精品解析：北京市第八十中学2024～2025学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题

北京市第八十中学2024～2025学年第二学期期中考试 高二英语 2025年4月 班级______ 姓名______ 考号______ （考试时间90分钟 满分100分） 提示：试卷答案请一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色签字笔作答。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完型填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分；共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 The Homeless Hero For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source (来源) of temptation (诱惑). But the ____1____ would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith even more remarkable. After spotting a ____2____ on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the owner to return. After hours in the cold and wet, he ____3____ inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact the driver, only to discover it contained £400 in notes, with another £50 in spare change beside it. He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after ____4____ a note behind to let the owner know it was safe. When the car’s owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car — which was itself worth £35,000 — in Glasgow city centre, they were ____5____ to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was safe. The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his kindness. Mr. Anderson said: “I couldn’t believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight ____6____ he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and yet he didn’t take the wallet for himself; he thought about others instead. It’s unbelievable. It just proves there are honest guys out there.” Mr. Smith’s act drew much of the public’s attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson ____7____ about the act of kindness on Facebook. Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to ____8____ money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received £8,000. “I think the faith that everyone has shown ____9____ him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street; he’s had job ____10____ and all sorts,” Mr. Anderson commented. For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing chance. The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another. 1. A. hope B. aim C. urge D. effort 2. A. wallet B. bag C. box D. parcel 3. A. turned B. hid C. stepped D. reached 4. A. taking B. leaving C. reading D. writing 5. A. satisfied B. excited C. amused D. shocked 6. A. when B. if C. where D. because 7. A. learned B. posted C. cared D. heard 8. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. earn 9. A. of B. at C. for D. in 10. A. details B. changes C. offers D. applications 第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分；共15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Today’s social justice values respond to this reality, calling on us ___11___ (criticize) oppressive and harmful figures and to gain power for those who have been powerless. But when adult children use the most effective tool they have — themselves — to gain a sense of security and ban their parents ___12___ their lives, the roles are simply switched, and the pain only ___13___ (deepen). B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 In Traditional Chinese Medicine, cinnamon, known as “Rou Gui”, ___14___ (use) for centuries for its medicinal properties. It is considered a warming herb, meaning that it is believed to relieve pain and discomfort ___15___ (associate) with cold and damp conditions. Cinnamon can harmonize the body’s energies and enhance overall well-being, ___16___ makes it a must for those who want to improve their immune system. C 阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A new study, ___17___ (lead) by Wellesley Centers, found that joining social media before age 11 was significantly related to more “problematic digital behaviors”, compared to those who joined the platforms when they were older. Kids who joined social media before age 11 seemed ___18___(easily) distracted and more unsympathetic. However, they showed greater engagement within the online community. The good news is that parents play an active role and kids showed lessened negative effects ___19___ parental controls. With strong effects of the Internet, we can expect that the need to understand ___20___technology shapes kids in their young ages will become more urgent. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Emergencies are scary, but there is now a new smart ring on the market that will quickly call for help when you need it most. Meet Nimb, a ring that includes a panic button. It lets you send emergency alerts (警报) to preset contacts from its mobile app with the touch of a thumb. Whether you are being attacked or experiencing a serious health problem, Nimb will help keep you safe and sound. Smart Ring to the Rescue The story behind the development with this new technology is unique and touching. In 2010, Kathy Roma, who is the co-founder and communications lead with Nimb, was violently attacked by a complete stranger and was on the brink of death. She suffered multiple stab wounds in a safe neighborhood, just a few feet away from a police station. Her saving grace wasn’t just her fight and drive to survive, but the call for help. Since then, she has been searching to find a way for others to have a voice when they，re in need of help and has been a driving force in the development of this new technology. And Nimb is easy to use. All you need to do when you are in trouble is press its button for three seconds and an instant message will be sent to your contacts. Your contacts will get instant emergency alerts on their smartphones and tablets. This smart ring tracks your exact location in real time and your contacts will know where you are at all times. Nimb’s app includes an alert card, and built-in chat and notification features. The ring is compatible (兼容的) with Bluetooth 4+, iOS 7+ and Android 4+. It is also equipped with a rechargeable LiPo Battery that will last about two weeks, and is designed to withstand water and dust. Nimb: Stay Safe in Style What makes this smart ring extra special is that it is cool and futuristic looking. It comes in two colors: Stealth Black and Classic White. The ring is available in US ring sizes 4-12 which means you can wear it on any of your fingers. There’s no doubt this new technology will be a hit on the market: everyone wants to have that extra piece of mind when it comes to health and safety. Nimb retails for $129. 21. Nimb is designed to help users ________. A. relieve pain in stressful situations B. warn friends of surrounding dangers C call contacts for help in emergencies D. keep track of serious health problems 22. Kathy Roma got the idea of Nimb from________. A. her experience of being attacked B. her desire to have a voice in technology C. her dream of founding her own company D. her drive to survive from a serious disease 23. How do you use Nimb when you are in trouble? A. By editing an emergency message. B. By pressing a button for three seconds. C. By tracking the location of preset contacts. D. By sending alerts to the smartphones nearby. B Early February, I was flying up to Ohio. Well prepared, I had everything in my favour — fuel for five hours, charts in order, my flight plan on my lap, and a beautiful clear sky. I was wrong. I had heard about Alberta Clippers coming out of Canada. I knew all about them — how an entire air mass was streaming along at over sixty miles an hour. That morning, the Weather Briefer informed me that an Alberta Clipper was going over Chicago about the time I got to the airport. Chicago was some 400 miles from my destination — not a factor, or so I thought. That was the first hint I missed. The controller called and asked if I wanted to adjust my flight plan. I did the check and everything was in the green. So I told him no. Twenty minutes later the controller called again asking whether I wanted to adjust my flight plan. I checked everything. All was fine. I ignored that hint. I was fooled by the smooth air and limited experience with a rapidly moving air mass that was not changing violently. The Alberta Clipper was clipping along. The first blast of turbulence (气流) struck my plane. I got slammed into the roof, and then slammed sideways hitting the window with such force up my nose that I started bleeding. After a 2-hour flight of 100 miles, I realized fuel was now an issue. So was landing. I called Flight’ Following. We. figured out the airport I could land. The engine stopped. So did my heart. There is no quiet as quietly stunning as this one at such an altitude. I had run out of fuel in the left tank, and only a little in my right tank. The engine quit for a second time. I declared an emergency. I was told that I might get another few minutes of fuel if I gently banked the airplane. Luckily; it worked. Then, the engine quit for the last time. I was a glider now. I made a long lazy spiral descent. Down I went. I stopped at the very end of the runway. I made so many mistakes, missed so many clues, and showed my ignorance so much that I beat myself up over and over again in my mind. I learned textbook descriptions of Alberta Clippers and real-life experience with one are totally different. I will never forget the sound of that silence. I flew home the next day. Older. Wiser. Humbler. Lucky. 24. We can know from the passage that Alberta Clippers ______. A. can bring snowstorms B. are quick-moving air masses C. are violently changing air pressure D. can lead to a sudden temperature drop 25. What mainly led to the author’s missing all the hints? A. His lack of flying experience. B. His poor preparation for the journey. C. His misjudgement about the air mass. D. His overconfidence in his piloting skills. 26. The passage describes ______. A. a rewarding training B. a serious accident C. a painful exploration D. a narrow escape C Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting creatures,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative meaning. So it seems contradictory to talk about habits in the same context as innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try, the more creative we become. But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. “The first thing needed for innovation is attraction to wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide’, just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider’.” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.” “All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware,” she says. Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the ability to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, collaboratively and innovatively. At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that ability, preserving only those ways of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life. The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us use our innovative and collaborative ways of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system — that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Will…and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have preserved, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in. 27. Brain researchers have discovered that . A. the forming of new habits can be guided B the development of habits can be predicted C. the regulation of old habits can be transformed D. the track of new habits can be created unconsciously 28. The underlined word“ruts”in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to . A. zones B. connections C. situations D. tracks 29. Which of the following statements most probably agrees with Dawna Markova’s view? A. Decision makes no sense in choices. B. Curiosity makes creative minds active. C. Creative ideas are born of a relaxing mind. D. Formation of innovation comes from fantastic ideas. 30. The purpose of the author writing this article is to persuade us . A. to give up our traditional habits deliberately B. to create and develop new habits consciously C. to resist the application of standardized testing D. to believe that old habits conflict with new habits D The US scientists who created the first living robots say the life forms, known as xenobots, can now reproduce—and in a way not seen in plants and animals. Xenobots are formed from the stem cells of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis), from which it takes its name. “Frogs have a way of reproducing that they normally use, but when you liberate the stem cells from the embryo(胚胎) and you give them a chance to figure out how to be in a new environment, not only do they figure out a new way to move, but they also figure out apparently a new way to reproduce,” said Michael Levin, a professor of biology at Tufts University, who was co-lead author of the new research. Stem cells are unspecialized cells that have the ability to develop into different cell types. To make the xenobots, the researchers removed living stem cells from frog embryos and left them to develop. “Most people think of robots as being made of metal, but it’s not so much what a robot is made from but what it does, which is act on its own on behalf of people,” said Josh Bongard, a computer science professor and robotics expert at the University of Vermont and lead author of the study. “In that way, it’s a robot, but it’s also clearly an organism made from frog cells.” The researchers found that the xenobots could replicate(自我复制). But it happened rarely and only in specific circumstances. The xenobots used “kinetic replication”—a process that is known to occur at the molecular(分子) level. With the help of artificial intelligence, the researchers then tested billions of body shapes to make the xenobots more effective at this type of replication. The supercomputer came up with a C-shape that looked like Pac-Man, the 1980s video game. They found it was able to find tiny stem cells, gather hundreds of them inside its mouth, and a few days later the pack of cells became new xenobots. “The AI didn’t program these machines in the way we usually think about writing code. It shaped and sculpted and came up with this Pac-Man shape,” Bongard said. “The shape is, in essence, the program. The shape influences how the xenobots behave to speed up this incredibly surprising process.” The xenobots are very early technology-think of a 1940s computer—and don’t yet have any practical applications. However, this combination of molecular biology and artificial intelligence could potentially be used in many tasks in the body and the environment. This may include things like collecting microplastics in the oceans, inspecting root systems and regenerative medicine. “There are many things that are possible if we take advantage of this kind of plasticity and ability of cells to solve problems,” Bongard said. 31. According to Josh Bongard, a robot should be defined in terms of ______. A. its function B. its reliability C. its appearance D. its material 32. What can we learn about xenobots from the passage? A. Xenobots have copied stem cells using computer programs. B Specialized cells play a key role in the replication of xenobots. C. AI makes it possible for xenobots to replicate more effectively. D. The shape of xenobots was inspired from a video game in the 1980s. 33. What is the author’s attitude towards future applications of xenobots? A. Disapproving. B. Optimistic. C. Unconcerned. D. Objective. 34. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Where does the unnatural replication process lead? B. Arc xenobots the future of artificial intelligence? C. The uncertain role of robot reproduction D. Fact or fantasy? Robots can reproduce 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。 The game of baseball has long been woven into the fabric of American life. It is no surprise then that the baseball glove is associated with fond memories. ____35____ It is also an example of a product that has been perfected over time. Originally, baseball was played without gloves because the balls were home-made and soft. Made from string covered with leather or cotton sacks stuffed with rags, the balls were easier on the hand. The late 19th century saw baseballs made by machine and standardized across the United States to be tighter and harder, and they were capable of hurting a catcher’s hands. ____36____ Baseball gloves were initially just leather work gloves adapted to suit the player’s needs. ____37____ However, the simple padded work gloves could not prevent knuckles (指关节) from bursting, fingers from splitting and bones from breaking. The solution? More padding was added to the glove. ____38____ This design changed little until the late1930s, when an extra flap web that looked like a fishing net was added between the thumb and the fingers. This made it possible for first basemen to catch thrown balls more easily, revolutionizing the function of the glove. During the first half of the 20th century, fielders’ gloves evolved steadily to improve their catch. Field glove designs were adapted with longer fingers, deeper pockets and larger webs between the thumb and the fingers. New designs also added lace between the fingers, making it easier for players to catch the ball. Even more significantly, a new glove design was introduced in 1957, with a special feature in the heel of the glove’s palm, which allowed the glove to completely fold around the ball. ____39____ This characteristic has become the standard for glove design to this day. Catchers’ and first basemen’s gloves also adopted this style. From fingerless work gloves to flashy gloves designed for each position, the evolution of the baseball glove since the early days of professional baseball is as fascinating as the game itself. Due to technological advances, we may look forward to even newer designs for baseball gloves. A. Behind every glove is a great glove story. B. If a glove is well cared for, it can last decades. C. This led to gloves being designed to soften the catch. D. However, the baseball glove is more than an item of emotional value. E. Thanks to this new design, fielders could easily snatch (一下夺过) the ball with only one hand. F. Early first baseball glove designs were specialized from the padded fielders’ glove to an open glove design. G. For example, catchers’ gloves were work gloves without fingers to allow the player to better handle the ball. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 We all love to criticize, but unfortunately, we also hate being criticized. We freely post and comment on others, but feel annoyed at the way others assess us, both online and in person. The world seems unlikely to change anytime soon. Fortunately, though, each of us can change how we give and take criticism, which will make us less likely to harm others, more resistant to being angry, and better able to benefit from feedback — even when it is negative. Criticism is defined as judgment of the merits (优点) and faults of something or someone in written or spoken form. Technically, criticism can include praise, but that isn’t what concerns us here. What annoys us is criticism of the negative variety, even when well-intentioned — so-called constructive criticism, which means to provide guidance so we can improve. Worst of all is destructive criticism, which aims to cause hurt or damage. The culture of criticism isn’t going away. The only way to flourish (繁荣) in it, and despite it, is to adopt new habits of getting and giving critical feedback. One rule is to assume that criticism, even when it seems personal, is not actually about you personally. When we receive criticism, we make it personal in two ways. First, we may naturally analyze the critic rather than the criticism. Second, we tend to consider the criticism a judgment on our natural abilities, rather than on our performance. Interestingly, even among young children, research shows that viewing criticism as a judgment on one’s abilities can lead to lower self-worth, lower positive mood, and less persistence at tasks. If taking criticism is particularly hard for you, you are not alone. However, taking criticism badly is more embarrassing, ultimately, than the criticism itself. If we do the work to learn to accept negative feedback, we will be much better off. 40. What will be the results of changing the way we give and take criticism? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What is the difference between constructive and destructive criticism? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Children who receive criticism have lower self-worth because they take criticism as a judgment on their performance. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 43. What benefit(s) would you gain from learning to accept negative feedback? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 写作 （20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，高考备考使你压力很大，你的英国朋友Jim经常通过邮件给你鼓励、疏导情绪，使你能够调整状态，重新投入学习。请你用英语给Jim写封邮件，内容包括： 1.表示对他感谢； 2.描述你的状态。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 北京市第八十中学2024～2025学年第二学期期中考试 高二英语 2025年4月 班级______ 姓名______ 考号______ （考试时间90分钟 满分100分） 提示：试卷答案请一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色签字笔作答。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完型填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分；共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 The Homeless Hero For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source (来源) of temptation (诱惑). But the ____1____ would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith even more remarkable. After spotting a ____2____ on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the owner to return. After hours in the cold and wet, he ____3____ inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact the driver, only to discover it contained £400 in notes, with another £50 in spare change beside it. He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after ____4____ a note behind to let the owner know it was safe. When the car’s owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car — which was itself worth £35,000 — in Glasgow city centre, they were ____5____ to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was safe. The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his kindness. Mr. Anderson said: “I couldn’t believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight ____6____ he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and yet he didn’t take the wallet for himself; he thought about others instead. It’s unbelievable. It just proves there are honest guys out there.” Mr. Smith’s act drew much of the public’s attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson ____7____ about the act of kindness on Facebook. Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to ____8____ money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received £8,000. “I think the faith that everyone has shown ____9____ him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street; he’s had job ____10____ and all sorts,” Mr. Anderson commented. For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing chance. The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another. 1. A. hope B. aim C. urge D. effort 2. A. wallet B. bag C. box D. parcel 3. A. turned B. hid C. stepped D. reached 4. A. taking B. leaving C. reading D. writing 5. A. satisfied B. excited C. amused D. shocked 6. A. when B. if C. where D. because 7. A. learned B. posted C. cared D. heard 8. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. earn 9. A. of B. at C. for D. in 10. A. details B. changes C. offers D. applications 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. D 10. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了无家可归的汤姆·史密斯发现一辆车窗未关的汽车里有个钱包，他冒雨守护两小时，后将钱包交给警察，其善举获众人称赞，还引发为他和其他流浪汉募捐的活动。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但如果你流落街头，缺衣少食，这种冲动无疑会更大。A. hope希望；B. aim目标；C. urge强烈的欲望，冲动；D. effort努力。前文“For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source of temptation”表明发现装有现金的钱包会是一种诱惑，而“if you were living on the streets with little food and money”进一步说明对于无家可归、生活困苦的人来说，这种想要拿走钱的冲动会更强。故选C项。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他发现一辆停着的汽车前座上有个钱包，车窗还没关，于是他在雨中守了大约两个小时，等车主回来。A. wallet钱包；B. bag包；C. box盒子；D. parcel包裹。根据后文“ After hours in the cold and wet, he 3 inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID”可知，他伸手拿出来的是钱包，所以此处他发现的就是钱包。故选A项。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在寒冷和雨中待了几个小时后，他伸手进去把钱包拿了出来，希望能找到一些身份证件，以便联系司机，结果却发现里面有400英镑的纸币，旁边还有50英镑的零钱。A. turned转动；B. hid隐藏；C. stepped迈步；D. reached伸手。前文提到车的“window down”，说明车窗是开着的，结合后文“and pulled the wallet out”可以推知，他是伸手到车里拿出钱包。故选D项。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他留了张纸条让车主知道钱包很安全，然后把钱包送到了附近的警察局。A. taking带走；B. leaving留下；C. reading阅读；D. writing书写。后文“to let the owner know it was safe”表明要给车主传达钱包安全的信息，结合常识，通常是留下纸条告知；“leave a note”是固定表达，符合此处语境。故选B项。 【5题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当车主约翰·安德森和他的同事卡罗尔·劳伦斯回到停在格拉斯哥市中心、价值3.5万英镑的汽车旁时，他们惊讶地发现有两名警察站在车旁。A. satisfied满意的；B. excited兴奋的；C. amused愉快的；D. shocked震惊的、惊讶的。结合后文“to find two policemen standing next to it”和常识可知，回来取车的约翰·安德森看到车旁站着两个警察，应该是感到惊讶。故选D项。 【6题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：想想看，虽然他本可以偷走钱去找个地方住，但今晚他还是睡在大街上。A. when虽然；B. if如果；C. where在……地方；D. because因为。根据前文“he is sleeping on the streets tonight”和后文“he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in”可知，他本有机会改变这种露宿街头的状况，但放弃了，前后形成转折关系，用when引导让步状语从句。故选A项。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在安德森先生在脸书上发布了这一善举后，史密斯先生也赢得了社交媒体用户的赞扬。A. learned学习；B. posted发布；C. cared关心；D. heard听到。根据后文“on Facebook”可知，安德森先生在脸书上发布了这件事。故选B项。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，安德森先生发起了一项在线活动，为史密斯先生和该地区的其他无家可归者筹集资金，截至昨天，已经收到了8000英镑。A. borrow借；B. raise筹集；C. save节省、拯救；D. earn赚取。后文“which by yesterday had received £8,000”表明已经收到了一定数额的钱，结合前文“set up an online campaign”可推知，安德森先生发起活动来筹集资金。故选B项。 【9题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：我认为大家对他表现出的信任感动了他。A. of……的；B. at在；C. for为了；D. in在……方面。前文提到安德森先生发起活动为史密斯先生筹集资金，人们积极响应，下文“People have been approaching him in the street”等都体现了大家对他的信任；show faith in sb.是固定搭配，意为“对某人表现出信任”。故选D项。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们在街上主动和他搭话；他收到了工作邀请之类的各种东西。A. details细节；B. changes改变；C. offers提议，邀请；D. applications申请。前文提到大家对史密斯先生表现出信任，“People have been approaching him in the street”说明大家对他很关注，基于他的善举，给他提供工作邀请是合理的，所以这里是说他收到了工作邀请。故选C项。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分；共15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Today’s social justice values respond to this reality, calling on us ___11___ (criticize) oppressive and harmful figures and to gain power for those who have been powerless. But when adult children use the most effective tool they have — themselves — to gain a sense of security and ban their parents ___12___ their lives, the roles are simply switched, and the pain only ___13___ (deepen). 【答案】11. to criticize 12. from 13. deepens 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨当下社会正义价值观下成年子女与父母关系变化及带来的问题。 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：当今的社会正义价值观对这一现实做出了回应，呼吁我们批评压迫性和有害的人物，并为那些无权无势的人争取权力。此处为固定搭配call on sb. to do sth.，意为“呼吁某人做某事”，所以空处用动词不定式to criticize。故填to criticize。 【12题详解】 考查介词。句意：但是，当成年子女利用他们所拥有的最有效的工具 —— 他们自己——来获得安全感并将父母排除在他们的生活之外时，角色就简单地转换了，而痛苦只会加深。此处为固定搭配ban sb. from sth.，意为“禁止某人做某事，禁止某人进入某地”，所以空处应用介词from。故填from。 【13题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：但是，当成年子女利用他们所拥有的最有效的工具——他们自己——来获得安全感并将父母排除在他们的生活之外时，角色就简单地转换了，而痛苦只会加深。此处为谓语动词，结合并列句的谓语动词roles可知，句子用一般现在时，主语the pain是不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式deepens。故填deepens。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 In Traditional Chinese Medicine, cinnamon, known as “Rou Gui”, ___14___ (use) for centuries for its medicinal properties. It is considered a warming herb, meaning that it is believed to relieve pain and discomfort ___15___ (associate) with cold and damp conditions. Cinnamon can harmonize the body’s energies and enhance overall well-being, ___16___ makes it a must for those who want to improve their immune system. 【答案】14. has been used 15. associated 16. which 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是肉桂在中医中的应用及其对身体健康和免疫力的益处。 【14题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：在中医中，肉桂被称为“肉桂”，因其药用特性已被使用了几个世纪。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语for centuries可知，此处用现在完成时，且主语 cinnamon与use之间为被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，其结构为“have/has+been+过去分词”，主语cinnamon是不可数名词，所以用has been used。故填has been used。 【15题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它被认为是一种温性草药，这意味着它被认为可以缓解与寒冷和潮湿状况相关的疼痛和不适。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词 pain and discomfort，且associate与 pain and discomfort之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词 associated。故填associated。 【16题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：肉桂可以调和身体的能量，提高整体健康水平，这使得它成为那些想提高免疫系统的人的必备品。此处为关系词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which。故填which。 C 阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A new study, ___17___ (lead) by Wellesley Centers, found that joining social media before age 11 was significantly related to more “problematic digital behaviors”, compared to those who joined the platforms when they were older. Kids who joined social media before age 11 seemed ___18___(easily) distracted and more unsympathetic. However, they showed greater engagement within the online community. The good news is that parents play an active role and kids showed lessened negative effects ___19___ parental controls. With strong effects of the Internet, we can expect that the need to understand ___20___technology shapes kids in their young ages will become more urgent. 【答案】17. led 18. more easily 19. under 20. how 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。一项新研究发现，与年龄较大时加入社交媒体的人相比，11岁前加入社交媒体的人与更多“有问题的数字行为”有显著关联。父母发挥积极的作用帮助了解技术如何在孩子的年轻时期塑造他们的需求将变得更加迫切。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：韦尔斯利中心(Wellesley Centers)领导的一项新研究发现，与年龄较大时加入社交媒体的人相比，11岁前加入社交媒体的人与更多“有问题的数字行为”有显著关联。分析句子可知，found是谓语动词，领导是非谓语动词。研究和领导是被动关系，用过去分词，故填led。 18题详解】 考查副词比较级。句意：11岁之前加入社交媒体的孩子似乎更容易分心，也更缺乏同情心。根据and后面的more unsympathetic可知，前面也用比较级，副词修饰形容词，用副词比较级。故填more easily。 【19题详解】 考查介词。句意：好消息是，父母发挥了积极的作用，孩子在父母管控的情况下消极影响在变小。本题考查介词词义考查，根据句意的理解。故填写under. 【20题详解】 考查宾语从句连接词。句意：随着互联网的强大影响，我们可以预期，了解技术如何在孩子的年轻时期塑造他们的需求将变得更加迫切。动词后是宾语从句，宾语从句中用how表示“如何”，理解技术怎样塑造孩子。故填how。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Emergencies are scary, but there is now a new smart ring on the market that will quickly call for help when you need it most. Meet Nimb, a ring that includes a panic button. It lets you send emergency alerts (警报) to preset contacts from its mobile app with the touch of a thumb. Whether you are being attacked or experiencing a serious health problem, Nimb will help keep you safe and sound. Smart Ring to the Rescue The story behind the development with this new technology is unique and touching. In 2010, Kathy Roma, who is the co-founder and communications lead with Nimb, was violently attacked by a complete stranger and was on the brink of death. She suffered multiple stab wounds in a safe neighborhood, just a few feet away from a police station. Her saving grace wasn’t just her fight and drive to survive, but the call for help. Since then, she has been searching to find a way for others to have a voice when they，re in need of help and has been a driving force in the development of this new technology. And Nimb is easy to use. All you need to do when you are in trouble is press its button for three seconds and an instant message will be sent to your contacts. Your contacts will get instant emergency alerts on their smartphones and tablets. This smart ring tracks your exact location in real time and your contacts will know where you are at all times. Nimb’s app includes an alert card, and built-in chat and notification features. The ring is compatible (兼容的) with Bluetooth 4+, iOS 7+ and Android 4+. It is also equipped with a rechargeable LiPo Battery that will last about two weeks, and is designed to withstand water and dust. Nimb: Stay Safe in Style What makes this smart ring extra special is that it is cool and futuristic looking. It comes in two colors: Stealth Black and Classic White. The ring is available in US ring sizes 4-12, which means you can wear it on any of your fingers. There’s no doubt this new technology will be a hit on the market: everyone wants to have that extra piece of mind when it comes to health and safety. Nimb retails for $129. 21. Nimb is designed to help users ________. A. relieve pain in stressful situations B. warn friends of surrounding dangers C. call contacts for help in emergencies D. keep track of serious health problems 22. Kathy Roma got the idea of Nimb from________. A. her experience of being attacked B. her desire to have a voice in technology C. her dream of founding her own company D. her drive to survive from a serious disease 23. How do you use Nimb when you are in trouble? A. By editing an emergency message. B. By pressing a button for three seconds. C. By tracking the location of preset contacts. D. By sending alerts to the smartphones nearby. 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的智能戒指Nimb，可以在你最需要它的时候迅速呼救，无论是正在遭受攻击还是在经历严重的健康问题，它都可以帮助人保持安全和健康。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Emergencies are scary, but there is now a new smart ring on the market that will quickly call for help when you need it most.(紧急情况是可怕的，但现在市场上有一种新的智能戒指，可以在你最需要它的时候迅速呼救。)”可知，新型戒指Nimb可以在人最需要它的时候迅速呼救。故答案选C。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In 2010, Kathy Roma, who is the co-founder and communications lead with Nimb, was violently attacked by a complete stranger and was on the brink of death.( 2010年，Nimb的联合创始人和沟通负责人Kathy Roma被一个完全陌生的人暴力袭击，处于死亡边缘。)” Kathy Roma的个人经历可知，Kathy Roma之前经历过严重的袭击，濒临在死亡的边缘，所以才有了发明Nimb的想法。故答案选A。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“All you need to do when you are in trouble is press its button for three seconds and an instant message will be sent to your contacts.(当你遇到麻烦时，只需按下它的按钮三秒钟，即时消息就会发送给你的联系人。)”可知，按下Nimb的按钮三秒钟，就可以立马将消息将发送给联系人。故答案选B。 B Early February, I was flying up to Ohio. Well prepared, I had everything in my favour — fuel for five hours, charts in order, my flight plan on my lap, and a beautiful clear sky. I was wrong. I had heard about Alberta Clippers coming out of Canada. I knew all about them — how an entire air mass was streaming along at over sixty miles an hour. That morning, the Weather Briefer informed me that an Alberta Clipper was going over Chicago about the time I got to the airport. Chicago was some 400 miles from my destination — not a factor, or so I thought. That was the first hint I missed. The controller called and asked if I wanted to adjust my flight plan. I did the check and everything was in the green. So I told him no. Twenty minutes later the controller called again asking whether I wanted to adjust my flight plan. I checked everything. All was fine. I ignored that hint. I was fooled by the smooth air and limited experience with a rapidly moving air mass that was not changing violently. The Alberta Clipper was clipping along. The first blast of turbulence (气流) struck my plane. I got slammed into the roof, and then slammed sideways hitting the window with such force up my nose that I started bleeding. After a 2-hour flight of 100 miles, I realized fuel was now an issue. So was landing. I called Flight’ Following. We. figured out the airport I could land. The engine stopped. So did my heart. There is no quiet as quietly stunning as this one at such an altitude. I had run out of fuel in the left tank, and only a little in my right tank. The engine quit for a second time. I declared an emergency. I was told that I might get another few minutes of fuel if I gently banked the airplane. Luckily; it worked. Then, the engine quit for the last time. I was a glider now. I made a long lazy spiral descent. Down I went. I stopped at the very end of the runway. I made so many mistakes missed so many clues, and showed my ignorance so much that I beat myself up over and over again in my mind. I learned textbook descriptions of Alberta Clippers and real-life experience with one are totally different. I will never forget the sound of that silence. I flew home the next day. Older. Wiser. Humbler. Lucky. 24. We can know from the passage that Alberta Clippers ______. A. can bring snowstorms B. are quick-moving air masses C. are violently changing air pressure D. can lead to a sudden temperature drop 25. What mainly led to the author’s missing all the hints? A. His lack of flying experience. B. His poor preparation for the journey. C. His misjudgement about the air mass. D. His overconfidence in his piloting skills. 26. The passage describes ______. A. a rewarding training B. a serious accident C. a painful exploration D. a narrow escape 【答案】24. B 25. C 26. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在糟糕的天气条件下，坚持飞行，错估天气状况，又遭遇飞机没油和飞机引擎不转，经历了一次死里逃生的飞行经历。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。由第三段的“I had heard about Alberta Clippers coming out of Canada. I knew all about them ― how an entire air mass was streaming along at over sixty miles an hour. (我听说Alberta Clippers从加拿大来了。我对它们了如指掌——整个空气团以每小时60英里的速度流动)”可知，Alberta Clippers是快速移动的气团。故选B项。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。由第五段中的“I ignored that hint. I was fooled by the smooth air and limited experience with a rapidly moving air mass that was not changing violently. (我忽略了这个暗示。我被平稳的空气和有限的经验愚弄了，认为快速移动的空气团没有剧烈的变化)”可知，是作者对气团的错误判断使他忽略了暗示。故选C项。 【26题详解】 主旨大意题。由第六段中的“The first blast of turbulence (气流) struck my plane. I got slammed into the roof, and then slammed sideways hitting the window with such force up my nose that I started bleeding. (我的飞机受到了第一次气流的冲击。我被摔在顶上，然后侧身撞在窗户上，鼻子上的力量太大，我开始流血)”、倒数第三段中的“I had run out of fuel in the left tank, and only a little in my right tank. The engine quit for a second time. I declared an emergency. (我的左油箱没油了，而我的右油箱只有一点油。发动机又一次熄火了。我宣布了紧急情况。)”及“I stopped at the very end of the runway. (我在跑道的尽头停了下来)”和最后一段“I flew home the next day. Older. Wiser. Humbler. Lucky. (第二天我就飞回家了。年纪大了。要更聪明的，更谦卑。真幸运)”可知，文章主要描述了作者死里逃生的一次飞行经历。故选D项。 C Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting creatures,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative meaning. So it seems contradictory to talk about habits in the same context as innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try, the more creative we become. But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. “The first thing needed for innovation is attraction to wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide’, just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider’.” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.” “All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware,” she says. Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the ability to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, collaboratively and innovatively. At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that ability, preserving only those ways of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life. The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us use our innovative and collaborative ways of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system — that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Will…and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have preserved, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in. 27. Brain researchers have discovered that . A. the forming of new habits can be guided B. the development of habits can be predicted C. the regulation of old habits can be transformed D. the track of new habits can be created unconsciously 28. The underlined word“ruts”in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to . A. zones B. connections C. situations D. tracks 29. Which of the following statements most probably agrees with Dawna Markova’s view? A. Decision makes no sense in choices. B. Curiosity makes creative minds active. C. Creative ideas are born of a relaxing mind. D. Formation of innovation comes from fantastic ideas. 30. The purpose of the author writing this article is to persuade us . A. to give up our traditional habits deliberately B. to create and develop new habits consciously C. to resist the application of standardized testing D. to believe that old habits conflict with new habits 【答案】27. A 28. D 29. B 30. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了大脑研究人员发现，新习惯的形成是可以被引导的。介绍了培养新习惯可以增加创造力。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.(但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地养成新习惯时，我们创造了平行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，这些路径可以让我们的思维列车跳到新的、创新的轨道上)”可知，大脑研究人员发现，新习惯的形成是可以被引导的。故选A。 【28题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits”以及后文“Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.(相反，我们刻意灌输给自己的新习惯创造了平行的路径，可以绕过那些旧的路径)”可知，不要费心去戒除旧习惯，因为一旦这些常规轨道被植入大脑，它们就会留在那里。故画线词意思是“轨道”。故选D。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段““The first thing needed for innovation is attraction to wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind.(《开放思想》的作者Dawna Markova说：“创新首先需要的是对奇迹的吸引。”)”以及“A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.(一个好的创新思考者总是在探索许多其他的可能性)”可知，B选项“好奇心使创造性思维活跃”符合Dawna Markova的观点。故选B。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try, the more creative we become.(我们可以通过有意识地培养新习惯来引导自己的改变，而不是认为自己是习惯不变的生物。事实上，我们尝试的新事物越多，我们就越有创造力)”结合文章主要说明了大脑研究人员发现，新习惯的形成是可以被引导的。介绍了培养新习惯可以增加创造力。可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是说服我们有意识地创造和发展新的习惯。故选B。 D The US scientists who created the first living robots say the life forms, known as xenobots, can now reproduce—and in a way not seen in plants and animals. Xenobots are formed from the stem cells of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis), from which it takes its name. “Frogs have a way of reproducing that they normally use, but when you liberate the stem cells from the embryo(胚胎) and you give them a chance to figure out how to be in a new environment, not only do they figure out a new way to move, but they also figure out apparently a new way to reproduce,” said Michael Levin, a professor of biology at Tufts University, who was co-lead author of the new research. Stem cells are unspecialized cells that have the ability to develop into different cell types. To make the xenobots, the researchers removed living stem cells from frog embryos and left them to develop. “Most people think of robots as being made of metal, but it’s not so much what a robot is made from but what it does, which is act on its own on behalf of people,” said Josh Bongard, a computer science professor and robotics expert at the University of Vermont and lead author of the study. “In that way, it’s a robot, but it’s also clearly an organism made from frog cells.” The researchers found that the xenobots could replicate(自我复制). But it happened rarely and only in specific circumstances. The xenobots used “kinetic replication”—a process that is known to occur at the molecular(分子) level. With the help of artificial intelligence, the researchers then tested billions of body shapes to make the xenobots more effective at this type of replication. The supercomputer came up with a C-shape that looked like Pac-Man, the 1980s video game. They found it was able to find tiny stem cells, gather hundreds of them inside its mouth, and a few days later the pack of cells became new xenobots. “The AI didn’t program these machines in the way we usually think about writing code. It shaped and sculpted and came up with this Pac-Man shape,” Bongard said. “The shape is, in essence, the program. The shape influences how the xenobots behave to speed up this incredibly surprising process.” The xenobots are very early technology-think of a 1940s computer—and don’t yet have any practical applications. However, this combination of molecular biology and artificial intelligence could potentially be used in many tasks in the body and the environment. This may include things like collecting microplastics in the oceans, inspecting root systems and regenerative medicine. “There are many things that are possible if we take advantage of this kind of plasticity and ability of cells to solve problems,” Bongard said. 31. According to Josh Bongard, a robot should be defined in terms of ______. A. its function B. its reliability C. its appearance D. its material 32. What can we learn about xenobots from the passage? A. Xenobots have copied stem cells using computer programs. B. Specialized cells play a key role in the replication of xenobots. C. AI makes it possible for xenobots to replicate more effectively. D. The shape of xenobots was inspired from a video game in the 1980s. 33. What is the author’s attitude towards future applications of xenobots? A. Disapproving. B. Optimistic. C. Unconcerned. D. Objective. 34. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Where does the unnatural replication process lead? B. Arc xenobots the future of artificial intelligence? C. The uncertain role of robot reproduction D. Fact or fantasy? Robots can reproduce 【答案】31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们创造出一批可以复制的“异种机器人”，并阐述了研究过程和发展前景。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Most people think of robots as being made of metal, but it’s not so much what a robot is made from but what it does, which is act on its own on behalf of people,(大多数人认为机器人是由金属制成的，但问题不在于机器人是由什么制成的，而在于它能做什么，也就是代表人类独立行动。)”可知，根据Josh Bongard的说法，机器人应该根据它的功能来定义。故选A。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段“With the help of artificial intelligence, the researchers then tested billions of body shapes to make the xenobots more effective at this type of replication.(在人工智能的帮助下，研究人员测试了数十亿个体型，以使异种机器人在这种类型的复制上更有效。)”可知，人工智能使异种机器人更有效地复制成为可能。故选C。 33题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“There are many things that are possible if we take advantage of this kind of plasticity and ability of cells to soh l problems(如果我们利用细胞的这种可塑性和能力来解决问题，就有可能实现很多事情。)”可推断，作者对异种机器人的未来应用持乐观态度。故选B。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The US scientists who created the first living robots say the life forms, known as xenobots, can now reproduce—and in a way not seen in plants and animals.(创造出第一批活体机器人的美国科学家表示，这种被称为“异种机器人”的生命形式现在可以繁殖了，而且是以一种在动植物中未见过的方式。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了科学家们创造出一批可以复制的“异种机器人”，并阐述了研究过程和发展前景。所以“Fact or fantasy? Robots can reproduce(事实还是幻想?机器人可以复制)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。 The game of baseball has long been woven into the fabric of American life. It is no surprise then that the baseball glove is associated with fond memories. ____35____ It is also an example of a product that has been perfected over time. Originally, baseball was played without gloves because the balls were home-made and soft. Made from string covered with leather or cotton sacks stuffed with rags, the balls were easier on the hand. The late 19th century saw baseballs made by machine and standardized across the United States to be tighter and harder, and they were capable of hurting a catcher’s hands. ____36____ Baseball gloves were initially just leather work gloves adapted to suit the player’s needs. ____37____ However, the simple padded work gloves could not prevent knuckles (指关节) from bursting, fingers from splitting and bones from breaking. The solution? More padding was added to the glove. ____38____ This design changed little until the late1930s, when an extra flap web that looked like a fishing net was added between the thumb and the fingers. This made it possible for first basemen to catch thrown balls more easily, revolutionizing the function of the glove. During the first half of the 20th century, fielders’ gloves evolved steadily to improve their catch. Field glove designs were adapted with longer fingers, deeper pockets and larger webs between the thumb and the fingers. New designs also added lace between the fingers, making it easier for players to catch the ball. Even more significantly, a new glove design was introduced in 1957, with a special feature in the heel of the glove’s palm, which allowed the glove to completely fold around the ball. ____39____ This characteristic has become the standard for glove design to this day. Catchers’ and first basemen’s gloves also adopted this style. From fingerless work gloves to flashy gloves designed for each position, the evolution of the baseball glove since the early days of professional baseball is as fascinating as the game itself. Due to technological advances, we may look forward to even newer designs for baseball gloves. A. Behind every glove is a great glove story. B. If a glove is well cared for, it can last decades. C. This led to gloves being designed to soften the catch. D. However, the baseball glove is more than an item of emotional value. E. Thanks to this new design, fielders could easily snatch (一下夺过) the ball with only one hand. F. Early first baseball glove designs were specialized from the padded fielders’ glove to an open glove design. G. For example, catchers’ gloves were work gloves without fingers to allow the player to better handle the ball. 【答案】35. D 36. C 37. G 38. F 39. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了棒球手套的演变是一个通过创新不断改进的过程。 【35题详解】 根据前文“The game of baseball has long been woven into the fabric of American life. It is no surprise then that the baseball glove is associated with fond memories.(棒球运动早已融入美国人的生活。因此，棒球手套与美好的回忆联系在一起也就不足为奇了)”以及后文“It is also an example of a product that has been perfected over time.(它也是一个随着时间不断完善的产品的例子)”可知，空处应是过渡句，所以D项“However, the baseball glove is more than an item of emotional value.(然而，棒球手套不仅仅是一件具有情感价值的物品)”和前文构成转折关系，引出下文，符合文意。故选D项。 【36题详解】 根据前文“The late 19th century saw baseballs made by machine and standardized across the United States to be tighter and harder, and they were capable of hurting a catcher’s hands.(19世纪后期，棒球由机器制造，并在美国标准化，变得更紧、更硬，而且能伤到接球手的手)”可推知，针对棒球会伤到接球手的手这一问题，结合全文讲棒球手套的演变，可知该空内容与人们设计出一种手套以减轻接球时的疼痛有关，C项“This led to gloves being designed to soften the catch.(这导致了手套的设计，以软化捕获)”是前句产生的结果，符合文意。故选C项。 37题详解】 根据第二段尾句“Baseball gloves were initially just leather work gloves adapted to suit the player’s needs.(棒球手套最初只是皮革工作手套，以适应球员的需要)”以及后文“However, the simple padded work gloves could not prevent knuckles (指关节) from bursting, fingers from splitting and bones from breaking. The solution? More padding was added to the glove.(然而，简单的填充工作手套并不能防止指关节破裂，手指裂开，骨头断裂。解决方案?更多的填充物被添加到手套中)”可知，此处在讲述刚开始的棒球手套的缺点，所以G项“For example, catchers’ gloves were work gloves without fingers to allow the player to better handle the ball.(例如，接球手的手套是没有手指的工作手套，以便球员更好地处理球)”是在举例说明早期手套的样子，承接上文，和后文构成转折关系，符合文意。故选G项。 【38题详解】 根据后文“This design changed little until the late 1930s, when an extra flap web that looked like a fishing net was added between the thumb and the fingers. This made it possible for first basemen to catch thrown balls more easily, revolutionizing the function of the glove.(这种设计直到20世纪30年代末才发生了变化，当时在拇指和手指之间增加了一个看起来像渔网的额外襟翼。这使得一垒手能够更容易地接住投掷的球，彻底改变了手套的功能)”可知，空处应是提到了一种使用了较久的手套设计，手套设计与有“额外襟翼”便于接球相关，所以F项“Early first baseball glove designs were specialized from the padded fielders’ glove to an open glove design.(早期的棒球手套设计从加垫的守备球员手套发展到了开放式手套设计)”符合文意。故选F项。 【39题详解】 根据前文“Field glove designs were adapted with longer fingers, deeper pockets and larger webs between the thumb and the fingers. New designs also added lace between the fingers, making it easier for players to catch the ball. Even more significantly, a new glove design was introduced in 1957, with a special feature in the heel of the glove’s palm, which allowed the glove to completely fold around the ball.(Field glove的设计适应了更长的手指，更深的口袋和更大的拇指和手指之间的网。新的设计还增加了手指之间的花边，使球员更容易接球。更重要的是，1957年推出了一种新的手套设计，在手套手掌的后跟处有一个特殊的设计，可以让手套完全折叠在球周围)”以及后文“This characteristic has become the standard for glove design to this day.(这一特点至今已成为手套设计的标准)”可知，此处讲述新型手套的设计和优点，让它成为手套设计的标准，所以E项“Thanks to this new design, fielders could easily snatch (一下夺过) the ball with only one hand.(由于这种新的设计，外野手可以很容易地用一只手抓住球)”是对这种设计优点的解释，符合文意。故选E项。 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 We all love to criticize, but unfortunately, we also hate being criticized. We freely post and comment on others, but feel annoyed at the way others assess us, both online and in person. The world seems unlikely to change anytime soon. Fortunately, though, each of us can change how we give and take criticism, which will make us less likely to harm others, more resistant to being angry, and better able to benefit from feedback — even when it is negative. Criticism is defined as judgment of the merits (优点) and faults of something or someone in written or spoken form. Technically, criticism can include praise, but that isn’t what concerns us here. What annoys us is criticism of the negative variety, even when well-intentioned — so-called constructive criticism, which means to provide guidance so we can improve. Worst of all is destructive criticism, which aims to cause hurt or damage. The culture of criticism isn’t going away. The only way to flourish (繁荣) in it, and despite it, is to adopt new habits of getting and giving critical feedback. One rule is to assume that criticism, even when it seems personal, is not actually about you personally. When we receive criticism, we make it personal in two ways. First, we may naturally analyze the critic rather than the criticism. Second, we tend to consider the criticism a judgment on our natural abilities, rather than on our performance. Interestingly, even among young children, research shows that viewing criticism as a judgment on one’s abilities can lead to lower self-worth, lower positive mood, and less persistence at tasks. If taking criticism is particularly hard for you, you are not alone. However, taking criticism badly is more embarrassing, ultimately, than the criticism itself. If we do the work to learn to accept negative feedback, we will be much better off. 40. What will be the results of changing the way we give and take criticism? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What is the difference between constructive and destructive criticism? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Children who receive criticism have lower self-worth because they take criticism as a judgment on their performance. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 43. What benefit(s) would you gain from learning to accept negative feedback? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. We will be less likely to harm others, more resistant to being angry, and better able to benefit from feedback— even when it is negative. 41. Constructive criticism means to provide guidance so we can improve, while destructive criticism aims to cause hurt or damage. 42. Children who receive criticism have lower self-worth because they take criticism as a judgment on their performance. They take criticism as a judgment on their abilities. 43. Learning to accept negative feedback can help us resist anger more easily and criticize more correctly. In addition, accepting negative feedback can help us put our shortcomings in perspective, correct our mistakes and improve ourselves. 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，说明了批评对我们的影响及我们应如何正确地对待批评。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Fortunately, though, each of us can change how we give and take criticism, which will make us less likely to harm others, more resistant to being angry, and better able to benefit from feedback— even when it is negative.(幸运的是，我们每个人都可以改变我们给予和接受批评的方式，这将使我们不太可能伤害别人，更抵制愤怒，并能更好地从反馈中获益——即使是消极的反馈)”可知，改变我们给予和接受批评的方式会使我们不太可能伤害别人，更抵制愤怒，并能更好地从反馈中获益——即使是消极的反馈。故答案为We will be less likely to harm others, more resistant to being angry, and better able to benefit from feedback — even when it is negative. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“What annoys us is criticism of the negative variety, even when well-intentioned — so-called constructive criticism, which means to provide guidance so we can improve. Worst of all is destructive criticism, which aims to cause hurt or damage.(让我们烦恼的是负面的批评，即使是善意的所谓建设性的批评，也意味着提供指导，让我们提高。最糟糕的是破坏性的批评，它的目的是造成伤害或破坏)”可知，建设性的批评是指提供指导，使我们能够改进，而破坏性的批评旨在造成伤害或损害。故答案为Constructive criticism means to provide guidance so we can improve, while destructive criticism aims to cause hurt or damage. 【42题详解】 考查推理判断。根据文章倒数第二段“Second, we tend to consider the criticism a judgment on our natural abilities, rather than on our performance. Interestingly, even among young children, research shows that viewing criticism as a judgment on one’s abilities can lead to lower self-worth, lower positive mood, and less persistence at tasks.(第二，我们倾向于认为批评是对我们天生能力的判断，而不是对我们的表现的判断。有趣的是，研究表明，即使是在年幼的孩子中，将批评视为对一个人能力的判断，也会导致自我价值降低、积极情绪降低、任务坚持度降低)”可推知，接受批评的孩子自我价值较低，因为他们把批评当成对自己能力的评判，而不是表现得判断。故答案为Children who receive criticism have lower self-worth because they take criticism as a judgment on their performance./They take criticism as a judgment on their abilities. 【43题详解】 开放性试题。根据文章最后一段“If we do the work to learn to accept negative feedback, we will be much better off.(如果我们努力学习接受负面反馈，我们就会变得更好)”可知，学习接受负面反馈能帮助我们更容易抵制愤怒，同时更正确地进行批评。此外，接受负面反馈还能帮助我们正确地看待自己的不足，纠正错误并提高自己。故答案为Learning to accept negative feedback can help us resist anger more easily and criticize more correctly. In addition, accepting negative feedback can help us put our shortcomings in perspective, correct our mistakes and improve ourselves. 第二节 写作 （20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，高考备考使你压力很大，你的英国朋友Jim经常通过邮件给你鼓励、疏导情绪，使你能够调整状态，重新投入学习。请你用英语给Jim写封邮件，内容包括： 1.表示对他感谢； 2.描述你的状态。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Jim, I’m writing this email to pour out my heartfelt gratitude to you. As the college entrance examination approaches, the study load has become truly overwhelming. Endless mock exams and piles of assignments had almost crushed my spirit, leaving me in a state of constant anxiety. However, your emails were like a beam of light in the dark. Your words of encouragement and rational advice gave me the strength to face my fears. Because of you, I’ve learned effective stress - relieving techniques and regained my focus. Now, I’m full of energy, actively engaging in review. Each day, I’m making progress, confident that I’ll perform well in the exam. Once again, thank you. I’m incredibly lucky to have you as a friend. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生就英国朋友Jim经常通过邮件给予鼓励、疏导情绪，使自己能够调整状态，重新投入学习这事，给他写封邮件感谢。其内容包括：示对他感谢和描述你状态。 【详解】1.词汇积累 感谢：gratitude→thankfulness 不计其数的：endless→countless 然而：however→ nevertheless 建议：advice→suggestion 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Endless mock exams and piles of assignments had almost crushed my spirit, leaving me in a state of constant anxiety. 拓展句：Endless mock exams and piles of assignments had almost crushed my spirit,which left me in a state of constant anxiety. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 As the college entrance examination approaches, the study load has become truly overwhelming.（运用了as引导的时间状语从句） 【高分句型2】Each day, I’m making progress, confident that I’ll perform well in the exam.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$