专题07 阅读六选四 【期末必刷10篇】-2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末考点大串讲（上海）

2024-2025学年高二下学期期末考点大串讲（上海） 专题07 阅读六选四 01 【来源】上海市松江区华东政法大学附属松江高级中学2023-2024学年高二下学期试题 Google is my doctor When illustrator Scott Adams lost his voice, his doctors were confused. 1 It turned out that Scott was suffering from spasmodic dysphonia-a neurological disorder affecting the muscles to voice. With the help of Google Alerts and advice from his doctors, Scott got in touch with an expert in the US and had special surgery on his throat to cure his problem. He is now a firm believer of using the Internet for self-diagnosis. Adams is one of an increasing number of people who have started using the Internet to get health advice. The advantages are numerous, starting of course with the obvious convenience of getting a diagnosis from the comfort of your own home. 2 But the Internet can provide a vast number of specialized experts, and Googling can help you tap in to that. Diagnosing minor medical problems from information on the Internet can also have an impact on society’s medical costs. You can compare insect bites with Internet pictures, ask what type they are and whether they are dangerous without wasting your busy doctor’s precious time. However, it must be said that diagnosis is tricky, and comparing your rash(疹子) with an online photo may lead you down the wrong path. 3 Doctors also take into account your medical history, state of mind, etc. So no computerized symptoms checklist can equal a complete professional assessment. In conclusion, the Internet is a good starting point in diagnosing your health problems, but you should always consult your doctor before acting on anything you find there. 4 . A．On a professional level, there is no way one doctor car be an expert in everything. B．It was not until he turned to the Internet that he managed to identify his condition. C．This condition was the very one that made him unable to speak D．Appearance provides only ten percent of the information needed to make a diagnosis. E．Do not underestimate the value of talking to real people — doctors and telephone helplines will help you put what you read into context. F．To sum up, if your doctor refuses to talk to you, the Internet will give you a better solution. 02 【来源】上海市宝山区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末教学质量监测英语试卷 It is certainly difficult to make money. But should money be difficult to give away? In The Gilded Age, industrialists such as Andrew Carnegie and John D．Rockefeller worried about waste and misuse; Carnegie wrote in 1889 that $950 of every $1,000 that went to charity was “unwisely spent”. 1 Donors ran lengthy application processes, provided funds and fulfilled painstaking reporting requirements. In 2006 The Economist called it “philanthrocapitalism (慈善资本主义)”. 2 The 400 richest Americans have given away just 6% of their combined fortunes, according to Forbes. At the last count in 2022, almost $1.2 trn was sitting in American private foundations and $230bn in donor-advised funds, a sort of savings account for donors. Plenty of money is being marked for charity. But it is not getting to worthy causes fast enough. Fortunately, a new generation of donors is once again shaking up the world of big philanthropy (慈善事业). Leading the mission is MacKenzie Scott, who simplified the process of giving and is donating billions of dollars a year with few conditions. This “no-strings giving” is changing mega-donors’ long-held assumptions. 7 One is the recognition that philanthropists do not have to do everything themselves. 3 An upside of a decades-long trend for businesslike philanthropy is that armies of consultants have emerged to help donors draw up a strategy and conduct due diligence on potential recipients. Donors can team up and share the work, too. Another lesson from the no-strings crowd is that philanthropists can trust recipients to put money to good use once the proper due diligence is in place. That means analyzing a nonprofit organization’s annual reports and interviewing its leaders and other funders. A．It offers lessons for those struggling to get money out of the door. B．In addition to that, her charity work is too numerous to mention. C．However, this idea that charities’ money is wasted has been proven wrong by evidence. D．Mega-donors no longer need to endure the trouble of setting up a foundation and hiring staff. E．Two decades on, however, it’s become clear that all this paperwork puts the brakes on giving. F．Around the turn of the millennium donors looked to data and rules as a way to stop waste. 03 【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试卷 Exoplanets (外行星): The Hunt Is On Today scientists believe that planets could outnumber the stars. For centuries, scientists and natural philosophers have proposed that stars in the night sky have planetary systems similar to our own solar system. The existence of extrasolar planets, or exoplanets, has long been discussed. 9 Although not the first exoplanet discovery, a planet near a sun-like star was discovered by astronomers in 1995. This kicked off an era of exoplanet hunting, with thousands of discoveries and confirmations following in its wake. 10 However, in 2015 NASA’s Kepler space telescope found its first Earth-sized planet in a “habitable” zone. This is the distance from a star where surface temperatures of a planet wouldn’t be too hot or too cold for liquid water. So far, only a small slice of our galaxy, the Milky Way, has been explored. Even so, scientists have confirmed over 3,500 exoplanets, with more being added every day. To detect exoplanets, scientists use data from a variety of sources. Large ground-based telescopes, earth-circling and sun-circling satellites all collect different types of information. Because exoplanets are so far away and very close to stars, it is very difficult to see them directly. 11 For example, when an exoplanet moves between its star and us, it causes a small drop in the star’s brightness. Measuring this drop is the transit (凌日) method of discovery. NASA’S Kepler space telescope has discovered many exoplanets this way. As a planet circles a star, it pulls on it and causes it to shake. 12 Measuring these slight changes is the radial velocity (径向速度) method of discovering planets. It is one of the most productive methods for finding and confirming exoplanets. These are just two examples of the many methods scientists use in their hunt for exoplanets, hoping for more information and enhanced detail. As time progresses and technology improves, who knows what else we may find! A．Scientists use indirect methods to discover exoplanets. B．Most exoplanets are very different from the ones in our solar system. C．As the star moves unsteadily, it changes the wavelength of the light we see. D．Astronomers have detected signals indicating the presence of a planet. E．However, we have developed the technology to prove their existence only in the last few decades. F．Direct detection of the visible light from giant planets in space is becoming increasingly possible. 04 【来源】华东师范大学第二附属中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试卷 All Rise With just over 500 different species of shark classified, and a further two dozen waiting to be formally scientifically named, shark classification is not for the faint-hearted. 13 Sporting a wide, flattened head that is uniquely shaped like a double-headed hammer, it’s not hard to see how these sharks got their name. The eyes and openings at the end of the nose are located at either end of the “hammer” — or cephalopodic, as it’s technically called. 1 While undoubtedly giving the sharks extra lift, the cephalopodic may also help them make sharper turns in the water. The widely spaced eyes allow for effective three-D vision, while the head’s broad shape also houses a sense organ operating like an underwater metal detector, it helps the predators (捕食性动物) to detect prey (猎物) hidden on or just under the sea-floor deposit. Though widespread, the scalloped hammerhead, one of the nine species of hammerhead, is most commonly encountered in the Hammerhead Triangle in the eastern Pacific. While it can be relatively easily observed at a number of sites, particularly around seamounts, there are only a few places where it gathers in large numbers. 2 These groups of sharks tend to consist mostly of females, with the males remaining out in deeper waters. At locations such as the Hammerhead Triangle, numbers can reach into the hundreds or even, on occasion, thousands. As the sharks tend to assemble relatively close to the water’s surface, this is one ocean spectacle (壮观的景象) for diver. With its fins highly prized as the key ingredient in shark-fin soup, it’s no surprise that the scalloped hammerhead has experienced a dramatic population decline. Any sharks caught are often subjected to the frankly horrible treatment of ‘finning’, whereby fins are sliced off and the bodies thrown overboard. However, with hammerheads consistently ranking among the world’s top underwater wildlife attractions, shark tourism now contributes millions towards regional economies, thereby presenting a sustainable alternative to fishing them into extinction. 16 A．Added to this, the shark is often the victim of fishing bycatch. B．The explanation behind the shape of the hammerhead’s head has long been debated. C．But there is one group that everyone would immediately recognize the hammerheads. D．The scalloped hammerhead can be distinguished by the V-shaped cut at its cephalopodic. E．As most predators at the top of the food chain operate as ‘lone wolves’, this is considered highly unusual behaviour. F．Doubtless, those enjoying this magnificent spectacle agree that the fins look far better on the sharks than they do floating in a bowl of soup. 05 【来源】上海市杨浦区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语调研卷 Fear of Missing Out It’s a common experience: You’re scrolling through a social media page, and you see pictures of friends travelling or going to parties. Suddenly you start to wonder why you’re not doing those things. 1 This experience has come to be known as the fear of missing out, sometimes abbreviated FOMO. To some extent, people have always worried about missing out on things. But with the rise of social media, FOMO is becoming much more common. Wanting to be in on the fun when exciting things are happening is completely normal. But for some people, it can lead to the constant thought of checking their phones to find out what other people are doing. Even while doing things that are fun or necessary, people can feel like there’s something better going on elsewhere. 2 It prevents them from being satisfied with the good things in their lives. 3 People tend to pick and choose the things they share, so we only ever know a small part of anyone else’s life. It’s also important to be humble and acknowledge your limitations. You cannot be everywhere and do everything that might be interesting or productive, and that’s OK. It might even be necessary to turn off your phone or log out of social media for a while. Get rid of the constant reminders of everything that’s happening in the world. You can even set particular times in your day to check email and social media. 20 Finally, focus on the things in front of you. Enjoy them, do them well and let everything else go. When you fully engage with life, you’ll worry less about what you’re not doing. Don’t let the fear of missing out cause you to miss out on the good things you have in life. Relax, enjoy what you do and let other people enjoy their lives without envying them. A．This urge to connect can ironically lead them to disconnect from the people they are actually with. B．By stepping away for a time, you can help keep other people’s lives in perspective. C．Your mood will be easily influenced by others and your life starts to be controlled by the outside world. D．Are you missing out on something fun and exciting because you’re locked into everyday life? E．It’s important to remember that what people choose to post on social media does not necessarily reflect their life overall. F．Rather than focusing on what you lack, try noticing what you have. 06 【来源】上海市闵行区2023-2024学年高二下学期6月期末英语试题 Tuning in to Gestures Gesture gets its power in part from the fact that it is seldom noticed by the speaker or listener yet is easily understood and included in our conversations. The challenge is to use it to good effect. 21 Gesture more when you speak. It will help you learn and understand, and also think in a more abstract way. If you gesture while talking, you will remember more of what you have said. Do it while you are multitasking and it will lighten your mental load. What’s more, when you gesture, the people around you tend to do so too. 22 Encourage gestures in your children, students and anyone else you are trying to teach. This will help them understand the material you are conveying. 1 That is important because being able to generalise what we learn is essential to acquiring new knowledge. Pay attention to other people’s gestures. These offer a window into the thoughts that speakers have but don’t express in their words. These thoughts are often at the cutting-edge of their knowledge or address issues that are uppermost in their minds. Noticing and responding to such gestures will improve your interactions at home and at work. Observe the gesturing of infants (婴儿). While learning to talk, children typically convey sentence-like meanings in a combination of gesture and speech before using words alone. 2 If a child fails to produce these gesture-word combinations, it may be a sign that their spoken language development will be delayed, allowing you to intervene and help. A．For example, they usually point at a box and say “open”. B．You should be mindful of the potential impact of gestures. C．Make fake gestures on certain occasions if necessary. D．Here are some tips that can help you take advantage of gestures. E．This can give you a way of seeing what others are thinking but not saying. F．Gesturing while learning will also help them solve the same problem in a new way. 07 【来源】上海市上海中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 Cool to be kind: being nice is good for us so why don’t we all do it What is it, exactly, that makes us kind? The Kindness Test suggests that people who receive, give or even just notice more acts of kindness tend to experience higher levels of well-being and life satisfaction. 1 . And nearly 60% participants claimed to have received an act of kindness in the previous 24 hours. “It is a big part of human nature, to be kind - because it’s such a big part of how we connect with people and how we have relationships,” says Claudia Hammond, the leading researcher. It is win-win, because we not only like receiving kindness, but we also like being kind. 2 . Because we have evolved to have empathy, we have many hidden reasons for being kind. The chief one is that it makes us feel good. People who have been told they should be kind are naturally more likely to notice opportunities to be kind: “They have expectations. Then, they take action,” she says. This may be one of the reasons why women who filled in the study’s online questionnaire were more likely to report being kind, receiving kindness and seeing kindness. Women may feel that they ought to report performing acts of kindness. 3 . For this reason, Hammond questions how much girlsare stereotypically being taught at a young age, to be caring — and whether that puts an unequal amount of pressure on girlsto be kind as they grow up. Overall, the study suggests the greatest predictor of kindness is not your gender, but your personality. People who scored high on extraversion(外向性), openness to new experiences and agreeableness self-reported giving and receiving more kindness, as did people who talking to strangers. 4 . A．It is because caring for people is an activity traditionally considered to be typical of women. B．It is sometimes used to shut women down from talking because they’ve got to ‘be kind’. C．The reason for this may simply be that these people have more confidence to be kind. D．Your religious beliefs and your values system also help to determine how kind you are. E．Also, two-thirds of people in the study think the pandemic has made people kinder. F．Our desire to be kind is actually quite selfish, on one level, she explains. 08 【来源】上海市徐汇区2022-2023学年高二下学期英语学科期末模拟试卷 Kids’ health: Four steps for fighting stress Everybody gets stressed time to time. 1 : Some ways of dealing with stress —like screaming or hitting someone——don’t solve (解决) much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better. Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed: (1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives. 2 : They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet. (2) Don’t take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves. Oh, dear, that’s good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Don’t take it out on yourself. 3 : (3) Try to solve the problem. After you’re calm and you have support from adults and friends, it’s time to get down to business. 4 : Even if you can’t solve it all, you can solve a piece of it. (4) Be positive. Most stress is temporary (暂时的). Remember stress does go away, especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it. These steps aren’t magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, you’ll help yourself feel better even faster. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone. A．Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation. B．Notice your friends’ feelings and find a way to help them. C．Different people feel stress in different ways D．Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone. E．You need to figure out what the problem is. F．And don’t forget about your friends. 09 【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 “TALKING with you for one night is better than studying books for ten years” this was the comment of an old Chinese scholar after he had had a conversation with a friend. 1 And today the phrase “a night’s talk” has become a current expression for a happy conversation with a friend at night, either past or expected. Such a supreme pleasure as having a perfect conversation with a friend at night is necessarily rare, for as the playwright Li Liweng has pointed out, “ 2 ” The discovery of a man up in a mountain temple, who really understands life and at the same time understands the art of conversation, must therefore be one of the keenest pleasures, like the discovery of a new planet by an astronomer or of a new variety of plant by a botanist. There is an evident distinction between mere talking and conversation as such. This distinction is made in the Chinese language between shuohua (speaking) and tanhua (conversation), which implies that in conversation the language used is more chatty and leisurely and the topics more trivial and less business like. 3 We can discuss business with almost any person, but there are very few people with whom we can truly hold a night’s conversation. Hence, when we do find a true conversationalist, the pleasure is equal to, if not above, that of reading a delightful author, with the additional pleasure of hearing his voice and seeing his gestures. Sometimes we find it at the happy reunion of old friends, or among acquaintances indulging in good memories, and sometimes among strangers on a distant journey. There will be chats about ghosts and fox spirits, mixed with amusing tales or impassioned(激昂的) comments: on international affairs, and sometimes before we know it, a wise observer and conversationalist may shed light on things that have bothered you for a long time. 36 A．There is much truth in that statement. B．Friendship fades without a sincere conversation. C．Whatever it is, conversationalist does contribute to our happiness. D．Such conversations remain among the memories that we cherish for life. E．Those who are wise seldom know how to talk, and those who talk are seldom wise. F．A similar difference may be noted between business letters and the letters of literary friends. 2 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年高二下学期期末考点大串讲（上海） 专题07 阅读六选四 01 【来源】上海市松江区华东政法大学附属松江高级中学2023-2024学年高二下学期试题 Google is my doctor When illustrator Scott Adams lost his voice, his doctors were confused. 1 It turned out that Scott was suffering from spasmodic dysphonia-a neurological disorder affecting the muscles to voice. With the help of Google Alerts and advice from his doctors, Scott got in touch with an expert in the US and had special surgery on his throat to cure his problem. He is now a firm believer of using the Internet for self-diagnosis. Adams is one of an increasing number of people who have started using the Internet to get health advice. The advantages are numerous, starting of course with the obvious convenience of getting a diagnosis from the comfort of your own home. 2 But the Internet can provide a vast number of specialized experts, and Googling can help you tap in to that. Diagnosing minor medical problems from information on the Internet can also have an impact on society’s medical costs. You can compare insect bites with Internet pictures, ask what type they are and whether they are dangerous without wasting your busy doctor’s precious time. However, it must be said that diagnosis is tricky, and comparing your rash(疹子) with an online photo may lead you down the wrong path. 3 Doctors also take into account your medical history, state of mind, etc. So no computerized symptoms checklist can equal a complete professional assessment. In conclusion, the Internet is a good starting point in diagnosing your health problems, but you should always consult your doctor before acting on anything you find there. 4 . A．On a professional level, there is no way one doctor car be an expert in everything. B．It was not until he turned to the Internet that he managed to identify his condition. C．This condition was the very one that made him unable to speak D．Appearance provides only ten percent of the information needed to make a diagnosis. E．Do not underestimate the value of talking to real people — doctors and telephone helplines will help you put what you read into context. F．To sum up, if your doctor refuses to talk to you, the Internet will give you a better solution. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．E 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要论述了在线诊断病情的利弊。 1．上文“When illustrator Scott Adams lost his voice, his doctors were confused.”（当插画家斯科特·亚当斯失声时，他的医生很困惑。）说明医生们不清楚斯科特失声的原因，B项“It was not until he turned to the Internet that he managed to identify his condition.”（直到他求助于互联网后，他才设法弄清自己的病情。）衔接上文，说明斯科特通过网上查询，弄清楚了自己的病情，并引出下文具体失声的原因“It turned out that Scott was suffering from spasmodic dysphonia-a neurological disorder affecting the muscles to voice.”（事实证明，斯科特患有痉挛性发声障碍——一种影响肌肉发声的神经系统疾病。），衔接恰当。故选B项。 2．下文“But the Internet can provide a vast number of specialized experts, and Googling can help you tap in to that.”（但是互联网可以提供大量的专业专家，谷歌可以帮助你找到他们。）说明在线咨询病情的优势，因为互联网可以提供大量的专业专家，A项“On a professional level, there is no way one doctor car be an expert in everything.”（在专业层面上，一个医生不可能成为所有方面的专家。）说明一个医生并不能知晓所有疾病，引出下文的转折——但互联网可以提供大量的专业专家，衔接恰当。故选A项。 3．上文“However, it must be said that diagnosis is tricky, and comparing your rash with an online photo may lead you down the wrong path.”（然而，必须指出的是，诊断是很棘手的，将你的皮疹与网上的照片进行比较可能会让你走上错误的道路。）说明只依靠图片在线诊断也可能有误，D项“Appearance provides only ten percent of the information needed to make a diagnosis.”（外观只提供诊断所需信息的百分之十。）衔接上文，说明只依靠图片诊断有误的原因，引出下文“Doctors also take into account your medical history, state of mind, etc.”（医生还会考虑你的病史、精神状态等。）说明完整的诊断还需要考虑其他因素，衔接恰当。故选D项。 4．上文“In conclusion, the Internet is a good starting point in diagnosing your health problems, but you should always consult your doctor before acting on anything you find there.”（总之，互联网是诊断你的健康问题的一个很好的起点，但你应该在采取任何行动之前咨询你的医生。）说明在线诊断有好处，但还需和自己的医生沟通交流，E项“Do not underestimate the value of talking to real people — doctors and telephone helplines will help you put what you read into context.”（不要低估与真实的人交谈的价值——医生和电话热线会帮助你把你读到的东西结合到你自己的实际情况中。）衔接上文，说明和医生交流病情的价值，符合语境。故选E项。 02 【来源】上海市宝山区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末教学质量监测英语试卷 It is certainly difficult to make money. But should money be difficult to give away? In The Gilded Age, industrialists such as Andrew Carnegie and John D．Rockefeller worried about waste and misuse; Carnegie wrote in 1889 that $950 of every $1,000 that went to charity was “unwisely spent”. 1 Donors ran lengthy application processes, provided funds and fulfilled painstaking reporting requirements. In 2006 The Economist called it “philanthrocapitalism (慈善资本主义)”. 2 The 400 richest Americans have given away just 6% of their combined fortunes, according to Forbes. At the last count in 2022, almost $1.2 trn was sitting in American private foundations and $230bn in donor-advised funds, a sort of savings account for donors. Plenty of money is being marked for charity. But it is not getting to worthy causes fast enough. Fortunately, a new generation of donors is once again shaking up the world of big philanthropy (慈善事业). Leading the mission is MacKenzie Scott, who simplified the process of giving and is donating billions of dollars a year with few conditions. This “no-strings giving” is changing mega-donors’ long-held assumptions. 7 One is the recognition that philanthropists do not have to do everything themselves. 3 An upside of a decades-long trend for businesslike philanthropy is that armies of consultants have emerged to help donors draw up a strategy and conduct due diligence on potential recipients. Donors can team up and share the work, too. Another lesson from the no-strings crowd is that philanthropists can trust recipients to put money to good use once the proper due diligence is in place. That means analyzing a nonprofit organization’s annual reports and interviewing its leaders and other funders. A．It offers lessons for those struggling to get money out of the door. B．In addition to that, her charity work is too numerous to mention. C．However, this idea that charities’ money is wasted has been proven wrong by evidence. D．Mega-donors no longer need to endure the trouble of setting up a foundation and hiring staff. E．Two decades on, however, it’s become clear that all this paperwork puts the brakes on giving. F．Around the turn of the millennium donors looked to data and rules as a way to stop waste. 【答案】1．F 2．E 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了慈善资本主义的弊端，以及新的一代的慈善家是如何进行慈善事业的。 1．根据上文“In The Gilded Age, industrialists such as Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller worried about waste and misuse; Carnegie wrote in 1889 that $910 of every $1,000 that went to charity was “unwisely spent”.”（在镀金时代，安德鲁·卡内基(Andrew Carnegie)和约翰·D·洛克菲勒(John D. Rockefeller)等实业家担心浪费和滥用；卡内基在1889年写道，捐赠给慈善机构的每1000美元中，有910美元“花得不明智”。）提到担心浪费和滥用捐赠的钱。以及下文“Donors ran lengthy application processes, provided funds and fulfilled painstaking reporting requirements.”（捐助者进行了漫长的申请程序，提供资金并完成了繁琐的报告要求。）提到提供资金并完成繁琐的报告要求。结合选项F项Around the turn of the millennium donors looked to data and rules as a way to stop waste.（在千禧年前后，捐赠者希望通过数据和规则来阻止浪费。）可知，起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。 2．根据下文“The 400 richest Americans have given away just 2% of their combined fortunes, according to Forbes.”（根据福布斯的数据，美国最富有的400人只捐出了他们财富总额的2%。）提到最富有的400人只捐出了他们财富总额的2%。结合选项E项Two decades on, however, it’s become clear that all this paperwork puts the brakes on giving.（然而，二十年过去了，很明显，所有这些文书工作都阻碍了捐赠。）可知，和下文内容紧密连接，下文是对空格处内容的具体说明，符合语境。故选E项。 3．根据上文“This “no-strings giving” is changing mega-donors’ long-held assumptions.”（这种“无条件捐赠”正在改变巨额捐赠者长期以来的假设。）提到无条件捐赠这个概念。结合选项A项It offers lessons for those struggling to get money out of the door.（它为那些挣扎着把钱带出家门的人提供了教训。）可知，承接上文内容，为对上文内容的语意递进，上下文紧密连接。故选A项。 4．根据上文“One is the recognition that philanthropists do not have to do everything themselves.”（其一是认识到慈善家不必事事亲力亲为。）提到慈善家不必事事亲力亲为。以及下文“An upside of a decades-long trend for businesslike philanthropy is that armies of consultants have emerged to help donors draw up a strategy and conduct due diligence on potential recipients.”（商业慈善事业几十年来的趋势的一个好处是，顾问大军已经出现，帮助捐赠者制定战略，并对潜在的接受者进行尽职调查。）结合选项D项Mega-donors no longer need to endure the trouble of setting up a foundation and hiring staff.（超级捐赠者不再需要忍受设立基金会和雇佣员工的麻烦。）可知，承接上文内容，为对上文内容的语意递进，同时引起下文，起到上下文的承上启下作用。故选D项。 03 【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试卷 Exoplanets (外行星): The Hunt Is On Today scientists believe that planets could outnumber the stars. For centuries, scientists and natural philosophers have proposed that stars in the night sky have planetary systems similar to our own solar system. The existence of extrasolar planets, or exoplanets, has long been discussed. 9 Although not the first exoplanet discovery, a planet near a sun-like star was discovered by astronomers in 1995. This kicked off an era of exoplanet hunting, with thousands of discoveries and confirmations following in its wake. 10 However, in 2015 NASA’s Kepler space telescope found its first Earth-sized planet in a “habitable” zone. This is the distance from a star where surface temperatures of a planet wouldn’t be too hot or too cold for liquid water. So far, only a small slice of our galaxy, the Milky Way, has been explored. Even so, scientists have confirmed over 3,500 exoplanets, with more being added every day. To detect exoplanets, scientists use data from a variety of sources. Large ground-based telescopes, earth-circling and sun-circling satellites all collect different types of information. Because exoplanets are so far away and very close to stars, it is very difficult to see them directly. 11 For example, when an exoplanet moves between its star and us, it causes a small drop in the star’s brightness. Measuring this drop is the transit (凌日) method of discovery. NASA’S Kepler space telescope has discovered many exoplanets this way. As a planet circles a star, it pulls on it and causes it to shake. 12 Measuring these slight changes is the radial velocity (径向速度) method of discovering planets. It is one of the most productive methods for finding and confirming exoplanets. These are just two examples of the many methods scientists use in their hunt for exoplanets, hoping for more information and enhanced detail. As time progresses and technology improves, who knows what else we may find! A．Scientists use indirect methods to discover exoplanets. B．Most exoplanets are very different from the ones in our solar system. C．As the star moves unsteadily, it changes the wavelength of the light we see. D．Astronomers have detected signals indicating the presence of a planet. E．However, we have developed the technology to prove their existence only in the last few decades. F．Direct detection of the visible light from giant planets in space is becoming increasingly possible. 【答案】1．E 2．B 3．A 4．C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章主要介绍了科学家探索系外行星系统的历程。 1．上文“The existence of extrasolar planets, or exoplanets, has long been discussed.”（太阳系外行星或者系外行星的存在已经被讨论了很久）与E. However, we have developed the technology to prove their existence only in the last few decades.(然而，只有在过去的几十年中，我们才发展技术来证明它们的存在。)承接自然，上下文构成明显的转折关系，选项中的 only in the last few decades对应上文的has long been discussed，此外existence是关键词。故选E。 2．根据下文“However, in 2015 NASA’s Kepler space telescope found its first Earth-sized planet in a “habitable” zone. ”（然而，2015年美国航天总局的开普勒太空望远镜在一个“宜居”区域发现了第一颗地球大小的行星）可推知，大多数系外行星和太阳系的行星不同。B. Most exoplanets are very different from the ones in our solar system.（大多数的系外行星和我们太阳系的行星不同。）符合语境，上下文构成明显的转折关系，most对应下文的fisrt。故选B。 3．根据下文“For example, when an exoplanet moves between its star and us, it causes a small drop in the star’s brightness. Measuring this drop is the transit (凌日) method of discovery. NASA’S Kepler space telescope has discovered many exoplanets this way.”（例如，当一颗系外行星在它的恒星和我们之间移动时，会导致恒星的亮度稍微下降。测量这种下降就是凌日发现法。美国航天总局的开普勒太空望远镜就是通过这种方法发现了很多系外行星。）可推知，科学家用间接方法去发现系外行星。A. Scientists use indirect methods to discover exoplanets.（科学家用间接方法去发现系外行星）符合语境。故选A。 4．前文“As a planet circles a star, it pulls on it and causes it to shake.”（当行星绕着恒星转动时，它会拉动恒星并使其震动）与C. As the star moves unsteadily, it changes the wavelength of the light we see.（当恒星移动不稳定时，它会改变我们看到的光的波长）承接自然，选项陈述了恒星被行星拉动时产生的结果，star是关键词。故选C。 04 【来源】华东师范大学第二附属中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试卷 All Rise With just over 500 different species of shark classified, and a further two dozen waiting to be formally scientifically named, shark classification is not for the faint-hearted. 13 Sporting a wide, flattened head that is uniquely shaped like a double-headed hammer, it’s not hard to see how these sharks got their name. The eyes and openings at the end of the nose are located at either end of the “hammer” — or cephalopodic, as it’s technically called. 1 While undoubtedly giving the sharks extra lift, the cephalopodic may also help them make sharper turns in the water. The widely spaced eyes allow for effective three-D vision, while the head’s broad shape also houses a sense organ operating like an underwater metal detector, it helps the predators (捕食性动物) to detect prey (猎物) hidden on or just under the sea-floor deposit. Though widespread, the scalloped hammerhead, one of the nine species of hammerhead, is most commonly encountered in the Hammerhead Triangle in the eastern Pacific. While it can be relatively easily observed at a number of sites, particularly around seamounts, there are only a few places where it gathers in large numbers. 2 These groups of sharks tend to consist mostly of females, with the males remaining out in deeper waters. At locations such as the Hammerhead Triangle, numbers can reach into the hundreds or even, on occasion, thousands. As the sharks tend to assemble relatively close to the water’s surface, this is one ocean spectacle (壮观的景象) for diver. With its fins highly prized as the key ingredient in shark-fin soup, it’s no surprise that the scalloped hammerhead has experienced a dramatic population decline. Any sharks caught are often subjected to the frankly horrible treatment of ‘finning’, whereby fins are sliced off and the bodies thrown overboard. However, with hammerheads consistently ranking among the world’s top underwater wildlife attractions, shark tourism now contributes millions towards regional economies, thereby presenting a sustainable alternative to fishing them into extinction. 16 A．Added to this, the shark is often the victim of fishing bycatch. B．The explanation behind the shape of the hammerhead’s head has long been debated. C．But there is one group that everyone would immediately recognize the hammerheads. D．The scalloped hammerhead can be distinguished by the V-shaped cut at its cephalopodic. E．As most predators at the top of the food chain operate as ‘lone wolves’, this is considered highly unusual behaviour. F．Doubtless, those enjoying this magnificent spectacle agree that the fins look far better on the sharks than they do floating in a bowl of soup. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．E 4．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种鲨鱼以及它们的生活习性。 1．根据上文“With just over 500 different species of shark classified, and a further two dozen waiting to be formally scientifically named, shark classification is not for the faint-hearted.(只有500多种不同的鲨鱼被分类，还有二十几种等待正式的科学命名，鲨鱼分类不是胆小的人可以接受的)”以及第二段“Sporting a wide, flattened head that is uniquely shaped like a double-headed hammer, it’s not hard to see how these sharks got their name.(它们的头又宽又平，独特的形状就像双头锤，不难看出这些鲨鱼是如何得名的)”可知，本句主要引出后文文章主要介绍的鲨鱼类型，故C选项“但是有一个群体是每个人都会立刻认出来的，那就是双髻鲨”符合语境，故选C。 2．根据后文“While undoubtedly giving the sharks extra lift, the cephalopodic may also help them make sharper turns in the water. The widely spaced eyes allow for effective three-D vision, while the head’s broad shape also houses a sense organ operating like an underwater metal detector, it helps the predators (捕食性动物) to detect prey (猎物) hidden on or just under the sea-floor deposit.(毫无疑问，头足可以给鲨鱼额外的提升力，同时也可以帮助它们在水中做出更尖锐的转弯。宽间距的眼睛可以提供有效的三维视觉，而头部的宽形状也容纳了一个像水下金属探测器一样的感觉器官，它可以帮助捕食者探测隐藏在海底沉积物上或下面的猎物)”可知，本段主要介绍了特殊的头部对于这种鲨鱼捕食的作用，故D选项“双髻鲨可以通过其头足部的V形切口来区分”符合语境，故选D。 3．根据上文“Though widespread, the scalloped hammerhead, one of the nine species of hammerhead, is most commonly encountered in the Hammerhead Triangle in the eastern Pacific. While it can be relatively easily observed at a number of sites, particularly around seamounts, there are only a few places where it gathers in large numbers.(双髻鲨是九种双髻鲨中的一种，虽然分布广泛，但在东太平洋的双髻鲨三角区最常见。虽然在许多地方，特别是海山附近，可以相对容易地观察到它，但只有少数地方它会大量聚集)”以及后文“These groups of sharks tend to consist mostly of females, with the males remaining out in deeper waters.(这些鲨鱼群往往主要由雌性组成，雄性则留在更深的水域)”可知，上文提到了这种鲨鱼会大量聚集，推测本句针对这一行为进行评价，故E选项“由于大多数食物链顶端的捕食者都是“孤狼”，这被认为是非常不寻常的行为”符合语境，故选E。 4．根据上文“However, with hammerheads consistently ranking among the world’s top underwater wildlife attractions, shark tourism now contributes millions towards regional economies, thereby presenting a sustainable alternative to fishing them into extinction.(然而，由于双髻鲨一直是世界上最受欢迎的水下野生动物之一，鲨鱼旅游现在为地区经济贡献了数百万美元，从而提供了一个可持续的替代捕捞它们灭绝的选择)”可知，上文提到了双髻鲨发展成为了旅游业，带来了很高的经济受益，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，说明发展观赏鲨鱼旅游业促进鲨鱼的保护，故F选项“毫无疑问，那些欣赏这一壮观景象的人都同意，鲨鱼身上的鳍比它们漂浮在一碗汤里好看多了”符合语境，“floating in a bowl of soup”与上一段“With its fins highly prized as the key ingredient in shark-fin soup”相对应。故选F。 05 【来源】上海市杨浦区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语调研卷 Fear of Missing Out It’s a common experience: You’re scrolling through a social media page, and you see pictures of friends travelling or going to parties. Suddenly you start to wonder why you’re not doing those things. 1 This experience has come to be known as the fear of missing out, sometimes abbreviated FOMO. To some extent, people have always worried about missing out on things. But with the rise of social media, FOMO is becoming much more common. Wanting to be in on the fun when exciting things are happening is completely normal. But for some people, it can lead to the constant thought of checking their phones to find out what other people are doing. Even while doing things that are fun or necessary, people can feel like there’s something better going on elsewhere. 2 It prevents them from being satisfied with the good things in their lives. 3 People tend to pick and choose the things they share, so we only ever know a small part of anyone else’s life. It’s also important to be humble and acknowledge your limitations. You cannot be everywhere and do everything that might be interesting or productive, and that’s OK. It might even be necessary to turn off your phone or log out of social media for a while. Get rid of the constant reminders of everything that’s happening in the world. You can even set particular times in your day to check email and social media. 20 Finally, focus on the things in front of you. Enjoy them, do them well and let everything else go. When you fully engage with life, you’ll worry less about what you’re not doing. Don’t let the fear of missing out cause you to miss out on the good things you have in life. Relax, enjoy what you do and let other people enjoy their lives without envying them. A．This urge to connect can ironically lead them to disconnect from the people they are actually with. B．By stepping away for a time, you can help keep other people’s lives in perspective. C．Your mood will be easily influenced by others and your life starts to be controlled by the outside world. D．Are you missing out on something fun and exciting because you’re locked into everyday life? E．It’s important to remember that what people choose to post on social media does not necessarily reflect their life overall. F．Rather than focusing on what you lack, try noticing what you have. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．E 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章简要概括了“错失恐惧症”的现象，即人们在使用社交媒体时，看到他人分享的活动和经历，会感到自己错过了某些有趣或重要的事情，从而产生焦虑。 1．上文“You’re scrolling through a social media page, and you see pictures of friends travelling or going to parties. Suddenly you start to wonder why you’re not doing those things. (你正在浏览社交媒体页面，看到朋友旅行或参加聚会的照片。突然间，你开始想知道为什么没有做那些事情)”提到看到朋友们旅行或参加聚会的照片时，我们开始疑惑自己为什么没有做那些事情。这引出了一个常见的体验，即担心错过一些有趣的事情。D项“Are you missing out on something fun and exciting because you’re locked into everyday life? (你因为被日常生活所困而错过了什么有趣和令人兴奋的事情吗？)”承接上文，提出问题，引导读者思考自己是否也因为日常生活而错过了有趣的事情，进而引出下文FOMO(错失恐惧症)的概念，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。 2．上文“But for some people, it can lead to the constant thought of checking their phones to find out what other people are doing. Even while doing things that are fun or necessary, people can feel like there’s something better going on elsewhere.(但对一些人来说，这可能会导致他们不断查看手机，看看别人在做什么。即使在做有趣或必要的事情时，人们也会觉得其他地方正在发生更好的事情)”提到，即使在做有趣或必要的事情时，有的人也会觉得别处有更好的事情正在发生。A项“This urge to connect can ironically lead them to disconnect from the people they are actually with.(这种想要联系的冲动反而会让他们与实际上在一起的人断开联系)”承接上文，说明这一状态导致的结果：让他们与实际上在一起的人断开联系，忽略了与身边人的实际交流，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。 3．下文“People tend to pick and choose the things they share, so we only ever know a small part of anyone else’s life.(人们倾向于挑选他们分享的东西，所以我们只知道别人生活的一小部分)”告诉读者人们分享的内容是经过挑选的，只是生活的一小部分，是对E项“It’s important to remember that what people choose to post on social media does not necessarily reflect their life overall.(重要的是要记住，人们在社交媒体上选择发布的内容并不一定反映他们的整体生活)”的进上步阐述，句中“a small part of anyone else’s life”与E项“does not necessarily reflect their life overall”相照应。故选E项。 4．上文“It might even be necessary to turn off your phone or log out of social media for a while. Get rid of the constant reminders of everything that’s happening in the world. You can even set particular times in your day to check email and social media.(甚至可能有必要关掉手机或暂时退出社交媒体。摆脱那些不断提醒你世界上正在发生的事情的东西。你甚至可以在一天中设定特定的时间查看电子邮件和社交媒体)”建议关掉手机或暂时退出社交媒体，远离干扰，B项“By stepping away for a time, you can help keep other people’s lives in perspective.(通过暂时远离，你可以帮助自己保持对他人生活的正确看法)”承接上文，说明这样做的好处，句中“stepping away”与上文“turn off your phone or log out of social media for a while”相照应。故选B项。 06 【来源】上海市闵行区2023-2024学年高二下学期6月期末英语试题 Tuning in to Gestures Gesture gets its power in part from the fact that it is seldom noticed by the speaker or listener yet is easily understood and included in our conversations. The challenge is to use it to good effect. 21 Gesture more when you speak. It will help you learn and understand, and also think in a more abstract way. If you gesture while talking, you will remember more of what you have said. Do it while you are multitasking and it will lighten your mental load. What’s more, when you gesture, the people around you tend to do so too. 22 Encourage gestures in your children, students and anyone else you are trying to teach. This will help them understand the material you are conveying. 1 That is important because being able to generalise what we learn is essential to acquiring new knowledge. Pay attention to other people’s gestures. These offer a window into the thoughts that speakers have but don’t express in their words. These thoughts are often at the cutting-edge of their knowledge or address issues that are uppermost in their minds. Noticing and responding to such gestures will improve your interactions at home and at work. Observe the gesturing of infants (婴儿). While learning to talk, children typically convey sentence-like meanings in a combination of gesture and speech before using words alone. 2 If a child fails to produce these gesture-word combinations, it may be a sign that their spoken language development will be delayed, allowing you to intervene and help. A．For example, they usually point at a box and say “open”. B．You should be mindful of the potential impact of gestures. C．Make fake gestures on certain occasions if necessary. D．Here are some tips that can help you take advantage of gestures. E．This can give you a way of seeing what others are thinking but not saying. F．Gesturing while learning will also help them solve the same problem in a new way. 【答案】1．D 2．E 3．F 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了可以帮助你利用手势的建议。 1．根据上文“Gesture gets its power in part from the fact that it is seldom noticed by the speaker or listener yet is easily understood and included in our conversations. The challenge is to use it to good effect.(手势的力量部分来自这样一个事实，即它很少被说话者或听者注意到，但却很容易理解并包含在我们的对话中。挑战在于如何有效地利用它。)”可知，上文介绍了手势的力量和如何有效利用它，所以接下来应该给出一些具体的建议。D项：Here are some tips that can help you take advantage of gestures.(这里有一些可以帮助你利用手势的建议。)是合适的引言，为后续内容提供了总揽，符合语境。故选D。 2．根据上文“What’s more, when you gesture, the people around you tend to do so too.(更重要的是，当你做手势时，你周围的人也会这样做。)”可知，空处承接上文，说明周围的人做手势的好处。E项：This can give you a way of seeing what others are thinking but not saying.(这可以让你看到别人在想什么但没有说出来。)符合语境。故选E。 3．根据上文“Encourage gestures in your children, students and anyone else you are trying to teach. (鼓励你的孩子、学生和任何你想教的人做手势。)”可知，上文提到在学习中鼓励用手势，F项和上一句“This will help them understand the material you are conveying.(这将有助于他们理解你所传达的材料。)”并列，说明在学习中使用手势的好处。F项中的“also help”和上一句中的“help”对应，F项：Gesturing while learning will also help them solve the same problem in a new way.(学习时做手势也能帮助他们以新的方式解决同样的问题。)符合语境。故选F。 4．根据上文“Observe the gesturing of infants (婴儿). While learning to talk, children typically convey sentence-like meanings in a combination of gesture and speech before using words alone.(观察婴儿的手势。在学习说话的过程中，孩子们通常在单独使用单词之前，通过手势和语言的结合来传达句子式的意思。)”可知，本段描述了婴儿在学习说话时使用手势和言语相结合的方式。A项中的“they”指代上文中的“children”。A项：For example, they usually point at a box and say “open”.(例如，他们通常会指着一个盒子说“打开”。) 是一个具体的例子，与婴儿如何使用手势和言语相结合的方式相吻合，符合语境。故选A。 07 【来源】上海市上海中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 Cool to be kind: being nice is good for us so why don’t we all do it What is it, exactly, that makes us kind? The Kindness Test suggests that people who receive, give or even just notice more acts of kindness tend to experience higher levels of well-being and life satisfaction. 1 . And nearly 60% participants claimed to have received an act of kindness in the previous 24 hours. “It is a big part of human nature, to be kind - because it’s such a big part of how we connect with people and how we have relationships,” says Claudia Hammond, the leading researcher. It is win-win, because we not only like receiving kindness, but we also like being kind. 2 . Because we have evolved to have empathy, we have many hidden reasons for being kind. The chief one is that it makes us feel good. People who have been told they should be kind are naturally more likely to notice opportunities to be kind: “They have expectations. Then, they take action,” she says. This may be one of the reasons why women who filled in the study’s online questionnaire were more likely to report being kind, receiving kindness and seeing kindness. Women may feel that they ought to report performing acts of kindness. 3 . For this reason, Hammond questions how much girlsare stereotypically being taught at a young age, to be caring — and whether that puts an unequal amount of pressure on girlsto be kind as they grow up. Overall, the study suggests the greatest predictor of kindness is not your gender, but your personality. People who scored high on extraversion(外向性), openness to new experiences and agreeableness self-reported giving and receiving more kindness, as did people who talking to strangers. 4 . A．It is because caring for people is an activity traditionally considered to be typical of women. B．It is sometimes used to shut women down from talking because they’ve got to ‘be kind’. C．The reason for this may simply be that these people have more confidence to be kind. D．Your religious beliefs and your values system also help to determine how kind you are. E．Also, two-thirds of people in the study think the pandemic has made people kinder. F．Our desire to be kind is actually quite selfish, on one level, she explains. 【答案】1．E 2．F 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是说明。讲述了善良对我们有好处，是什么让我们变得善良。 1．根据前文“What is it, exactly, that makes us kind? The Kindness Test suggests that people who receive, give or even just notice more acts of kindness tend to experience higher levels of well-being and life satisfaction.(到底是什么，让我们变得善良?善意测试表明，那些接受、给予甚至只是注意到更多善意行为的人往往会体验到更高水平的幸福感和生活满意度)”以及后文“And nearly 60% participants claimed to have received an act of kindness in the previous 24 hours.(近60%的参与者声称在过去的24小时内收到了善意的举动)”可知，空处应是过渡句，空后提到了参与者，前文未提及，所以应是空处提到，所以E项“Also, two-thirds of people in the study think the pandemic has made people kinder.(此外，研究中三分之二的人认为大流行使人们变得更善良)”提到研究，引出后文的参与者，并且符合本段主题，是什么让我们善良。故选E项。 2．根据后文“Because we have evolved to have empathy, we have many hidden reasons for being kind. The chief one is that it makes us feel good.(因为我们已经进化到有同理心，所以我们有很多隐藏的善良的原因。最主要的一点是，它让我们感觉良好)”可知，空处应和后文构成因果关系，所以F项“Our desire to be kind is actually quite selfish, on one level, she explains.(她解释说，在某种程度上，我们想要善良的愿望实际上是非常自私的)”符合文意，和后文构成因果关系。故选F项。 3．根据前文“Women may feel that they ought to report performing acts of kindness.(女性可能会觉得她们应该报告自己的善举)”以及后文“For this reason, Hammond questions how much girlsare stereotypically being taught at a young age, to be caring — and whether that puts an unequal amount of pressure on girlsto be kind as they grow up.(出于这个原因，哈蒙德质疑女孩们在很小的时候被灌输了多少关于关爱的刻板印象，以及这是否给女孩们带来了不平等的压力，让她们长大后变得善良)”可知，此处是在解释女性为什么觉得她们应该报告自己的善举，所以A项“It is because caring for people is an activity traditionally considered to be typical of women.(这是因为照顾别人是传统上被认为是女性的典型活动)”符合文意。故选A项。 4．分析设空，位于段尾，应是对前文的总结，根据前文“People who scored high on extraversion(外向性), openness to new experiences and agreeableness self-reported giving and receiving more kindness, as did people who talking to strangers.(在外向性、乐于接受新体验和随和方面得分较高的人自我报告说，他们会给予和接受更多的善意，与陌生人交谈的人也是如此)”可知，C项“The reason for this may simply be that these people have more confidence to be kind.(原因可能很简单，这些人更有信心成为善良的人)”符合文意。故选C项。 08 【来源】上海市徐汇区2022-2023学年高二下学期英语学科期末模拟试卷 Kids’ health: Four steps for fighting stress Everybody gets stressed time to time. 1 : Some ways of dealing with stress —like screaming or hitting someone——don’t solve (解决) much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better. Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed: (1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives. 2 : They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet. (2) Don’t take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves. Oh, dear, that’s good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Don’t take it out on yourself. 3 : (3) Try to solve the problem. After you’re calm and you have support from adults and friends, it’s time to get down to business. 4 : Even if you can’t solve it all, you can solve a piece of it. (4) Be positive. Most stress is temporary (暂时的). Remember stress does go away, especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it. These steps aren’t magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, you’ll help yourself feel better even faster. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone. A．Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation. B．Notice your friends’ feelings and find a way to help them. C．Different people feel stress in different ways D．Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone. E．You need to figure out what the problem is. F．And don’t forget about your friends. 【答案】1．C 2．F 3．A 4．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要给孩子们介绍了几种应对压力的方法。 1．根据上文“Everybody gets stressed time to time.(每个人都会时不时地感到压力。)”和下文“Some ways of dealing with stress 一like screaming or hitting someone一don’t solve (解决) much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.(一些应对压力的方法——比如尖叫或打人——并不能解决多少问题。但其他方式，比如和你信任的人交谈，可以让你解决问题，或者至少感觉好一点。)”可知，上文指出人人都会感受到压力，下文提到了应对压力的不同法。由此推知，空处承接上文陈述每个人感受到的压力是不同的。C项“Different people feel stress in different ways(不同的人感受压力的方式不同)”符合题意。故选C。 2．根据上文“Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives.(和你信任的成年人谈谈，比如父母或其他亲戚。)”和下文“They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.(他们可能有类似的问题，比如应付考试，或者心爱的宠物去世。)”可知，上文指出可以与信得过的成人交谈，下文指出有的人可能与你有相同的问题。由此推知，空处指出还可以与信得过的朋友聊天。F项“And don’t forget about your friends.(别忘了你的朋友。)”符合题意，下文的they指代选项中的your friends。故选F。 3．空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“Remember that there are always people to help you.(记住，总会有人帮助你。)”可知，遇到问题不要独自承担，要求助于那些愿意提供帮助的人。A项“Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.(你最好向他们求助，以度过难关。)”符合题意，选项中的them指代上文的people。故选A。 4．本段的主旨是“Try to solve the problem.(尝试解决问题)”，根据上文“After you’re calm and you have support from adults and friends, it’s time to get down to business.(在你冷静下来并得到成年人和朋友的支持之后，是时候开始工作了。)”可知，当冷静下来后，就要弄明白问题是什么，这样才能解决问题。E项“You need to figure out what the problem is.(你需要弄明白问题是什么。)”符合题意，与上文承接自然。故选E。 09 【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 “TALKING with you for one night is better than studying books for ten years” this was the comment of an old Chinese scholar after he had had a conversation with a friend. 1 And today the phrase “a night’s talk” has become a current expression for a happy conversation with a friend at night, either past or expected. Such a supreme pleasure as having a perfect conversation with a friend at night is necessarily rare, for as the playwright Li Liweng has pointed out, “ 2 ” The discovery of a man up in a mountain temple, who really understands life and at the same time understands the art of conversation, must therefore be one of the keenest pleasures, like the discovery of a new planet by an astronomer or of a new variety of plant by a botanist. There is an evident distinction between mere talking and conversation as such. This distinction is made in the Chinese language between shuohua (speaking) and tanhua (conversation), which implies that in conversation the language used is more chatty and leisurely and the topics more trivial and less business like. 3 We can discuss business with almost any person, but there are very few people with whom we can truly hold a night’s conversation. Hence, when we do find a true conversationalist, the pleasure is equal to, if not above, that of reading a delightful author, with the additional pleasure of hearing his voice and seeing his gestures. Sometimes we find it at the happy reunion of old friends, or among acquaintances indulging in good memories, and sometimes among strangers on a distant journey. There will be chats about ghosts and fox spirits, mixed with amusing tales or impassioned(激昂的) comments: on international affairs, and sometimes before we know it, a wise observer and conversationalist may shed light on things that have bothered you for a long time. 36 A．There is much truth in that statement. B．Friendship fades without a sincere conversation. C．Whatever it is, conversationalist does contribute to our happiness. D．Such conversations remain among the memories that we cherish for life. E．Those who are wise seldom know how to talk, and those who talk are seldom wise. F．A similar difference may be noted between business letters and the letters of literary friends. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．F 4．C 【导语】本文是议论文。文章探讨了与朋友交谈的益处，分析了健谈者可以带来的影响。 1．前文““TALKING with you for one night is better than studying books for ten years” this was the comment of an old Chinese scholar after he had had a conversation with a friend.( “与君一席话，胜读十年书”，这是一位中国老学者与一位朋友交谈后的评价。)”提到一个与朋友交谈受益匪浅的谚语，后文“And today the phrase “a night’s talk” has become a current expression for a happy conversation with a friend at night, either past or expected.( 今天，“a night’s talk”这个短语已经成为一个流行的表达方式，用来形容和朋友在晚上愉快的谈话，无论是过去的还是预期的。)”提到另一个与朋友愉快交谈的表达，因此推断空处也是解释这些谚语，A项“那句话很有道理。”符合语境，承上启下。故选A。 2．前文“Such a supreme pleasure as having a perfect conversation with a friend at night is necessarily rare (与朋友在晚上进行一次完美的交谈，这种至高无上的快乐必然是罕见的)”说明了与朋友交谈带来的快乐是罕见的，下文“The discovery of a man up in a mountain temple, who really understands life and at the same time understands the art of conversation, must therefore be one of the keenest pleasures, like the discovery of a new planet by an astronomer or of a new variety of plant by a botanist.( 因此，在山间寺庙里发现一个真正懂得生活，同时又懂得谈话艺术的人，一定是最令人愉快的事情之一，就像天文学家发现了一颗新行星，植物学家发现了一种新的植物品种一样。)”也是谈论发现一个真正懂得谈话艺术的人是令人愉快的事情，因此推断剧作家李立翁指出的就是这种与朋友交谈的快乐，B项“没有真诚的交谈，友谊就会消退。”符合句意，说明真诚的谈话的益处，承上启下。故选B。 3．前一段的“This distinction is made in the Chinese language between shuohua (speaking) and tanhua (conversation), which implies that in conversation the language used is more chatty and leisurely and the topics more trivial and less business like.( 汉语中有“说”和“谈”的区别，这意味着在谈话中使用的语言更健谈，更悠闲，话题更琐碎，更不像商业。)”提到谈话不像是商业，下文“We can discuss business with almost any person, but there are very few people with whom we can truly hold a night’s conversation.(我们几乎可以和任何人讨论业务，但很少有人能真正和我们彻夜畅谈。)”也提到了商业交谈，因此推断F项“在商业信函和文学朋友的信函之间也可以发现类似的区别。”符合语境，承接上文说明谈话与商业和文学朋友的来往不一样，引出下文解释不同之处。故选F。 4．前文“Sometimes we find it at the happy reunion of old friends, or among acquaintances indulging in good memories, and sometimes among strangers on a distant journey. There will be chats about ghosts and fox spirits, mixed with amusing tales or impassioned(激昂的) comments: on international affairs, and sometimes before we know it, a wise observer and conversationalist may shed light on things that have bothered you for a long time.(有时是老朋友的欢聚，有时是熟人的回忆，有时是远行的陌生人。会有关于鬼和狐仙的谈话，夹杂着有趣的故事或对国际事务的慷慨激昂的评论，有时在我们意识到之前，一个明智的观察者和健谈者可能会把困扰你很久的事情弄清楚。)”说明了交谈带来的益处，因此推断C项“不管是什么，健谈的人确实有助于我们的幸福。”符合语境，“Whatever it is”承接上文，归纳总结。故选C。 1 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$