专题07 七选五15篇-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末真题分类汇编（人教版2019）

专题07 七选五15篇 题号 主题 难度 话题 1 人与自我 容易 语言与文化 2 人与自我 适中 方法/策略,危险与安全 3 人与自我 适中 方法/策略,说明文 4 人与自我 适中 阅读 5 人与自我 适中 语言学习策略,方法/策略 6 人与社会 适中 个人保健,科普知识 7 人与社会 容易 社会关系 8 人与社会 较难 情绪,社会关系 9 人与社会 适中 旅游观光 10 人与社会 适中 友谊,方法/策略 11 人与自然 适中 方法/策略,人与动植物 12 人与自然 较难 动物,气候变化及影响 13 人与自然 适中 环境保护,方法/策略 14 人与自然 适中 人与动植物,科普知识 15 人与自然 适中 天体和宇宙,航空航天 七选五之人与自我 （23-24高二下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）The woman bringing Mandarin to Uganda Wang Lihong Sooma, who moved to East Africa from China more than two decades ago, is determined to teach Ugandans how to speak Mandarin (普通话). 1 The first 30 teachers have now completed their training and have started holding Mandarin classes in schools across the country. Forty more teachers are now enrolled (入学) and classes start at 8:00 and finish at 22:00 from Monday to Friday. 2 However, Pavin Mulokwa, a teacher from Mbarara, sees it as an opportunity to broaden her job prospects. Another trainee, Praise Twebaze, agrees and hopes it will enable him to travel too. 3 Gao Yahui, who has been teaching Mandarin in Uganda for a year, says it has changed her understanding of Africa. From Xi’an city in central China, the 39-year-old left her husband and child behind to come and teach but was warned by her family and friends not to because of “diseases and war”. “ 4 When I go back to China, I will introduce the real Africa to the people in China and change their way of looking at Africa.” Wang’s goal is to have 100 teachers trained up and teaching Mandarin in 60 Ugandan schools by 2023. She sees it as a win-win situation, giving the example of how Chinese have benefited from learning English. “ 5 We learnt their technology and skills and then we developed.” A．They learn our language. B．I just think in the same way. C．We learnt their language and we understood them. D．When I came here, it changed my fixed ideas about African people. E．It is not just Ugandans who see this course as a life-changing opportunity. F．She and her husband are organising nine-month courses for teachers to learn Mandarin. G．To become fluent and be able to teach a language within nine months is a huge undertaking. （23-24高二下·山东威海·期末）Campus loan generally refers to a private loan given to a college student on the campus. Internet lenders, most of whom are loan sharks (高利贷者), offer such loans to students who need the money to meet their college and other expenses. 1 But these loans come with high interest and often with collateral security (抵押担保), which has included naked photographs of female students. Not being mature enough to read the trap attached to such loans, many students have fallen prey to the loan sharks. 2 In that case, college students should first learn to recognize the dangers. They should realize that by applying for an “internet loan”, they themselves are leaking their personal information, including their national ID and student ID card numbers and bank details. 3 For example, they may trick them into signing a contract (合同) for a huge loan, but lending them only a small amount. In order to avoid the dangers, the students should limit their consumption to what they really need, increase their financial knowledge and learn how to protect themselves using legal means. To begin with, before applying for a loan, the students should carefully compare the financial service information and the extra fees different internet lenders charge on loans. 4 More important, they should analyze the actual interest and the fine for not paying the interest on time, and properly keep the loan certificate. Also, when the students are threatened with physical violence to repay the loan, they should record the conversation and report it to the police in time. 5 Moreover, the students should learn to protect their privacy. And they should avoid the misuse of their personal information by other people to avoid getting involved in financial crimes. A．Campus loan is in essence a private loan. B．Campus loans come with many, hidden legal risks. C．Some internet lenders even promote so-called job-hunting loan. D．Besides, some internet lenders use loan tricks to cheat the students. E．These loans are popular due to their easy application and approval. F．This way, those issuing such threats can be held responsible for their actions. G．They should also carefully read and understand the contract before signing it. （23-24高二下·山东德州·期末）It is rightly said “Time and Tide wait for none”. But a number of people today have difficulty successfully managing time. 1 Now let’s take a look at a list of 4 skills you should master about time management. Set priorities. Write out all the tasks you need to get through for the day and then prioritize them in accordance with their level of significance. 2 Meanwhile, it also assists to guarantee that the most important things are done on time. 3 Certain activities, though seemingly harmless, significantly affect productivity. Instagram and Facebook, for instance, could easily consume hours that are better spent on studying or rest. To combat this, using time management tools that track how much time you spend online highlights areas for improvement. Do less. This is a trick from Leo Babauta, who started the blog Zen Habits. In his opinion, doing less doesn't mean “less is more”. It means “less is better”. 4 This is achieved by slowing down and concentrating only on those things. Once you do, make every action count. As a result, you'll be creating more value instead of just fodder. Relax at Appropriate Intervals. Control your performance over time by taking more pauses. According to Nathaniel Kleitman, a sleep scientist, “our brains naturally desire rest after every 90 minutes of hard activity.” Your mind will let you understand that you require a break when you start to feel sleepy, restless, hungry or lose concentration regardless of whether or not you have such a timer set. 5 Embrace these strategies, adapt them to your specific needs, and reclaim control over your time management. Your future self will thank you for it! A．Stay creative. B．Eliminate Time-wasters. C．Be aware of what needs to be done. D．You can not apply that to time management. E．It may improve the chances of achieving objectives. F．You realize it’s time to step back when you start feeling like this. G．This in turn, leads to a decline in production as well as a rise in their anxiety levels. （23-24高二下·四川宜宾·期末）To read poetry like a poet A great poem can be there for you. It can help you process sadness, anger or fear. 1 . Franny Choi, an educator, says some poems make her “get out of my chair and shout it from the rooftops.” Here are tips to help you meaningfully connect to a poem. Don’t approach poetry like it’s school. The way to engage with a poem taught in school is by trying to understand it, master it and take an exam, which keeps us from developing personal relationships with poetry. 2 , due to no quiz at the end! Don’t worry about “getting it”. People often pressure themselves to interpret a poem, or figure out what the poet conveyed. Don’t do it, says Mullen, a poet and professor. 3 : what overall impression do you get? What ideas float around in mind? “Those overall impressions, I think most of us do get,” says Mullen. Read it out loud. “Poetry was an oral art form before anything else,” says Choi. “And much information can be gained from reading poems loud.” As an exercise, try reading a poem aloud in different ways: like tasting every word and every syllable; like explaining something tough to someone else. 4 . 5 . A poem might offer visual imagery. If not, go ahead and fill them in with your imagination. “Think of the poem like a movie director,” says Mullen, “What colors would you use? What kind of setting is there?” These brain pictures will illuminate whatever it is you seem to be getting out of the poem. A．Visualize the poem B．Read a bunch of poetry C．So rest easy when reading a poem D．Or make you feel happy or excited E．Instead, ask about your opinion of the poem F．Or better yet, head to your local poetry circle G．It may help further your knowledge of the poem （23-24高二下·江西·期末）Learning a foreign language can be difficult, but if you follow certain techniques, you’ll be able to learn any language soon. Although there’s no easy way to go about it, with some hard work and practice, you can be fluent in the near future. Learn from your past experience. If you’ve learned languages in the past, go over what you learned then and try to figure out what was most effective for you. 1 What didn’t? Which parts of the process did you find easy? Which parts were hard? When you’ve sorted this out, you’ll be ready to start learning the language. Study English Phonology (音系学). English Phonology deals with English pronunciation. 2 You can find many websites and online videos on English Phonology. Relate English pronunciation with other language pronunciation. Pay attention to the grammar. 3 “Paul want Mary go store” may communicate an idea, but it is not at all correct English. If you do not pay attention to grammar, you can sound equally incomprehensible in another language. 4 Just imagine you went to a shopping center. Then think how you would interact with people. Write the whole conversation in your native language then translate every sentence into the required language. Memorize 30 words and phrases each day. Start with the most common words. Memorization is half the battle and there are many different ways to memorize. You can practice writing each word a dozen times. 5 A．What helped you learn? B．Speak with native speakers. C．What is the best method suitable for you? D．This way will get you used to using the word itself. E．It helps in understanding pronunciation of other languages. F．Translate your daily spoken native language into the required language. G．This is probably the most important part of the language besides the vocabulary. 七选五之人与社会 （23-24高二下·吉林松原·期末）The Importance of Regular Eye Exams Regular eye exams are just as important as maintaining good eye care habits. Here are some convincing reasons why you should schedule your next eye check-up. Prevention is better than cure. Routine eye exams are crucial for maintaining healthy vision and detecting issues early on. 1 Your doctor will provide you with personalized advice and recommendations. The goal of an eye exam is to identify and address potential problems before they become more serious. You’ve noticed a change in your vision. 2 Whether it’s blurred (模糊的) vision, difficulty seeing at a distance, or reading fine print, these could be signs of an underlying eye condition that needs to be addressed. 3 Spending too much time on digital devices can impact your eye health. Long hours of exposure to digital devices can cause digital eye strain (眼疲劳), which may lead to symptoms such as headaches, dry eyes, and discomfort after extended use. You will experience discomfort or dryness in your eyes. Your doctor can provide tips on relieving eye strain from screen time. These symptoms of dry eye or other conditions require medical attention. 4 You’re due for an update on your eyesight. 5 Even if you don’t notice any changes in your vision, it’s important to have your eyes checked regularly to ensure you have the correct lenses for best vision. A．You might need new glasses. B．Ignoring them could worsen the problem. C．You spend a lot of time in front of screens. D．Your doctor can help you find the right glasses for your needs. E．However, early detection and treatment can prevent vision loss. F．You’ve recently been diagnosed with a condition that could affect your vision. G．It’s important to have regular check-ups to monitor any changes in your eyes. （23-24高二下·河北·期末）How to Tolerate Those You Have a Personality Conflict With? Living or working with people who have very different personalities or beliefs from you can present challenges. 1 Here are some strategics to help you navigate these difficult interactions and maintain healthy relationships and a harmonious environment. 2 In many cases, a personality conflict arises because of expectations, differences of opinion, or some other underlying issues. Consider if you’ve had a bad experience with the person, or if you’re relying on rumors (谣言) or someone else’s conflict to inform your opinion on the person. Figuring out the roots may help you realize that your conflict is foolish. Get to know the person. Every person has their own perspectives that are formed based on their experiences. Consider where this person is coming from through his or her behaviors. 3 Acknowledging that his or her perspectives differ from yours can help you to give the person a chance. Identify the virtues in the person. Holding on to negative thoughts and attitudes about another person is draining (使心力交瘁的). 4 Learn to see the positive in any person. Even the worst person has good qualities. It might take some time to recognize them, but being able to see the positive traits in a person can help you to shift your relationship with him or her. Limit interactions with the person. If you genuinely find it challenging to put up with someone, minimize interactions with him or her. There are different ways to achieve it. For example, if you are at social settings, don’t sit near him or her or move if he or she is close to you. Nevertheless, sometimes you have to engage with the person either professionally or personally. 5 A．Let go of your expectations. B．You are ultimately the judge of your situation. C．Determine the source of your conflict with the person. D．When you constantly harbor them, they can become stronger. E．Should this occur, remember to keep the contact civil and polite. F．Relevant context information can help you accept the person as he or she is. G．However, learning to tolerate and manage these differences is mentally crucial. （23-24高二下·广东惠州·期末）Social Phobia It’s natural to feel nervous, or shy in front of others at times. Most people manage to get through these moments when they need to. 1 It’s probably more than shyness. It may build up into a powerful fear. As a result, people feel uncomfortable participating in everyday social activities. This is called social phobia (also called social anxiety). 2 The condition in question acts as a formidable barrier that inhibits individuals from engaging in casual conversations with their peers within the confines of the dining hall, participating in extracurricular organizations that convene post-academic hours, or attending social gatherings. Occasionally, the intensity of their apprehension is such that they find themselves too overwhelmed with anxiety to pose inquiries during instructional sessions or seek the guidance of an educator. Social phobia, a pervasive anxiety disorder, serves not merely as an impediment to the pursuit of novel experiences and opportunities; it also obstructs individuals from partaking in the routine, quotidian errors that are instrumental in the refinement and enhancement of their competencies. These everyday missteps are, in fact, a natural and essential component of the learning process, enabling continuous growth and development in various skill sets. It is really sad, isn’t it? But the good news is that people with social phobia can learn to manage fear, develop confidence and communicating skills and stop avoiding things that make them nervous. Of course it’s not always easy. Dealing with social phobia takes patience, courage to face fears and the willingness to practice. 3 Therapists (治疗师) can help people create a plan for facing social fears and build the skills and confidence to overcome it. And family or friends are especially important for them. 4 Friends and family can encourage them to pick a small goal to aim for, remind them to go for it, and be there when they might feel discouraged. Good friends and family are there to celebrate each small success along the way. Little by little, someone who decides to deal with extreme shyness can learn to be more comfortable. 5 As shyness and fears begin to melt, confidence and positive feelings build. Pretty soon, the person is thinking less about what might feel uncomfortable and more about what might be fun. A．Friends can overcome their fears. B．But for some, the anxiety can be extreme. C．They are not able to make eye contact with classmates. D．Social phobia makes people lonely or disappointed over missed opportunities. E．It also takes a commitment to go forward rather than back away when feeling shy. F．Each small step forward helps build enough confidence to take the next small step. G．The support from those key people helps them gather the courage to try something new. （23-24高二下·甘肃兰州·期末）We set off on our journey up Mount Wutai onto its peak to appreciate the mysterious and beautiful Bodhisattva Lights, ball-shaped lights floating in the whole sky with radiant beams. Seen from the foot of the mountain, the sky was gray and cloudy. In the distance stood the peak (山顶), unclear. 1 On the mountainside, our clothing grew wet. The road was slippery and difficult to walk. It slowed the horses down to a heavy pace. We spent the night at a small hotel. 2 The road was more slippery than the day before, so we had no choice but to get down from our horses and walked on foot. On the way, we were told the unusual phenomenon wouldn’t be observed in the rain. We sighed with disappointment. 3 And the sun set in the west, the clouds disappeared and the mist faded. Eventually, we arrived at the peak, with the sky filled with stars. Late in the night, we got awake by a shout. “Get up. Hurry up to see the lights!” We moved quickly, threw on a few pieces of clothing and ran out. It was cold, making our bodies shake from head to foot. However, our hearts were filled with excitement. 4 Thousands of ball-shaped objects floated slowly in the distance, shining golden beams of light, as though the whole sky were filled with countless glowing lanterns. The balls moved across the sky at the same speed. 5 They were light and delicate. Meanwhile, we all just froze there, speechless with wonder, appreciating the incredible views. A．It seemed to rain soon. B．We had to stop for a shelter. C．Unexpectedly, the sky began to clear. D．They were like goldfish swimming calmly in water. E．The next morning, we continued our climb in the rain. F．Just before our eyes, the mysterious phenomenon appeared. G．It sometimes appeared in white mist, and sometimes was completely covered by clouds. （23-24高二下·广东深圳·期末）Developing and maintaining healthy friendships involves give-and-take. 1 Expressing your feelings of affection and gratitude towards your friends is a powerful way to reinforce the connections you share with them. It is equally crucial for you to embody the qualities of a supportive and considerate friend as it is to be surrounded by individuals who embody these traits. By acknowledging and valuing the presence and contributions of your friends in your life, you not only nurture your relationships but also create an environment of mutual respect and understanding. This reciprocal appreciation can lead to deeper, more meaningful friendships that stand the test of time. To nurture your friendships: Be kind. This most-basic behavior remains the core of successful relationships. 2 Every act of kindness and every expression of gratitude are deposits into this account, while criticism and negativity draw down the account. Be a good listener. 3 Let the other person know you are paying close attention through eye contact, body language and occasional brief comments such as, “That sounds fun.” When friends share details of hard times or difficult experiences, be empathetic, but don’t give advice unless your friends ask for it. Open up. Build intimacy with your friends by opening up about yourself. Being willing to disclose personal experiences and concerns shows that your friend holds a special place in your life, and it may deepen your connection. 4 Being responsible, reliable and dependable is key to forming strong friendships. You’re your engagements and arrive on time. Follow through on commitments you’ve made to your friends. When your friends share confidential information, keep it private. Make yourself available. 5 Make an effort to see new friends regularly, and to check in with them in between meet ups. You may feel awkward the first few times you talk on the phone or get together, but this feeling is likely to pass as you get more comfortable with each other. A．Show that you can be trusted. B．Ask what’s going on in your friends’ lives. C．Think of friendship as an emotional bank account. D．It’s never too late to reconnect with old friends. E．Building a close friendship takes time — together. F．Invest time in making friends and strengthening your friendships. G．Sometimes you’re the one giving support, and other times you’re on the receiving end. 七选五之人与自然 （23-24高二下·安徽阜阳·期末）Biodiversity doesn’t only revolve around species we consider rare and threatened but around every living being. 1 Here are some ways to protect biodiversity in your backyard garden. Pesticides are known to be poisonous to humans, animals, and the Earth. Thus, to protect biodiversity in your yard, avoid using harmful and poisonous chemicals. 2 These organic fertilizers provide the necessary nutrients needed for plant growth without harming the Earth. Prevention is the best way to discourage and deal with pests and diseases. Check your plants regularly for unwanted visitors. Another way to protect biodiversity in your garden is to create various habitats. To do so, you can choose to plant fruit trees or berry bushes and add a bird feeder or other open water sources. Perennials (多年生植物) can provide shelter for some species. 3 Plants grow better in their native habitats, where climate and soil are perfect for their development and growth. Plants also form symbiotic (共生的) relationships with other native plants that help them spread their seeds and discourage pests and diseases. 4 Easier to build such relationships, native plants require fewer resources to grow healthily compared to non-native plants. 5 Plants that aren’t native to your area can be invasive (侵入性的), take over your garden, and threaten the growth and survival of native plants. Their removal provides space for native plants to develop. These plants are part of the local ecosystem in your garden and provide habitat for other animals. A．Instead, turn to natural pest control and natural fertilizers. B．Insects aren’t the only reason for the great damage to your plants. C．Creating a flowering wall is a good way to beautify your backyard. D．Relationships like this help native plants defend themselves naturally. E．Balanced biodiversity in your yard positively impacts the environment. F．Removing invasive and non-native plants leaves more space for other plants. G．Even a dead tree can also serve as a habitat for insects, birds, and other animals. （23-24高二下·福建福州·期末）My, what a big beak you have! For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help to make the effects of a warmer world less harmful. 1 In a paper published in Trends & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, shows that is already. happening. Climate change is already changing the bodies of many animal species: bigger beaks (喙), limbs and ears. In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10%since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. 2 All that is perfectly consistent with evolutionary (进化) theory, “Allen’s rule”. Allen suggested it in 1877, holding that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger body parts than those in temperate (温带的) regions. 3 Being richly filled with blood vessels (血管), and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat. Ms. Ryding examined museum specimens (标本) to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical (解剖学的) changes. All sorts of other factors might have been driving the changes. Her team combined data from different species in different places. They have little in common apart from living on a warming planet. 4 For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%. 5 Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go. A．Therefore, climate change is the most reasonable explanation. B．That may change as warming accelerates (加速). C．Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviors. D．It seems that the future world is going to be hotter than humans are used to. E．Therefore, the negative effects of a warmer world are visible in these animals’ bodies. F．Such adaptations boost an animal’s surface area relative to its body, helping it to release extra heat. G．Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species of mice and bats evolving bigger ears, legs and wings. （23-24高二下·河北保定·期末）Embracing a Green Lifestyle Living a green lifestyle is not only beneficial for the environment but also for your health and wallet. Here are some steps to embrace a green lifestyle. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. 1 These three simple words can make a big difference in your daily life. Whether it’s using a reusable water bottle or shopping bag, these small actions can reduce waste and pollution. Conserve water and electricity. Be mindful of your water and electricity usage. 2 Simple habits like turning off the tap while brushing your teeth or switching off lights when not in use can save a lot of energy. 3 When shopping, opt for products that are made from sustainable materials and have minimal packaging. Remember to check the labels for certifications that indicate eco-friendliness. This not only helps to reduce waste but also supports companies that are committed to environmental protection. Grow your own food. Planting a small vegetable garden or even a few herbs in pots can be a rewarding experience. 4 It’s a great way to ensure you’re eating fresh and healthy food while also reducing your carbon footprint. Use public transportation, carpool, or bike. Instead of driving alone, consider using public transportation, carpooling, or biking to work or school. 5 This can significantly reduce your carbon emissions and improve air quality. A．Choose eco-friendly products. B．This is the essence of a green lifestyle. C．It’s easy to get started with these practices. D．Try to minimize the use of single-use items. E．Small changes can make a big impact on the environment. F．Make sure to choose products that are made by local companies. G．This can also be a fun and educational activity for the whole family. （23-24高二下·江苏南京·期末）There’s a belief that it is inadvisable to have plants in the bedroom. The concern is about how plants breathe. While plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen in the day, at night this is the opposite. 1 But to tell whether sharing our bedroom with our plants is a risk to health, we have to consider three things. 2 This is tricky to answer as it depends on everything from species to light levels and even room temperature, Also, there’s not much research on the exact measurements in indoor settings. Thankfully, in 2015, researchers at Turkey’s Kastamonu University found that houseplants like ficus (榕树) and yuccas (丝兰), when sealed (密封) in glass boxes, absorb between six and eight times as much CO2 in the day as they emit at night. This results in a significant net reduction over a full day. Secondly, we should compare the impact of plants on air quality with that of other potential competitors, such as a partner, A single human breath contains around 40,000 ppm of CO2, more than 10 times the effect a plant could have in 8 hours. 3 Also, consider this. Indoor plants grow in less light than they would ideally get in nature. So, they photosynthesize (光合作用) at a lower rate. This further reduces their impact on air quality. Finally, it is obvious that we don’t live in the sealed boxes in which these studies are carried out. 4 Even our movements can influence its flow. In conclusion, the plant effect in our homes is very small in many ways. 5 If sleeping near plants were bad for your health, camping in a forest would be definitely deadly. A．Firstly, how do plants breathe at night? B．So enjoy houseplants whenever you like. C．Firstly, do plants emit more CO2 at night? D．Camping can be a good escape if you are worried. E．This means they compete with us for air when we sleep. F．Indoor air is constantly exchanged through doors and windows. G．So you might want to send your partner away before your plants. （23-24高二下·江西抚州·期末）A satellite is an object in space that orbits around another. It has two kinds—natural satellites and artificial satellites. 1 while artificial satellites are those made by man. Despite their widespread impact on daily life, artificial satellites mainly depend on different complicated makeups. On the outside, they may look like a wheel, equipped with solar panels or sails. Inside, 2 , which include whatever tools the satellites need to perform their work. Among them, high-resolution cameras and communication electronics are typical ones. Besides, the part that carries the load and holds all the parts together is called the bus. 3 . Computers function as the satellite’s brain, which receive information, interpret it, and send messages back to the earth. Advanced digital cameras serve as the satellite’s eyes. Sensors are other important parts that not only recognize light, heat, and gases, but also record changes in what is being observed. Radios on the satellite send information back to the earth. Solar panels provide electrical power for the computers and other equipment. Artificial satellites use gravity to stay in their orbits. 4 . To stay in the earth’s orbit, the speed of a satellite must adjust to the tiniest changes in the pull of gravity. The satellite’s speed works against earth’s gravity just enough so that it doesn’t go speeding into space or falling back to the earth. Rockets carry satellites to different types and heights of orbits, based on the tasks they need to perform. 5 , which can be 200-500 miles high. The closer to the earth, the stronger the gravity is. Therefore, these satellites must travel at about 17,000 miles per hour to keep themselves from falling back to the earth, while higher-orbiting satellites can travel more slowly. A．Satellites closer to the earth are in low-earth orbit B．Artificial satellites come in many shapes and size C．Examples of natural satellites are the Earth and Moon D．they have different tools to perform different functions E．the satellites contain mission-specific scientific instruments F．Earth’s gravity pulls everything toward the center of the planet G．Artificial satellites operate in a systematic way just like humans 试卷第1页，共3页 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题07 七选五15篇 题号 主题 难度 话题 1 人与自我 容易 语言与文化 2 人与自我 适中 方法/策略,危险与安全 3 人与自我 适中 方法/策略,说明文 4 人与自我 适中 阅读 5 人与自我 适中 语言学习策略,方法/策略 6 人与社会 适中 个人保健,科普知识 7 人与社会 容易 社会关系 8 人与社会 较难 情绪,社会关系 9 人与社会 适中 旅游观光 10 人与社会 适中 友谊,方法/策略 11 人与自然 适中 方法/策略,人与动植物 12 人与自然 较难 动物,气候变化及影响 13 人与自然 适中 环境保护,方法/策略 14 人与自然 适中 人与动植物,科普知识 15 人与自然 适中 天体和宇宙,航空航天 七选五之人与自我 （23-24高二下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）The woman bringing Mandarin to Uganda Wang Lihong Sooma, who moved to East Africa from China more than two decades ago, is determined to teach Ugandans how to speak Mandarin (普通话). 1 The first 30 teachers have now completed their training and have started holding Mandarin classes in schools across the country. Forty more teachers are now enrolled (入学) and classes start at 8:00 and finish at 22:00 from Monday to Friday. 2 However, Pavin Mulokwa, a teacher from Mbarara, sees it as an opportunity to broaden her job prospects. Another trainee, Praise Twebaze, agrees and hopes it will enable him to travel too. 3 Gao Yahui, who has been teaching Mandarin in Uganda for a year, says it has changed her understanding of Africa. From Xi’an city in central China, the 39-year-old left her husband and child behind to come and teach but was warned by her family and friends not to because of “diseases and war”. “ 4 When I go back to China, I will introduce the real Africa to the people in China and change their way of looking at Africa.” Wang’s goal is to have 100 teachers trained up and teaching Mandarin in 60 Ugandan schools by 2023. She sees it as a win-win situation, giving the example of how Chinese have benefited from learning English. “ 5 We learnt their technology and skills and then we developed.” A．They learn our language. B．I just think in the same way. C．We learnt their language and we understood them. D．When I came here, it changed my fixed ideas about African people. E．It is not just Ugandans who see this course as a life-changing opportunity. F．She and her husband are organising nine-month courses for teachers to learn Mandarin. G．To become fluent and be able to teach a language within nine months is a huge undertaking. 【答案】1．F 2．G 3．E 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一名中国女子在乌干达办学教中文的故事。 1．根据该空上一句“Wang Lihong Sooma, who moved to East Africa from China more than two decades ago, is determined to teach Ugandans how to speak Mandarin(普通话).( 20多年前从中国移居东非的王丽红·索玛(Wang Lihong Sooma)决心教乌干达人说普通话。)”和下文“The first 30 teachers have now completed their training and have started holding Mandarin classes in schools across the country.(首批30名教师现已完成培训，并开始在全国各地的学校开设普通话课程。)”可知,王丽红决定教授乌干达人学习汉语,而第一批受训的教师已经结业。F项“她和丈夫正在为教师组织为期9个月的普通话课程。”提到王丽红和她的丈夫开设了针对教师的为期九个月的汉语培训课程,符合此处语境。故选F项。 2．该空与下一句为转折关系。根据下文“However, Pavin Mulokwa, a teacher from Mbarara, sees it as an opportunity to broaden her job prospects. Another trainee, Praise Twebaze, agrees and hopes it will enable him to travel too.(然而，来自姆巴拉拉的教师Pavin Mulokwa认为这是一个拓宽自己就业前景的机会。另一位学员普雷兹·特韦伯兹对此表示赞同，并希望这也能让他去旅行。)”可知,乌干达的一名教师把学习汉语看成是拓展职业前景的机遇。G项“要在9个月内掌握一门流利的语言并能够教授它是一项艰巨的任务。”提到在九个月内学会汉语是一项艰巨的任务，符合此处语境。故选G项。 3．该空承上启下。根据下文“Gao Yahui, who has been teaching Mandarin in Uganda for a year, says it has changed her understanding of Africa.(在乌干达教汉语已有一年的高雅慧(音译)表示，这改变了她对非洲的理解。)”可知,不仅乌干达人把学习汉语看作是改变人生的机会,这也是中国人重新认识乌干达的机会,故E项“不仅仅是乌干达人将这门课程视为改变人生的机会。”符合此处语境。故选E项。 4．根据该空前“From Xi’an city in central China, the 39-year-old left her husband and child behind to come and teach but was warned by her family and friends not to because of “diseases and war”.(来自中国中部城市西安，39岁的她离开丈夫和孩子来这里教书，但她的家人和朋友警告她不要来，因为“疾病和战争”。)”的was warned by her family and friends not to because of “diseases and war”和该空后的“When I go back to China, I will introduce the real Africa to the people in China and change their way of looking at Africa.”(当我回到中国时，我要把真实的非洲介绍给中国人民，改变他们对非洲的看法。”)”可知,高女士去了乌干达之后,重新认识了非洲人,因此D项“当我来到这里，它改变了我对非洲人的固有观念。”符合此处语境。故选D项。 5．该空与下一句为并列关系。根据上句“She sees it as a win-win situation, giving the example of how Chinese have benefited from learning English.(她认为这是一个双赢的局面，并举了中国人如何从学习英语中受益的例子。)”中的giving the example of how Chinese have benefited from learning English可知，王丽红以中国学生通过学习英文了解英美国家并获益为例,进一步说明了我们学习他们的语言、理解他们的想法、学习他们的科技与技术,继而我们可以得到发展,故C项“我们学会了他们的语言，理解了他们。”符合此处语境。故选C项。 （23-24高二下·山东威海·期末）Campus loan generally refers to a private loan given to a college student on the campus. Internet lenders, most of whom are loan sharks (高利贷者), offer such loans to students who need the money to meet their college and other expenses. 1 But these loans come with high interest and often with collateral security (抵押担保), which has included naked photographs of female students. Not being mature enough to read the trap attached to such loans, many students have fallen prey to the loan sharks. 2 In that case, college students should first learn to recognize the dangers. They should realize that by applying for an “internet loan”, they themselves are leaking their personal information, including their national ID and student ID card numbers and bank details. 3 For example, they may trick them into signing a contract (合同) for a huge loan, but lending them only a small amount. In order to avoid the dangers, the students should limit their consumption to what they really need, increase their financial knowledge and learn how to protect themselves using legal means. To begin with, before applying for a loan, the students should carefully compare the financial service information and the extra fees different internet lenders charge on loans. 4 More important, they should analyze the actual interest and the fine for not paying the interest on time, and properly keep the loan certificate. Also, when the students are threatened with physical violence to repay the loan, they should record the conversation and report it to the police in time. 5 Moreover, the students should learn to protect their privacy. And they should avoid the misuse of their personal information by other people to avoid getting involved in financial crimes. A．Campus loan is in essence a private loan. B．Campus loans come with many, hidden legal risks. C．Some internet lenders even promote so-called job-hunting loan. D．Besides, some internet lenders use loan tricks to cheat the students. E．These loans are popular due to their easy application and approval. F．This way, those issuing such threats can be held responsible for their actions. G．They should also carefully read and understand the contract before signing it. 【答案】1．E 2．B 3．D 4．G 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大学生如何避免掉进校园贷款的陷阱。 1．根据下文“But these loans come with high interest and often with collateral security,”（但这些贷款的利息很高，而且通常有抵押担保）中的转折连词But 可知，此处应介绍校园贷款的优势，与下文介绍的弊端形成转折，E项（这些贷款因其易于申请和批准而广受欢迎）符合语境，故选E。 2．根据下文“In that case, college students should first learn to recognize the dangers. ”（在这种情况下，大学生应该首先学会识别危险）可知，校园贷款有风险，B项（校园贷款有许多潜在的法律风险）引领下文，符合语境，故选B。 3．根据下文“For example, they may trick them into signing a contract  for a huge loan, but lending them only a small amount.”（例如，网络贷款机构可能会诱骗他们签署一份大额贷款合同，但只借给他们少量贷款）可知，网络贷款机构在给大学生放贷时存在欺诈行为，D项（此外，一些网络贷款机构使用贷款骗局来欺骗学生）引领下文，符合语境，故选D。 4．根据下文“More important, they should analyze the actual interest and the fine for not paying the interest on time, and properly keep the loan certificate.”（更重要的是，他们应该分析实际利息和不按时支付利息的罚金，并妥善保管贷款证明）可知，此处介绍大学生在进行校园借贷时的注意事项，G项（在签署合同之前，他们还应该仔细阅读和理解合同）引领下文。符合语境，故选G。 5．根据上文“Also, when the students are threatened with physical violence to repay the loan, they should record the conversation and report it to the police in time. ”（此外，当学生受到偿还贷款的身体暴力威胁时，他们应该记录对话并及时向警方报告）可知，此处总结上文，说明这样做的好处，F项中的threats是关键信息词，F项（这样，那些发出此类威胁的放贷人就要对自己的行为负责）符合语境，故选F。 （23-24高二下·山东德州·期末）It is rightly said “Time and Tide wait for none”. But a number of people today have difficulty successfully managing time. 1 Now let’s take a look at a list of 4 skills you should master about time management. Set priorities. Write out all the tasks you need to get through for the day and then prioritize them in accordance with their level of significance. 2 Meanwhile, it also assists to guarantee that the most important things are done on time. 3 Certain activities, though seemingly harmless, significantly affect productivity. Instagram and Facebook, for instance, could easily consume hours that are better spent on studying or rest. To combat this, using time management tools that track how much time you spend online highlights areas for improvement. Do less. This is a trick from Leo Babauta, who started the blog Zen Habits. In his opinion, doing less doesn't mean “less is more”. It means “less is better”. 4 This is achieved by slowing down and concentrating only on those things. Once you do, make every action count. As a result, you'll be creating more value instead of just fodder. Relax at Appropriate Intervals. Control your performance over time by taking more pauses. According to Nathaniel Kleitman, a sleep scientist, “our brains naturally desire rest after every 90 minutes of hard activity.” Your mind will let you understand that you require a break when you start to feel sleepy, restless, hungry or lose concentration regardless of whether or not you have such a timer set. 5 Embrace these strategies, adapt them to your specific needs, and reclaim control over your time management. Your future self will thank you for it! A．Stay creative. B．Eliminate Time-wasters. C．Be aware of what needs to be done. D．You can not apply that to time management. E．It may improve the chances of achieving objectives. F．You realize it’s time to step back when you start feeling like this. G．This in turn, leads to a decline in production as well as a rise in their anxiety levels. 【答案】1．G 2．E 3．B 4．C 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了四项时间管理技能。 1．根据前文“But a number of people today have difficulty successfully managing time. (但今天许多人难以成功地管理时间。)”可知，下文将讲述时间管理不善的后果。与G项“This in turn, leads to a decline in production as well as a rise in their anxiety levels. (这反过来导致生产力下降以及焦虑水平上升。)”上下文一致，符合语境，故选G项。 2．根据前文“Set priorities. Write out all the tasks you need to get through for the day and then prioritize them in accordance with their level of significance. (设定优先级。写下你一天需要完成的所有任务，然后根据它们的重要性进行优先排序。)”可知，空处应描述设定优先级的好处。与E项“It may improve the chances of achieving objectives. (这可能会提高实现目标的机会。)”上下文一致，符合语境，描述了设定优先级的好处。故选E项。 3．根据下文“Certain activities, though seemingly harmless, significantly affect productivity. Instagram and Facebook, for instance, could easily consume hours that are better spent on studying or rest. (某些活动，虽然看似无害，但会显著影响生产力。例如，Instagram和Facebook可以轻易地消耗掉本可以用于学习或休息的时间。)”可知，空处应描述需要消除的时间浪费者。与B项“Eliminate Time-wasters. (杜绝浪费时间的行为。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选B项。 4．根据前文“Do less. This is a trick from Leo Babauta, who started the blog Zen Habits. In his opinion, doing less doesn't mean “less is more”. It means “less is better”. (少做点。这是Leo Babauta的一个技巧，他创办了Zen Habits博客。在他看来，少做并不意味着“少即是多”。它意味着“少即是好”。)”可知，空处应描述少做的具体方法。与C项“Be aware of what needs to be done. (了解需要做什么。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选C项。 5．根据前文“Your mind will let you understand that you require a break when you start to feel sleepy, restless, hungry or lose concentration regardless of whether or not you have such a timer set. (你的头脑会让你明白，当你开始感到困倦、焦躁不安、饥饿或注意力不集中时，无论你是否设置了这样的计时器，你都需要休息一下。)”可知，空处应描述当你有这些感觉时该怎么做。与F项“You realize it’s time to step back when you start feeling like this. (当你开始有这种感觉时，你会意识到是时候退一步了。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选F项。 （23-24高二下·四川宜宾·期末）To read poetry like a poet A great poem can be there for you. It can help you process sadness, anger or fear. 1 . Franny Choi, an educator, says some poems make her “get out of my chair and shout it from the rooftops.” Here are tips to help you meaningfully connect to a poem. Don’t approach poetry like it’s school. The way to engage with a poem taught in school is by trying to understand it, master it and take an exam, which keeps us from developing personal relationships with poetry. 2 , due to no quiz at the end! Don’t worry about “getting it”. People often pressure themselves to interpret a poem, or figure out what the poet conveyed. Don’t do it, says Mullen, a poet and professor. 3 : what overall impression do you get? What ideas float around in mind? “Those overall impressions, I think most of us do get,” says Mullen. Read it out loud. “Poetry was an oral art form before anything else,” says Choi. “And much information can be gained from reading poems loud.” As an exercise, try reading a poem aloud in different ways: like tasting every word and every syllable; like explaining something tough to someone else. 4 . 5 . A poem might offer visual imagery. If not, go ahead and fill them in with your imagination. “Think of the poem like a movie director,” says Mullen, “What colors would you use? What kind of setting is there?” These brain pictures will illuminate whatever it is you seem to be getting out of the poem. A．Visualize the poem B．Read a bunch of poetry C．So rest easy when reading a poem D．Or make you feel happy or excited E．Instead, ask about your opinion of the poem F．Or better yet, head to your local poetry circle G．It may help further your knowledge of the poem 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．E 4．G 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何像诗人一样阅读诗歌，与诗歌建立有意义的联系。文章提出不要像在学校里那样对待诗歌，不要担心“理解它”，而应该大声朗读，利用想象，以此来增强对诗歌的感受和理解。 1．根据上文“A great poem can be there for you. It can help you process sadness, anger or fear.(一首伟大的诗可以陪伴你，它能帮你处理悲伤、愤怒或恐惧。)”可知，此处应继续列举诗歌的作用，与D项“Or make you feel happy or excited(或者让你感到快乐或兴奋)”表达的意思一致，故选D项。 2．根据上文“The way to engage with a poem taught in school is by trying to understand it, master it and take an exam, which keeps us from developing personal relationships with poetry.(在学校里，接触诗歌的方式是试图理解它，掌握它，然后参加考试，这使我们无法与诗歌建立个人关系。)”可知，此处应提出一种更轻松的阅读诗歌的方式，与C项“So rest easy when reading a poem(所以，阅读诗歌时可以轻松一些)”表达的意思一致，故选C项。 3．根据上文“Don’t worry about “getting it”. People often pressure themselves to interpret a poem, or figure out what the poet conveyed. Don’t do it, says Mullen, a poet and professor.(不要担心“理解它”。人们经常给自己压力去解读一首诗，或者弄清楚诗人传达了些什么。诗人兼教授Mullen说，不要这样做。)”可知，此处应提出一种更轻松的阅读诗歌的方式，与E项“Instead, ask about your opinion of the poem(相反，问问你对这首诗的看法)”表达的意思一致，故选E项。 4．根据上文“As an exercise, try reading a poem aloud in different ways: like tasting every word and every syllable; like explaining something tough to someone else.(作为一种练习，试着用不同的方式大声朗读一首诗：就像品味每一个词和音节；就像向别人解释一些困难的事情。)”可知，此处应说明这种练习的好处，与G项“It may help further your knowledge of the poem(它可能有助于你进一步了解这首诗)”表达的意思一致，故选G项。 5．根据下文“A poem might offer visual imagery. If not, go ahead and fill them in with your imagination.(一首诗可能会提供视觉意象。如果没有，那就用你的想象力去填充它们。)”可知，此处应提出一种阅读诗歌的方法，与A项“Visualize the poem(想象诗歌)”表达的意思一致，故选A项。 （23-24高二下·江西·期末）Learning a foreign language can be difficult, but if you follow certain techniques, you’ll be able to learn any language soon. Although there’s no easy way to go about it, with some hard work and practice, you can be fluent in the near future. Learn from your past experience. If you’ve learned languages in the past, go over what you learned then and try to figure out what was most effective for you. 1 What didn’t? Which parts of the process did you find easy? Which parts were hard? When you’ve sorted this out, you’ll be ready to start learning the language. Study English Phonology (音系学). English Phonology deals with English pronunciation. 2 You can find many websites and online videos on English Phonology. Relate English pronunciation with other language pronunciation. Pay attention to the grammar. 3 “Paul want Mary go store” may communicate an idea, but it is not at all correct English. If you do not pay attention to grammar, you can sound equally incomprehensible in another language. 4 Just imagine you went to a shopping center. Then think how you would interact with people. Write the whole conversation in your native language then translate every sentence into the required language. Memorize 30 words and phrases each day. Start with the most common words. Memorization is half the battle and there are many different ways to memorize. You can practice writing each word a dozen times. 5 A．What helped you learn? B．Speak with native speakers. C．What is the best method suitable for you? D．This way will get you used to using the word itself. E．It helps in understanding pronunciation of other languages. F．Translate your daily spoken native language into the required language. G．This is probably the most important part of the language besides the vocabulary. 【答案】1．A 2．E 3．G 4．F 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了学习一门外语可能很难，但是如果你掌握某些技巧就能很快掌握任何语言。 1．根据上文的“Learn from your past experience. If you’ve learned languages in the past, go over what you learned then and try to figure out what was most effective for you.(从过去的经验中学习。如果你在过去学过语言，那就复习一下你学过的东西，然后找出对你最有效的方法)”和下文的“What didn’t? Which parts of the process did you find easy? Which parts were hard? When you’ve sorted this out, you’ll be ready to start learning the language.(什么没有？你觉得这个过程的哪一部分容易？哪些部分是困难的？当你解决了这些问题，你就可以开始学习这门语言了。)”可知，A项(什么对你的学习有帮助？)承接上文，说明你要回顾过去的学习经验，找出对你有帮助的学习方法，并引出下文，指出在回顾的过程中有哪些具体问题要弄清楚。故选A项。 2．根据上文的“Study English Phonology. English Phonology deals with English pronunciation.(学习英语音系学。英语音系学研究英语发音)”和下文的“You can find many websites and online videos on English Phonology. Relate English pronunciation with other language pronunciation.(你可以找到很多关于英语音韵学的网站和在线视频。将英语发音与其他语言发音联系起来)”可知，E项(它有助于理解其他语言的发音。)承接上文，指出了学习英语音系学的原因，并引出下文，具体介绍如何去做。故选E项。 3．根据上文的“Pay attention to the grammar.(注意语法)”和下文的““Paul want Mary go store” may communicate an idea, but it is not at all correct English. If you do not pay attention to grammar, you can sound equally incomprehensible in another language.(“保罗想让玛丽去商店”可能传达了一个想法，但它根本不是正确的英语。如果你不注意语法，你说的另一种语言听起来同样难以理解)”可知，G项(这可能是语言中除了词汇之外最重要的部分。)承接上文，说明了学习语法的重要性，并引出下文，指出不重视语法的后果。故选G项。 4．根据下文的“Just imagine you went to a shopping center. Then think how you would interact with people. Write the whole conversation in your native language then translate every sentence into the required language.(想象一下你去了一家购物中心。然后想想你将如何与人互动。用你的母语把整个对话写下来，然后把每个句子翻译成所需的语言)”可知，在日常生活中，可以把想要说的话先用母语写出来，然后再翻译成目标语言，F项(将你的母语翻译成所需语言。)作为段首句提出这个建议，符合语境。故选F项。 5．根据上文的“Memorize 30 words and phrases each day. Start with the most common words. Memorization is half the battle and there are many different ways to memorize. You can practice writing each word a dozen times.(每天记住30个单词和短语。从最常见的单词开始。记忆是成功的一半，有很多不同的记忆方法。每个单词你都可以练习写十几遍)”可知，D项(这种方法会让你习惯使用单词本身。)承接上文，说明了将每个单词写十几遍，这样会有助于你使用单词。故选D项。 七选五之人与社会 （23-24高二下·吉林松原·期末）The Importance of Regular Eye Exams Regular eye exams are just as important as maintaining good eye care habits. Here are some convincing reasons why you should schedule your next eye check-up. Prevention is better than cure. Routine eye exams are crucial for maintaining healthy vision and detecting issues early on. 1 Your doctor will provide you with personalized advice and recommendations. The goal of an eye exam is to identify and address potential problems before they become more serious. You’ve noticed a change in your vision. 2 Whether it’s blurred (模糊的) vision, difficulty seeing at a distance, or reading fine print, these could be signs of an underlying eye condition that needs to be addressed. 3 Spending too much time on digital devices can impact your eye health. Long hours of exposure to digital devices can cause digital eye strain (眼疲劳), which may lead to symptoms such as headaches, dry eyes, and discomfort after extended use. You will experience discomfort or dryness in your eyes. Your doctor can provide tips on relieving eye strain from screen time. These symptoms of dry eye or other conditions require medical attention. 4 You’re due for an update on your eyesight. 5 Even if you don’t notice any changes in your vision, it’s important to have your eyes checked regularly to ensure you have the correct lenses for best vision. A．You might need new glasses. B．Ignoring them could worsen the problem. C．You spend a lot of time in front of screens. D．Your doctor can help you find the right glasses for your needs. E．However, early detection and treatment can prevent vision loss. F．You’ve recently been diagnosed with a condition that could affect your vision. G．It’s important to have regular check-ups to monitor any changes in your eyes. 【答案】1．G 2．F 3．C 4．E 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是定期眼科检查的重要性。 1．空前“Routine eye exams are crucial for maintaining healthy vision and detecting issues early on.(常规眼科检查对于保持健康的视力和及早发现问题至关重要。)”说明进行常规的眼科检查很重要，空后“Your doctor will provide you with personalized advice and recommendations.(你的医生会为你提供个性化的建议和推荐。)”说明了医生会为你提供个性化的建议和建议，因此空格处应该说要去医生那儿检查，G选项“It’s important to have regular check-ups to monitor any changes in your eyes.(定期检查以监测眼睛的任何变化是很重要的。)”说明了定期检查很重要，引出后文的医生能为你做的事情，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选G。 2．空前“You’ve noticed a change in your vision.(你注意到你的视力发生了变化。)”提出的是假设性的事情，空后“Whether it’s blurred (模糊的) vision, difficulty seeing at a distance, or reading fine print, these could be signs of an underlying eye condition that needs to be addressed.(无论是视力模糊，看远处有困难，还是阅读小字，这些都可能是潜在的眼部疾病的迹象，需要解决。)”列举了一系列可能出现的问题，空格处也应该是假设你可能遇到什么样的眼睛的问题，F选项“You’ve recently been diagnosed with a condition that could affect your vision.(你最近被诊断出患有一种可能影响你视力的疾病。)”说明你可能被诊断出眼睛的疾病，引出后文具体的一些问题，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选F。 3．空后“Spending too much time on digital devices can impact your eye health. Long hours of exposure to digital devices can cause digital eye strain (眼疲劳), which may lead to symptoms such as headaches, dry eyes, and discomfort after extended use.(花太多时间在电子设备上会影响你的眼睛健康。长时间接触数码设备会导致数码眼疲劳，长时间使用后可能导致头痛、眼睛干涩和不适等症状。)”说明的是花太多时间看电子设备会引起的问题，空格处也应该说看电子设备的相关内容，C选项“You spend a lot of time in front of screens.(你在屏幕前花了很多时间。)”中的“屏幕”和电子设备相关，因此C选项引起下文，符合语境，故选C。 4．空前“You will experience discomfort or dryness in your eyes. Your doctor can provide tips on relieving eye strain from screen time. These symptoms of dry eye or other conditions require medical attention.(你会感到眼睛不舒服或干涩。你的医生可以提供一些缓解看屏幕造成的眼睛疲劳的建议。这些干眼症或其他症状需要就医。)”说明干眼症需要就医，本文主要讲的是定期眼科检查的重要性，因此空格处作为本段最后一句，应该强调早期发现和治疗的重要性，E选项“However, early detection and treatment can prevent vision loss.(然而，早期发现和治疗可以防止视力丧失。)”说明了早期发现和治疗的重要性，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选E。 5．空后“Even if you don’t notice any changes in your vision, it’s important to have your eyes checked regularly to ensure you have the correct lenses for best vision.(即使你没有注意到你的视力有任何变化，定期检查眼睛以确保你有正确的镜片以获得最佳视力也是很重要的。)”说明要有正确的镜片，空格处应该和眼镜有关，D选项“Your doctor can help you find the right glasses for your needs.(你的医生可以帮你找到适合你需要的眼镜。)”和眼镜有关，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选D。 （23-24高二下·河北·期末）How to Tolerate Those You Have a Personality Conflict With? Living or working with people who have very different personalities or beliefs from you can present challenges. 1 Here are some strategics to help you navigate these difficult interactions and maintain healthy relationships and a harmonious environment. 2 In many cases, a personality conflict arises because of expectations, differences of opinion, or some other underlying issues. Consider if you’ve had a bad experience with the person, or if you’re relying on rumors (谣言) or someone else’s conflict to inform your opinion on the person. Figuring out the roots may help you realize that your conflict is foolish. Get to know the person. Every person has their own perspectives that are formed based on their experiences. Consider where this person is coming from through his or her behaviors. 3 Acknowledging that his or her perspectives differ from yours can help you to give the person a chance. Identify the virtues in the person. Holding on to negative thoughts and attitudes about another person is draining (使心力交瘁的). 4 Learn to see the positive in any person. Even the worst person has good qualities. It might take some time to recognize them, but being able to see the positive traits in a person can help you to shift your relationship with him or her. Limit interactions with the person. If you genuinely find it challenging to put up with someone, minimize interactions with him or her. There are different ways to achieve it. For example, if you are at social settings, don’t sit near him or her or move if he or she is close to you. Nevertheless, sometimes you have to engage with the person either professionally or personally. 5 A．Let go of your expectations. B．You are ultimately the judge of your situation. C．Determine the source of your conflict with the person. D．When you constantly harbor them, they can become stronger. E．Should this occur, remember to keep the contact civil and polite. F．Relevant context information can help you accept the person as he or she is. G．However, learning to tolerate and manage these differences is mentally crucial. 【答案】1．G 2．C 3．F 4．D 5．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章就如何容忍与你性格有冲突的人提出建议。 1．根据上文“Living or working with people who have very different personalities or beliefs from you can present challenges.(与个性或信仰与你截然不同的人一起生活或工作可能会带来挑战。)”和下文“Here are some strategics to help you navigate these difficult interactions and maintain healthy relationships and a harmonious environment.(这里有一些策略可以帮助你应对这些困难的互动，保持健康的关系和和谐的环境。)”可知，上文提到与个性或信仰与你截然不同的人一起生活或工作可能会带来挑战，下文提到有一些策略可以解决这个问题，空处应该承上启下，指出学会应对这种挑战的重要性。G项：However, learning to tolerate and manage these differences is mentally crucial.(然而，学会容忍和管理这些差异在心理上是至关重要的。)符合语境。故选G。 2．空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Figuring out the roots may help you realize that your conflict is foolish.(找出根源可能会帮助你意识到你的冲突是愚蠢的。)”可知，本段建议找出冲突的根源。C项：Determine the source of your conflict with the person.(确定你与对方冲突的根源。)符合语境。C项中的“source”和下文中的“roots”对应。故选C。 3．根据上文“Get to know the person. Every person has their own perspectives that are formed based on their experiences. Consider where this person is coming from through his or her behaviors.(了解这个人。每个人都有自己的基于自己经历而形成的观点。通过他的行为来思考这个人是怎么来的。)”可知，上文提到要考虑这个人的经历和行为，而F选项中的“Relevant context information”指的是与这个人相关的背景信息，这些信息可以帮助你接受他或她原本的样子。所以F项：Relevant context information can help you accept the person as he or she is.(相关的语境信息可以帮助你接受这个人的本来面目。)符合语境。故选F。 4．根据上文“Holding on to negative thoughts and attitudes about another person is draining (使心力交瘁的).(坚持对另一个人的消极想法和态度会让人心力交瘁。)”和下文“Learn to see the positive in any person.(学会看到别人积极的一面。)”可知，上文提到坚持对另一个人的消极想法和态度是消耗精力的，而下文则提到学会看到任何人的积极面，因此可以推断出空处需要一个过渡句。D项：When you constantly harbor them, they can become stronger.(当你不断保持这些消极想法时，它们会变得更强)符合语境，D项中的“them”指代上文中的“negative thoughts and attitudes”。故选D。 5．根据上文“Nevertheless, sometimes you have to engage with the person either professionally or personally.(尽管如此，有时候你还是必须和这个人进行专业或私人的接触。)”可知，上文提到有时候不得不与这个人进行专业或个人交流。E项：Should this occur, remember to keep the contact civil and polite.(如果发生这种情况，记得要保持文明和礼貌的联系。)承接上文，表示如果发生这种情况，要记得保持礼貌和文明的联系。故选E。 （23-24高二下·广东惠州·期末）Social Phobia It’s natural to feel nervous, or shy in front of others at times. Most people manage to get through these moments when they need to. 1 It’s probably more than shyness. It may build up into a powerful fear. As a result, people feel uncomfortable participating in everyday social activities. This is called social phobia (also called social anxiety). 2 The condition in question acts as a formidable barrier that inhibits individuals from engaging in casual conversations with their peers within the confines of the dining hall, participating in extracurricular organizations that convene post-academic hours, or attending social gatherings. Occasionally, the intensity of their apprehension is such that they find themselves too overwhelmed with anxiety to pose inquiries during instructional sessions or seek the guidance of an educator. Social phobia, a pervasive anxiety disorder, serves not merely as an impediment to the pursuit of novel experiences and opportunities; it also obstructs individuals from partaking in the routine, quotidian errors that are instrumental in the refinement and enhancement of their competencies. These everyday missteps are, in fact, a natural and essential component of the learning process, enabling continuous growth and development in various skill sets. It is really sad, isn’t it? But the good news is that people with social phobia can learn to manage fear, develop confidence and communicating skills and stop avoiding things that make them nervous. Of course it’s not always easy. Dealing with social phobia takes patience, courage to face fears and the willingness to practice. 3 Therapists (治疗师) can help people create a plan for facing social fears and build the skills and confidence to overcome it. And family or friends are especially important for them. 4 Friends and family can encourage them to pick a small goal to aim for, remind them to go for it, and be there when they might feel discouraged. Good friends and family are there to celebrate each small success along the way. Little by little, someone who decides to deal with extreme shyness can learn to be more comfortable. 5 As shyness and fears begin to melt, confidence and positive feelings build. Pretty soon, the person is thinking less about what might feel uncomfortable and more about what might be fun. A．Friends can overcome their fears. B．But for some, the anxiety can be extreme. C．They are not able to make eye contact with classmates. D．Social phobia makes people lonely or disappointed over missed opportunities. E．It also takes a commitment to go forward rather than back away when feeling shy. F．Each small step forward helps build enough confidence to take the next small step. G．The support from those key people helps them gather the courage to try something new. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．E 4．G 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了社交恐惧症，主要包括其症状、影响以及治疗方法。 1．前文“It’s natural to feel nervous, or shy in front of others at times. Most people manage to get through these moments when they need to. (有时在别人面前感到紧张或害羞是很自然的。大多数人在需要的时候都会设法度过这些时刻)”提到在他人面前感到紧张或害羞是正常现象，大多数人可以克服，后文“It’s probably more than shyness. It may build up into a powerful fear. (这可能不仅仅是害羞。它可能会形成一种强烈的恐惧)”描述严重的情况，因此B项“But for some, the anxiety can be extreme. (但对一些人来说，这种焦虑可能是极端的)”符合语境，指出一些人会非常焦虑，和前文构成转折，后文是对其解释。故选B。 2．后文“The condition in question acts as a formidable barrier that inhibits individuals from engaging in casual conversations with their peers within the confines of the dining hall, participating in extracurricular organizations that convene post-academic hours, or attending social gatherings. (这种情况是一个巨大的障碍，阻碍了个人在食堂内与同龄人进行随意的交谈，参加课后组织的课外活动，或参加社交聚会)”可知，后文讲解的是社交恐惧的人无法做到的事情，比如无法与朋友聊天、参加课外俱乐部或聚会，因此错失很多机会，继而感到孤独或失望。此外，结合第2空后面的这句话“the condition in question”可见第2空应该提到一种社交障碍，所以正确答案是D项“Social phobia makes people lonely or disappointed over missed opportunities. (社交恐惧症使人感到孤独或对错过的机会感到失望。)”符合语境。故选D。 3．前文“Dealing with social phobia takes patience, courage to face fears and the willingness to practice. (应对社交恐惧症需要耐心、面对恐惧的勇气和实践的意愿)”提到应对社交恐惧症所需要的东西，因此E项“It also takes a commitment to go forward rather than back away when feeling shy. (还需要你做出承诺，在感到害羞时，勇往直前，而不是退缩)”符合语境，提到需要的另一个东西，和前文是递进关系，其中的takes在前文有同词复现。故选E。 4．前文“And family or friends are especially important for them. (家人或朋友对他们来说尤其重要)”提到家人和朋友的重要性，后文“Friends and family can encourage them to pick a small goal to aim for, remind them to go for it, and be there when they might feel discouraged. Good friends and family are there to celebrate each small success along the way. (朋友和家人可以鼓励他们选择一个小目标，提醒他们去实现它，当他们感到沮丧时，他们会在那里。好朋友和家人会在你的路上庆祝每一个小小的成功)”具体介绍朋友和家人起到鼓励和支持的作用，因此G项“The support from those key people helps them gather the courage to try something new. (这些关键人物的支持帮助他们鼓起勇气尝试新事物)”符合语境，说明朋友和家人的关键作用是什么，承上启下，其中的those key people指代前文的family or friends。故选G。 5．前文“Little by little, someone who decides to deal with extreme shyness can learn to be more comfortable. (渐渐地，一个决定克服极度害羞的人可以学会变得更自在)”指出决定克服极度害羞的人会慢慢发生转变，因此F项“Each small step forward helps build enough confidence to take the next small step. (前进的每一小步都有助于建立足够的信心来迈出下一小步)”符合语境，指出每一点前进都有助于后面的进步，承接前文。故选F。 （23-24高二下·甘肃兰州·期末）We set off on our journey up Mount Wutai onto its peak to appreciate the mysterious and beautiful Bodhisattva Lights, ball-shaped lights floating in the whole sky with radiant beams. Seen from the foot of the mountain, the sky was gray and cloudy. In the distance stood the peak (山顶), unclear. 1 On the mountainside, our clothing grew wet. The road was slippery and difficult to walk. It slowed the horses down to a heavy pace. We spent the night at a small hotel. 2 The road was more slippery than the day before, so we had no choice but to get down from our horses and walked on foot. On the way, we were told the unusual phenomenon wouldn’t be observed in the rain. We sighed with disappointment. 3 And the sun set in the west, the clouds disappeared and the mist faded. Eventually, we arrived at the peak, with the sky filled with stars. Late in the night, we got awake by a shout. “Get up. Hurry up to see the lights!” We moved quickly, threw on a few pieces of clothing and ran out. It was cold, making our bodies shake from head to foot. However, our hearts were filled with excitement. 4 Thousands of ball-shaped objects floated slowly in the distance, shining golden beams of light, as though the whole sky were filled with countless glowing lanterns. The balls moved across the sky at the same speed. 5 They were light and delicate. Meanwhile, we all just froze there, speechless with wonder, appreciating the incredible views. A．It seemed to rain soon. B．We had to stop for a shelter. C．Unexpectedly, the sky began to clear. D．They were like goldfish swimming calmly in water. E．The next morning, we continued our climb in the rain. F．Just before our eyes, the mysterious phenomenon appeared. G．It sometimes appeared in white mist, and sometimes was completely covered by clouds. 【答案】1．G 2．E 3．C 4．F 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者登上五台山山顶的旅程。 1．根据空前“In the distance stood the peak (山顶), unclear.(远处耸立着山峰，模糊不清。)”可知，空前提到远处耸立的山峰，故G项“它有时出现在白雾中，有时完全被云覆盖。”符合，G项的It指代前文的the peak，远处耸立着山峰，模糊不清，它有时出现在白雾中，有时完全被云覆盖，故选G项。 2．根据空前“We spent the night at a small hotel.(我们在一个小宾馆度过了这个晚上。)”和空后“The road was more slippery than the day before(路比前一天更滑了)”可知，空前提到我们在宾馆度过了这个晚上，空后提到路比前一天更滑了，故E项“第二天早上，我们继续在雨中登山。”符合，我们在一个小宾馆度过了这个晚上，第二天早上，我们继续在雨中登山，然而路比前一天更滑了，故选E项。 3．根据空前“On the way, we were told the unusual phenomenon wouldn’t be observed in the rain. We sighed with disappointment.(在路上，我们被告知在雨中不会观察到这种不寻常的现象。我们失望地叹了口气。)”及空后“And the sun set in the west, the clouds disappeared and the mist faded.(太阳从西边落下，云不见了，雾也散了。)”可知，空后提到太阳从西边落下，云不见了，雾也散了，故这说明天放晴了，故C项“没想到，天空开始放晴了。”符合语境，故选C项。 4．根据空前“It was cold, making our bodies shake from head to foot. However, our hearts were filled with excitement.(天气很冷，我们的身体从头到脚都在发抖。然而，我们内心很激动。)”可知，空前提到尽管很冷，但我们内心很激动，故F项“就在我们眼前，神秘的现象出现了。”符合，说明这种神秘的现象会让作者兴奋，故选F项。 5．根据空前“Thousands of ball-shaped objects floated slowly in the distance, shining golden beams of light, as though the whole sky were filled with countless glowing lanterns. The balls moved across the sky at the same speed.(成千上万的球状物体在远处慢慢漂浮，闪烁着金色的光束，仿佛整个天空都布满了无数发光的灯笼。这些球状物体以同样的速度划过天空。)”及空后“They were light and delicate.(它们又轻又精致。)”可知，空前和空后都是在描写这些球状物体，空格处也应该描写它们，故D选项“它们就像金鱼在水里平静地游着。”符合，也是对这些球状物体的描述，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选D项。 （23-24高二下·广东深圳·期末）Developing and maintaining healthy friendships involves give-and-take. 1 Expressing your feelings of affection and gratitude towards your friends is a powerful way to reinforce the connections you share with them. It is equally crucial for you to embody the qualities of a supportive and considerate friend as it is to be surrounded by individuals who embody these traits. By acknowledging and valuing the presence and contributions of your friends in your life, you not only nurture your relationships but also create an environment of mutual respect and understanding. This reciprocal appreciation can lead to deeper, more meaningful friendships that stand the test of time. To nurture your friendships: Be kind. This most-basic behavior remains the core of successful relationships. 2 Every act of kindness and every expression of gratitude are deposits into this account, while criticism and negativity draw down the account. Be a good listener. 3 Let the other person know you are paying close attention through eye contact, body language and occasional brief comments such as, “That sounds fun.” When friends share details of hard times or difficult experiences, be empathetic, but don’t give advice unless your friends ask for it. Open up. Build intimacy with your friends by opening up about yourself. Being willing to disclose personal experiences and concerns shows that your friend holds a special place in your life, and it may deepen your connection. 4 Being responsible, reliable and dependable is key to forming strong friendships. You’re your engagements and arrive on time. Follow through on commitments you’ve made to your friends. When your friends share confidential information, keep it private. Make yourself available. 5 Make an effort to see new friends regularly, and to check in with them in between meet ups. You may feel awkward the first few times you talk on the phone or get together, but this feeling is likely to pass as you get more comfortable with each other. A．Show that you can be trusted. B．Ask what’s going on in your friends’ lives. C．Think of friendship as an emotional bank account. D．It’s never too late to reconnect with old friends. E．Building a close friendship takes time — together. F．Invest time in making friends and strengthening your friendships. G．Sometimes you’re the one giving support, and other times you’re on the receiving end. 【答案】1．C 2．F 3．B 4．A 5．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。发展和维持健康的友谊需要付出和接受，就像是一个情感银行账户一样，文章对如何培养友谊进行了介绍。 1．根据前文“Developing and maintaining healthy friendships involves give-and-take.(发展和维持健康的友谊需要付出和接受。)”和后文“Expressing your feelings of affection and gratitude towards your friends is a powerful way to reinforce the connections you share with them.(向你的朋友表达你的感情和感激之情是加强你与他们之间联系的有力方式。)”可知，此处是指友谊就像情感银行账户一样，所以选项C“把友谊想象成一个情感银行账户。”切合文意。故选C。 2．根据后文“Every act of kindness and every expression of gratitude are deposits into this account, while criticism and negativity draw down the account.(每一个善意的行为和每一次感激的表达都是在这个账户上存钱，而批评和消极则会减少这个账户。)”可知，此处是指在友谊的账户上投入，加固友谊，所以选项F“花时间交朋友，巩固友谊。”切合文意。故选F。 3．根据前文“Be a good listener.(做一个好的倾听者。)”和后文“Let the other person know you are paying close attention through eye contact, body language and occasional brief comments such as, “That sounds fun.”(通过眼神交流、肢体语言和偶尔简短的评论，比如“听起来很有趣”，让对方知道你在密切关注。)”可知，此处是指询问并倾听朋友生活中发生的事情，所以选项B“问问你朋友的生活中发生了什么。”切合文意。故选B。 4．根据后文“Being responsible, reliable and dependable is key to forming strong friendships.(负责、可靠、可信赖是建立牢固友谊的关键。)”可知，要让朋友知道你是可靠的，所以选项A“表现出你是值得信任的。”切合文意。故选A。 5．根据后文“Make an effort to see new friends regularly, and to check in with them in between meet ups.(努力定期与新朋友见面，并在不见面时与他们联系。)”可知，此处是指建立友谊需要花时间见面在一起，所以选项E“建立亲密的友谊需要时间——在一起。”切合文意。故选E。 七选五之人与自然 （23-24高二下·安徽阜阳·期末）Biodiversity doesn’t only revolve around species we consider rare and threatened but around every living being. 1 Here are some ways to protect biodiversity in your backyard garden. Pesticides are known to be poisonous to humans, animals, and the Earth. Thus, to protect biodiversity in your yard, avoid using harmful and poisonous chemicals. 2 These organic fertilizers provide the necessary nutrients needed for plant growth without harming the Earth. Prevention is the best way to discourage and deal with pests and diseases. Check your plants regularly for unwanted visitors. Another way to protect biodiversity in your garden is to create various habitats. To do so, you can choose to plant fruit trees or berry bushes and add a bird feeder or other open water sources. Perennials (多年生植物) can provide shelter for some species. 3 Plants grow better in their native habitats, where climate and soil are perfect for their development and growth. Plants also form symbiotic (共生的) relationships with other native plants that help them spread their seeds and discourage pests and diseases. 4 Easier to build such relationships, native plants require fewer resources to grow healthily compared to non-native plants. 5 Plants that aren’t native to your area can be invasive (侵入性的), take over your garden, and threaten the growth and survival of native plants. Their removal provides space for native plants to develop. These plants are part of the local ecosystem in your garden and provide habitat for other animals. A．Instead, turn to natural pest control and natural fertilizers. B．Insects aren’t the only reason for the great damage to your plants. C．Creating a flowering wall is a good way to beautify your backyard. D．Relationships like this help native plants defend themselves naturally. E．Balanced biodiversity in your yard positively impacts the environment. F．Removing invasive and non-native plants leaves more space for other plants. G．Even a dead tree can also serve as a habitat for insects, birds, and other animals. 【答案】1．E 2．A 3．G 4．D 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何在自己的院子里打造健康的自然生态系统，保护生物多样性。 1．上文“Biodiversity doesn’t only revolve around species we consider rare and threatened but around every living being.(生物多样性不仅仅以我们所认为的稀有以及濒临灭绝的物种为中心，而且和每一种生物都息息相关。)”和下文的“Here are some ways to protect biodiversity in your backyard garden.(以下是一些在你的花园里保护生物多样性的方法)”可推知，设空处应与花园里的生物多样性有关，E项“院子里的生物多样性达到平衡，会对环境产生积极的影响”符合语境。故选E。 2．根据上文的“Pesticides are known to be poisonous to humans, animals, and the Earth. Thus, to protect biodiversity in your yard, avoid using harmful and poisonous chemicals.(众所周知，杀虫剂对人类、动物以及地球都是有毒的。因此，为了保护院子里的生物多样性，应该避免使用有毒和有害的化学物质)”和下文“These organic fertilizers provide the necessary nutrients needed for plant growth without harming the Earth.(这些有机肥料提供了植物生长所必需的营养，但不会危害地球)”可知，空格处引出如何避免使用有毒和有害的化学物质，也就是应对方法，A项“相反，可以转用天然的害虫防治手段和天然肥料。”符合题意。故选A。 3．根据本段第一句“Another way to protect biodiversity in your garden is to create various habitats.(另一种保护花园生物多样性的方法是创造各种栖息地。)”可知本段的主旨是保护花园里的生物多样性需要在花园里创造一些栖息地，且根据设空处前一句讲到的“Perennials (多年生植物) can provide shelter for some species.(多年生植物可以为一些物种提供庇护场所)”可知空格处列举一些提供栖息地的例子，将答案定位为G项“枯树甚至也能为昆虫、鸟类和其他动物提供栖息地。”，habitat 是同词复现。故选G。 4．根据上文讲到“Plants grow better in their native habitats, where climate and soil are perfect for their development and growth. Plants also form symbiotic (共生的) relationships with other native plants that help them spread their seeds and discourage pests and diseases. (植物在它们的原生栖息地生长得更好，那里的气候和土壤非常适合它们的生长和发育。植物还与其他本地植物形成共生关系，帮助它们传播种子，防止病虫害。)”由此可以推知空格处填入这种关系带来的影响，D项“像这样的共生关系天然地有助于植物保护自己”符合语境，D项中的Relationships指代的就是上文的symbiotic relationships。故选D。 5．根据下文“Plants that aren’t native to your area can be invasive (侵入性的), take over your garden, and threaten the growth and survival of native plants. Their removal provides space for native plants to develop. These plants are part of the local ecosystem in your garden and provide habitat for other animals.(你所在地区的非本地植物可能会入侵，占据你的花园，威胁本地植物的生长和生存。它们的移除为本地植物的生长提供了空间。这些植物是你花园中当地生态系统的一部分，并为其他动物提供栖息地。)”可知，本段主要讲外来植物入侵会对本地植物造成危害，F项“清除入侵植物和外来植物从而为其他植物留下更多空间”符合语境，故选F。 （23-24高二下·福建福州·期末）My, what a big beak you have! For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help to make the effects of a warmer world less harmful. 1 In a paper published in Trends & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, shows that is already. happening. Climate change is already changing the bodies of many animal species: bigger beaks (喙), limbs and ears. In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10%since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. 2 All that is perfectly consistent with evolutionary (进化) theory, “Allen’s rule”. Allen suggested it in 1877, holding that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger body parts than those in temperate (温带的) regions. 3 Being richly filled with blood vessels (血管), and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat. Ms. Ryding examined museum specimens (标本) to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical (解剖学的) changes. All sorts of other factors might have been driving the changes. Her team combined data from different species in different places. They have little in common apart from living on a warming planet. 4 For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%. 5 Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go. A．Therefore, climate change is the most reasonable explanation. B．That may change as warming accelerates (加速). C．Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviors. D．It seems that the future world is going to be hotter than humans are used to. E．Therefore, the negative effects of a warmer world are visible in these animals’ bodies. F．Such adaptations boost an animal’s surface area relative to its body, helping it to release extra heat. G．Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species of mice and bats evolving bigger ears, legs and wings. 【答案】1．C 2．G 3．F 4．A 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了地球变暖正在改变动物的外貌，如嘴巴变大。 1．根据上文“For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help to make the effects of a warmer world less harmful.(对人类来说，适应气候变化将主要是一个技术问题。更多的空调，更好设计的房屋和更大的防洪系统可能有助于减少全球变暖的危害)”可知，人类依靠的是科学技术来适应气候变化。选项C“动物将不得不依靠改变它们的身体或行为（去适应）。”承接上文，说明和人类不同，动物要适应气候变化就只能依靠它们的身体和行为。从而引出下文对于动物适应气候变化发生的变化的讲述，上下文通顺合理。故选C项。 2．空处位于段末应承接上文。上文“In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10%since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern.(例如，在一些澳大利亚鹦鹉中，自1871年以来，喙的大小增加了4%到10%。另一项研究，这次是在另一种鸟类北美黑眼鹦鹉中，发现了同样的模式)”列举了一些动物因为天气变暖，喙变大的例子。由此推知，空处承接上文，继续举例。选项G“哺乳动物也有类似的趋势，老鼠、鼩鼱和蝙蝠进化出更大的耳朵、尾巴、腿和翅膀”符合语境，是动物应对天气变化外貌发生变化的例子。故选G项。 3．根据上文“All that is perfectly consistent with evolutionary (进化) theory, “Allen’s rule”. Allen suggested it in 1877, holding that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger body parts than those in temperate (温带的) regions.(所有这些都完全符合进化论的“艾伦法则”。艾伦在1877年提出了这个观点，他认为生活在炎热地区的温血动物往往比生活在温带地区的动物有更大的身体部位)”可知，炎热地区的温血动物往往长有更大的附属物，这是动物对气候的一种适应，选项F“这种适应性增加了动物相对于其身体体积的表面积，帮助它释放多余的热量。”解释了这种现象的产生原因。下文“Being richly filled with blood vessels (血管), and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat.(喙部充满了血管，没有被羽毛覆盖，是鸟类散热的理想场所)”举例说明动物的这种适应性。上下文通顺合理。故选F项。 4．根据上文“Ms. Ryding examined museum specimens (标本) to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical (解剖学的) changes. All sorts of other factors might have been driving the changes. Her team combined data from different species in different places. They have little in common apart from living on a warming planet.(赖丁检查了博物馆的标本，以证明气候变化是导致解剖结构变化的原因。各种各样的其他因素可能推动了这些变化。她的团队结合了来自不同地方不同物种的数据。除了生活在一个变暖的星球上，它们几乎没有什么共同之处)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，对生物结构变化的原因进行解释说明。故A选项“因此，气候变化是最合理的解释”符合语境，故选A项。 5．根据上文“For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%.(至少就目前而言，增幅很小，不会超过10%)”以及后文“Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go.(由于任何进化适应都伴随着权衡，目前尚不清楚这个过程会走多远)”可知，上文提到了目前的情况，推测本句是在说明未来可能会发生何种改变。故B选项“随着气候变暖的加速，这可能会改变”符合语境，故选B项。 （23-24高二下·河北保定·期末）Embracing a Green Lifestyle Living a green lifestyle is not only beneficial for the environment but also for your health and wallet. Here are some steps to embrace a green lifestyle. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. 1 These three simple words can make a big difference in your daily life. Whether it’s using a reusable water bottle or shopping bag, these small actions can reduce waste and pollution. Conserve water and electricity. Be mindful of your water and electricity usage. 2 Simple habits like turning off the tap while brushing your teeth or switching off lights when not in use can save a lot of energy. 3 When shopping, opt for products that are made from sustainable materials and have minimal packaging. Remember to check the labels for certifications that indicate eco-friendliness. This not only helps to reduce waste but also supports companies that are committed to environmental protection. Grow your own food. Planting a small vegetable garden or even a few herbs in pots can be a rewarding experience. 4 It’s a great way to ensure you’re eating fresh and healthy food while also reducing your carbon footprint. Use public transportation, carpool, or bike. Instead of driving alone, consider using public transportation, carpooling, or biking to work or school. 5 This can significantly reduce your carbon emissions and improve air quality. A．Choose eco-friendly products. B．This is the essence of a green lifestyle. C．It’s easy to get started with these practices. D．Try to minimize the use of single-use items. E．Small changes can make a big impact on the environment. F．Make sure to choose products that are made by local companies. G．This can also be a fun and educational activity for the whole family. 【答案】1．B 2．E 3．A 4．G 5．C 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种拥抱绿色生活方式的步骤。 1．根据上文“Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. (减少，再利用，再循环。)”以及下文“These three simple words can make a big difference in your daily life. (这三个简单的单词可以给你的日常生活带来很大的不同。)”可知，空格处应该进一步说明“减少，再利用，再循环”对于绿色生活的影响。B. This is the essence of a green lifestyle. (这是绿色生活方式的精髓。)This指的是“减少，再利用，再循环。”能够承接上文，且引出下文。故选B。 2．根据下文“Simple habits like turning off the tap while brushing your teeth or switching off lights when not in use can save a lot of energy. (一些简单的习惯，比如刷牙时关掉水龙头，或者不用的时候关灯，都可以节省很多能源。)”可知，空格处需要总的说明一些简单的习惯对于绿色生活的影响。选项E. Small changes can make a big impact on the environment. (微小的改变可以对环境产生巨大的影响。)中的Small changes与下文的Simple habits相呼应，a big impact与save a lot of energy相呼应；所以选项E能够引出下文。故选E。 3．根据下文“When shopping, opt for products that are made from sustainable materials and have minimal packaging. (购物时，选择由可持续材料制成的产品，并尽量减少包装。)”可知，空格处应该总的说明选择环保的产品。选项A. Choose eco-friendly products. (选择环保产品。)中的Choose与opt相呼应，选项A可以作为本段的主题句。故选A。 4．根据上文“Planting a small vegetable garden or even a few herbs in pots can be a rewarding experience. (种植一个小菜园，甚至在花盆里种植一些草药都是一种有益的经历。)”以及下文“It’s a great way to ensure you’re eating fresh and healthy food while also reducing your carbon footprint. (这是一个确保你吃到新鲜健康食物的好方法，同时也减少了你的碳足迹。)”可知，空格处需要进一步说明“种植一个小菜园的好处”。选项G. This can also be a fun and educational activity for the whole family. (对于整个家庭来说，这也是一个有趣和有教育意义的活动。)中的This指的是“Planting a small vegetable garden or even a few herbs in pots”承接上文；呼应下文中的it；所以能够承上启下。故选G。 5．根据上文“Use public transportation, carpool, or bike. Instead of driving alone, consider using public transportation, carpooling, or biking to work or school. (使用公共交通工具，拼车或骑自行车。与其独自开车，不如考虑乘坐公共交通工具、拼车或骑自行车去上班或上学。)”以及下文“This can significantly reduce your carbon emissions and improve air quality. (这可以显著减少碳排放，改善空气质量。)”可知，空格处说明的是“使用交通工具”。选项C. It’s easy to get started with these practices. (开始这些很容易。)中these practice承接上文中的“using public transportation”，呼应下文中的This，所以能够承上启下。故选C。 （23-24高二下·江苏南京·期末）There’s a belief that it is inadvisable to have plants in the bedroom. The concern is about how plants breathe. While plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen in the day, at night this is the opposite. 1 But to tell whether sharing our bedroom with our plants is a risk to health, we have to consider three things. 2 This is tricky to answer as it depends on everything from species to light levels and even room temperature, Also, there’s not much research on the exact measurements in indoor settings. Thankfully, in 2015, researchers at Turkey’s Kastamonu University found that houseplants like ficus (榕树) and yuccas (丝兰), when sealed (密封) in glass boxes, absorb between six and eight times as much CO2 in the day as they emit at night. This results in a significant net reduction over a full day. Secondly, we should compare the impact of plants on air quality with that of other potential competitors, such as a partner, A single human breath contains around 40,000 ppm of CO2, more than 10 times the effect a plant could have in 8 hours. 3 Also, consider this. Indoor plants grow in less light than they would ideally get in nature. So, they photosynthesize (光合作用) at a lower rate. This further reduces their impact on air quality. Finally, it is obvious that we don’t live in the sealed boxes in which these studies are carried out. 4 Even our movements can influence its flow. In conclusion, the plant effect in our homes is very small in many ways. 5 If sleeping near plants were bad for your health, camping in a forest would be definitely deadly. A．Firstly, how do plants breathe at night? B．So enjoy houseplants whenever you like. C．Firstly, do plants emit more CO2 at night? D．Camping can be a good escape if you are worried. E．This means they compete with us for air when we sleep. F．Indoor air is constantly exchanged through doors and windows. G．So you might want to send your partner away before your plants. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．G 4．F 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就植物晚上是否会影响人类的问题进行了解释说明。 1．根据上文“There’s a belief that it is inadvisable to have plants in the bedroom. The concern is about how plants breathe. While plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen in the day, at night this is the opposite.(有一种观点认为卧室里不宜种植植物。人们担心的是植物如何呼吸。白天，植物吸收二氧化碳，释放氧气，而到了晚上，情况却恰恰相反)”可知，上文提到植物晚上需要氧气，呼出二氧化碳。由此可知，本句是说明植物晚上对人的影响。故E选项“这意味着它们在我们睡觉时与我们争夺空气”符合语境，故选E。 2．根据后文“This is tricky to answer as it depends on everything from species to light levels and even room temperature, Also, there’s not much research on the exact measurements in indoor settings. Thankfully, in 2015, researchers at Turkey’s Kastamonu University found that houseplants like ficus (榕树) and yuccas (丝兰), when sealed (密封) in glass boxes, absorb between six and eight times as much CO2 in the day as they emit at night. This results in a significant net reduction over a full day.(这个问题很难回答，因为它取决于各种因素，从物种到光照水平，甚至是室温。此外，关于室内环境中精确测量的研究也不多。值得庆幸的是，2015年，土耳其Kastamonu大学的研究人员发现，榕树和丝兰等室内植物被密封在玻璃盒中，白天吸收的二氧化碳是夜间排放的6到8倍。这导致在一整天中显著的净减少)”可知，本段主要介绍了关于植物夜间排放二氧化碳量多少的研究，故C选项“首先，植物在夜间排放更多的二氧化碳吗？”符合语境，故选C。 3．根据上文“Secondly, we should compare the impact of plants on air quality with that of other potential competitors, such as a partner, A single human breath contains around 40,000 ppm of CO2, more than 10 times the effect a plant could have in 8 hours.(其次，我们应该比较植物对空气质量的影响与其他潜在的竞争对手，如合作伙伴，一个人的呼吸含有大约40000 ppm的二氧化碳，比植物在8小时内产生的影响的10倍还多)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，指出伴侣对人的影响比植物更大。故G选项“所以你可能想在你的植物之前把你的伴侣打发走”符合语境，故选G。 4．根据上文“Finally, it is obvious that we don’t live in the sealed boxes in which these studies are carried out.(最后，很明显，我们并不是生活在进行这些研究的封闭盒子里)”可知，本句承接上文，说明不是生活在封闭盒子中的原因是存在气体交换的通道，故F选项“室内空气通过门窗不断交换”符合语境，故选F。 5．根据上文“In conclusion, the plant effect in our homes is very small in many ways.(总之，在很多方面，我们家中的植物效应是非常小的)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，指出植物对人的影响小。故B选项“所以只要你喜欢，随时都可以欣赏室内植物”符合语境，故选B。 （23-24高二下·江西抚州·期末）A satellite is an object in space that orbits around another. It has two kinds—natural satellites and artificial satellites. 1 while artificial satellites are those made by man. Despite their widespread impact on daily life, artificial satellites mainly depend on different complicated makeups. On the outside, they may look like a wheel, equipped with solar panels or sails. Inside, 2 , which include whatever tools the satellites need to perform their work. Among them, high-resolution cameras and communication electronics are typical ones. Besides, the part that carries the load and holds all the parts together is called the bus. 3 . Computers function as the satellite’s brain, which receive information, interpret it, and send messages back to the earth. Advanced digital cameras serve as the satellite’s eyes. Sensors are other important parts that not only recognize light, heat, and gases, but also record changes in what is being observed. Radios on the satellite send information back to the earth. Solar panels provide electrical power for the computers and other equipment. Artificial satellites use gravity to stay in their orbits. 4 . To stay in the earth’s orbit, the speed of a satellite must adjust to the tiniest changes in the pull of gravity. The satellite’s speed works against earth’s gravity just enough so that it doesn’t go speeding into space or falling back to the earth. Rockets carry satellites to different types and heights of orbits, based on the tasks they need to perform. 5 , which can be 200-500 miles high. The closer to the earth, the stronger the gravity is. Therefore, these satellites must travel at about 17,000 miles per hour to keep themselves from falling back to the earth, while higher-orbiting satellites can travel more slowly. A．Satellites closer to the earth are in low-earth orbit B．Artificial satellites come in many shapes and size C．Examples of natural satellites are the Earth and Moon D．they have different tools to perform different functions E．the satellites contain mission-specific scientific instruments F．Earth’s gravity pulls everything toward the center of the planet G．Artificial satellites operate in a systematic way just like humans 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．G 4．F 5．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人造卫星的组成、运行方式和速度等基本情况。 1．根据上文“A satellite is an object in space that orbits around another. It has two kinds—natural satellites and artificial satellites.(卫星是太空中围绕另一个物体运行的物体。它有两种——天然卫星和人造卫星。)”和下文“while artificial satellites are those made by man.(然而人造卫星是由人类制造的。)”可知，上文提到了卫星有两种，自然卫星和人造卫星，下文提到了人造卫星，空处应该解释什么是自然卫星。C项：Examples of natural satellites are the Earth and Moon(自然卫星的例子是地球和月球)符合语境。故选C。 2．根据上文“On the outside, they may look like a wheel, equipped with solar panels or sails.(在外面，它们可能看起来像一个轮子，配备了太阳能电池板或帆。)”可知，上文提到人造卫星的构造，其中提到它们内部包含完成任务所需的工具。因此，接下来的句子应该详细描述这些工具是什么。E项：the satellites contain mission-specific scientific instruments(卫星载有特定任务的科学仪器)符合语境。故选E。 3．根据下文“Computers function as the satellite’s brain, which receive information, interpret it, and send messages back to the earth. Advanced digital cameras serve as the satellite’s eyes. Sensors are other important parts that not only recognize light, heat, and gases, but also record changes in what is being observed. Radios on the satellite send information back to the earth. Solar panels provide electrical power for the computers and other equipment.(计算机就像卫星的大脑一样，接收信息，解释信息，并将信息发回地球。先进的数码相机充当卫星的眼睛。传感器是另一个重要部件，它不仅能识别光、热和气体，还能记录所观察到的变化。卫星上的无线电把信息发回地球。太阳能电池板为电脑和其他设备提供电力。)”可知，下文详细描述了人造卫星的组成部分以及它们的功能，如计算机、高级数字相机、传感器、无线电和太阳能电池板等，这些部分协同工作，使得人造卫星能够执行各种任务。因此，这里需要一个句子来概括人造卫星的工作方式。G项：Artificial satellites operate in a systematic way just like humans(人造卫星像人类一样以系统的方式运作)符合语境。故选G。 4．根据下文“To stay in the earth’s orbit, the speed of a satellite must adjust to the tiniest changes in the pull of gravity. The satellite’s speed works against earth’s gravity just enough so that it doesn’t go speeding into space or falling back to the earth.(为了保持在地球轨道上运行，卫星的速度必须根据引力最微小的变化进行调整。卫星的速度与地球的重力刚好相反，所以它不会加速进入太空或落回地球。)”可知，下文提到人造卫星需要调整速度来对抗地球的引力，以保持轨道稳定。因此，本句需要解释为什么需要这样做。F项：Earth’s gravity pulls everything toward the center of the planet(地球的引力把所有东西都拉向地球的中心)符合语境。故选F。 5．根据下文“Therefore, these satellites must travel at about 17,000 miles per hour to keep themselves from falling back to the earth, while higher-orbiting satellites can travel more slowly. (因此，这些卫星必须以每小时约17000英里的速度运行，以防止自己落回地球，而轨道较高的卫星可以运行得更慢。)”可知，空处需要一个句子来引出这些卫星的轨道高度。A项：Satellites closer to the earth are in low-earth orbit(靠近地球的卫星在近地轨道上)符合语境。故选A。 试卷第1页，共3页 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$