “OK”. 1．What does the author want to show by using the example of painting? A．Nobody is perfect. B．The art of criticizing. C．The value of suggestions. D．The harm of criticizing. 2．What is the best way to respond when you are criticized by a person? A．Simply say “Thank you”. B．Defend yourself. C．Ignore the comment. D．Just say “OK”. 3．You are told to ask yourself some questions in Paragraph 4 so as to . A．better present negative reviews. B．learn from others’ mistakes C．take criticism objectively D．have more confidence in yourself 4．How should you treat people who always criticize others according to the author’s advice? A．Attack them sharply. B．Talk to them politely. C．Stay away from them. D．Be open to their suggestions. （23-24高一下·湖北武汉·期末）Parents may worry that their children aren’t getting enough quality sleep. However, now there’s a smart bed to provide adults with sleep data by a smart app. The SleepIQbed can send a signal of attention to parents when their children are asleep, as well as if they are risking out of bed. If a child is tossing and turning (辗转反侧) , it can also be adjusted to make it more comfortable. The bed was first introduced at the International Consumer, Electronics Show (CES) . It claims to be the only one in the world, which adjusts with children as they grow. Children don’t need to wear a smart-band or alternative wearable device in bed. Instead, the quality of their sleep is measured by sensors in the bed, which monitor their present, average breathing rate, heart rate and movement. Then it assesses quality of sleep. They are given a SleepIQ score for each night’s sleep. Using an accompanying app, parents can see it clearly. It also allows parents to monitor routines (常规) that affect sleep, such as exercise, caffeine and screen time, helping them to develop a routine that helps develop a good night’s shut-eye. The bed sends a signal to the app when it senses a child is out of bed or is restless, such as if he is having a nightmare (噩梦). Its firmness can be adjusted to change the level of comfort and support to suit children as they grow. A “head tilt (倾斜)” feature for reading is built in, and parents can remotely turn a light out after reading time using the app. There are also fun features such as a “monster scanner”, which uses a mobile phone to check for and fight monsters under the bed. What’s more, an automatic light will guide children, if they need to get up in the middle of the night. The bed is available online and at Sleep Number stores in the US from around $ 499, almost the same as the beds we are sleeping on. 1．What effect does the SleepIQbed have on children? A．Their sleep quality will be improved. B．Their sports performance will be improved. C．Their health condition will be improved greatly. D．They no longer need to get up in the middle of the night. 2．What can be learned from the text? A．The SleepIQbed is the best bed around the world. B．Children will never fall out of the SleepIQ bed. C．The smart bed is as cheap as an ordinary one. D．Another smart bed is needed with children growing older. 3．What can be inferred from having the SleepIQ bed? A．Children won’t have a nightmare. B．Parents can be free from some worries. C．Children had better not read on the bed. D．Parents don’t need to care for children any more at night. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．How to get a good sleep. B．How parents take care of children. C．The smart bed helping sleep better. D．Risks that children face when sleeping. （23-24高一下·浙江宁波·期末）Have you ever wondered about the universal layout (布局) of supermarkets? Smart designers are behind it, subtly tempting you to walk through each aisle and fill your shopping cart without even realizing it. Grocery store design is a carefully crafted art from both psychological and marketing standpoints, according to Reeves Connelly, who studied architectural design at the Pratt Institute. He explained there is a specific reason why fruit and vegetables are often located at the front of the store, “You’ll grab the fruits and vegetables first and then hopefully feel less guilty about buying junk food later on.” Meanwhile, essential items such as milk and eggs are placed at the back of the store to ensure customers walk through other aisles with many unhealthy options like snacks and sodas, potentially increasing the likelihood of impulse purchases. There’s also a reason why you often feel lost in local supermarkets. Shockingly, they move things around. Reeves explained, “They are very much aware that these strategies become less effective after you visit the store a few times and get a better sense of where everything is, so they’ll regularly move the products to different aisles to con fuse you. The practice is not limited to a specific store but is employed across various retail chains.” “Their little tricks always work on me,” one regular shopper admits, “I walk in to get three things and end up spending $300; that’s why I hate grocery shopping,” he said. On the other hand, some shoppers are proud to declare they have never fallen into the trap. “That’s why I always keep a shopping list on me,” another shopper shared. “I’ve started having my groceries delivered. If I have to go to the store, I never grab a trolley. If I can’t carry it, I’m not buying it,” he added. 1．What is the purpose of the supermarket layout? A．To show the designer’s wisdom. B．To save consumers’ shopping time. C．To increase non-essential purchases. D．To provide multiple goods for choice. 2．What would the store owner probably do to make more profits? A．Put the healthy food together. B．Distribute junk food in different areas. C．Place essential items before junk food. D．Rearrange products in supermarkets regularly. 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Most shoppers are trapped in marketing tricks. B．Shopping baskets are better than heavy trolleys. C．Making lists can be a smart act for impulse buying. D．Grocery delivery can help improve supermarket sales. 4．Where is this text most likely from? A．A business magazine. B．A psychology report. C．A research paper. D．A shopping guide. （23-24高一下·浙江湖州·期末）After hours of working, many people experience significant drops in energy and find themselves in desperate need of a recharge. But instead of grabbing a coffee, it may be more worthwhile to take a short sleep break known as a power nap. A power nap can “provide the refreshment you need if you’re struggling to stay alert or haven’t had a good night’s sleep,” explains Rebecca Robbins, a sleep scientist. A power nap “gives people the chance to rest for a short period of time to boost workplace productivity (生产率),”she says, but they are only beneficial when they are done correctly. How long should a power nap be? Sleep experts say that an effective power nap should only last 20-30 minutes to increase alertness throughout the day. According to James Maas, a former professor and chair of psychology at Cornell University who invented the term “power nap” more than 50 years ago, “It’s an opportunity to shut your eyes, breathe slowly and recharge.” For most people, 15 minutes should be enough to power through the rest of the work day. However, Maas warns that lengthier naps are counterproductive and even harmful. “Never nap for 60 minutes. If you power nap any time longer than 40 minutes, you’re going to wake up feeling very weak and tired for another hour or so.” Shelby Harris, a clinical psychologist, adds that the best time to take your power nap is between 1 p. m. and 3 p. m. , because napping any later in the day “can interfere with your sleep at night.” In contrast to coffee, which is likely to “damage your sleep at night and only offer short term energy for about 30 minutes,” Robbins says a power nap is a healthier alternative to improve workplace performance, strengthen memory and boost creativity. Harris adds naps have long-term health benefits too, such as improving your mood and aiding in stress management. “Power naps can reduce accidents and mistakes while also improving attention, alertness, concentration and performance. They can even be used effectively to fight sleepy driving when a short nap is taken just before getting behind the wheel,” she says. 1．What did James Maas suggest about a power nap? A．The best time to nap is from 1 p. m. to 3 p. m. B．The longer you nap, the more refreshed you’ll be. C．It’s better to be kept within 15 minutes. D．Napping too long does more harm than good. 2．Good power naps have the following benefits except __________. A．contributing to our refreshment. B．improving our memory and mood. C．disturbing your sleep at night. D．helping effectively manage stress. 3．How does the author develop the passage? A．By giving definitions. B．By making comparisons. C．By showing examples. D．By quoting from others. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Tips on Taking Power Naps B．Ways to Get You Refreshed C．The Benefits of a Power Nap D．Steps to Improve Your Sleep 说明文之人与社会 （23-24高一下·山东聊城·期末）I hate losses. Two months ago, I went crazy when I looked for the wallet I’d lost. Checking every pocket, I got increasingly anxious. The money, the credit cards, the driver’s license, and the social security card in my wallet kept flashing through my mind. Whoever found the wallet could steal my identity, run up huge expenses, and put me in financial danger! My heart was pounding. I felt so flustered that I didn’t go to work, not knowing what to do. Subsequently, I called the credit card companies and canceled my cards. Then I realized that I drove without a license, so I took time off to go to the registry to get a new one. That night, I couldn’t sleep. I had a pain in my chest. I thought I was having a heart attack. After a couple of hours of tests at the hospital, I was told that it was just an anxiety attack. Losing my wallet was no big deal; I just had to cancel the cards, get a new license, and buy a new wallet. I lost a few bills, but so what? However, I was deeply troubled by it. Frankly, we all hate losses. Daniel Kahneman, an Israeli psychologist, found that people are generally more afraid of losing things than they’re eager to gain. This phenomenon is called loss aversion (厌恶). In a typical study, when people were asked if they would rather get $500 for sure or a lottery ticket (彩票) with a 50-50 chance of winning $1000, they generally chose the former. But when they were asked if they would rather lose $500 for sure or get a lottery ticket that offers 50 percent chance of losing$1000, most people chose to take the risk. In both cases, the chances are the same but people’s choices are different. In fact, the emotions associated with loss formed a long time ago. Loss was always frightening and damaging for people then, and it’s still with us. Indeed, that’s why I blew the simple loss of a wallet out of proportion. 1．What happened to the author two months ago? A．He faced a financial crisis. B．He suffered a heart attack. C．He lost his wallet. D．He was blamed by his boss. 2．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “flustered” in paragraph 2? A．Embarrassed. B．Tired. C．Strange. D．Upset. 3．What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A．It is hard to win the lottery. B．People tend to lose less in order to get more later. C．It is worth taking risks to get a small fortune. D．People prefer avoiding losses to getting possible benefits. 4．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the story? A．To explain what loss aversion is. B．To complain about his misfortune in his life. C．To provide advice on protecting personal property. D．To persuade people to concentrate on their work. （23-24高一下·辽宁大连·期末）Victor Borge once wrote, “Laughter is the closest distance between two people.” Yet laughter isn’t always positive for relationships. Think of your friend laughing at your embarrassing mistake. This kind of unshared laughter can have the opposite effect. Now, a new study explores when laughter works as a social glue. While all genuine laughter may help us feel good, shared laughter may communicate to others that we have a similar worldview, which strengthens our relationships. Researchers at the University of North Carolina found a way to produce shared laughter to measure experimentally how it might impact a relationship with a stranger. Participants watched a funny, not-so-funny, or not-funny-at-all video while video-chatting with another same-sex participant. Unknown to them, the video chat displayed a pre-recorded clip (片段) of someone laughing the same amount for each of the two funny videos, but only smiling occasionally during the unfunny video. This produced more shared laughter in the first situation, less shared laughter in the second, and no shared laughter in the third. Afterwards, the participants then filled out questionnaires about their sense of similarity to their video partner, and how much they liked or wanted to get to know their video partner. Results showed that, across the different videos, the amount of shared laughter had consistent (一致的) effects on the participants’ sense of similarity to the video partner — and that this, in turn, increased how much participants liked their partner and wanted to affiliate with him or her. “For people who are laughing together, shared laughter signals that they see the world in the same way, and it momentarily improve their sense of connection,” says Sara Algoe, co-author of the study. How can we put these findings into practice? Algoe suggests that relationship partners may want to find opportunities to laugh together in order to boost closeness, especially before having difficult conversations. Likewise, shared laughter could be introduced into staff meetings to make people feel more on the same page and thus become more productive. 1．What is the finding of the experiment? A．Laughter creates distances. B．Laughter is a reliable social glue. C．Unshared laughter has negative effect. D．Shared laughter brings closeness. 2．What are the participants asked to do in the experiment? A．Record the reaction to the videos. B．Video chat with a same-sex stranger. C．Fill out questionnaires on the videos. D．Laugh the same amount each time. 3．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined phrase “affiliate with” in Paragraph 4? A．Connect with. B．Turn to. C．Agree with. D．Refer to. 4．In which situation is shared laughter probably used according to Algoe? A．During a court meeting. B．After seeing a doctor. C．Before solving conflicts. D．When taking an exam. （23-24高一下·辽宁鞍山·期末）Millions of monarch butterflies (黑脉金斑蝶) once covered the trees of California’s coastal areas each winter, but now their numbers are decreasing.The recent annual Western Monarch Count found that the butterfly population was down by 99 percent from populations 40 years ago. Monarch butterflies have two populations: eastern and western varieties separated by the Rocky Mountains. The populations are very similar in appearance, but western monarch butterflies are generally smaller and darker in color. The two also follow different migration patterns.Eastern monarch butterflies spend winter in Mexico, while western ones gather on central California coasts to wait out the cold. In early spring, the two leave their rest places and begin to travel eastward.By the time the butterflies reach the Central Valley, they breed (繁殖). A butterfly can lay hundreds of eggs in a few weeks, and the new generation continues the migration.The cycle of generations and migration repeats every few weeks through the summer until the butterflies move as far as Idaho. And when the weather turns cold and the days get shorter, the butterflies return to California’s coasts. The overwintering population was counted every year. The missing information is the time period when the butterflies leave their winter woods and begin to breed in February, March and April. “We just don’t know what they’re doing in that middle period and how we can better support the population,” said Washington State University biologist Cheryl Schultz. “Maybe they’re resting in the woods, or maybe they need more fuel along the way, etc. Any of those thing might help monarch butterflies get from the coastal overwintering sites to breeding sites broadly in the Central Valley,” Schultz added. To fill that gap, the researchers set up the Western Monarch Mystery Challenge. The ten­-week program asks the public to submit photographs of monarch butterflies outside of their winter range. “We couldn’t be looking for monarch butterflies right now without the involvement of the community. There just aren’t enough of us,” Schultz said. “Reaching out to the community means we might be able to learn something where there is virtually no other way to learn it.” 1．From Paragraph 1, we know monarch butterflies _______. A．are counted by researchers every decade B．are in a very difficult situation now C．have lost their home in California D．have moved to new places 2．What do the two varieties of monarch butterflies have in common? A．Their breeding places. B．Their appearance and size. C．Their way of fighting against cold. D．Their migration destination in winter. 3．Why was the Western Monarch Mystery Challenge set up? A．To know the exact number of monarch butterflies. B．To help monarch butterflies get through tough winters. C．To know better about monarch butterflies to help them. D．To find out the influence of human activities on monarch butterflies. 4．What do Schultz’s words in the last paragraph show? A．It’s challenging to make the community get involved. B．It’s important to get help from the public. C．It’s difficult to study monarch butterflies. D．It’s rewarding to learn from the public. （23-24高一下·山东日照·期末）Over the years, many scientists have attempted to explain why spending time in green spaces can reduce feelings of stress and anxiety, from their supposed ability to clean the air to their mysterious effects on our brains. The most common saying I tend to hear is that plants, particularly houseplants, clean the air. The latest research now suggests that in indoor spaces you would need a lot of them before you see any noticeable benefit. How many? Well, several hundred per square meter of living space to achieve the same benefit of simply opening a window. What we do know, however, is that there is something unusual about the color green that seems to affect how our brains function. Researchers investigating the effect of exercise on psychological well-being have found that seeing views of the natural world on screens had additional benefits over and above the workout alone. However, when they changed the screens to show the same views in black and white or in shades of red, the effect was markedly reduced compared to the original green. This may mean that having evergreen species in your garden or even something as simple as painting your fence green might contribute to its effect. Similarly, designing your garden to require higher maintenance (维护) so that it is not simply somewhere to sunbathe in summer may improve the beneficial effect by encouraging gentle workouts. Low-impact, prolonged exercise, such as gardening, can burn more calories (卡路里) than a hard-hitting gym session, despite feeling easier. It is a way of being active that may appeal to far more people. Gardening is also a classic form of practicing mindfulness, which can help to focus our thoughts on the here and now, distracting us from any worries or stresses. Mindfulness exercises are well-documented to have a positive impact on psychological well-being. So act now, embrace (接受) the power of greenery and turn your garden into a welcoming space. 1．Which factor determines houseplants’ effect on cleaning the air? A．Their quantity. B．Their colors. C．Their varieties. D．Their placement. 2．What is a benefit of seeing the color green during exercise? A．Promoting sports technique. B．Burning more calories. C．Increasing intelligence level. D．Improving mental health. 3．What contributes to the popularity of gardening? A．It is accessible and effective. B．It is affordable and appealing. C．It requires higher maintenance. D．It offers a connection with nature. 4．Why is gardening a form of mindfulness? A．It helps develop a sense of success. B．It frees us from our daily matters. C．It directs our attention to the present. D．It encourages learning and creativity. （23-24高一下·山东日照·期末）I think it all started with microwaves. A typical microwave can cook an entire chicken in 16minutes. That’s 3 times faster than the best convection oven (对流烤箱). We still stand in front of microwaves, impatiently tapping our feet, waiting for popcorn to pop. Modern consumer technology and the Internet have only amplified that convenience impatience. We have emails that literally travel around the world in seconds, and yet we still ask the recipient: Did you get it? Where is it? It should be there. A file that takes more than 10 seconds to download is considered a crime. And we’re suddenly faced with a digital queue. The system can’t serve us all at once and asks us to wait. But waiting is a chain in our DNA that is breaking up. This leads to the toe tapping, fingers pianoing on the desk, pen chewing, and eventually hair-pulling as if the thought of waiting a few minutes will drive us mad. Millennials and Gen Z are products of an instant-response childhood. They’ve long lived in a world where their every thought is met with instant response in texts and social media. In real life, these same people have no idea how to wait for a response. The assumption (设想) is that real world works exactly the same as digital. But the system in a company or government doesn’t move at anything near digital speed. In fact, it often moves as slowly as it did in the pre-Internet age. There’s a disconnect between these waits and most of our lives lived through technology. We are biology living in a digital space, enjoying the benefits of instant answers and access, but unable to change our own programming to match its speed. Operating at digital and Internet speed is a great benefit, but we forget that somewhere in the instant access path is often a comparatively slow-moving and slow-thinking human, who can only do so much, and only at a certain pace. When people say slow down, take a breath, they usually mean that you should step back from a busy moment. But this should also include stepping back from your instant-access existence to see that not everything can happen right away. Most of the time, it just doesn’t need to. 1．What does the underlined word “amplified” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Balanced. B．Worsened. C．Maintained. D．Weakened. 2．What is people’s reaction towards a digital queue? A．They lose patience to wait. B．They get embarrassed. C．They enjoy waiting to be served. D．They consider it as normal. 3．What do we know about Millennials and Gen Z? A．They are lacking in social experience. B．They desire for immediate responses. C．They are deeply influenced by the social media. D．They have a good understanding of the real word. 4．What can be concluded from the text? A．Accept things happen at their own pace. B．Go for instant response at any time. C．Make sure everything happens right away. D．Step back to see what has happened. 说明文之人与自然 （23-24高一下·广东广州·期末）In the classic mirror test, an animal is marked on an area of the body by scientists and then placed before a mirror. If the animal touches or explores the mark, it is taken as an indication that it regards the reflected image as an image of itself, rather than of another animal. Now, scientists have carried out the experiment with two species of snakes: 18 African ball pythons and 36 eastern garter snakes. Because of snakes’ poor ability to see, the researchers adapted the classic mirror test. They collected five scents: The snake’s own scent, its own scent mixed with olive oil, the scent of pure olive oil, the scent of another snake and the scent of another snake mixed with olive oil. African ball pythons spent a similar amount of time with each scent. But eastern garter snakes paid much more attention to their own scent that had been mixed with that of olive oil. The scientists suggest the garter snakes recognized themselves by noticing the unexpected change in their smell. “They only do long tongue flicks (轻弹) when they’re interested in something,” Miller says “I think their experimental model is more powerful than the mirror test,” Rulon Clark, a biologist, says. “A highly reflective mirrored surface doesn’t have a lot of equals in the natural environment. But researching chemical signals like scents left by a species and its fellow members well informs ourselves about how the species learns about itself and interacts with the environment.” Researchers conducted a similar study in 2021 with 24 eastern garter snakes. Instead of scents and olive oil, they observed the snakes’ interest in cage liners (衬垫) — their own, versus those of other snakes with both similar and dissimilar diets. By observing how long a snake flicked its tongue before each liner, that team also showed that the snakes focused on their own scents more than others’. “Snakes are believed to be boring animals that are not very smart, but our research shows that they display many of the same clever features as other animals. We can make progress in this field if we respect the species’ biology and way of dealing with the world and ask the right questions,” Gordon Burghardt, the study’s lead author, says. 1．What is the classic mirror test intended to test about animals? A．Natural changes in their looks. B．Their self-recognition ability. C．Differences in their vision. D．Their adaptability. 2．How did the researchers adapt the mirror test for snakes? A．By adding mirror types. B．By including two species. C．By giving them vision training. D．By relying on their sense of smell. 3．Why is the new experimental model considered more powerful? A．It enables deeper exploration of animal behavior. B．It can drive better treatment of chemical scents. C．It benefits nature protection during studies. D．It can reduce competition among species. 4．What inspiration does Gordon Burghardt probably want to share? A．Trying to learn from research failures. B．Exploring less-noticed research topics. C．Designing species-specific research methods. D．Exchanging ideas with scientists in different fields. （23-24高一下·辽宁·期末）Do you often have seafood like crabs? What will you do with the crab shells (壳) after your big seafood dinner? Scientists have a wonderful way to deal with it. They want to use a chemical found in crab shells to make batteries (电池) greener. “We think both the biodegradability of material, or environmental impact and the performance of the batteries are important for a good product,” said Liangbing Hu, director of the University of Maryland’s Center for Materials Innovation. As nowadays people care about the environment more and more and tend to use green energy and electric cars, the batteries being used for such technology also need to be eco-friendly. But the chemicals used in traditional batteries such as lithium-ion can take hundreds or thousands of years to break down. These chemicals are also harmful and easy to burn. In some cases, batteries have caught fire on aircraft, or caused fires in waste and recycling sites. The researchers in Maryland have developed batteries that use a chemical, chitin, taken from crab shells. This material is valuable, but usually thrown away as food waste from restaurants. Scientists have long been researching its various applications. Through chemical processing, chitin can finally be turned into a piece of firm gel (凝胶), which is suitable to be used for a battery. By mixing it with zinc, a bluish-white metal increasingly used to make batteries that are cheap and safe, Hu’s team was able to create a renewable battery. The batteries are not easy to burn and two thirds of the battery can break down in the earth in just five months, leaving behind recyclable zinc. Antonio J Fernández Romero, a professor of materials science for energy production at the University of Cartagena in Spain, who was not involved in the study, said, “A new battery that is environment-friendly and cheap, is one of the more important products that must be developed in the coming years.” 1．Why does the author ask the questions in Paragraph 1? A．To attract readers with a taste for seafood. B．To encourage us to explore science. C．To call on us to protect the environment. D．To introduce the eco-friendly battery. 2．What does the underlined word “biodegradability ”in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．The ability to produce electricity. B．The ability to be transformed. C．The ability to be broken down. D．The ability to be folded. 3．What can we infer from Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4? A．The material from crab shells is collected by restaurants. B．Chitin has been applied to many fields in different industries. C．Traditional batteries are neither safe nor environment-friendly. D．Chitin is valuable because crabs are not cheap in the restaurants. 4．What’s Romero’s attitude towards the new battery’s future? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Objective. D．Uncertain. （23-24高一下·内蒙古赤峰·期末）To communicate without words, humans use a host of gestures—whether a wave to wish someone goodbye or a thumbs-up to indicate approval. Now researchers have found, in a particularly polite example, the first documented evidence of a symbolic gesture used by birds. Some birds seem to flutter (拍翅膀) their wings to tell their mates they should enter the nest first, suggesting that the animals may communicate with a variety of gestures. Toshitaka Suzuki at the University of Tokyo and his colleagues set up hundreds of nest boxes in a forest populated with Japanese tits (山雀) near the town of Karuizawa. Each box had a 7.5-centimetre-wide hole, just big enough for one bird to squeeze through at a time. During breeding season, the team observed 321 nest visits across eight breeding pairs, with the tits often bringing food for their baby birds. If a bird couple arrived at the nest together, each tit would land on a nearby branch before entering. About 40 percent of the time, the female fluttered her wings for a few seconds, with her chest facing the male. This was quickly followed by the male entering the nest first, then the female. When neither bird fluttered its wings, which made up 44 percent of nest visitations, the females usually entered first. Only one male was seen repeatedly fluttering its wings, which was followed by the female entering first. Wing fluttering wasn’t observed at all when each bird arrived separately. The team believes that this discovery conflicts with earlier beliefs that only a few species use gestures to communicate. “They’ve done a really good job here of showing there is an association between this movement, this gesture, and then… the other bird doing something,” says Mike Webster, an ornithologist at Cornell University, who was not involved in the research. “It’s a really strong support to the notion that it’s a symbolic gesture. The bird that’s the receiver knows what it means, and it does what it’s supposed to do.” “We can conclude that this wing fluttering conveys ‘after you’.” says Suzuki. “This study is the first to show us clearly by evidence that birds can use wing movements to convey a particular meaning.” 1．What is the aim of Toshitaka Suzuki’s experiment? A．To find how the birds wings work in the wind. B．To observe whether birds treat their mates politely. C．To research whether birds can use symbolic gestures D．To prove whether birds can communicate with each other. 2．According to paragraph 2, why do tits flutter their wings? A．To show direction to the other bird. B．To signal their mates to enter the nest. C．To dry off their wings after flying in the rain. D．To scare away potential predators near the nest. 3．How do the researchers conduct the study on Japanese tits? A．By listing some examples. B．By reviewing previous data. C．By observing and comparing. D．By analyzing cause and effect 4．What’s the attitude of Mike Webster toward the study? A．Favorable. B．Opposed. C．Doubtful. D．Disappointed. （23-24高一下·河北·期末）Climate change is a big problem for corals (珊瑚虫). I dive to find out. By keeping track of corals in French Polynesia, I hope to determine how much stress they’re under. Coral reefs are like underwater cities made up of tiny animals called corals. They are in symbiosis with tiny plants called algae (海藻). The algae make food for the corals using sunlight. This is called photosynthesis (光合作用). In return, corals produce carbon dioxide and waste, which can be used by the algae as raw materials for photosynthesis. In French Polynesia, there’s a place called Moorea where scientists study corals. My colleagues and I use special floating platforms to look at the corals from different angles. This helps us find problems, like when other plants try to take over. Two types of coral, Acropora pulchra and Acropora cytherea, are being studied. The pulchra stays its usual dark yellow color, but the cytherea, which is usually light brown or purple, has turned white. This white color is not good. It happens when the water gets too warm for too long. The corals get stressed and push out the algae. Without the algae, the corals can’t get food and they turn white, which can lead to them dying. When my colleagues and I go diving, we use a plastic sheet to help us look at the corals and write down what we see. We check the water temperature, the color of the corals, and if we see any signs of the corals being in trouble. Some corals seem to be stronger and can handle warmer water better than others. We want to find out why this is, so we can help protect corals. But the best way to help corals is to stop pollution and global warming, which are making the oceans too warm for them. 1．Why does the author keep track of corals? A．He loves sea animals. B．He is crazy about corals. C．He wants to study the survival condition of corals. D．He wants to be free of stress. 2．What does the underlined word “symbiosis” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Competition for resources. B．Living together in harmony. C．In support of the development. D．Improvement without providing benefit. 3．What will happen when the water temperature rises above normal? A．The corals will lose the source of food. B．The coral will stay its purple color. C．Two kinds of coral will turn white. D．Some corals will become stronger. 4．What is the key to protecting corals in the author’s opinion? A．Protecting more sea plants. B．Putting more effort into coral research. C．Reducing pollution and stop global warming. D．Figuring out the relationship between corals and algae. （23-24高一下·河北·期末）After Miles Fetherston-Resch learned that sharks were in trouble, he was confused by how people treated the oceans and the creatures that lived in them. “I saw a polluted beach,” he said. “The adults are doing something about it. Why can’t I?” With the help of his mom, Miles then started an organization called Kids Saving Oceans. What started with $13 from his piggy bank as a 6-year-old boy has grown to $26,000 raised for ocean conservation (保护). He would sell things like hats, T-shirts and water bottles made out of recycled materials for a good cause. Before he turned 18, he wanted to raise $1million for ocean conservation organizations. Miles, now 12, is in the business of saving oceans. Miles has even met with leaders in Washington, D．C． and helped co-write a book called Kids Saving Oceans: Olivia Makes a Difference. “It’s about a kid named Olivia and she doesn’t want to just help her dad in the kitchen. She wants to change the world a little bit so she does her research and finds out the oceans are in trouble. She starts with a basic beach cleanup and it rockets off from there,” Miles said. Madeline Stoddard, Miles’ teacher, said other students in her classroom were inspired by Miles. “It shows that it doesn’t matter how young you are. Everyone can do something to create change,” Madeline said. Miles lives in Florida now. He has loved the ocean for as long as he can remember. He said, “Getting into conservation was just kind of personal to me.” But to other kids who want to do this kind of work, he said, “If you have an idea, go for it. The worst thing you can do is have it not work out. And that’s not a loss.” 1．Why was the Kids Saving Oceans established? A．To save animals. B．To make big money. C．To protect the oceans. D．To influence the adults. 2．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．Olivia was too busy to help her dad. B．Miles and Olivia have the same goal. C．The book is about recycled materials. D．Olivia failed to save the oceans at first. 3．Which of the following can best describe Miles? A．Confident and active. B．Friendly and graceful. C．Inspiring and curious. D．Patient and successful. 4．What does the author want to tell us in the last paragraph? A．Every cloud has a silver lining. B．The early bird catches the worm. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．Nothing risked, nothing gained. 试卷第1页，共3页 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题05 阅读理解之说明文15篇 题号 主题 难度 话题 1 人与自我 较易 个人保健,科普知识 2 人与自我 适中 方法/策略 3 人与自我 较易 商品 ,发明与创造 4 人与自我 较易 购物选择,社会问题与社会现象 5 人与自我 适中 科普知识 ,方法/策略 6 人与社会 适中 科普知识 7 人与社会 适中 科普知识 8 人与社会 适中 动物,科普知识 9 人与社会 适中 周边环境与场所,科普知识 10 人与社会 适中 信息技术 ,社会问题与社会现象 11 人与自然 适中 动物,科普知识 12 人与自然 适中 发明与创造 ,环境保护 13 人与自然 适中 动物,科普知识 14 人与自然 较易 环境保护 15 人与自然 适中 环境保护 说明文之人与自我 （23-24高一下·江苏扬州·期末）Short-sightedness is thought to affect around one in three people in the UK. The World Health Organisation predicts that about half of the world’s population will have myopia, or shortsightedness, by 2050. Generally a childhood phenomenon, myopia happens when the eyeball grows too long from front to back, making it more oval-shaped (椭圆) than round, thus unable to see faraway things clearly. While our first reaction is to blame the increased use of screens, experts believe the real reason is not that, exactly, but it’s related: less time spent outdoors. Natural light is essential for healthy eye development, says Schwartz. Access to natural light stimulates dopamine (多巴胺), which helps normal growth and development of the eyeball. Indoor lighting doesn’t do the trick. Ideally, kids should get at least two hours of natural light a day. That said, our increased use of screens is a problem. Most screens are high contrast—like black text on a white page, or light text on a dark background, says Schwartz. A 2018 study in Scientific Records found that looking at black text on white backgrounds compared to natural environments could lead to myopia. Close work, like reading and looking closely at screens, has also been shown to cause myopia. Most people’s eyesight settles in their teens, but some people get nearsighted later in life. Poor eyesight isn’t the only downside; people with myopia are at a higher risk of developing eye issues as they age. That’s why regular eye examinations are important. Researchers are working on ways to slow down rising myopia rates. A clinical trial at Ohio State University found that eye-drops with a low dose of atropine (阿托品) can slow myopia in kids. There’s also some early evidence that a type of contact lens (隐形 眼镜) called Peripheral Defocus lenses might stop nearsightedness from worsening. You can also reduce eye tiredness by making a few simple lifestyle changes, such as reading or working in good light, choosing non-glare screens for your computer or TV and taking frequent breaks. 1．What happens to the eyeball when one gets short-sighted? A．The eyeball becomes rounder in shape. B．The eyeball turns unclear and cloudy. C．The eyeball shortens from front to back. D．The eyeball becomes more oval-shaped. 2．What is the main cause of myopia according to experts? A．Increased use of screens. B．Reduced activities in the open air. C．Access to indoor lighting. D．Reading on contrast screens. 3．What is the significance of natural light to eye development? A．It causes production of a chemical to help eyeball’s normal growth. B．It helps to relax your eyes by providing a break from screens. C．It increases the contrast on screens, making them easier to read. D．It is essential for seeing black text on a white background clearly. 4．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to slow down rising myopia rates? A．Low-dose atropine eye-drops. B．Peripheral Defocus lenses. C．Regular eye examinations. D．Forming healthy eye habits. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了近视的原因、影响以及预防方法。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“myopia happens when the eyeball grows too long from front to back, making it more oval-shaped (椭圆) than round, thus unable to see faraway things clearly.”（近视发生在眼球从前到后变得过长，使其变得更像椭圆形而不是圆形，因此无法清楚地看到远处的东西。）可知，当一个人近视时，眼球会变得更像椭圆形。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“While our first reaction is to blame the increased use of screens, experts believe the real reason is not that, exactly, but it’s related: less time spent outdoors.”（虽然我们的第一反应是责怪屏幕使用的增加，但专家认为真正的原因并不完全是这样，而是与之相关：户外活动时间减少。）可知，专家认为近视的主要原因是户外活动时间减少。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Natural light is essential for healthy eye development, says Schwartz. Access to natural light stimulates dopamine (多巴胺), which helps normal growth and development of the eyeball.”（施瓦茨说，自然光对眼睛的健康发展至关重要。接触自然光可以刺激多巴胺，这有助于眼球的正常生长和发展。）可知，自然光对眼睛发展的重要性在于它能刺激一种化学物质的产生，帮助眼球的正常生长。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段“people with myopia are at a higher risk of developing eye issues as they age. That’s why regular eye examinations are important.”（随着年龄的增长，近视患者患眼部疾病的风险更高。这就是为什么定期眼科检查很重要。）可知，定期眼科检查是为了防止患眼部疾病而不是作为减缓近视率上升的方法。故选C。 （23-24高一下·天津和平·期末）We live in a judgmental world where people are quick to point out the faults and imperfections of others yet seem unaware of their own. Some misguided people believe they have a natural duty to help you to be a better person by telling you what a failure you really are first and then offering suggestions as to how you can improve. So what is the solution to criticism? If you are the one forcing others to feel ashamed of themselves, STOP. Make a conscious decision that rather than focus on the negative aspect of a person’s performance or attitudes, you’ll offer helpful suggestions from the beginning. If I’m painting our living room and making a mess in doing so, I would like my husband to say to me, “This is a tough job. Can I offer a suggestion that might make it easier for you?” rather than having him point’ out what a careless painter. I am and then tell me how I should be doing it. If you are on the receiving end of criticism, the “OK” response is a perfect solution. When someone comments negatively on a task you are doing or a personality issue, a natural response is to defend and attack. However, this approach is rarely effective as it puts both parties on the defensive. Instead, simply reply with “OK”. This brief one-word response acknowledges the other person’s comment without agreeing with it or feeling necessary to engage in a debate about it. It is important to remain emotionally attached to what the other person is saying, to listen without feeling, to be an objective observer. There is much that one can learn from a negative review. You can ask yourself: Did I make a mistake? Could I have done better? Did I give 100% of myself to the task at hand? If so, how can I improve? As for chronic (习惯性的) criticizers: It is important to set strict boundaries (界限) with them. Remove yourself from their presence when necessary. In any event, one can learn to be “OK” with criticism and not allow it to negatively impact their life or relationship with the other party. Examine it for any potential truths, and then ‘ let it go and just be “OK”. 1．What does the author want to show by using the example of painting? A．Nobody is perfect. B．The art of criticizing. C．The value of suggestions. D．The harm of criticizing. 2．What is the best way to respond when you are criticized by a person? A．Simply say “Thank you”. B．Defend yourself. C．Ignore the comment. D．Just say “OK”. 3．You are told to ask yourself some questions in Paragraph 4 so as to . A．better present negative reviews. B．learn from others’ mistakes C．take criticism objectively D．have more confidence in yourself 4．How should you treat people who always criticize others according to the author’s advice? A．Attack them sharply. B．Talk to them politely. C．Stay away from them. D．Be open to their suggestions. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何应对批评，指出在任何情况下，一个人都可以学会接受批评，不让它对他们的生活或与另一方的关系产生负面影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“So what is the solution to criticism? If you are the one forcing others to feel ashamed of themselves, STOP. Make a conscious decision that rather than focus on the negative aspect of a person’s performance or attitudes, you’ll offer helpful suggestions from the beginning. If I’m painting our living room and making a mess in doing so, I would like my husband to say to me, “This is a tough job. Can I offer a suggestion that might make it easier for you?” rather than having him point’ out what a careless painter. I am and then tell me how I should be doing it.(那么，如何解决批评呢？如果你是那个强迫别人为自己感到羞耻的人，停下来。做一个有意识的决定，而不是专注于一个人的表现或态度的消极方面，你会从一开始就提供有用的建议。如果我正在粉刷我们的客厅，并把它弄得一团糟，我希望我的丈夫对我说：“这是一项艰巨的工作。我能提个建议让你容易些吗？”而不是让他指出他是一个多么粗心的油漆工。是的，然后告诉我应该怎么做)”可知，作者想用绘画的例子来说明批评的艺术。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“If you are on the receiving end of criticism, the “OK” response is a perfect solution.(如果你被批评了，回答“OK”是一个完美的解决方案)”可知，当你被人批评时，最好的回应方式是说“OK”。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“It is important to remain emotionally attached to what the other person is saying, to listen without feeling, to be an objective observer. There is much that one can learn from a negative review. You can ask yourself: Did I make a mistake? Could I have done better? Did I give 100%of myself to the task at hand? If so, how can I improve?( 重要的是要对他人所说的话保持情感上的依恋，不带感情地倾听，做一个客观的观察者。一个人可以从负面评价中学到很多东西。你可以问问自己：我做错了吗？我还能做得更好吗？我是否对手头的任务投入了100%的精力？如果是这样，我该如何改进？)”可知，你被要求问自己一些问题是为了客观地接受批评。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段“As for chronic (习惯性的) criticizers: It is important to set strict boundaries (界限) with them. Remove yourself from their presence when necessary.(对于习惯性批评的人：与他们建立严格的界限是很重要的。必要时离开他们)”可知，你应该远离总是批评别人的人。故选C。 （23-24高一下·湖北武汉·期末）Parents may worry that their children aren’t getting enough quality sleep. However, now there’s a smart bed to provide adults with sleep data by a smart app. The SleepIQbed can send a signal of attention to parents when their children are asleep, as well as if they are risking out of bed. If a child is tossing and turning (辗转反侧) , it can also be adjusted to make it more comfortable. The bed was first introduced at the International Consumer, Electronics Show (CES) . It claims to be the only one in the world, which adjusts with children as they grow. Children don’t need to wear a smart-band or alternative wearable device in bed. Instead, the quality of their sleep is measured by sensors in the bed, which monitor their present, average breathing rate, heart rate and movement. Then it assesses quality of sleep. They are given a SleepIQ score for each night’s sleep. Using an accompanying app, parents can see it clearly. It also allows parents to monitor routines (常规) that affect sleep, such as exercise, caffeine and screen time, helping them to develop a routine that helps develop a good night’s shut-eye. The bed sends a signal to the app when it senses a child is out of bed or is restless, such as if he is having a nightmare (噩梦). Its firmness can be adjusted to change the level of comfort and support to suit children as they grow. A “head tilt (倾斜)” feature for reading is built in, and parents can remotely turn a light out after reading time using the app. There are also fun features such as a “monster scanner”, which uses a mobile phone to check for and fight monsters under the bed. What’s more, an automatic light will guide children, if they need to get up in the middle of the night. The bed is available online and at Sleep Number stores in the US from around $ 499, almost the same as the beds we are sleeping on. 1．What effect does the SleepIQbed have on children? A．Their sleep quality will be improved. B．Their sports performance will be improved. C．Their health condition will be improved greatly. D．They no longer need to get up in the middle of the night. 2．What can be learned from the text? A．The SleepIQbed is the best bed around the world. B．Children will never fall out of the SleepIQ bed. C．The smart bed is as cheap as an ordinary one. D．Another smart bed is needed with children growing older. 3．What can be inferred from having the SleepIQ bed? A．Children won’t have a nightmare. B．Parents can be free from some worries. C．Children had better not read on the bed. D．Parents don’t need to care for children any more at night. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．How to get a good sleep. B．How parents take care of children. C．The smart bed helping sleep better. D．Risks that children face when sleeping. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本篇是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款智能床，它的各种功能可以保证孩子们的睡眼质量。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The SleepIQbed can send a signal of attention to parents when their children are asleep, as well as if they are risking out of bed. If a child is tossing and turning (辗转反侧) , it can also be adjusted to make it more comfortable.(SleepIQ床可以在孩子睡着时以及如果他们有下床的风险时向父母发出关注的信号。如果孩子在辗转反侧，也可以对其进行调整，使其更舒适。)”可知，SleepIQ床可以让孩子们的睡眠质量得到改善。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The bed is available online and at Sleep Number stores in the US from around $ 499, almost the same as the beds we are sleeping on.”（这款床在网上和Sleep Number美国门店有售，起价499美元左右，几乎和我们现在睡的床一样。）可推知，这款智能床和普通床一样便宜。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段中“The SleepIQbed can send a signal of attention to parents when their children are asleep, as well as if they are risking out of bed.”（当孩子睡着时以及如果他们有下床的风险，SleepIQ床会向父母发出一个关注的信号）以及第二段中“It also allows parents to monitor routines ( 常规 ) that affect sleep, such as exercise, caffeine and screen time, helping them to develop a routine that helps develop a good night’s shut-eye.(它还允许父母监控影响睡眠的日常活动，比如锻炼、咖啡因和看屏幕的时间，帮助他们养成一种有助于晚上睡个好觉的习惯。)”可推知，智能床会在孩子们有危险时报警，可以让父母监控影响睡眠的日常活动，帮助他们养成一种有助于晚上睡个好觉的习惯；由此可知，SleepIQ bed可以让家长从对孩子的一些担忧中解脱出来。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“Parents may worry that their children aren’t getting enough quality sleep. However, now there’s a smart bed to provide adults with sleep data by a smart app. The SleepIQbed can send a signal of attention to parents when their children are asleep, as well as if they are risking out of bed. If a child is tossing and turning (辗转反侧) , it can also be adjusted to make it more comfortable.”（父母可能会担心他们的孩子没有得到足够的高质量睡眠。然而，现在有一种智能床可以通过智能应用程序为成年人提供睡眠数据。当孩子睡着时以及如果他们有下床的风险，SleepIQ床可以向父母发送一个关注信号。如果孩子翻来覆去，也可以调整一下，让它更舒服。）可知，文章主要介绍了一款帮助孩子改善睡眠质量的智能床SleepIQbed，这款智能床的功能和优点，以及它如何帮助孩子改善睡眠质量。C选项“让你睡得更好的智能床”能够概括文章主旨。故选C项。 （23-24高一下·浙江宁波·期末）Have you ever wondered about the universal layout (布局) of supermarkets? Smart designers are behind it, subtly tempting you to walk through each aisle and fill your shopping cart without even realizing it. Grocery store design is a carefully crafted art from both psychological and marketing standpoints, according to Reeves Connelly, who studied architectural design at the Pratt Institute. He explained there is a specific reason why fruit and vegetables are often located at the front of the store, “You’ll grab the fruits and vegetables first and then hopefully feel less guilty about buying junk food later on.” Meanwhile, essential items such as milk and eggs are placed at the back of the store to ensure customers walk through other aisles with many unhealthy options like snacks and sodas, potentially increasing the likelihood of impulse purchases. There’s also a reason why you often feel lost in local supermarkets. Shockingly, they move things around. Reeves explained, “They are very much aware that these strategies become less effective after you visit the store a few times and get a better sense of where everything is, so they’ll regularly move the products to different aisles to con fuse you. The practice is not limited to a specific store but is employed across various retail chains.” “Their little tricks always work on me,” one regular shopper admits, “I walk in to get three things and end up spending $300; that’s why I hate grocery shopping,” he said. On the other hand, some shoppers are proud to declare they have never fallen into the trap. “That’s why I always keep a shopping list on me,” another shopper shared. “I’ve started having my groceries delivered. If I have to go to the store, I never grab a trolley. If I can’t carry it, I’m not buying it,” he added. 1．What is the purpose of the supermarket layout? A．To show the designer’s wisdom. B．To save consumers’ shopping time. C．To increase non-essential purchases. D．To provide multiple goods for choice. 2．What would the store owner probably do to make more profits? A．Put the healthy food together. B．Distribute junk food in different areas. C．Place essential items before junk food. D．Rearrange products in supermarkets regularly. 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Most shoppers are trapped in marketing tricks. B．Shopping baskets are better than heavy trolleys. C．Making lists can be a smart act for impulse buying. D．Grocery delivery can help improve supermarket sales. 4．Where is this text most likely from? A．A business magazine. B．A psychology report. C．A research paper. D．A shopping guide. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了超市布局背后促进非必要消费的特殊原因以及建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Meanwhile, essential items such as milk and eggs are placed at the back of the store to ensure customers walk through other aisles with many unhealthy options like snacks and sodas, potentially increasing the likelihood of impulse purchases.(与此同时，牛奶和鸡蛋等必需品被放在商店的后面，以确保顾客穿过其他过道，有许多不健康的选择，如零食和苏打水，这可能会增加冲动购物的可能性)”可知，超市布局的目的是促进非必要消费。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Reeves explained, “They are very much aware that these strategies become less effective after you visit the store a few times and get a better sense of where everything is, so they’ll regularly move the products to different aisles to con fuse you. The practice is not limited to a specific store but is employed across various retail chains.”(里夫斯解释说：“他们非常清楚，当你几次光顾商店并更好地了解每样商品的位置后，这些策略的效果就会降低，所以他们会定期将产品移到不同的过道，让你感到困惑。这种做法不仅限于特定的商店，而是被各种零售连锁店采用。”)”可知，为了提高利润，店主可能会定期重新安排超市的产品布局。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“On the other hand, some shoppers are proud to declare they have never fallen into the trap. “That’s why I always keep a shopping list on me,” another shopper shared.(另一方面，一些购物者自豪地宣称他们从未落入陷阱。“这就是为什么我总是把购物清单放在身上，”另一位购物者分享道)”可推知，带购物清单是避免冲动购物的明智之举。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Have you ever wondered about the universal layout (布局) of supermarkets? Smart designers are behind it, subtly tempting you to walk through each aisle and fill your shopping cart without even realizing it.(你有没有想过超市的通用布局？聪明的设计师在背后，巧妙地引诱你穿过每一条过道，在不知不觉中装满购物车)”以及全文可知，文章主要说明了超市布局背后促进非必要消费的特殊原因以及建议。由此推知，文章可能选自一本商业杂志。故选A。 （23-24高一下·浙江湖州·期末）After hours of working, many people experience significant drops in energy and find themselves in desperate need of a recharge. But instead of grabbing a coffee, it may be more worthwhile to take a short sleep break known as a power nap. A power nap can “provide the refreshment you need if you’re struggling to stay alert or haven’t had a good night’s sleep,” explains Rebecca Robbins, a sleep scientist. A power nap “gives people the chance to rest for a short period of time to boost workplace productivity (生产率),”she says, but they are only beneficial when they are done correctly. How long should a power nap be? Sleep experts say that an effective power nap should only last 20-30 minutes to increase alertness throughout the day. According to James Maas, a former professor and chair of psychology at Cornell University who invented the term “power nap” more than 50 years ago, “It’s an opportunity to shut your eyes, breathe slowly and recharge.” For most people, 15 minutes should be enough to power through the rest of the work day. However, Maas warns that lengthier naps are counterproductive and even harmful. “Never nap for 60 minutes. If you power nap any time longer than 40 minutes, you’re going to wake up feeling very weak and tired for another hour or so.” Shelby Harris, a clinical psychologist, adds that the best time to take your power nap is between 1 p. m. and 3 p. m. , because napping any later in the day “can interfere with your sleep at night.” In contrast to coffee, which is likely to “damage your sleep at night and only offer short term energy for about 30 minutes,” Robbins says a power nap is a healthier alternative to improve workplace performance, strengthen memory and boost creativity. Harris adds naps have long-term health benefits too, such as improving your mood and aiding in stress management. “Power naps can reduce accidents and mistakes while also improving attention, alertness, concentration and performance. They can even be used effectively to fight sleepy driving when a short nap is taken just before getting behind the wheel,” she says. 1．What did James Maas suggest about a power nap? A．The best time to nap is from 1 p. m. to 3 p. m. B．The longer you nap, the more refreshed you’ll be. C．It’s better to be kept within 15 minutes. D．Napping too long does more harm than good. 2．Good power naps have the following benefits except __________. A．contributing to our refreshment. B．improving our memory and mood. C．disturbing your sleep at night. D．helping effectively manage stress. 3．How does the author develop the passage? A．By giving definitions. B．By making comparisons. C．By showing examples. D．By quoting from others. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Tips on Taking Power Naps B．Ways to Get You Refreshed C．The Benefits of a Power Nap D．Steps to Improve Your Sleep 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是关于小睡的一些建议，以获取小睡带来的好处。 1．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“However, Maas warns that lengthier naps are counterproductive and even harmful. “Never nap for 60 minutes. If you power nap any time longer than 40 minutes, you’re going to wake up feeling very weak and tired for another hour or so.”(然而，Maas警告说，长时间的小睡会适得其反，甚至有害。“永远不要小睡60分钟。如果你小睡的时间超过40分钟，你醒来后会感到非常虚弱，在接下来的一个小时左右都会感到疲惫。”)”可知，Maas警告人们长时间的小睡会适得其反，甚至有害，小睡时间过长会感到非常虚弱和疲惫，由此可知，James Maas建议小睡时间不要太长。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Shelby Harris, a clinical psychologist, adds that the best time to take your power nap is between 1 p. m. and 3 p. m. , because napping any later in the day “can interfere with your sleep at night. ”(临床心理学家谢尔比·哈里斯(Shelby Harris)补充说，小睡的最佳时间是下午1点到3点之间，因为再晚一点小睡“都会影响你晚上的睡眠”)”可知，小睡的时间在下午3点以后得话会影响到晚上的睡眠，所以C选项“影响晚上睡眠”不是小睡的好处。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据首段中的“But instead of grabbing a coffee, it may be more worthwhile to take a short sleep break known as a power nap.(但与其喝杯咖啡，不如小睡一会儿，这可能更有价值)”可知，在精神状态不佳时小睡一会儿比喝杯咖啡有价值，引出本文的主题，结合第二段中的“A power nap can “provide the refreshment you need if you’re struggling to stay alert or haven’t had a good night’s sleep,” explains Rebecca Robbins, a sleep scientist.(睡眠科学家丽贝卡·罗宾斯(Rebecca Robbins)解释说，小睡可以“在你难以保持清醒或一夜没睡好时，为你提供所需的精神恢复”)”、第三段中的“According to James Maas, a former professor and chair of psychology at Cornell University who invented the term “power nap” more than 50 years ago, “It’s an opportunity to shut your eyes, breathe slowly and recharge.”(50多年前，康奈尔大学前教授兼心理学主席James Maas发明了“小睡”一词，他说：“这是一个闭上眼睛、慢慢呼吸、充电的机会。”)”以及倒数第三段中的“Shelby Harris, a clinical psychologist, adds that the best time to take your power nap is between 1 p. m. and 3 p. m. , because napping any later in the day “can interfere with your sleep at night.”(临床心理学家谢尔比·哈里斯(Shelby Harris)补充说，小睡的最佳时间是下午1点到3点之间，因为再晚一点小睡“都会影响你晚上的睡眠”)”可知，在介绍小睡的相关情况时，作者引用了很多专家和研究者所说的话，由此可知，本文是通过引用别人的话展开文章的。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“A power nap “gives people the chance to rest for a short period of time to boost workplace productivity (生产率),”she says, but they are only beneficial when they are done correctly.(她说，小睡“让人们有机会在短时间内休息，提高工作生产率”，但只有在正确的情况下，小睡才有益)”可知，小睡可以提高工作效率，但是要在正确的情况下才会有这样的效果，结合下文中介绍的小睡的时常、最佳小睡的时间以及正确的小睡带来的好处可知，本文主要讲述的是如何在“小睡”中受益，“关于小睡的建议”与本文内容吻合，且概括了文章的主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选A项。 说明文之人与社会 （23-24高一下·山东聊城·期末）I hate losses. Two months ago, I went crazy when I looked for the wallet I’d lost. Checking every pocket, I got increasingly anxious. The money, the credit cards, the driver’s license, and the social security card in my wallet kept flashing through my mind. Whoever found the wallet could steal my identity, run up huge expenses, and put me in financial danger! My heart was pounding. I felt so flustered that I didn’t go to work, not knowing what to do. Subsequently, I called the credit card companies and canceled my cards. Then I realized that I drove without a license, so I took time off to go to the registry to get a new one. That night, I couldn’t sleep. I had a pain in my chest. I thought I was having a heart attack. After a couple of hours of tests at the hospital, I was told that it was just an anxiety attack. Losing my wallet was no big deal; I just had to cancel the cards, get a new license, and buy a new wallet. I lost a few bills, but so what? However, I was deeply troubled by it. Frankly, we all hate losses. Daniel Kahneman, an Israeli psychologist, found that people are generally more afraid of losing things than they’re eager to gain. This phenomenon is called loss aversion (厌恶). In a typical study, when people were asked if they would rather get $500 for sure or a lottery ticket (彩票) with a 50-50 chance of winning $1000, they generally chose the former. But when they were asked if they would rather lose $500 for sure or get a lottery ticket that offers 50 percent chance of losing$1000, most people chose to take the risk. In both cases, the chances are the same but people’s choices are different. In fact, the emotions associated with loss formed a long time ago. Loss was always frightening and damaging for people then, and it’s still with us. Indeed, that’s why I blew the simple loss of a wallet out of proportion. 1．What happened to the author two months ago? A．He faced a financial crisis. B．He suffered a heart attack. C．He lost his wallet. D．He was blamed by his boss. 2．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “flustered” in paragraph 2? A．Embarrassed. B．Tired. C．Strange. D．Upset. 3．What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A．It is hard to win the lottery. B．People tend to lose less in order to get more later. C．It is worth taking risks to get a small fortune. D．People prefer avoiding losses to getting possible benefits. 4．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the story? A．To explain what loss aversion is. B．To complain about his misfortune in his life. C．To provide advice on protecting personal property. D．To persuade people to concentrate on their work. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章作者通过自身丢钱包的经历，解释了什么是损失厌恶。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Two months ago, I went crazy when I looked for the wallet I’d lost.(两个月前，当我寻找丢失的钱包时，我发疯了)”可知，两个月前作者丢了钱包。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“that I didn’t go to work, not knowing what to do”以及第二段“Subsequently, I called the credit card companies and canceled my cards. Then I realized that I drove without a license, so I took time off to go to the registry to get a new one.(随后，我打电话给信用卡公司取消了我的信用卡。然后我意识到我没有驾照，所以我请假去登记处办了一张新驾照)”可知，作者丢了钱包很沮丧，没有去上班，不知道该做什么，处理了很多事情。故划线词意思是“沮丧的”。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Daniel Kahneman, an Israeli psychologist, found that people are generally more afraid of losing things than they’re eager to gain. This phenomenon is called loss aversion (厌恶).(以色列心理学家丹尼尔·卡尼曼发现，人们通常更害怕失去东西，而不是渴望得到东西。这种现象被称为损失厌恶)”可知，人们宁愿避免损失，也不愿获得可能的利益。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“Frankly, we all hate losses. Daniel Kahneman, an Israeli psychologist, found that people are generally more afraid of losing things than they’re eager to gain. This phenomenon is called loss aversion (厌恶). (坦率地说，我们都讨厌损失。以色列心理学家丹尼尔·卡尼曼发现，人们通常更害怕失去东西，而不是渴望得到东西。这种现象被称为损失厌恶)”结合文章通过自身丢钱包的经历，解释了什么是损失厌恶。可知，作者写这个故事的目的是解释什么是损失厌恶。故选A。 （23-24高一下·辽宁大连·期末）Victor Borge once wrote, “Laughter is the closest distance between two people.” Yet laughter isn’t always positive for relationships. Think of your friend laughing at your embarrassing mistake. This kind of unshared laughter can have the opposite effect. Now, a new study explores when laughter works as a social glue. While all genuine laughter may help us feel good, shared laughter may communicate to others that we have a similar worldview, which strengthens our relationships. Researchers at the University of North Carolina found a way to produce shared laughter to measure experimentally how it might impact a relationship with a stranger. Participants watched a funny, not-so-funny, or not-funny-at-all video while video-chatting with another same-sex participant. Unknown to them, the video chat displayed a pre-recorded clip (片段) of someone laughing the same amount for each of the two funny videos, but only smiling occasionally during the unfunny video. This produced more shared laughter in the first situation, less shared laughter in the second, and no shared laughter in the third. Afterwards, the participants then filled out questionnaires about their sense of similarity to their video partner, and how much they liked or wanted to get to know their video partner. Results showed that, across the different videos, the amount of shared laughter had consistent (一致的) effects on the participants’ sense of similarity to the video partner — and that this, in turn, increased how much participants liked their partner and wanted to affiliate with him or her. “For people who are laughing together, shared laughter signals that they see the world in the same way, and it momentarily improve their sense of connection,” says Sara Algoe, co-author of the study. How can we put these findings into practice? Algoe suggests that relationship partners may want to find opportunities to laugh together in order to boost closeness, especially before having difficult conversations. Likewise, shared laughter could be introduced into staff meetings to make people feel more on the same page and thus become more productive. 1．What is the finding of the experiment? A．Laughter creates distances. B．Laughter is a reliable social glue. C．Unshared laughter has negative effect. D．Shared laughter brings closeness. 2．What are the participants asked to do in the experiment? A．Record the reaction to the videos. B．Video chat with a same-sex stranger. C．Fill out questionnaires on the videos. D．Laugh the same amount each time. 3．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined phrase “affiliate with” in Paragraph 4? A．Connect with. B．Turn to. C．Agree with. D．Refer to. 4．In which situation is shared laughter probably used according to Algoe? A．During a court meeting. B．After seeing a doctor. C．Before solving conflicts. D．When taking an exam. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北卡罗来纳大学的研究人员的一项新研究，他们发现共同的笑声可以作为一种社交粘合剂，增强人与人之间的关系。文章还提到了这项研究的结果以及如何将这一发现应用到实际生活中。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Now, a new study explores when laughter works as a social glue. While all genuine laughter may help us feel good, shared laughter may communicate to others that we have a similar worldview, which strengthens our relationships.”（现在，一项新的研究探索了笑在什么时候会起到社交粘合剂的作用。虽然所有真诚的笑声都能让我们感觉良好，但共同的笑声可以向他人传达我们有相似的世界观，从而加强我们的关系。）和第四段中“Results showed that, across the different videos, the amount of shared laughter had consistent (一致的) effects on the participants’ sense of similarity to the video partner — and that this, in turn, increased how much participants liked their partner and wanted to affiliate with him or her.”（结果表明，在不同的视频中，共同笑声的次数对参与者与视频伙伴的相似感有一致的影响——而这反过来又增加了参与者对伙伴的喜爱程度，并希望与他或她建立联系。）可知，实验的发现是共同的笑声能带来亲密感。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Participants watched a funny, not-so-funny, or not-funny-at-all video while video-chatting with another same-sex participant.”（参与者在与另一位同性参与者进行视频聊天时，观看了一段有趣、不太有趣或完全不好笑的视频。）可知，实验要求参与者与一位同性陌生人进行视频聊天。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后“‘For people who are laughing together, shared laughter signals that they see the world in the same way, and it momentarily improve their sense of connection,’ says Sara Algoe, co-author of the study.”（研究的合著者萨拉·阿尔戈说：“对于一起笑的人来说，共同的笑声表明他们以同样的方式看待世界，这暂时提升了他们的联系感。”）可知，共同的笑声会让人们觉得彼此看法相似，从而想要与对方建立联系，所以affiliate with在此处的意思是“与……建立联系”，与connect with意思相近。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Algoe suggests that relationship partners may want to find opportunities to laugh together in order to boost closeness, especially before having difficult conversations.”（阿尔戈建议，关系中的双方可能想要找到一起笑的机会，以增强亲密感，尤其是在进行困难的对话之前。）可推知，在解决冲突之前，人们可能会使用共同的笑声来增强亲密感。故选C项。 （23-24高一下·辽宁鞍山·期末）Millions of monarch butterflies (黑脉金斑蝶) once covered the trees of California’s coastal areas each winter, but now their numbers are decreasing.The recent annual Western Monarch Count found that the butterfly population was down by 99 percent from populations 40 years ago. Monarch butterflies have two populations: eastern and western varieties separated by the Rocky Mountains. The populations are very similar in appearance, but western monarch butterflies are generally smaller and darker in color. The two also follow different migration patterns.Eastern monarch butterflies spend winter in Mexico, while western ones gather on central California coasts to wait out the cold. In early spring, the two leave their rest places and begin to travel eastward.By the time the butterflies reach the Central Valley, they breed (繁殖). A butterfly can lay hundreds of eggs in a few weeks, and the new generation continues the migration.The cycle of generations and migration repeats every few weeks through the summer until the butterflies move as far as Idaho. And when the weather turns cold and the days get shorter, the butterflies return to California’s coasts. The overwintering population was counted every year. The missing information is the time period when the butterflies leave their winter woods and begin to breed in February, March and April. “We just don’t know what they’re doing in that middle period and how we can better support the population,” said Washington State University biologist Cheryl Schultz. “Maybe they’re resting in the woods, or maybe they need more fuel along the way, etc. Any of those thing might help monarch butterflies get from the coastal overwintering sites to breeding sites broadly in the Central Valley,” Schultz added. To fill that gap, the researchers set up the Western Monarch Mystery Challenge. The ten­-week program asks the public to submit photographs of monarch butterflies outside of their winter range. “We couldn’t be looking for monarch butterflies right now without the involvement of the community. There just aren’t enough of us,” Schultz said. “Reaching out to the community means we might be able to learn something where there is virtually no other way to learn it.” 1．From Paragraph 1, we know monarch butterflies _______. A．are counted by researchers every decade B．are in a very difficult situation now C．have lost their home in California D．have moved to new places 2．What do the two varieties of monarch butterflies have in common? A．Their breeding places. B．Their appearance and size. C．Their way of fighting against cold. D．Their migration destination in winter. 3．Why was the Western Monarch Mystery Challenge set up? A．To know the exact number of monarch butterflies. B．To help monarch butterflies get through tough winters. C．To know better about monarch butterflies to help them. D．To find out the influence of human activities on monarch butterflies. 4．What do Schultz’s words in the last paragraph show? A．It’s challenging to make the community get involved. B．It’s important to get help from the public. C．It’s difficult to study monarch butterflies. D．It’s rewarding to learn from the public. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。黑脉金斑蝶数量锐减，为了更好地保护它们，一些研究人员号召大众参与到他们的项目中以便保护他们。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“The recent annual Western Monarch Count found that the butterfly population was down by 99 percent from populations 40 years ago. (最近的西方帝王蝶年度统计发现，蝴蝶数量比40年前下降了99%。)”可知，黑脉金斑蝶数量锐减，处境堪忧。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In early spring, the two leave their rest places and begin to travel eastward. By the time the butterflies reach the Central Valley, they breed (繁殖). (早春时节，它们离开休息的地方，开始向东旅行。当蝴蝶到达中央山谷时，它们繁殖)”可知，他们的繁殖地是相同的，故选A项。 3．推理判断题，根据第四段中的“The missing information is the time period when the butterflies leave their winter woods and begin to breed in February, March and April.“We just don’t know what they’re doing in that middle period and how we can better support the population，” said Washington State University biologist Cheryl Schultz. (缺失的信息是蝴蝶离开冬季树林并在二月、三月和四月开始繁殖的时间段。我们只是不知道他们在那个中期在做什么，以及我们如何更好地支持种群，“华盛顿州立大学生物学家谢丽尔舒尔茨说。)”及“To fill that gap, the researchers set up the Western Monarch Mystery Challenge. (为了填补这一空白，研究人员设立了西方帝王斑神秘挑战项目。)”可知，项目的建立是为了更好地了解它们以便保护它们。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““We couldn’t be looking for monarch butterflies right now without the involvement of the community. There just aren’t enough of us,” Schultz said. “Reaching out to the community means we might be able to learn something where there is virtually no other way to learn it.” (“没有社区的参与，我们现在不可能寻找帝王蝶。”舒尔茨说:“我们人手不够。向社区伸出援手意味着我们或许能够在几乎没有其他途径可以学习的地方学到一些东西。”)”可知，让大众参与到这个项目来很重要。故选B项。 （23-24高一下·山东日照·期末）Over the years, many scientists have attempted to explain why spending time in green spaces can reduce feelings of stress and anxiety, from their supposed ability to clean the air to their mysterious effects on our brains. The most common saying I tend to hear is that plants, particularly houseplants, clean the air. The latest research now suggests that in indoor spaces you would need a lot of them before you see any noticeable benefit. How many? Well, several hundred per square meter of living space to achieve the same benefit of simply opening a window. What we do know, however, is that there is something unusual about the color green that seems to affect how our brains function. Researchers investigating the effect of exercise on psychological well-being have found that seeing views of the natural world on screens had additional benefits over and above the workout alone. However, when they changed the screens to show the same views in black and white or in shades of red, the effect was markedly reduced compared to the original green. This may mean that having evergreen species in your garden or even something as simple as painting your fence green might contribute to its effect. Similarly, designing your garden to require higher maintenance (维护) so that it is not simply somewhere to sunbathe in summer may improve the beneficial effect by encouraging gentle workouts. Low-impact, prolonged exercise, such as gardening, can burn more calories (卡路里) than a hard-hitting gym session, despite feeling easier. It is a way of being active that may appeal to far more people. Gardening is also a classic form of practicing mindfulness, which can help to focus our thoughts on the here and now, distracting us from any worries or stresses. Mindfulness exercises are well-documented to have a positive impact on psychological well-being. So act now, embrace (接受) the power of greenery and turn your garden into a welcoming space. 1．Which factor determines houseplants’ effect on cleaning the air? A．Their quantity. B．Their colors. C．Their varieties. D．Their placement. 2．What is a benefit of seeing the color green during exercise? A．Promoting sports technique. B．Burning more calories. C．Increasing intelligence level. D．Improving mental health. 3．What contributes to the popularity of gardening? A．It is accessible and effective. B．It is affordable and appealing. C．It requires higher maintenance. D．It offers a connection with nature. 4．Why is gardening a form of mindfulness? A．It helps develop a sense of success. B．It frees us from our daily matters. C．It directs our attention to the present. D．It encourages learning and creativity. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了绿色空间对人们的心理健康的积极影响，以及园艺活动的益处。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The latest research now suggests that in indoor spaces you would need a lot of them before you see any noticeable benefit. How many? Well, several hundred per square meter of living space to achieve the same benefit of simply opening a window.”（最新的研究现在表明，在室内空间，你需要很多植物才能看到任何明显的效果。需要多少呢？好吧，每平方米的生活空间需要几百个，才能达到简单开窗的效果。）可知，决定室内植物清洁空气效果的因素是它们的数量。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Researchers investigating the effect of exercise on psychological well-being have found that seeing views of the natural world on screens had additional benefits over and above the workout alone. However, when they changed the screens to show the same views in black and white or in shades of red, the effect was markedly reduced compared to the original green.”（研究运动对心理健康的影响的研究人员发现，看到屏幕上的自然景色对于运动本身有额外的好处。然而，当他们改变屏幕显示同样的景色为黑白或红色时，效果明显减弱，与原来的绿色相比。）可知，运动时看到绿色的好处是改善心理健康。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Similarly, designing your garden to require higher maintenance (维护) so that it is not simply somewhere to sunbathe in summer may improve the beneficial effect by encouraging gentle workouts. Low-impact, prolonged exercise, such as gardening, can burn more calories (卡路里) than a hard-hitting gym session, despite feeling easier. It is a way of being active that may appeal to far more people.”（同样地，把你的花园设计成需要更多的维护，这样它就不仅仅是一个夏天晒日光浴的地方，这样可以通过鼓励温和的锻炼来提高有益的效果。低强度、长时间的运动，比如园艺，可以比剧烈运动的健身房燃烧更多的卡路里，尽管感觉更轻松。这是一种活跃的方式，可能会吸引更多的人。）可推知，园艺活动的普及性在于它既易以获得又有效。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Gardening is also a classic form of practicing mindfulness, which can help to focus our thoughts on the here and now, distracting us from any worries or stresses.”（园艺也是练习正念的一种经典形式，它可以帮助我们把注意力集中在当下，分散我们对任何担忧或压力的注意力）可知，园艺也是一种典型的正念练习方式，是因为它引导我们关注当下。故选C。 （23-24高一下·山东日照·期末）I think it all started with microwaves. A typical microwave can cook an entire chicken in 16minutes. That’s 3 times faster than the best convection oven (对流烤箱). We still stand in front of microwaves, impatiently tapping our feet, waiting for popcorn to pop. Modern consumer technology and the Internet have only amplified that convenience impatience. We have emails that literally travel around the world in seconds, and yet we still ask the recipient: Did you get it? Where is it? It should be there. A file that takes more than 10 seconds to download is considered a crime. And we’re suddenly faced with a digital queue. The system can’t serve us all at once and asks us to wait. But waiting is a chain in our DNA that is breaking up. This leads to the toe tapping, fingers pianoing on the desk, pen chewing, and eventually hair-pulling as if the thought of waiting a few minutes will drive us mad. Millennials and Gen Z are products of an instant-response childhood. They’ve long lived in a world where their every thought is met with instant response in texts and social media. In real life, these same people have no idea how to wait for a response. The assumption (设想) is that real world works exactly the same as digital. But the system in a company or government doesn’t move at anything near digital speed. In fact, it often moves as slowly as it did in the pre-Internet age. There’s a disconnect between these waits and most of our lives lived through technology. We are biology living in a digital space, enjoying the benefits of instant answers and access, but unable to change our own programming to match its speed. Operating at digital and Internet speed is a great benefit, but we forget that somewhere in the instant access path is often a comparatively slow-moving and slow-thinking human, who can only do so much, and only at a certain pace. When people say slow down, take a breath, they usually mean that you should step back from a busy moment. But this should also include stepping back from your instant-access existence to see that not everything can happen right away. Most of the time, it just doesn’t need to. 1．What does the underlined word “amplified” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Balanced. B．Worsened. C．Maintained. D．Weakened. 2．What is people’s reaction towards a digital queue? A．They lose patience to wait. B．They get embarrassed. C．They enjoy waiting to be served. D．They consider it as normal. 3．What do we know about Millennials and Gen Z? A．They are lacking in social experience. B．They desire for immediate responses. C．They are deeply influenced by the social media. D．They have a good understanding of the real word. 4．What can be concluded from the text? A．Accept things happen at their own pace. B．Go for instant response at any time. C．Make sure everything happens right away. D．Step back to see what has happened. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，本文讨论了现代科技与互联网带来的便利使人们变得更加急躁，无法耐心等待，尤其是对于那些习惯于即时回应的千禧一代和Z世代。文章建议我们需要适应现实世界中的等待，并认识到并非所有事情都需要立即完成。 1．词句猜测题。文章第二段后两句话“We have emails that literally travel around the world in seconds, and yet we still ask the recipient: Did you get it? Where is it? It should be there. A file that takes more than 10 seconds to download is considered a crime. (我们的电子邮件在几秒钟内就能传遍世界，但我们仍然会问收件人：你收到了吗？它应该发送过去了。下载时间超过10秒的文件将被视为犯罪。)”用生活中的实例来解释与印证第一句话，即现代消费科技和互联网进一步加剧了人们的不耐烦，使这种情况更糟糕。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后两句话“But waiting is a chain in our DNA that is breaking up. This leads to the toe tapping, fingers pianoing on the desk, pen chewing, and eventually hair-pulling as if the thought of waiting a few minutes will drive us mad. (但等待是我们DNA中正在断裂的一条链。这就导致了敲脚趾，手指在桌子上弹钢琴，咬笔，最后拉头发，好像等上几分钟就会让我们发疯似的。)”可知，当人们面对线上等位的时候会有种种不耐烦的表现，如脚敲地，手敲桌子，咬钢笔等，好像一想到还得等几分钟就会让我们发疯，我们天生就不喜欢等待，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段前三句话“Millennials and Gen Z are products of an instant-response childhood. They’ve long lived in a world where their every thought is met with instant response in texts and social media. In real life, these same people have no idea how to wait for a response. (千禧一代和Z世代是快速反应童年的产物。长期以来，他们一直生活在这样一个世界里：他们的每一个想法都会在短信和社交媒体上得到即时回应。在现实生活中，这些人不知道如何等待回应。)”可知，千禧一代和Z世代渴望得到即时回应，故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“When people say slow down, take a breath, they usually mean that you should step back from a busy moment. But this should also include stepping back from your instant-access existence to see that not everything can happen right away. Most of the time, it just doesn’t need to. (当人们说慢下来，深呼吸时，他们通常的意思是你应该从忙碌的时刻退后一步。但这也应该包括从即时访问的存在中退一步，看到不是所有事情都可以立即发生。大多数时候，它根本不需要。)”可知，我们应该明白并非所有事情都能马上发生而且大多数时候，也没必要这样，我们应该学会等待，学会接受万事发生皆有时，故选A。 说明文之人与自然 （23-24高一下·广东广州·期末）In the classic mirror test, an animal is marked on an area of the body by scientists and then placed before a mirror. If the animal touches or explores the mark, it is taken as an indication that it regards the reflected image as an image of itself, rather than of another animal. Now, scientists have carried out the experiment with two species of snakes: 18 African ball pythons and 36 eastern garter snakes. Because of snakes’ poor ability to see, the researchers adapted the classic mirror test. They collected five scents: The snake’s own scent, its own scent mixed with olive oil, the scent of pure olive oil, the scent of another snake and the scent of another snake mixed with olive oil. African ball pythons spent a similar amount of time with each scent. But eastern garter snakes paid much more attention to their own scent that had been mixed with that of olive oil. The scientists suggest the garter snakes recognized themselves by noticing the unexpected change in their smell. “They only do long tongue flicks (轻弹) when they’re interested in something,” Miller says “I think their experimental model is more powerful than the mirror test,” Rulon Clark, a biologist, says. “A highly reflective mirrored surface doesn’t have a lot of equals in the natural environment. But researching chemical signals like scents left by a species and its fellow members well informs ourselves about how the species learns about itself and interacts with the environment.” Researchers conducted a similar study in 2021 with 24 eastern garter snakes. Instead of scents and olive oil, they observed the snakes’ interest in cage liners (衬垫) — their own, versus those of other snakes with both similar and dissimilar diets. By observing how long a snake flicked its tongue before each liner, that team also showed that the snakes focused on their own scents more than others’. “Snakes are believed to be boring animals that are not very smart, but our research shows that they display many of the same clever features as other animals. We can make progress in this field if we respect the species’ biology and way of dealing with the world and ask the right questions,” Gordon Burghardt, the study’s lead author, says. 1．What is the classic mirror test intended to test about animals? A．Natural changes in their looks. B．Their self-recognition ability. C．Differences in their vision. D．Their adaptability. 2．How did the researchers adapt the mirror test for snakes? A．By adding mirror types. B．By including two species. C．By giving them vision training. D．By relying on their sense of smell. 3．Why is the new experimental model considered more powerful? A．It enables deeper exploration of animal behavior. B．It can drive better treatment of chemical scents. C．It benefits nature protection during studies. D．It can reduce competition among species. 4．What inspiration does Gordon Burghardt probably want to share? A．Trying to learn from research failures. B．Exploring less-noticed research topics. C．Designing species-specific research methods. D．Exchanging ideas with scientists in different fields. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。科学家通过改良的“镜子测试”发现，东部束带蛇能通过嗅觉识别自己，挑战了蛇智力有限的普遍观念。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“In the classic mirror test, an animal is marked on an area of the body by scientists and then placed before a mirror. If the animal touches or explores the mark, it is taken as an indication that it regards the reflected image as an image of itself, rather than of another animal.(在经典的镜子测试中，科学家在动物身体的某个部位做上标记，然后把动物放在镜子前。如果动物触摸或探索标记，这就表明它把反射的图像看作是自己的图像，而不是其他动物的图像)”可知，经典镜子测试是为了测试动物的自我识别能力。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Because of snakes’ poor ability to see, the researchers adapted the classic mirror test. They collected five scents: The snake’s own scent, its own scent mixed with olive oil, the scent of pure olive oil, the scent of another snake and the scent of another snake mixed with olive oil.(由于蛇的视觉能力很差，研究人员采用了经典的镜子测试。他们收集了五种气味：蛇自己的气味、蛇自己混合橄榄油的气味、纯橄榄油的气味、另一条蛇的气味和另一条蛇混合橄榄油的气味)”可知，科学家调整了原有的“镜子测试”，转而测试蛇的味觉感知能力。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“A highly reflective mirrored surface doesn’t have a lot of equals in the natural environment. But researching chemical signals like scents left by a species and its fellow members well informs ourselves about how the species learns about itself and interacts with the environment.(高反射率的镜面在自然环境中并没有很多相同的东西。但是，研究一个物种及其同伴留下的气味等化学信号，可以让我们很好地了解这个物种是如何了解自己以及与环境相互作用的)”可知，传统测试中使用的镜子在动物生存环境中并不常见，而动物身上的化学信息有助于人类了解动物的自我认识及与环境的互动，可知新模型有助于人类对动物行为的深度探索。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Snakes are believed to be boring animals that are not very smart, but our research shows that they display many of the same clever features as other animals. We can make progress in this field if we respect the species’ biology and way of dealing with the world and ask the right questions,” Gordon Burghardt, the study’s lead author, says.(“蛇被认为是一种无聊的动物，不太聪明，但我们的研究表明，它们表现出许多与其他动物相同的聪明特征。如果我们尊重物种的生物学和与世界打交道的方式，并提出正确的问题，我们就能在这一领域取得进展，”该研究的主要作者戈登·伯格哈特说)”可推知，Gordon Burghardt想说明研究者应采用与物种生物特性匹配的研究方法。故选C。 （23-24高一下·辽宁·期末）Do you often have seafood like crabs? What will you do with the crab shells (壳) after your big seafood dinner? Scientists have a wonderful way to deal with it. They want to use a chemical found in crab shells to make batteries (电池) greener. “We think both the biodegradability of material, or environmental impact and the performance of the batteries are important for a good product,” said Liangbing Hu, director of the University of Maryland’s Center for Materials Innovation. As nowadays people care about the environment more and more and tend to use green energy and electric cars, the batteries being used for such technology also need to be eco-friendly. But the chemicals used in traditional batteries such as lithium-ion can take hundreds or thousands of years to break down. These chemicals are also harmful and easy to burn. In some cases, batteries have caught fire on aircraft, or caused fires in waste and recycling sites. The researchers in Maryland have developed batteries that use a chemical, chitin, taken from crab shells. This material is valuable, but usually thrown away as food waste from restaurants. Scientists have long been researching its various applications. Through chemical processing, chitin can finally be turned into a piece of firm gel (凝胶), which is suitable to be used for a battery. By mixing it with zinc, a bluish-white metal increasingly used to make batteries that are cheap and safe, Hu’s team was able to create a renewable battery. The batteries are not easy to burn and two thirds of the battery can break down in the earth in just five months, leaving behind recyclable zinc. Antonio J Fernández Romero, a professor of materials science for energy production at the University of Cartagena in Spain, who was not involved in the study, said, “A new battery that is environment-friendly and cheap, is one of the more important products that must be developed in the coming years.” 1．Why does the author ask the questions in Paragraph 1? A．To attract readers with a taste for seafood. B．To encourage us to explore science. C．To call on us to protect the environment. D．To introduce the eco-friendly battery. 2．What does the underlined word “biodegradability ”in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．The ability to produce electricity. B．The ability to be transformed. C．The ability to be broken down. D．The ability to be folded. 3．What can we infer from Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4? A．The material from crab shells is collected by restaurants. B．Chitin has been applied to many fields in different industries. C．Traditional batteries are neither safe nor environment-friendly. D．Chitin is valuable because crabs are not cheap in the restaurants. 4．What’s Romero’s attitude towards the new battery’s future? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Objective. D．Uncertain. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一种利用螃蟹壳制作的环保电池。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Do you often have seafood like crabs? What will you do with the crab shells (壳) after your big seafood dinner? Scientists have a wonderful way to deal with it. They want to use a chemical found in crab shells to make batteries (电池) greener.(你经常吃螃蟹之类的海鲜吗？在你丰盛的海鲜晚餐之后，你会怎么处理蟹壳呢？科学家们有一个很好的方法来解决这个问题。他们想用一种在蟹壳中发现的化学物质来使电池更环保)”可知，第一段中的问题是为了引入环保电池。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“The batteries are not easy to burn and two thirds of the battery can break down in the earth in just five months, leaving behind recyclable zinc.(这种电池不易燃烧，在短短5个月内，三分之二的电池会在土壤中分解，留下可回收的锌)”可知，这种环保电池5个月内三分之二的电池会在土壤中分解，留下可回收的锌，即具有被分解的能力。故划线词意思是“被分解的能力”。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“But the chemicals used in traditional batteries such as lithium-ion can take hundreds or thousands of years to break down. These chemicals are also harmful and easy to burn. In some cases, batteries have caught fire on aircraft, or caused fires in waste and recycling sites.(但传统电池（如锂离子电池）中使用的化学物质可能需要数百年或数千年才能分解。这些化学物质也是有害的，容易燃烧。在某些情况下，电池在飞机上起火，或在废物和回收场引发火灾)”可知，传统电池既不安全也不环保。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Antonio J Fernández Romero, a professor of materials science for energy production at the University of Cartagena in Spain, who was not involved in the study, said, “A new battery that is environment-friendly and cheap, is one of the more important products that must be developed in the coming years.”(西班牙卡塔赫纳大学能源生产材料科学教授Antonio J . Romero)没有参与这项研究，他说：“一种既环保又便宜的新型电池是未来几年必须开发的更重要的产品之一。”)”可知，罗梅罗对新电池的未来持积极态度。故选A。 （23-24高一下·内蒙古赤峰·期末）To communicate without words, humans use a host of gestures—whether a wave to wish someone goodbye or a thumbs-up to indicate approval. Now researchers have found, in a particularly polite example, the first documented evidence of a symbolic gesture used by birds. Some birds seem to flutter (拍翅膀) their wings to tell their mates they should enter the nest first, suggesting that the animals may communicate with a variety of gestures. Toshitaka Suzuki at the University of Tokyo and his colleagues set up hundreds of nest boxes in a forest populated with Japanese tits (山雀) near the town of Karuizawa. Each box had a 7.5-centimetre-wide hole, just big enough for one bird to squeeze through at a time. During breeding season, the team observed 321 nest visits across eight breeding pairs, with the tits often bringing food for their baby birds. If a bird couple arrived at the nest together, each tit would land on a nearby branch before entering. About 40 percent of the time, the female fluttered her wings for a few seconds, with her chest facing the male. This was quickly followed by the male entering the nest first, then the female. When neither bird fluttered its wings, which made up 44 percent of nest visitations, the females usually entered first. Only one male was seen repeatedly fluttering its wings, which was followed by the female entering first. Wing fluttering wasn’t observed at all when each bird arrived separately. The team believes that this discovery conflicts with earlier beliefs that only a few species use gestures to communicate. “They’ve done a really good job here of showing there is an association between this movement, this gesture, and then… the other bird doing something,” says Mike Webster, an ornithologist at Cornell University, who was not involved in the research. “It’s a really strong support to the notion that it’s a symbolic gesture. The bird that’s the receiver knows what it means, and it does what it’s supposed to do.” “We can conclude that this wing fluttering conveys ‘after you’.” says Suzuki. “This study is the first to show us clearly by evidence that birds can use wing movements to convey a particular meaning.” 1．What is the aim of Toshitaka Suzuki’s experiment? A．To find how the birds wings work in the wind. B．To observe whether birds treat their mates politely. C．To research whether birds can use symbolic gestures D．To prove whether birds can communicate with each other. 2．According to paragraph 2, why do tits flutter their wings? A．To show direction to the other bird. B．To signal their mates to enter the nest. C．To dry off their wings after flying in the rain. D．To scare away potential predators near the nest. 3．How do the researchers conduct the study on Japanese tits? A．By listing some examples. B．By reviewing previous data. C．By observing and comparing. D．By analyzing cause and effect 4．What’s the attitude of Mike Webster toward the study? A．Favorable. B．Opposed. C．Doubtful. D．Disappointed. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员发现鸟类使用象征性姿势交流的首个证据，揭示了日本山雀拍打翅膀示意伴侣优先入巢的习性。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Now researchers have found, in a particularly polite example, the first documented evidence of a symbolic gesture used by birds. Some birds seem to flutter(拍翅膀) their wings to tell their mates they should enter the nest first, suggesting that the animals may communicate with a variety of gestures.(现在，研究人员在一个特别礼貌的例子中发现了鸟类使用象征性示意动作的第一个记录证据。有些鸟似乎会扇动翅膀，告诉它们的伴侣应该先进入巢穴，这表明这些动物可能会通过各种示意动作进行交流)”可知，Toshitaka Suzuki的实验目的是研究鸟类是否能使用象征性示意动作进行交流。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“About 40 percent of the time, the female fluttered her wings for a few seconds, with her chest facing the male. This was quickly followed by the male entering the nest first, then the female.(大约40%的时间里，雌鸟会拍打它的翅膀几秒钟，胸朝向雄鸟。这之后很快，雄鸟便会首先进入巢穴，接着是雌鸟)”可知，山雀拍打翅膀是为了向其伴侣发出信号，让它们先进入巢穴。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中“During breeding season, the team observed 321 nest visits across eight breeding pairs, with the tits often bringing food for their baby birds. If a bird couple arrived at the nest together, each tit would land on a nearby branch before entering. About 40 percent of the time, the female fluttered her wings for a few seconds, with her chest facing the male. This was quickly followed by the male entering the nest first, then the female. When neither bird fluttered its wings, which made up 44 percent of nest visitations, the females usually entered first. Only one male was seen repeatedly fluttering its wings, which was followed by the female entering first. Wing fluttering wasn’t observed at all when each bird arrived separately.(在繁殖季节，研究团队对八对育雏的鸟夫妻进行了观察，记录了321次巢穴访问，其间山雀经常为它们的幼鸟带来食物。如果一对鸟儿一同到达巢穴，它们都会先落在附近的树枝上，然后再进入巢内。大约40%的情况下，雌鸟会面向雄鸟胸部位置拍打翅膀几秒钟。之后紧接着是雄鸟先入巢，随后雌鸟进入。在44%的巢穴访问中，若两只鸟都不拍打翅膀，通常是雌鸟先进入。只观察到一只雄鸟会反复拍打翅膀，之后雌鸟会先入巢。当每只鸟分别到达时，完全没有观察到翅膀拍打的行为)”可知，研究团队观察和比较了不同情境下鸟类进入巢穴的顺序，从而得出结论，这表明研究方法是通过观察和比较来进行的。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段Mike Webster的评论“They’ve done a really good job here of showing there is an association between this movement, this gesture, and then… the other bird doing something(他们在这里做得非常好，展示了这种动作、这种姿态与另一只鸟随之做出某种行为之间的关联)”“It’s a really strong support to the notion that it’s a symbolic gesture. The bird that’s the receiver knows what it means, and it does what it’s supposed to do.(这强有力地支持了这样一个观点，即这是一种象征性的姿态。接收信号的鸟明白其含义，并据此做出它该做的行为)”可知，他对这项研究持赞同态度。故选A。 （23-24高一下·河北·期末）Climate change is a big problem for corals (珊瑚虫). I dive to find out. By keeping track of corals in French Polynesia, I hope to determine how much stress they’re under. Coral reefs are like underwater cities made up of tiny animals called corals. They are in symbiosis with tiny plants called algae (海藻). The algae make food for the corals using sunlight. This is called photosynthesis (光合作用). In return, corals produce carbon dioxide and waste, which can be used by the algae as raw materials for photosynthesis. In French Polynesia, there’s a place called Moorea where scientists study corals. My colleagues and I use special floating platforms to look at the corals from different angles. This helps us find problems, like when other plants try to take over. Two types of coral, Acropora pulchra and Acropora cytherea, are being studied. The pulchra stays its usual dark yellow color, but the cytherea, which is usually light brown or purple, has turned white. This white color is not good. It happens when the water gets too warm for too long. The corals get stressed and push out the algae. Without the algae, the corals can’t get food and they turn white, which can lead to them dying. When my colleagues and I go diving, we use a plastic sheet to help us look at the corals and write down what we see. We check the water temperature, the color of the corals, and if we see any signs of the corals being in trouble. Some corals seem to be stronger and can handle warmer water better than others. We want to find out why this is, so we can help protect corals. But the best way to help corals is to stop pollution and global warming, which are making the oceans too warm for them. 1．Why does the author keep track of corals? A．He loves sea animals. B．He is crazy about corals. C．He wants to study the survival condition of corals. D．He wants to be free of stress. 2．What does the underlined word “symbiosis” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Competition for resources. B．Living together in harmony. C．In support of the development. D．Improvement without providing benefit. 3．What will happen when the water temperature rises above normal? A．The corals will lose the source of food. B．The coral will stay its purple color. C．Two kinds of coral will turn white. D．Some corals will become stronger. 4．What is the key to protecting corals in the author’s opinion? A．Protecting more sea plants. B．Putting more effort into coral research. C．Reducing pollution and stop global warming. D．Figuring out the relationship between corals and algae. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者对于珊瑚生存条件的研究以及呼吁保护珊瑚。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“By keeping track of corals in French Polynesia, I hope to determine how much stress they’re under.(通过追踪法属波利尼西亚的珊瑚，我希望能确定它们承受了多大的压力)”可知，作者追踪珊瑚是因为他想研究珊瑚的生存条件。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“The algae make food for the corals using sunlight. This is called photosynthesis (光合作用). In return, corals produce carbon dioxide and waste, which can be used by the algae as raw materials for photosynthesis.(藻类利用阳光为珊瑚提供食物。这叫做光合作用。作为回报，珊瑚产生二氧化碳和废物，藻类可以将其用作光合作用的原料)”可知，藻类和珊瑚互相帮助，和睦相处。故划线词意思是“和睦相处”。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“It happens when the water gets too warm for too long. The corals get stressed and push out the algae. Without the algae, the corals can’t get food and they turn white, which can lead to them dying.(当水太热太久时就会发生这种情况。珊瑚受到压力，把藻类挤出来。没有藻类，珊瑚就无法获得食物，它们会变白，这可能导致它们死亡)”可知，当水温超过正常时，珊瑚会失去食物来源。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But the best way to help corals is to stop pollution and global warming, which are making the oceans too warm for them.(但帮助珊瑚的最好方法是阻止污染和全球变暖，这使得海洋对它们来说太热了)”可知，在作者看来，保护珊瑚的关键是减少污染，阻止全球变暖。故选C。 （23-24高一下·河北·期末）After Miles Fetherston-Resch learned that sharks were in trouble, he was confused by how people treated the oceans and the creatures that lived in them. “I saw a polluted beach,” he said. “The adults are doing something about it. Why can’t I?” With the help of his mom, Miles then started an organization called Kids Saving Oceans. What started with $13 from his piggy bank as a 6-year-old boy has grown to $26,000 raised for ocean conservation (保护). He would sell things like hats, T-shirts and water bottles made out of recycled materials for a good cause. Before he turned 18, he wanted to raise $1million for ocean conservation organizations. Miles, now 12, is in the business of saving oceans. Miles has even met with leaders in Washington, D．C． and helped co-write a book called Kids Saving Oceans: Olivia Makes a Difference. “It’s about a kid named Olivia and she doesn’t want to just help her dad in the kitchen. She wants to change the world a little bit so she does her research and finds out the oceans are in trouble. She starts with a basic beach cleanup and it rockets off from there,” Miles said. Madeline Stoddard, Miles’ teacher, said other students in her classroom were inspired by Miles. “It shows that it doesn’t matter how young you are. Everyone can do something to create change,” Madeline said. Miles lives in Florida now. He has loved the ocean for as long as he can remember. He said, “Getting into conservation was just kind of personal to me.” But to other kids who want to do this kind of work, he said, “If you have an idea, go for it. The worst thing you can do is have it not work out. And that’s not a loss.” 1．Why was the Kids Saving Oceans established? A．To save animals. B．To make big money. C．To protect the oceans. D．To influence the adults. 2．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．Olivia was too busy to help her dad. B．Miles and Olivia have the same goal. C．The book is about recycled materials. D．Olivia failed to save the oceans at first. 3．Which of the following can best describe Miles? A．Confident and active. B．Friendly and graceful. C．Inspiring and curious. D．Patient and successful. 4．What does the author want to tell us in the last paragraph? A．Every cloud has a silver lining. B．The early bird catches the worm. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．Nothing risked, nothing gained. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了迈尔斯创办了一个名为“拯救海洋的孩子”的组织来保护海洋。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“With the help of his mom, Miles then started an organization called Kids Saving Oceans. What started with $13 from his piggy bank as a 6-year-old boy has grown to $26,000 raised for ocean conservation (保护). (在妈妈的帮助下，迈尔斯创办了一个名为“孩子们拯救海洋”的组织。从他6岁时从储蓄罐里拿出的13美元开始，他已经为海洋保护筹集了2.6万美元。)”可知，成立孩子们拯救海洋是为了保护海洋。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Miles has even met with leaders in Washington, D. C. and helped co-write a book called Kids Saving Oceans: Olivia Makes a Difference. “It’s about a kid named Olivia and she doesn’t want to just help her dad in the kitchen. She wants to change the world a little bit so she does her research and finds out the oceans are in trouble. She starts with a basic beach cleanup and it rockets off from there,” Miles said. (迈尔斯甚至会见了华盛顿特区的领导人，并参与撰写了一本名为《孩子们拯救海洋：奥利维亚与众不同》的书。“这是关于一个名叫奥利维亚的孩子，她不想只是在厨房里帮她爸爸。她想改变这个世界，所以她做了一些研究，发现海洋遇到了麻烦。她从基本的海滩清理开始，从那里开始。”迈尔斯说。)”可知，迈尔斯和奥利维亚有相同的目标。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段““I saw a polluted beach,” he said. “The adults are doing something about it. Why can’t I?” (“我看到了一个被污染的海滩，”他说。“大人们正在为此做些什么。我为什么不能呢？”)”以及最后一段“But to other kids who want to do this kind of work, he said, “If you have an idea, go for it. The worst thing you can do is have it not work out. And that’s not a loss.” (但对于其他想做这种工作的孩子，他说：“如果你有想法，就去做吧。你能做的最糟糕的事情就是没有成功。这不是损失。”)”可知，迈尔斯自信、积极。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“He said, “Getting into conservation was just kind of personal to me.” But to other kids who want to do this kind of work, he said, “If you have an idea, go for it. The worst thing you can do is have it not work out. And that’s not a loss.” (他说：“进入环保行业对我来说有点私人。”但对于其他想做这种工作的孩子，他说：“如果你有想法，就去做吧。你能做的最糟糕的事情就是没有成功。这不是损失。”)”可知，作者在最后一段想告诉我们不冒险就没有收获。故选D。 试卷第1页，共3页 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$