精品解析：北京市第二中学2024-2025学年高一下学期学段五英语试题

2024北京二中高一（下）学段五 英语 一、语音知识（共10小题；每小题0.5分，共5分） 请选出下列各组单词中下划线部分的发音与其他单词不相同的一个单词。 1. A. decoration B. freedom C. competition D. occasion 2. A. congratulation B. costume C. virtue D. fortune 3. A. represent B. overseas C. physician D. wrestle 4. A. carnival B. financial C. diagram D. minority 5. A. autonomous B. occur C. historical D. origin 6. A. gratitude B. atmosphere C. pregnant D. absolute 7. A. tuition B. lunar C. absolutely D. flute 8. A. archery B. branch C. church D. scholarship 9. A. graffiti B. material C. indicate D. climate 10. A. mashed B. limped C. replaced D. folded 二、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When I was a junior in high school, I was nominated (提名) to run for vice president of the Student Council at the start of our senior year. I turned it down because of the responsibilities of this position. But I ___11___ to run for court clerk instead, as I knew that being court clerk wouldn’t be difficult. When the election came, I ___12___. Indeed, over the whole year that followed, the only thing my new position brought was a sense of ___13___, just as I had hoped. Then towards the end of the year, all the council members took turns to talk about their experiences in their positions in the final assembly (集会) of the year. I thought I was last in terms of importance, the ___14___ position on the council. So when talking about my job, I said that the court clerk didn’t do anything; since there was no court, it didn’t matter who they voted for. I thought I was being ___15___ and cool. As I exited, however, I was ___16___ by an angry Mr. Roberge, the Student Council advisor. He took me aside and criticized me, using whatever ___17___ words he could think of. I can’t exactly remember what he said. But I was forced to realize I had developed the disease of not caring, and the cancer of a lack of ___18___. I cannot say Mr. Roberge ___19___ me then and there. But since that day I have been much more aware of my struggles to be respectful for people and for myself. Mr. Roberge changed the ____20____ of my life by maybe a few centimeters. But that difference has accumulated over time, and I am not the person I would have been. 11. A. continued B. agreed C. hesitated D. failed 12. A. won B. voted C. withdrew D. panicked 13. A. freedom B. achievement C. lightness D. security 14. A. coolest B. hardest C. best D. lowest 15. A. truthful B. respectful C. smart D. humble 16. A. disturbed B. punished C. doubted D. stopped 17. A. sharp B. abstract C. confusing D. discouraging 18. A. self-control B. self-acceptance C. self-respect D. self-discipline 19. A. comforted B. cured C. impressed D. inspired 20. A. goal B. value C. pace D. course 三、阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。（共14小题；每小题2分, 共28分） A We need people like you, who understand the power of science, to fund the research that will change lives in the future. By donating to the Medical Research Foundation (MRF), you’ll be funding the research that future generations will depend on. MRF is an independent charity, focused solely on funding quality medical research. With close links to the Medical Research Council (MRC), we’re able to choose the most impactful studies and adapt quickly to meet any emerging health crisis, thanks to the support of people like you. Your gift can support some of the brightest scientific minds. Many of these scientists are at the beginning of their careers, when funding is hardest to secure. Your support at this critical time can provide the springboard that a scientist needs to drive their research and career forward, ensuring they can continue to make life-changing discoveries. MRF has supported researchers tackling pressing challenges like the Bird Flu, as well as vital areas of research that are often overlooked by other funders, ensuring we fill the gaps in our medical knowledge and protect the future of human health. As someone interested in science, you will understand that while no one can predict what we will face next, we can be certain that it is only through ambitious, high-quality medical research that we will meet whatever new challenges come our way. By leaving a donation, you can have a lasting impact on science and on the future of human health. 21. What does the MRF mainly do? A. Provide service for the MRC. B. Predict emerging health crisis. C. Fund quality medical research. D. Donate to people interested in science. 22. By leaving a donation, you can ______. A. fill the gaps in medical knowledge B. tackle the future pressing challenges C. choose the most impactful medical studies D. support some of the brightest scientific minds 23. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To raise medical research funds. B. To introduce the impact by donation. C. To analyse the health crisis in the future. D. To employ people devoted to medical research. B We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal. This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age. Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger. What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid? Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that. Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites. There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province. Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet. 24. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2? A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me. C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me. 25. What does the author think of himself? A. Digitally competent. B. Physically attractive. C. Financially independent. D. Socially ambitious. 26. What can we learn about the author as a journalist? A. He lacks experience in his job. B. He seldom appears on television. C. He manages a video department. D. He often interviews internet stars. C In recent years, a lot of “business thinking” books have been published, all of which search for new answers on how to run organizations effectively. Obliquity tells us that the most profitable companies are not the most aggressive in chasing profits. Wikinomics demonstrates new models of production based on community and collaboration. Peter Miller’s new book, Smart Swarm, however, challenge leaders to think differently. He studied creatures, like bees and ants and he found their habits, actions and instincts can be applied to business. Miller believes his book is the first time anyone has explained the science behind management theory. “The examples of how ant colonies (蚁群) or beehives (蜂窝) work are appealing models for organizations and systems that can be applied in a business context,” he says. So how exactly can bees help run organizations? “By the way they work independently before they work together,” Miller says. “Picture a huge beehive hanging on a tree, with about 5,000 bees competing for space. They know their population is getting too big, leaving them unsafe. They must all agree to find a new home. In today’s business environment, managers need to be able to make the right decisions under intense pressure. Yet, it is clear that some of the best-paid leaders in some of the biggest organizations can get it dramatically wrong. How is it that they can fail to make efficient business decisions when a large group of bees can make a critical decision about their hive in just a few seconds?” According to Miller, “swarm theory” can help managers in three simple steps: discover, test and evaluate. The bees first realize they have a problem. They then fly into the neighborhood to find potential new sites. They come back and perform a “dance” to get other bees to follow them. Eventually, the bees with the best dance attract the most votes – and a decision is made. Miller says. “The bee example tells you that you need to seek out diversity in your team. You need to have a way of gathering up quite different ideas so you can make sure you pick the right one.” Ants, in addition, can help businesses organize workflow and people. In an ant colony, there is no leader. Ants are self-organized, and respond to their environment and each other. One ant on its own could not raid (袭击) a kitchen cupboard, but one ant telling the next one that it’s worth following him to find food ends up creating a food chain. “In an ant colony, you get the right number going in and out searching for food, you get the right number taking care of the babies,” Miller says. “As a manager, this can tell you that your hierarchy (等级制度) is getting in the way of getting the work done.” 27. Miller believes his book differs from other “business thinking” books because ________. A. it focuses on maximizing profits B. it supports the theory with evidence C. it corrects faults in similar books D. it justifies the previous theory 28. In the second paragraph the author indicates that the behavior of bees can show managers how to ________. A. make up for wrongly made decisions B. justify exactly what the real problem is C. draw the correct conclusions quickly D. keep the team safe under great pressure 29. According to the “swarm theory”, managers need to ________. A. regard decision-making as a cooperative process B. persuade others to follow your ways of thinking C. accept different ideas and keep them balanced D. pick out a right person to make the final decision 30 Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Leadership skills can be developed through practical work. B. Employees work more efficiently when organized by leaders. C. Strengthened hierarchy is the guarantee of work efficiency. D. Employees should be allowed to make their own decisions. D Is forgiveness against our human nature? To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity? For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views of humanity. The first view involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them. The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony? From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. As an important note, when we take a Classical philosophical perspective, that of Aristotle, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual appropriation in conflict situations, develops with practice. 31. What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness? A. People should offer mercy to others. B. Aggressive people should learn to forgive. C. Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity. D. People who forgive can have their own welfare affected. 32. What does the example in paragraph 2 illustrate? A. To forgive is to love. B. To dominate is to harm. C. To fight is to grow. D. To give is to receive. 33. What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness? A. Favorable. B. Reserved. C. Objective. D. Skeptical. 34. What is message of the last paragraph? A. Forgiveness is in our nature. B. Forgiveness grows with time. C. It takes practice to forgive. D. Actuality is based on potentiality. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Maybe you’ve noticed it in the comments section of popular social media posts about anxiety, depression or things alike, with a number of people claiming to pick these labels for themselves. These days, labeling is everywhere. ____35____ However, the negative part is that it’s easy for someone to identify with the characteristics without truly recognizing the context in which these characteristics would require diagnosis, according to Charlotte Armitage, a registered integrative psychotherapist and psychologist. “I think that social media has a lot to answer for, as there are many videos online with people describing traits of certain disorders,” she notes. If you have done your research and genuinely feel that you have some form of mental health concern, then finally having a name for your behaviors can be great. ___36___But the risk is that many people will seek labels and intervention for any behavior, pattern or emotion that is outside of the permanent happy group that society has set as the norm. “ ____37____ Then the saying ‘a little bit of knowledge is dangerous’ springs to my mind,” Armitage adds. ____38____ “Children are still developing and evolving, and many childhood behavioral features may seem like those of a disorder when there’re other potential explanations for that behavior,” Armitage notes. Ideally, a diagnosis for a child should be carried out by a qualified mental health professional. So it is with an adult. When that doesn’t happen, Armitage says it can lead to the individual feeling flawed and act as a hindrance to recovery. Nevertheless, the most important thing to bear in mind is that diagnosis doesn’t mean to indicate that you are broken or less capable. ____39____ And if you go deeper, it can alert you to the fact that you are not alone, and that many people experience life in the same way as you do. How you go about getting that diagnosis is really up to you. A. Labeling poses even more of a problem when it comes to kids. B It can be helpful for those not quite able to understand why they feel the way they do. C. There seems to be a desire to see negative emotions as something requiring intervention or diagnosis. D. Labeling leads to children’s overcoming their addiction to what is posted online. E. Someone has had only a certain experience and judges all behavior with that experience. F. The basic function of a diagnosis is to give you a name for those behaviors once felt unusual. G. Seeing content that reflects your experiences online can be a comfort as well. 四、语法填空 A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 On Dec. 26, Gelinne was gazing out the windows of his home when he saw a small aircraft skidded (滑行) to a stop on the broad, frozen river, far from shore. So he pulled a kayak out and got the boat across the ice. It was ___40___ (tire) work. When Gelinne reached the plane, it had broken through the ice and sunk; the pilot was standing on a tail wing, surrounded by open water. Gelinne knew he had to get the pilot out of the water ___41___ the man lost too much body heat. Luckily, a police officer also arrived in time, ___42___ (radio) for help. Soon a rescue team picked up the pilot and took him to safety. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 This wealth of ways of sharing is a response to our increasing demand for quality goods and services ___43___ competitive prices, all delivered at the click of a button. ___44___ it’s an online shop for people to hire designer clothes or a platform to rent out our flats for a couple of days, it’s out there. For both a lender and a borrower, it’s a win-win situation ___45___ everyone makes or saves money. We also make connections and sometimes even make new friends. What’s more, sharing encourages us to reuse items, thereby ___46___(cut) down on waste. And set-ups such as bike and car sharing do a further favour for the environment by reducing the number of polluting vehicles on the road. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra to benefit from price reductions doesn’t make sense. Shops are not charities. They price goods in the way that will make them the most money. But that leaves the solo (单独的) customers out of pocket and ___47___ (disappoint). Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because consumers prefer money off individual items. However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ___48___ (offer) in smaller packs. If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ___49___ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, the other stays fresh. 五、阅读表达（共3小题，第1、2题各2分，第3小题5分，共9分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 The capacity for empathy — to first identify and then understand and share in someone else’s feelings — is largely held as a virtue. Yet, there is a knowledge problem that makes being naturally empathetic a struggle. Why? As poet John Keats put it, “Nothing ever becomes real until it is experienced.” So how can someone else’s perspective and emotions ever become real enough for us to develop empathy? Reading fiction may provide an answer Studies show that when you read fiction, it not only activates the language processing center of the brain but also increases global flow in the brain. It speeds up the part involved in physical movement and areas of the brain linked to sensory experiences. In other words, reading fiction lights up the brain in ways that copy the neural (神经) activities of the experience you’re reading about. For example, if you read a well-written passage about a character hiking through the wilderness, your brain reacts as if you’re on that hike. To really cultivate empathy, you need to be internally more aware of and connected to those around you. And again, reading fiction is associated with just such a skill. One study, which assesses one’s ability to determine someone else’s emotions based on their facial expression alone, showed that fiction readers scored higher than non-readers and readers of nonfiction. The researchers assumed that reading fiction allows people to practice taking on someone else’s perspective and thus improves their social awareness. This suggests that reading fiction improves one’s theory of mind and emotional intelligence. The takeaway lesson is simple: if you want to build empathy, try reading more fiction, more often — especially fiction by and about people whose experiences are different from your own. 50. What does the author think can help develop empathy? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 51. What kind of fiction does the author advise us to read? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 52. Besides what is mentioned in the passage, how does reading fiction benefit you? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024北京二中高一（下）学段五 英语 一、语音知识（共10小题；每小题0.5分，共5分） 请选出下列各组单词中下划线部分的发音与其他单词不相同的一个单词。 1. A. decoration B. freedom C. competition D. occasion 2. A. congratulation B. costume C. virtue D. fortune 3. A. represent B. overseas C. physician D. wrestle 4. A. carnival B. financial C. diagram D. minority 5. A. autonomous B. occur C. historical D. origin 6. A. gratitude B. atmosphere C. pregnant D. absolute 7. A. tuition B. lunar C. absolutely D. flute 8. A. archery B. branch C. church D. scholarship 9. A. graffiti B. material C. indicate D. climate 10. A. mashed B. limped C. replaced D. folded 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. D 【解析】 【1题详解】 competitionˌ/kɒmpəˈtɪʃ(ə)n/。C选项划线字母的发音为/ɒ/,其它词划线部分为/ə/。故选C。 【2题详解】 costume/ˈkɒstjuːm/。 B选项划线字母的发音为/t/，其它词划线部分为/tʃ/。故选B。 【3题详解】 wrestle/ˈres(ə)l/。D选项划线字母的发音为/s/，其它词划线部分为/z/。故选D。 【4题详解】 carnival/ˈkɑːnɪv(ə)l/。A选项划线字母的发音为/ɪ/，其它词划线部分为/aɪ/。故选A。 【5题详解】 occur/əˈkɜː(r)/。B选项划线字母的发音为/ə/，其它词划线部分为/ɒ/。故选B。 【6题详解】 pregnant/ˈpreɡnənt/。C项划线字母的发音为/ə/，其它词划线部分为/æ/。故选 C。 【7题详解】 tuition/tjuˈɪʃ(ə)n/。A项划线字母的发音为/ju/，其它词划线部分为/uː/。故选A。 【8题详解】 scholarship/ˈskɒləʃɪp/。D项划线字母的发音为/k/，其它词划线部分为/tʃ/。故选D。 【9题详解】 indicate/ˈɪndɪkeɪt/。C选项划线字母的发音为/eɪ/，其它词划线部分为/ə/。故选C。 【10题详解】 folded/ˈfəʊldɪd/。D选项划线字母的发音为/ɪd/，其它词划线部分为/t/。故选D。 二、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When I was a junior in high school, I was nominated (提名) to run for vice president of the Student Council at the start of our senior year. I turned it down because of the responsibilities of this position. But I ___11___ to run for court clerk instead, as I knew that being court clerk wouldn’t be difficult. When the election came, I ___12___. Indeed, over the whole year that followed, the only thing my new position brought was a sense of ___13___, just as I had hoped. Then towards the end of the year, all the council members took turns to talk about their experiences in their positions in the final assembly (集会) of the year. I thought I was last in terms of importance, the ___14___ position on the council. So when talking about my job, I said that the court clerk didn’t do anything; since there was no court, it didn’t matter who they voted for. I thought I was being ___15___ and cool. As I exited, however, I was ___16___ by an angry Mr. Roberge, the Student Council advisor. He took me aside and criticized me, using whatever ___17___ words he could think of. I can’t exactly remember what he said. But I was forced to realize I had developed the disease of not caring, and the cancer of a lack of ___18___. I cannot say Mr. Roberge ___19___ me then and there. But since that day I have been much more aware of my struggles to be respectful for people and for myself. Mr. Roberge changed the ____20____ of my life, by maybe a few centimeters. But that difference has accumulated over time, and I am not the person I would have been. 11 A. continued B. agreed C. hesitated D. failed 12. A. won B. voted C. withdrew D. panicked 13. A. freedom B. achievement C. lightness D. security 14. A. coolest B. hardest C. best D. lowest 15. A. truthful B. respectful C. smart D. humble 16. A. disturbed B. punished C. doubted D. stopped 17. A. sharp B. abstract C. confusing D. discouraging 18. A. self-control B. self-acceptance C. self-respect D. self-discipline 19. A. comforted B. cured C. impressed D. inspired 20. A. goal B. value C. pace D. course 【答案】11. B 12. A 13. C 14. D 15. A 16. D 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是对一切都漠不关心的作者，因为一次自以为是的发言而受到学生会顾问的严厉批评，从此他的思想有了积极改变。 【11题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我同意竞选学生会书记员，因为我知道做学生会书记员并不难。A. continued继续；B. agreed同意；C. hesitated犹豫；D. failed失败。根据后文“When the election came, I ___2___ .”可知，我竞选了学生会书记员。故选B项。 【12题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当选举来临时，我赢了。A. won赢；B. voted选举；C. withdrew收回；D. panicked恐慌。根据下“Indeed, over the whole year that followed, the only thing my new position brought was a sense of ___3___ , just as I had hoped.”可知，我当选了书记员。故选A项。 【13题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，在接下来的一整年里，我的新职位带来的唯一的东西就是一种轻松的感觉，正如我所希望的那样。A. freedom自由；B. achievement成就；C. lightness轻松；D. security安全。根据后文“I said that the court clerk didn’t do anything; since there was no court, it didn’t matter who they voted for.”可知，因为平时无事可做，所以工作很轻松。故选C项。 【14题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我认为我是最不重要的，在学生会中排名最低的职位。A. coolest最酷的；B. hardest最艰难的；C. best 最好的；D. lowest最低的。根据前文“I thought I was last in terms of importance,”可知，我认为我的职位最低。故选D项。 【15题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我以为我很诚实很酷。A. truthful真实的；B. respectful恭敬的；C. smart聪明的；D. humble谦虚的。根前文“I said that the court clerk didn’t do anything; since there was no court, it didn’t matter who they voted for.”以及空后的“and cool.”可知，因为讲了实话，所以我认为自己很酷也很诚实。故选A项。 【16题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我离开时，我被愤怒的学生会顾问罗伯特先生拦住了。A. disturbed打扰；B. punished惩罚；C. doubted 怀疑；D. stopped停止。根据后文“He took me aside and criticized me, using whatever ___7___ words he could think of.”可知，我被学生会顾问拦住了。故选D项。 【17题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他把我拉到一边，用他能想到的任何尖锐的话批评我。A. sharp尖锐的；B. abstract抽象的；C. confusing令人困惑的；D. discouraging使人沮丧的。根据空前的“He took me aside and criticized me, using whatever”以及空后“words he could think of.”可知，学生会顾问对我进行了严厉的批评。故选A项。 【18题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我被迫意识到，我已经得上了漠不关心的疾病以及缺乏自尊的癌症。A. self-control自控；B. self-acceptance自我接受；C. self-respect自尊；D. self-discipline自律。根据后文“But since that day I have been much more aware of my struggles to be respectful for people and for myself.”可知，在被学生会顾问批评之前，我对别人是漠不关心的，对于自己也不尊重。故选C项。 【19题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不能说罗伯特先生当场就把我治好了。A. comforted安慰；B. cured治愈；C. impressed使感动；D. inspired鼓励。根据后文“But since that day I have been much more aware of my struggles to be respectful for people and for myself.”可知，经过罗伯特先生的严厉批评，我的思想发生了改变，开始了尊重别人也尊重自己。故选B项。 【20题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Mr. Roberge改变了我的人生航向，也许只有几厘米。A. goal目标；B. value价值；C. pace节奏；D. course航向。根据空后的“by maybe a few centimeters.”可知，是罗伯特先生改变了我的人生航向。故选D项。 三、阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。（共14小题；每小题2分, 共28分） A We need people like you, who understand the power of science, to fund the research that will change lives in the future. By donating to the Medical Research Foundation (MRF), you’ll be funding the research that future generations will depend on. MRF is an independent charity, focused solely on funding quality medical research. With close links to the Medical Research Council (MRC), we’re able to choose the most impactful studies and adapt quickly to meet any emerging health crisis, thanks to the support of people like you. Your gift can support some of the brightest scientific minds. Many of these scientists are at the beginning of their careers, when funding is hardest to secure. Your support at this critical time can provide the springboard that a scientist needs to drive their research and career forward, ensuring they can continue to make life-changing discoveries. MRF has supported researchers tackling pressing challenges like the Bird Flu, as well as vital areas of research that are often overlooked by other funders, ensuring we fill the gaps in our medical knowledge and protect the future of human health. As someone interested in science, you will understand that while no one can predict what we will face next, we can be certain that it is only through ambitious, high-quality medical research that we will meet whatever new challenges come our way. By leaving a donation, you can have a lasting impact on science and on the future of human health. 21. What does the MRF mainly do? A. Provide service for the MRC. B. Predict emerging health crisis. C. Fund quality medical research. D. Donate to people interested in science. 22. By leaving a donation, you can ______. A. fill the gaps in medical knowledge B. tackle the future pressing challenges C. choose the most impactful medical studies D. support some of the brightest scientific minds 23. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To raise medical research funds. B. To introduce the impact by donation. C To analyse the health crisis in the future. D. To employ people devoted to medical research. 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是为了医学研究基金会（MRF）募集医学研究资金做的广告宣传。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“MRF is an independent charity, focused solely on funding quality medical research. (MRF是一个独立的慈善机构，专注于资助高质量的医学研究。)”可知，MRF专注于资助高质量的医学研究。故选C。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Your gift can support some of the brightest scientific minds. (你的馈赠可以支持一些最聪明的科学家。)”可知，你的捐赠可以支持一些最聪明的科学家。故选D。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“We need people like you, who understand the power of science, to fund the research that will change lives in the future. (我们需要像你这样的人，了解科学的力量，为改变未来生活的研究提供资金。)”可知，这篇文章的目的是募集医学研究资金。故选A。 B We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal. This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age. Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger. What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid? Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that. Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites. There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province. Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet. 24. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2? A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me. C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me. 25. What does the author think of himself? A. Digitally competent. B. Physically attractive. C. Financially independent. D. Socially ambitious. 26. What can we learn about the author as a journalist? A. He lacks experience in his job. B. He seldom appears on television. C. He manages a video department. D. He often interviews internet stars. 【答案】24. B 25. A 26. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者与两岁孙子的一次互动，揭示了数字时代对传统阅读方式的影响，以及作者自身在新媒体领域的经历和感受。 【24题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段“We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don't even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.(我们记者生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到这是一种新事物。对他们来说，这很正常。)”可知，记者生活在一个有许多新多媒体工具的讲故事新时代，而年轻人觉得这很正常。接着提到“This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday”，结合第三段提到孙子把书当成平板电脑的事情“As I read, he reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.(当我读的时候，他伸出手用手指戳了戳那一页。)”，这里的“this”指代新时代有新多媒体工具这件事，说明作者通过和孙子的相处，一下子明白了新时代多媒体工具对年轻人的影响，即这件事变得非常清楚了，hit home for me的意义为“变得非常清楚”。故选B项。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段“Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.(好吧，我可能老了，但从数字角度来看，我并不完全无能。我编辑视频，制作音频。我使用移动支付。我甚至建立过网站。)”可知，作者认为自己在数字技术方面是胜任的。故选A项。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据第七段“There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.(然而，我的新媒体经历有一个显著的空白：我在镜头前的时间很少，因为我的脸更适合广播。但这并没有阻止《中国日报》上周邀请我为一个关于京津冀一体化的视频项目分享一个个人故事。)”可知，作者很少在电视上露面。故选B项。 C In recent years, a lot of “business thinking” books have been published, all of which search for new answers on how to run organizations effectively. Obliquity tells us that the most profitable companies are not the most aggressive in chasing profits. Wikinomics demonstrates new models of production based on community and collaboration. Peter Miller’s new book, Smart Swarm, however, challenge leaders to think differently. He studied creatures, like bees and ants and he found their habits, actions and instincts can be applied to business. Miller believes his book is the first time anyone has explained the science behind management theory. “The examples of how ant colonies (蚁群) or beehives (蜂窝) work are appealing models for organizations and systems that can be applied in a business context,” he says. So how exactly can bees help run organizations? “By the way they work independently before they work together,” Miller says. “Picture a huge beehive hanging on a tree, with about 5,000 bees competing for space. They know their population is getting too big, leaving them unsafe. They must all agree to find a new home. In today’s business environment, managers need to be able to make the right decisions under intense pressure. Yet, it is clear that some of the best-paid leaders in some of the biggest organizations can get it dramatically wrong. How is it that they can fail to make efficient business decisions when a large group of bees can make a critical decision about their hive in just a few seconds?” According to Miller, “swarm theory” can help managers in three simple steps: discover, test and evaluate. The bees first realize they have a problem. They then fly into the neighborhood to find potential new sites. They come back and perform a “dance” to get other bees to follow them. Eventually, the bees with the best dance attract the most votes – and a decision is made. Miller says. “The bee example tells you that you need to seek out diversity in your team. You need to have a way of gathering up quite different ideas so you can make sure you pick the right one.” Ants, in addition, can help businesses organize workflow and people. In an ant colony, there is no leader. Ants are self-organized, and respond to their environment and each other. One ant on its own could not raid (袭击) a kitchen cupboard, but one ant telling the next one that it’s worth following him to find food ends up creating a food chain. “In an ant colony, you get the right number going in and out searching for food, you get the right number taking care of the babies,” Miller says. “As a manager, this can tell you that your hierarchy (等级制度) is getting in the way of getting the work done.” 27. Miller believes his book differs from other “business thinking” books because ________. A. it focuses on maximizing profits B. it supports the theory with evidence C. it corrects faults in similar books D. it justifies the previous theory 28. In the second paragraph, the author indicates that the behavior of bees can show managers how to ________. A. make up for wrongly made decisions B. justify exactly what the real problem is C. draw the correct conclusions quickly D. keep the team safe under great pressure 29. According to the “swarm theory”, managers need to ________. A. regard decision-making as a cooperative process B. persuade others to follow your ways of thinking C. accept different ideas and keep them balanced D. pick out a right person to make the final decision 30. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Leadership skills can be developed through practical work. B. Employees work more efficiently when organized by leaders. C. Strengthened hierarchy is the guarantee of work efficiency. D. Employees should be allowed to make their own decisions. 【答案】27. B 28. C 29. A 30. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是Peter Miller所写的Smart Swarm一书中描述的管理理论背后的科学。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Miller believes his book is the first time anyone has explained the science behind management theory. “The examples of how ant colonies (蚁群) or beehives (蜂窝) work are appealing models for organizations and systems that can be applied in a business context,” he says.(米勒认为，他的书是第一次有人解释管理理论背后的科学。“蚁群或蜂箱如何工作的例子是可以应用于商业环境的组织和系统的有吸引力的模型，”他说。)”可知，在Miller的书中蚂蚁或者蜜蜂工作的例子可应用于商业环境的组织和系统，由此可知，Miller的书是用证据来支持理论。故选B项。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“How is it that they can fail to make efficient business decisions when a large group of bees can make a critical decision about their hive in just a few seconds?(一大群蜜蜂能在短短几秒钟内就对他们的蜂巢做出重要决定，为什么他们却不能做出有效的商业决策？)”可知，作者利用反问的形式，说明蜜蜂能在短时间内做出关键决定，管理者也能做出有效的商业决定。故选C项。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Miller says. “The bee example tells you that you need to seek out diversity in your team. You need to have a way of gathering up quite different ideas so you can make sure you pick the right one.”(米勒说。“蜜蜂的例子告诉你，你需要在团队中寻求多样性。你需要有一种方法来收集完全不同的想法，这样你才能确保你选择了正确的想法。”。)”可知，在团队中要寻求多样性，才能确保做出的选择时正确的，这就需要收集团队中的不同想法，所以，群体理论是要求管理者把决策作为合作的过程。故选A项。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Ants, in addition, can help businesses organize workflow and people. In an ant colony, there is no leader. Ants are self-organized, and respond to their environment and each other.(此外，蚂蚁还可以帮助企业组织工作流程和人员。在蚁群里，没有领袖。蚂蚁是自我组织的，它们会对环境和彼此做出反应)”可知，在蚁群中蚂蚁是自己组织的，自己对环境和彼此做出反应，由此可推断，管理者应该允许员工自己做出决定。故选D项。 D Is forgiveness against our human nature? To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity? For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views of humanity. The first view involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them. The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony? From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. As an important note, when we take a Classical philosophical perspective, that of Aristotle, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual appropriation in conflict situations, develops with practice. 31. What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness? A. People should offer mercy to others. B. Aggressive people should learn to forgive. C. Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity. D. People who forgive can have their own welfare affected. 32. What does the example in paragraph 2 illustrate? A. To forgive is to love. B. To dominate is to harm. C. To fight is to grow. D. To give is to receive. 33. What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness? A. Favorable. B. Reserved. C. Objective. D. Skeptical. 34. What is message of the last paragraph? A. Forgiveness is in our nature. B. Forgiveness grows with time. C. It takes practice to forgive. D. Actuality is based on potentiality. 【答案】31. D 32. B 33. A 34. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文主要介绍了关于宽恕的两种不同观点，说明宽恕在生活中的重要性，并告诉我们可以通过练习提高宽恕能力。 31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them. (在他看来，宽恕者在向他人提供怜悯时，正在损害自己的幸福，而他人可能会利用他们。)”可知，Droll认为宽恕者在向他人提供怜悯时，正在损害自己的幸福，由此可知，Droll认为宽恕别人的人会影响自己的幸福。故选D项。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony? (即使是常识也强烈表明，支配他人的意愿不利于和谐的互动。例如，奴隶制作为一种社会和谐模式的效果如何？)”可知，第二段告诉我们支配他人的意愿不利于和谐的互动，并列举了奴隶制的例子，由此可知，第2段中的例子说明了支配就是伤害，不利于和谐的互动。故选B项。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony. (从我们作为人类的第二种观点来看，宽恕在个人和社区的生物和心理完整性中起着关键作用，因为科学研究表明，宽恕的结果之一是减少仇恨和恢复和谐。)”可知，作者认为宽恕起着关键作用，可以减少仇恨和恢复和谐，由此可知，作者对宽恕的态度是赞许的。故选A项。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段关键句“We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual appropriation in conflict situations, develops with practice. (我们不一定天生就有宽恕的能力，而是有可能了解它并提高我们的宽恕能力。宽恕的现实性，即在冲突局势中的实际运用，是随着实践而发展的。)”可知，最后一段表明我们不一定天生就有宽恕的能力，但可以通过练习了解并提高我们的宽恕能力，由此可知，最后一段的意思是宽恕需要练习。故选C项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Maybe you’ve noticed it in the comments section of popular social media posts about anxiety, depression or things alike, with a number of people claiming to pick these labels for themselves. These days, labeling is everywhere. ____35____ However, the negative part is that it’s easy for someone to identify with the characteristics without truly recognizing the context in which these characteristics would require diagnosis, according to Charlotte Armitage, a registered integrative psychotherapist and psychologist. “I think that social media has a lot to answer for, as there are many videos online with people describing traits of certain disorders,” she notes. If you have done your research and genuinely feel that you have some form of mental health concern, then finally having a name for your behaviors can be great. ___36___But the risk is that many people will seek labels and intervention for any behavior, pattern or emotion that is outside of the permanent happy group that society has set as the norm. “ ____37____ Then the saying ‘a little bit of knowledge is dangerous’ springs to my mind,” Armitage adds. ____38____ “Children are still developing and evolving, and many childhood behavioral features may seem like those of a disorder when there’re other potential explanations for that behavior,” Armitage notes. Ideally, a diagnosis for a child should be carried out by a qualified mental health professional. So it is with an adult. When that doesn’t happen, Armitage says it can lead to the individual feeling flawed and act as a hindrance to recovery. Nevertheless, the most important thing to bear in mind is that diagnosis doesn’t mean to indicate that you are broken or less capable. ____39____ And if you go deeper, it can alert you to the fact that you are not alone, and that many people experience life in the same way as you do. How you go about getting that diagnosis is really up to you. A. Labeling poses even more of a problem when it comes to kids. B. It can be helpful for those not quite able to understand why they feel the way they do. C. There seems to be a desire to see negative emotions as something requiring intervention or diagnosis. D. Labeling leads to children’s overcoming their addiction to what is posted online. E Someone has had only a certain experience and judges all behavior with that experience. F. The basic function of a diagnosis is to give you a name for those behaviors once felt unusual. G. Seeing content that reflects your experiences online can be a comfort as well. 【答案】35. B 36. G 37. E 38. A 39. F 【解析】 【原文】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了社交媒体时代的标签化现象，尤其是在心理健康方面，探讨了标签化的利弊以及对不同人群的影响。 【35题详解】 根据上文“These days, labeling is everywhere.(如今，标签无处不在。)”和下文“However, the negative part is that it’s easy for someone to identify with the characteristics without truly recognizing the context in which these characteristics would require diagnosis(然而，消极的一面是，人们很容易认同这些特征，而没有真正认识到这些特征需要诊断的背景)”，可知此处应提到标签化有积极的一面。B 选项 “它对那些不太能理解自己为什么会有这种感觉的人很有帮助” 符合语境。故填B。 【36题详解】 根据上文“If you have done your research and genuinely feel that you have some form of mental health concern, then finally having a name for your behaviors can be great(如果你做了研究，并且真觉得自己有某种心理健康问题，那么最终为自己的行为找到一个名称会很好)”可知，选项应该进一步说明知道自己的行为有个名称后，看到相关内容会有安慰感，与前文逻辑连贯。G 选项 “在网上看到反映你经历的内容也会是一种安慰”符合语境。故填G。 【37题详解】 根据后文“Then the saying ‘a little bit of knowledge is dangerous’ springs to my mind,” (然后我就想到了‘一知半解是危险的’这句话)”可知，选项应该说明一知半解就去评判的情况，引起下文。E 选项 “有人只有某种特定的经验，并以那种经验来评判所有行为” 符合语境。故填E。 【38题详解】 根据下文“Children are still developing and evolving, and many childhood behavioral features may seem like those of a disorder when there’re other potential explanations for that behavior(孩子们仍在发育和成长，许多童年行为特征可能看起来像一种障碍，而实际上对这种行为有其他潜在的解释）”可知，选项应该是关于孩子标签化问题的内容，引起下文。A 选项“当涉及到孩子时，贴标签会带来更多的问题”符合语境 。故填A。 【39题详解】 根据上文“Nevertheless, the most important thing to bear in mind is that diagnosis doesn’t mean to indicate that you are broken or less capable(然而，要记住的最重要的事情是，诊断并不意味着表明你有缺陷或能力不足)”可知，选项承接上文，进一步解释了诊断的作用。F 选项 “诊断的基本功能是为那些曾经感觉不寻常的行为给你一个名称” 符合语境。故填F。 四、语法填空 A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 On Dec. 26, Gelinne was gazing out the windows of his home when he saw a small aircraft skidded (滑行) to a stop on the broad, frozen river, far from shore. So he pulled a kayak out and got the boat across the ice. It was ___40___ (tire) work. When Gelinne reached the plane, it had broken through the ice and sunk; the pilot was standing on a tail wing, surrounded by open water. Gelinne knew he had to get the pilot out of the water ___41___ the man lost too much body heat. Luckily, a police officer also arrived in time, ___42___ (radio) for help. Soon a rescue team picked up the pilot and took him to safety. 【答案】40. tiring 41. before 42. radioing 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍的是格林发现飞机坠河后勇敢施救并与警方合作成功营救飞行员的故事。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这是一项累人的工作。此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词 work，tire的形容词为tiring意为“令人疲倦的，累人的”，常修饰物，和tired意为“感到疲倦的”，常修饰人，这里修饰work，所以用tiring。故填tiring。 【41题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：格林知道他必须在那个人失去太多体温之前把他从水里救出来。根据句意可知，此处表示在体温散失之前把人救出来，应用连词before引导时间状语从句。故填before。 【42题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，一名警察也及时赶到，用无线电呼救。此处为非谓语动词作状语，a police officer 和 radio（用无线电通讯）之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词radioing作伴随状语。故填radioing。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 This wealth of ways of sharing is a response to our increasing demand for quality goods and services ___43___ competitive prices, all delivered at the click of a button. ___44___ it’s an online shop for people to hire designer clothes or a platform to rent out our flats for a couple of days, it’s out there. For both a lender and a borrower, it’s a win-win situation ___45___ everyone makes or saves money. We also make connections and sometimes even make new friends. What’s more, sharing encourages us to reuse items, thereby ___46___(cut) down on waste. And set-ups such as bike and car sharing do a further favour for the environment by reducing the number of polluting vehicles on the road. 【答案】43. at 44. Whether 45. where 46. cutting 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了共享经济模式出现的原因、具体形式以及带来的益处，包括经济上的双赢和环境方面的积极影响。 【43题详解】 考查介词。句意：这种丰富多样的共享方式是为了满足我们对以有竞争力的价格获取优质商品和服务日益增长的需求，而这一切只需点击一下按钮即可实现。“at competitive prices” 是固定搭配，“at” 在这里表示 “以……”，用于描述价格、速度、比率等。故填 at。 【44题详解】 考查连词。句意：无论是供人们租赁设计师服装的在线商店，还是用于出租我们公寓几天的平台，都属于共享经济的范畴。本句为“Whether...or...” 引导让步状语从句，首字母大写。故填Whether。 【45题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：对于出借者和借入者来说，这是一种双赢的局面，在这种局面下每个人都能够赚钱或者省钱。“a win-win situation”是先行词，在从句中作地点状语。y用关系副词where引导限制性定语从句。故填where。 【46题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：而且，共享鼓励我们重复使用物品，由此减少浪费。上文与 “cutt down on waste” 之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。即共享这种行为导致了减少浪费的结果。故填cutting。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra to benefit from price reductions doesn’t make sense. Shops are not charities. They price goods in the way that will make them the most money. But that leaves the solo (单独的) customers out of pocket and ___47___ (disappoint). Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because consumers prefer money off individual items. However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ___48___ (offer) in smaller packs. If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ___49___ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, the other stays fresh. 【答案】47. disappointed 48. be offered 49. have started 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是超市促销策略对单身购物者的影响及部分超市推出的单人份商品解决方案。 【47题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但这让单独购物的顾客花了冤枉钱，感到失望。此处为“leave+宾语+宾补”结构，所以此处为形容词作宾语补足语，而disappoint的形容词有两种形式：disappointing（令人失望的）和 disappointed（感到失望的），此处修饰人，所以用disappointed。故填disappointed。 【48题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：然而，尽管一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果它们有时能以更小的包装出售，帮助会更大。此空位于情态动词could之后，且根据语境，主语they（指代sausages）与offer之间为被动关系，所以此处为含有情态动词的被动语态，其结构为“情态动词+ be +过去分词”。故填be offered。 【49题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市已经开始销售用两半分开包装的鸡肉或沙拉。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语Over the last two years 可知，此处要用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语some supermarkets是复数，所以用have started。故填have started。 五、阅读表达（共3小题，第1、2题各2分，第3小题5分，共9分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 The capacity for empathy — to first identify and then understand and share in someone else’s feelings — is largely held as a virtue. Yet, there is a knowledge problem that makes being naturally empathetic a struggle. Why? As poet John Keats put it, “Nothing ever becomes real until it is experienced.” So how can someone else’s perspective and emotions ever become real enough for us to develop empathy? Reading fiction may provide an answer. Studies show that when you read fiction, it not only activates the language processing center of the brain but also increases global flow in the brain. It speeds up the part involved in physical movement and areas of the brain linked to sensory experiences. In other words, reading fiction lights up the brain in ways that copy the neural (神经) activities of the experience you’re reading about. For example, if you read a well-written passage about a character hiking through the wilderness, your brain reacts as if you’re on that hike. To really cultivate empathy, you need to be internally more aware of and connected to those around you. And again, reading fiction is associated with just such a skill. One study, which assesses one’s ability to determine someone else’s emotions based on their facial expression alone, showed that fiction readers scored higher than non-readers and readers of nonfiction. The researchers assumed that reading fiction allows people to practice taking on someone else’s perspective and thus improves their social awareness. This suggests that reading fiction improves one’s theory of mind and emotional intelligence. The takeaway lesson is simple: if you want to build empathy, try reading more fiction, more often — especially fiction by and about people whose experiences are different from your own. 50. What does the author think can help develop empathy? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 51. What kind of fiction does the author advise us to read? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 52. Besides what is mentioned in the passage, how does reading fiction benefit you? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】50. Reading fiction. 51. Fiction by and about people whose experiences are different from our own. 52. 言之有理即可，如Reading fiction helps us develop our brains. The human brain can work well when we just do regular things, like driving or walking. However, it performs more effectively when an element of surprise is added, because this helps build connections in the brain. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述阅读小说有助于培养同理心。 【50题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“So how can someone else’s perspective and emotions ever become real enough for us to develop empathy? Reading fiction may provide an answer.(那么，别人的观点和情绪如何才能变得真实到足以让我们产生同理心呢？阅读小说可能会提供一个答案)”可知， 作者认为阅读小说有助于培养同理心。故答案为Reading fiction. 【51题详解】 考查细节理解题。根据最后一段“The takeaway lesson is simple: if you want to build empathy, try reading more fiction, more often— especially fiction by and about people whose experiences are different from your own.(结论很简单：如果你想建立同理心，试着多读一些小说，多读一些——尤其是那些与你的经历不同的人写的小说)”可知，作者建议读那些与你的经历不同的人写的小说。故答案为Fiction by and about people whose experiences are different from our own. 【52题详解】 考查开放题型。本题是开放题型，要求写出阅读小说还有哪些好处，言之有理即可，注意字数。如Reading fiction helps us develop our brains. The human brain can work well when we just do regular things, like driving or walking. However, it performs more effectively when an element of surprise is added, because this helps build connections in the brain. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$