专题03限制性定语从句(考点串讲)-2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末考点大串讲(人教版2019)

专题03限制性定语从句 2024-2025学年高一下英语期末考点大串讲 目 录 CONTENT 教材知识串讲 关系代词+限制性定语从句串讲 关系副词+限制性定语从句串讲 2 3 3 1 5 典例分析 3 4 cut down PART 01 一、教材知识串讲 关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。如“who”指人，“that”可指人或物，“which”指物，“whose”表所属关系。例如：“The man who/that is talking with your mother is my uncle.”“The book that/which was on the desk is mine.”这些用法在人教版2019必修二Unit 1中多次出现，帮助学生理解关系代词的基本功能。 02 名词短语 关系代词基本用法 特殊情况下关系代词的使用。如先行词被序数词、最高级修饰时，通常用“that”；先行词既有人又有物时，也用“that”；而“which”常用于介词后。例如：“This is the first English novel that I read.”“The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.”必修三Unit 2中类似例句帮助学生掌握关系代词的辨析要点。 关系代词的辨析 03 关系代词作主语时，谓语动词与先行词保持一致；“one of”结构作先行词时，谓语动词形式有变化。例如：“Those who are over 45 years old won’t be permitted to go into the hall.”“This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.”这些内容在教材中反复出现，强化学生对定语从句使用规则的理解。 注意事项 01 01 01 关系副词“when”“where”“why”分别用于表示时间、地点、原因的先行词后，在从句中作状语。如：“I still remember the time when I first became a college student.”“This is the hotel where they are staying.”“This is the reason why he leaves so soon.”必修二Unit 3中相关例句帮助学生掌握关系副词的基本用法。 关系副词基本用法 02 在某些情况下，关系副词可以转化为“介词+关系代词”的形式，但需注意先行词的指代对象。例如：“I have forgotten the exact date when (＝on which) this country became independent.”“This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking.”必修三Unit 1中类似例句让学生理解这种转化关系。 关系副词与关系代词的转化 03 对于一些特殊的先行词，如“time”“day”“house”“place”“reason”等，需根据具体情况选择合适的引导词。如：“I'll never forget the days when we worked together.”“I'll never forget the days (which/that) we spent together last summer.”教材中的这些例句帮助学生灵活运用定语从句的引导词。 特殊先行词的定语从句引导词选择 关系副词引导的限制性定语从句 cut down PART 02 二、关系代词+限制性定语从句串讲 01 关系代词考点 根据先行词的指代对象（人或物）及在从句中的成分（主语、宾语、表语、定语）选择合适的关系代词。如先行词是人且在从句中作宾语，可用“who”“whom”或“that”；先行词是物且在从句中作主语，可用“that”或“which”。例如：“The man whom/that I met yesterday is my teacher.”“The book that/which I bought is very interesting.” 关系代词的选用 当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，可省略。例如：“The man I met yesterday is my teacher.”“The book I bought is very interesting.”但需注意，当关系代词在从句中作主语或定语时，不能省略。 关系代词的省略 “whose”表所属关系，可指人或物；“that”在某些特殊情况下（如先行词被序数词、最高级修饰等）的特殊用法。例如：“I prefer the room whose windows face south.”“This is the only thing that we can do now.” 关系代词的特殊用法 系动词分类 02 关系代词的辨析 1）只能用that，不能用 which的情况 1．先行词是 all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词或先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰。 All the people that come from the country work much harder. 所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。 2．先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、the only，the very，the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不用 which。 The first English novel that I read was Cities. 我读的第一本英文小说是《城市》。 This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. 这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。 系动词分类 3．先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用that，不用 which。 The foreign visitors spoke highly of the pioneers and their performances that they saw at the Children's Palace. 外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演。 4．句中其他位置已出现 which，为避免重复，不用 which而用that引导限定性定语从句。 Which is the car that has overtaken us?超过我们的是哪辆车？ ①这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。 This is the most beautiful park that I have visited. ②我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。 We often talk about the persons and things that we remember. 系动词分类 2．先行词为“those＋表事物的复数名词”时，关系代词通常只用 which而不用that。 A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published.书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。 3．当先行词指物，关系词在句中作主语或宾语，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词只能用 which，而不用that。 ①The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop. ②Have you ever read the book, which was written by a young girl? 3)只用who/whom，不能用that的情况 先行词指人，关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，只能用whom引导，且不可省略。 This is the voluntary teacher from whom we’ve learned a lot.这就是我们从他那里学到了很多知识的支教老师。 系动词分类 三、使用定语从句的注意事项 1．关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的人称和数保持一致。 Those who are over 45 years old won’t be permitted to go into the hall. 超过45岁的人不允许进入大厅。 [温馨提示] “one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“the only one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。 This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens. 这是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的书的其中一本。 He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned to play golf. 他是我们班里唯一一个学过打高尔夫球的男孩。 2．为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。 cut down PART 03 三、关系副词+限制性定语从句串讲 系动词分类 01 关系副词考点 根据先行词的指代对象（时间、地点、原因）及在从句中的成分（状语）选择合适的关系副词。如先行词是表示时间的名词，且在从句中作时间状语，用“when”；先行词是表示地点的名词，且在从句中作地点状语，用“where”。例如：“I still remember the time when I first became a college student.”“This is the hotel where they are staying.” 关系副词的选用 在“介词+关系代词”结构中，关系代词可用“which”代替关系副词。例如：“I have forgotten the exact date when (＝on which) this country became independent.”但需注意，这种转化不能改变句子的原意。 关系副词与关系代词的转化 对于一些特殊的先行词，如“time”“day”“house”“place”“reason”等，需根据具体情况选择合适的引导词。如先行词是“reason”，且在从句中作原因状语，用“why”或“for which”。例如：“This is the reason why (＝for which) he leaves so soon.” 特殊先行词的定语从句引导词选择 1. 关系副词when引导的定语从句 先行词应是表示时间的名词, 如time, day, hour, year等。关系副词在从句中作时间状语。 We have entered into an age when dreams have the best chance of coming true. 我们已经进入了一个时代, 在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。 (2)when可以转化成“介词＋which”的形式。 I have forgotten the exact date when (＝on which) this country became independent.我忘记这个国家独立的确切日期了。 01 关系副词引导的定语从句 14 (3)当先行词表示时间，且关系词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，不能用when，而要用关系代词that 或 which引导定语从句(作宾语时关系词可省略)。 2．where引导的定语从句 (1)当先行词是表示地点的名词(如place，room，mountain等)且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句要用where引导。 This is the hotel where (＝in which) they are staying.这就是他们住的旅馆。 (2)where可以转化成“介词＋which”的形式。 This is the hotel where (＝in which) they are staying.这就是他们住的旅馆。 15 (3)当先行词是表示地点的名词，且关系词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，用关系代词that或which引导定语从句(作宾语时关系词可省略)。 (4)如果先行词为表示抽象地点的名词(如case，state，condition，position，point，situation等)，且定语从句中成分完整时，用关系副词where引导。 We have reached a point where a change is needed.我们到了必须改一改的地步。 It puts me in a position where I can't afford to take the job.这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。 16 3．why引导的定语从句 (1)当先行词是表示原因的名词reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句要用why引导。 (2)可以用for which来代替why。 This is the reason why (＝for which) he leaves so soon.这就是他匆匆离去的原因。 [名师点津]　(1)有时为了表达得更清楚，可以在关系副词where/when前加上介词to，from等。 17 (2)对一些特殊的先行词如time，day，house，place，reason等要注意具体情况具体分析，作主语、宾语和表语可用that/which引导定语从句，作状语可用when/where/why等或“介词＋which”引导定语从句。 I'll never forget the days when we worked together.我永远不会忘记我们在一起工作的日子。(作状语) I'll never forget the days (which/that) we spent together last summer.我永远不会忘记我们去年夏天一起度过的日子。(作宾语) 18 cut down PART 04 五、典例分析 位语 一 用适当的关系词填空 1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)One afternoon when I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. 2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ改编)They were well trained by their masters who/that had great experience with caring for these animals. 3．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment that/which is created for them. 4．(2019·北京卷)The students benefiting most from college are those who/that are totally engaged(参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources(资源). 5．(2019·天津卷)Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences. 6．She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit. 7．Kate, whose sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. 8．Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, which is not good for the health. 9．As is known to us, unity is strength. No matter what difficulties we meet, we can get over them. 10．The reason why he failed the English exam was that he didn't learn it well. 位语 二 用定语从句合并句子 1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist. His paintings were almost lifelike. In__ancient__China__lived__an__artist____whose____paintings__were__almost__lifelike. 2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield. She opened the shop with her late husband Les. Now__Irene__Astbury__works__from__9__am__to__5__pm__daily__at__the__pet__shop__in__Macclesfield,____which____she__opened__with__her__late__husband__Les. 3．(2019·浙江卷6月)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth. The cloth gives off light in the dark. On__the__edge__of__the__jacket,__there__is__a__piece__of__cloth____that/which__gives__off__light__in__the__dark. 4．We all know it.Our private property, like houses, cars, and so on, is protected by law. As__we__all__know,__our__private__property,__like__houses,__cars,__and__so__on,__is__protected__by__law. 5．(2019·江苏卷)We have entered into an age. In this age, dreams have the best chance of coming true. We__have__entered__into__an__age____when____dreams__have__the__best__chance__of__coming__true. 谢谢大家！ $$