附录二 常见词性转换-【指点中考】2025年湖北中考英语早背晚默

附录二 常见词性转换 将两个或两个以上独立且语义不 通过在词根前面加前缀或在词根 同的单词合在一起构成新词: 后面加后缀构成一个新单词 notebook、newspaper: 合成法 否定 un-(unhappy)、 dis-(disagree). r-___- hard-working. 前缀 in-/im-(independent/impossible) bookstore. somebody 常见 linter-(在.....之间; 相互): 一个单词由一种词类转换为 前缀 interview, international 另一种词类而词形不变: 其他 ,7; re-(再;重复):review、return blackadi.黑色的 派生法 转化法 一前缀 →blackn.黑色 en-(使......处于属种状态): encourage interest n.兴趣 →interestv.使感兴趣 构词法 名词后缀:-er/-or(teacher/actor)、 cookv.享任 -ment (achievement)、-ist (artist). →cookn.厨师 -ion/-tion(action/competition). cleanadj.干净的 -ty(safety)、-ness (illness)、-th(warmth) →cleanv.打扫 形容词后缀:-ful(hopeful)、-ed(excited)、 -y(cloudy)、-al(natural)、-able/-ible 把一个单词的完整拼写形 (comfortable/possible)、-ing (exciting). 11 式简化成由几个代表性字 [常见 -less (useless)、-ous (dangerous) 母组成的单词: 后级 副词后缀:-ly(sadly) United Nations-UN 缩写和 January→Jan. 简写 数词后缀:-ty(twenty)、-teen(eighteen)、 examination→exam -th (fifth) 类型一 变为名词 improve→improvemen invite→invitation moye→movement 1.形容词+-ness organize→organization punish→punishment careful→carefulness pollute→pollution treat→treatment careless→carelessness protect→protection 3.动词+-ion happy→happiness pronounce→pronunciation celebrate→celebration ill→illness suggest→suggestion collect→collection kind→kindness 4.动词/名词+-er/or/r compete→competition rich→richness act→actor communicate→communicatior sad→sadness climb→climber congratulate→congratulation sick→sickness dance→dancer decide→decision 2.动词+-ment design→designer discuss→discussion achieve→achievemen direct→director educate→education agree→agreement drive→driver develop→development introduce→introduction lead→leader excite→excitemen inyent→inyentior invent→inventor 早背晚默 65 office→officer shake→shaking 9.名词+-ian(表示人) own→owner ski→skiing library→librarian perform→performer smoke→smoking music→musician play→player say→saying 10. 名词+-hood/ship read→reader shop→shopping child→childhood report→reporter spell→spelling friend→friendship run→runner swim→swimming neighbor→neighborhood sing→singer train→training speak→speaker turn→turning relation→relationship warn→warning teach→teacher 11.动词+-ress(表示人,女性) travel→traveller/traveler wash→washing act→actress visit→visitor write→writing wait→waitress wait→waiter 6.名词+-ist(表示人) 12.其他不规则变化 win→winner art→artist advise→advice write→writer piano→pianist believe→belief work→worker science→scientist choose→choice 5.动词+-ing tour→tourist deep→depth begin→beginning violin→violinist build→building 7.形容词词尾t→ce die→death clean→cleaning confident→confidence discover→discovery cook→cooking different→difference fail→failure cross→crossing distant→distance free→freedom draw→drawing important→importance high→height end→ending patient→patience laugh→laughter feel→feeling silent→silence long→length fish→fishing 8.形容词+-y/ty/ity able→ability marry→marriage meet→meeting please→pleasure mean→meaning difficult→difficulty electric→electricity paint→painting serve→service read→reading real→reality succeed→success skate→skating safe→safety true→truth 66 指点中考 英语 类型二 变为形容词 4.名词+-ful interest→interested→interesting beauty→beautiful 1.名词+-y move→moved→moving care→careful relax→relaxed→relaxing anger→angry color→colorful satisfy→satisfied→satisfying cloud→cloudy surprise→surprised→surprising fun→funny harm→harmful tire→tired→tiring health→healthy help→helpful 8. 动词+-able hunger→hungry hope→hopeful believe→believable luck→lucky meaning→meaningful comfort→comfortable noise→noisy success→successful enjoy→enjoyable rain→rainy peace→peaceful value→valuable salt→salty pain→painful 9.动词+-ive sleep→sleepy power→powerful act→active use→useful snow→snowy create→creative wonder→wonderful sun→sunny 10.名词(表示方向)+-ern 5.名词+-less taste→tasty 名词(表示材料)+-en care→careless wind→windy east→eastern end→endless 2.名词土-al west→western help→helpless culture→cultural north→northern home→homeless south→southern education→educational gold→golden medicine→medical hope→hopeless wood→wooden music→musical meaning→meaningles 11.表示国家/洲的名词变为 nation→national 6.名词+-ly 形容词(和名词) nature→natural day→daily Africa→African society→social week→weekly America→American person→personal friend→friendly Australia→Australian physics→physical love→lovely Asia→Asian tradition→traditional 7.动词+-ed/ing Britain→British 3.名词+-ous amaze→amazed→amazing Canada→Canadiar danger→dangerous bore→bored→boring China→Chinese humor→humorous excite→excited→exciting England→English 早背晚默 67 France→French easy→easily easy→uneasy Germany→German heavy→heavily fair→unfair India→Indian unlucky→unluckily friendly→unfriendly Japan→Japanese 3.形容词词尾不去e+-l forgettable→unforgettable 12.过去分词具有形容词性质 polite→politely happy→unhappy break→broken complete→completely healthy→unhealthy give→given wide→widely kind→unkind lose→lost safe→safely lucky→unlucky marry→married 4.形容词词尾去e十-(1)y lock→unlock speak→spoken possible→possibly necessary→unnecessary worry→worried simple→simply usual→unusual 类型三 变为副词 true→truly patient→impatient probable→probably 1.形容词十-ly polite→impolite 一误 5.形容词与副词同形 real→really possible→impossible deep fast late early beautiful→beautifully correct→incorrect hard long far high well recent→recently advantage→disadvantage 类型四 变为动词 careful→carefully agree→disagree 1.形容词+-en especial→especially appear→disappear clear→clearly deep→deepen like→dislike wide→widen usual→usually 2.动词/名词前加a-→形容 2.en-土名词/形容词 main→mainly 词/介词,表示状态、趋势 different→differently able→enable 或加强语气 slow→slowly courage→encourage cross→across direct→directly danger→endanger live→alive joy→enjoy quick→quickly sleep→asleep 类型五 加前缀变词义 successful→successfully wake→awake final→finally 1. 形容词/动词前缀un/im-/in/ 3.动词前缀re-,表示“又;再 2.形容词词尾y→i+-ly dis-,表示否定或相反 重新” angry→angrily able→unable build→rebuild(重建) happy→happily comfortable→uncomfortable create→recreate(再创造) lucky→luckily crowded→uncrowded live→relive(重温) 68 指点中考 英语 sit→sitting make→remake(重做) box→boxes shop→shopping name→rename(重命名) fox→foxes tell→retell(复述) stop→stopping beach→beaches swim→swimming use→reuse(再次使用) coach→coaches win→winning write→rewrite(重写) speech→speeches sandwich→sandwiches 类型六 形容词/副词比较等 类型\ 加-es构成第三人称 match→matches 级变化 单数形式的动词 watch→watches 1.双写最后一个字母再加-er/-es pass→passes bush→bushes 变比较级/最高级的形容词 catch→catches dish→dishes wet→wetter→wettest match→matches wish→wishes sad→sadder→saddest reach→reaches 2.将f/fe改成v再加-es构成 hot→hotter→hottest search→searches 复数的名词 half→halves thin→thinner→thinnest teach→teaches 1 leaf→leaves fat→fatter→fattest watch→watches shelf→shelves big→bigger→bigges brush→brushes wolf→wolves 2.形容词/副词比较级、最高级 crash→crashes knife→knives 的不规则变化 finish→finishes life→lives good→better→best rush→rushes wife→wives little→less→leas push→pushes 3.复数变化不规则的名词 far→farther/further→ punish→punishes foot→feet farthest/furthest wash→washes tooth→teeth bad/badly/ill→worse→worst wish→wishes mouse→mice many/much→more→most 类型九 名词的数 child→children 类型七 man→mer 需双写最后一个字母 1.加-es构成复数的名词 woman→women 变现在分词的动词 tomato→tomatoes fireman→firemen begin→beginning potato→potatoes policeman→policemen cut→cutting hero→heroes postman→postmen drop→dropping boss→bosses sheep→sheep plan→planning class→classes Chinese→Chinese glass→glasses(眼镜) run→running Japanese→Japanese 早背晚默 69