Unit 8 语法被动语态第二讲 课件 2024-2025学年译林版英语八年级下册

被动语态 被动语态 动词语态 英语动词有两种语态: 主动语态:主语是动作的执行者 被动语态:主语是动作的承受者 Many people speak English.(主动语态) English is spoken by many people.(被动语态) 被动语态格式: be动词+过去分词+(by +执行者) 当动作执行者不确定 或不强调时省略 被动语态使用方法 被动语态使用方法: 不知道动作的执行者是谁, 或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。 (1) 昨晚我的自行车被偷了。 My bike was stolen last night. (2)信件每天早晨八点收取。 Letters are collected at eight every morning. 被动语态使用方法: 2. 为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。 (1)这张课桌是王先生做的。 The desk was made by Mr. Wang. (2)那个包是她姐姐提走的。 That bag was taken away by his sister. Read the following sentences: 1.It is called a stamp. 2. Many trees and flowers were planted in our school last year. 3. Some famous paintings will be shown in the hall next week. 4. A new school is being built now. 6. Twelve-year-olds shouldn’t be allowed to drive in China. 5. Many modern tall buildings have been built so far. 考察动词:(判断)时态 + 语态(变形) 比较主动语态和被动语态的结构形式(默写) 时态 主动语态 被动语态(be+过去分词) 一般现在时 v. / v.+s/es am, is, are+done 一般过去时 v.+ed was, were+done 一般将来时 will, shall +v. be going to + v. will, shall+be+done am/is/are+going to be done 过去将来时 would+v. would+be+done 现在进行时 am, is, are+v.ing am, is, are+being+done 过去进行时 was, were+v.ing was, were+being+done 现在完成时 have, has+done have, has+been+done 过去完成时 had+done had+been+done 情态动词 情态动词+v. 情态动词+be+done 翻译: 1. 中国南方种稻子。(一般现在时) Rice _ in the south of China. 2. 这个蛋糕是我妈妈昨天做的。(一般过去时) The cake _ by my mother yesterday. 3. 这条路正在修建。(现在进行时) The road _ now. 4. 明年一所新的医院将在我们城市建成。(一般将来时will) A new hospital _ in our city next year. 5. 那位病人将被送去医院。(一般将来时be going to) That patient_ to hospital. is grown was made is being built will be built is going to be sent 翻译: 6. 他的钥匙还没找到。(现在完成时) His key _ yet. 7. 那时他的汽车正在修理。(过去进行时) His car _ then. 8. 到去年年底建成了两所希望学校。(过去完成时) Two Hope Schools _ by the end of last year. 9. 青少年绝不允许开车。(情态动词) Teenagers _ to drive. hasn’t been found was being repaired had been built mustn’t be allowed 情态动词的被动语态 情态动词的被动语态: He can answer the question. We must plant trees in spring. Nurse should take care of the children. The question can be answered by him. Trees must be planted in spring (by us). Children should be taken care of by the nurse. 情态动词+be+过去分词 Exercise: He will repair your watch. Your watch _ (by him). 2. They must test the new car. The new car must _ (by them). 3. You have to write the letter again. The letter _ again (by you). 4. We haven’t turned on the radio yet. The radio _ yet (by us). will be repaired be tested has to be written hasn’t been turned on 主动变被动: 宾变主,主变宾 动词变成相应时态的被动 检查三单和过去分词 主动形式表被动意义 即不能用被动语态 13 主动形式表被动意义: There be结构中的不定式作定语时。 今天要洗的衣服太多了。 There are too many clothes to wash today. 2. 系动词用主动形式表被动。 如:feel, look, smell, sound, taste, turn, get等。 这道菜闻起来很香。 This dish smells nice. 主动形式表被动意义: 3. 在too…to…结构中,用不定式的主动形式表被动。 这篇课文太难理解。 This text is too difficult to understand. 4. be worth v.ing 值得做某事,主动表被动。 这本书值得一读。 This book is worth reading. 主动形式表被动意义: 5. 有些形容词cheap, expensive, difficult, easy, important 等加不定式时,主动表被动。 这个问题很难回答。 This question is difficult to answer. 6. 有些动词sell, write, ride后加well或badly时, 主动表被动。(高频) 这种书卖得好。 This kind of book sells well. 这种笔写起来很流畅。 This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 主动形式表被动意义: 7. need+doing = need to be done 表示“…需要被做” 这辆车需要洗一下。 The car needs washing. The car needs to be washed. 这个裙子上的洞需要补一下。 The hole on the skirt needs mending. The hole on the skirt needs to be mended. 不能用被动语态的情况 不能用被动语态的情况: 不及物动词不能用被动语态。 如: happen, appear, rise, remain, disappear等。 事故昨天发生的。 The accident happened yesterday. 只能用主动语态 2. 不及物动词短语,不能用被动语态。 如: take place, break out等。 中国已经发生了巨大的变化。 Many great changes have taken place in China. 只能用主动语态 五种简单句: 主+谓 主+ 谓+宾 主+系+ 表 主+ 谓+ 间宾+直宾 主+谓+ 宾语+宾补 不及物动词vi:语意完整,不需要加宾语; vi+介词+宾语 如:listen, look, wait, agree, run, happen... 及物动词vt : 语意不完整,后需加宾语。如: love, hate, buy, offer, say, make... 系动词link-v:连接主语和表语,一般后面加名词,形容词等。 五感官三变化两发生:look,smell,taste,feel,sound,become,get,turn,happen,take place。 19 不能用被动语态的情况: 3. 系动词没有被动语态。 如: be, become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, seem, smell,sound, taste, stay, turn等。 (1) 他看起来很好。 He looks fine. (2) 这鱼闻起来很香。 The fish smells good. 特殊情况的被动语态 特殊情况: 1. 双宾语情况:含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时有两种情况。 (间接宾语当主语,直接宾语当主语) He gave the boy an apple. 间接引语 直接引语 五种简单句: 主+谓 主+ 谓+宾 主+系+ 表 主+ 谓+ 间宾+直宾 主+谓+ 宾语+宾补 特殊情况: (1)把间接宾语(人)改为主语,直接宾语保留不变: 1. The boy was given an apple (2)把直接宾语(物)改为主语时,间接宾语前要加to或for. 2. An apple was given to the boy. 什么时候用to?什么时候用for呢? (give, pass, show, send- to) (buy, draw, make -for) 特殊情况: My father sent me a new book. 1. I was sent a new book by my father. 2. A new book was sent to me by my father. Lily made me a birthday cake. 1. I was made a birthday cake by Lily. 2.A birthday cake was made for me by Lily. 特殊情况: 2.一些短语动词是不可分割的整体,改为被动语态时要保持其完整性,其中的介词或副词不可遗漏。 We must take good care of the young trees. Young trees must be taken good care of by us. of不能少 特殊情况: We should hand in our homework tomorrow. Our homework should be handed in tomorrow. We must speak politely to the old. The old must be spoken to politely. in不能少 to不能少 I was looking for the cat. We should pay close attention to the problem. We listened to the teacher carefully. We have never talked about the question. 特殊情况: 3.感官动词或使役动词在主动语态中与不带的to不定式连用,改为被动语态时,必须还原to. They watched the children sing. The children were watched to sing . I often hear her sing in the next room. She is often heard to sing in the next room. 特殊情况: 这类动词常见的有:一感,二听,三让,四看 一感: feel 二听:listen to, hear 三让:let, have, make 四看:watch, notice, look at, see 特殊情况: I saw her mother clean the road this morning. Her mother was seen to clean the road this morning. My teacher made me stand outside for an hour. I was made to stand outside for an hour by my teacher. 特殊情况: 4. 主+谓+宾+宾补结构改为被动语态时,只需要把主动语态中的宾语改为主语,宾补在被动语态中作主补,动词正常变形,其余不变. He cut his hair short. His hair was cut short. 宾语 宾语 补足语 主语 主语 补足语 特殊情况: They told him to help me. He was told to help me. 宾语 宾语 补足语 主语 主语 补足语 I asked her to go with me. She was asked to go with me. 宾语 宾语 补足语 主语 主语 补足语 将下列句子改为被动语态: 1. We often use a recorder in our English class. 2. The parents found the boy in the street. 3. We must clean the blackboard. 4. I saw her reading a book two hours ago. A recorder is often used (by us) in our English class. The boy was found (by the parents) in the street. The blackboard must be cleaned (by us). She was seen reading a book two hours ago. 将下列句子改为被动语态: 5. Someone has stolen my bike. 6. They are building a house. 7. My family will buy a computer next week. My bike has been stolen. A house is being built. A computer will be bought next week. 将下列句子改为被动语态: 8. I often buy my mother something. (2种) 9. My brother gave me a book. (2种) 10. We can hear her sing this song. Something is often bought for my mother by me. My mother is often bought something by me. A book was given to me by my brother. I was given a book by my brother. She can be heard to sing this song. 作业 $$