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小升初英语专题总复习
专题二十四 重点词汇辨析
考点 ①
常见近义词辨析
1.look, see, watch, read
(1)look指提醒别人,引起注意的“看”。如:
Look! There is a bird near the blackboard.看!黑板旁边有只鸟。
注意:look后不能直接接名词,必须和at连用才能接名词,表示提醒别人看某物或某人。如:
Look at me, please.请看着我。
(2)see强调“看”的结果,是“看见”之意。看见一样东西用see不用look。如:
You can see a dog under the bed.你可以看见床底下有一只狗。
(3) watch意为“注视”,指仔细地观察。如:
I am watching the boy.我在注视着这个男孩。
(4) read指“阅读”。如:
I am reading a book now.我现在在看书。
She often reads storybooks in the evening.她经常在晚上看故事书。
一、用 look、see、watch、read的适当形式填空。例题
1. Jenny's sister ________ a book in her room.
2. Please ________ the blackboard, boys and girls.
3. What other things can you ________ on the table?
4. ________! What are they doing under the tree?
5. My brother and I are ________ TV.
6. Are they ________ a football game?
(参考答案在文档末)
2.say, speak, tell, talk
(1)say意思是“说,讲”,着重指说话的内容,常作及物动词,后面跟宾语。如:
He said something that I didn't know.他说了某件我不知道的事。
(2)speak指说话、演讲。着重强调说的动作,不注重说的内容,一般作不及物动词。作及物动词时所接的宾语只能是语言或真理、事实(truth)。如:
Can you speak Chinese?你会说汉语吗?
(3)tell指告诉、讲。着重强调是一人对另一人说的话,后面要跟双宾语,即先跟听话人(后接人称代词宾格或人名),再接说话的内容。如:
My mother told me a story yesterday. 我妈妈昨天给我讲了一个故事。
(4) talk指说话、交谈。着重强调交谈,后面通常接介词about、with、to等,再接说话的内容。如:
They are talking about the film.他们正在谈论那部电影。
二、用say, tell, speak, talk, address的适当形式填空例题
1. He ________ he is hungry.
2. My mother often ________ me stories before bedtime.
3. Can you ________ French?
4. They are ________ about their plans for the weekend.
3.borrow, lend
(1) borrow从主语角度讲是“借来,借进”,常用短语为“borrow sth. from sb.”。如:
She borrowed some books from your sister.她从你姐姐那里借来了一些书。
(2) lend从主语角度讲是“借出”,常用短语为“lend sth. to sb.”或“lend sb.sth.”。如:
He lends a pen to me./ He lends me a pen.他把钢笔借给了我。
三、根据所给中文提示完成下列句子。 例题
1. Could you ________ me your dictionary?(你能借我你的字典吗?)
2. Students can ________ up to 5 books from the school library.(学生最多可从图书馆借5本书。)
4.correct, right
(1)correct作形容词时意为“正确的,恰当的”;作动词时意为“纠正”。如:
He is correct in saying so.他那样说是对的。
The student can't correct the mistake. 这个学生不能纠正这个错误。
(2)right强调正确性,不可以作动词,另有“右边;右方的”之意。如:
You are right.你是对的。
My bag is on the right. 我的包在右侧。
5.news, message
(1)news强调具有新闻性的消息和报道。如:
Your teacher is in the news.你的老师在新闻里。
(2) message常指口信、书面留言、电文等。如:
I have a message for you from Lily.我这儿有莉莉给你的口信。
四、从方框中选词并用其适当形式填空。例题
1.There is some ________ about the concert in the school newspaper.
2.Could you please take a ________ for Lisa?
6.question, problem
(1)question意思较广,一般指需要解答或回答的问题。如:
They asked a great many questions about England.他们问了一大堆有关英格兰的问题。
(2)problem指存在需要解决的问题或物理、数学中的难题。如:
I can't solve this maths problem. 我解不出这道数学题。
五、用question, problem完成句子:例题
1.他正在想一道数学难题。
He is thinking about a maths _________.
2.这个问题很难被解决。
The ________ is difficult to be solved.
3.我可以问你一些问题吗?
May I ask you some ________?
4.问题是如何为工程筹集资金。
The ________ is how to get the money for the project.
5.现在仔细听我说然后回答我的问题。
Now listen to me carefully and answer my _______.
7.answer, reply
(1)answer用法较普遍,指书面或口头答复。如:
I called, but no one answered. 我打了电话,但是没人接听。
(2)reply较正式,指经过考虑后的答复。对……做出回复 reply to=answer如:
"I don't have time to talk with you," he replied.“我没有时间跟你交谈。”他回答道。
六、单项选择。 例题
( )The students______but didn't______my question.
A. answered, reply B. replied, answer C. replied, replied
8.sick, ill
(1)sick指“生病”的意思时,可作表语、定语。如:
She is looking after her sick father.她在照顾她生病的父亲。
(2)ill表示“有病的,不健康的”时只作表语,一般不作定语。但当它表示“坏的;邪恶的”等意思时,只能作定语,不能作表语。如:
His mother is ill.他妈妈病了。
He is a ill man.他是一个邪恶的人。
七、用sick或ill填空。 例题
1.She is ________ in bed.
2.The smell makes me ________.
9.big, large
(1)big较口语化,指事物面积或体积的大小。如:
The box is too big to carry. 这个盒子太大拿不动。
(2) large指巨大,在表示数量大时用large,而不用big。如:
She has a large number of books. 她有大量的书。
10.desk, table
(1) desk指课桌,与学习有关。如:
There are twenty desks in our classroom. 我们教室里有二十张课桌。
(2) table指桌子、餐桌,与生活有关。如:
The girl is eating at the table.那个女孩正在桌边吃饭。
11.evening, night
(1) evening指“傍晚”。如:
We get together at the gate in the evening.我们傍晚在门口集合。
(2) night指“夜;夜晚”。如:
She doesn't like to walk home late at night.她不喜欢深夜步行回家。
12.interesting, fun
(1) interesting指“有吸引力的,有趣的”,常用作形容词。如:
The book is interesting.这本书很有趣。
(2)fun指“玩笑,快乐,乐趣”,常用作名词。如:
We had a lot of fun at her birthday party. 我们在她的生日聚会上玩得很开心。
13.work, job
(1)work是不可数名词,通常指抽象意义上的工作。如:
I have a lot of work to do today. 今天我有许多工作要做。
(2)job是可数名词,指具体的工作。如:
You should clean the bedroom. It's your job.你应该打扫一下卧室。这是你的工作。
八、用work或job的适当形式填空。 例题
1. My mother______as an English teacher in No.1 middle school.
2. What a great______you have! You can read many books and magazines for free(免费).
3. You do a good______! Please keep working hard.
4. To be a doctor is good_______for me.
5. Both of my parents are_______in the hospital! They are doctors.
14.fine, well
(1)fine是形容词,指天气好、身体健康和事物的美好。如:
It's a fine day today. 今天是个好天气。
(2)well作形容词时,多指身体的好,只作表语;作副词时,是指某种行为的好。如:
He feels well. 他感觉很好。
He speaks English very well.他英语说得很好。
九、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。例题
1.Oh, it was fantastic! Lily danced so ________(good).
2.She's going to be ________(fine). She was always pretty strong.
15.wish, hope
(1)wish表示“希望,愿望”时,可能是可以实现的,也可能是难以实现的。如:
I wish you happy.我祝你幸福。
I wish that I knew the answer.我希望我知道这个答案。
(2)hope一般侧重于能够实现或有希望实现的愿望,意为“希望”。如:
I hope you'll be better.我希望你能更好。
16.cup, glass
(1)cup指带柄的瓷杯,用来喝茶、咖啡等,如:
Please pass me a cup of tea.请递给我一杯茶。
(2)glass通常指玻璃杯,一般盛水、牛奶等。如:
Would you like a glass of water?你想喝杯水吗?
考点 ②
常见反义词(对应词)
1.名词(n.)
day(白天)—night(黑夜) boy(男孩)—girl(女孩)
man(男人)—woman(女人) cock(公鸡)—hen(母鸡)
winter(冬天)—summer(夏天) spring(春天)—autumn/ fall(秋天)
Mr.(先生)—Mrs.(夫人) father(父亲)—mother(母亲)
uncle(叔叔)—aunt(婶婶) brother(兄;弟)—sister(姐;妹)
grandfather(爷爷)—grandmother(奶奶)
2.动词(v.)
come(来)—go(去) cry(哭)—laugh(笑)
open(开)—close(关) start(开始)—stop(停止)
borrow(借用)—return(归还) buy(买)—sell(卖)
leave(离开)—stay(停留) forget(忘记)—remember(记住)
love(爱)—hate(恨) sit(坐)—stand(站)
take(拿走)—bring(带来) ask(问)—answer(答)
pull(拉)—push(推) find(发现)—lose(丢失)
3.副词(adv.)
yes(是)—no(不) here(这儿)—there(那儿)
always(总是)—never(从不)
4.介词(prep.)
in(里)—out(外) up(向上)—down(向下)
inside(里面)—outside(外面) over(在······上面)—under(在······下面)
above(在······上方)—below(在······下方) after(在······之后)—before(在······以前)
5.形容词(adj.)
big(大的)—small(小的) black(黑色的)—white(白色的)
bad(坏的)—good(好的) beautiful(美丽的)—ugly(丑陋的)
busy(忙碌的)—free(空闲的) cold(冷的)—hot(热的)
cool(凉爽的)—warm(温暖的) clean(干净的)—dirty(脏的)
clever(聪明的)—stupid(笨的) dark(黑暗的)—bright(明亮的)
dangerous(危险的)—safe(安全的) east(东方的)—west(西方的)
easy(容易的)—difficult(困难的) far(远的)—near(近的)
fast(快的)—slow(慢的) fat(胖的)—thin(瘦的)
happy(高兴的)—sad(悲伤的) hard(坚硬的)—soft(柔软的)
cheap(便宜的)—expensive(昂贵的) late(晚的)—early(早的)
left(左边的)—right(右边的) small(小的)—large(大的)
light(轻的)—heavy(重的) long(长的)—short(短的)
more(更多的)—less(较少的) new(新的)—old(旧的)
old(老的)—young(年轻的) poor(贫穷的)—rich(富有的)
quick(快的)—slow(慢的) quiet(安静的)—noisy(吵闹的)
right(对的)—wrong(错的) same(相同的)—different(不同的)
strong(强壮的)—weak(虚弱的) tall(高的)—short(矮的)
thick(厚的)—thin(薄的) worse(更糟的)—better(更好的)
考点 ③
常见同音词
hole(洞穴)—whole(全部的) deer(鹿)—dear(亲爱的)
right(正确的)—write(写) know(知道)—no(不)
sun(太阳)—son(儿子) four(四)—for(为)
here(这里)—hear(听见) meat(肉)—meet(见面)
father(爸爸)—farther(更远) where(在哪里)—wear(穿;戴)
hour(小时)—our(我们的) week(星期)—weak(体弱的)
their(他们的)—there(那里) buy(买)—by(表示方式;靠近)
pair(双)—pear(梨) too(也)—two(二)—to(到;往)
十、按要求完成下列各题。 例题
1. tall(反义词)________ 2. hasn't(完整形式)________
3. right(同音词)________ 4. girl(对应词)________
这道题主要是检查学生是否掌握单词的有关形式及与它们相关的单词。
答案 1. short 2. has not 3. write 4. boy
参考答案
一、1.is reading 2. look at 3.see 4.Look 5.watching 6. watching
二1. “He says he is hungry.”,“say”强调说话的内容,这里“he is hungry”是说话内容,主语是第三人称单数,所以用“says”。
2. “My mother often tells me stories before bedtime.”,“tell”有“讲述;告诉”的意思,“tell sb. stories”是固定搭配,意为“给某人讲故事”,主语是第三人称单数,用“tells”。
3. “Can you speak French?”,“speak”常用来表示说某种语言,“speak French”即“说法语”。
4. “They are talking about their plans for the weekend.”,“talk about”是固定短语,意为“谈论”,句子是现在进行时,所以用“talking”。
三、1.lend 2.borrow
四、1. news 2. message
五、1.problem 2. problem 3. questions 4. problem 5. questions
六、B
七、1.ill/sick 2.sick
八、1.works 2.job 3.job 4.work 5.working
九、1.well 2.fine
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