内容正文:
10 名词的数+物主代词 核心语法 解析版
物主代词
形容词性物主代词( my “我的”、your “你的,你们的”、his“他的”、her“她的”、its“它的”、our“我们的”、their“他们的”)起形容词的作用,用在名词前。
名词性物主代词( mine“我的”、hers“她的”、yours“你的,你们的”、his“他的”、its“它的”、 ours “我们的”、 theirs 他们的”)=形容词性物主代词+名词,为避免重复使用名词,有时可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形式。
名词
在英语中,名词分为可数名词和不可数名词,它们在语法上有不同的使用规则:
一、可数名词
1. 形式:可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,通常需要与不定冠词(a, an)或定冠词(the)一起使用。例如:a book, an apple, the dogs
2.量词:可数名词可以用具体的数量词来修饰。例如:one book, two apples, three dogs
3.复数变化规则:
①大多数可数名词的复数形式是在词尾直接加 S 。例如:car-cars, book-books, day-days。
②以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词加 es :例如:bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes。
③以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为 i 再加-es:例如:baby-babies, country-countries, family-families。
④以f或fe结尾的词变f或fe为 v 再加-es:例如:knife-knives, leaf-leaves。
⑤以o结尾的词:
无生命的名词或外来词加-s:radio-radios, photo-photos。
有生命的名词加-es:potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes。
⑥不规则变化:
元音字母变化:例如:man-men, woman-women, tooth-teeth。
单复数同形:例如:sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese。
其他形式:例如:mouse-mice, child-children。
二、不可数名词
4.形式:不可数名词通常没有复数形式,总是以单数形式出现,不可数名词前通常不使用不定冠词,但可以使用定冠词。例如:water(不可数),the water(特指的水)
5.量词:不可数名词不能用具体的数量词来修饰,但可以用一些量词,如some, any, much, little等。也可以使用“量词+of+名词”的结构,例如:a glass of water, two pieces of luggage。
6.不定冠词:不可数名词前通常不使用不定冠词,但在某些情况下可以用来表示“一种,一份”等含义。例如:a coffee(在咖啡馆中点单时)
小试牛刀
一、单项选择
1.My mother buys ________ every month.
A.three boxes of egg B.three box of eggs
C.three boxes of eggs D.three box of egg
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我妈妈每个月买三盒鸡蛋。
考查名词。egg“鸡蛋”,可数名词,此处表示复数概念需用复数形式eggs;box“盒”,作为量词修饰可数名词时,需用复数形式boxes。故选C。
2.—What kind of dumplings would you like, Linda?
—I’d like ________ and ________ dumplings.
A.chicken; cabbage B.chicken; cabbages C.chickens; cabbages D.chickens; cabbage
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——琳达,你想吃哪种饺子?——我想吃鸡肉卷心菜饺子。
考查名词的数和名词作定语。chicken; cabbage鸡肉 (不可数名词),卷心菜 (单数名词);chicken; cabbages鸡肉 (不可数名词),卷心菜 (复数名词);chickens; cabbages鸡肉 (表述错误),卷心菜 (复数名词);chickens; cabbage鸡肉 (表述错误),卷心菜 (单数名词)。“chicken”在此处意为“鸡肉”,是不可数名词; 分析可知,此处为名词chicken and cabbage作定语,用单数形式,修饰“dumplings”。故选A。
3.The ________ dentists are helping people with their ________ problems.
A.man; tooth B.man; teeth C.men; tooth D.men; teeth
【答案】C
【详解】句意:牙科医生正在帮助人们解决牙齿问题。
考查名词的数。当“man”或“woman”修饰复数名词时,本身需变为复数形式,因此第一空填men;第二空“problems”指人们的牙齿问题,用单数tooth修饰problem。故选C。
4.I’d like some ________ and two cups of ________.
A.bread; coffees B.breads; coffee C.bread; coffee
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我想要一些面包和两杯咖啡。
考查不可数名词及其数的表达。bread面包;coffee咖啡。bread是不可数名词,不能加“s”变为复数形式,所以第一空应选bread;coffee是不可数名词,coffee后不能加“s”,所以第二空应选coffee。故选C。
5.—What would you like to order, Tony?
—I’d like ________ and some ________.
A.chicken soup; potato B.chicken soup; potatoes C.chickens soup; potatoes D.chickens soup; potato
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你想点什么,托尼? ——我想要鸡汤和一些土豆。
考查名词辨析。chicken soup鸡汤,不可数名词;potatoes土豆,可数名词。soup不可数名词,因此第一空chicken soup符合句意;potato土豆,可数名词,因此第二空potatoes符合句意,故选B。
6.— How much juice does your mother usually buy?
— She usually buys ________ juice.
A.three bottle of B.three bottles of C.one bottle
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你妈妈通常买多少果汁?——她通常买三瓶果汁。
考查名词的数。表示不可数名词的数量时可用量词,根据选项可知,本句修饰不可数名词juice的量词为bottle,即数词+bottle of juice,译为“几瓶果汁”,若数词大于一,bottle应用复数形式bottles。A选项bottle应用复数,故A选项错误; C选项bottle后应加of,故C选项错误。故选B。
7.—What would you like to drink?
—I’d like ________ please.
A.two bottles of oranges B.two bottle of oranges C.two bottles of orange
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你想喝点什么?——我想要两瓶橙汁。
考查不可数名词表达。orange表示“橙汁”时候,是不可数名词,要表示它的数量应用量词表达,two“两个”,后面的bottle应用复数形式。故选C。
8.—Whose bike is this? Don’t put it here.
— Oh, it’s not mine. It’s ________.
A.her B.she C.hers D.herself
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——这是谁的自行车?别放在这里。——哦,不是我的。是她的。
考查代词辨析。her她的,形容词性物主代词;she她;hers她的,名词性物主代词;herself她自己。空处是指某个人的自行车,空后无名词,应用名词性物主代词,故选C。
9.— There is a ping-pong bat on the chair. Is it __________?
— No, it isn’t __________. I think it is Teng Fei’s.
A.yours; mine B.you; me C.me; yours D.mine; your
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——椅子上有一个乒乓球拍。它是你的吗?——不,它不是我的。我认为它是腾飞的。
考查代词辨析。yours你的,名词性物主代词;mine我的,名词性物主代词;you你;你们,人称代词;me我,人称代词宾格。根据“There is a ping-pong bat on the chair. Is it ...?”可知,空格后没有名词,应用名词性物主代词,表示“你的 (乒乓球拍)”,“yours”符合语境;根据“No, it isn’t ...”及“I think it is Teng Fei’s”可知,此处表示“它不是我的 (乒乓球拍)”,“mine”符合语境。故选A。
10.My dream is to become a scientist. What is ________?
A.you B.your C.yours D.yourself
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我的梦想是成为一名科学家。你的(梦想)是什么?
考查代词辨析。you你,人称代词主格或宾格;your你的,形容词性物主代词;yours你的,名词性物主代词;yourself你自己,反身代词。根据“What is”可知,设空处是问“你的梦想”,空后没有名词,用名词性物主代词yours,直接替代“your dream”。故选C。
11.—There is a cup on the table. Do you know whose it is?
—Yes, it’s________. I drink from it every day.
A.hers B.mine C.yours
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——桌子上有一个杯子。你知道它是谁的吗?——是的,它是我的。我每天都用它喝水。
考查代词辨析。hers她的(名词性物主代词);mine我的(名词性物主代词);yours你的,你们的(名词性物主代词)。根据“I drink from it every day.”可知,此处表达的是“它是我的杯子”,也就是“它是我的”,用名词性物主代词mine,符合语境。故选B。
12.—Is this your jacket?
—No, it isn’t. ________ is blue.
A.My B.I C.Mine D.Me
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——这是你的夹克吗?——不,不是。我的是蓝色的。
考查代词辨析。my我的,形容词性物主代词;I我,主格;mine我的,名词性物主代词;me我,宾格。根据“is blue”可知,缺少主语,此处用mine指代my jacket,故选C。
13.— Hi, Jack! Are these ________ shoes?
— No, ________ are under the bed. These must be Lily’s.
A.your; It’s B.my; You C.your; Mine D.mine; Yours
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——嗨,杰克!这些是你的鞋子吗?——不,我的在床底下。这些一定是莉莉的。
考查代词。your你(们)的,形容词性物主代词;my我的,形容词性物主代词;mine我的,名词性物主代词;It’s它是,It is的缩写;You你(们),人称代词;yours你(们)的,名词性物主代词。分析句子结构和选项可知,第一个空应填形容词性物主代词,作定语,修饰名词shoes;第二个空应填名词性物主代词,作主语。 故选C。
14.Mr. Lee teaches us English. We like ________ class very much.
A.her B.his C.its
【答案】B
【详解】句意:李老师教我们英语。我们非常喜欢他的课。
考查形容词性物主代词。her她的;his他的;its它的。根据“Mr. Lee”可知,李老师是男性,用his。故选B。
15.Linda does woodcarving with her father. Her father’s works are fantastic. ________ are also good.
A.She B.Herself C.Her D.Hers
【答案】D
【详解】句意:琳达和她的父亲一起做木雕。她父亲的作品很棒。她的作品也很好。
考查代词辨析。She她;Herself她自己;Her她的,形容词性物主代词;Hers她的,名词性物主代词。根据“Her father’s works are fantastic.”及“are also good”可知,空处应用名词性物主代词指代“琳达的作品”。故选D。
16.Jessica has ________ own bedroom now and ________ is bigger than her brother’s.
A.her; she B.her; hers C.she; hers D.she; she
【答案】B
【详解】句意:杰西卡现在有自己的卧室了,她的(卧室)比她哥哥的大。
考查代词用法。her她的,形容词性物主代词;hers她的,名词性物主代词;she她。根据“Jessica has...own bedroom now”可知,空格处缺少形容词性物主代词,第一空用her;根据“...is bigger than her brother’s”可知,空格处缺少主语,用名词性物主代词,第二空用hers。故选B。
17.—Are those books_______?
—No, they are not mine. They belong to _______.
A.yours; he B.yours; his C.yours; him D.your; he
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——那些书是你的吗?——不,它们不是我的。它们属于他。
考查名词性物主代词和人称代词宾格。yours你的,名词性物主代词;he他,人称代词主格;his他的,物主代词;him他,人称代词宾格;your你的,形容词性物主代词。第一空后没有宾语,所填物主代词具有名词性特点,故填yours;第二空中belong to sb.“属于某人”,此处“to”是介词,后接人称代词宾格,故填him。故选C。
18.—Whose pen is this? Is it ________?
—No. It’s Simon’s.
A.my B.your C.her D.his
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——这是谁的钢笔?它是他的吗?——不,它是Simon的。
考查代词用法。my我的;your你的,你们的;her她,她的;his他的,形容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词。根据“Is it...”可知,空后无名词,需用名词性物主代词his。故选D。
19.—Lucy, is this English book ___________?
—No. ___________ is in my schoolbag.
A.your; Mine B.yours; Mine C.yours; My
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——露西,这本英语书是你的吗?——不。我的在书包里。
考查代词。your你的,是形容词物主代词;yours你的(东西),是名词性物主代词;Mine我的(东西),是名词性物主代词;My我的,是形容词性物主代词。第一空作表语,用名词性物主代词yours;第二空作主语,用名词性物主代词mine。故选B。
20.The red bike is ________. The blue one is ________.
A.my; his B.mine; her C.mine; his
【答案】C
【详解】句意:红蓝色的自行车是我的。蓝色的是他的。
考查名词性物主代词的用法。my我的,形容词性物主代词;his他的,形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词;mine我的,名词性物主代词;her她的,形容词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词后要接名词,名词性物主代词后不接名词。分析句子结构和选项可知,两空都应用名词性物主代词,作表语。故选C。
21.—Is this your tennis racket?
—No, it isn’t. I think it belongs to my sister Mary. ________ has “M” on it.
A.He B.His C.Hers D.Her
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——这是你的网球拍吗?——不,不是。我想它是我妹妹玛丽的。她的(球拍)上面有个“M”。
考查名词性物主代词。He他(主格);His他的(形容词性/名词性物主代词);Hers她的(名词性物主代词);Her她的(形容词性物主代词)。根据“I think it belongs to my sister Mary”可知,此处指代“Mary’s racket”,Mary为女性,用名词性物主代词Hers符合语境。故选C。
二、选词填空
1.We need (two bowls of/two cups of) rice.
【答案】two bowls of
【详解】句意:我们需要两碗米饭。根据“rice”可知,米饭应该使用“碗”作为计量单位。故填two bowls of。
2.There is (a piece of/a bag of) paper on the desk.
【答案】a piece of
【详解】句意:桌子上有一张纸。根据“There is ... paper on the desk.”可知,此处指一张纸,用a piece of“一张”。故填a piece of。
三、单词拼写
1.Let’s buy some (strawberry) to make a birthday cake for mom.
【答案】strawberries
【详解】句意:让我们买一些草莓给妈妈做一个生日蛋糕。根据“some”和“strawberry”可知,此处使用复数名词strawberries。故填strawberries。
2. (wolf) live together in the forest and they like hunting at night.
【答案】Wolves
【详解】句意:狼一起生活在森林里,而且喜欢在晚上猎食。根据“they”可知,此处用wolf的复数形式,且句首首字母要大写。故填Wolves。
3.There are many red (fox) running after a rabbit in the fields.
【答案】foxes
【详解】句意:田野里有许多红色的狐狸在追赶一只兔子。fox“狐狸”,可数名词,many修饰可数名词复数形式,因此用其复数形式foxes。故填foxes。
4.There are twelve (month) in a year, and December is the last one.
【答案】months
【详解】句意:一年有十二个月,十二月是最后一个月。根据“twelve”可知,空处用名词的复数形式。故填months。
5.We all know that the panda is one of China’s s .
【答案】(s)ymbols
【详解】句意:众所周知,熊猫是中国的象征之一。根据“We all know that the panda is one of China’s…”和首字母提示可知,此处指的是熊猫是中国的象征之一。symbol“象征”,可数名词;one of+名词复数,“表示……之一”,所以这里用其复数形式,故填(s)ymbols。
6.Our family have great fun with special (celebrate) on special days.
【答案】celebrations
【详解】句意:在特殊的日子里,我们全家都会举行特别的庆祝活动,玩得很开心。根据“special”可知,空处用名词形式,结合“on special days”可知,不止一项庆祝活动,用名词复数形式celebrations“庆祝活动”。故填celebrations。
7. (草莓) are not only delicious, but also rich in vitamin C.
【答案】Strawberries
【详解】句意:草莓不仅美味,而且富含维生素C。草莓:strawberry,可数名词,作主语;be动词为复数are,此处应用其名词复数形式,且句首首字母大写。故填Strawberries。
8.There are many (顾客) in the market before the Spring Festival.
【答案】customers
【详解】句意:春节前,市场里有许多顾客。根据“many”以及中文提示可知,customer“顾客”,可数名词;many后跟名词复数形式customers。故填customers。
9.Dogs have great (听力).
【答案】hearing
【详解】句意:狗有听力。根据汉语提示可知,空格处需填写单词hearing“听力”,为不可数名词。故填hearing。
10.Students should wear school u all day.
【答案】(u)niforms
【详解】句意:学生应该整天穿校服。根据“Students should wear school u…all day.”可知,学生应该穿校服,uniform“校服”符合题意,此处用其复数表示泛指。故填(u)niforms。
11.On Monday, cats get two special baby ['i:glz] as gifts.
【答案】eagles
【详解】句意:周一,猫咪得到了两只特别的小鹰作为礼物。根据音标提示可知是eagles,意为“鹰”,可数名词复数。故填eagles。
12. (/ˈdʌmplɪŋz/) are a traditional Chinese food.
【答案】Dumplings
【详解】句意:饺子是一种传统的中国食物。根据音标提示可知,此处应该表达饺子是一种传统的中国食物。dumplings,可数名词复数形式,作主语,位于句首,首字母要大写。故填Dumplings。
13.There are two (fox), an elephant and some other animals in the zoo.
【答案】foxes
【详解】句意:动物园里有两只狐狸,一头大象和其他一些动物。fox“狐狸”,是可数名词;根据“two”可知,此处用其复数形式。故填foxes。
14.All the (成员) of the team worked hard and finally won the game.
【答案】members
【详解】句意:所有的队员都很努力,最后赢得了比赛。根据中文提示和“all”可知,此处需要名词复数,members“成员”,符合题意,故填members。
15.In Chinese , the number four is a symbol of bad luck.
【答案】culture
【详解】句意:在中国文化中,数字4是不吉利的象征。根据“the number four is a symbol of bad luck.”可知,此处说的是中国文化,culture意为“文化”,在句中作宾语 ,这里指中国文化这一概念,用单数形式。故填culture。
16.The food gives us e .
【答案】(e)nergy
【详解】句意:食物给我们能量。根据“The food gives us...”和首字母提示并结合常识可知,食物可以给我们能量;energy“能量”,是名词。故填(e)nergy。
17.How many (wolf) are there in the cage?
【答案】wolves
【详解】句意:笼子里有多少只狼?How many后跟可数名词复数,用于询问数量;wolf“狼”,为可数名词,此处用名词复数。故填wolves。
18.There are many strong (branch) on the big tree.
【答案】branches
【详解】句意:大树上有许多粗壮的树枝。many后面接可数名词复数,branch“树枝”,其复数形式为branches。故填branches。
19.Reading helps me improve my writing (技能).
【答案】skills
【详解】句意:阅读有助于我提高写作技能。根据句中“writing”可知,此处需用名词作宾语,表示“技能”应填skill,且“skills”为可数名词复数,表示泛指各种写作技巧。故填skills。
20.These swans have beautiful f . What nice clothes they have!
【答案】(f)eathers
【详解】句意:这些天鹅有美丽的羽毛。他们有多么漂亮的衣服啊!根据“These swans have beautiful”可知,天鹅有美丽的羽毛,“羽毛”feather,可数名词,这里应用可数名词的复数形式feathers。故填(f)eathers。
21.We must follow the traffic r , because they can help us keep safe.
【答案】(r)ules
【详解】句意:我们必须遵守交通规则,因为它们可以帮助我们保持安全。根据“We must follow the traffic …, because they can help us keep safe.”首字母提示可知,此处是指遵守交通规则,应用名词rule表示“规则”,用名词复数形式表示泛指。故填(r)ules。
22. (giraffe) like eating leaves on the tree and grass on the ground.
【答案】Giraffes
【详解】句意:长颈鹿喜欢吃树上的叶子和地上的草。giraffe“长颈鹿”,可数名词,结合语境及该句中的谓语动词like可知,该谓语动词为原形,根据主谓一致原则,应用其对应的名词复数形式表泛指,在句中作主语,且句首首字母大写。故填Giraffes。
23.There will be lots of (butterfly) out this sunny day.
【答案】butterflies
【详解】句意:这个晴天会有很多蝴蝶出来。butterfly“蝴蝶”,可数名词,结合语境及“lots of…”可知,此处应用其对应的名词复数形式表泛指。故填butterflies。
23.You can find a lot of t (游客) there every year.
【答案】(t)ourists
【详解】句意:你每年都能在那里找到很多游客。根据汉语及首字母提示可知,此处为tourist“游客”,a lot of后接可数名词复数形式,tourist的复数形式为tourists。故填(t)ourists。
24.She has lots of wonderful (经历) of travelling abroad.
【答案】experiences
【详解】句意:她有许多出国旅行的奇妙经历。结合汉语提示及“wonderful…of travelling abroad”可知,此处应用可数名词experience“经历”的复数形式,表泛指。故填experiences。
25.On school days, we have to do morning (exercise).
【答案】exercises
【详解】句意:在上学日,我们必须做早操。“do morning exercises”表示“做早操”,这里要用复数形式“exercises”。故填exercises。
26.Though he meets lots of (difficult), he never gives up.
【答案】difficulties
【详解】句意:尽管他遇到很多困难,但从未放弃。根据“Though he meets lots of...he never gives up.”可知,句中“lots of”后接可数名词复数或不可数名词。“difficult”是形容词,其名词形式为“difficulty”,表示“困难的事”时为可数名词。此处表示“很多困难”,应用复数形式“difficulties”。故填difficulties。
27.As t , we need to focus on our study and also care about our health.
【答案】(t)eenagers
【详解】句意:作为青少年,我们需要专注于我们的学习并且关心我们的健康。根据句意可知,空格填入名词,且下文中we代指这个名词;且该名词与“study”和“health”有关,故填名词“teenager”,又因为teenager是可数名词,故这里用复数形式。故填(t)eenagers。
28.What other outdoor (activity) do you know about, boys and girls?
【答案】activities
【详解】句意:孩子们,你们还知道什么其他户外活动吗?根据所给空前other修饰以及所给单词可知,应该填名词activity“活动”的复数activities,表泛指,故填activities。
29.It is tiring to walk up the (台阶) to the top of the tall building.
【答案】steps
【详解】句意:走上台阶到那幢高楼的顶部是件很累的事。step“台阶”,结合常识可知,高楼的台阶应该不止一级,空处应是复数形式,故填steps。
30.The four local (公司) has more than 1,000 workers.
【答案】companies
【详解】句意:这家当地的公司有超过1000名工人。此处需要填入表示“公司”的英文单词,且根据“four”可知名词要用复数形式。故填companies。
31.Our teachers always give us (建议) when we have difficulties.
【答案】suggestions/advice
【详解】句意:当我们遇到困难时,老师总会给我们建议。根据汉语提示,suggestion意为“建议”,可数名词;advice意为“建议”,不可数名词;空前无不定冠词a/an,suggestion应变为复数suggestions。两者均作宾语。故填suggestions/advice。
32.Soft drinks usually have a lot of s .
【答案】(s)ugar
【详解】句意:软饮料通常含有很多糖。根据“Soft drinks usually have a lot of…”以及首字母提示可知,此处说的是含有很多糖,sugar意为“糖”,不可数名词。故填(s)ugar。
33.The birds often put some tree (leaf) on their babies’ beds.
【答案】leaves
【详解】句意:鸟儿们经常把一些树叶放在它们宝宝的床上。根据“some”可知,这里需要用可数名词leaf的复数形式来表示“一些树叶”。leaf的复数形式是leaves,符合语境。故填leaves。
34.I often help my parents do the (餐具) after meals.
【答案】dishes
【详解】句意:我经常在饭后帮父母洗餐具。dish“餐具”,do the dishes“洗餐具”。故填dishes。
35.The town is 20 (mile) away from London.
【答案】miles
【详解】句意:这个镇距离伦敦20英里。mile“英里”,可数名词复数;由“20”可知空白处应填入mile的复数形式miles,作表距离的数量单位。故填miles。
36.I think that we should eat (sandwich) in a healthy way.
【答案】sandwiches
【详解】句意:我认为我们要以一种健康的方式吃三明治。sandwich“三明治”,可数名词,此处用名词复数表示类指,作动词的宾语。故填sandwiches。
37.There are a lot of w (女服务员) in that new restaurant in the street.
【答案】(w)aitresses
【详解】句意:那条街的新餐厅里有很多女服务员。“女服务员”用waitress,可数名词,位于“a lot of”后,用复数的waitresses作主语。故填(w)aitresses。
38.It’s not (他的) book. It’s (他们的).
【答案】 his theirs
【详解】句意:它不是他的书,它是他们的。“他的”his,形容词性物主代词,修饰名词book;“他们的”theirs,名词性物主代词,指“他们的书”。故填his;theirs。
39.My (姐姐) skirt is on the chair. It is nicer than (我的).
【答案】 sister’s mine
【详解】句意:我的姐姐的短裙在椅子上。它比我的更漂亮。根据“My ... skirt is on the chair. It is nicer than ... ”和题干中的汉语可知,第一个空后面加名词,前面可加所有格;第二个空需要填名词性物主代词来指代my skirt。故填sister’s;mine。
40.That basketball belongs to (she). It’s not (I).
【答案】 her mine
【详解】句意:那篮球是她的,不是我的。belong to后面接宾格,she的宾格是her;It’s not后面要用名词性物主代词,I的名词性物主代词是mine。故填her;mine。
41.Is this Peter’s ping-pang bat? Yes, it’s . (he)
【答案】his
【详解】句意:这是彼得的乒乓球拍吗?是的,这是他的。此处是指他的乒乓球,所以用名词性物主代词his。故填his。
42.This is not (I) kite. (I) is on the wall.
【答案】 my Mine
【详解】句意:这不是我的风筝。我的风筝在墙上。第一空kite“风筝”,名词,故之前需用形容词物主代词,I的形容词物主代词是my,第二空缺主语指的是“我的风筝”的意思,需用名词性物主代词,I的名词性物主代词是mine。故填my;Mine。
43.The green skateboard is Mike’s. And the yellow one is (my).
【答案】mine
【详解】句意:绿色的滑板是迈克的。黄色的是我的。根据题干可知,空后无名词,因此需要使用名词性物主代词来代替“my skateboard”,表示“我的(滑板)”。故填mine。
44.These are (he) (brother) books. (he) likes reading very much.
【答案】 his brother’s He
【详解】句意:这些是他的哥哥的书。他非常喜欢阅读。第一空修饰名词短语brother’s books用he的形容词性物主代词his“他的”;第二空修饰名词books用名词所有格形式brother’s,第三空作主语,用人称代词主格形式he,句首字母大写。故填his;brother’s;He。
45.His cake is three times bigger than (I).
【答案】mine
【详解】句意:他的蛋糕比我的大三倍。根据“His cake is three times bigger than…(I).”可知,此处是比较他的蛋糕和我的蛋糕,空后没有名词,应用I的名词性物主代词mine表示“我的”。故填mine。
46.These are not our rackets, but (their).
【答案】theirs
【详解】句意:这些不是我们的球拍,而是他们的。空处表示“他们的球拍”,后面无名词,应用名词性物主代词。故填theirs。
47.This is not Lucy’s bike. (she) is the red one under the tree.
【答案】Hers
【详解】句意:这不是露西的自行车。她的是树下那辆红色的。根据“This is not Lucy's bike....(she) is the red one under the tree.”可知,此处需要表达“她的自行车”。she是人称代词主格,而此处空格后没有名词,需要用名词性物主代词来表示“某人的……” ,“she”对应的名词性物主代词是“hers”,相当于“her bike”,句首字母要大写。故填Hers。
48.The young girl is a friend of (they).
【答案】theirs
【详解】句意:那年轻姑娘是他们的朋友。此处表示“他们的朋友中的一位”a friend of their friends,这里的their friends可以用theirs代替,为双重所有格结构,故填theirs。
49.The baseball glove is not yours. It’s (he).
【答案】his
【详解】句意:这个棒球手套不是你的,是他的。根据“The baseball glove is not yours”和提示词可知,此处指是他的棒球手套。空后无名词,用名词性物主代词。he“他”,主格,名词性物主代词为his。故填his。
四、完成句子
1.Let’s order beef and tomato noodles. (改为同义句)
Let’s order noodles with and .
【答案】 beef tomatoes
【详解】句意:我们点牛肉西红柿面吧。原句中“beef and tomato noodles”意为“牛肉西红柿面”,“beef and tomato”作定语,修饰名词“noodles”;可以改为介词短语“with beef and tomatoes”作后置定语,修饰名词“noodles”,其中beef为不可数名词,tomato为可数名词,这里应用其复数形式tomatoes表泛指。故填beef;tomatoes。
2.The wolf is very scary. (改为复数句)
The very scary.
【答案】 wolves are
【详解】句意:狼非常可怕。改为复数句,wolf需改为复数wolves;is改为are。故填wolves;are。
3.I’d like a cup of coffee.(变为复数句)
We’d like some of .
【答案】 cups coffee
【详解】句意:我想要一杯咖啡。cup的复数是cups;coffee是不可数名词,故填cups;coffee。
4.The book belongs to her.(同义句)
The book .
【答案】 is hers
【详解】句意:这本书属于她。即“这本书是她的”,句子用一般现在时,主语是the book,be动词用is,表语是名词性物主代词hers“她的”。故填is;hers。
5.This book belongs to her. (变为同义句)
=This book .
=This book.
【答案】 is hers is her
【详解】句意:这本书属于她。该句还可以表达为“这本书是她的”或者“这是她的书”;hers她的,名词性物主代词,her她的,形容词性物主代词。This book is hers“这本书是她的”;This is her book“这是她的书”,故填is;hers;is;her。
6.That is my baseball glove. (改为同义句)
That baseball glove .
【答案】 is mine
【详解】句意:那是我的棒球手套。根据原句的意思,使用名词性物主代词“mine”替代“my baseball glove”,同时“is”作为系动词与“mine”搭配,保持句子的意思不变。故填is;mine。
7.I’m afraid this is her umbrella.
I’m afraid this umbrella .
【答案】 is hers
【详解】句意:恐怕这是她的雨伞。改为同义句,恐怕这个伞是她的伞,需用名词性物主代词hers,主语是单数,be动词用is,故是is hers。故填is;hers。
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10 名词的数+物主代词 核心语法 原卷版
物主代词
形容词性物主代词( my “我的”、your “你的,你们的”、his“他的”、her“她的”、its“它的”、our“我们的”、their“他们的”)起形容词的作用,用在名词前。
名词性物主代词( mine“我的”、hers“她的”、yours“你的,你们的”、his“他的”、its“它的”、 ours “我们的”、 theirs 他们的”)=形容词性物主代词+名词,为避免重复使用名词,有时可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形式。
名词
在英语中,名词分为可数名词和不可数名词,它们在语法上有不同的使用规则:
一、可数名词
1. 形式:可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,通常需要与不定冠词(a, an)或定冠词(the)一起使用。例如:a book, an apple, the dogs
2.量词:可数名词可以用具体的数量词来修饰。例如:one book, two apples, three dogs
3.复数变化规则:
①大多数可数名词的复数形式是在词尾直接加 S 。例如:car-cars, book-books, day-days。
②以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词加 es :例如:bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes。
③以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为 i 再加-es:例如:baby-babies, country-countries, family-families。
④以f或fe结尾的词变f或fe为 v 再加-es:例如:knife-knives, leaf-leaves。
⑤以o结尾的词:
无生命的名词或外来词加-s:radio-radios, photo-photos。
有生命的名词加-es:potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes。
⑥不规则变化:
元音字母变化:例如:man-men, woman-women, tooth-teeth。
单复数同形:例如:sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese。
其他形式:例如:mouse-mice, child-children。
二、不可数名词
4.形式:不可数名词通常没有复数形式,总是以单数形式出现,不可数名词前通常不使用不定冠词,但可以使用定冠词。例如:water(不可数),the water(特指的水)
5.量词:不可数名词不能用具体的数量词来修饰,但可以用一些量词,如some, any, much, little等。也可以使用“量词+of+名词”的结构,例如:a glass of water, two pieces of luggage。
6.不定冠词:不可数名词前通常不使用不定冠词,但在某些情况下可以用来表示“一种,一份”等含义。例如:a coffee(在咖啡馆中点单时)
小试牛刀
一、单项选择
1.My mother buys ________ every month.
A.three boxes of egg B.three box of eggs
C.three boxes of eggs D.three box of egg
2.—What kind of dumplings would you like, Linda?
—I’d like ________ and ________ dumplings.
A.chicken; cabbage B.chicken; cabbages C.chickens; cabbages D.chickens; cabbage
3.The ________ dentists are helping people with their ________ problems.
A.man; tooth B.man; teeth C.men; tooth D.men; teeth
4.I’d like some ________ and two cups of ________.
A.bread; coffees B.breads; coffee C.bread; coffee
5.—What would you like to order, Tony?
—I’d like ________ and some ________.
A.chicken soup; potato B.chicken soup; potatoes C.chickens soup; potatoes D.chickens soup; potato
6.— How much juice does your mother usually buy?
— She usually buys ________ juice.
A.three bottle of B.three bottles of C.one bottle
7.—What would you like to drink?
—I’d like ________ please.
A.two bottles of oranges B.two bottle of oranges C.two bottles of orange
8.—Whose bike is this? Don’t put it here.
— Oh, it’s not mine. It’s ________.
A.her B.she C.hers D.herself
9.— There is a ping-pong bat on the chair. Is it __________?
— No, it isn’t __________. I think it is Teng Fei’s.
A.yours; mine B.you; me C.me; yours D.mine; your
10.My dream is to become a scientist. What is ________?
A.you B.your C.yours D.yourself
11.—There is a cup on the table. Do you know whose it is?
—Yes, it’s________. I drink from it every day.
A.hers B.mine C.yours
12.—Is this your jacket?
—No, it isn’t. ________ is blue.
A.My B.I C.Mine D.Me
13.— Hi, Jack! Are these ________ shoes?
— No, ________ are under the bed. These must be Lily’s.
A.your; It’s B.my; You C.your; Mine D.mine; Yours
14.Mr. Lee teaches us English. We like ________ class very much.
A.her B.his C.its
15.Linda does woodcarving with her father. Her father’s works are fantastic. ________ are also good.
A.She B.Herself C.Her D.Hers
16.Jessica has ________ own bedroom now and ________ is bigger than her brother’s.
A.her; she B.her; hers C.she; hers D.she; she
17.—Are those books_______?
—No, they are not mine. They belong to _______.
A.yours; he B.yours; his C.yours; him D.your; he
18.—Whose pen is this? Is it ________?
—No. It’s Simon’s.
A.my B.your C.her D.his
19.—Lucy, is this English book ___________?
—No. ___________ is in my schoolbag.
A.your; Mine B.yours; Mine C.yours; My
20.The red bike is ________. The blue one is ________.
A.my; his B.mine; her C.mine; his
21.—Is this your tennis racket?
—No, it isn’t. I think it belongs to my sister Mary. ________ has “M” on it.
A.He B.His C.Hers D.Her
二、选词填空
1.We need (two bowls of/two cups of) rice.
2.There is (a piece of/a bag of) paper on the desk.
三、单词拼写
1.Let’s buy some (strawberry) to make a birthday cake for mom.
2. (wolf) live together in the forest and they like hunting at night.
3.There are many red (fox) running after a rabbit in the fields.
4.There are twelve (month) in a year, and December is the last one.
5.We all know that the panda is one of China’s s .
6.Our family have great fun with special (celebrate) on special days.
7. (草莓) are not only delicious, but also rich in vitamin C.
8.There are many (顾客) in the market before the Spring Festival.
9.Dogs have great (听力).
10.Students should wear school u all day.
11.On Monday, cats get two special baby ['i:glz] as gifts.
12. (/ˈdʌmplɪŋz/) are a traditional Chinese food.
13.There are two (fox), an elephant and some other animals in the zoo.
14.All the (成员) of the team worked hard and finally won the game.
15.In Chinese , the number four is a symbol of bad luck.
16.The food gives us e .
17.How many (wolf) are there in the cage?
18.There are many strong (branch) on the big tree.
19.Reading helps me improve my writing (技能).
20.These swans have beautiful f . What nice clothes they have!
21.We must follow the traffic r , because they can help us keep safe.
22. (giraffe) like eating leaves on the tree and grass on the ground.
23.There will be lots of (butterfly) out this sunny day.
23.You can find a lot of t (游客) there every year.
24.She has lots of wonderful (经历) of travelling abroad.
25.On school days, we have to do morning (exercise).
26.Though he meets lots of (difficult), he never gives up.
27.As t , we need to focus on our study and also care about our health.
28.What other outdoor (activity) do you know about, boys and girls?
29.It is tiring to walk up the (台阶) to the top of the tall building.
30.The four local (公司) has more than 1,000 workers.
31.Our teachers always give us (建议) when we have difficulties.
32.Soft drinks usually have a lot of s .
33.The birds often put some tree (leaf) on their babies’ beds.
34.I often help my parents do the (餐具) after meals.
35.The town is 20 (mile) away from London.
36.I think that we should eat (sandwich) in a healthy way.
37.There are a lot of w (女服务员) in that new restaurant in the street.
38.It’s not (他的) book. It’s (他们的).
39.My (姐姐) skirt is on the chair. It is nicer than (我的).
40.That basketball belongs to (she). It’s not (I).
41.Is this Peter’s ping-pang bat? Yes, it’s . (he)
42.This is not (I) kite. (I) is on the wall.
43.The green skateboard is Mike’s. And the yellow one is (my).
44.These are (he) (brother) books. (he) likes reading very much.
45.His cake is three times bigger than (I).
46.These are not our rackets, but (their).
47.This is not Lucy’s bike. (she) is the red one under the tree.
48.The young girl is a friend of (they).
49.The baseball glove is not yours. It’s (he).
四、完成句子
1.Let’s order beef and tomato noodles. (改为同义句)
Let’s order noodles with and .
2.The wolf is very scary. (改为复数句)
The very scary.
3.I’d like a cup of coffee.(变为复数句)
We’d like some of .
4.The book belongs to her.(同义句)
The book .
5.This book belongs to her. (变为同义句)
=This book .
=This book.
6.That is my baseball glove. (改为同义句)
That baseball glove .
7.I’m afraid this is her umbrella.
I’m afraid this umbrella .
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