非谓语动词 讲解 课件-2025届高三下学期英语一轮复习专项

Non-predicate verbs 非谓语动词 Part 1 什么是非谓语动词？ 何时使用非谓语动词？ 在一个句子中，除了谓语动词之外的其他动词形式就叫非谓语动词。 非谓语动词的概念 敲重点： 皇上 (主语) 皇后 (谓语) 妃子 (非谓) Part 2 谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别 do / does / did 一般时 be + doing 进行时 have/has/had + done 完成时 V情 + do 情态动词 be + done 被动语态 谓语动词（皇后） will/would + do 将来时 doing to do done 非谓语动词（妃子） doing to do done 非谓语动词（妃子） 形式 主动 被动 一般式 to do 完成时 进行时 形式 主动 被动 一般式 doing 完成时 being done having done having been done to be done to have done to have been done to be doing 巩固练习 1. eat 2. being eaten 3. ate 4. is writing 5. should write 6. written 7. had seen 8. seeing 9. having seen 10. plays 11. will play 12. to be played 哪些是 “皇后” ？ 哪些是 “妃子” ？ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 (1)The girl____________(dance) in the classroom now. →分析：该句中_________(有/没有)谓语动词，所以该空格应使用________(谓语/非谓语动词)，时态为_____________。 (2)The girl_________(dance) in the classroom now and she looks very confident. →分析：该句中______(有/没有)谓语动词，但是有并列连词_______连接了两个动词，所以空格应使用________(谓语/非谓语动词)。 没有 谓语动词 现在进行时 is dancing 有 and 谓语动词 is dancing （3）The girl_________(dance) in the classroom now looks very confident. →分析：该句中_____(有/没有)谓语动词，并且______(有/没有)连词，所以空格应使用_____________(谓语/非谓语动词)。 （4）The girl who__________(dance) in the classroom now looks very confident. →分析：该句中_____(有/没有)谓语动词，但是有从属连词_______，所以空格应使用________(谓语/非谓语动词)，时态为____________。(who引导的定语从句) 有 没有 非谓语动词 有 who 谓语动词 现在进行时 is dancing dancing ★ 一个句子中已经存在一个________, 又没有_______的情况下，另一个动词需要用_______________。 → 小结一下： 谓语动词 连词 非谓语动词 The Golden Rule: 一个简单句只能有一个谓语。 如果要出现更多动词怎样表达呢？ 有三种方法啊。 加并列连词（but, and, so…）变成并列句； 加从属连词（because, when…）变成从句； 一个动词作谓语，将其他动词变成非谓语动词。 Part 3 非谓语动词的形式及用法 非谓语动词的形式及句法功能 种类 形式 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 不定式 to do √ √ √ √ √ 动名词 doing √ √ √ √ 现在分词 doing √ √ √ √ 过去分词 done √ √ √ √ 宾补 √ 动名词的句法功能 Traveling around the world is my dream. My dream is traveling around the world. I like walking in the rain. There is a swimming pool. 主语 表语 宾语 定语 A pool for swimming. 表示功能和用途。 20 现在分词的句法功能 My job is interesting. I saw him playing basketball when I went to school. Do you see the boy swimming in the pool? Seeing from the top of the mountain, I found the city more beautiful. ******************************************************** I am so excited. I heard a song sung by Lucy yesterday. The man injured in the accident is my idol. Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is more beautiful. 表语 补语 定语 状语 表语 补语 定语 状语 过去分词的句法功能 21 不定式的句法功能 To become a billionaire is my dream. My dream is to become a millionaire. I want to become a millionaire. She asks me to help her. He is the first one to come. To become a millionaire ，I dreamed a lot. 主语 表语 宾语 补语 定语 状语 22 Part 4 动名词doing作主、表、宾、定 现在分词doing作表、补、定、状 一、动名词作主语表示经常性、习惯性、抽象性的概念，有时用it作形式主语。 eg：Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火很危险。 【注意】　下面句型中常用动名词作主语： It is/was a waste (of...)/no use/no good/worth/worthwhile doing sth eg：It is no use complaining without taking action. 不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。 It is no good coming before that. 在那之前来没有用。 doing动名词作主语 二、动名词作表语，说明主语的内容，且主语和表语的位置可互换。 eg：His job is teaching English. =Teaching English is his job. My hobby is singing. =Singing is my hobby. doing动名词作表语 三、动名词作宾语 ①常跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)： 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想 consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon，admit，delay/put off，fancy 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏 avoid，miss，go on/keep on，practise，deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准避免 forbid，imagine，risk，can’t help，mind，allow/permit，escape doing动名词作宾语 eg：He tried to avoid answering my questions. 他试图对我的问题避而不答。 We only missed seeing each other by five minutes. 我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。 My mother couldn’t help smiling when she heard the good news. 听到那个好消息，我妈妈情不自禁地笑起来。 ②由“动词＋介词”构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语，常见的有be/get used to (习惯于)，feel like (想要)，insist on (坚持)，get down to (开始)，devote...to...(致力于……)，object to (反对)，stick to (坚持)，give up (放弃)等。 eg：He gets used to living in the countryside now. 他现在习惯了住在乡下。 With many reference materials in hand，he got down to writing his papers. 手头有许多参考资料，他开始写论文。 ③下列动词或短语既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别： mean to do sth打算做某事 mean doing sth意味着做某事 forget to do sth忘记要去做某事(未做) forget doing sth忘记做过某事(已做过或已发生) regret to do sth对要做的事感到遗憾(未做) regret doing sth对做过的事后悔(已做) ｛ ｛ ｛ go on to do sth继续做另一件事 go on doing sth继续做原来做的事 remember to do sth记住去做某事(未做) remember doing sth记得做过某事(已做) eg：I meant to give you this book today，but I forgot. Missing this train means waiting for another hour. try to do sth努力去做某事 try doing sth尝试做某事 ｛ ｛ ｛ ④在need，want，require等后表示被动意义，不定式要用被动语态，动名词不需要。 eg：My bike needs to be repaired. ＝ My bike needs repairing. 我的自行车需要修理。 四、动名词作定语时主要表示被修饰名词的用途、功能或特征，通常用于被修饰名词前。 eg：a swimming pool （游泳池）= a pool for swimming dancing shoes （舞鞋） = shoes for dancing a waiting room （等候室）= a room for waiting doing动名词作定语 amazing 令人惊异的　　 astonishing 令人惊讶的　　 disappointing 令人失望的 exciting 令人激动的　　 frightening 令人恐惧的　　　 interesting 令人感兴趣的 moving 动人的　　　　 relaxing 使人放松的　　　　 shocking 令人震惊的 surprising 令人惊讶的　 worrying 令人担忧的　　　 puzzling 使人迷惑的 eg: This book is quite interesting. 这本书很有趣。 The news is encouraging. 这消息令人鼓舞。 现在分词doing作表语 一、作表语(由表示人的某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来) 1) When we returned, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 2) The boss kept the workers working the whole night. 3) With winter coming, it’s getting colder and colder. 二、作宾语补足语 现在分词作宾补，常放在宾语后面，对宾语进行补充说明，表示一个正在进行的主动的动作，强调动作过程或状态。 现在分词doing作宾补 观察：能用现在分词作宾补的几类词： 1.表示感觉和心理状态的的动词，即：____ 动词， 如：______________________________________ see, hear, watch, feel, think, find, notice等 2.表示“使”“令”“让”等意义的动词， 即：______动词,如：________________________ make, get, have, help, leave 3.用于______复合结构中，对宾语起补充说明作用。 感官 使役 With 三、作定语 1.单个的现在分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或 代词_____。 2.现在分词短语作定语：通常_____________，其作用相当于定语从句。 eg：a dancing girl The lady standing here is a famous star. = The lady who is standing here is a famous star. 前面 作后置定语 现在分词doing作定语 1.The man ________ (sit) on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University. 2.Who is that girl ________ (walk) along the river? 3.The children ____________ (practise) playing the violin over there will give a performance next week. 4.The man with sun-glasses ________ (stand) near a car is a detective. 5.The old lady _________ (talk) to the children is a famous musician. sitting walking practising standing talking 四、作状语 , 可表时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、让步等情况。 1.作时间状语 现在分词作时间状语时，相当于时间状语从句。可在现在分词前加连词“when, while, until，after，before”等，使其时间意义更明确。 eg： Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination. ＝ After we have made full preparations, we are ready for the examination. 现在分词doing作状语 2. 作原因状语 现在分词作原因状语时，可转换为由since, because或as引导的原因状语从句，这类状语多放在句子的前半部分。 eg：Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. ＝ Since he was ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. 3. 作条件状语 现在分词作条件状语时，可转换为if, once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。 eg：Working hard at your lessons，you'll succeed. ＝ If you work hard at your lessons，you'll succeed. 4. 作让步状语 现在分词作让步状语时，相当于一个以though/although 引导的让步状语从句。 eg： Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. ＝Although they knew all this, they made me pay for the damage. 5. 作方式/伴随状语/结果状语 现在分词作方式，结果或伴随状语时，通常不能转换为状语从句，但可用并列分句代替。 eg: She stood by the window, watching the rain fall. ＝ She stood by the window and watched the rain fall. His parents died，leaving him an orphan. ＝ His parents died and left him an orphan. 6. 作评注性状语 有些动词­ing 形式在句中没有逻辑主语，往往作为评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。如：generally speaking(一般来说)、judging by/from...(从……判断)、taking everything into consideration(全面考虑)。 eg: Judging from his behaviour, he must be mad. 特别提醒: 1) 动词-ing形式作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致. Looking out of the window, the garden was beautiful.  Looking out of the window, we found the garden beautiful. While reading the book, the telephone rang.  While she was reading the book, the telephone rang. ｛ ｛ 2)动词­ing 形式的一般式/完成式 使用动词­ing 形式的一般式(doing)还是完成式(having done)，取决于动词­ing 形式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作发生时间的先后。当动词­ing 形式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生时，用动词­ing 形式的一般式；当动词­ing 形式所表示的动作先发生，而谓语动词所表示的动作后发生时，用动词­ing 形式的完成式。 Walking in the street, I met an old friend of mine.(walk的动作和谓语动词met的动作同时发生) 我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。 Having finished the letter, he went to post it.(finish的动作先发生，谓语动词went的动作后发生) 他写完信后就把它寄了出去。 3) 动词­ing 形式的主动式/被动式 使用动词­ing 形式的主动式还是被动式，主要取决于动词­ing 形式和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是动词­ing 形式的逻辑主语。 Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy.(现在分词的被动式) 他们被领着参观了工厂后，很高兴。 Having finished his homework, he went to bed.(现在分词的主动式) 完成作业后，他上床睡觉了。 4) 动词­ing 形式的否定式 构成：not＋doing；not＋having done。 Not knowing this, he didn't come. 他不知道这件事，所以没来。 Not having made full preparations, we put off the sports meeting. 因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会推迟了。 1.______________(try) many times, he still couldn't overcome the difficulties. 2.____________ (eat) at the cafeteria before, Tina didn't want to eat there again. 3.Unless ______ (see) the changes with your own eyes, you will never believe their greatness. 4.His car broke down on the way, thus ________ (cause) him to be late for the election. 5.Tom walked away, __________ (complain) about the cold weather. Having tried Having eaten seeing causing complaining 6.There are many goods, ________ (range) from food and drink to some electronic products. 7.You have to prepare the next question __________ (depend) on what the person says. 8.________ (walk) in the street with his dog following him, he felt really free and pleased. 9._______________ (finish) his work, he went out into the garden to have a walk. ranging depending Walking Having finished Part 5 过去分词done作表、补、定、状 过去分词done作表语 一、过去分词作表语 1．过去分词作表语的用法 过去分词可放在系动词be、get、feel、remain、seem、look、become等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态。 eg: He looked worried after reading the letter. 看完信后，他显得很忧虑。 即学即练1　(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空 ①We got a little (sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind. ②While waiting for the opportunity to get (promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty. (2)单句写作 ③你为什么总是看上去很疲劳？ Why do you always ? ④我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。 I at the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better. sunburnt promoted look tired was disappointed 2．过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别 过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而动词的被动语态表 示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。 The cup is broken. (系表结构) 杯子碎了。 The cup was broken by Tom. (被动语态) 杯子是汤姆打碎的。 即学即练2　单句写作 ①这本书写得很好。 ． ②这本书是他去年写的。 ． The book is well written The book was written by him last year 3．感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别 英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。常用的这类词有： 动词­ing 形式，表示“令人……的” 动词­ed形式，表示“感到……的” interesting有趣的 interested感兴趣的 exciting令人激动的 excited激动的 delighting令人高兴的 delighted高兴的 disappointing令人失望的 disappointed失望的 encouraging鼓舞人心的 encouraged 感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的 pleased愉快的 puzzling令人费解的 puzzled迷惑不解的 satisfying令人满意的 satisfied满意的 surprising令人吃惊的 surprised惊奇的 worrying令人担忧的 worried担忧的 frightening令人害怕的 frightened害怕的 即学即练3　用所给动词的适当形式填空 ①The look on her ace suggested that she was __________by the scene.(frighten) ②The news was and they were all at it.(excite) ③We all felt at the news.(encourage) ④The audience were all to tears by the film. (move) frightened frightened frightening exciting excited encouraged encouraging moved moving 二、过去分词作宾语补足语 1．过去分词和宾语之间的关系 及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时，表示该动词与宾语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系；少数不及物动词(如fall、go、change等)的过去分词作宾语补足语时，仅表示动作的完成；seat、hide、dress等的过去分词作宾语补足语时一般表示宾语的状态，不表示被动或完成。 I had my watch repaired. 我修理了我的手表。 When she woke up, she found the world changed. 她醒来后，发现世界变了样。 When I came in, I found the boy seated at the back of the classroom. 我进来时发现这个男孩坐在教室后排。 过去分词done作宾补 2．过去分词作宾语补足语的五种情况 (1)用在表状态的动词keep、leave等后面，构成“keep/leave＋n./pron.＋过去分词”结构。 With English words getting popular, a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them, leaving the public divided into two opposing groups: “For” and “Against”． 随着英语单词变得流行，一部汉语词典收录了239个英语单词，这让公众分成了相反的两派：支持和反对。 (2)用在表示“致使”意义的使役动词have、get、make等后面，构成“have/get/make＋n./pron.＋过去分词”结构。 They are going to have the entrance hall painted white. 他们准备让人把门厅粉刷成白色。 He is trying to make himself understood. 他在努力让别人理解他的意思。 (3)用在感官动词或表示心理状态的动词see、watch、observe、find、hear、feel、notice等后面，构成“see/watch/...＋n./pron.＋过去分词”结构。 She felt a great weight taken off her mind. 她觉得心头的重担卸了下来。 (4)用在表示“爱憎、意愿”等的动词like、hate、want、wish等后面，构成“like/hate/...＋n./pron.＋过去分词”结构。 I wish the problem settled at the meeting. 我希望这个问题在会议上得到解决。 (5)用在“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，宾语与过去分词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。这一结构通常在句中作状语，表示时间、方式、条件、原因等。 With many brightly coloured flowers planted around it, her house looks like a beautiful garden. 由于周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花，她的房子看上去就像一个漂亮的花园。 即学即练4　用所给动词的适当形式填空 ①But that's how nature is—always leaving us (astonish). ②They make great gifts and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. ③Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car (wash). ④Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues (amuse) with her stories. ⑤With the problem (solve), the quality has been improved. ⑥The boss wouldn't like the topic (discuss) at the meeting. astonished decorated washed amused solved discussed 三、过去分词作定语 1．过去分词作定语时的意义 通常及物动词的过去分词作定语强调被动、完成或只强调被动； 不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示完成。 Her daughter brought up by me has begun to work.(及物动词短语；表被动和完成) 她的那个由我带大的女儿已经开始工作了。 The wind swept the fallen leaves.(不及物动词；表完成) 风刮走了落叶。 过去分词done作定语 即学即练5　判断并选择下列句中划线词属于过去分词作定语的哪种情形 A．只表被动 B．只表完成 C．既表被动又表完成 ①On the other hand, I hope to broaden my horizons in this developed country.( ) ②I found it hard to understand the English spoken by the native villagers.( ) ③It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.( ) B A C 2．过去分词作定语时的位置 (1)单个过去分词作定语时，常放在所修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，常放在所修饰词的后面。此时，过去分词短语可转化为相应的定语从句。 (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the recognised home of the soup dumplings. 上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡。 Near the window is a bookshelf filled with books (＝which is filled with books). 靠近窗户有一个装满书的书架。 (2)如果被修饰的词是由every­、some­、any­、no­与­thing、­body、­one共同构成的复合不定代词或者指示代词those等，单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。 There has been nothing changed in London since I left it two years ago. 自从我两年前离开伦敦后，它就一直没有什么变化。 [名师点津]　(1)有些过去分词，如left(剩余的)，concerned(有关的)等，习惯用作后置定语。 the room left　所剩的空间 the people concerned 有关人士 (2)某些不及物动词的过去分词，不可以单独作前置定语，但可以与某些副词构成复合形容词作前置定语。 well­behaved children 表现得体的孩子们 a widely­travelled businessman 一个游历广泛的商人 newly­arrived visitors 新来的参观者 即学即练6　(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空 ①The beautiful long branches (cover) with pink­coloured buds make fantastic decorations. ②Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message (intend) for everyone. (2)同义句转换 ③He is a teacher loved by his students. → ． ④The student who is dressed in white is my daughter. → ． covered intended He is a teacher who/that is loved by his students The student dressed in white is my daughter 四、过去分词作状语 1．过去分词作状语的类型 过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随或结果，相当于一个状语从句或一个并列句。其逻辑主语为句子的主语，二者之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。 (1)作时间状语 相当于时间状语从句，可在过去分词前加上连词when、while、until等，使其时间意义更明确。 When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. ＝When he was asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. 。 过去分词done作状语 (2)作原因状语 相当于原因状语从句或并列句。 Seriously injured, he had to be taken to the hospital. ＝Because he was seriously injured, he had to be taken to the hospital. ＝He was seriously injured, so he had to be taken to the hospital. (3)作条件状语 相当于条件状语从句，可加连词if、unless等转换成条件状语从句。 Used with care, one tin will last for six weeks. ＝If it is used with care, one tin will last for six weeks. (4)作让步状语 相当于让步状语从句，有时可加although、though、even if、even though、whether ... or等连词转换成让步状语从句。 Defeated by his opponent, he never gave up any hope. ＝Although he was defeated by his opponent, he never gave up any hope. (5)作方式、伴随状语 相当于and连接的并列句。 She accepted the gift, deeply moved. ＝She accepted the gift, and she was deeply moved. (6)作结果状语 表示动作的直接结果。 She met with an accident when crossing the road, wounded in the head. [名师点津]　有些过去分词(短语)因源自系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。此类过去分词(短语)常见的有：lost(迷路)、seated(坐)、hidden(躲)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦)等。 Lost in thought, he didn't hear the bell. 由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。 即学即练7　(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空 ①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) (encourage) by his words, I agreed to give it a try. ②Children, when (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. ③ (found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art. ④ (translate) into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. Encouraged accompanied Founded Translated 2．过去分词作状语时的位置 过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。 Told that his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly. (原因状语) 得知母亲生病了，李雷迅速赶回了家。 The old man walked into the room, supported by his son. (方式状语) 老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。 3．过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别 过去分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。 [名师点津]　(1)分词作状语记忆口诀 分词作状语，主语是问题。前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主谓用­ing ，动宾用­ed。 Used for a long time, the book looks old. (动宾关系) 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。 Using the book, I find it very useful. (主谓关系) 在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。 (2)无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。 If caught, the police will punish the thief.( ) If caught, the thief will be punished by the police.( ) If the thief is caught, the police will punish him.( ) 即学即练8　用所给动词的适当形式填空 ①When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, (tell) me stories till I fell asleep. ②—Where is Jimmy? —Just now I saw him sitting under the tree, (absorb) in his video games. × √ √ telling absorbed Part 6 动词不定式to do作主、宾、表、补、定、状 主动式 被动式 一般式 进行式 完成式 完成进行式 结构 : to do (否定) not/never to do to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing ---------- ---------- 一、作主语 ①动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。（可由it作形式主语,而将真正的主语不定式后置。） 1.To point out the mistakes you have made is my chief purpose. 2.To become a slave is to give up one's freedom. 3.It is impossible for him to give up smoking. 4.It will take you only about two hours to get there by air. 不定式to do作主语 ② It is +adj. + for sb to do sth. 1.对于学生们来说，理解这篇文章很容易。 It is easy for the students to understand this article. 2.对于一个十几岁的中学生来说，每天打3小时的电脑游戏将是非常有害的。 It will be very harmful for a teenager student to play computer games for 3 hours a day. ③ It is +adj. of sb to do sth. 这些形容词是：kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, rude, polite, naughty . 1.你太愚蠢了借给那个骗子那么多钱。 It’s foolish of you to lend so much money to that cheat. 2.他这么年轻就辍学了实在太不明智。 It was unwise of him to drop out of school so young. 二、作宾语 通常后接不定式作宾语的动词及短语总结： ask,arrange, choose,demand(要求), plan, ,intend, mean(计划), manage, learn, wish, hope, desire, expect, long（渴望）, want, would like, should like, would prefer, agree, promise(同意), decide, determine, offer(主动提出), apply(申请), help(帮助), fail(不能、没有), prepare(准备), pretend(假装), refuse(拒绝), happen(碰巧), afford(负担得起), it is up to sb to do sth （该由某人做......),sb is said to do（据说某人做……） 等。 不定式to do作宾语 巩固检查：不定式作宾语的动词句型汉译英 1.要求做... 2.安排做... 3.选择做... 4.计划做... 5.打算做... 6.设法做成... 7.学习做... 8.希望做... 9.渴望做... 10.同意做... ask to do ; demand to do arrange to do choose to do plan to do intend to do ; plan to do; mean to do manage to do learn to do wish to do ; expect to do ; hope to do desire to do agree to do 1.be supposed to do 2.be determined to do 3.fail to do 4.go all out to do 5.have the nerve to do 6.have a great mind to do 7.make up one's mind to do 8.make an effort to do 9.prepare oneself to do 10.take the trouble to do 11. be likely to do 12. try one's best to do 应该做某事 决心要做某事 未能做某事 全力以赴做某事 有胆量做某事 很想做某事 决定做某事 努力做某事 有思想准备做某事 不辞辛苦地做某事 很可能做某事 竭尽全力做某事 注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用it作形式宾语。句型为“主语+find (feel, think, believe, consider,etc) +it+形容词/名词+to do sth”。 1.他认为有必要把这件事向领导汇报。 He thought it necessary to report the thing to the leader. 2.我觉得懂得如何急救是至关重要的。 I find it vital to know how to do first aid. 三、 作表语 不定式做表语常常表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”。 如果主语部分有个实义动词do, 用作表语的不定式可省略to。 1.一个喜剧演员的工作就是逗人们笑。 A comedian's work is to make people laugh. 2.她的愿望就是献身于帮助需要帮助的人。 Her wish is to devote her life to helping those in need. 3.All I want to do now is fill my stomach. 不定式to do作表语 四、作宾语补足语 (1).在感官动词（see, hear, feel, listen to , notice, watch, observe等）和使役动词（let, have， make ）后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但这类句子变成被动语态时，必须带to。 1.I saw him play in the park. →He was seen to play in the park. 2.The boss made those men work day and night. →Those men were made to work day and night. 不定式to do作宾补 (2).可后接动词不定式作宾补的动词有：advise, allow, permit,ask,tell, want, order, wish, expect,help,get,invite,persuade,cause,remind, teach,train,warn, bear,encourage,beg,request,force,oblige, drive, demand of,command,elect, forbid ,call on等。(+sb.+ to do sth.)   1.医生建议她不要吃太多的糖。 The doctor advised her not to eat too much sugar. 2.政府号召我们保护环境。 The government calls on us to protect our environment. 不定式to do作定语 1．动词不定式(短语)作定语，常表示将来的动作。 The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important. 将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。 The airport to be completed next year will help promote tourism in this area. 明年将要完工的机场将有助于促进这一地区的旅游业。 2．一般情况下，动词不定式(短语)作定语会置于被修饰词的后面，并且与被修饰词之间构成一定的逻辑关系。 (1)主谓关系：被修饰词是动词不定式所表示的动作的发出者。此时被修饰词通常由only、very、next、last、序数词或者形容词的最高级修饰。 The future to greet us will be very bright. 迎接我们的未来将非常光明。 China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. 中国已成为首个将探测器在月球背面着陆的国家。 (2)动宾关系：被修饰词是动词不定式所表示的动作的承受者。此时需要注意，如果构成不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后应接相应的介词。 The teacher left us a lot of problems to solve. 老师给我们留了许多要解决的问题。 He can find no one to make friends with. 他找不到可交朋友的人。 Mr Brown has something important to deal with at present. 目前布朗先生有一些重要的事情要处理。 [名师点津]　动词不定式与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系时，若不定式所表示的动作是由句子主语发出的，则不定式用主动形式表示被动意义；若不定式所表示的动作不是由句子主语发出的，则不定式用被动形式。 I have a letter to write.(句子主语“我”写) 我有一封信要写。 The old lady has a letter to be written.(句子主语“老妇人”自己不会写信，是让别人帮忙写) 老妇人有一封信要写。 (3)修饰关系 动词不定式对被修饰词起到补充说明的作用。此类被修饰词常见的有：ability、ambition、attempt、chance、courage、time、decision、effort、failure、offer、promise、right、way、wish、reason等。 Now it is time to begin our class. 现在是上课的时间了。 Is that the way to open the can? 那就是打开罐头的方法吗？ The voluntary service gives you a chance to change lives, including your own. 志愿服务给你一个改变生活的机会，包括(改变)你自己的生活。 You should grasp the ability to solve the complex problems. 你应该掌握解决复杂问题的能力。 即学即练1　单句语法填空 ①Our tour also includes a chance (walk) in the footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin. ②A housewarming party is a special party (hold) when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. ③He has no pen to write ． ④On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters (write). ⑤You might think that with all these dangerous animals Australia is an unsafe place to live or visit. ⑥Do you have anything (do) tonight? ⑦The best way (improve) your English is to join an English club. to walk to be held with to write in to do to improve 1．作目的状语 动词不定式(短语)作目的状语，主要用来修饰动词，表示某一动作或状态的目的。 (1)to do ...　为了做…… 这种形式可置于句首(起强调作用，有逗号与句子隔开)或句尾(通常不用逗号隔开)。在句首时常译为“为了……”；在句尾时常译为“以便……；目的是……”。 To help us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes. 为了帮助我们应对考试，老师建议通读我们的笔记。 We work hard to be admitted to a key university. 我们努力学习，目的是考上重点大学。 不定式to do作状语 [名师点津]　不定式(短语)表示的是主语的目的，因此其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。 为了画好地图，你需要一支特殊的钢笔。 To draw maps properly, a special pen is needed.( ) To draw maps properly, you need a special pen.( ) × √ (2)in order to do ...　为了做…… 这种形式更能突出目的性，既可置于句首，也可置于句尾。 In order to lose weight, he takes exercise like crazy. ＝He takes exercise like crazy in order to lose weight. 为了减肥，他拼命锻炼。 (3)so as to do ...　为了做…… 这种形式与“in order to do ...”一样突出目的性，但“so as to do ...”不能置于句首。 He closed the window so as to keep warm. 为了保暖他关上了窗户。 [名师点津]　不定式的否定式均是在to前加not。 We had better hurry up in order/so as not to be late for class.为了上课不迟到，我们最好快点。 (4)动词不定式的复合结构作目的状语 当动词不定式(短语)有自己的执行者时，需用动词不定式的复合结构for sb to do作状语。 He opened the door for the children to come in. 他打开门以便孩子们进来。 (5)动词不定式与目的状语从句的转换 动词不定式(短语)作目的状语可以与目的状语从句相互转换。 当目的状语从句中的主语与主句主语相同时，可以直接简化为动词不定式(短语)作状语。 We dressed up in order that/so that we could start early. ＝We dressed up in order to/so as to start early. 我们穿戴整齐以便早点动身。 即学即练2　一句多译 我们将召开会议来讨论这种不健康的生活方式。 ①We'll hold a meeting the unhealthy lifestyle.(to do) ②We'll hold a meeting the unhealthy lifestyle.(in order to do) ③We'll hold a meeting the unhealthy lifestyle.(so as to do) ④ the unhealthy lifestyle, we'll hold a meeting.(in order to do) ⑤ the unhealthy lifestyle, we'll hold a meeting.(to do) to discuss in order to discuss so as to discuss In order to discuss To discuss 2．作结果状语 动词不定式(短语)作结果状语，常用于以下结构： (1)so/such ... as to do sth　太……以至于做某事 Would you please be so kind as to help me? 您能好心帮帮我吗？ He is such a fool as to believe them. 他如此傻以至于相信他们。 (2)only/never/...＋to do，表示出乎意料的结果 He went to school early only to find nobody was there. 他早早地去了学校，结果发现学校里没人。 She went abroad never to return. 她出国了，再也没回来。 (3)too ... to do sth　太……以至于不能做某事 The box is too small to hold all these things. 这个箱子太小以至于装不下所有这些东西。 (4)... enough to do sth　足够……做某事 The girl was lucky enough to get a train ticket. 这个女孩足够幸运买到了一张火车票。 即学即练3　单句写作 ①他匆忙赶到火车站，却发现火车开走了。 He hurried to the railway station ． ②他到了参军的年龄了。 He is ． ③那个女孩很善良，帮助了那位老人。 The girl is ． only to find the train had left old enough to join the army so kind as to help the old man 3．作原因状语 动词不定式作原因状语，常用于“主语(人)＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。形容词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况。常用于此结构的形容词有：sorry、disappointed、surprised、foolish、astonished、excited、glad、happy、anxious、delighted、pleased等。 We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition. 令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。 [名师点津]　还有一类形容词，如easy、difficult、hard、cheap、expensive、fit、comfortable、heavy、good、 important、 impossible、dangerous等，表示主语的特征或性质，后面也常用不定式作状语。动词不定式和句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。 The morning air is so good to breathe that he gets up early every day. 早上的空气呼吸起来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。 即学即练4　单句语法填空 ①The old man sat in front of the television every evening, and he was happy (watch) anything that happened to be on. ②Tom was very happy (elect) monitor of the class. to be elected to watch To tell the truth, I don’t agree with you. 不定式to do独立结构 to tell (you) the truth  说老实话 to begin with 首先 to say nothing of 姑且不说 so to speak 可以这么说 to be sure 诚然，固然 to be exact 精确地说 to be frank 坦率地说 to conclude  总而言之 to be honest 诚实地说 to be brief  简言之 to make a long story short 长话短说 to do him justice 说句对他公道的话 疑问词+to do :可以作主语、表语和宾语。 1.教授正在告诉学生如何做实验。 The professor is telling the students how to do the experiment. 2. 我们不知道下一步该干什么。 We wondered what to do next. 3.在哪里放书橱的问题正困扰着我们。 Where to put the bookcase is puzzling us. 疑问词 + 不定式to do $$