考题猜想01 阅读理解-说明文培优专练20篇-2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末考点大串讲（北师大版）

2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末考点大串讲（北师大版2019） 考题猜想01 阅读理解-说明文培优专练20篇 原卷版 满分策略 一、阅读理解说明文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。 二、数据计算题注重“原文定位”和“细节理解”，弄清来龙去脉再计算。 三、重视说明文“倒三角形”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特引领作用。 四、标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。 五、说明文长难句落实“括号法”--（从句）（非谓语）（介词短语）（名词短语）。 六、猜测词义题注意运用“代入法”从情感和逻辑角度推测最佳答案。 七、推理判断题注意题干关键词、原文定位和选项同义替换三位一体。 八、满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。 Passage 01 （24-25高二上·安徽·期末）Many woodland creatures enjoy eating acorns (橡子), but nothing is quite like the acorn woodpecker (啄木鸟). This medium-sized woodpecker is found across Central America and the western United States. They use their impressive pecking ability to create an incredible storage system for their precious acorns. Acorn woodpeckers create storage trees out of dead branches, trees, houses, or even poles. Used year after year, the birds store their winter food supply in the perfectly formed holes they peck in the dead wood. Given that these impressive food stores can have upwards of 50,000holes, they aren’t just the work of a single acorn woodpecker. The species lives in family groups of up to 12 birds that share nests and even raise chicks together. They also work as a team to build the storage trees, which future generations will use to keep themselves fed throughout the year. While there might be concerns that other animals could find these storage trees and take the acorns for themselves, the woodpeckers ensure that won’t happen. They manage to pack the acorns in so tightly that anyone looking for a free snack would have a hard time removing them from the holes. As the acorns dry out, they become smaller in size, making them easier for the acorn woodpeckers to remove once it’s feeding time. To ensure that nothing is too loose before they’re ready to eat, a member of the group checks all the acorns from time to time and moves any shrunken (皱缩的) acorns to a smaller hole. These complex social behaviors have long attracted scientists, and are widely studied. Though acorn woodpeckers are closely associated with acorns, it’s actually not their primary food source throughout the year. They prefer insects and fruits, relying on their backup food source of acorns to get them through the winter. 1．What’s the main characteristic of acorn woodpeckers according to Paragraph 1? A．Their love for acorns. B．Their ability to peck. C．Their natural habitat. D．Their medium size. 2．What can we know about acorn woodpeckers? A．They live in family groups and work together. B．They store food in holes of living trees. C．Their year-round main food source is the acron. D．They exist across the United States. 3．Why do acorn woodpeckers pack the acorns tightly in the holes? A．To help the acorns dry out faster. B．To let acorns easier to remove later. C．To make the storage trees look neat. D．To prevent other animals taking the acorns. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．The Diet of Acorn Woodpeckers B．The Social Life of Acorn Woodpeckers C．The Acorn Woodpecker’s Family Structure D．The Acorn Woodpecker’s Amazing Acorn Storage Passage 02 （24-25高二上·安徽·期末）I think almost everyone has seen it, especially at Christmas or perhaps at a birthday party. A child gets an amazing number of presents and begins to open them. It becomes a race, tearing the wrapping off of each present and finally getting to the last one. Not spending significant time or attention with any specific toy, the child asks, “Is this all there is?” This raises an interesting question: Does the number of toys affect the amount of time a young child spends playing with each toy and the quality of play with each toy? To test the theory that an environment with fewer toys would lead to a higher quality of play, Dauch and his colleagues designed a clever laboratory study. The researchers chose 36 kids aged from 18 to 30 months and their parents. The participants came from similar socioeconomic backgrounds and had typical development of personal-social, motor, and cognitive (认知的) skills. Thirty-two different toys were used in this study. The toys came from four categories of toys: (1) educational, (2) pretend (toys that suggest themed play), (3) action (building, opening, twisting), and (4) vehicles. Data collection took place in two similar playrooms. There were two conditions for toy play: a four-toy and a 16-toy condition. Toys were randomly selected from the four categories of toys and assigned to the four or 16 toy conditions. Each kid and caregiver attended three one-hour sessions in which observers collected data. They recorded three types of data. They found a significant difference in the quality of the kids’ play when there were four versus 16 toys. Kids in the four-toy condition engaged in a greater quality of play compared to the 16-toy condition. They found that having fewer toys can lead to better play, while a greater number of toys (16 compared to four) seemed to be a distraction (干扰), which caused the kids to abandon play with a toy to explore the others. Control over attention is a key skill children need to master. Too many toys create distractions. Kids played twice as long with toys in the four versus the 16-toy condition and more imaginative ways. 1．Why did Dauch and his colleagues conduct the study? A．To assess the cognitive skills of kids. B．To understand how kids choose toys. C．To study how many toys affect play quality. D．To compare different categories of toys. 2．How did the researchers ensure the participants were alike? A．They selected kids who are boys. B．They selected kids of the same age. C．They selected kids who hadn’t played with toys before. D．They selected kids with similar backgrounds and development. 3．What conclusion did Dauch and his colleagues draw from their study? A．Educational toys benefit kids most. B．Fewer toys improve the quality of play. C．More toys always lead to better play. D．Fewer toys result in abandoning play. 4．Where might the text be taken from? A．A travel magazine. B．A toy company’s website. C．A child psychology book. D．A news article about education. Passage 03 （24-25高二上·安徽合肥·期末）Walking in the local supermarket, you will be caught by the scent (气味) of mixed herbs (香草), mentally transporting you to a kitchen filled with the smell of your favorite home-cooked meal. In no time, your plans for dinner and your shopping list change. Previous research has found spreading a chocolate scent in a bookstore increased interest in romance books and cookbooks. And natural scents in a store encouraged spending on products with fewer man-made characteristics. Generally, different scents have been shown to influence shoppers’ choices of specific types of clothing. To understand the effect of herbs, our new research was broken into three parts: experiments in the lab, a field study and online surveys. In our sensory lab at Auckland University of Technology, we invited participants to experience the smell of mixed herbs while shopping in a supermarket. Shoppers bought more baskets of healthy goods when in an environment with the herbal smell compared to the non-herbal smell. In the field study, we spread a herbal scent in two stores and found shoppers experiencing the scent bought more healthy food items than those experiencing no scent. Our online surveys present a similar result-even when the scents are only imagined. According to the research, when participants are smelling a certain scent, they easily start activities related to the scent. The act of smelling or imagining a herbal scent encourages memories of cooking and eating home-cooked meals prepared from fresh ingredients (食材). We find the mental connection with home-cooking then drives customers to choose and buy related healthy foods rather than processed foods. Beyond general smells that come from the products, supermarkets often use man-made scents, such as spreading the grapefruit smell in the produce section, and the chocolate smell in the sweet foods section. Understanding the influence of certain smells isn’t just about increasing sales. Supermarkets play a key role in shaping food choices. Using scent marketing to direct customers towards wiser food choices is an under-explored opportunity to achieve better public health results. 1．What can we infer from previous research? A．Bookstore sales keep rising. B．Material influences the scent quality. C．Man-made products are gaining popularity. D．Scent marketing has been widely applied. 2．What does the new research show? A．Natural food markets attract more customers. B．Herbal scents add to the health value of food. C．Herbal scents encourage healthy food choices. D．Mixed smells cause trouble for decision-making. 3．What is the function of paragraph 4? A．Raising doubts. B．Explaining reasons. C．Suggesting solutions. D．Making comparisons. 4．What is a benefit of using man-made scents in supermarkets? A．Improving public health. B．Promoting food storage. C．Increasing sales of all products. D．Simplifying product arrangement. Passage 04 （24-25高二上·河南信阳·期末）There have been some issues with the promotion of artificial intelligence (AI) technology that we won’t address here. Today, we will tell you about everyone’s new favorite Grandma, a use for AI that almost no one will be complaining about. Grandma Daisy is being used to answer the phone and chat with scammers (诈骗者). The human-like Grandma Daisy is so realistic that a phone scammer can’t tell she is not real. This allows Grandma Daisy to occupy the scammers for large amounts of time. For the average person, this means that the longer she talks with them, the fewer calls these scammers will make to you! Daisy has one primary goal—to waste a phone scammer’s time. Virgin Media O2, a British telecom company, introduced her to the world last week. She has her own phone number, which is in databases the scammers frequently use. The AI Grandma has secondary goals: to frustrate and annoy a phone scammer by keeping them on the phone as long as possible. A benefit of Grandma Daisy’s programming is that she records conversations. This will help anti-scammer groups inform potential victims of scammers’ methods and tricks. She also collects and sends valuable information to law enforcement departments. Her “job title” is Head of Scammer Relations. They have programmed Grandma Daisy as a senior citizen because the elderly are favorite targets of phone scammers. While there are human operators who perform this function, Grandma Daisy can “operate” her phone 24 hours a day without breaks. She will happily chat away, without mentioning any related information, for as long as possible. She adds lovely tales about her cat, Fluffy, her fondness for knitting, and random small talk to distract the scammers. 1．What can we know about Grandma Daisy? A．It has a very robotic and artificial voice. B．It is more effective than human operators. C．Its age varies depending on the situation. D．Its goal is to let a phone scammer hang up. 2．Why is Grandma Daisy programmed as a senior citizen? A．Because seniors are the main targets of phone scammers. B．Because seniors are more experienced in communication. C．Because seniors have more patience with phone scammers. D．Because seniors have amounts of time to collect information. 3．What is likely to be the future of phone scamming with the existence of Grandma Daisy? A．The number of successful phone scams will decrease. B．Phone scamming will disappear completely soon after. C．Phone scams do little harm to our daily life and work. D．Scammers will develop new ways to avoid being identified. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Magic of AI in Communication B．The Rising Threat of Phone Scammers C．An Innovation of Telecom Companies D．An AI’s Battle Against Phone Scammers Passage 05 （24-25高二上·河南开封·期末）Ever find yourself yawing and reaching for the pillow after only a few chapters of your favorite book? Trust me, I’ve been there too; it appears that reading can indeed tire us out. There are several reasons for this. First of all, reading domains mental effort. Engaging in a cognitive (认知的) activity like roading requires focused mental efforts and intense concentration. As your brain processes unfamiliar words, builds images from the text’s descriptions, and keeps track of multiple characters or concepts, it uses physical energy just like any other part of your body would during physical work. This high level of mental struggle can eventually lead to tiredness over time. Eye strain is also an important factor. Strain occurs when our eyes endure long periods of use without breaks. For instance, following the twisting plot of a mystery novel without pausing can lead to this condition. Eye strain isn’t just about exhaustion though; it brings along symptoms like headaches, blurred vision, twitching eyelids, watery or dry eyes — things that certainly paint a rather awful picture for your otherwise relaxing leisure activity! So next time you wonder’ why does reading make me tired’, know that your exhausted eyes might be signaling for some well-deserved rest! Even more importantly, reading has a calming effect. As a passionate reader, you might’ve noticed the relaxing power of books. When you read a good story, reality fades and your minds find peace in the words on pages. The sensation isn’t by accident; reading has a calming effect that can make us tired. Seeing those shapes we recognize as letters and transforming them into meaningful dialogue or narrative requires mental energy. This effort engages your mind in an immensely focused task which might feel relaxing because it’s distracting from other stressors around us — but don’t be mistaken — it’s like running a spiritual marathon! It explains why reading before bed can improve sleep quality. So next time when tiredness surrounds you while halfway through your favorite characters’ tale, embrace its presence knowing it’s just part of the journey. 1．Why does reading make us tired in terms of mental aspect? A．Because reading makes our minds go blank. B．Because reading forces our brains to work slowly. C．Because our brains use energy to process information. D．Because reading makes our brains think about unrelated things. 2．What are the symptoms of eye strain according to the text? A．Aching throat and cough. B．Stomachache and sickness. C．Back pain and muscle ache. D．Headaches, poor sight, discomfort in eyes. 3．The expression “a spiritual marathon” in the last paragraph refers to ______ . A．a long tiring but rewarding mental journey B．a competition that tests one’s spiritual beliefs C．a simple and effortless way of killing the time D．a physical activity that requires great endurance 4．What is the author’s attitude towards reading making people tired? A．Critical. B．Understanding. C．Indifferent. D．Enthusiastic. Passage 06 （24-25高二上·河南·期末）Elephants are splendid creatures and tourists often go to African countries to see them. Due to conservation efforts, the African elephant population in countries like Kenya is growing. In the country’s popular Tsavo National Park, the number of elephants went from around 6,000 to almost 15,000 in 2021. While this is great news for conservationists, it’s not seen that way by farmers who live in between two parts of the park. The human population has also expanded. This has led to conflicts that often result in elephant deaths. Now an innovative solution — using honeybees — has been found to keep the elephants away from farms. This solution is part of a long-running project from the Save the Elephants organization. The humming (嗡嗡声) of the African honeybees scares off elephants. Now yellow beehive fences (蜂巢围栏) protect some of the local farm lands, including one owned by Kenyan farmer Charity Mwangome. “We used to hate elephants a lot,” she said. But she believed that the beehive fences could rescue her from continuous crop loss. A nine-year study published in the October issue of the journal Conservation Science and Practice found that beehive fences scared away elephants 86.3 percent of the time. The study monitored 26 farms that were protected by the beehive fences in two villages near the park. During the peak growing seasons, 3,027 elephants approached the fences and most were stopped. During the drought of 2017, which reduced the number of bees in the hives by 75 percent, elephants were still scared off 76 percent of the time. Save the Elephants is now building beehive fences in 15 countries in Africa and Asia. But besides stopping elephants, the beehive fences can provide other benefits to communities. Bees provide pollination (授粉) services which can increase crop production and honey from the hives that farmers can sell to add to their income. Mwanajuma Kibula, who has a farm in Kenya that is protected by beehives, harvests honey twice a year from her hives. She makes 450 shillings per jar. This is enough for her to pay for her children’s education. 1．What do the data in paragraph 1 indicate? A．The success of elephant protection. B．The large number of beehive fences. C．The growth of the Indian population. D．The survival crisis facing elephants. 2．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．Elephants have destroyed crops. B．Elephants are likely to hurt farmers. C．Charity Mwangome likes elephants. D．Beehive fences should be torn down. 3．Why is Mwanajuma Kibula mentioned? A．To stress the importance of elephants. B．To show an additional benefit of beehives. C．To praise farmers in African countries. D．To recommend new farming methods. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Long History of Elephants in Africa B．Bees Are Essential to People and the Planet C．An Organization Aiming to Secure Elephants D．Bees Help Keep Elephants Away From Kenyan Farms Passage 07 （23-24高二下·广东·期末）An artificial cognitive system possesses the capability to translate linguistic expressions and syntactical structures from cerebral functional patterns with an impressive degree of precision. By utilizing a brief temporal window of cerebral functional data, the AI can deduce the auditory content that an individual has perceived. The system is capable of positioning the accurate response within its topmost 10 potential outcomes, as determined in a foundational research endeavor. This AI has been engineered at Meta, the corporate entity that encompasses Facebook, and it holds the potential to ultimately assist a vast number of individuals globally who are incapacitated from engaging in verbal communication, textual input, or gestural conveyance. The majority of current technological solutions designed to facilitate communication for such individuals necessitate invasive neurosurgical procedures to implant electrodes. However, this innovative methodology “could offer a viable alternative to assist patients grappling with communicative impediments, circumventing the necessity for surgical interventions,” remarks neuroscientist Jean-Rémi King, a researcher within the Meta AI division. King and his fellow researchers have conditioned a computational apparatus, also referred to as a linguistic model, to identify words and sentences across 56,000 hours of vocalized records from a spectrum of 53 languages. The research collective then applied an AI equipped with this linguistic model to data repositories from four distinct institutions that encompassed cerebral functional data from 169 consenting volunteers. Within these repositories, participants were exposed to an array of narratives and sentences, while their cerebral activity was monitored via magnetoencephalography (MEG). Subsequently, employing a computational technique that accounts for the anatomical variances among individual brains, the team endeavored to decipher the auditory content that the participants had apprehended, utilizing merely three seconds of cerebral functional data from each individual. The team directed the AI to correlate the phonetic elements from the narrative recordings with the cerebral functional patterns that the AI had deduced to be indicative of the auditory stimuli that the subjects were receiving. It then prognosticated the auditory content that the individual might have been exposed to during that brief interval, considering over 1,000 potential options. Utilizing MEG, the correct response was consistently included within the AI’s top 10 conjectures, as ascertained by the researchers. “The current research is focused on the decoding of auditory speech recognition, not its generation,” King concurs, “Although the generation of speech is the ultimate aspiration, at present, we are still considerably distant from achieving this objective.” 1．What is the main advantage of the new technology? A．Avoiding dangerous operations on patients. B．Helping patients with communication problems. C．Providing a path to communicate with others. D．Freeing patients from risky brain operations. 2．Whom might be the AI be beneficial to? A．People unable to communicate normally. B．People who canˈt move around. C．People who are unconscious. D．People unable to eat. 3．What does Jean-Rémi King think of the new study? A．Disappointing. B．Surprising. C．Promising. D．Exciting. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．A New Study on Artificial Intelligence B．The Application of MEG Technology C．A New Way to Decode Speech D．A Solution to Communication Problems Passage 08 （23-24高二下·河南安阳·期末）Space travel is certainly not for someone who is not fearless, for many reasons including its effects on physical health. It can potentially disturb human immune systems (免疫系统) and increase red blood cell death. Astronaut s can even suffer from bone loss during missions. A recent study finds astronauts with no prior history of headaches may experience migraine (偏头疼) and tension-type headaches during long space flight — over 10 days in space. The study looked at 24 astronauts from NASA, the European Space Agency, and a Japanese agency. The astronauts all completed health screenings and a questionnaire about individual headache history before their space flight. Nine of them reported never having any headaches prior to the study, with three reporting a headache that disturbed their daily activities within the last year. None of the astronauts had a history of recurrent headaches or had a migraine report. During space flight, they filled out a daily questionnaire for the first seven days and a weekly questionnaire each following week throughout their stay in the International Space Station. The study found that 92 percent of the astronauts surveyed experienced headaches during space flight, compared to just 38 percent who reported experiencing headaches in the two to six months before going into space. Twenty-two of the 24 astronauts studied also experienced one or more headache times during their first week in space. About 89 percent of these headaches were tension headaches and 10 percent were likely a migraine. Headaches were also of a higher intensity and more likely to be like a migraine during the first week of their space flight. According to W. P. J. van Oosterhout, study co-author, the changes to the brain’s balance and posture system, combined with adjusting to zero gravity during the first week of their space flight, can lead to space motion sickness in the first week, of which headache is the most frequently reported symptom. One of the study’s limitations is that it relied on self-reporting of symptoms, so the memory recall may not have been completely accurate. “Further research is needed to explain the underlying causes of space headache and explore how such discoveries may provide insights into headaches occurring on Earth,” said van Oosterhout. 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The danger of space travel. B．The process of the new study. C．The standard of choosing the astronauts. D．Astronauts’ full preparation for space travel. 2．How does the author mainly develop paragraph 3? A．By analyzing reasons. B．By making comparisons. C．By giving examples. D．By listing figures. 3．What does the new study find about the headache? A．It will result in space motion sickness. B．It will become more serious with the flight on. C．It is an experience for most astronauts in the early space flight. D．It helps astronauts keep a balance between the brain and the body. 4．What does van Oosterhout think of the new finding? A．It has small sample size. B．It needs to be improved further. C．It is correct and true in every detail. D．It will solve the space headache problem to some degree. Passage 09 （23-24高二下·河南安阳·期末）Last January, I finally got around to reading The Last Bear by Hannah Gold. Luckily, I loved it as much as I hoped that I would. So, when the follow-up Finding Bear came out, I knew I had to get it. I pre-ordered it but waited until the beginning of this year to read it. It felt good to be starting the year with April and Bear again. The story in the book takes place about a year after April and her dad left Bear Island. She is finding it difficult to adjust to life back home and is struggling to get on well with her classmates. It doesn't avail her though her father has a good relationship with her headteacher. So, April is already struggling with her emotions before she hears that a polar bear has been shot near Longyearbyen. Convinced that it is her friend Bear, April asks her dad to fly over and look for him. When she gets there, she finds her friend but realizes that he has been through a lot in their time apart. Can April help her friend get his baby to safety without risking her own life? Especially as she has to get assistance from a woman who is ready to shoot any polar bear she sees. Can April persuade the woman into helping them? April is a conscientious and determined girl. She sees what humanity has done to the natural world and will do anything she can to help. She's an inspirational hero and manages to bring environmental issues to the forefront in an understandable way. Not only do we see April's passion but we see how the world is changing. Hannah Gold expertly combines realism with fantasy to write an emotional and important story. 1．What problem does April have with her life away from the Bear Island? A．She misses her homeland very much. B．Her headteacher is not satisfied with her. C．Her relationship with her father becomes worse. D．She finds it difficult to fit in with her classmates. 2．What does the underlined word "avail" in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Help. B．Confuse. C．Interest. D．Embarrass. 3．What can we learn about Finding Bear? A．It has a follow-up The Last Bear. B．It is intended for middle school students. C．Its writer is good at writing science fiction. D．It draws people's attention to environmental problems. 4．What is the text probably? A．A book review. B．A travel journal. C．A children's story. D．A historical novel. Passage 10 （23-24高二下·河南漯河·期末）Consider a situation where you’re playing a card game with a child. She is about to pick the losing card in your hand. You think about how excited she’d be if she won, so you tell her that she might want to select another card. She does, and she wins. You’re both happy. But was letting her win a wise move? Psychologists and parenting experts have long said kids need to lose once in a while. They claim that losing at games or sports helps children build coping skills, and learn what the real world is like. In a recent study, researchers conducted an experiment where 4- and 5-year-olds played a game with hidden objects and clues from two adults. One gave accurate clues, the other false. Then, the researchers set up the game so that half of the kids always found the hidden object, no matter what the adults said. The remaining children played a game left to chance, where they were more likely to find the hidden object if they listened carefully and figured out which adult gave useful clues. Later, the researchers asked the kids who they would choose to help them find more hidden things. Unsurprisingly, kids who had to figure out the clues preferred the adult who gave correct hints. But the kids who always found the object didn’t care which adult helped them. This suggests if kids always win, they might not learn to notice important information. This relates to “trophy culture” where kids get rewards just for taking part. While it might seem nice, it can backfire. Children might start to think they deserve rewards just for showing up. “Good self-esteem comes from mastery. If we don’t let children fail, they’ll miss the chance to own their success,” says therapist Nicki Nance. However, some experts argue that boosting confidence through participation isn’t bad, as long as kids learn the difference between real achievement and just taking part. Also, too much praise can make kids less resilient (有韧性的, 适应性强的). Praise should be saved for when kids do something really impressive. 1．Why should kids experience losing sometimes, according to experts? A．To ensure adults win. B．To make games interesting. C．To control children’s confidence. D．To develop difficulty-addressing ability. 2．What did researchers find about children who always found the hidden object? A．They trusted any clues given. B．They always chose the same adult. C．They often ignored who helped them. D．They preferred the adult with correct clues. 3．What does Nicki Nance believe is important for building confidence in children? A．Giving frequent praise. B．Experiencing failure. C．Rewarding participation. D．Always letting them win. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Learning through Losing B．Teaching Kids to Be Strong C．Risks of Constant Wins D．Benefits of Participation Passage 11 （23-24高二下·河南漯河·期末）The NeuroSkin, an artificial intelligence (AI) powered suit designed to aid in walking, has been tested by two individuals recovering from strokes. This marks the first use of such technology in the UK, specifically at the Morrello Clinic in Newport, Wales. The first testers, who could move a bit and walk with a stick, were part of a small test before a bigger one planned for later this year. The main goal of the NeuroSkin suit is to help people regain strength and motor function to speedup recovery. The suit, controlled by artificial intelligence, sends a series of small electrical shocks to the wearer’s legs which stimulate weak muscles to boost activity and increase strength and coordination. With a main computer worn in a vest, it comes with a variety of sizes for men’s and women’s trousers, as well as slippers. According to Jakko Brouwers, the clinical director at Morrell o, the suit immediately improved the walking ability of stroke survivors when activated. Julie Lloyd, 65, could climb stairs for the first time since her brain injury after using the device. An ex-firefighter also saw improvements. There are plans for more trials in October, as more data is needed. They hope to add five more people to the trial by the end of the year. The suit is not designed to be a permanent solution for people with movement issues but as a tool to help with recovery. “The suit shows them how they need to walk, and then they have to do the walk themselves. It is not going to control their lives, but to help them learn a proper walking pat tem.” Mr Brouwers said. It is particularly beneficial for individuals who have had a stroke. Later this year, the team hopes to try the suit on a person with a spinal cord (脊柱) injury to see how well it works for various problems. 1．What is the primary function of the NeuroSkin suit? A．To replace physical treatment. B．To enhance physical appearance. C．To fix movement problems permanently. D．To help faster recovery by improving strength. 2．How does the NeuroSkin suit work? A．It stimulates muscles with slight shocks. B．It aids in walking with physical support. C．It promotes muscle growth through a shot. D．It uses electric shocks to improve mental health. 3．What will the follow-up test probably focus on regarding the suit? A．Its wider application. B．Its durability. C．Its recovery impact. D．Its comfort and convenience. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A medical curriculum. B．A lifestyle magazine. C．A sports report. D．A technology news website. Passage 12 （23-24高二下·河南南阳·期末）Stuffed animals have often been seen as one of the strange conventions of childhood — an childish love we should eventually let go of, along with imaginary friends and Capri-Suns. If that love lasts past adolescence, it can be seen as embarrassing. Yet that isn’t really such an unusual thing to do: Surveys have found that four in ten American adults sleep with stuffed animals. And it seems that over the past few years especially, plushies (绒毛公仔) and toys have become more popular with adults. This isn’t necessarily a matter of childhood keepsakes tagging along into adulthood for sentimental reasons — adults are buying plushies for themselves, simply because they like them. The “kidult” market, which is defined as anyone over age 12, is said to account for about $9 billion in toy sales every year. Gen Z is leading the way in embracing stuffed animals. “It went from being an embarrassment… to today, when Gen Z and Millennials proudly play,” the toy-industry consultant Richard Gottlieb told NPR. Of course, plenty of people still find it odd or childish for adults to collect stuffed animals. When the TikTok influencer Charli D’Amelio posted a photo of herself lounging with a small army of colorful Squishmallows, some commenters were quick to deride her collection. D’Amelio responded with frustration: “Everyone expects me to be this adult all the time,” she wrote (she was l6 at the time), “I’m still growing up.” I, for one, am not immune to the adult stuffed-animal revival. As a child, I wasn’t super interested in plushies; I saw them as useless, candyless piñatas (采罐). But in my early 20s, many of my friends started buying and gifting stuffed animals. One friend consulted me on whether the name Belly or Lulu would better suit a stuffed dragon. On my 21st birthday, someone gave me my own stuffed Jellycat. I placed it on my bed with no shame, knowing that many of my peers were doing the same. 1．Why is one’s love for stuffed animals considered awkward? A．Because it is unusual. B．Because it is immature. C．Because it is imaginary. D．Because it is conventional. 2．Why do people buy plushies? A．Because of their reasonable prices. B．Because of their personal preference. C．Because of their sentimental feelings. D．Because of the popularity of plushies. 3．Which phrase can best explain the underlined word “deride” in paragraph 3? A．Make fun of. B．Lose control of. C．Speak highly of. D．Take advantage of. 4．What’s the author’s present attitude towards stuffed animals? A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Approving. D．Dismissive. Passage 13 （23-24高二下·河南开封·期末）This nature-inspired “wind tree” can produce green energy in city environments. From community solar farms to co-owned wind turbines (风力发电机), inventors are coming up with new ways to bring green power into our homes. Now, micro wind turbines designed to look like trees are addressing some of the challenges of green energy. The “trees” have branches tipped with leaf-shaped micro wind turbines. “People can sit under the ‘tree’ to keep cool. Its colour can also be changed,” says Luc Eric Krief, owner of New World Wind, the French company behind the technology. But the turbines’ looks aren’t their only attractiveness. At between five and 10 metres tall, the “trees” are easy to set up — even in city environments — without major engineering work. Once a turbine is in place, a single bracket and three bolts (一个支架和三个螺栓) are all that’s needed to complete the setup. Their size also solves some of the other problems faced by big turbines, such as bird crashes. Plus, they run in silence. “Rather than being connected to the national grid (国家输电网), the turbines provide energy directly to a building’s existing electrical system. While it’s unlikely that wind conditions would remain high around the clock, in typical conditions of 8 m/s, one wind tree could produce almost 18,000 kwh per year, enough to power a four-person household. This could reduce a home’s CO2 emissions by over 12 tonnes a year,” says Krief. So far, the company has set up 130 wind trees around the world, from Europe to the US to South Korea. Most of the company’s customers are commercial. They have also set up three wind trees residentially in Birmingham, UK; Vermont, USA; and Switzerland. As New World Wind grows, with plans to enter the Americas, wind trees could become a more familiar sight on streets and in gardens around the world. 1．What is true about the wind tree? A．It can produce electricity. B．It can protect the farm from the wind. C．It can be planted at home to create fresh air. D．It can control the strength of the wind in the city. 2．What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about the wind tree? A．Its appearance. B．Its advantages. C．Its safety. D．Its costs. 3．What can we learn about the wind tree from the words of Krief? A．It is designed for household use. B．It is supported by the national grid. C．It can make some contributions to environmental protection. D．It can help change the way people think about green energy. 4．What can we expect of the wind tree in the future? A．It will face more and more competition. B．It will be seen in more and more places. C．It will be offered mainly to residential customers. D．It will have some necessary technological improvements. Passage 14 （23-24高二下·河南开封·期末）Around seven out of every ten Americans who work in offices do their work in an open environment, defined as at desks without meaningful partitions (隔板), according to an International Facility Management Association survey. That is, if they even have a desk- workers may be assigned only a few feet of a communal (共用的) table. The open-plan office space trend, popularized by creative agencies and technology start-ups, went mainstream because of the belief that open-space environments support innovation. More nearness between employees, the thinking went, would create more interaction and teamwork, promote social interaction and urge productivity. But in fact, purely open-plan offices have been shown to have the opposite effects, creating so much distraction (分心) that employees stayed away from each other. A study funded by Harvard Business Sehaol, the results of which were published last year, tracked what happened when a British company moved its employees from traditional office space, with offices with walls, to an open office. Face-to-face interaction became less — employees spent 72 percent less time interacting with their colleagues. Instead of talking more with each other, the employees put on headphones and began communicating by text and email. As digital communication channels surged, productivity declined. Neuroscience also holds some clues as to why the tight quarters in communal work spaces- where workers are only given about half the space they were given a decade ago- are so hard to work in. “The human voice sets off the most powerful emotional response in our auditory (听觉的) experience. Voice above 55 decibels (分贝) — roughly the sound of a loud phone call- causes measurable stress, ” according to a Wall Street Journal article,  “The Neuroscience-Optimized Office”. “Even more troublesome are overheard ‘halfversations’, in which the listener only knows about one side of a dialogue; our brains automatically imagine the other, ” wrote authors John Medina and Ryan Mullenix. But the solution, say experts including Newport, isn’t to go back to putting everyone into offices with walls. 1．What can we learn about the open office trend according to paragraph 1? A．It allows 10 people at most to work together. B．It is believed to stimulate workers’ creativity. C．It is only popular with new technology companies. D．It is aimed at promoting workers’ social interaction. 2．What does the underlined word “surged” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Suspended timely. B．Became useless. C．Cost less. D．Increased quickly. 3．What makes an open office hard to work in? A．Hearing endless noisy phone calls. B．Showing real emotions publicly. C．Facing communication barriers at work. D．Hearing part of a dialogue between colleagues. 4．What will probably be discussed in the following paragraph? A．What are benefits of the open offices with walls. B．Why the open office makes workers distracted. C．How to deal with the disadvantages of the open office. D．How to draw workers’ attention to their colleagues nearby. Passage 15 （23-24高二下·陕西汉中·期末）In present-day Romania, a decreasing number of craftsmen practice what’s thought to be a centuries-old craft. They search the forest for a fungus (真菌), which grows within trees and sends out shelf-like mushrooms a few inches wide. The fungus is shaved lengthwise into thin strips. Those strips are then stretched to form broad sheets, which can be crafted into hats, bags, jewelry, and ornaments. As far back as 1903, Tlingit craftsmen in what is now the state of Alaska were recorded crafting purses out of a material from agarikon fungus. However, the craftsmen’s process in the early times was about searching for materials, not cultivating them for mass production. Today, the biotechnology company MycoWorks in the US is pioneering in cultivating mycelium (菌丝). Mycelium is a structural wonder — soft, dense, and strong, making it a great potential replacement for leather.     The operation starts with agricultural waste, like sawdust (锯末), which is heated to remove existing microbial life. Once done, it goes into deep plates of varying sizes. Then fungus joins the party, digesting and growing. In some cases, fabric can be added for the mycelium to weave around. The sheet of mycelium is eventually peeled off the wood blocks, and growth comes to an end. It can be easily mistaken for traditional leather. MycoWorks is one of a wave of innovators, all of whom assume that a better understanding of mycelium can redefine the limits of fashion and design. In recent years, MycoWorks’ products have been used in designer bags and pillows. CEO Matt Scullin praises mycelium as a material in fashion, “It has a bit of a soft touch, and it has a bounce. It can absorb the oil s and heat from your fingers when you touch it.” “The early efforts appear to be more moral, and improve eco-footprint. Products made from such material are fully biodegradable — allowing for a future in which dealing with an old pair of shoes might mean simply composting (堆肥) them,” he added. 1．What is the author’s purpose in writing the first paragraph? A．To stress the history of growing mushrooms. B．To introduce a fashion inspired by mushrooms. C．To show ancient mushroom growing techniques. D．To present the novel use of mushrooms in fashion. 2．What does paragraph 3 focus on about mycelium? A．Its growing process. B．Its high quality. C．Its shortcomings. D．Its working life. 3．What does Matt Scullin think of mycelium as a material in the field? A．It is straightforward to grow. B．It offers a rough feel. C．It promotes sustainability. D．It is oil-and-heat resistant. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Fungus Crafts: An Endangered Heritage B．Mycelium: The Green Leather Alternative C．Crafting with Nature: Romania’s Fungal Tradition D．Mycelium’s Role: From Ancient Craft to Modern Innovation Passage 16 （23-24高二下·河南许昌·期末）Sometimes it seems anti-pollution and recycling efforts are a long road to nowhere. That’s how engineer Toby McCartney felt, until visiting India in 2016. While on the trip he worked with a group filling holes on roads using a makeshift (权宜的) method combining waste plastics, diesel fuel (柴油), and fire. Plastic has been used to construct roads in India since the turn of the century — and McCartney realized the idea could be applied to road construction in other countries, “to solve two world problems : plastic waste, and on the other side the poor quality of roads we have to drive on today.” Upon returning home to Scotland, he and two friends started experimenting, melting down various combinations of consumer plastics on his kitchen stove (炉子). After going through over 500 different combinations of waste plastics, they found materials that worked and founded a company, named MacRebur, to start building their plastic-enhanced roads. In MacRebur, waste plastics are broken down into small pieces and replace 20% of the sticky oil-based bitumen (沥青) that is used on traditional roads. The mixed material is up to 60% stronger, up to three times longer-lasting, and has huge environmental benefits. According to McCartney, each mile of road laid with his company’s product uses almost 1.2 million single-use plastic bags or 80,000 plastic bottles. For every one-mile road, there’s a carbon reduction of about 33 tons. McCartney is sure that plastics in roads will not wash back into our rivers and oceans when it rains. Since the plastic is safely sandwiched between stone and bitumen, it can’t easily reenter the environment. “All our plastics are heated to around180 degrees,” says McCartney. “They then fully mix with the remaining bitumen in the road, so there is no micro-plastic present in any of our roads.” “At the end of the day plastic is a great product,” McCartney says. “It lasts long, which is a problem if it’s a waste product, but not a problem if we want it to last.” 1．What do we know about McCartney’s Indian trip? A．He got inspiration from it. B．He taught the locals to fill road holes. C．He witnessed serious plastic pollution. D．He was disappointed by the poor roads. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about concerning MacRebur’s product? A．Its materials. B．Its production procedures. C．Its advantages. D．Its potential applications. 3．What is McCartney’s attitude to the enhanced roads’ environmental cost? A．Reserved. B．Unworried. C．Concerned. D．Uncertain. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Plastics can save the planet B．Makeshift roads will be the norm C．Engineer invents new plastic that lasts longer D．Waste plastics could build the roads of future Passage 17 （23-24高二下·河南·期末）Recent experiments by psychologists at Temple University threw new light on how we learn and how we remember our real-world experiences. The research suggests that varying what we study and spacing out our learning over time can both be helpful for memory — it just depends on what we’re trying to remember. Benjamin Rottman, an associate professor of psychology said, “If you cram (塞进) the night before a test, you might remember the information the next day for the test, but you will probably forget it fairly soon. In contrast, if you study the material on different days leading up to the test, you will be more likely to recall it for a longer period of time.” But while the “spacing effect” is one of the most repeated findings in psychological research, much of this work has been predicated on the idea that what you are trying to learn — the content of the experience itself — repeats identically each time. Yet that is rarely the case in real life, when some features of our experiences may stay the same, but others are likely to change. For example, imagine repeat trips to your local coffee shop. While many features may stay the same on each visit, a new barista (咖啡师) may be serving you. “In contrast,” Rottman said, “we found that for associative memory benefited from stability. Spacing only benefited memory for the pairs that were repeated exactly, and only if there were pretty long gaps between study opportunities. For example, if you are trying to remember the new person’s name, it is more helpful to repeat that same exact name with spacing between each. ” Rottman continued, “This work demonstrates the benefits of spaced learning on memory are not absolute, instead depending on the variability present in the content across repetitions and the timing between learning opportunities, expanding our current understanding of how the way in which we learn information can impact how it is remembered. Our work suggests that both variability and spacing may present methods to improve our memory for isolated features and associative information, respectively, raising important applications for future research, education, and our everyday lives.” 1．How does the “spacing effect” benefit memory? A．By varying what we study. B．By stabilizing what we learn. C．By repeating the material exactly. D．By spreading out learning over time. 2．Why does Rottman mention the example of repeated trips to the coffee shop? A．To illustrate the “spacing effect”. B．To show the variability in real life. C．To stress the significance of memory. D．To explain the importance of stability. 3．What can we infer from the text? A．Repetition is not useful for memory. B．Real-life experiences are easy to forget. C．The findings of the research are limited. D．Memory can be improved by proper methods. 4．Which is the best title for the text? A．How to Improve Our Memory B．The Benefits of Spaced Learning C．Stability and Variability in Memory D．Varying What You Study for Better Memory Passage 18 （2024·安徽黄山·二模）Living in a city, you may face fewer parking spaces, more pollution, less personal space, and more traffic and noise, all of which contribute to higher stress levels, often translating to aggression (攻击行为). And now, researchers have found evidence that this behavior applies to song sparrows (歌雀) too. But it comes with a surprising benefit to the youngest generation of city sparrows. There are fewer city-living song sparrows than in the countryside. However, the increased aggression observed in the males can be connected to a more pressing need to defend territories in urban settings. But that increased aggression doesn’t mean the males fail in their duties as fathers. In fact, the researchers were surprised to find that the opposite may be true. “Male songbirds are thought to reduce parental care when they are more aggressive. Yet this study showed that urban male song sparrows provided more care for their young,” says Dr Samuel Lane, lead author of the study. “Against our expectations, we found that they visited nests more often and were more successful parents than the males in the countryside.” The researchers carried out their studies at six sites across southwest Virginia, USA, across four breeding (繁殖) seasons. They found that the high survival rate of their chicks was subject to many factors. Not only did male sparrows visit their nests more often, but they also began feeding chicks earlier in the day. Despite the challenges of being a city bird, hatching success was observed to be higher in urban habitats. And even though brood parasitism, one species laying eggs in the nest of another, is typically higher in urban areas, the researchers observed that rates of nest predation, the act of other animals eating eggs or young birds, were lower, further contributing to the overall nesting success of these sparrows. Lane said, “Our study adds to growing evidence that certain species of songbirds even benefit from living in urban environments when there is enough green space for them to find food and nest locations.” The team hope ongoing research in this area will contribute to the establishment of urban environments aimed at offering improved support for wildlife. 1．What causes the increased aggression of male city sparrows? A．The stress of protecting their territories. B．The worsening of urban noise pollution. C．The challenges of building their nests. D．The growing needs of younger generations. 2．What had the researchers expected of urban males compared to those in the countryside? A．They lived shorter lives. B．They had a higher population. C．They had lower nest attendance. D．They woke up earlier in the morning. 3．Which of the following can be found in urban areas according to the study? A．Higher nest locations. B．Reduced brood parasitism. C．Limited breeding seasons. D．Lower nest predation rates. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．City Male Birds Do It All B．Aggressive Birds Surprise Scientists C．Big City Life Makes Birds Better Dads D．The Future of City Birds Lies in Our Hands Passage 19 （24-25高二上·江苏苏州·期末）A watched pot never boils, but time flies when you’re having fun. These all-too-familiar sayings have a basis in solid science — our sense of time expands and contracts (收缩) depending on the way we experience the world around us. This is not just a general impression of time’s passage. It also has a great deal to do with psychology. “There are a lot of illusions (错觉) of time,” says Martin Wiener, a scientist at George Mason University. Recently, his team have found that more memorable images seem to last longer, and these lasting images also appear to be more memorable. Looking at red objects makes time pass slower than staring at blue ones. The slowdown also occurs when inspecting bigger and brighter objects. To understand how the memorability of an image might relate to our sense of time, the team conducted four experiments, in which participants were shown images with different time periods. They were asked to hold down a button, either “short” or “long”, to indicate the length of time the image was displayed on the screen. Participants perceived that more memorable images remained on the screen longer and that they were more likely to recall them later. These results suggest that images aren’t just more memorable if people look at them for a longer time, a well-established effect. Images are also more memorable if people perceive that they have looked for longer when they really haven’t. This suggests that there is some underlying factor that is causing both of these effects. The team later found that more memorable images were processed faster. They help the brain process more information in a limited time. This is especially relevant (有关的) to the brain’s visual system. With limited resources, the visual areas have to set priorities. In other words, memorable images may be memorable because they’re just easy for our systems to process. Why faster processing would make time last longer is still a mystery, however. For now, the most reasonable explanation for why our brain slows time is that it is increasing the amount of information it can take in at once. 1．What is the function of paragraph 1? A．To prove an opinion. B．To present a phenomenon. C．To challenge a viewpoint. D．To introduce a new finding. 2．Why did the team conduct the experiments? A．To perceive memorable images. B．To categorize the length of time. C．To know the secret of time perception. D．To test the memory of the participants. 3．According to Wiener, what’s the underlying cause of some images being more memorable? A．They have limited resources. B．They contain more information. C．They are looked at for a longer time. D．They are easy for the brain to process. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Memory relies on visual aids. B．Faster processing makes time fly. C．Resources influence time perception. D．Memorable things make time slow down. Passage 20 （24-25高二上·江苏苏州·期末）Will there be another Harry Potter? Between 1997 and 2007, it seemed like every child was reading J.K. Rowling’s fantasy novels about a teenager’s adventures. Kids worldwide spent long hours reading the thick hardcovers many times. But when digital reading began supplanting print reading, we may never again see another book series attract kids’ attention as Harry Potter did. In addition, the switch to digital reading may be affecting kids’ reading comprehension skills, a recently published study finds. Scientists at the University of Valencia in Spain analyzed 26 previous studies, each exploring the effect of leisure-time digital reading on comprehension. They found that digital reading does improve comprehension skills, but the beneficial effect of deep reading is between six and seven times smaller than that of print reading, and it’s smallest for children. Great exposure to digital reading activities may prevent early readers from building firm reading basics in a critical period. Digital texts tend to be much shorter and have worse linguistic (语言学的) quality compared to printed works. Phones and computers also expose readers to distractions (干扰) from social media, You tube, and video games. Because youth tend to have poor impulse (冲动) control, they are more likely to be distracted than adults when engaging in digital reading. They also are less likely to have mastered vocabulary and grammar rules. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. The more kids are exposed to print reading, the better able they are to understand and recall what they are reading. Moreover, as young readers consume longer and more complex texts, their reading skills improve, further boosting their abilities. It is therefore recommended that parents and teachers limit kids’ time with digital content, or at least emphasize printed works or using basic e-readers with ink-screens. 1．What does the underlined word “supplanting” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Changing. B．Replacing. C．Influencing. D．Aiding. 2．What does the author focus on in the first two paragraphs? A．The loss of deep reading. B．The importance of reading. C．The appeal of print reading. D．The benefits of digital reading. 3．The study finds that print reading can enhance kids’ reading abilities because of __________. A．Parents’ reading skills. B．Social Media’s support. C．Paper’s physical properties. D．Kids’ consumption of easy texts. 4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Basic e-readers can be promoted. B．Print reading still has a place nowadays. C．Teachers should limit kids’ reading time. D．Parents should emphasize digital reading. Passage 21 （24-25高二上·江苏扬州·期末）Standing on a stage, singing a folk song at a local Chinese festival, is an important memory for Kien Vuu. While he was too young to understand the words he was singing, he did understand how much he loved performing music. Vuu did not grow up to become a professional singer. Instead, he became a noted longevity (长寿) doctor. Yet he never lost his love for singing. “In my work as a doctor, I’ve become convinced that having hobbies is an essential part of living and aging well,” he says. In addition to boosting his mood, singing helps him bond with his family and most importantly, feel connected to his Chinese cultural traditions. A wrong view is that engaging in hobbies is a waste of time. However, Dr. Kaiser says nearly all hobbies can provide measurable positive health benefits. And the science backs this up. Multiple studies in 2021 found strong evidence that engaging in entertainment can improve our brain’s networks to change and adapt. Hobbies take advantage of this flexibility and help your brain create new connections, helping you in areas beyond just that particular skill. This can be the reason why Kien Vuu, who has a passion for singing, does well in medicine. Do hobbies make us happier? Absolutely, in many ways. People who made a conscious effort each day to spend time doing hobbies showed an average boost of 8% in well-being and a 10% drop in stress and anxiety, according to a 2023 study published in Journal of Personality. Similarly, folks who reported having at least one hobby were found to have fewer depressive symptoms and higher levels of happiness, health and life satisfaction, according to a 2023 study published in Nature Medicine. Is there a right number of hobbies to have? The answer is individual. Dr. Kaiser points out while a hobby is what you can do in your spare time that brings you joy, not all hobbies are created equal when it comes to health and happiness. 1．What is the biggest influence of loving music on Kien Vuu? A．Promoting his professional growth. B．Protecting him from physical diseases. C．Ridding him of the negative emotions. D．Feeling attached to his Chinese origin. 2．What can the 2021 multiple studies help us understand? A．Students who are good at dancing will come out first in dancing shows. B．People who like playing Chinese chess can perform well in mathematics. C．Parents who prefer writing often have children follow in their footsteps. D．Friends who enjoy science fiction films always go to the cinema in groups. 4．How does the writer explain the findings in the last but one paragraph? A．By giving explanations. B．By raising questions. C．By offering suggestions. D．By making comparisons. 5．What might be discussed after this passage? A．Ways of choosing personal hobbies. B．Benefits of loving performing music. C．Shortcomings of previous research. D．Approaches to doing further studies. 试卷第22页，共22页 试卷第21页，共23页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末考点大串讲（北师大版2019） 考题猜想01 阅读理解-说明文培优专练20篇 解析版 满分策略 一、阅读理解说明文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。 二、数据计算题注重“原文定位”和“细节理解”，弄清来龙去脉再计算。 三、重视说明文“倒三角形”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特引领作用。 四、标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。 五、说明文长难句落实“括号法”--（从句）（非谓语）（介词短语）（名词短语）。 六、猜测词义题注意运用“代入法”从情感和逻辑角度推测最佳答案。 七、推理判断题注意题干关键词、原文定位和选项同义替换三位一体。 八、满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。 Passage 01 （24-25高二上·安徽·期末）Many woodland creatures enjoy eating acorns (橡子), but nothing is quite like the acorn woodpecker (啄木鸟). This medium-sized woodpecker is found across Central America and the western United States. They use their impressive pecking ability to create an incredible storage system for their precious acorns. Acorn woodpeckers create storage trees out of dead branches, trees, houses, or even poles. Used year after year, the birds store their winter food supply in the perfectly formed holes they peck in the dead wood. Given that these impressive food stores can have upwards of 50,000holes, they aren’t just the work of a single acorn woodpecker. The species lives in family groups of up to 12 birds that share nests and even raise chicks together. They also work as a team to build the storage trees, which future generations will use to keep themselves fed throughout the year. While there might be concerns that other animals could find these storage trees and take the acorns for themselves, the woodpeckers ensure that won’t happen. They manage to pack the acorns in so tightly that anyone looking for a free snack would have a hard time removing them from the holes. As the acorns dry out, they become smaller in size, making them easier for the acorn woodpeckers to remove once it’s feeding time. To ensure that nothing is too loose before they’re ready to eat, a member of the group checks all the acorns from time to time and moves any shrunken (皱缩的) acorns to a smaller hole. These complex social behaviors have long attracted scientists, and are widely studied. Though acorn woodpeckers are closely associated with acorns, it’s actually not their primary food source throughout the year. They prefer insects and fruits, relying on their backup food source of acorns to get them through the winter. 1．What’s the main characteristic of acorn woodpeckers according to Paragraph 1? A．Their love for acorns. B．Their ability to peck. C．Their natural habitat. D．Their medium size. 2．What can we know about acorn woodpeckers? A．They live in family groups and work together. B．They store food in holes of living trees. C．Their year-round main food source is the acron. D．They exist across the United States. 3．Why do acorn woodpeckers pack the acorns tightly in the holes? A．To help the acorns dry out faster. B．To let acorns easier to remove later. C．To make the storage trees look neat. D．To prevent other animals taking the acorns. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．The Diet of Acorn Woodpeckers B．The Social Life of Acorn Woodpeckers C．The Acorn Woodpecker’s Family Structure D．The Acorn Woodpecker’s Amazing Acorn Storage 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了橡子啄木鸟的生活习性、储存食物的方式、社会行为以及它们与橡子的关系。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“This medium-sized woodpecker is found across Central America and the western United States. They use their impressive pecking ability to create an incredible storage system for their precious acorns.(这种中等大小的啄木鸟遍布中美洲和美国西部。它们用它们令人印象深刻的啄食能力为它们珍贵的橡子创造了一个令人难以置信的储存系统)”可知，橡子啄木鸟的主要特征是它们令人印象深刻的啄食能力。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The species lives in family groups of up to 12 birds that share nests and even raise chicks together. They also work as a team to build the storage trees, which future generations will use to keep themselves fed throughout the year.(该物种生活在多达12只鸟的家庭群体中，它们共享巢穴，甚至一起抚养小鸡。他们还组成一个团队来建造储存树，后代将用这些树来保证自己全年的食物供应)”可知，橡子啄木鸟以家庭为单位生活，一起工作。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“While there might be concerns that other animals could find these storage trees and take the acorns for themselves, the woodpeckers ensure that won’t happen. They manage to pack the acorns in so tightly that anyone looking for a free snack would have a hard time removing them from the holes.(虽然人们可能会担心其他动物会发现这些储存树并将橡子占为己有，但啄木鸟确保不会发生这种情况。他们设法把橡子塞得很紧，以至于任何想要免费零食的人都很难把橡子从洞里拿出来)”可知，橡子啄木鸟把橡子紧紧地塞在洞里是为了防止其他动物拿走橡子。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Many woodland creatures enjoy eating acorns (橡子), but nothing is quite like the acorn woodpecker (啄木鸟). This medium-sized woodpecker is found across Central America and the western United States. They use their impressive pecking ability to create an incredible storage system for their precious acorns.(许多森林生物都喜欢吃橡子，但没有什么比得上橡子啄木鸟。这种中等大小的啄木鸟遍布中美洲和美国西部。它们用它们令人印象深刻的啄食能力为它们珍贵的橡子创造了一个令人难以置信的储存系统)”以及纵观全文可知，全文围绕橡子啄木鸟独特的橡子存储系统展开，包括协作建造存储树、防盗措施及社会行为，所以D项“橡子啄木鸟惊人的橡子储存”是本文最好的标题。故选D项。 Passage 02 （24-25高二上·安徽·期末）I think almost everyone has seen it, especially at Christmas or perhaps at a birthday party. A child gets an amazing number of presents and begins to open them. It becomes a race, tearing the wrapping off of each present and finally getting to the last one. Not spending significant time or attention with any specific toy, the child asks, “Is this all there is?” This raises an interesting question: Does the number of toys affect the amount of time a young child spends playing with each toy and the quality of play with each toy? To test the theory that an environment with fewer toys would lead to a higher quality of play, Dauch and his colleagues designed a clever laboratory study. The researchers chose 36 kids aged from 18 to 30 months and their parents. The participants came from similar socioeconomic backgrounds and had typical development of personal-social, motor, and cognitive (认知的) skills. Thirty-two different toys were used in this study. The toys came from four categories of toys: (1) educational, (2) pretend (toys that suggest themed play), (3) action (building, opening, twisting), and (4) vehicles. Data collection took place in two similar playrooms. There were two conditions for toy play: a four-toy and a 16-toy condition. Toys were randomly selected from the four categories of toys and assigned to the four or 16 toy conditions. Each kid and caregiver attended three one-hour sessions in which observers collected data. They recorded three types of data. They found a significant difference in the quality of the kids’ play when there were four versus 16 toys. Kids in the four-toy condition engaged in a greater quality of play compared to the 16-toy condition. They found that having fewer toys can lead to better play, while a greater number of toys (16 compared to four) seemed to be a distraction (干扰), which caused the kids to abandon play with a toy to explore the others. Control over attention is a key skill children need to master. Too many toys create distractions. Kids played twice as long with toys in the four versus the 16-toy condition and more imaginative ways. 1．Why did Dauch and his colleagues conduct the study? A．To assess the cognitive skills of kids. B．To understand how kids choose toys. C．To study how many toys affect play quality. D．To compare different categories of toys. 2．How did the researchers ensure the participants were alike? A．They selected kids who are boys. B．They selected kids of the same age. C．They selected kids who hadn’t played with toys before. D．They selected kids with similar backgrounds and development. 3．What conclusion did Dauch and his colleagues draw from their study? A．Educational toys benefit kids most. B．Fewer toys improve the quality of play. C．More toys always lead to better play. D．Fewer toys result in abandoning play. 4．Where might the text be taken from? A．A travel magazine. B．A toy company’s website. C．A child psychology book. D．A news article about education. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是说明文。文章描述了一项关于玩具数量对儿童玩耍质量和时间影响的研究。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“This raises an interesting question: Does the number of toys affect the amount of time a young child spends playing with each toy and the quality of play with each toy?(这就提出了一个有趣的问题：玩具的数量是否会影响孩子玩每种玩具的时间和质量？)”以及第三段“To test the theory that an environment with fewer toys would lead to a higher quality of play, Dauch and his colleagues designed a clever laboratory study.(为了验证玩具较少的环境会导致更高质量的游戏这一理论，Dauch和他的同事设计了一个聪明的实验室研究)”可知，Dauch和他的同事进行研究是为了研究有多少玩具会影响游戏质量。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The researchers chose 36 kids aged from 18 to 30 months and their parents. The participants came from similar socioeconomic backgrounds and had typical development of personal-social, motor, and cognitive (认知的) skills.(研究人员选择了36名年龄在18到30个月之间的孩子和他们的父母。参与者来自相似的社会经济背景，具有典型的个人社交、运动和认知技能发展)”可知，研究人员选择了背景和发展相似的孩子来确保参与者是相似的。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“They found a significant difference in the quality of the kids’ play when there were four versus 16 toys. Kids in the four-toy condition engaged in a greater quality of play compared to the 16-toy condition. They found that having fewer toys can lead to better play, while a greater number of toys (16 compared to four) seemed to be a distraction (干扰), which caused the kids to abandon play with a toy to explore the others.(他们发现，当有4个玩具和16个玩具时，孩子们的游戏质量有显著差异。4个玩具组的孩子比16个玩具组的孩子玩得更开心。他们发现，玩具少可以让孩子们玩得更好，而玩具多（16比4）似乎会分散注意力，导致孩子们放弃玩一个玩具而去探索其他玩具)”可知，Dauch和他的同事从他们的研究中发现玩具少可以让孩子们玩得更好，也就是玩具越少，游戏质量越好。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据根据第二段“This raises an interesting question: Does the number of toys affect the amount of time a young child spends playing with each toy and the quality of play with each toy?(这就提出了一个有趣的问题：玩具的数量是否会影响孩子玩每种玩具的时间和质量？)”以及第三段“To test the theory that an environment with fewer toys would lead to a higher quality of play, Dauch and his colleagues designed a clever laboratory study.(为了验证玩具较少的环境会导致更高质量的游戏这一理论，Dauch和他的同事设计了一个聪明的实验室研究)”以及纵观全文可知，本文是一项关于玩具数量对儿童玩耍质量和时间影响的研究，所以应是来自一本儿童心理学的书。故选C项。 Passage 03 （24-25高二上·安徽合肥·期末）Walking in the local supermarket, you will be caught by the scent (气味) of mixed herbs (香草), mentally transporting you to a kitchen filled with the smell of your favorite home-cooked meal. In no time, your plans for dinner and your shopping list change. Previous research has found spreading a chocolate scent in a bookstore increased interest in romance books and cookbooks. And natural scents in a store encouraged spending on products with fewer man-made characteristics. Generally, different scents have been shown to influence shoppers’ choices of specific types of clothing. To understand the effect of herbs, our new research was broken into three parts: experiments in the lab, a field study and online surveys. In our sensory lab at Auckland University of Technology, we invited participants to experience the smell of mixed herbs while shopping in a supermarket. Shoppers bought more baskets of healthy goods when in an environment with the herbal smell compared to the non-herbal smell. In the field study, we spread a herbal scent in two stores and found shoppers experiencing the scent bought more healthy food items than those experiencing no scent. Our online surveys present a similar result-even when the scents are only imagined. According to the research, when participants are smelling a certain scent, they easily start activities related to the scent. The act of smelling or imagining a herbal scent encourages memories of cooking and eating home-cooked meals prepared from fresh ingredients (食材). We find the mental connection with home-cooking then drives customers to choose and buy related healthy foods rather than processed foods. Beyond general smells that come from the products, supermarkets often use man-made scents, such as spreading the grapefruit smell in the produce section, and the chocolate smell in the sweet foods section. Understanding the influence of certain smells isn’t just about increasing sales. Supermarkets play a key role in shaping food choices. Using scent marketing to direct customers towards wiser food choices is an under-explored opportunity to achieve better public health results. 1．What can we infer from previous research? A．Bookstore sales keep rising. B．Material influences the scent quality. C．Man-made products are gaining popularity. D．Scent marketing has been widely applied. 2．What does the new research show? A．Natural food markets attract more customers. B．Herbal scents add to the health value of food. C．Herbal scents encourage healthy food choices. D．Mixed smells cause trouble for decision-making. 3．What is the function of paragraph 4? A．Raising doubts. B．Explaining reasons. C．Suggesting solutions. D．Making comparisons. 4．What is a benefit of using man-made scents in supermarkets? A．Improving public health. B．Promoting food storage. C．Increasing sales of all products. D．Simplifying product arrangement. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，香草气味能促使顾客购买更多健康食品，人造气味也在超市中常被使用以提升销售。通过在超市中应用香味营销，商家不仅可以增加销量，还可以引导顾客做出更健康的食品选择，从而改善公共健康。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Previous research has found spreading a chocolate scent in a bookstore increased interest in romance books and cookbooks. And natural scents in a store encouraged spending on products with fewer man-made characteristics.(先前的研究发现，在书店散发巧克力气味会增加对浪漫书籍和烹饪书籍的兴趣。而商店中的自然气味则鼓励人们购买具有较少人造特征的产品)”可知，气味营销已经被广泛应用。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Shoppers bought more baskets of healthy goods when in an environment with the herbal smell compared to the non-herbal smell.(在有香草气味的环境中，购物者购买的健康商品比在没有香草气味的环境中更多)”以及第三段“In the field study, we spread a herbal scent in two stores and found shoppers experiencing the scent bought more healthy food items than those experiencing no scent.(在实地研究中，我们在两家商店散发香草气味，发现体验到这种气味的购物者购买的健康食品比没有体验到这种气味的购物者更多)”可知，香草气味鼓励健康食品的选择。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“According to the research, when participants are smelling a certain scent, they easily start activities related to the scent. The act of smelling or imagining a herbal scent encourages memories of cooking and eating home-cooked meals prepared from fresh ingredients (食材).(根据研究，当参与者闻到某种气味时，他们很容易开始与气味相关的活动。闻到或想象香草气味的行为会激发烹饪和食用新鲜食材准备的家常饭菜的记忆)”可知，第四段的功能是解释原因。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Beyond general smells that come from the products, supermarkets often use man-made scents, such as spreading the grapefruit smell in the produce section, and the chocolate smell in the sweet foods section.(除了来自产品的一般气味外，超市还经常使用人造气味，比如在农产品区散布葡萄柚味，在甜食区散布巧克力味)”以及“Using scent marketing to direct customers towards wiser food choices is an under-explored opportunity to achieve better public health results.(利用气味营销引导顾客做出更明智的食品选择是一个未被充分探索的机会，可以实现更好的公共健康结果)”可知，使用人造气味的好处是改善公共健康。故选A。 Passage 04 （24-25高二上·河南信阳·期末）There have been some issues with the promotion of artificial intelligence (AI) technology that we won’t address here. Today, we will tell you about everyone’s new favorite Grandma, a use for AI that almost no one will be complaining about. Grandma Daisy is being used to answer the phone and chat with scammers (诈骗者). The human-like Grandma Daisy is so realistic that a phone scammer can’t tell she is not real. This allows Grandma Daisy to occupy the scammers for large amounts of time. For the average person, this means that the longer she talks with them, the fewer calls these scammers will make to you! Daisy has one primary goal—to waste a phone scammer’s time. Virgin Media O2, a British telecom company, introduced her to the world last week. She has her own phone number, which is in databases the scammers frequently use. The AI Grandma has secondary goals: to frustrate and annoy a phone scammer by keeping them on the phone as long as possible. A benefit of Grandma Daisy’s programming is that she records conversations. This will help anti-scammer groups inform potential victims of scammers’ methods and tricks. She also collects and sends valuable information to law enforcement departments. Her “job title” is Head of Scammer Relations. They have programmed Grandma Daisy as a senior citizen because the elderly are favorite targets of phone scammers. While there are human operators who perform this function, Grandma Daisy can “operate” her phone 24 hours a day without breaks. She will happily chat away, without mentioning any related information, for as long as possible. She adds lovely tales about her cat, Fluffy, her fondness for knitting, and random small talk to distract the scammers. 1．What can we know about Grandma Daisy? A．It has a very robotic and artificial voice. B．It is more effective than human operators. C．Its age varies depending on the situation. D．Its goal is to let a phone scammer hang up. 2．Why is Grandma Daisy programmed as a senior citizen? A．Because seniors are the main targets of phone scammers. B．Because seniors are more experienced in communication. C．Because seniors have more patience with phone scammers. D．Because seniors have amounts of time to collect information. 3．What is likely to be the future of phone scamming with the existence of Grandma Daisy? A．The number of successful phone scams will decrease. B．Phone scamming will disappear completely soon after. C．Phone scams do little harm to our daily life and work. D．Scammers will develop new ways to avoid being identified. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Magic of AI in Communication B．The Rising Threat of Phone Scammers C．An Innovation of Telecom Companies D．An AI’s Battle Against Phone Scammers 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能（AI）技术的一种新应用——Grandma Daisy，它被设计用来接听电话并与诈骗者聊天，从而浪费诈骗者的时间并收集有价值的信息。 1．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“While there are human operators who perform this function, Grandma Daisy can “operate” her phone 24 hours a day without breaks.(虽然也有人工接线员执行这项任务，但Grandma Daisy可以一天 24 小时不间断地“操作”电话。)”可知，Grandma Daisy比人工接线员更具优势，也就意味着可能更有效。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“They have programmed Grandma Daisy as a senior citizen because the elderly are favorite targets of phone scammers.(他们把Grandma Daisy设定为一位老年人，因为老年人是电话诈骗分子最喜欢的目标。)”可知，将Grandma Daisy设定为老年人就是因为老年人是电话诈骗者最喜欢的目标。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The human-like Grandma Daisy is so realistic that a phone scammer can’t tell she is not real. This allows Grandma Daisy to occupy the scammers for large amounts of time. For the average person, this means that the longer she talks with them, the fewer calls these scammers will make to you!(宛如真人的Grandma Daisy极为逼真，电话诈骗分子根本察觉不出她并非真人。这使得Grandma Daisy能够大量占用诈骗分子的时间。对普通人来说，她与诈骗分子交谈的时间越长，这些诈骗分子打给你的电话就会越少！)”可知，Grandma Daisy可以占用诈骗者大量时间，使他们拨打给其他人的电话减少，还能记录对话帮助反诈骗组织等，所以成功的电话诈骗数量很可能会减少。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Today, we will tell you about everyone’s new favorite Grandma, a use for AI that almost no one will be complaining about. Grandma Daisy is being used to answer the phone and chat with scammers(诈骗者).(今天，我们要给大家讲讲人人都喜爱的新“奶奶”，这一人工智能应用几乎不会有人抱怨。Grandma Daisy正被用于接听电话，并与诈骗分子聊天。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了人工智能（AI）技术的一种新应用——Grandma Daisy，它被设计用来接听电话并与诈骗者聊天，从而浪费诈骗者的时间并收集有价值的信息。选项D“An AI’s Battle Against Phone Scammers”准确地指出了文章主要讲述的是人工智能与电话诈骗者之间的对抗，很好地概括了全文内容。故选D。 Passage 05 （24-25高二上·河南开封·期末）Ever find yourself yawing and reaching for the pillow after only a few chapters of your favorite book? Trust me, I’ve been there too; it appears that reading can indeed tire us out. There are several reasons for this. First of all, reading domains mental effort. Engaging in a cognitive (认知的) activity like roading requires focused mental efforts and intense concentration. As your brain processes unfamiliar words, builds images from the text’s descriptions, and keeps track of multiple characters or concepts, it uses physical energy just like any other part of your body would during physical work. This high level of mental struggle can eventually lead to tiredness over time. Eye strain is also an important factor. Strain occurs when our eyes endure long periods of use without breaks. For instance, following the twisting plot of a mystery novel without pausing can lead to this condition. Eye strain isn’t just about exhaustion though; it brings along symptoms like headaches, blurred vision, twitching eyelids, watery or dry eyes — things that certainly paint a rather awful picture for your otherwise relaxing leisure activity! So next time you wonder’ why does reading make me tired’, know that your exhausted eyes might be signaling for some well-deserved rest! Even more importantly, reading has a calming effect. As a passionate reader, you might’ve noticed the relaxing power of books. When you read a good story, reality fades and your minds find peace in the words on pages. The sensation isn’t by accident; reading has a calming effect that can make us tired. Seeing those shapes we recognize as letters and transforming them into meaningful dialogue or narrative requires mental energy. This effort engages your mind in an immensely focused task which might feel relaxing because it’s distracting from other stressors around us — but don’t be mistaken — it’s like running a spiritual marathon! It explains why reading before bed can improve sleep quality. So next time when tiredness surrounds you while halfway through your favorite characters’ tale, embrace its presence knowing it’s just part of the journey. 1．Why does reading make us tired in terms of mental aspect? A．Because reading makes our minds go blank. B．Because reading forces our brains to work slowly. C．Because our brains use energy to process information. D．Because reading makes our brains think about unrelated things. 2．What are the symptoms of eye strain according to the text? A．Aching throat and cough. B．Stomachache and sickness. C．Back pain and muscle ache. D．Headaches, poor sight, discomfort in eyes. 3．The expression “a spiritual marathon” in the last paragraph refers to ______ . A．a long tiring but rewarding mental journey B．a competition that tests one’s spiritual beliefs C．a simple and effortless way of killing the time D．a physical activity that requires great endurance 4．What is the author’s attitude towards reading making people tired? A．Critical. B．Understanding. C．Indifferent. D．Enthusiastic. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了阅读使人疲劳的几个原因。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Engaging in a cognitive (认知的) activity like roading requires focused mental efforts and intense concentration. As your brain processes unfamiliar words, builds images from the text’s descriptions, and keeps track of multiple characters or concepts, it uses physical energy just like any other part of your body would during physical work.(从事像开车这样的认知活动需要集中精神和高度集中注意力。当你的大脑处理不熟悉的单词，根据文本的描述构建图像，并跟踪多个字符或概念时，它就像你身体的任何其他部分在体力劳动时一样消耗体力)”可知，大脑在处理文字和故事元素时消耗能量导致疲劳，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Eye strain isn’t just about exhaustion though; it brings along symptoms like headaches, blurred vision, twitching eyelids, watery or dry eyes — things that certainly paint a rather awful picture for your otherwise relaxing leisure activity!(眼疲劳不仅仅是疲劳所致；它会带来头痛、视力模糊、眼皮抽动、眼睛湿润或干燥等症状——这些症状肯定会给你原本轻松的休闲活动画上一幅相当糟糕的画面！)”可知，眼睛疲劳的症状是头痛、视力差、眼睛不适。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“This effort engages your mind in an immensely focused task which might feel relaxing because it’s distracting from other stressors around us(这种努力使你的思想集中在一个高度集中的任务上，这可能会让你感到放松，因为它分散了我们周围其他压力源的注意力)”可知，将看到的字母形状转化为有意义的对话或叙述需要精神能量，这种努力让大脑专注于一项任务，虽有放松之感但也消耗精力，如同跑一场精神马拉松。这表明阅读就像马拉松一样，是一个漫长的过程，故划线部分意思是“长而劳累但有益的精神之旅”。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Ever find yourself yawing  and reaching for the pillow after only a few chapters of your favorite  book? Trust me, I’ve been there too; it appears that reading can indeed  tire us out. There are several reasons for this.(你有没有发现自己在看完最喜欢的书的几章后就打哈欠，想要上床睡觉？相信我，我也有过这样的经历；看来阅读确实会使我们疲惫。这有几个原因)”可推知，作者对阅读使人疲劳持理解的态度。故选B。 Passage 06 （24-25高二上·河南·期末）Elephants are splendid creatures and tourists often go to African countries to see them. Due to conservation efforts, the African elephant population in countries like Kenya is growing. In the country’s popular Tsavo National Park, the number of elephants went from around 6,000 to almost 15,000 in 2021. While this is great news for conservationists, it’s not seen that way by farmers who live in between two parts of the park. The human population has also expanded. This has led to conflicts that often result in elephant deaths. Now an innovative solution — using honeybees — has been found to keep the elephants away from farms. This solution is part of a long-running project from the Save the Elephants organization. The humming (嗡嗡声) of the African honeybees scares off elephants. Now yellow beehive fences (蜂巢围栏) protect some of the local farm lands, including one owned by Kenyan farmer Charity Mwangome. “We used to hate elephants a lot,” she said. But she believed that the beehive fences could rescue her from continuous crop loss. A nine-year study published in the October issue of the journal Conservation Science and Practice found that beehive fences scared away elephants 86.3 percent of the time. The study monitored 26 farms that were protected by the beehive fences in two villages near the park. During the peak growing seasons, 3,027 elephants approached the fences and most were stopped. During the drought of 2017, which reduced the number of bees in the hives by 75 percent, elephants were still scared off 76 percent of the time. Save the Elephants is now building beehive fences in 15 countries in Africa and Asia. But besides stopping elephants, the beehive fences can provide other benefits to communities. Bees provide pollination (授粉) services which can increase crop production and honey from the hives that farmers can sell to add to their income. Mwanajuma Kibula, who has a farm in Kenya that is protected by beehives, harvests honey twice a year from her hives. She makes 450 shillings per jar. This is enough for her to pay for her children’s education. 1．What do the data in paragraph 1 indicate? A．The success of elephant protection. B．The large number of beehive fences. C．The growth of the Indian population. D．The survival crisis facing elephants. 2．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．Elephants have destroyed crops. B．Elephants are likely to hurt farmers. C．Charity Mwangome likes elephants. D．Beehive fences should be torn down. 3．Why is Mwanajuma Kibula mentioned? A．To stress the importance of elephants. B．To show an additional benefit of beehives. C．To praise farmers in African countries. D．To recommend new farming methods. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Long History of Elephants in Africa B．Bees Are Essential to People and the Planet C．An Organization Aiming to Secure Elephants D．Bees Help Keep Elephants Away From Kenyan Farms 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在肯尼亚，由于大象数量增多与人类产生冲突，而利用蜂巢围栏可以吓走大象保护农田，同时蜂巢还有其他益处。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Due to conservation efforts, the African elephant population in countries like Kenya is growing. In the country’s popular Tsavo National Park, the number of elephants went from around 6,000, to almost 15,000, in 2021.(由于保护工作的开展，肯尼亚等国家的非洲象数量正在增加。在该国著名的察沃国家公园，2021年大象的数量从约6,000头增加到了近15,000头)”可知，这些数据表明了大象保护工作取得了成功。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Now yellow beehive fences (蜂巢围栏) protect some of the local farm lands, including one owned by Kenyan farmer Charity Mwangome. ‘We used to hate elephants a lot,’ she said. But she believed that the beehive fences could rescue her from continuous crop loss.(现在，黄色的蜂巢栅栏保护着当地的一些农田，其中包括肯尼亚农民姆旺戈姆拥有的一块土地。‘我们过去非常讨厌大象，’她说。但她相信蜂巢围栏可以让她摆脱持续的作物损失)”可推知，大象曾毁坏了庄稼。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Bees provide pollination (授粉) services which can increase crop production and honey from the hives that farmers can sell to add to their income. Mwanajuma Kibula, who has a farm in Kenya that is protected by beehives, harvests honey twice a year from her hives. She makes 45 0 shillings per jar. This is enough for her to pay for her children’s education.(蜜蜂提供授粉服务，可以提高作物产量，蜂箱里的蜂蜜农民可以出售以增加收入。肯尼亚有一个农场受到蜂箱保护的姆瓦纳朱马·基布拉每年从她的蜂箱里收获两次蜂蜜。她每罐蜂蜜能卖450先令。这足够她支付孩子的教育费用了)”可推知，提到姆瓦纳朱马·基布拉是为了证明蜂巢的另一个好处。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Now an innovative solution — using honeybees — has been found to keep the elephants away from farms.(现在，一种创新的解决方案——利用蜜蜂——已经被发现可以让大象远离农场)”以及后文对蜂巢围栏既能吓走大象保护农田，又能带来其他益处的描述可知，文章主要围绕蜜蜂帮助让大象远离肯尼亚农场展开。所以D项“Bees Help Keep Elephants Away From Kenyan Farms(蜜蜂帮助大象远离肯尼亚农场)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选D项。 Passage 07 （23-24高二下·广东·期末）An artificial cognitive system possesses the capability to translate linguistic expressions and syntactical structures from cerebral functional patterns with an impressive degree of precision. By utilizing a brief temporal window of cerebral functional data, the AI can deduce the auditory content that an individual has perceived. The system is capable of positioning the accurate response within its topmost 10 potential outcomes, as determined in a foundational research endeavor. This AI has been engineered at Meta, the corporate entity that encompasses Facebook, and it holds the potential to ultimately assist a vast number of individuals globally who are incapacitated from engaging in verbal communication, textual input, or gestural conveyance. The majority of current technological solutions designed to facilitate communication for such individuals necessitate invasive neurosurgical procedures to implant electrodes. However, this innovative methodology “could offer a viable alternative to assist patients grappling with communicative impediments, circumventing the necessity for surgical interventions,” remarks neuroscientist Jean-Rémi King, a researcher within the Meta AI division. King and his fellow researchers have conditioned a computational apparatus, also referred to as a linguistic model, to identify words and sentences across 56,000 hours of vocalized records from a spectrum of 53 languages. The research collective then applied an AI equipped with this linguistic model to data repositories from four distinct institutions that encompassed cerebral functional data from 169 consenting volunteers. Within these repositories, participants were exposed to an array of narratives and sentences, while their cerebral activity was monitored via magnetoencephalography (MEG). Subsequently, employing a computational technique that accounts for the anatomical variances among individual brains, the team endeavored to decipher the auditory content that the participants had apprehended, utilizing merely three seconds of cerebral functional data from each individual. The team directed the AI to correlate the phonetic elements from the narrative recordings with the cerebral functional patterns that the AI had deduced to be indicative of the auditory stimuli that the subjects were receiving. It then prognosticated the auditory content that the individual might have been exposed to during that brief interval, considering over 1,000 potential options. Utilizing MEG, the correct response was consistently included within the AI’s top 10 conjectures, as ascertained by the researchers. “The current research is focused on the decoding of auditory speech recognition, not its generation,” King concurs, “Although the generation of speech is the ultimate aspiration, at present, we are still considerably distant from achieving this objective.” 1．What is the main advantage of the new technology? A．Avoiding dangerous operations on patients. B．Helping patients with communication problems. C．Providing a path to communicate with others. D．Freeing patients from risky brain operations. 2．Whom might be the AI be beneficial to? A．People unable to communicate normally. B．People who canˈt move around. C．People who are unconscious. D．People unable to eat. 3．What does Jean-Rémi King think of the new study? A．Disappointing. B．Surprising. C．Promising. D．Exciting. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．A New Study on Artificial Intelligence B．The Application of MEG Technology C．A New Way to Decode Speech D．A Solution to Communication Problems 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新型的人工智能认知系统，该系统能够从大脑功能模式中以惊人的精确度翻译语言表达和句法结构。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中的句子“However, this innovative methodology ‘could offer a viable alternative to assist patients grappling with communicative impediments, circumventing the necessity for surgical interventions,’ remarks neuroscientist Jean-Rémi King, a researcher within the Meta AI division.”(然而，Meta AI部门的研究员、神经科学家Jean-Rémi King表示，这种创新的方法“可以提供一种可行的替代方案，帮助患者克服沟通障碍，避免手术干预的必要性”。)可知，这项新技术的主要优点是避免了高风险的大脑手术。故选D项。 2．细节理解根题。据第二段中的句子 “The AI has been engineered at Meta, the corporate entity that encompasses Facebook, and it holds the potential to ultimately assist a vast number of individuals globally who are incapacitated from engaging in verbal communication, textual input, or gestural conveyance.”(人工智能是由Meta设计的，Meta是一家包括脸书在内的公司实体，它有可能最终帮助全球大量无法进行言语交流、文本输入或手势传达的人)可知，这种AI可能对无法进行口头交流、文本输入或手势表达的人有益。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中的句子“However, this innovative methodology ‘could offer a viable alternative to assist patients grappling with communicative impediments, circumventing the necessity for surgical interventions,’ remarks neuroscientist Jean-Rémi King, a researcher within the Meta AI division.”(然而，Meta AI部门的研究员、神经科学家Jean-Rémi King表示，这种创新的方法“可以提供一种可行的替代方案，帮助患者克服沟通障碍，避免手术干预的必要性”。)可知，Jean-Rémi King对新研究的看法是充满希望的。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“An artificial cognitive system possesses the capability to translate linguistic expressions and syntactical structures from cerebral functional patterns with an impressive degree of precision. By utilizing a brief temporal window of cerebral functional data, the AI can deduce the auditory content that an individual has perceived. The system is capable of positioning the accurate response within its topmost 10 potential outcomes, as determined in a foundational research endeavor.”（人工认知系统具有从大脑功能模式中翻译语言表达和句法结构的能力，其精确度令人印象深刻。通过利用大脑功能数据的短暂时间窗口，人工智能可以推断出个人感知到的听觉内容。该系统能够在基础研究中确定的最重要的10个潜在结果中定位准确的反应。）可知，短文介绍了一种新型的人工智能认知系统，该系统能够从大脑功能模式中以惊人的精确度翻译语言表达和句法结构。所以短文的最佳标题为“人工智能的新研究”切题。故选A项。 Passage 08 （23-24高二下·河南安阳·期末）Space travel is certainly not for someone who is not fearless, for many reasons including its effects on physical health. It can potentially disturb human immune systems (免疫系统) and increase red blood cell death. Astronaut s can even suffer from bone loss during missions. A recent study finds astronauts with no prior history of headaches may experience migraine (偏头疼) and tension-type headaches during long space flight — over 10 days in space. The study looked at 24 astronauts from NASA, the European Space Agency, and a Japanese agency. The astronauts all completed health screenings and a questionnaire about individual headache history before their space flight. Nine of them reported never having any headaches prior to the study, with three reporting a headache that disturbed their daily activities within the last year. None of the astronauts had a history of recurrent headaches or had a migraine report. During space flight, they filled out a daily questionnaire for the first seven days and a weekly questionnaire each following week throughout their stay in the International Space Station. The study found that 92 percent of the astronauts surveyed experienced headaches during space flight, compared to just 38 percent who reported experiencing headaches in the two to six months before going into space. Twenty-two of the 24 astronauts studied also experienced one or more headache times during their first week in space. About 89 percent of these headaches were tension headaches and 10 percent were likely a migraine. Headaches were also of a higher intensity and more likely to be like a migraine during the first week of their space flight. According to W. P. J. van Oosterhout, study co-author, the changes to the brain’s balance and posture system, combined with adjusting to zero gravity during the first week of their space flight, can lead to space motion sickness in the first week, of which headache is the most frequently reported symptom. One of the study’s limitations is that it relied on self-reporting of symptoms, so the memory recall may not have been completely accurate. “Further research is needed to explain the underlying causes of space headache and explore how such discoveries may provide insights into headaches occurring on Earth,” said van Oosterhout. 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The danger of space travel. B．The process of the new study. C．The standard of choosing the astronauts. D．Astronauts’ full preparation for space travel. 2．How does the author mainly develop paragraph 3? A．By analyzing reasons. B．By making comparisons. C．By giving examples. D．By listing figures. 3．What does the new study find about the headache? A．It will result in space motion sickness. B．It will become more serious with the flight on. C．It is an experience for most astronauts in the early space flight. D．It helps astronauts keep a balance between the brain and the body. 4．What does van Oosterhout think of the new finding? A．It has small sample size. B．It needs to be improved further. C．It is correct and true in every detail. D．It will solve the space headache problem to some degree. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章基于一项对宇航员头痛情况的研究，详细介绍了研究方法、数据收集过程以及研究发现，探讨了太空飞行中头痛现象的普遍性、类型、可能的原因，以及与地球上头痛现象的关联。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The study looked at 24 astronauts from NASA, the European Space Agency, and a Japanese agency. The astronauts all completed health screenings and a questionnaire about individual headache history before their space flight. Nine of them reported never having any headaches prior to the study, with three reporting a headache that disturbed their daily activities within the last year. None of the astronauts had a history of recurrent headaches or had a migraine report. During space flight, they filled out a daily questionnaire for the first seven days and a weekly questionnaire each following week throughout their stay in the International Space Station. (这项研究调查了来自美国宇航局、欧洲航天局和一家日本机构的24名宇航员。宇航员在太空飞行前都完成了健康检查和关于个人头痛史的问卷调查。其中9人报告说，在研究之前从未有过头痛，3人报告说，在过去的一年中，头痛影响了他们的日常活动。这些宇航员都没有复发性头痛的病史，也没有偏头痛的报告。在太空飞行期间，他们在前七天填写了一份每日调查问卷，在国际空间站逗留期间，每个星期填写一份每周调查问卷。)”可知，本段主要介绍这项研究的过程。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“The study found that 92 percent of the astronauts surveyed experienced headaches during space flight, compared to just 38 percent who reported experiencing headaches in the two to six months before going into space. Twenty-two of the 24 astronauts studied also experienced one or more headache times during their first week in space. About 89 percent of these headaches were tension headaches and 10 percent were likely a migraine. Headaches were also of a higher intensity and more likely to be like a migraine during the first week of their space flight. (研究发现，接受调查的宇航员中有92%在太空飞行中经历过头痛，相比之下，只有38%的人在进入太空前的两到六个月里经历过头痛。在接受研究的24名宇航员中，有22人在太空的第一周也经历了一次或多次头痛。这些头痛中约有89%是紧张性头痛，10%可能是偏头痛。在太空飞行的第一周，头痛的强度也更高，更有可能像偏头痛一样。)”可知，在第三段中，作者主要使用列举数字的方法介绍研究结果。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“The study found that 92 percent of the astronauts surveyed experienced headaches during space flight, compared to just 38 percent who reported experiencing headaches in the two to six months before going into space. Twenty-two of the 24 astronauts studied also experienced one or more headache times during their first week in space. About 89 percent of these headaches were tension headaches and 10 percent were likely a migraine. Headaches were also of a higher intensity and more likely to be like a migraine during the first week of their space flight. (研究发现，接受调查的宇航员中有92%在太空飞行中经历过头痛，相比之下，只有38%的人在进入太空前的两到六个月里经历过头痛。在接受研究的24名宇航员中，有22人在太空的第一周也经历了一次或多次头痛。这些头痛中约有89%是紧张性头痛，10%可能是偏头痛。在太空飞行的第一周，头痛的强度也更高，更有可能像偏头痛一样。)”可知，大部分的宇航员在飞行初期都经历了头痛。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的““Further research is needed to explain the underlying causes of space headache and explore how such discoveries may provide insights into headaches occurring on Earth,” said van Oosterhout. (“需要进一步的研究来解释太空头痛的潜在原因，并探索这些发现如何为地球上发生的头痛提供见解，”范奥斯特豪特说。)”可知，范奥斯特豪特认为此研究需要进一步改进。故选B。 Passage 09 （23-24高二下·河南安阳·期末）Last January, I finally got around to reading The Last Bear by Hannah Gold. Luckily, I loved it as much as I hoped that I would. So, when the follow-up Finding Bear came out, I knew I had to get it. I pre-ordered it but waited until the beginning of this year to read it. It felt good to be starting the year with April and Bear again. The story in the book takes place about a year after April and her dad left Bear Island. She is finding it difficult to adjust to life back home and is struggling to get on well with her classmates. It doesn't avail her though her father has a good relationship with her headteacher. So, April is already struggling with her emotions before she hears that a polar bear has been shot near Longyearbyen. Convinced that it is her friend Bear, April asks her dad to fly over and look for him. When she gets there, she finds her friend but realizes that he has been through a lot in their time apart. Can April help her friend get his baby to safety without risking her own life? Especially as she has to get assistance from a woman who is ready to shoot any polar bear she sees. Can April persuade the woman into helping them? April is a conscientious and determined girl. She sees what humanity has done to the natural world and will do anything she can to help. She's an inspirational hero and manages to bring environmental issues to the forefront in an understandable way. Not only do we see April's passion but we see how the world is changing. Hannah Gold expertly combines realism with fantasy to write an emotional and important story. 1．What problem does April have with her life away from the Bear Island? A．She misses her homeland very much. B．Her headteacher is not satisfied with her. C．Her relationship with her father becomes worse. D．She finds it difficult to fit in with her classmates. 2．What does the underlined word "avail" in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Help. B．Confuse. C．Interest. D．Embarrass. 3．What can we learn about Finding Bear? A．It has a follow-up The Last Bear. B．It is intended for middle school students. C．Its writer is good at writing science fiction. D．It draws people's attention to environmental problems. 4．What is the text probably? A．A book review. B．A travel journal. C．A children's story. D．A historical novel. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，作者介绍了《Finding Bear》这本书的主要内容，并对其进行了评价。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“She is finding it difficult to adjust to life back home and is struggling to get on well with her classmates. (她发现很难适应回家后的生活，也很难与同学们相处。)”可知，April离开Bear Island后，她发现很难适应回家后的生活，也很难与同学们相处。故选D项。 2．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“It doesn't ... her though her father has a good relationship with her headteacher. (尽管她的父亲与她的班主任关系很好，但这并没有……她。)”可知，尽管她的父亲与她的班主任关系很好，但这并没有帮助她。因此，“avail”在这里的意思是“帮助”。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“She's an inspirational hero and manages to bring environmental issues to the forefront in an understandable way. (她是一位鼓舞人心的英雄，以一种易于理解的方式将环境问题带到前台。)”可知，《Finding Bear》这本书引起了人们对环境问题的关注。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Last January, I finally got around to reading The Last Bear by Hannah Gold. Luckily, I loved it as much as I hoped that I would. So, when the follow-up Finding Bear came out, I knew I had to get it. I pre-ordered it but waited until the beginning of this year to read it. It felt good to be starting the year with April and Bear again. (去年一月，我终于抽出时间读了Hannah Gold的《The Last Bear》。幸运的是，我喜欢它，就像我希望的那样。所以，当续集《Finding Bear》出版时，我知道我必须得到它。我预定了它，但等到今年初才读。再次与April和Bear一起开始新的一年感觉很好。)”可知，这篇文章是一篇书评。故选A项。 Passage 10 （23-24高二下·河南漯河·期末）Consider a situation where you’re playing a card game with a child. She is about to pick the losing card in your hand. You think about how excited she’d be if she won, so you tell her that she might want to select another card. She does, and she wins. You’re both happy. But was letting her win a wise move? Psychologists and parenting experts have long said kids need to lose once in a while. They claim that losing at games or sports helps children build coping skills, and learn what the real world is like. In a recent study, researchers conducted an experiment where 4- and 5-year-olds played a game with hidden objects and clues from two adults. One gave accurate clues, the other false. Then, the researchers set up the game so that half of the kids always found the hidden object, no matter what the adults said. The remaining children played a game left to chance, where they were more likely to find the hidden object if they listened carefully and figured out which adult gave useful clues. Later, the researchers asked the kids who they would choose to help them find more hidden things. Unsurprisingly, kids who had to figure out the clues preferred the adult who gave correct hints. But the kids who always found the object didn’t care which adult helped them. This suggests if kids always win, they might not learn to notice important information. This relates to “trophy culture” where kids get rewards just for taking part. While it might seem nice, it can backfire. Children might start to think they deserve rewards just for showing up. “Good self-esteem comes from mastery. If we don’t let children fail, they’ll miss the chance to own their success,” says therapist Nicki Nance. However, some experts argue that boosting confidence through participation isn’t bad, as long as kids learn the difference between real achievement and just taking part. Also, too much praise can make kids less resilient (有韧性的, 适应性强的). Praise should be saved for when kids do something really impressive. 1．Why should kids experience losing sometimes, according to experts? A．To ensure adults win. B．To make games interesting. C．To control children’s confidence. D．To develop difficulty-addressing ability. 2．What did researchers find about children who always found the hidden object? A．They trusted any clues given. B．They always chose the same adult. C．They often ignored who helped them. D．They preferred the adult with correct clues. 3．What does Nicki Nance believe is important for building confidence in children? A．Giving frequent praise. B．Experiencing failure. C．Rewarding participation. D．Always letting them win. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Learning through Losing B．Teaching Kids to Be Strong C．Risks of Constant Wins D．Benefits of Participation 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了让孩子在游戏中总是获胜可能带来的负面影响，并强调孩子需要经历失败来培养应对技能、注意重要信息和建立真正的自我价值感。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Psychologists and parenting experts have long said kids need to lose once in a while. They claim that losing at games or sports helps children build coping skills, and learn what the real world is like.(心理学家和育儿专家长期以来一直认为孩子们需要偶尔输掉比赛。他们声称，在游戏或运动中输掉比赛有助于孩子们培养应对能力，并了解现实世界的本质。)”可知，让孩子们体验失败是为了发展他们解决困难的能力，即应对挫折和失败的能力。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But the kids who always found the object didn’t care which adult helped them.(但是总是能找到隐藏物品的孩子不在乎是哪个成年人帮了他们。)”可知，研究人员发现那些总能找到隐藏物品的孩子经常忽略帮助他们的人。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第六段““Good self-esteem comes from mastery. If we don’t let children fail, they’ll miss the chance to own their success,” says therapist Nicki Nance.(治疗师尼基·南斯表示:“良好的自尊来自于精通。如果我们不让孩子失败，他们就会错过拥有自己成功的机会。”)”可知，Nicki Nance认为经历失败对建立孩子的信心很重要。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“But was letting her win a wise move?(但让她赢是明智之举吗？)”和第二段“Psychologists and parenting experts have long said kids need to lose once in a while.(心理学家和育儿专家早就说过，孩子需要偶尔输一次。)”可知，文章主要讲述了让孩子在游戏中总是获胜可能带来的负面影响，并强调孩子需要经历失败来培养应对技能、注意重要信息和建立真正的自我价值感。由此可知，A项：Learning through Losing（从失败中学习）是最好的标题。故选A。 Passage 11 （23-24高二下·河南漯河·期末）The NeuroSkin, an artificial intelligence (AI) powered suit designed to aid in walking, has been tested by two individuals recovering from strokes. This marks the first use of such technology in the UK, specifically at the Morrello Clinic in Newport, Wales. The first testers, who could move a bit and walk with a stick, were part of a small test before a bigger one planned for later this year. The main goal of the NeuroSkin suit is to help people regain strength and motor function to speedup recovery. The suit, controlled by artificial intelligence, sends a series of small electrical shocks to the wearer’s legs which stimulate weak muscles to boost activity and increase strength and coordination. With a main computer worn in a vest, it comes with a variety of sizes for men’s and women’s trousers, as well as slippers. According to Jakko Brouwers, the clinical director at Morrell o, the suit immediately improved the walking ability of stroke survivors when activated. Julie Lloyd, 65, could climb stairs for the first time since her brain injury after using the device. An ex-firefighter also saw improvements. There are plans for more trials in October, as more data is needed. They hope to add five more people to the trial by the end of the year. The suit is not designed to be a permanent solution for people with movement issues but as a tool to help with recovery. “The suit shows them how they need to walk, and then they have to do the walk themselves. It is not going to control their lives, but to help them learn a proper walking pat tem.” Mr Brouwers said. It is particularly beneficial for individuals who have had a stroke. Later this year, the team hopes to try the suit on a person with a spinal cord (脊柱) injury to see how well it works for various problems. 1．What is the primary function of the NeuroSkin suit? A．To replace physical treatment. B．To enhance physical appearance. C．To fix movement problems permanently. D．To help faster recovery by improving strength. 2．How does the NeuroSkin suit work? A．It stimulates muscles with slight shocks. B．It aids in walking with physical support. C．It promotes muscle growth through a shot. D．It uses electric shocks to improve mental health. 3．What will the follow-up test probably focus on regarding the suit? A．Its wider application. B．Its durability. C．Its recovery impact. D．Its comfort and convenience. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A medical curriculum. B．A lifestyle magazine. C．A sports report. D．A technology news website. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了NeuroSkin套装，这是一种由人工智能控制的、旨在帮助人们恢复力量和运动功能的套装。文章详细描述了它的工作原理、测试结果以及未来的应用前景。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The main goal of the NeuroSkin suit is to help people regain strength and motor function to speedup recovery.( NeuroSkin套装的主要目标是帮助人们恢复力量和运动功能，以加快恢复速度。)”可知，NeuroSkin套装的主要功能是通过提高力量来帮助更快的恢复。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The suit, controlled by artificial intelligence, sends a series of small electrical shocks to the wearer’s legs which stimulate weak muscles to boost activity and increase strength and coordination.(这款由人工智能控制的套装会向穿戴者的腿部发送一系列微小的电击，这些电击会刺激虚弱的肌肉，从而促进活动并增强力量和协调性。)”可知，NeuroSkin套装通过发送轻微电击来刺激肌肉，从而增强活动和增强力量和协调性。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Later this year, the team hopes to try the suit on a person with a spinal cord (脊柱) injury to see how well it works for various problems.(今年晚些时候，研究团队希望将这种套装试用在一位脊髓损伤患者身上，以观察它对各种问题的效果。)”可知，后续测试可能会关注该套装的更广泛应用。故选A。 4．推理判断题。文章介绍了NeuroSkin套装，这是一种由人工智能控制的、旨在帮助人们恢复力量和运动功能的套装。文章详细描述了它的工作原理、测试结果以及未来的应用前景。这些内容都与科技新闻相关，因此文章最有可能来源于科技新闻网站。故选D。 Passage 12 （23-24高二下·河南南阳·期末）Stuffed animals have often been seen as one of the strange conventions of childhood — an childish love we should eventually let go of, along with imaginary friends and Capri-Suns. If that love lasts past adolescence, it can be seen as embarrassing. Yet that isn’t really such an unusual thing to do: Surveys have found that four in ten American adults sleep with stuffed animals. And it seems that over the past few years especially, plushies (绒毛公仔) and toys have become more popular with adults. This isn’t necessarily a matter of childhood keepsakes tagging along into adulthood for sentimental reasons — adults are buying plushies for themselves, simply because they like them. The “kidult” market, which is defined as anyone over age 12, is said to account for about $9 billion in toy sales every year. Gen Z is leading the way in embracing stuffed animals. “It went from being an embarrassment… to today, when Gen Z and Millennials proudly play,” the toy-industry consultant Richard Gottlieb told NPR. Of course, plenty of people still find it odd or childish for adults to collect stuffed animals. When the TikTok influencer Charli D’Amelio posted a photo of herself lounging with a small army of colorful Squishmallows, some commenters were quick to deride her collection. D’Amelio responded with frustration: “Everyone expects me to be this adult all the time,” she wrote (she was l6 at the time), “I’m still growing up.” I, for one, am not immune to the adult stuffed-animal revival. As a child, I wasn’t super interested in plushies; I saw them as useless, candyless piñatas (采罐). But in my early 20s, many of my friends started buying and gifting stuffed animals. One friend consulted me on whether the name Belly or Lulu would better suit a stuffed dragon. On my 21st birthday, someone gave me my own stuffed Jellycat. I placed it on my bed with no shame, knowing that many of my peers were doing the same. 1．Why is one’s love for stuffed animals considered awkward? A．Because it is unusual. B．Because it is immature. C．Because it is imaginary. D．Because it is conventional. 2．Why do people buy plushies? A．Because of their reasonable prices. B．Because of their personal preference. C．Because of their sentimental feelings. D．Because of the popularity of plushies. 3．Which phrase can best explain the underlined word “deride” in paragraph 3? A．Make fun of. B．Lose control of. C．Speak highly of. D．Take advantage of. 4．What’s the author’s present attitude towards stuffed animals? A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Approving. D．Dismissive. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文探讨了成年人对毛绒玩具（Stuffed Animals）的喜爱以及这一行为在社会中的接受度。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Stuffed animals have often been seen as one of the strange conventions of childhood — an childish love we should eventually let go of, along with imaginary friends and Capri-Suns. If that love lasts past adolescence, it can be seen as embarrassing.(毛绒玩具经常被视为童年的奇怪习俗之一——一种我们最终应该放弃的孩子气的爱，就像想象中的朋友和Capri-Suns一样。如果这种爱持续到青春期之后，就会让人感到尴尬。)”可知，毛绒玩具经常被看作是一种幼稚的爱好，如果在成年之后还喜欢毛绒玩具，会让人感到尴尬，因为人们认为这是不成熟的。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“adults are buying plushies for themselves, simply because they like them.(成年人给自己买毛绒玩具，仅仅是因为他们喜欢)”可知，之所以成年人喜欢给自己买毛绒玩具，是因为他们的喜欢，即个人的喜欢。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Of course, plenty of people still find it odd or childish for adults to collect stuffed animals.(当然，很多人仍然觉得成年人收集毛绒玩具很奇怪或幼稚。)”以及“When the TikTok influencer Charli D’Amelio posted a photo of herself lounging with a small army of colorful Squishmallows(当抖音网红Charli D ’Amelio发布了一张她和一小群彩色Squishmallow毛绒玩具一起闲逛的照片时)”可知，很多人觉得成年人收集毛绒玩具是很奇怪或者幼稚的，因此抖音网红Charli D ’Amelio上传自己和一群彩色Squishmallow毛绒玩具一起闲逛的照片时，人们会觉得这很奇怪和幼稚，因此对其进行嘲笑。故划线词与A选项“Make fun of.(取笑)”为同义词。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I, for one, am not immune to the adult stuffed-animal revival. (就我个人而言，我对成人毛绒玩具的复兴并非免疫。)”以及“On my 21st birthday, someone gave me my own stuffed Jellycat. I placed it on my bed with no shame, knowing that many of my peers were doing the same.(在我21岁生日那天，有人送了我毛绒Jellycat玩具。我毫不羞愧地把它放在床上，因为我知道我的许多同龄人也在这么做。)”可知，作者把毛绒玩具放在床头没有感到任何羞愧，因为他知道很多人都会这么做，因此作者对毛绒玩具的态度是支持的。故选C。 Passage 13 （23-24高二下·河南开封·期末）This nature-inspired “wind tree” can produce green energy in city environments. From community solar farms to co-owned wind turbines (风力发电机), inventors are coming up with new ways to bring green power into our homes. Now, micro wind turbines designed to look like trees are addressing some of the challenges of green energy. The “trees” have branches tipped with leaf-shaped micro wind turbines. “People can sit under the ‘tree’ to keep cool. Its colour can also be changed,” says Luc Eric Krief, owner of New World Wind, the French company behind the technology. But the turbines’ looks aren’t their only attractiveness. At between five and 10 metres tall, the “trees” are easy to set up — even in city environments — without major engineering work. Once a turbine is in place, a single bracket and three bolts (一个支架和三个螺栓) are all that’s needed to complete the setup. Their size also solves some of the other problems faced by big turbines, such as bird crashes. Plus, they run in silence. “Rather than being connected to the national grid (国家输电网), the turbines provide energy directly to a building’s existing electrical system. While it’s unlikely that wind conditions would remain high around the clock, in typical conditions of 8 m/s, one wind tree could produce almost 18,000 kwh per year, enough to power a four-person household. This could reduce a home’s CO2 emissions by over 12 tonnes a year,” says Krief. So far, the company has set up 130 wind trees around the world, from Europe to the US to South Korea. Most of the company’s customers are commercial. They have also set up three wind trees residentially in Birmingham, UK; Vermont, USA; and Switzerland. As New World Wind grows, with plans to enter the Americas, wind trees could become a more familiar sight on streets and in gardens around the world. 1．What is true about the wind tree? A．It can produce electricity. B．It can protect the farm from the wind. C．It can be planted at home to create fresh air. D．It can control the strength of the wind in the city. 2．What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about the wind tree? A．Its appearance. B．Its advantages. C．Its safety. D．Its costs. 3．What can we learn about the wind tree from the words of Krief? A．It is designed for household use. B．It is supported by the national grid. C．It can make some contributions to environmental protection. D．It can help change the way people think about green energy. 4．What can we expect of the wind tree in the future? A．It will face more and more competition. B．It will be seen in more and more places. C．It will be offered mainly to residential customers. D．It will have some necessary technological improvements. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款外形像树的风力发电装置，介绍了它的外形、安装方式、使用和市场前景。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“This nature-inspired ‘wind tree’ can produce green energy in city environments. (这棵受大自然启发的“风树”可以在城市环境中产生绿色能源。)”可知，“风树”可以产生绿色能源。故选A。 2．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“At between five and 10 metres tall, the “trees” are easy to set up—even in city environments—without major engineering work (这些“树”的高度在5米到10米之间，即使在城市环境中，也很容易安装，不需要进行重大的工程建设)”以及“Their size also solves some of the other problems faced by big turbines, such as bird crashes. Plus, they run in silence. (它们的尺寸也解决了大型涡轮机面临的一些其他问题，比如鸟撞。另外，他们在安静中运行。)”讲述了，它容易安装，能够防止鸟撞，运行时安静，可知本段主要说明的是其优点。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“This could reduce a home’s CO2 emissions by over 12 tonnes a year, says Krief. (这可以减少一个家庭每年超过12吨的二氧化碳排放量，”克里夫说。)”“风树”能够减少二氧化碳的排放，可知，对环境保护作出了贡献。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“As New World Wind grows, with plans to enter the Americas, wind trees could become a more familiar sight on streets and in gardens around the world. (随着新世界风的发展，并计划进入美洲，风树可能会成为世界各地街道和花园中更熟悉的景象。)”可知，可以在越来越多的地方看到风树。故选B。 Passage 14 （23-24高二下·河南开封·期末）Around seven out of every ten Americans who work in offices do their work in an open environment, defined as at desks without meaningful partitions (隔板), according to an International Facility Management Association survey. That is, if they even have a desk- workers may be assigned only a few feet of a communal (共用的) table. The open-plan office space trend, popularized by creative agencies and technology start-ups, went mainstream because of the belief that open-space environments support innovation. More nearness between employees, the thinking went, would create more interaction and teamwork, promote social interaction and urge productivity. But in fact, purely open-plan offices have been shown to have the opposite effects, creating so much distraction (分心) that employees stayed away from each other. A study funded by Harvard Business Sehaol, the results of which were published last year, tracked what happened when a British company moved its employees from traditional office space, with offices with walls, to an open office. Face-to-face interaction became less — employees spent 72 percent less time interacting with their colleagues. Instead of talking more with each other, the employees put on headphones and began communicating by text and email. As digital communication channels surged, productivity declined. Neuroscience also holds some clues as to why the tight quarters in communal work spaces- where workers are only given about half the space they were given a decade ago- are so hard to work in. “The human voice sets off the most powerful emotional response in our auditory (听觉的) experience. Voice above 55 decibels (分贝) — roughly the sound of a loud phone call- causes measurable stress, ” according to a Wall Street Journal article,  “The Neuroscience-Optimized Office”. “Even more troublesome are overheard ‘halfversations’, in which the listener only knows about one side of a dialogue; our brains automatically imagine the other, ” wrote authors John Medina and Ryan Mullenix. But the solution, say experts including Newport, isn’t to go back to putting everyone into offices with walls. 1．What can we learn about the open office trend according to paragraph 1? A．It allows 10 people at most to work together. B．It is believed to stimulate workers’ creativity. C．It is only popular with new technology companies. D．It is aimed at promoting workers’ social interaction. 2．What does the underlined word “surged” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Suspended timely. B．Became useless. C．Cost less. D．Increased quickly. 3．What makes an open office hard to work in? A．Hearing endless noisy phone calls. B．Showing real emotions publicly. C．Facing communication barriers at work. D．Hearing part of a dialogue between colleagues. 4．What will probably be discussed in the following paragraph? A．What are benefits of the open offices with walls. B．Why the open office makes workers distracted. C．How to deal with the disadvantages of the open office. D．How to draw workers’ attention to their colleagues nearby. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了开放式办公室的流行趋势及其对员工工作效率和互动的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The open-plan office space trend, popularized by creative agencies and technology start-ups, went mainstream because of the belief that open-space environments support innovation. (开放式办公室空间的趋势，由创意机构和科技初创公司推广，成为主流，因为人们相信开放空间环境支持创新)”可知，开放式办公室的流行趋势是因为人们相信它能激发员工的创造力。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Instead of talking more with each other, the employees put on headphones and began communicating by text and email. (员工们没有更多地互相交谈，而是戴上耳机，开始通过短信和电子邮件进行交流)”可知，员工们开始更多地使用数字通信渠道，数字通信渠道的激增，划线词surged意为“迅速增加”。A. Suspended timely及时暂停；B. Became useless变得无用；C. Cost less成本更低；D. Increased quickly增长迅速。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Even more troublesome are overheard ‘halfversations’, in which the listener only knows about one side of a dialogue; our brains automatically imagine the other, ” wrote authors John Medina and Ryan Mullenix. (更麻烦的是无意中听到的‘半句话’，听者只知道对话的一面；我们的大脑会自动想象对方，”作者约翰·梅迪纳和瑞安·穆勒尼克斯写道。)”可知，开放式办公室难以工作的原因是听到同事之间对话的一部分。故选D。 4． 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But the solution, say experts including Newport, isn’t to go back to putting everyone into offices with walls. (但包括纽波特在内的专家表示，解决方案不是让每个人都回到有墙的办公室)”可推测，接下来可能会讨论如何解决开放式办公室的缺点。故选C。 Passage 15 （23-24高二下·陕西汉中·期末）In present-day Romania, a decreasing number of craftsmen practice what’s thought to be a centuries-old craft. They search the forest for a fungus (真菌), which grows within trees and sends out shelf-like mushrooms a few inches wide. The fungus is shaved lengthwise into thin strips. Those strips are then stretched to form broad sheets, which can be crafted into hats, bags, jewelry, and ornaments. As far back as 1903, Tlingit craftsmen in what is now the state of Alaska were recorded crafting purses out of a material from agarikon fungus. However, the craftsmen’s process in the early times was about searching for materials, not cultivating them for mass production. Today, the biotechnology company MycoWorks in the US is pioneering in cultivating mycelium (菌丝). Mycelium is a structural wonder — soft, dense, and strong, making it a great potential replacement for leather.     The operation starts with agricultural waste, like sawdust (锯末), which is heated to remove existing microbial life. Once done, it goes into deep plates of varying sizes. Then fungus joins the party, digesting and growing. In some cases, fabric can be added for the mycelium to weave around. The sheet of mycelium is eventually peeled off the wood blocks, and growth comes to an end. It can be easily mistaken for traditional leather. MycoWorks is one of a wave of innovators, all of whom assume that a better understanding of mycelium can redefine the limits of fashion and design. In recent years, MycoWorks’ products have been used in designer bags and pillows. CEO Matt Scullin praises mycelium as a material in fashion, “It has a bit of a soft touch, and it has a bounce. It can absorb the oil s and heat from your fingers when you touch it.” “The early efforts appear to be more moral, and improve eco-footprint. Products made from such material are fully biodegradable — allowing for a future in which dealing with an old pair of shoes might mean simply composting (堆肥) them,” he added. 1．What is the author’s purpose in writing the first paragraph? A．To stress the history of growing mushrooms. B．To introduce a fashion inspired by mushrooms. C．To show ancient mushroom growing techniques. D．To present the novel use of mushrooms in fashion. 2．What does paragraph 3 focus on about mycelium? A．Its growing process. B．Its high quality. C．Its shortcomings. D．Its working life. 3．What does Matt Scullin think of mycelium as a material in the field? A．It is straightforward to grow. B．It offers a rough feel. C．It promotes sustainability. D．It is oil-and-heat resistant. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Fungus Crafts: An Endangered Heritage B．Mycelium: The Green Leather Alternative C．Crafting with Nature: Romania’s Fungal Tradition D．Mycelium’s Role: From Ancient Craft to Modern Innovation 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一种用菌类制作的皮革材料用于时尚业的新技术。 1．推理判断题。根据首段中的“Those strips are then stretched to form broad sheets, which can be crafted into hats, bags, jewelry, and ornaments. As far back as 1903, Tlingit craftsmen in what is now the state of Alaska were recorded crafting purses out of a material from agarikon fungus.(然后这些条被拉伸成宽片，可以制作成帽子、包、珠宝和装饰品。早在1903年，在现在的阿拉斯加州，有记载称特林吉特工匠用一种来自蘑菇的材料制作钱包。)”可知，罗马尼亚人和特林吉特工匠用菌类作为皮革材料制作包，由此可知，第一段的目的是展示蘑菇在时尚中的新用途。故选D项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“The operation starts with agricultural waste, like sawdust (锯末), which is heated to remove existing microbial life. Once done, it goes into deep plates of varying sizes. Then fungus joins the party, digesting and growing. In some cases, fabric can be added for the mycelium to weave around. The sheet of mycelium is eventually peeled off the wood blocks, and growth comes to an end.(该操作从农业废物开始，如锯末，加热以去除现有的微生物生命。一旦完成，它就会被放入不同大小的深盘子中。然后真菌加入进来，消化和生长。在某些情况下，可以添加织物使菌丝体在周围编织。菌丝体最终从木块上脱落，生长结束。)”可知，此处介绍的是菌丝培养是从加热农业废物开始，完成后放入深盘子中，真菌消化生长，也可以添加织物使菌丝在其周围编织，最后从木块脱落，生长结束，由此可知，第二段主要关注的是从开始加热锯末到最终长成的过程。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“CEO Matt Scullin praises mycelium as a material in fashion, “It has a bit of a soft touch, and it has a bounce. It can absorb the oil s and heat from your fingers when you touch it.” “The early efforts appear to be more moral, and improve eco-footprint. Products made from such material are fully biodegradable — allowing for a future in which dealing with an old pair of shoes might mean simply composting (堆肥) them,” he added.(首席执行官马特·斯卡林称赞菌丝体是一种时尚材料，“它有一点柔软的触感，它有弹性。当你触摸它时，它可以吸收手指上的油和热量。“早期的努力似乎更符合道德，并改善了生态足迹。”由这种材料制成的产品是完全可生物降解的，未来处理一双旧鞋可能意味着简单的堆肥”他补充道。)”可知，首席执行官马特·斯卡林称赞菌丝体是一种时尚材料，他认为这种材料制成的产品是完全可以生物降解的，由此可知，马特·斯卡林认为菌丝体作为该领域的一种材料促进可持续性。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据首段介绍的罗马尼亚人和特林吉特工匠用菌类作为皮革材料制作包引出本文的话题——菌类在时尚中的新用途，结合第二段中的“Today, the biotechnology company MycoWorks in the US is pioneering in cultivating mycelium (菌丝). Mycelium is a structural wonder—soft, dense, and strong, making it a great potential replacement for leather.(今天，美国的生物技术公司MycoWorks是培养菌丝体的先驱。菌丝体是一种结构奇迹——柔软、致密、坚固，使其成为皮革的潜在替代品。)”以及下文中介绍的菌丝的培养过程和马特·斯卡林对菌丝体作为时尚界的一种材料的看法可知，本文主要介绍的是菌丝体可以成为皮革的替代品，所以标题“菌丝体：绿色皮革的替代品”与本文的主题吻合，适合作为最佳标题。故选B项。 Passage 16 （23-24高二下·河南许昌·期末）Sometimes it seems anti-pollution and recycling efforts are a long road to nowhere. That’s how engineer Toby McCartney felt, until visiting India in 2016. While on the trip he worked with a group filling holes on roads using a makeshift (权宜的) method combining waste plastics, diesel fuel (柴油), and fire. Plastic has been used to construct roads in India since the turn of the century — and McCartney realized the idea could be applied to road construction in other countries, “to solve two world problems : plastic waste, and on the other side the poor quality of roads we have to drive on today.” Upon returning home to Scotland, he and two friends started experimenting, melting down various combinations of consumer plastics on his kitchen stove (炉子). After going through over 500 different combinations of waste plastics, they found materials that worked and founded a company, named MacRebur, to start building their plastic-enhanced roads. In MacRebur, waste plastics are broken down into small pieces and replace 20% of the sticky oil-based bitumen (沥青) that is used on traditional roads. The mixed material is up to 60% stronger, up to three times longer-lasting, and has huge environmental benefits. According to McCartney, each mile of road laid with his company’s product uses almost 1.2 million single-use plastic bags or 80,000 plastic bottles. For every one-mile road, there’s a carbon reduction of about 33 tons. McCartney is sure that plastics in roads will not wash back into our rivers and oceans when it rains. Since the plastic is safely sandwiched between stone and bitumen, it can’t easily reenter the environment. “All our plastics are heated to around180 degrees,” says McCartney. “They then fully mix with the remaining bitumen in the road, so there is no micro-plastic present in any of our roads.” “At the end of the day plastic is a great product,” McCartney says. “It lasts long, which is a problem if it’s a waste product, but not a problem if we want it to last.” 1．What do we know about McCartney’s Indian trip? A．He got inspiration from it. B．He taught the locals to fill road holes. C．He witnessed serious plastic pollution. D．He was disappointed by the poor roads. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about concerning MacRebur’s product? A．Its materials. B．Its production procedures. C．Its advantages. D．Its potential applications. 3．What is McCartney’s attitude to the enhanced roads’ environmental cost? A．Reserved. B．Unworried. C．Concerned. D．Uncertain. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Plastics can save the planet B．Makeshift roads will be the norm C．Engineer invents new plastic that lasts longer D．Waste plastics could build the roads of future 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了工程师托比·麦卡特尼在研究了500多种不同的废塑料组合后，他们找到了有效的材料，并成立了一家名为MacRebur的公司，开始建造塑料增强公路。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Plastic has been used to construct roads in India since the turn of the century — and McCartney realized the idea could be applied to road construction in other countries, “to solve two world problems : plastic waste, and on the other side the poor quality of roads we have to drive on today.”(自世纪之交以来，塑料一直被用于印度的道路建设，麦卡特尼意识到这个想法可以应用于其他国家的道路建设，“以解决两个世界问题:塑料垃圾，另一方面是我们今天行驶的道路质量差。”)”可知，麦卡特尼从印度之行中获得了灵感。故选A。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“In MacRebur, waste plastics are broken down into small pieces and replace 20% of the sticky oil-based bitumen (沥青) that is used on traditional roads. The mixed material is up to 60% stronger, up to three times longer-lasting, and has huge environmental benefits. According to McCartney, each mile of road laid with his company’s product uses almost 1. 2 million single-use plastic bags or 80, 000 plastic bottles. For every one-mile road, there’s a carbon reduction of about 33 tons.(在MacRebur，废塑料被分解成小块，取代了传统道路上使用的20%的粘性油基沥青。混合材料的强度提高了60%，使用寿命延长了三倍，并具有巨大的环境效益。根据麦卡特尼的说法，每铺设一英里的道路，他的公司的产品使用近120万个一次性塑料袋或8万个塑料瓶。每走一英里路，就能减少约33吨的碳排放)”可知，关于MacRebur的产品，第三段主要讲了其优点。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“McCartney is sure that plastics in roads will not wash back into our rivers and oceans when it rains. Since the plastic is safely sandwiched between stone and bitumen, it can’t easily reenter the environment.(麦卡特尼确信，当下雨时，道路上的塑料不会被冲回河流和海洋。由于塑料被安全地夹在石头和沥青之间，它不容易重新进入环境)”可知，麦卡特尼对增建道路的环境成本持不担忧的态度。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Plastic has been used to construct roads in India since the turn of the century — and McCartney realized the idea could be applied to road construction in other countries, “to solve two world problems : plastic waste, and on the other side the poor quality of roads we have to drive on today.”(自世纪之交以来，塑料一直被用于印度的道路建设，麦卡特尼意识到这个想法可以应用于其他国家的道路建设，“以解决两个世界问题：塑料垃圾，另一方面是我们今天行驶的道路质量差。”)”结合文章主要说明了工程师托比·麦卡特尼在研究了500多种不同的废塑料组合后，他们找到了有效的材料，并成立了一家名为MacRebur的公司，开始建造塑料增强公路。D选项“废塑料可以建造未来的道路”最符合文章标题。故选D。 Passage 17 （23-24高二下·河南·期末）Recent experiments by psychologists at Temple University threw new light on how we learn and how we remember our real-world experiences. The research suggests that varying what we study and spacing out our learning over time can both be helpful for memory — it just depends on what we’re trying to remember. Benjamin Rottman, an associate professor of psychology said, “If you cram (塞进) the night before a test, you might remember the information the next day for the test, but you will probably forget it fairly soon. In contrast, if you study the material on different days leading up to the test, you will be more likely to recall it for a longer period of time.” But while the “spacing effect” is one of the most repeated findings in psychological research, much of this work has been predicated on the idea that what you are trying to learn — the content of the experience itself — repeats identically each time. Yet that is rarely the case in real life, when some features of our experiences may stay the same, but others are likely to change. For example, imagine repeat trips to your local coffee shop. While many features may stay the same on each visit, a new barista (咖啡师) may be serving you. “In contrast,” Rottman said, “we found that for associative memory benefited from stability. Spacing only benefited memory for the pairs that were repeated exactly, and only if there were pretty long gaps between study opportunities. For example, if you are trying to remember the new person’s name, it is more helpful to repeat that same exact name with spacing between each. ” Rottman continued, “This work demonstrates the benefits of spaced learning on memory are not absolute, instead depending on the variability present in the content across repetitions and the timing between learning opportunities, expanding our current understanding of how the way in which we learn information can impact how it is remembered. Our work suggests that both variability and spacing may present methods to improve our memory for isolated features and associative information, respectively, raising important applications for future research, education, and our everyday lives.” 1．How does the “spacing effect” benefit memory? A．By varying what we study. B．By stabilizing what we learn. C．By repeating the material exactly. D．By spreading out learning over time. 2．Why does Rottman mention the example of repeated trips to the coffee shop? A．To illustrate the “spacing effect”. B．To show the variability in real life. C．To stress the significance of memory. D．To explain the importance of stability. 3．What can we infer from the text? A．Repetition is not useful for memory. B．Real-life experiences are easy to forget. C．The findings of the research are limited. D．Memory can be improved by proper methods. 4．Which is the best title for the text? A．How to Improve Our Memory B．The Benefits of Spaced Learning C．Stability and Variability in Memory D．Varying What You Study for Better Memory 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。Temple University的心理学家最新实验表明, 变化学习内容和分散学习时间对记忆有益处；同时还发现稳定性对联想记忆有作用, 且间隔学习的效果取决于内容的变化性和学习机会的时间间隔。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In contrast, if you study the material on different days leading up to the test, you will be more likely to recall it for a longer period of time.(相比之下，如果你在考试前的不同日子学习材料，你就更有可能在更长的时间内记住它)”可知, 如果你在考试前的不同日子学习材料，你将更有可能在更长的时间内回忆起它。这说明“spacing effect”通过分散学习时间来帮助提高记忆。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Yet that is rarely the case in real life, when some features of our experiences may stay the same, but others are likely to change. For example, imagine repeat trips to your local coffee shop. While many features may stay the same on each visit, a new barista (咖啡师) may be serving you.(然而，在现实生活中，这种情况很少发生，我们经历的一些特征可能保持不变，但其他特征可能会发生变化。例如，想象一下你经常去当地的咖啡店。虽然很多功能可能在每次访问时都保持不变，但可能会有新的咖啡师为你服务。)”可知，作者提到重复去咖啡店的例子是为了说明现实生活中的变化性。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“The research suggests that varying what we study and spacing out our learning over time can both be helpful for memory — it just depends on what we’re trying to remember.(研究表明，随着时间的推移，改变我们学习的内容和间隔学习时间对记忆都有帮助——这取决于我们想要记住的是什么)”以及最后一段中“Our work suggests that both variability and spacing may present methods to improve our memory for isolated features and associative information, respectively, raising important applications for future research, education, and our everyday lives.(我们的研究表明，可变性和间隔可能分别为提高我们对孤立特征和联想信息的记忆提供了方法，为未来的研究、教育和我们的日常生活提出了重要的应用。)”可知，间隔学习和变化学习内容都对记忆有帮助，同时稳定性对联想记忆也有益处，这些发现表明通过适当的方法可以提高记忆能力。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“Recent experiments by psychologists at Temple University threw new light on how we learn and how we remember our real-world experiences. The research suggests that varying what we study and spacing out our learning over time can both be helpful for memory — it just depends on what we’re trying to remember.(天普大学心理学家最近的实验为我们如何学习和记忆现实世界的经历提供了新的思路。研究表明，随着时间的推移，改变我们学习的内容和间隔学习时间对记忆都有帮助——这取决于我们想要记住的是什么)”以及最后一段中“Our work suggests that both variability and spacing may present methods to improve our memory for isolated features and associative information, respectively, raising important applications for future research, education, and our everyday lives.”(我们的研究表明，可变性和间隔可能分别为提高我们对孤立特征和联想信息的记忆提供了方法，为未来的研究、教育和我们的日常生活提出了重要的应用。)”可知，本文主要讲述了心理学家的研究发现，即学习和记忆的方式会影响记忆的效果，同时还探讨了稳定性和变化性对记忆的影响。文章强调了记忆中的稳定性和变化性这两个方面，其他选项虽然在文章中有所涉及, 但都不能完整地概括文章的主要内容。C选项“记忆的稳定性和可变性”最符合文章标题。故选C。 Passage 18 （2024·安徽黄山·二模）Living in a city, you may face fewer parking spaces, more pollution, less personal space, and more traffic and noise, all of which contribute to higher stress levels, often translating to aggression (攻击行为). And now, researchers have found evidence that this behavior applies to song sparrows (歌雀) too. But it comes with a surprising benefit to the youngest generation of city sparrows. There are fewer city-living song sparrows than in the countryside. However, the increased aggression observed in the males can be connected to a more pressing need to defend territories in urban settings. But that increased aggression doesn’t mean the males fail in their duties as fathers. In fact, the researchers were surprised to find that the opposite may be true. “Male songbirds are thought to reduce parental care when they are more aggressive. Yet this study showed that urban male song sparrows provided more care for their young,” says Dr Samuel Lane, lead author of the study. “Against our expectations, we found that they visited nests more often and were more successful parents than the males in the countryside.” The researchers carried out their studies at six sites across southwest Virginia, USA, across four breeding (繁殖) seasons. They found that the high survival rate of their chicks was subject to many factors. Not only did male sparrows visit their nests more often, but they also began feeding chicks earlier in the day. Despite the challenges of being a city bird, hatching success was observed to be higher in urban habitats. And even though brood parasitism, one species laying eggs in the nest of another, is typically higher in urban areas, the researchers observed that rates of nest predation, the act of other animals eating eggs or young birds, were lower, further contributing to the overall nesting success of these sparrows. Lane said, “Our study adds to growing evidence that certain species of songbirds even benefit from living in urban environments when there is enough green space for them to find food and nest locations.” The team hope ongoing research in this area will contribute to the establishment of urban environments aimed at offering improved support for wildlife. 1．What causes the increased aggression of male city sparrows? A．The stress of protecting their territories. B．The worsening of urban noise pollution. C．The challenges of building their nests. D．The growing needs of younger generations. 2．What had the researchers expected of urban males compared to those in the countryside? A．They lived shorter lives. B．They had a higher population. C．They had lower nest attendance. D．They woke up earlier in the morning. 3．Which of the following can be found in urban areas according to the study? A．Higher nest locations. B．Reduced brood parasitism. C．Limited breeding seasons. D．Lower nest predation rates. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．City Male Birds Do It All B．Aggressive Birds Surprise Scientists C．Big City Life Makes Birds Better Dads D．The Future of City Birds Lies in Our Hands 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述城市压力让雄性歌雀更具有攻击性，但这也为它们成为更好的父亲，在城市的持续繁衍带来了好处。 1．细节理解题。由文章第二段“There are fewer city-living song sparrows than in the countryside. However, the increased aggression observed in the males can be connected to a more pressing need to defend territories in urban settings. (城市里活着的歌麻雀比农村少。然而，在雄性歌雀身上观察到的攻击性增加可能与在城市环境中更迫切地需要保卫领土有关。)”可知，保护领地的压力导致雄性城市麻雀的攻击性增加。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。由文章第三段“Against our expectations, we found that they visited nests more often and were more successful parents than the males in the countryside(与我们的预期相反，我们发现它们比农村的雄性更经常去巢穴，而且是更成功的父母)”可知，研究人员原本预计，与农村歌雀相比，城市雄性的歌雀对巢里幼崽照顾率较低，不能成为很好的父亲。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。由文章第四段“And even though brood parasitism, one species laying eggs in the nest of another, is typically higher in urban areas, the researchers observed that rates of nest predation, the act of other animals eating eggs or young birds, were lower, further contributing to the overall nesting success of these sparrows.(尽管在城市地区，一个物种在另一个物种的巢穴中产卵的窝寄生率通常较高，但研究人员观察到，巢穴捕食率（其它动物吃蛋或幼鸟的行为）较低，这进一步促进了这些麻雀的整体筑巢成功。)”可知，研究表明，城市地区的巢穴捕食率较低。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。由文章第二段“There are fewer city-living song sparrows than in the countryside. However, the increased aggression observed in the males can be connected to a more pressing need to defend territories in urban settings. But that increased aggression doesn’t mean the males fail in their duties as fathers. In fact, the researchers were surprised to find that the opposite may be true.(城市里活着的歌雀比农村少。然而，在雄性歌雀身上观察到的攻击性增加可能与在城市环境中更迫切地需要保卫领土有关。但这种攻击性的增加并不意味着雄性不能履行父亲的职责。事实上，研究人员惊讶地发现，情况可能恰恰相反。)”以及上下文可知，文章讲述城市压力让雄性歌雀更具有攻击性，但这也为它们成为更好的父亲，在城市的持续繁衍带来了好处。所以C项Big City Life Makes Birds Better Dads(大城市生活让鸟成为更好的爸爸)符合语境。故选C项。 Passage 19 （24-25高二上·江苏苏州·期末）A watched pot never boils, but time flies when you’re having fun. These all-too-familiar sayings have a basis in solid science — our sense of time expands and contracts (收缩) depending on the way we experience the world around us. This is not just a general impression of time’s passage. It also has a great deal to do with psychology. “There are a lot of illusions (错觉) of time,” says Martin Wiener, a scientist at George Mason University. Recently, his team have found that more memorable images seem to last longer, and these lasting images also appear to be more memorable. Looking at red objects makes time pass slower than staring at blue ones. The slowdown also occurs when inspecting bigger and brighter objects. To understand how the memorability of an image might relate to our sense of time, the team conducted four experiments, in which participants were shown images with different time periods. They were asked to hold down a button, either “short” or “long”, to indicate the length of time the image was displayed on the screen. Participants perceived that more memorable images remained on the screen longer and that they were more likely to recall them later. These results suggest that images aren’t just more memorable if people look at them for a longer time, a well-established effect. Images are also more memorable if people perceive that they have looked for longer when they really haven’t. This suggests that there is some underlying factor that is causing both of these effects. The team later found that more memorable images were processed faster. They help the brain process more information in a limited time. This is especially relevant (有关的) to the brain’s visual system. With limited resources, the visual areas have to set priorities. In other words, memorable images may be memorable because they’re just easy for our systems to process. Why faster processing would make time last longer is still a mystery, however. For now, the most reasonable explanation for why our brain slows time is that it is increasing the amount of information it can take in at once. 1．What is the function of paragraph 1? A．To prove an opinion. B．To present a phenomenon. C．To challenge a viewpoint. D．To introduce a new finding. 2．Why did the team conduct the experiments? A．To perceive memorable images. B．To categorize the length of time. C．To know the secret of time perception. D．To test the memory of the participants. 3．According to Wiener, what’s the underlying cause of some images being more memorable? A．They have limited resources. B．They contain more information. C．They are looked at for a longer time. D．They are easy for the brain to process. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Memory relies on visual aids. B．Faster processing makes time fly. C．Resources influence time perception. D．Memorable things make time slow down. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们对时间感知的错觉及其与记忆之间的关系。 1．推理判断题。第一段中提到“A watched pot never boils, but time flies when you’re having fun. These all-too-familiar sayings have a basis in solid science — our sense of time expands and contracts (收缩) depending on the way we experience the world around us. (常言道，心急水不开，快乐时光易逝。这些耳熟能详的说法有着坚实的科学基础——我们对时间的感知会根据我们体验周围世界的方式而延长或缩短)”可知，第一段通过两个俗语引出了文章的主题——人们对时间的感知是有科学依据的。因此，第一段的作用是引入一个新的发现或观点，即人们对时间的感知是有科学依据的，并且会受到我们经历方式的影响。所以D选项“To introduce a new finding(引入一个新的发现)”符合题意。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“To understand how the memorability of an image might relate to our sense of time, the team conducted four experiments, in which participants were shown images with different time periods. (为了了解图像的可记忆性与我们的时间感之间的关系，研究小组进行了四个实验，向参与者展示了不同时间长度的图像)”可知，团队进行实验的目的是为了理解图像的易记性如何与我们的时间感知相关。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“ In other words, memorable images may be memorable because they’re just easy for our systems to process. (换句话说，令人难忘的图像之所以令人难忘，是因为它们对我们的系统来说很容易处理)”可知，Wiener认为一些图像更容易被记住的根本原因是它们容易被我们的大脑处理。因此，选项D“They are easy for the brain to process(它们很容易被大脑处理)”符合题意。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“These all-too-familiar sayings have a basis in solid science—our sense of time expands and contracts (收缩) depending on the way we experience the world around us. This is not just a general impression of time’s passage. It also has a great deal to do with psychology.( 这些再熟悉不过的说法有坚实的科学依据——我们对时间的感知取决于我们体验周围世界的方式。这不仅仅是时间流逝的一般印象。这与心理学也有很大关系)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了人们对时间感知的错觉，特别是与记忆深刻的图像相关的错觉，以及科学家对此进行的研究。文中提到，记忆深刻的图像会让人感觉时间持续得更长，且这些图像更容易被记住。因此，选项D“Memorable things make time slow down(值得纪念的事情会让时间慢下来)”最能概括文章的主旨，即记忆深刻的事物会让时间感觉变慢。故选D。 Passage 20 （24-25高二上·江苏苏州·期末）Will there be another Harry Potter? Between 1997 and 2007, it seemed like every child was reading J.K. Rowling’s fantasy novels about a teenager’s adventures. Kids worldwide spent long hours reading the thick hardcovers many times. But when digital reading began supplanting print reading, we may never again see another book series attract kids’ attention as Harry Potter did. In addition, the switch to digital reading may be affecting kids’ reading comprehension skills, a recently published study finds. Scientists at the University of Valencia in Spain analyzed 26 previous studies, each exploring the effect of leisure-time digital reading on comprehension. They found that digital reading does improve comprehension skills, but the beneficial effect of deep reading is between six and seven times smaller than that of print reading, and it’s smallest for children. Great exposure to digital reading activities may prevent early readers from building firm reading basics in a critical period. Digital texts tend to be much shorter and have worse linguistic (语言学的) quality compared to printed works. Phones and computers also expose readers to distractions (干扰) from social media, You tube, and video games. Because youth tend to have poor impulse (冲动) control, they are more likely to be distracted than adults when engaging in digital reading. They also are less likely to have mastered vocabulary and grammar rules. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. The more kids are exposed to print reading, the better able they are to understand and recall what they are reading. Moreover, as young readers consume longer and more complex texts, their reading skills improve, further boosting their abilities. It is therefore recommended that parents and teachers limit kids’ time with digital content, or at least emphasize printed works or using basic e-readers with ink-screens. 1．What does the underlined word “supplanting” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Changing. B．Replacing. C．Influencing. D．Aiding. 2．What does the author focus on in the first two paragraphs? A．The loss of deep reading. B．The importance of reading. C．The appeal of print reading. D．The benefits of digital reading. 3．The study finds that print reading can enhance kids’ reading abilities because of __________. A．Parents’ reading skills. B．Social Media’s support. C．Paper’s physical properties. D．Kids’ consumption of easy texts. 4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Basic e-readers can be promoted. B．Print reading still has a place nowadays. C．Teachers should limit kids’ reading time. D．Parents should emphasize digital reading. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了电子阅读的兴起，以及其对孩子们阅读的积极和消极的影响。 1．词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Kids worldwide spent long hours reading the thick hardcovers many times.( 世界各地的孩子们花很长时间反复阅读这本厚厚的精装书。)”以及划线单词句中“... we may never again see another book series attract kids’ attention as Harry Potter did.( ……我们可能再也不会看到像《哈利波特》这样吸引孩子们注意力的系列图书了。)”可知，前后文形成对比，提到数字阅读和纸质阅读，且表示数字阅读开始后，像《哈利・波特》那样吸引孩子注意力的纸质书系列可能不会再出现了，由此可推测“supplanting”意思是“取代”，即数字阅读开始取代纸质阅读，“replace”有“取代”之意。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第一段中“But when digital reading began supplanting print reading, we may never again see another book series attract kids’ attention as Harry Potter did. In addition, the switch to digital reading may be affecting kids’ reading comprehension skills, a recently published study finds.( 但是，当数字阅读开始取代纸质阅读时，我们可能再也不会看到像《哈利波特》这样吸引孩子们注意力的系列图书了。此外，最近发表的一项研究发现，转向数字阅读可能会影响孩子们的阅读理解能力。)”以及第二段中“They found that digital reading does improve comprehension skills, but the beneficial effect of deep reading is between six and seven times smaller than that of print reading, and it’s smallest for children.( 他们发现，数字阅读确实能提高理解能力，但深度阅读的有益效果比纸质阅读小6到7倍，对儿童的影响最小。)”可知，第一段提到数字阅读开始取代纸质阅读，可能不会再有像《哈利・波特》那样吸引孩子的书系列，第二段指出数字阅读对阅读理解技能提升效果不如纸质阅读，尤其是对孩子，综合两段内容，作者重点关注的是深度阅读的缺失，因为数字阅读的兴起影响了孩子像以前那样进行深度阅读。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.( 在纸上，有一个字面上的手，以及不同页面的视觉地理。人们通常会把他们对所读内容的记忆与书的深度或在书页上的位置联系起来。)”可知，研究发现，纸质阅读可以提高孩子的阅读能力，是因为纸质书的物理特性，这种特性有助于提高孩子的阅读能力。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It is therefore recommended that parents and teachers limit kids’ time with digital content, or at least emphasize printed works or using basic e-readers with ink-screens.( 因此，建议家长和老师限制孩子接触数字内容的时间，或者至少强调印刷作品或使用基本的带墨水屏幕的电子阅读器。)”可推知，作者在最后一段暗示了在如今，纸质阅读仍然有其存在的价值和地位。故选B项。 Passage 21 （24-25高二上·江苏扬州·期末）Standing on a stage, singing a folk song at a local Chinese festival, is an important memory for Kien Vuu. While he was too young to understand the words he was singing, he did understand how much he loved performing music. Vuu did not grow up to become a professional singer. Instead, he became a noted longevity (长寿) doctor. Yet he never lost his love for singing. “In my work as a doctor, I’ve become convinced that having hobbies is an essential part of living and aging well,” he says. In addition to boosting his mood, singing helps him bond with his family and most importantly, feel connected to his Chinese cultural traditions. A wrong view is that engaging in hobbies is a waste of time. However, Dr. Kaiser says nearly all hobbies can provide measurable positive health benefits. And the science backs this up. Multiple studies in 2021 found strong evidence that engaging in entertainment can improve our brain’s networks to change and adapt. Hobbies take advantage of this flexibility and help your brain create new connections, helping you in areas beyond just that particular skill. This can be the reason why Kien Vuu, who has a passion for singing, does well in medicine. Do hobbies make us happier? Absolutely, in many ways. People who made a conscious effort each day to spend time doing hobbies showed an average boost of 8% in well-being and a 10% drop in stress and anxiety, according to a 2023 study published in Journal of Personality. Similarly, folks who reported having at least one hobby were found to have fewer depressive symptoms and higher levels of happiness, health and life satisfaction, according to a 2023 study published in Nature Medicine. Is there a right number of hobbies to have? The answer is individual. Dr. Kaiser points out while a hobby is what you can do in your spare time that brings you joy, not all hobbies are created equal when it comes to health and happiness. 1．What is the biggest influence of loving music on Kien Vuu? A．Promoting his professional growth. B．Protecting him from physical diseases. C．Ridding him of the negative emotions. D．Feeling attached to his Chinese origin. 2．What can the 2021 multiple studies help us understand? A．Students who are good at dancing will come out first in dancing shows. B．People who like playing Chinese chess can perform well in mathematics. C．Parents who prefer writing often have children follow in their footsteps. D．Friends who enjoy science fiction films always go to the cinema in groups. 4．How does the writer explain the findings in the last but one paragraph? A．By giving explanations. B．By raising questions. C．By offering suggestions. D．By making comparisons. 5．What might be discussed after this passage? A．Ways of choosing personal hobbies. B．Benefits of loving performing music. C．Shortcomings of previous research. D．Approaches to doing further studies. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了兴趣爱好对人类身心健康有着积极的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据文章首句和第二段最后一句话“ In addition to boosting his mood, singing helps him bond with his family and most importantly, feel connected to his Chinese cultural traditions.(除了提升他的情绪，唱歌还有助于他与家人建立联系，最重要的是，让他感受到与中国文化传统的联系。)”可知，爱好音乐对Vuu最大的影响是让他感受到和中国的联系。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“Multiple studies in 2021 found strong evidence that engaging in entertainment can improve our brain’s networks to change and adapt. Hobbies take advantage of this flexibility and help your brain create new connections, helping you in areas beyond just that particular skill.( 2021年的多项研究发现，有强有力的证据表明，参与娱乐活动可以改善我们大脑的网络，使其能够改变和适应。爱好利用了这种灵活性，帮助你的大脑建立新的联系，帮助你在特定技能之外的领域。)”可知，2021年的研究证明参与娱乐活动对大脑网络有改善作用，并帮助建立新的联系，在特定技能之外的领域有所积极影响。由此可推知，选项B“People who like playing Chinese chess can perform well in mathematics.(喜欢下棋的人在数学方面表现很好。)”这一论述是可以通过这些研究解释的。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段首先提及“People who made a conscious effort each day to spend time doing hobbies showed an average boost of 8% in well-being and a 10% drop in stress and anxiety.(每天有意识地花时间做爱好的人，幸福感平均提升8%，压力和焦虑下降10%)”可知，该句在论证时用了数字对比；同时“Similarly, folks who reported having at least one hobby were found to have fewer depressive symptoms and higher levels of happiness…(同样，那些至少有一种爱好的人抑郁症状更少，幸福感更高……)”可知，该句使用了形容词比较级。由此可推知，作者是通过作比较来解释研究结果的。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最一段“Dr. Kaiser points out while a hobby is what you can do in your spare time that brings you joy, not all hobbies are created equal when it comes to health and happiness.(Kaiser博士指出，虽然爱好是你在业余时间可以做的能给你带来快乐的事情，但在健康和幸福方面，并非所有爱好都是平等的。)”可知，该段末尾部分开始提到了并非所有的爱好都是平等的，即，爱好其实具有“选择性”，那么可推知，接下来文章会讲述如何选择个人的兴趣爱好。故选A项。 试卷第34页，共35页 试卷第1页，共35页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$