科技与发展加练-【一战成名新中考】2025年中考英语中考必考知识点专题特训

一、阅读理解 Passage 1（2024广安） What will the world of tomorrow be like? Many people today believe that technology is going to help solve some problems we have today. New technology may solve old problems, and it may also create new ones. No technology is perfect. Each has advantages and disadvantages. Here are three examples. When we dream about the future, many of us think that we will be able to fly to the sky in our own flying cars. We could fly at 480 km per hour, avoiding traffic lights and busy roads. However, if too many flying cars are in the air, there will be trouble with traffic control. 3D printing is another new technology for the future. 3D printers are already used to make life-size models of car parts（部件） , and man-made body parts, like ears. As we move into the future, 3D printing will change the way we make things and the way we treat sick people. The disadvantage is that such a machine is very expensive. Finally, people are trying to make a robot suit（套装）. This is an electronic suit. It allows people to lift heavy things and walk a long way. It might help people walk again after an illness or an accident. However, one disadvantage at the moment is the cost. It is easy to imagine a future. We will be able to fly to work, print out a new pair of shoes or lift a car above our heads. Although there are some problems to solve, we can certainly dream of a world. In this world, technology makes people’s life easier and safer, and it can solve some of the most difficult problems we have today. 1. How does the writer start the passage? A. By asking a question. B. By giving a report. C. By giving advice. D. By telling a story. 2. Which one of the following is NOT true? A. If too many flying cars are in the air, there will be problems with traffic control. B. 3D printing won’t change the way we make things. C. A robot suit costs too much at the moment. D. Technology can solve some of the most difficult problems we have today. 3. What might the robot suit help people do after an illness or an accident? A. It might help people fly to the sky. B. It might help people make models. C. It might help people walk again. D. It might help people save money. 4. What would be the best structure（结构） of this passage? （Paragraph1 = ① Paragraph2 = ② Paragraph3 = ③ Paragraph4 = ④ Paragraph5 = ⑤） A. B. C. D. 5. [2024 广安]What is the theme（主题） of the passage? A. Traffic. B. Machines. C. Clothes. D. Technology. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.D Passage 2（2024安徽） Dennis Hong and his students design （设计） human-like robots. This includes a cooking robot called Project YORI. YORI is only the latest of Hong’s robot inventions. There’s DAVID, the world’s first and only car that can be driven by the blind. And SAFFiR, a two-legged robot that can do dangerous work that humans are often unable to do. Hong is finding plenty of work for his robots. When he was asked about his biggest success, Hong chose the robot called DARwIn-OP. He thought it was one of the most widely used human-like robots for research and education. Hong’s team made DARwIn’s design free for anyone to use. They have seen many projects using the design. And they consider it a gift to the robotics community. “Many people only want to see our successes and not the failures that came before those, but failure is simply a stepping stone in developing new technology. If you’re too afraid of failure, then you only get to walk on the safer side, and then there’s no innovation （创新），” said Hong. “I tell my students to try breaking the robot. If the robot doesn’t fall and doesn’t break, we don’t get to learn anything. ” 1. Which robot is the most recent invention by Dennis Hong’s team? A. YORI. B. DAVID. C. SAFFiR. D. DARwIn-OP. 2. What is special about DARwIn according to the text? A. Its technology is the latest. B. It is a popular robot for the blind. C. It is the first human-like robot. D. Its design is free for anyone to use. 3. What does Dennis Hong encourage his students to do? A. Walk on the safer side. B. Do more for education. C. Keep trying and learning. D. Avoid making mistakes. 1.A 2.D 3.C Passage 3 Scientists have developed a way to read minds, translating unspoken thoughts into written words. It’s the first time it’s been done without having to put anything into the brain. They used artificial intelligence（AI） （人工智能）. It is the name given to a computer system that is able to “think” for itself and carry out tasks that usually require human intelligence. Scientists used a special scanner（扫描器）. The machine can see where blood runs, which shows the parts of the brain that are most active. People taking part in the experiment（实验） listened to the radio for 16 hours as their brains were scanned. The AI tool learned to connect certain brain activity with words they heard. After that, each person was asked to think of a story, and the Al tool managed to pick up these thoughts as they happened. The results had about a 50% accuracy rate（准确率）, although the AI found it hard to work out the meaning of pronouns, such as he or she, her or him. For example, it turned “I don’t have my driver’s license yet” into “She has not even started to learn to drive yet.” It could usually understand the meaning of what someone was thinking rather than the exact words. The AI was personalized, so when it had learnt from one person but it was tested on another, it couldn’t understand their thoughts. The scientists, who have been working on the technology for 15 years, say they understand the risks of it being used badly. Scientist Jerry Tang told a newspaper, “We want to make sure people only use these types of technologies when they want to, and that it helps them.” The scientists hope it will help people with certain medical conditions, who are still awake but have lost the ability to speak, to communicate once again. 1. What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 1 refer to （指代）? A. A way. B. Anything. C. The brain. D. AI. 2. What is the main purpose of paragraph 2? A. To describe the process of the experiment. B. To explain the results of the experiment. C. To offer some opinions about the experiment. D. To list the difficulties with the experiment. 3. What does the example in paragraph 3 show? A. The AI is much cleverer than people. B. The AI didn’t start the work as it was ordered. C. The AI couldn’t understand the exact words of what people thought. D. The AI will be well developed according to people’s special needs. 4. What can we learn from the text? A. It is not difficult to take AI under control. B. AI will not be used in a proper way in the future. C. AI is so wise that it can treat people with medical problems. D. It’s expected that AI will help those speechless exchange ideas. 5. What can be the best title for the text? A. High Risks of Using AI B. Mind-Reading Development C. Importance of Human Brain D. Ways of Improving Technology Passage 4 ①Recently, artificial intelligence (Al) has been making waves in the art world. Al image-making tools such as Midjourney and DALL-E 2 can now make amazing digital(数码的) paintings. How do they work? ②For DALL-E 2, the AI is fed huge collections of artworks. The program finds patterns (模式) in the pictures and, after a while, learns which features(特征) are important, such as people, animals, objects, styles, or colors. Then it can produce images that keep the key features and produce a good result. The app produces a lot of images at the same time but chooses the most accurate (准确的) ones for the user to choose from. ③These days, anyone can go online or download an app to produce their own AI art. Just give the program a few key words and choose a style, and it will create a digital painting in the style you want. This means that anyone can now create art, even if they don't know how to paint. ④Not everyone is happy about the growth of Al-generated (生成的) art. To some, it isn't art at all because AI depends on learning from only the information it is given. The AI isn't creating on its own. However, others think that AI is the same as humans and it is no different from any other artist. ⑤Some people also say that AI art has no value because it is too easy. It isn't created step-by-step by a human. Yet the same is true of photography. Just as artists of an earlier age welcomed photography, some artists today are using AI to create unique works of art. These artists find that they have to work together with the AI in exploring and experimenting - it isn't simple at all! ⑥At the heart of this debate (辩论) is an important question: Will AI replace human artists, or will humans learn to use AI as a tool to create great art? Only time will tell. 1. People can use Midjourney and DALL-E 2 to ________. A. collect artworks B. create paintings C. produce image-making tool D. take digital pictures of famous paintings 2. What does the underlined word "it" refer to in Paragraph 3? A.A style. B.AI art. C. The program. D. A key word. 3. Why are some people against AI-generated art? A. Because it is created step-by-step by humans. B. Because it can help people create unique artworks. C. Because it's too difficult to operate the technology. D. Because it depends on learning from information instead of creating on its own. 4. From this passage we can know the writer is_________ about the future of using Al to create art. A. sure B. uncertain C. worried D. excited 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人工智能在艺术界盛行，出现了许多的数码绘画，引发了一个重要问题：人工智能会取代人类艺术家，还是人类会学会使用人工智能作为创造伟大艺术的工具。 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.B Passage 5 Most kids know it’s wrong to shout at or hit someone. But what if that someone is Alexa—an AI (Artificial Intelligence人工智能) speaker, or Roomba—a robot cleaner? A new study by Teresa Flanagan, a developmental psychologist from Duke University, found that kids aged four to eleven felt neither Roomba nor Alexa should be shouted at or attacked. However, that feeling weakened as kids grew into their teens. Flanagan was inspired to do the research after watching some movies about robots. “In those movies, we see adults interacting with robots in terrible ways,” said Flanagan. “But how would kids interact with them?” Flanagan invited 127 children aged four to eleven to take part in the study. The kids were asked to watch a video of the two devices (设备) and then answer a few questions, like whether it was wrong to attack AI devices and how smart and sensitive they thought Alexa was compared to Roomba. Flanagan studied the survey data and found something encouraging. Overall, kids decided that both Alexa and Roomba, unlike humans, probably weren’t ticklish (怕痒) and wouldn’t feel pain when they got hit. However, they gave Alexa, but not Roomba, high marks for mental and emotional abilities, such as being able to think or getting upset when someone was mean to it. “Young children think Alexa, even without a body, has emotions and a mind,” Flanagan said. “But they don’t think Roomba does—maybe that has something to do with Alexa’s ability to have verbal(语音的) communication.” Although they believed the two intelligent devices had different abilities, children across all ages agreed it was wrong to hit or shout at the machines. However, the older kids got, the more they reported it would be more acceptable to attack devices. The findings offer new ideas about the changing relationship between children and intelligent devices and raise important questions about how we are supposed to treat them in general and as parents. Should adults, for example, model good behavior for their kids by thanking AI devices for their help? For now, Flanagan is trying to understand why children think it is wrong to attack intelligent devices. 1. Why does Flanagan mention some movies in Paragraph 3? A. To present how robots influence children. B. To stress the importance of AI technology. C. To explain where the research idea came from. D. To show the popularity of children’s TV shows. 2. What can we learn from the passage? A. Adults set a good example on treating AI. B Flanagan studied the data with the help of AI. C. Alexa has more physical feelings than Roomba. D. Younger kids hold a friendlier attitude to AI devices. 3. What will Flanagan probably do next? A. Examine what good manners kids show toward AI. B. Test whether Alexa is much smarter than Roomba. C. Survey how adults interact with intelligent devices. D. Study why kids think AI is worthy of nice treatment. 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项关于孩子对人工智能机器人的态度的实验。 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 1. C 2. D 3. D 二、还原型阅读 Have you heard of the APP ChatGPT? ____1____ It offers private and group chats, emojis, stickers, images, and videos, and makes conversations more interesting and attractive. The dialogue format makes it possible for ChatGPT to answer questions, admit its mistakes and refuse improper requirements. ____2____ However, an APP named GPTZero can help to prevent that. Edward Tian is a computer science student at Princeton University. The 22-year- old created GPTZero in response to（作为回应） the widespread use of ChatGPT. According to the student, the software is able to respond quickly and correctly. In only a few seconds, it can tell you if a given text is written by AI or a human. ____3____ These texts help it to find out whether an article is the work of AI or not. To examine one article, the APP will check how familiar it is with the given article based on the texts he has seen during training. The less familiar it is, the more likely it is to be the work of a human. GPTZero then scans the article to see how different it is. A human-written article usually differs a lot. ____4____ Mr. Tian is an AI supporter. ____5____ He says that ChatGPT is useful in helping him to write computer code and solve other problems. At the same time, he adds, it is important to develop safeguards （防护措施） for new technologies. A. After these two steps, it will give a final score. B. GPTZero has been trained with different texts. C. It is a free online chatbot that can perfectly write almost anything. D. He believes that AI will surely be a great help to life and work if used properly. E. Since its launch, it has been used by students and workers to cheat by creating written work for them. 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人工智能ChatGPT的好处以及弊端，以及GPTZero是如何运作的。 1. C 2. E 3. B 4. A 5. D 三、阅读表达 No artist required One day, Ammaar Reshi was playing around with a chatbot called ChatGPT, a computer program using artificial intelligence (AI) to copy the way human beings think and write. Reshi then came up with an idea to use the AI program to make a children’s book. The story of the book came from a conversation Reshi had with the chatbot, about a girl called Alice. And then he used another AI program, Mid-journey, to make illustrations(插图)for the book. Mid-journey is a new AI-powered tool that can turn words into amazing artwork, like pictures. The book, Alice and Sparkle, was done in just a couple of days. “Anyone can use these AI tools,” Reshi said. “And they’re not hard to use.” Reshi posted about the book online after it was finished. Heated argument about it started at once. Some people liked the lovely story as well as the beautiful illustrations and praised Reshi for his smartness. But not everyone welcomed the birth of the special book. Among them, artists were especially critical of it. They think the way the illustrations were made was a big problem. Mid-journey searches through millions of pictures created by artists on the Internet. And then it manages to find patterns (式样) in those pictures and create new ones based on the patterns. Artists often upload their work online for people to enjoy. But Mid-journey could be using their work without permission (允许). “The main problem to me about AI is that it was taken from artists’ work,” illustrator Adriane Tsai says. “It’s our creations, our personal styles that we did not permit them to use.” Many artists and writers are nervous about the future. Will people pay for their work if it can be done cheaper by using AI programs? Some companies are already choosing AI over human talent. The San Francisco Ballet used pictures made with Mid-journey to improve its production of the classic The Nutcracker. At a funny performance club, an AI-powered robot told jokes that made people laugh out loud. Journalist Abraham Riesman said, “It’s deeply troubling to see people looking for cheap alternatives(替代品) to actual human writing. ” Reshi says technology companies should protect artists and writers whose work might be used by AI tools. He suggests that they should involve artists and writers in the process of creation. 1. What is Mid-journey? ________________________________ 2. How long did it take the AI programs to create the book Alice and Sparkle? ________________________________ 3. What is Reshi’s advice to technology companies to protect artists and writers? ________________________________ 4. Do you think it is a good idea to use AI programs in the process of creation? Why or why not?(Give at least two reasons) ________________________________ 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Ammaar Reshi利用人工智能ChatGPT制作了一本儿童读物。 1. It’s a new AI-powered tool that can turn words into amazing artwork, like pictures. 2. For a couple of days. 3. They should involve artists and writers in the process of creation. 4. Yes, I do. Because AI brings convenience and people can create work quickly. 四、词语运用 Passage 1（2024凉山州） afford by everything easy information make only smart they when With the development of science and technology, our life is becoming more and more convenient. It seems that 1 has been reinvented and greatly improved. But there is one thing unlike them. It’s a blind walking stick. It was invented over 100 years ago and has been used 2 many blind people for a long time. However, it had remained unchanged until an engineer named Kursat decided 3 a change. Kursat is blind. He deeply understands the difficulties and challenges that the blind face. He put some technical knowledge into his invention and invented a 4 stick. He hoped his invention would help the blind. The smart stick uses built-in speakers and different sensors（传感器） to warn about possible dangers. It helps blind people know about the environment around 5 by using modern technology. It makes their travel much 6 than before. The stick is priced at around $500. It is less than half the price of most smart phones. Most people can 7 it. In the future, this invention is going to make a big difference to more blind people. “It will not 8 change my life, but also the life of other people. ” Kursat said, “These days, we are talking about flying cars, but the blind have been using just simple sticks. As a blind person, 9 I am at the subway station, I don’t know which is my exit. I don’t know which bus is coming or which stores are around me. But now, the smart stick can provide a lot of 10 for the blind, ” he said, “I believe the life of the blind will be much more convenient and safer. ” Passage 2(2024泸州改编) become but of effort challenges expensive them cross enough safely Imagine living in a world you can’t see the obstacles（障碍）in your way, the traffic lights at a crossing, or the faces of people around you. For millions 1 the blind, this is a daily reality（现实）. Traditional guide dogs have provided necessary support for the blind, helping them move 2 . However, training a traditional guide dog is unbelievably 3 and takes tons of time. It means that the number of guide dogs is smaller than that of blind people. Luckily, good news comes! Thanks to researchers from Northwestern Polytechnical University（西北工业大学）in China, Al guide dogs may soon 4 available to them. They achieved a breakthrough（突破）using an Al language model. The researchers are developing an AI guide dog that can help blind people 5 streets, use lifts and walk around indoors without having to be connected to the Internet. "In recent years, there have been some electronic guide dogs, 6 they cannot have conversations with people or fully understand human instructions, " said Sun Zhe, a teacher at the university. "They can only carry out tasks according to pre-designed programs. They are just cold machines. That’s not 7 . " "Our research makes it possible for the blind to get better guidance service and be less lonely. Blind people face many 8 in daily life. AI guide dogs can offer 9 a more convenient and safer life. " Sun added. According to the research team, there are still some ways to go before the guide dog can be put into use, and they will put more 10 into it and make it available to people in need as soon as possible. Passage 3 AI is an amazing artificial intelligence program. It is ____1____ (wide) used in a range of tasks. AI uses natural language processing to understand your questions and provide proper ____2____ (answer). Whether you need help with homework or want to learn about a new topic, AI is ready ____3____ (help) you. In addition, it is learning and improving its skills all the time, ____4____ it can provide even better responses in the future. As a language model, AI can also be helpful for writing tasks. ____5____ can offer phrases and sentence structures, and even help create content for your writing. Once you input the topic and provide some information, then AI ____6____ (do) the rest. Overall, AI is a ____7____ (use) tool to have. It can help you with everything from answering simple questions ____8____ writing reports. If you haven’t tried AI yet, be sure to give it a try. You won’t be ____9____ (disappoint) with the results. Who knows, maybe in the future AI will even be able to hold conversations with humans much _____10_____ (easy) than now. 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人工智能的用处。 1. widely 2. answers 3. to help 4. so 5. It 6. will do 7. useful 8. to 9. disappointed 10. more easily 五、书面表达 假如你是李华，你校英语公众号将推出以“科技”为主题的系列推送。请你用英文给公众号留言，介绍一个你认为最实用的设备（device）或应用程序（app），并描述它给生活带来的便利。 提示词语：technology, communicate, learn, convenient, time-saving 提示问题： ·What device or app do you want to introduce? ·What benefits does it bring to people? Technology is now becoming more and more important in our life. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Technology is now becoming more and more important in our life. As for me, the most practical device that I want to introduce is the mobile payment app called Alipay. With Alipay, people can make transactions easily and quickly without the need for cash. It has become a popular way to pay for daily expenses, such as groceries, transportation, and even utility bills. Besides, Alipay also provides various functions, including booking flights and hotels, ordering food, and even investing money. Alipay is not only convenient but also time-saving. It reduces the time needed to count and handle cash, which can be frustrating and time-consuming. Additionally, people do not need to carry a lot of cash with them, which can help prevent theft and loss of money. In conclusion, Alipay is an app that brings a lot of benefits to people’s daily lives, making transactions more convenient and efficient. It is one of the most practical technological advancements that we have today. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$