2025届高三英语二轮复习阅读理解 推理判断题 课件

英语阅读 推理判断题—— 写作手法/文章内容推测题 health care debt (2024·安徽皖江名校联盟二模)　体裁:说明文　主题语境:社会生活　难度:★★★ ☆　 　　Approximately half of working-age Americans are struggling to pay for health care expenses, according to a new analysis, which also found around 1 in 3 individuals are struggling with some form of health care debt. Findings released Thursday from the first-ever Health Care Affordability Survey from the Commonwealth Fund show 51% of adults between 19 and 64 years old said it was either very or somewhat difficult for them and their family to afford their health care costs, including 43% of people who reported having employer-based health insurance and 57% who had health insurance through a marketplace or individual plan. About half of working-age adults with Medicare coverage and 45% of those insured under Medicaid (医疗补助) also reported having difficulty paying health care costs. Notably, 65% of working-age adults also said price inflation for other goods and services in the past year had affected their or their family’s ability to afford health care. The survey, concerning a nationally representative sample of nearly 7,900 people 19 and older in the U.S., was conducted from mid-April through July of this year. It follows a separate analysis from research organization KFF that showed both health insurance costs for employer-sponsored plans and worker contributions to those plans ticked up in 2023.  The newly published analysis found that 38% of respondents cited affordability as the reason they or a family member skipped or delayed getting needed health care services or filling prescription medication in the past 12 months, including 29% of people with employer-based coverage, 37% who were covered by individual and marketplace health plans, 42% who had Medicare and 39% who were covered by Medicaid. More than 6 in 10 people who lacked any type of health insurance said they or a family member delayed or skipped care because they couldn’t afford it. And among all those who reported skipping or delaying care, 57% said a health problem got worse as a result. 根据一项新的分析,大约一半的处于工作年龄的美国人正在努力支付医疗费用,该分析还发现,大约三分之一的人正在与某种形式的医疗债务作斗争。 关于美国劳动年龄人群医疗支付情况的调查报告分析类文章。 提出问题---分析问题---强调后果 1. 开篇：首段指出问题：约一半劳动年龄的美国人在努力支付医疗费用，约三分之一的人存在某种医疗债务，点明文章主题是美国劳动年龄人群的医疗支付困境。 2. 主体：中间段落通过引用不同来源的数据（如Commonwealth Fund的调查、KFF的分析等），分别从不同保险类型人群（有雇主提供保险的、通过市场购买保险的、享受Medicare和Medicaid的等）在支付医疗费用方面的困难比例，以及价格通胀对支付能力的影响等方面，具体阐述美国人医疗支付的现状。 3. 结尾：尾段强调缺乏任何医疗保险的人群中，因负担不起而延迟或放弃治疗的比例，以及由此导致健康问题恶化的情况，进一步突出医疗支付问题带来的不良后果。 根据一项新的分析，大约一半的美国劳动年龄人口难以负担医疗费用，该分析还发现，约三分之一的人背负着某种医疗债务。 联邦基金（Commonwealth Fund）周四发布的首份《医疗负担能力调查》结果显示，在19岁至64岁的成年人中，51%的人称他们及其家人很难负担医疗费用，认为负担 “非常困难” 或 “有些困难”，这其中包括43% 拥有雇主提供医疗保险的人，以及57% 通过市场或个人计划获得医疗保险的人。 约一半拥有医保（Medicare）的劳动年龄成年人和45% 享受医疗补助（Medicaid）的人也表示难以支付医疗费用。值得注意的是，65% 的劳动年龄成年人还表示，过去一年其他商品和服务的价格上涨影响了他们及其家人负担医疗费用的能力。 这项调查涵盖了美国近7900名19岁及以上具有全国代表性的样本，调查时间从今年4月中旬持续到7月。此前，凯泽家庭基金会（KFF）的另一项分析显示，2023年雇主赞助医保计划的费用以及员工对这些计划的缴费均有所增加 。 最新公布的分析发现，38% 的受访者称，在过去12个月里，他们或家庭成员因费用负担问题，放弃或推迟了必要的医疗服务或处方药的配药，这其中包括29% 拥有雇主提供医保的人、37% 拥有个人和市场医保计划的人、42% 拥有医保（Medicare）的人，以及39% 享受医疗补助（Medicaid）的人。 超过十分之六没有任何医保的人称，他们或家庭成员因负担不起费用而推迟或放弃了医疗服务。在所有推迟或放弃医疗服务的人中，57% 的人表示，因此健康问题变得更严重了。 which also found around 1 in 3 individuals are struggling with some form of health care debt. Findings released Thursday from the first-ever Health Care Affordability Survey from the Commonwealth Fund show 51% of adults between 19 and 64 years old said it was either very or somewhat difficult for them and their family to afford their health care costs, including 43% of people who reported having employer-based health insurance and 57% who had health insurance through a marketplace or individual plan. 判断写作手法题。第二段介绍51%的人很难负担医疗费用,其中43%的人有雇主提供的医疗保险,57%的人通过市场或个人计划购买医疗保险;第四段介绍受访对象和人数:近7 900名19岁及以上;倒数第二段介绍:38%的受访者表示,在过去12个月里,他们或家庭成员没有或推迟获得所需的医疗服务或服用处方药的原因是负担得起,其中29%的人有雇主提供的医疗保险,37%的人有个人和市场健康计划,42%的人有医疗保险,39%的人有医疗补助。由此可知,作者主要通过列举数据陈述医疗费用现状。故选A。 解析 5.How does the article present Americans’ health care payment situation? A. By citing data. B. By giving examples. C. By giving reasons. D. By making comparisons. B选项（By giving examples）：文章虽然有提及不同保险类型人群的情况，但并非通过讲述具体的事例（如具体某个人或某个家庭的故事等）来呈现美国人的医疗支付情况，而是以数据列举为主，所以该选项错误。 • C选项（By giving reasons）：题目问的是呈现医疗支付情况的方式，而不是解释导致这种情况的原因，文章主要不是在阐述原因，所以该选项偏离题目要求 • D选项（By making comparisons）：文中虽有不同保险类型人群数据的对比，但这不是呈现美国人医疗支付情况的主要方式，主要方式是引用大量数据，所以该选项不准确。 写作手法题 About half of working-age adults with Medicare coverage and 45% of those insured under Medicaid (医疗补助) also reported having difficulty paying health care costs. Notably, 65% of working-age adults also said price inflation for other goods and services in the past year had affected their or their family’s ability to afford health care. 细节理解题。根据第三段Notably后的“过去一年其他商品和服务的价格上涨影响了他们或家人支付医疗费用的能力”可知,较高的生活成本导致大多数处于工作年龄的美国人难以支付医疗费用。故选C。 6.What leads to most working-age Americans’ difficulty in paying health care costs? A. Their heavy debt. B. Unemployment. C. Higher cost of living. D. Higher health care payment. • A选项（Their heavy debt）：文中只是提到约三分之一的人存在医疗债务，但并没有表明沉重的债务是导致大多数劳动年龄美国人支付医疗费用困难的原因，属于无中生有，所以该选项错误。 • B选项（Unemployment）：原文中自始至终都没有提及失业与支付医疗费用困难之间的关联，所以该选项不符合文意。 • D选项（Higher health care payment）：文章强调的是过去一年其他商品和服务的价格通胀影响了人们支付医疗费用的能力，并非单纯说医疗支付本身的升高，所以该选项不准确。 It follows a separate analysis from research organization KFF that showed both health insurance costs for employer-sponsored plans and worker contributions to those plans ticked up in 2023.  词句猜测题。第三段介绍较高的生活成本导致工薪阶层买保险能力下降,画线词所在句指雇主和工人缴纳的健康保险费用也相应有所上升,故画线词意思是“上升”。故选B。 解析 7.What may the underlined phrase “ticked up” in the fourth paragraph mean? A. Declined. B. Climbed up. C. Remained stable. D. Kept uncertain. A选项（Declined）：结合前文提到人们支付医疗费用困难以及上下文逻辑，保险费用等应该是上升才会加剧支付困难，而不是下降，所以该选项与语境不符。 • C选项（Remained stable）：如果费用保持稳定，不太会导致人们支付困难的情况加剧，与文章中人们面临支付困难的表述不符，所以该选项错误。 • D选项（Kept uncertain）：从上下文来看，是在说明保险费用等的变化趋势，而不是说不确定，所以该选项错误。 推测题 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“在所有报告没有或延迟治疗的人中,57%的人表示健康问题因此恶化。”可知,那些没有任何类型的健康保险的人如果有健康问题,他们可能会变得更糟。故选A。 More than 6 in 10 people who lacked any type of health insurance said they or a family member delayed or skipped care because they couldn’t afford it. And among all those who reported skipping or delaying care, 57% said a health problem got worse as a result. 8.What may happen to those who lacked any type of health insurance? A. They may get worse if they have health problems. B. They are sure to obtain help from the government. C. They may have to skip or delay any health problems. D. They may not get affected with any diseases. B选项（They are sure to obtain help from the government）：文章中没有任何地方提到缺乏医疗保险的人肯定会得到政府的帮助，属于无中生有，所以该选项错误。 • C选项（They may have to skip or delay any health problems）：原文说的是他们或家人因负担不起而延迟或放弃治疗（care），而不是跳过或延迟健康问题，表述错误，所以该选项错误。 • D选项（They may not get affected with any diseases）：这与文章中提到的缺乏医疗保险的人因负担不起治疗而导致健康问题恶化的内容相悖，所以该选项错误。 积累　①affordability n. 可购性,负担能力　②skip v. 不做(应做的事 等);不参加;跳过(正常的步骤等);略过;漏过 Free-riding (2025届金华十校高三联考)　体裁:说明文　主题语境:社会现象　难度:★★★☆☆　 　　Free-riding means people can benefit from a service without paying anything. It also arises if people can get benefit without making equal contributions. So a free rider always enjoys the benefits of a resource or service while letting someone else do the work or do more work. There are several effects of the free rider problem. The first is the Tragedy of the Commons, a situation where individuals with access to a public resource act in their own interest and, in doing so, finally use up the resource. For example, imagine that a group of people share a piece of land where they all graze (让……吃草) their cattle. If each person just tries to maximize their own short-term gain, they will let their cattle graze as much as possible. However, if everyone does this, the land will quickly become overgrazed and will not be able to support any cattle. Another effect is that the free rider problem can lead to a situation where people have no access to important goods and services. This is because providers may not be able to get back the costs of providing the goods or services if too many people free ride. Imagine that a city decides to build a new hospital through donations. If too many people rely on others to donate, rather than donate themselves, then the hospital may not be built at all. This means that people who need medical care in the area may not have access to it. There are several solutions to the free rider problem. Government addresses the problem by collecting tax dollars to support public services. Theoretically, taxes are related to income, so fair cost-sharing can be achieved. Communities can turn their public resource into a private or club resource, charging fees to make sure everyone who uses it contributes to it. This will limit overuse and, over time, may even lead to altruistic (利他的) behavior. That is, many people may like the idea of making a small contribution to a resource that they use. 语篇结构分析 提出问题---分析问题---解决问题 • 第一段：定义“搭便车（免费享用）现象”，指出搭便车者不付出却享受服务或资源的特点 。 • 第二段：阐述搭便车问题产生的第一个影响——“公地悲剧” ，以人们共享土地放牧为例说明个人为私利过度使用公共资源。 • 第三段：说明搭便车问题的第二个影响——导致人们无法获得重要商品和服务 ，以城市靠捐赠建医院为例解释。 • 第四段：提出解决方法，包括政府征税和社区将公共资源转变为收费的私有或俱乐部资源等 。 全文翻译 搭便车（免费享用）现象是指人们可以在不支付任何费用的情况下从一项服务中受益。当人们可以在不做出同等贡献的情况下享受资源或服务时，这种情况就会出现。所以，搭便车者总是在让别人承担工作或付出更多的同时，享受资源或服务带来的好处。 搭便车问题会产生多种影响。第一个是“公地悲剧”，即个人为了自身利益行事，最终过度使用公共资源。例如，想象有一群人共享一块土地用来放牧（让牛吃草）。如果每个人都只是试图最大化自己的短期收益，他们就会尽可能多地让自己的牛在这块地上吃草。然而，如果每个人都这样做，土地很快就会耗尽，无法再支撑牛群。 另一个影响是，搭便车问题可能导致人们无法获得重要的商品和服务。这是因为商品和服务的提供者可能无法收回提供这些商品和服务的成本。例如，假设一个城市决定通过捐赠来建造一家新医院。如果太多人依赖他人捐赠而自己不捐，那么医院可能根本建不起来。这就意味着该地区需要医疗服务的人可能无法获得医疗服务。 解决搭便车问题有几种方法。政府通过征税来支持公共服务，以此来解决这个问题。从理论上讲，税收与收入相关，所以可以实现公平的成本分摊。社区可以将公共资源转变为私有资源或俱乐部资源，收取费用以确保使用资源的每个人都为此做出贡献。这将限制过度使用，并且随着时间推移，甚至可能引发利他行为。也就是说，很多人可能会喜欢为共同利益做出小额贡献的想法。 　 　　Free-riding means people can benefit from a service without paying anything. It also arises if people can get benefit without making equal contributions. So a free rider always enjoys the benefits of a resource or service while letting someone else do the work or do more work. 隐含推断题。根据第一段可知,搭便车意味着人们无须支付任何费用就可以从一项服务中获益。如果人们不做出同等的贡献就能获得利益,也会出现这种情况。所以搭便车者总是享受某种资源或服务的好处,而让别人做这些工作或做更多的工作。选项C“Let George do it. (让乔治来做吧。)” 最能体现搭便车的本质,意味着让别人去做事,而自己享受成果,符合搭便车者不付出成本却享受利益的特点。故选C。 9.Which of the following may best show the nature of free-riding? A. Less is more. B. Many hands make light work. C. Let George do it. D. Jack of all trades and master of none. 解析 ◦ A选项“Less is more.”（少即是多）：文中未提及与“少和多”这种关系相关内容，和搭便车现象本质无关。 ◦ B选项“Many hands make light work.”（人多好办事）：强调人多力量大，和搭便车者不劳而获的本质不相关。 ◦ D选项“Jack of all trades and master of none.”（样样通，样样松）：说的是技能方面，和搭便车现象毫无关联。 推测题 There are several effects of the free rider problem. The first is the Tragedy of the Commons, a situation where individuals with access to a public resource act in their own interest and, in doing so, finally use up the resource. For example, imagine that a group of people share a piece of 细节理解题。由第二段前两句“搭便车问题有几个影响。第一种是‘公共的悲剧’,在这种情况下,拥有公共资源的个人为了自己的利益而行动,最终耗尽了资源”可知,搭便车问题产生的影响之一是共享资源因个人追求私利而被过度使用。故选C。 10.What is one of the effects produced by the free rider problem? A. People tend to maximize their long-term gain. B. A group of people have to share goods and services. C. Individuals overuse a shared resource for personal gain. D. The costs of providing the goods and services are rising. 解析 ◦ A选项“People tend to maximize their long - term gain.”（人们倾向于最大化长期收益）：文中明确说人们是追求短期收益，不是长期收益，与原文不符。 ◦ B选项“A group of people have to share goods and services.”（一群人不得不共享商品和服务）：这只是一个客观事实描述，不是搭便车问题产生的影响。 ◦ D选项“The costs of providing the goods and services are rising.”（提供商品和服务的成本在上升）：文中未提及成本上升相关内容，无中生有。 Another effect is that the free rider problem can lead to a situation where people have no access to important goods and services. This is because providers may not be able to get back the costs of providing the goods or services if too many people free ride. Imagine that a city decides to build a new hospital through donations. If too many people rely on 写作手法题。第三段第一句提出免费搭车问题的一个影响:导致人们无法获得重要商品和服务。接着假设一个城市试图通过捐赠建立新医院的情景来阐述如果太多人期望他人捐款而非自己行动,可能会导致医院建不成的后果。因此,该段主要通过举例子展开论述免费搭车问题的一个影响。故选B。 11.How is paragraph 3 mainly developed? A. By referring to a study. B. By giving an example. C. By making a comparison. D. By explaining a definition. 解析 ◦ A选项“By referring to a study.”（通过引用一项研究）：第三段没有引用任何研究内容。 ◦ C选项“By making a comparison.”（通过做比较）：第三段没有将不同事物进行对比。 ◦ D选项“By explaining a definition.”（通过解释一个定义）：第三段不是在解释定义，而是在举例说明搭便车问题的影响。 写作手法题 There are several solutions to the free rider problem. Government addresses the problem by collecting tax dollars to support public services. Theoretically, taxes are related to income, so fair cost-sharing can be achieved. Communities can turn their public resource into a private or club resource, charging fees to make sure everyone who uses it contributes to it. This will limit overuse and, over time, may even lead to altruistic (利他的) behavior. That is, many people may like the idea of making a small contribution to a resource that they use. 写作意图题。文章整体介绍了什么是搭便车问题、它产生的几个效应以及针对这一问题的几种解决方案。其主要目的是告知读者搭便车问题的存在及其影响,以及可能的解决办法。故选C。 12.What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To draw people’s attention to public services. B. To stress the importance of making donations. C. To inform the readers of the free rider problem. D. To call on the government to solve the free rider problem. 写作意图题。文章整体介绍了什么是搭便车问题、它产生的几个效应以及针对这一问题的几种解决方案。其主要目的是告知读者搭便车问题的存在及其影响,以及可能的解决办法。故选C。 解析 ◦ A选项“To draw people's attention to public services.”（引起人们对公共服务的关注）：文章重点不是单纯关注公共服务，而是搭便车问题及其解决办法 ◦ B选项“To stress the importance of making donations.”（强调捐赠的重要性）：捐赠只是文中举例内容，不是文章主要目的。 ◦ D选项“To call on the government to solve the free - rider problem.”（呼吁政府解决搭便车问题）：文章不仅提到政府解决办法，还提到社区的办法，并非单纯呼吁政府。 积累 重点词 maximize vt.使增加到最大限度;充分利用;最大限度地利用 派生词 (theory→ theoretical+-ly=) theoretically adv.理论地;理论上 合成词 ①free-riding n.搭便车　②cost-sharing n.分摊费用 熟词 生义 address熟义: n.地址　生义: vt.演说;演讲;向……说话;设法解决;处理 语块 ①in one’s own interest为了自己的利益/好处 ②use up用完;用光 $$