Unit 7 International charities被动语态、练习-2024-2025学年译林版英语八年级下册

Unit 7 International charities被动语态、练习20242025学年译林版英语八年级下册

（一）英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 

1. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 

 例如：Many students study English. 

2. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。 

 例如：English is studied by many students. 

3. 主动句和被动句的对比： 

 例如：He repaired the bike. 他修了自行车。（主动句） 

The bike was repaired. 自行车被修了。（被动句） 

4. 被动语态的构成 

 被动语态由“助动词 be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过 be 的变化表现出来的。 

 一般现在时：am / is / are＋done 

 例如：Flowers are watered by him every day. 

 一般过去时：was / were＋done 

 例如：The bridge was built in 2010. 

（二）谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义 

1. 英语中有很多动词如 break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash 等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。 

 例：This kind of shirt washes well. 

 注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。 

 试比较：The door won’t lock. （指门本身有毛病） 

The door won’t be locked. （指不会有人来锁门，指“门没有锁”是人的原因） 

2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如 happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out 等以主动形式表示被动意义。 

 例：When did the war break out? 这场战争是什么时候爆发的？ 

3. 系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词 feel, sound, taste, look, smell 等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 

 例：The food tastes delicious. 

强化练习

（  ）1. It is reported that this kind of virus ________ serious illness if ________ in time. 

A. will cause; not treated 

B. has caused; not treating 

C. causes; not treated 

D. will cause; not treating 

（  ）2. —I’d like some noodles for dinner. 

—I’m sorry, madam. They ________ only for lunch. 

A. serve       B. are served 

C. will serve   D. were serving 

（  ）3. It will take 20 minutes from Nanjing to Yangzhou after the new railway ________ next month. 

A. is built   B. will be built 

C. builds    D. will build 

（  ）4. —How nice this kind of robot is! Where is it made? 

—It ________ in that factory. It’s very popular. 

A. makes   B. is making   C. is made   D. was making 

（  ）5. —When will the astronauts return? 

—Not until their task ________ in five months. 

A. finishes      B. will finish 

C. is finished   D. will be finished 

（  ）6. —Air pollution has become a big problem in our city. 

—Yes. And it ________ worse if no actions ________ in the future. 

A. will get; are taken       B. gets; are taken 

C. will get; will be taken   D. gets; will be taken 

（  ）7. These kinds of shoes ________. They ________ quickly in all the stores. 

A. are worn well; are sold out   B. wear well; are sold out