专题03 阅读理解（说明文&议论文）（四川专用）- 【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末真题分类汇编

专题03 阅读理解（说明文&议论文）（原卷版） （一） （23-24高一下·四川成都市成华区·期末统考） Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, happy and slim, according to new research. A study analyzing the DNA of individuals who identified as either “morning larks” or “night owls” found that those who preferred to wake up early tended to have a lower body weight, were less likely to suffer from depression, and were less easy to be affected by sleeplessness. The study, which involved nearly 90,000 participants, identified 15 genes (基因) that were associated with a person’s preference for mornings or evenings. Interestingly, the preference for mornings increased with age, with older individuals more likely to be morning types than younger individuals. Additionally, women were found to be more likely to enjoy mornings than men. While researchers are still unsure of the exact reasons behind the link between a person’s body clock and their health, it is believed that staying up late may have negative effects on evening types. For example, a gene related to body weight was found to influence whether someone was a morning or night person. Despite the potential health benefits of being an early riser, night owls need not despair. Previous research has found that night owls tend to be more intelligent than early risers. The division into larks and owls is thought to have evolutionary roots, with early risers taking the lead in food gathering during the Stone Age, while night owls stood guard late into the night. Overall, the study highlights the importance of understanding how our body clock influences our preferences and behaviors, and how genetic factors may play a role in shaping our daily routines. 12. What do early risers tend to do? A They are healthier and happier. B. They are more depressed. C. They don’t sleep well. D. They eat less. 13. Which group is more likely to be morning people? A. Older people. B. Younger people. C. People standing guard. D. People with a higher body weight. 14. Why do night owls stay up late? A. They have bad habits. B. Their gene may play a part. C. They want to protect the group. D. They like to gather food at night. 15. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Morning people are healthier than night people. B. Older people are more likely to be morning people. C. Night people are more intelligent than morning people. D. Our body clock influences our preferences and behaviors. （二） （23-24高一下·四川成都市石室中学·期末校考） （1） When we are desperately searching for our glasses, wallet or keys, we might wish to have a photo-graphic memory, but the truth is we are designed to forget. In fact, the majority of what we experience in a given day is likely to be forgotten in less than 24 hours. And that is a good thing. Think of all the passing encounters with people you will never see again and the times you spend waiting in a queue at the supermarket. If our brains hoarded (贮藏) every moment of every experience, we would never be able to find the information we need among an ever-increasing pile of information. So, if memory is not supposed to be a comprehensive collection of the past, what is the point of remembering at all?To answer this question, it helps to think about what it means to remember in the first place. For more than 25 years, I have studied how we are able to recall past events, an ability known as “episodic memory”. It is described as the uniquely human capability for “mental time travel, roaming at will over what has happened as readily as over what might happen, independently of the physical laws that govern the universe”. I first read this description of mental time travel when I was a graduate student, and I was deeply sceptical. Now, with the wisdom of age, I understand what it meant. When you recall a rich episodic memory, there is a noticeable feeling of being transported back to a point in your past, a specific time and place. For instance, the smell of freshly baked pastries might remind you of having breakfast with your grandmother. Findings from my lab and others have shown that, at the moment of remembering, the brain appears to return a bit to the state that it was in at the time, enabling us to relive these past experiences. This is why, if you have misplaced your keys, it can be helpful to put yourself, mentally into the context where you last saw them. Getting in touch with the sights, sounds and thoughts from an earlier time period can be an effective way of accessing those memories. 8. Why does the author think forgetfulness is a good thing? A. We are born to forget the past events. B. It helps to find the needed information. C. All the encounters are not that pleasant. D. Our brains fail to hoard important moments. 9. What do we know about “episodic memory”? A. It partly depends on the physical laws. B. It explains our ability to remember the past. C It becomes obvious with the wisdom of age. D. It focuses on purposeful mental time travel. 10. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning freshly baked pastries? A. To express love for grandmother. B. To share a feeling of time travel. C. To illustrate a vivid episodic memory. D. To forget precious past experiences. 11. What can we do to find the misplaced keys? A. Recall the situation where we saw them. B. Search the labs where we do experiments. C Think in our mind what they looked like. D. Write our real thoughts related to them. （2） Computer scientists have hoped to give robots technical skills to help them recognize, process and react to humor. But these attempts have mostly failed. AI (人工智能) experts say that in many cases, attempts to make robots understand humor end up producing funny results, but not in the way they were supposed to. Tristan Miller studied more than 10,000 puns (双关语) in one research project. The pun is a kind of joke that uses a word with two meanings. For example, you could say, “Balloons do not like pop music.” The word “pop” can be a way of saying popular music; or can mean the sound a balloon makes when it explodes. But a robot might not get the joke. Tristan Miller says that is because humor is a kind of creative language that is extremely difficult for computer intelligence to understand. Allison Bishop is a computer scientist and she also performs stand-up comedy. She explained that machines are trained to look for patterns. Comedy, on the other hand, relies on things that stay dose to a pattern, kit not completely within it. To be funny, humor should also not be predictable, Bishop said. This sets a great obstacle for a machine to recognize and understand what is funny. Bishop says since robots have great difficulty understanding humor, she feels like it gives her better job security as a comedy performer. It even made her parents happy when her brother decided to become a full-time comedy writer because it meant he wouldn’t be replaced by a machine, she added. Despite the difficulties, Darmstadt University’s Miller says there are good reasons to keep trying to teach humor to robots. It could make machines more relatable, especially if they can learn to understand sarcasm (讽刺), he noted. Humans use sarcasm to say one thing but mean another. But Kiki Hempelmann thinks differently. “Teaching AI systems humor may make them find it where it isn’t, and they may use it where it’s inappropriate,” he said. “Maybe bad AI will start killing people because it thinks something is funny,” he added. 12. What does the author most probably want to show in Paragraph 1? A. Robots’ influence on the scientific development. B. Robots’ challenges of making sense of humor. C. Computer scientists’ devotion to technical skills. D. Computer scientists’ concern about AI’s development. 13. Examples mentioned in Paragraphs 2 and 3 are intended to ___________-. A. prove robots do poorly in funny work B. explain robots aren’t as intelligent as humans C. describe language is complex and changeable D. show language can’t be taught in a set pattern 14. What does the underlined word “obstacle” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Barrier. B. Record. C. Message. D. Possibility. 15. What can we infer about teaching AI system humor from the last paragraph? A. It will end up in vain. B. It may be a double-edged sword. C. It may help improve humans’ humor. D. It will attract more computer scientists. （三） （23-24高一下·四川达州市·期末统考） （1） Bertrand Russell (1872-1970) is a British philosopher, logician and social reformer. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950. Russell’s contributions to logic, and the philosophy of mathematics established him as one of the foremost philosophers of the 20th century. To the general public, however, he was best known for peace and as a popular writer on social and political subjects. During along, productive life, he published more than 70 books and about 2, 000 articles. Russell’s article on the philosophical consequences of relativity appeared in the 13th edition of the Encyclopadia Britannica (不列颠大百科). Bertrand Russell was born in Ravenscroft. His grandfather, Lord John Russell, was the youngest son of the 6th Duke (公爵) of Bedford. In 1861, after along and excellent political career, Lord John Russell was entitled by Queen Victoria, becoming the 1st Earl Russell. Bertrand Russell became the 3rd Earl Russell in 1931, after his elder brother, Frank, died childless. In 1944 Russell returned to Trinity College, and formed his last major contribution to philosophy, Human Knowledge: Its Scope and Limits (1948). As for his private life, however, he left his third wife in 1949.During this period Russell found favour with the authorities, and he received many official honors, including the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950. For a while he shared a house in London, with his son John, and engaged himself to writing short stories. When he died in 1970, Russell was far better known as an antiwar (反战) campaigner than as a philosopher of mathematics. However, it is for his great contributions to philosophy that he will be honoured by future generations. 4. What was Bertrand Russell well known as from the perspective of the public? A. A politician B. A writer C. A reformer D. A literate 5. Why was John Russell honored by the Queen of England? A. He did well in the government. B. He wrote many books. C. He had a famous grandson. D. He formed his own philosophy. 6. In what order does the author develop the 2nd paragraph? A. Space B. Emotion C. Importance D. Time 7. What do you think of Bertrand Russell according to the passage? A. Bad-tempered B. Narrow-minded C. Peace-loving D. Kind-hearted （2） Research has shown that human beings are dependent in nature. We therefore depend on each other to survive in life. The interdependence of people therefore leads to development of interpersonal relationships that are built with the aim of making life better and building frameworks for success. Relationships area common phenomena in the society and they are found everywhere in families, schools, workplaces, professional teams, etc. Each kind of relationship has its own requirements and unofficial rules and each individual relates with a second individual in a unique way depending on the characters of the two individuals. Since there is no perfect society, relationships are built under very strong foundations of mistakes and compromises. Other people may conduct research on how they are supposed to relate to people but this has seldom worked for people. Therefore, the strongest relationships are built through people relating with each other and knowing each other with time. Since the society is made up of people, they are the key determinants of how their society will be. Thus, for a society to be a good one, the people living in it should relate well and solve differences properly. The achievement of this goal may prove not to be given direct answers but with persistence and goodwill, a good society is achievable. The people living in the society just have to wish each other well and be willing to help each other as humanly as possible. The development of a good relationship among human beings living together is of great importance to both the people and the community. It is common knowledge that when individuals in a given community or organization fallout in public, it is the organization that suffers more than the people involved. With this kind of statement, one may even wonder why people have to disagree their society causing losses that may be financial or otherwise. Building a relationship acts as an investment (投资) or even insurance against bad lucks. As a matter of fact, keeping good relationships between and among people costs a lot of offerings. This is because nobody is perfect and thus to own a good relationship with other people, there has to be compromises. 8. Which word can be used to describe people’s survival in the society? A. Dependent B. Independent C. Indifferent D. Aggressive 9. What does the underlined word “compromises” mean in the passage? A. Sideways B. Opportunities C. Middle ways D. Branches 10. What is the key of the best relationship according to the passage? A. Having the same age B. Enjoying the same hobby C. Living in the same community D. Building a steady relationship over a long time 11. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Requirements of each relationship B. Development of a good relationship C. Ineffective research about relationship D. Reasons of building a harmonious relationship （3） The ability to change genes to prevent disease has advanced significantly in the last decade. Ever since the double-helix (螺旋) structure of DNA was found in the early 1950s, scientists have assumed about the possibility of artificially modifying DNA to change the functions of part of our body. The first approved gene treatment occurred in 1990, when a four-year-old girl had her own white blood cells removed, added with the genes that produce an ADA, and then put into her body to treat ADA, a genetic condition that improves the immune system’s ability to fight diseases. The patient’s body began producing the ADA enzyme (酶) , but new white blood cells with the corrected gene were not produced, so she had to continue receiving the addition. Now, genetic engineering is more available than ever before, thanks in large part to a new tool first used to change eukaryotic cells (complex cells with a nucleus) in 2013: CRISPR-Cas9. The gene editing tool works by locating a targeted section of DNA and “cutting” out that section with the Cas9 enzyme. An optional third step involves replacing the deleted section of DNA with new genetic material. The technique can be used for a wide range of applications, from increasing the muscle mass of animals kept on a farm, to producing resistant and fruitful crops and to treating diseases like cancer by removing a patient’s immune system cells, improving them to better fight a disease and planting again them into the patient’s body. In late 2018, Chinese researchers led by He Jiankui announced that they had used CRISPR-Cas9 to genetically change human embryo (胚胎), which were then transferred to a woman’s body and resulted in the birth of twin girls — the first gene-edited babies. The twins’ genes were improved to make the girls more resistant (抵抗的) to HIV, although the genetic alterations may have also resulted in unintended changes. The work was widely citicised by the scientific community, showing a need for stricter regulations for how these powerful new tools are used, particularly when it comes to changing the DNA of embryos and using those embryos to have live children. 12. What is the main idea of the 2nd paragraph? A. A patient was successfully treated with technology of gene. B. Research of DNA related with gene was applied to fight diseases. C. The girl stopped the treatment because her old blood cells were removed. D The immune system’s ability to fight disease is worth doubting at present. 13. The function of the CRISPR-Cas9 enzyme in genetic engineering is like . A. a saw B. a fork C. a scissor D. a needle 14. What is the author’s attitude towards the gene-edited baby? A. Objective. B. Supportive. C. Pessimistic. D. Unconcerned. 15. What’s the best title of the passage? A. Bearing live children with edited gene B. Editing gene improved greatly during recent years C. Producing new blood cells with the corrected gene D. Making resisted crops with the genetic engineering （四） （23-24高一下·四川乐山市·期末统考） （1） Nearly one in six adolescents (青少年) have experienced cyberbullying (网络欺凌), an international study has found. More school-aged children have reported being cyberbullied than before the pandemic, according to the report by the World Health Organization (WHO). The study surveyed more than 279,000 young people from 44 countries and regions. In Wales, where nearly 37,000 young people were surveyed, 17% reported experiencing cyberbullying. The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey suggests the percentage of adolescents who reported being cyberbullied has increased since 2018, from 12% to 15% for boys and 13% to 16% for girls. In England, where more than 4,200 young people were surveyed, nearly one in five (19%) reported being cyberbullied at least once or twice in the past couple of months, and 11% reported cyberbullying others. In Scotland, where more than 4,300 young people were surveyed, 18% said they had experienced cyberbullying and 11% reported cyberbullying others. The report said there was an “urgent need” to educate young people, families and schools of the forms of cyberbullying and its impacts. Dr. Hans Henri P. Kluge, WHO regional director for Europe, said: “Protecting the health and wellbeing of teenagers and young adults is now a top priority, especially when it comes to addressing online peer violence (暴力). Cyberbullying, in particular, must be viewed as a major societal issue. With young people spending up to six hours online every single day, even small changes in the rates of bullying and violence can have deep influences on the health and wellbeing of thousands. This is both a health and a human rights issue, and we must step up to protect our children from violence and harm, both offline and online.” 24. What did the survey by WHO focus on? A. The reasons for worldwide adolescent cyberbullying. B. Effective anti-cyberbullying measures in schools. C. The seriousness of cyberbullying among adolescents. D. Positive and negative influences of cyberbullying. 25. What can be learned from paragraph 2? A. More adolescents are cyberbullied in Wales. B. Cyberbullying has become more common in schools. C. Cyberbullied people often cyberbully others. D. Boys are more likely to be cyberbullied than girls. 26. Why does Kluge think cyberbullying is a serious issue? A. Because it attracts more adolesents to stay online. B. Because it makes young people spend more time online. C. Because it takes many forms and is hard to discover. D. Because it is a kind of violence and harms teenagers a lot. 27. What is the text mainly about? A. The rise of cyberbullying among adolescents. B. Harms of the Internet for young people. C. Cyberbullying’s impact on teenagers’ social skills. D. Measures to prevent online violence. （2） Swimming in schools (群体) has massive energy-saving benefits for fish. A study by Zhang and Lauder from Harvard University has found that fish use half as much energy swimming at high speeds if they are in a school rather than alone, and they also recover in nearly half the time. It has long been thought that swimming in schools reduces energy use in addition to various other benefits. But measuring energy use in free-swimming fish is not easy, not least because as fish swim faster they can no longer produce enough energy using only the oxygen they take in via their gills (鳃) — aerobic respiration (有氧呼吸) and start using energy reserves stored in muscles — anaerobic respiration (厌氧呼吸). In the study, Zhang and Lauder put an individual fish and schools of around eight fish in long, narrow sealed tunnels where the speed of the water flow can be easily controlled. They then measured oxygen consumption. Different from previous studies, the pair kept measuring oxygen consumption for at least 19 hours after the fish swam at a certain speed. They found that at low speeds — between 0 and 3 body lengths per second — there was little difference in energy use between schools and single fish. But at higher speeds fish in schools used a lot less energy. At 7 body lengths per second, for instance, on average each fish in a school used 53 per cent less energy than single fish. At this speed the schooling fish were still getting 50 percent of their energy from aerobic respiration, whereas the single fish were getting just 20 per cent, relying on anaerobic sources for the other 80 per cent. “This study is exciting because it shows an indirect but overlooked benefit of these energy savings, which means fish have more energy to spend searching for food, digesting meals or avoiding predators.” says Shaun Killenat the University of Glasgow in the UK. 32. When fish swim at high speeds, they ________. A. consume no energy B. seldom breathe C. need more energy D. relax now and then 33. How did Zhang and Lauder do their research? A. By analyzing existing data. B. By conducting an experiment. C. By learning from previous studies. D. By observing fish in natural environment. 34. What can we infer from paragraph 4? A. The schooling fish save energy more efficiently. B. A single fish always uses more energy in swimming. C. Fish in schools swim faster than a single fish. D. Speed has nothing to do with energy consumption. 35. Where can we find the text? A. In a duty report. B. In a published book. C. In a science magazine. D. In a travel brochure. （五） （23-24高一下·四川泸州市·期末统考） （1） Happiness is a relative concept, but an annual index (指数) that tracks it in countries around the world has found that the United States is falling in overall well-being because younger people are feeling less and less happy. The US, for the first time, dropped out of the top 20 of the list, falling to 23rd place from 15th last year, driven by a large drop in the well-being of Americans under 30. The age difference is strikingly evident: The US ranks in the top 10 for those over 60, but for those under 30, it ranks 62nd, pulling down the overall score. The findings were announced Wednesday to mark the United Nations International Day of Happiness. It’s based on data collected by the research company Gallup and analysis by academics led by Oxford University in the UK. For the first time this year, the report gave separate rankings by age group. The report found that Lithuania topped the list for people under 30, while Denmark is the world’s happiest country for those of 60 years old and more. “We had picked up in recent years from scattered (零散的) sources of data that child and youth well-being, particularly in the United States, had seen a drop,” said Jan-Emmanuel De Neve, professor of economics and behavioral science at Oxford, who is one of the editors of the report. “That has pushed us for the first time to really slice and dice the data by these age groups, which we normally don’t do.” Well-being for people under 30 in the US ranks below the Dominican Republic, and is in line with countries such as Malaysia and Russia. Canada’s unhappy youth rank 58, four spots above the US. Meanwhile, the report also found that in countries of central and Eastern Europe, younger people are much happier than old people. But these countries have also seen the largest increases in happiness, for all ages. This year, Finland remained on top of the list, and was followed by Denmark, Iceland and Sweden. The lowest happiness scores were registered in war-ravaged Afghanistan. 8. What is the US’s new place based on the overall score? A. 10. B. 20. C. 23. D. 60. 9. Which country stands first on the list for people over 60? A. Lithuania. B. Denmark. C. Malaysia. D. Finland. 10. What did the researchers do about the data? A. They grouped the detailed facts. B. They rearranged the information in detail. C. They removed the information about ages. D. They analyzed the specific facts in age groups. 11. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. US well-being drops due to unhappy youth. B. Global well-being index sees significant falls. C. UN International Day of Happiness is celebrated. D. Happiness levels are greatly affected by the elderly. （2） Considering irrigation’s importance for global food production and food security and for the quality and quantity of water resources, effective irrigation (灌溉) water management is a global priority. Whether or not current levels of irrigation are sustainable, and whether additional irrigation is possible, irrigation clearly depends strongly on the availability of water supplies. Based on these factors, the company Responsive Drip Irrigation (RDI) created a new type of technology, GrowStream. This is a new irrigation system that communicates directly with plants to understand their needs, delivering water when the plant interacts with the system. When plants need water, they release root exudates (分泌物) to engage in “dialogue” with microbes (微生物) found in soil. RDI takes advantage of this finding by using these substances to turn irrigation systems on and off. GrowStream’s tubes feature tiny holes made of chemical material that can accept those root exudates indicating when the tiny holes need to open and release water. As plants drink enough water, they stop releasing those substances and this tells the micropores to close the system. The water continuously streams through the tubes but is only released when the plants actually need it. This system can also be used to deliver useful substances directly to the root of the plants with the same innovative sensor system. In drought-stricken areas, this technology has the potential to increase crop yields, improve food security, save enormous amounts of water and reduce energy consumption. According to the Fast Company report, RDI says that it saves 45-50 percent more water than regular drip irrigation, another small-tubed system that is widely applied in countries that are facing severe drought. Besides, there’s no electricity or controllers to program. It’s simple to build and maintain the system. The company already has many projects in place around the globe, addressing the threat of drought in farms. GrowStream is more than a technology, related Jan Gould, CEO of RDI, as the company’s number one goal is to create awareness of earth’s limited natural resources and people’s responsibility to care for it in a new way. 12. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. How to manage water sources. B. What to do about plants’ needs. C. Why to come up with GrowStream. D. When to keep water supplies available. 13. What can be learned from Paragraph 2 about the new system? A. It can turn microbes into soil. B. It can operate all by itself. C. It can produce enough drinking water. D. It can protect plants against exudates. 14. What may be the author’s attitude towards GrowStream? A. Doubtful. B. Indifferent. C. Uncertain. D. Supportive. 15 Which could be the best title for the text? A. An Irrigation System That Can “Talk” with Plants B. The Significance of Developing Natural Resources C. The Challenges of Confirming the Global Food Security D. A Responsible Company That Can Take a Lead in Agriculture （六） （23-24高一下·四川眉山市·期末校考） （1） At Manzo Elementary School in Tucson, Arizona, raising fish at school was one small answer to a big problem: many people in the neighborhood did not have enough food to eat. The students could eat breakfast and lunch at school, but their families didn’t always have enough money to provide dinner. Buying fresh foods, such as vegetables and meat, was difficult. Then the teachers had an idea: could the students raise food at school for the neighborhood? The project wouldn’t be easy to carry out. Tucson is in a desert, so water is a precious resource. Soil in the desert doesn’t always have the nutrients plants need to grow, so the students would need to add a natural fertilizer (肥料). Counselor (顾问) Moses Thompson read about aquaponics, a way of growing fish and plants together for food. Hundreds of years ago, the Aztecs built “floating farms” called chinampas on the lakes outside what is now Mexico City. Inspired by that, Moses helped the school set up a system in which fish waste fertilizes plants, and the plants’ roots clean the water in the fish tank. Fish aren’t the only animals that help students feed their neighbors. Chickens lay eggs. Visiting pollinators help turn flowers into beans, tomatoes and so on. “Bees and butterflies come,” says Santiago, aged 10. When the students have raised enough food, it’s time for Market Day. Vegetables are available for donation to people in the neighborhood. Students sell eggs and tilapia (罗非鱼) to raise money for seeds, fish food and chicken food. “People don’t have a lot of money, so it’s a nice dream we have to give them food,” says Emmanuel, aged 11. “It’s an opportunity to be healthy and eat better.” “We can plant good food and have fun while we’re doing something important,” says Blanka, aged 10. “I’m so happy to be at this school.” 4. What is the purpose of the project? A. To promote harmony between family and school. B. To provide part-time jobs for the students. C. To increase income of the school teachers. D. To feed poor people in the local neighborhood. 5. What can we know about the system of aquaponics? A. It needs an added natural fertilizer to function. B. It suits a desert environment like Tucson best. C. It belongs to a sustainable farming method. D. It has long been used in the United States. 6. What does the underlined word “pollinators” in Paragraph 5 probably refer to? A. Some fishes. B. Some experts. C. Some technologies. D. Some insects. 7. What can we learn about the project from the last three paragraphs? A. It receives a warm welcome. B. It helps earn much money. C. It needs to be more creative. D. It takes ages to see the results. （2） Coffee plants grow wild in Ethiopia, Africa and were probably used by local people for thousands of years, but it wasn’t until the 1400s that people found they could roast (烘烤) its seeds. Then it really took off. By the 1500s, the drink had spread across the Arab world. Within another 150 years, it took Europe by storm. “It actually had a major influence on the rise of business,” says historian Pendergrast. Coffeehouses became a spot not just to enjoy a cup but to exchange ideas. Literature, newspapers and even some great musical works were also produced in coffeehouses. It is often said that after the Boston Tea Party of 1773, when American police raided (突击搜查) British tea ships and threw boxes of tea into the harbor, Americans universally changed over to drinking coffee. In a letter John Adams, the Founding Father, declared his love of tea but said he would have to learn to accept coffee instead, because drinking tea meant not supporting America. For all the upsides coffee has brought the modern world, it also resulted in downsides, too. Europeans carried coffee with them as they occupied various parts of the world, and this frequently meant they enslaved (奴役) people in order to grow it. “Ironically (讽刺地), to seek equality, people came together to plan the French Revolution (革命) in coffeehouses,” Pendergrast says. “But they were there drinking coffee grown by African slaves.” Today, coffee has become a powerful drink. Many people drink it for breakfast to start their day and to relax at the end of it. It not only helps keep us awake and active, it also has helped shape our history and continues to shape our culture. As Pendergrast puts it, coffee “had a very good impact in many ways on our civilization, even though it was, for a long time, grown by slaves.” 8. What can we learn about coffee drinking from the first two paragraphs? A. It started thousands of years ago. B. It caused heavy rain in Europe. C. It pushed the rise of business. D. It provided many jobs for people. 9. What happened after the Boston Tea Party of 1773? A. A war broke out between the USA and Britain. B. American police took control of British ships. C. Americans generally began to drink coffee. D. John Adams changed over to drinking tea. 10. What is the author’s attitude to coffee? A. Positive. B. Objective. C. Negative. D. Unclear. 11. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. How Coffee Influenced the Course of History B. How Coffee Developed into a National Drink C. How Coffee Made Its Way to the World D. How Coffee Influenced the Equality of the World （3） Nowadays most kids live on their digital devices. Some data show that the social media could play a role in their mental health — something that has been on the decrease among teens and tweens. But how big a role it plays also appears to depend on how kids choose to use it. In recent years, the internet has done some great things. It’s brought people closer together. It’s helped people form big communities in the world. And it can be an important place for people to find support and connection. But some adolescents (青少年) can be exposed to something harmful. For example, one 2022 survey found that nearly half of all teens have been cyberbullied (网络欺凌) online. The same survey found that nearly two in every three adolescents experienced hate-based content on social media. Social media is also a space where people are repeatedly comparing themselves to others. Am I pretty enough? Strong enough? One study of kids 13 to 17 years old found that almost half reported that time spent on social media made them feel worse about their bodies. Only about one in every seven said viewing social media made them feel better. “It’s hard to study the influence of social media on mental health,” Whitlock, a research psychologist studying internet use by adolescents, explains, “because everyone uses it.” There’s no large group of others to which researchers can compare them. Still, one study of nearly 6,600 U.S. teens linked use of social media to depression, anxiety and a poor body image. There’s still not enough evidence to say social media is safe for kids, but there was plenty of evidence to warn kids that they should take care when using it. The takeaway, Whitlock says, is that social media use needs to be intentional (有意的). By that, she means “used for some purposeful goal”, not just to pass the time. 12. What use of the internet does paragraph 2 mainly focus on? A. Job hunting. B. Online shopping. C Home schooling. D. Social networking. 13. Why can teens be negatively affected in their mental health by using social media? A. They are so busy with online surveys as not to get relaxed. B. They are very likely to suffer from cyberbullying online. C. They are always compared in looks and strength. D. They are too young to deal with stress properly. 14. According to Whitlock, what is the challenge for researchers? A. Not enough comparisons. B. Improper research designs. C. Too many internet users. D. Limited study periods. 15 What advice is given to kids on the use of social media? A. Use it carefully, since it is linked to both good and harm. B. Try not to use it, considering the risk it may cause. C. Use it however you want, as long as there is a purpose. D. Don’t use it to kill time but for some real purpose. （七） （23-24高一下·四川绵阳市·期末统考） （1） We are all stuck in the thought of having satisfying relationships, which bring some meaning to our lives and make us happy. We are so busy in finding true happiness that we often forget true happiness lies within us. You have to love yourself first in order to love someone else. We have heard in countless inspiring speeches that self-love is the basis of a happy life. Have you ever wondered that with so many people advertising self-love, why haven’t we been able to love ourselves? One of the reasons for our failure to love ourselves is that we have been taught to be selfless from the start of time. The minute we start thinking about ourselves, everyone around us makes it their personal mission to remind us of how selfish we are. However, there is nothing wrong with putting your needs and yourself first. Self-love is not selfish. It only helps us better understand which sacrifices (牺牲) are worth making! Actually, self-love and healthy relationships cannot be separated. Self-love is the very core of any healthy relationship. Now you might wonder how my love for myself is going to make me able to have a healthy relationship. Isn’t a healthy relationship all about giving? Honestly, No. When you know your worth, you know what you are willing to accept in a relationship and what not. You will know where to draw boundaries because you value your own opinions. You will have a clear understanding of what you need, what are your values and your limits. From now on, you should realize that true happiness lies within you and you shouldn’t waste time and effort searching for peace and joy in the world outside. 8. Where can we find true happiness? A. In meaningful lives. B. In selfless partnership. C. In self-loving hearts. D. In satisfying relationships. 9. Why do we fail to love ourselves? A We are taught to be selfish. B. We focus on others too much. C. We never make any sacrifices. D. We have to achieve our missions. 10. What does the writer advise us to do? A. Ignore our own needs. B. Value others’ opinions. C. Stop pursuing joy from others. D. Accept everything in a relationship. 11. What can be learnt from the passage? A. Self-love will make people become selfish. B. Healthy relationships result from self-love. C. Self-love won’t exist without healthy relationships. D. Healthy relationships are more important than our needs. （2） From Black Beauty to The Chronicles of Narnia, many films and stories have shown the close bond that can develop between a human and a horse. However, no one knows how much horses actually understand about their buman companions. Recently, researchers have been trying to determine whether horses understand human emotions, and they have found that horses can tell when someone feels happy or sad. To conduct the experiment, the researchers tried a technique that is often used to study how much babies understand about the world around them. It involves setting up a situation that does not make sense. The researchers brought 28 horses into a room, one by one. They showed each horse a picture of a happy human and a sad human. At the same time, they played a recording of a happy or sad voice. When the picture and voice didn’t match — for example, if the voice was sad but the picture showed a happy person — the horse seemed puzzled and looked for a longer time, as if it knew something didn’t make sense. “You could imagine that they have a particular box in their mind labeled ‘human sadness’ containing the characteristics of both a human sad face and a human sad voice — and that when we are sad, they expect what we say to match how we look,” said researcher Océane Liehrmann of the University of Turku, in Finland. The researchers also believe that horses prefer to be around happy people. The animals spent more time looking at the happy person’s picture and seemed more excited when they heard a joyful voice. It is possible that the horses might have associated happy human expressions with positive memories from their past. Another theory is that seeing a happy person could actually make a horse feel happier — a process known as emotional infection. “We don’t know whether horses themselves understand what it is to be sad,” said Liehrmann. However, “it is possible that they learn that it means something for a human,” she said. 12. Why are the two films mentioned in Paragraph 1? A. To introduce the topic. B. To show their popularity. C. To attract people to watch films. D. To ask people to care about horses. 13. How did the researchers study the horses? A. By talking to them. B. By recording their voices. C. By comparing their pictures. D. By observing their reactions. 14. How may a horse feel when hearing a sad voice from a happy face? A. Sad. B. Happy. C. Confused. D. Excited. 15. What is the passage mainly talking about? A. Horses may feel very happy or sad. B. Horses may have positive memories. C. Horses can get along well with people. D. Horses can understand people’s feelings. （八） （23-24高一下·四川南充市·期末统考） （1） Humans have lived in cities for around 5,000 years. These cities were unlike modern cities, but still organized places meant for many people to live together peacefully. So, what was life like in the earliest cities created by humankind? Using modern technology, scientific explorers have discovered some answers. The Indus Valley civilization existed from about 3300 — 1700 BCE, roughly 5,320 to 3,720years ago. Also known as the Harappan civilization, the Indus Valley civilization was one of the world’s earliest urban civilizations. At the same time, the civilizations of ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, and China were also prosperous. The Harappan civilization was located in South Asia, in what is now Pakistan and northwest India. Although the Harappans had a written language, scholars today cannot decipher the text. As a result, most of what is known about Harappans comes from the ruins of their two largest cities: Harappa and Mohenjo-daro. Both cities cover less than 2.6 square kilometers, or one square mile. This is much smaller than modern cities. For example, in the United States, Central Park in New York City alone has an area of 1.3 square miles. The cities had an estimated population of around40,000 each. The cities were located about 644 kilometers, or 400 miles, from one another and were similar in layout. Scholars believe the Harappans used the position of the rising sun and moon to determine their cities’ geography. One significant feature of Harappan cities was their highly developed systems for supplying water and removing waste. In Mohenjo-daro, about 700 wells supplied water to the city’s buildings. Explorers continue to investigate the Harappan civilization. Since 1986, they have made many important discoveries. Artifacts (手工艺品) are displayed at the National Museum in New Delhi, India, and in museums throughout the world. 8. What can we learn about the Harappan civilization from paragraph 2? A. It dates from thousands of years ago. B. It belongs to the Indus Valley civilization. C. It was the only urban civilization then. D. It was located in what is now China. 9. What does the underlined word “decipher” mean in paragraph 3? A. Select. B. Understand. C. Draft. D. Recite. 10. What is a notable feature of Harappan cities mentioned in the text? A. Modern designs and tall buildings. B. Large parks and entertainment areas. C. Advanced water and waste systems. D. Huge areas and large populations. 11. Where can the text be found? A. In a novel. B. In an art magazine. C. In a biography. D. In a history journal. （2） Many people struggle to maintain their focus while reading. If you’re a student, this problem can get in the way of completing coursework and understanding course material. What can you do to help yourself focus while reading, so you can stay on track academically? A new way of reading, might offer an answer to this question. It’s called bionic reading, and it was created by the Swiss typographic designer Renato Casutt. Bionic reading works by strategically bolding parts of words to make text easier to process. Here’s an example of what that looks like: Reading As before Bionic Reading is a new method facilitating the reading process by guiding the eyes through text with artificial fixation points. Reading mode Bionic Reading (variation) Bionic Reading is a new method facilitating the reading process by guiding the eyes through text with artificial fixation points. According to Renato Casutt’s website, bionic reading uses a special algorithm (算法) to work its magic. The algorithm identifies and bolds the “most important parts of words” to help guide your eyes over the text more quickly. Casutt calls these bolded parts of words “fixations.” He claims that by letting your eyes jump from one fixation to the next (and letting your brain fill in the rest of each word), you can read faster than you would normally. On his website, Casutt says he has gotten feedback from dyslexia users who have reading disorder. They have understood texts more quickly with bionic reading. Millions of people have also been reacting to bionic reading on social media, and many people with dyslexia have said bionic reading helps them focus. In truth, more research is needed before we can guarantee that bionic reading will help anyone read texts more quickly or effectively. If you’d like to try it out for yourself and see if bionic reading helps you focus, you can access the bionic reading software online for free. 12. What is the main purpose of bionic reading? A. To create a new form of expression. B. To make text more visually attractive. C. To help people to read more efficiently. D. To provide an enjoyable reading experience. 13. How does bionic reading work? A. By changing the size of letters. B. By highlighting all the letters. C. By bolding the key letters. D. By underlining important letters. 14. What is the author’s attitude towards bionic reading? A. Positive but cautious. B. Excited and supportive. C. Critical and doubtful. D. Objective but uninterested. 15. What is the best title for the text? A. The Future of Reading Technologies B. Bionic Reading: A New Way to Focus C. Traditional Reading VS. Bionic Reading D. How to Improve Your Reading Speed? （九） （23-24高一下·四川内江市·期末统考） A new study proves when teenagers cut back on social media use, they seem to feel better about themselves. Helen Thai, a doctoral student in psychology at McGill University, conducted the study. She said the research came from her own personal experiences. “I couldn’t help but compare myself when I was using social media, making me unsatisfied with my self-image,” Thai says. Although she was aware that social media posts often presented images that can be unrealistic in real life, it still had a negative impact on her. So, Thai and a team of researchers decided to test whether reduced time on social media would increase self-confidence in body image. They hired a few hundred volunteers, aged 14 — 18, all of whom had experienced signs of anxiety or depression, which could make them easier to be affected by social media. Half of the teens were asked to reduce their social media to 60 minutes a day for three weeks. The other half continued to use social media freely, which averaged about three hours per day. The researchers gave the teens surveys at the beginning and end of the study. It included statements such as “I’m pretty happy about the way I look,” and “I am satisfied with my weight.” Among the group that cut social media use, the overall score on appearance satisfaction improved from 2.95 to 3.15 on a 5-point scale. “This may seem like a small change, but any change in such a short period of time is striking,” the authors say. “This research showed promising results that weight and appearance confidence can improve when people cut back on social media use,” wrote Thai. Thai says it’s encouraging that teens were willing to cut back screen time, even for three weeks. It’s also worth experimenting this approach with other groups, such as people with or at risk of eating disorders. 12. What inspired Thai to do the research? A. Her self-image. B. Social media posts. C. Her own experiences. D. Her self-confidence. 13. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The process of the study. B. The result of the study. C. The volunteers of the study. D. The background of the study. 14. Which word can best replace the underlined word in paragraph 3? A. Discouraging. B. Surprising. C. Disappointing. D. Confusing. 15. What may Thai agree with in the last paragraph? A. Teens cut back screen time easily. B. The approach of the research is applicable. C. Reduced screen time improves appearance. D. The result of the research is beyond expectation. （十） （23-24高一下·四川宜宾市·期末统考） （1） Traditionally, filmmaking has been seen as a domain (领域) limited to professional teams led by experienced directors or wealthy individuals. However, with the help of AI- generated content (AIGC), ordinary people are now ab le to produce brilliant films and even receive awards at a film festival. This year, the 14th Beijing International Film Festival (BJIFF) introduced the AIGC Short Film Unit for the first time. From January to April, the committee received 430 films from both domestic and international creators. Impressively,45 percent of the total submissions (提交) were from independent creators, with the youngest being just 11 years old, while professionals accounted for only 10.7 percent. “AIGC is changing the film industry by allowing ordinary people to create films,” stated Wang Lei. Wang Zimin, a 29- year- old journalism major, won the Best Creative Award with his film Illegal Report. In his film, a special group decides whether beings are considered as AI or human to prevent chaos. A significant challenge in AIGC filmmaking is shot continuity because many AIGC applications can only produce random video clips based on users’ order. As a result, characters often appear differently in following scenes. Wang Zimin explained his innovative solution: “To maintain continuity, I used unclear images to make the scenes smooth.” He added, “I dug into AI applications for just two months. AIGC tools are everywhere and user- friendly like Meitu.” According to Song Donghuan, a scriptwriter and founder of StoryStorm, a leading AIGC workshop, “AIGC filmmaking is accessible to everyone, with no barriers related to wealth or technology. The essential requirement is a strong desire to express themselves.” Song also highlighted the transformative impact of AI: “We are fortunate to live in the era of AL Now, the only limit to becoming a director is not the absence of a team, scenes or actors, but rather your own imagination.” 8. What can we know about the AIGC Short Film Unit at the 14th BJIFF? A. Chinese creators contributed to half of the films. B. Only 10.7 percent of the films were well- received. C. Most of the entries were made by non- professionals. D. Individuals age under 18 were disqualified to submit films. 9. What is one problem of using AIGC to make films according to the text? A. Unclear images at certain scenes. B. Lack of continuity between scenes. C. The limited AIGC tools in filmmaking. D. High costs for independent filmmakers. 10. Which is closest in meaning to “transformative” in the last paragraph? A. Short- termed. B. Negative. C. Predictable. D. Ground- breaking. 11. Which is the most suitable title for the text? A. The Rise of Independent Filmmakers. B Wang Zimin: A Rising Star in the Film Industry. C. A Revolutionary Era in Filmmaking: The Role of AI. D. The Development of Beijing International Film Festival. （2） Over 8,300 million tons of plastic produced up to the end of 2023, 6, 300 million tons have been thrown away. Most of that plastic waste is still with us, buried in landfills or polluting the environment. Microplastics have been found in Antarctic sea ice, in the guts of animals that live in the deepest ocean and in drinking water around the world. But what if we could wave a magic stick and remove all plastics from our lives? It might seem like a good idea for the planet, but we’d soon find out how far plastic has spread to every aspect of our existence. In hospitals, the loss of plastic would be devastating. “Imagine trying to run a dialysis (透析) unit with no plastic,” says Sharon George, senior lecturer at Keele University in the UK. Plastic is used in gloves, tubing, blood bags, sample tubes and more. Some everyday plastic items are also important for protecting health. Face masks, including plastic-based surgical masks and respirators (人工呼吸器), as well as reusable cloth masks, have helped slow the spread of virus. Our food system would also quickly come apart. We use packaging to protect food from damage in transit and preserve it long enough to reach supermarket shelves, as well as for communication and marketing. “I cannot imagine how plastic would be replaced completely in our system,” says Eleni, a lecturer in environmental management at Brunel University London. Swapping out plastic packaging would have a series of environmental effects. While glass has some advantages over plastic, such as being endlessly recyclable, a one- liter glass bottle can weigh as much as 800g compared to a 40g plastic one. When those heavier bottles and jars need to be transported over long distances, carbon emissions grow even more. It’s clear that replacing one material with another won't solve all our plastic problems. 12. What happens to most of the plastic waste thrown away in paragraph 1? A. It is stored in certain facilities. B. It is recycled into new products. C. It is transformed into microplastics. D. It is buried in landfills or pollutes the environment. 13. What can be interred from paragraph 3?. A. Plastic plays a significant role in hospital. B. Hospitals prefer using cloth masks to plastic masks. C. Hospitals can function well without plastic materials. D. Plastic masks have little impact on slowing the spread of viruses. 14. What is Eleni’s attitude towards completely removing plastic from the food system? A. Supportive. B. Optimistic. C. Doubtful. D. Indifferent. 15. What makes the best title for the passage? A. What if we stopped using plastic? B. Swapping out plastic for sustainable living. C. More recycling won’t solve plastic pollution. D. Is plastic packaging bad for the environment? （十一） （23-24高一下·四川资阳市·期末统考） （1） According to the United Nations, there’s plastic litter at the bottom of the ocean and on top of Mount Everest. Now plastic has been found in another unlikely place: on the backs of hermit crabs (寄居蟹). According to a study released in February, 2024, hermit crabs are using plastic litter as shells (外壳). Zuzanna Jagiello, a biologist at the University of Warsaw, in Poland, is the study’s lead author. She said, “They don’t have homes, so they use rubbish.” Jagiello studies the Anthropocene age. That’s the age we’re in now. Scientists consider it as the period in which human activity has had a major impact on the environment. Hermit crabs’ using plastic waste as shells is one example of that impact. Hermit crabs are small, soft-bodied crabs that live near oceans. To protect themselves from enemies, in general, they wear seashells that have been left behind by dead sea snails (海螺). But according to February’s study, at least 386 hermit crabs have been documented wearing rubbish. Of the world’s 16 species of hermit crabs that live on land, 10 have been seen wearing rubbish. Nearly nine out of every 10 of those crabs were wearing plastic waste, such as bottle caps. Scientists aren’t sure why hermit crabs are choosing litter instead of snail shells. But they have theories. Some sea snail populations are declining. Hermit crabs could be turning to litter because they can’t find enough seashells. It’s also possible that crabs are opting for plastic because it’s light and easy to carry. Or they’re drawn to its flamboyant materials. Scientists agree that plastic pollution harms wildlife and their living places in many ways. But it isn’t clear that the crabs are in any danger. “It’s really an amazing example of the beauty of adaptation,” Jagiello says. “What are the long-term results of these adaptations? We don’t know.” 28. What do scientists think of hermit crabs’ using plastic waste as shells? A. They’re products of the environment. B. They don’t have to use their homes. C. They don’t have enough food to eat. D. They have ability to live alone. 29. What do we know about hermit crabs? A. Their population is becoming smaller. B. Their physical health is getting worse. C. They typically wear seashells not litter. D. They are moving out of the oceans. 30. What does the underlined word “flamboyant” in the last paragraph mean? A. Real. B. Colorful. C. Familiar. D. Expensive. 31. What’s the best title for the text? A. Less Plastic, More Creative Crabs B. The Anthropocene Age’s Crabs C. More Hermit Crabs, Less Polluted D. Hermit Crabs in Plastic Shells （2） A person’s IQ is a measurement of a person’s intelligence. It stands for intelligence quotient, the amount or degree of intelligence. IQ tests have been around since the beginning of the 20th century, although people have been trying to measure intelligence for much longer than that. French psychologist Alfred Binet was one of the first people to come up with what we know as the IQ test. In 1905, he was tasked with creating a tool for measuring which students in school were more likely to do poorly. A new law had been passed in France that made all children go to school. Education leaders wanted to know the children who were not as intelligent as the others. Binet developed a test that would consider two factors: a child’s chronological age (How old was he or she?) and a child’s mental age (Was the child thinking at, below, or above the level of other children his or her age?). He developed questions for specific age groups. If a child could answer questions that older children could answer, that child’s mental age was higher than his chronological age. If a different child could not answer questions that children his own age could answer, then that child’s mental age was lower than his chronological age. Binet did not believe his test fully measured a person’s intelligence. He felt intelligence was something you could not put a number on. He said more research needed to be done. Despite this, an American psychologist at Stanford University read Binet’s work and confidently developed the test further. It became known as the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales. This test became one of the most popular IQ tests of the 20th century. The test may be useful, but some people said that Alfred Binet was right: intelligence is more than just a number. 32. Why did Alfred Binet create the IQ test? A. To keep poor students out of school. B. To separate weak students from others. C. To measure students’ daily behaviour. D. To make laws for poor but clever students. 33. Which aspect of Binet’s IQ test is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Its results. B. Its subjects. C. Its methods. D. Its origins. 34. What was the attitude of the American psychologist mentioned to his own IQ test? A. Doubtful. B. Favorable. C. Unclear. D. Negative. 35. What’s the main purpose of the text? A. To provide some explorations of intelligence. B. To present a new intelligence measurement. C. To compare the measurements of intelligence. D. To list the benefits of applying intelligence fully. （十二） （23-24高一下·四川遂宁市·期末统考） （1） According to the United Nations, there’s plastic litter at the bottom of the ocean and on top of Mount Everest. Now plastic has been found in another unlikely place: on the backs of hermit crabs (寄居蟹). According to a study released in February, 2024, hermit crabs are using plastic litter as shells (外壳). Zuzanna Jagiello, a biologist at the University of Warsaw, in Poland, is the study’s lead author. She said, “They don’t have homes, so they use rubbish.” Jagiello studies the Anthropocene age. That’s the age we’re in now. Scientists consider it as the period in which human activity has had a major impact on the environment. Hermit crabs’ using plastic waste as shells is one example of that impact. Hermit crabs are small soft-bodied crabs that live near oceans. To protect themselves from enemies, in general, they wear seashells that have been left behind by dead sea snails (海螺). But according to February’s study, at least 386 hermit crabs have been documented wearing rubbish. Of the world’s 16 species of hermit crabs that live on land, 10 have been seen wearing rubbish. Nearly nine out of every 10 of those crabs were wearing plastic waste, such as bottle caps. Scientists aren’t sure why hermit crabs are choosing litter instead of snail shells. But they have theories. Some sea snail populations are declining. Hermit crabs could be turning to litter because they can’t find enough seashells. It’s also possible that crabs are opting for plastic because it’s light and easy to carry. Or they’re drawn to its flamboyant materials. Scientists agree that plastic pollution harms wildlife and their living places in many ways. But it isn’t clear that the crabs are in any danger. “It’s really an amazing example of the beauty of adaptation,” Jagiello says. “What are the long-term results of these adaptations? We don’t know.” 28. What do scientists think of hermit crabs’ using plastic waste as shells? A. They’re products of the environment. B. They don’t have to use their homes. C. They don’t have enough food to eat. D. They have ability to live alone. 29. What do we know about hermit crabs? A. Their population is becoming smaller. B. Their physical health is getting worse. C. They typically wear seashells not litter. D. They are moving out of the oceans. 30. What does the underlined word “flamboyant” in the last paragraph mean? A. Real. B. Colorful. C. Familiar. D. Expensive. 31. What’s the best title for the text? A. Less Plastic, More Creative Crabs B. The Anthropocene Age’s Crabs C. More Hermit Crabs, Less Polluted D. Hermit Crabs in Plastic Shells （2） A person’s IQ is a measurement of a person’s intelligence. It stands for intelligence quotient, the amount or degree of intelligence. IQ tests have been around since the beginning of the 20th century, although people have been trying to measure intelligence for much longer than that. French psychologist Alfred Binet was one of the first people to come up with what we know as the IQ test. In 1905, he was tasked with creating a tool for measuring which students in school were more likely to do poorly. A new law had been passed in France that made all children go to school. Education leaders wanted to know the children who were not as intelligent as the others. Binet developed a test that would consider two factors: a child’s chronological age (How old was he or she?) and a child’s mental age (Was the child thinking at, below, or above the level of other children his or her age?). He developed questions for specific age groups. If a child could answer questions that older children could answer, that child’s mental age was higher than his chronological age. If a different child could not answer questions that children his own age could answer, then that child’s mental age was lower than his chronological age. Binet did not believe his test fully measured a person’s intelligence. He felt intelligence was something you could not put a number on. He said more research needed to be done. Despite this, an American psychologist at Stanford University read Binet’s work and confidently developed the test further. It became known as the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales. This test became one of the most popular IQ tests of the 20th century. The test may be useful, but some people said that Alfred Binet was right: intelligence is more than just a number. 32. Why did Alfred Binet create the IQ test? A. To keep poor students out of school. B. To separate weak students from others. C. To measure students’ daily behaviour. D. To make laws for poor but clever students. 33. Which aspect of Binet’s IQ test is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Its results. B. Its subjects. C. Its methods. D. Its origins. 34. What was the attitude of the American psychologist mentioned to his own IQ test? A. Doubtful. B. Favorable. C. Unclear. D. Negative. 35. What’s the main purpose of the text? A. To provide some explorations of intelligence. B. To present a new intelligence measurement. C. To compare the measurements of intelligence. D. To list the benefits of applying intelligence fully. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文&议论文）（解析版） （一） （23-24高一下·四川成都市成华区·期末统考） Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, happy and slim, according to new research. A study analyzing the DNA of individuals who identified as either “morning larks” or “night owls” found that those who preferred to wake up early tended to have a lower body weight, were less likely to suffer from depression, and were less easy to be affected by sleeplessness. The study, which involved nearly 90,000 participants, identified 15 genes (基因) that were associated with a person’s preference for mornings or evenings. Interestingly, the preference for mornings increased with age, with older individuals more likely to be morning types than younger individuals. Additionally, women were found to be more likely to enjoy mornings than men. While researchers are still unsure of the exact reasons behind the link between a person’s body clock and their health, it is believed that staying up late may have negative effects on evening types. For example, a gene related to body weight was found to influence whether someone was a morning or night person. Despite the potential health benefits of being an early riser, night owls need not despair. Previous research has found that night owls tend to be more intelligent than early risers. The division into larks and owls is thought to have evolutionary roots, with early risers taking the lead in food gathering during the Stone Age, while night owls stood guard late into the night. Overall, the study highlights the importance of understanding how our body clock influences our preferences and behaviors, and how genetic factors may play a role in shaping our daily routines. 12. What do early risers tend to do? A They are healthier and happier. B. They are more depressed. C. They don’t sleep well. D. They eat less. 13. Which group is more likely to be morning people? A. Older people. B. Younger people. C. People standing guard. D. People with a higher body weight. 14. Why do night owls stay up late? A. They have bad habits. B. Their gene may play a part. C. They want to protect the group. D. They like to gather food at night. 15. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Morning people are healthier than night people. B. Older people are more likely to be morning people. C. Night people are more intelligent than morning people. D. Our body clock influences our preferences and behaviors. 【答案】12 A 13. A 14. B 15. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了我们的生物钟会影响我们的生活习惯和行为。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, happy and slim, according to new re-search. A study analyzing the DNA of individuals who identified as either “morning larks” or “night owls” found that those who preferred to wake up early tended to have a lower body weight, were less likely to suffer from depression, and were less easy to be affected by sleeplessness.(最新研究表明，早睡早起能使人健康、快乐、苗条。一项分析“早起鸟”和“夜猫子”DNA的研究发现，喜欢早起的人往往体重较轻，不太容易患抑郁症，也不太容易受到失眠的影响)”可知，早起的人通常更健康、更快乐。故选A。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Interestingly, the preference for mornings increased with age, with older individuals more likely to be morning types than younger individuals.(有趣的是，人们对早晨的偏好随着年龄的增长而增加，老年人比年轻人更有可能是早起型的人)”可知，老年人更可能是早起的人。故选A。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“While researchers are still unsure of the exact reasons behind the link between a person’s body clock and their health, it is believed that staying up late may have negative effects on evening types. For example, a gene related to body weight was found to influence whether someone was a morning or night person.(虽然研究人员仍不确定人体生物钟和健康之间联系的确切原因，但人们相信，熬夜可能会对夜猫子产生负面影响。例如，一种与体重相关的基因被发现会影响一个人是早起的人还是夜猫子)”可知，夜猫子熬夜因为他们的基因可能起了一定作用。故选B。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Overall, the study highlights the importance of understanding how our body clock influences our preferences and behaviors, and how genetic factors may play a role in shaping our daily routines.(总的来说，这项研究强调了了解我们的生物钟如何影响我们的偏好和行为，以及遗传因素如何在塑造我们的日常生活中发挥作用的重要性)”结合文章主要说明了我们的生物钟会影响我们的生活习惯和行为。可知，这篇文章的主旨是我们的生物钟影响我们的偏好和行为。故选D。 （二） （23-24高一下·四川成都市石室中学·期末校考） （1） When we are desperately searching for our glasses, wallet or keys, we might wish to have a photo-graphic memory, but the truth is we are designed to forget. In fact, the majority of what we experience in a given day is likely to be forgotten in less than 24 hours. And that is a good thing. Think of all the passing encounters with people you will never see again and the times you spend waiting in a queue at the supermarket. If our brains hoarded (贮藏) every moment of every experience, we would never be able to find the information we need among an ever-increasing pile of information. So, if memory is not supposed to be a comprehensive collection of the past, what is the point of remembering at all?To answer this question, it helps to think about what it means to remember in the first place. For more than 25 years, I have studied how we are able to recall past events, an ability known as “episodic memory”. It is described as the uniquely human capability for “mental time travel, roaming at will over what has happened as readily as over what might happen, independently of the physical laws that govern the universe”. I first read this description of mental time travel when I was a graduate student, and I was deeply sceptical. Now, with the wisdom of age, I understand what it meant. When you recall a rich episodic memory, there is a noticeable feeling of being transported back to a point in your past, a specific time and place. For instance, the smell of freshly baked pastries might remind you of having breakfast with your grandmother. Findings from my lab and others have shown that, at the moment of remembering, the brain appears to return a bit to the state that it was in at the time, enabling us to relive these past experiences. This is why, if you have misplaced your keys, it can be helpful to put yourself, mentally into the context where you last saw them. Getting in touch with the sights, sounds and thoughts from an earlier time period can be an effective way of accessing those memories. 8. Why does the author think forgetfulness is a good thing? A. We are born to forget the past events. B. It helps to find the needed information. C. All the encounters are not that pleasant. D. Our brains fail to hoard important moments. 9. What do we know about “episodic memory”? A. It partly depends on the physical laws. B. It explains our ability to remember the past. C It becomes obvious with the wisdom of age. D. It focuses on purposeful mental time travel. 10. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning freshly baked pastries? A. To express love for grandmother. B. To share a feeling of time travel. C. To illustrate a vivid episodic memory. D. To forget precious past experiences. 11. What can we do to find the misplaced keys? A. Recall the situation where we saw them. B. Search the labs where we do experiments. C Think in our mind what they looked like. D. Write our real thoughts related to them. 【答案】8. B 9. B 10. C 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了我们的大脑是如何记忆和遗忘的，以及记忆的重要性。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“If our brains hoarded (贮藏) every moment of every experience, we would never be able to find the information we need among an ever-increasing pile of information.”（如果我们的大脑储存了每一刻的经历，我们将无法在日益增加的信息堆中找到我们需要的信息。）可推知，作者认为遗忘是一件好事，因为这有助于我们在大量的信息中找到我们需要的信息。故选B。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“For more than 25 years, I have studied how we are able to recall past events, an ability known as “episodic memory. It is described as the uniquely human capability for “mental time travel, roaming at will over what has happened as readily as over what might happen, independently of the physical laws that govern the universe”.（我已经研究了25年以上我们如何能够回忆起过去的事件，这种能力被称为“情景记忆”。它被描述为一种独特的人类能力，可以“在精神上进行时间旅行，在已经发生的事情和可能发生的事情上随意漫游，不受支配宇宙的物理定律的影响”）可推知，“情景记忆”解释了我们记忆过去的能力。故选B。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“For instance, the smell of freshly baked pastries might remind you of having breakfast with your grandmother.”（例如，新鲜烘焙的面点的味道可能会让你想起和奶奶一起吃早餐的情景。）可推知，作者提到新鲜烘焙的面点是为了举例说明一个生动的情景记忆。故选C。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“This is why, if you have misplaced your keys, it can be helpful to put yourself, mentally. into the context where you last saw them. Getting in touch with the sights, sounds and thoughts from an earlier time period can be an effective way of accessing those memories”（这就是为什么，如果你把钥匙放错了地方，把自己心理上放入你最后看到它们的情境中可能会有所帮助。与较早时期的景象、声音和想法接触是获取这些记忆的有效方式。）可推知，我们可以通过回忆我们最后看到钥匙的情境来找到丢失的钥匙。故选A。 （2） Computer scientists have hoped to give robots technical skills to help them recognize, process and react to humor. But these attempts have mostly failed. AI (人工智能) experts say that in many cases, attempts to make robots understand humor end up producing funny results, but not in the way they were supposed to. Tristan Miller studied more than 10,000 puns (双关语) in one research project. The pun is a kind of joke that uses a word with two meanings. For example, you could say, “Balloons do not like pop music.” The word “pop” can be a way of saying popular music; or can mean the sound a balloon makes when it explodes. But a robot might not get the joke. Tristan Miller says that is because humor is a kind of creative language that is extremely difficult for computer intelligence to understand. Allison Bishop is a computer scientist and she also performs stand-up comedy. She explained that machines are trained to look for patterns. Comedy, on the other hand, relies on things that stay dose to a pattern, kit not completely within it. To be funny, humor should also not be predictable, Bishop said. This sets a great obstacle for a machine to recognize and understand what is funny. Bishop says since robots have great difficulty understanding humor, she feels like it gives her better job security as a comedy performer. It even made her parents happy when her brother decided to become a full-time comedy writer because it meant he wouldn’t be replaced by a machine, she added. Despite the difficulties, Darmstadt University’s Miller says there are good reasons to keep trying to teach humor to robots. It could make machines more relatable, especially if they can learn to understand sarcasm (讽刺), he noted. Humans use sarcasm to say one thing but mean another. But Kiki Hempelmann thinks differently. “Teaching AI systems humor may make them find it where it isn’t, and they may use it where it’s inappropriate,” he said. “Maybe bad AI will start killing people because it thinks something is funny,” he added. 12. What does the author most probably want to show in Paragraph 1? A. Robots’ influence on the scientific development. B. Robots’ challenges of making sense of humor. C. Computer scientists’ devotion to technical skills. D. Computer scientists’ concern about AI’s development. 13. Examples mentioned in Paragraphs 2 and 3 are intended to ___________-. A. prove robots do poorly in funny work B. explain robots aren’t as intelligent as humans C. describe language is complex and changeable D. show language can’t be taught in a set pattern 14. What does the underlined word “obstacle” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Barrier. B. Record. C. Message. D. Possibility. 15. What can we infer about teaching AI system humor from the last paragraph? A. It will end up in vain. B. It may be a double-edged sword. C. It may help improve humans’ humor. D. It will attract more computer scientists. 【答案】12. B 13. D 14. A 15. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了教机器人理解幽默存在的挑战以及科学家们对教智能机器人理解幽默的不同观点。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段内容，特别是根据“Computer scientists have hoped to give robots technical skills to help them recognize, process and react to humor. But these attempts have mostly failed.”可知，计算机科学家希望赋予机器人技术技能来帮助他们识别、处理幽默，并且能够对幽默做出反应，但这些尝试大多都失败了，由此可知，在本段作者主要是想说明机器人在理解幽默方面存在不小的挑战，故B项正确。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段的“humor is a kind of creative language that is extremely difficult for computer intelligence to understand”可知，幽默是一种创造性的语言，计算机很难理解，再根据第三段中的“She explained that machines are trained to look for patterns.”可知，她解释说机器是经过训练来寻找模式的，由此可知，这两段的例子是想表明语言不能以模式化的方式习得，故D项正确。 【14题详解】 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“To be funny, humor should also not be predictable, Bishop said.”可知，毕肖普说，有趣的是，幽默也不应该是可预测的，因此此处是说这给机器识别和理解有趣的东西设置了很大的障碍，由此可知画线词词义为“障碍”，故A项正确。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Darmstadt University’s Miller says there are good reasons to keep trying to teach humor to robots. It could make machines more relatable, especially if they can learn to understand sarcasm (讽刺), he noted.”可知，达姆施塔特大学的米勒说，有很好的理由继续尝试教机器人幽默，他指出，这可能会使机器更具亲和力，特别是如果它们能够学会理解讽刺的话，再根据“But Kiki Hempelmann thinks differently. “Teaching AI systems humor may make them find it where it isn’t, and they may use it where it’s inappropriate,” he said. “Maybe bad AI will start killing people because it thinks something is funny,” he added.”可知，但是Kiki Hempelmann的想法不同，他说：“教授人工智能系统幽默可能会让它们在不合适的地方找到幽默，在不合适的地方使用幽默”，他补充说：“也许坏的人工智能会开始杀人，因为它认为有些事情很有趣”，根据这两位科学家的观点可知，教智能机器人幽默有利有弊，因而是一把双刃剑，故B项正确。 【点睛】本篇第4题推理判断题难度较大，抓住两位科学家的观点是关键，根据最后一段中的“Darmstadt University’s Miller says there are good reasons to keep trying to teach humor to robots. It could make machines more relatable, especially if they can learn to understand sarcasm (讽刺), he noted.”可知，达姆施塔特大学的米勒说，有很好的理由继续尝试教机器人幽默，他指出，这可能会使机器更具亲和力，特别是如果它们能够学会理解讽刺的话，再根据“But Kiki Hempelmann thinks differently. “Teaching AI systems humor may make them find it where it isn’t, and they may use it where it’s inappropriate,” he said. “Maybe bad AI will start killing people because it thinks something is funny,” he added.”可知，但是Kiki Hempelmann的想法不同，他说：“教授人工智能系统幽默可能会让它们在不合适的地方找到幽默，在不合适的地方使用幽默”，他补充说：“也许坏的人工智能会开始杀人，因为它认为有些事情很有趣”，根据这两位科学家的观点可知，教智能机器人幽默有利有弊，因而是一把双刃剑，故B项正确。 （三） （23-24高一下·四川达州市·期末统考） （1） Bertrand Russell (1872-1970) is a British philosopher, logician and social reformer. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950. Russell’s contributions to logic, and the philosophy of mathematics established him as one of the foremost philosophers of the 20th century. To the general public, however, he was best known for peace and as a popular writer on social and political subjects. During along, productive life, he published more than 70 books and about 2, 000 articles. Russell’s article on the philosophical consequences of relativity appeared in the 13th edition of the Encyclopadia Britannica (不列颠大百科). Bertrand Russell was born in Ravenscroft. His grandfather, Lord John Russell, was the youngest son of the 6th Duke (公爵) of Bedford. In 1861, after along and excellent political career, Lord John Russell was entitled by Queen Victoria, becoming the 1st Earl Russell. Bertrand Russell became the 3rd Earl Russell in 1931, after his elder brother, Frank, died childless. In 1944 Russell returned to Trinity College, and formed his last major contribution to philosophy, Human Knowledge: Its Scope and Limits (1948). As for his private life, however, he left his third wife in 1949.During this period Russell found favour with the authorities, and he received many official honors, including the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950. For a while he shared a house in London, with his son John, and engaged himself to writing short stories. When he died in 1970, Russell was far better known as an antiwar (反战) campaigner than as a philosopher of mathematics. However, it is for his great contributions to philosophy that he will be honoured by future generations. 4. What was Bertrand Russell well known as from the perspective of the public? A. A politician B. A writer C. A reformer D. A literate 5. Why was John Russell honored by the Queen of England? A. He did well in the government. B. He wrote many books. C. He had a famous grandson. D. He formed his own philosophy. 6. In what order does the author develop the 2nd paragraph? A. Space B. Emotion C. Importance D. Time 7. What do you think of Bertrand Russell according to the passage? A. Bad-tempered B. Narrow-minded C. Peace-loving D. Kind-hearted 【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了著名哲学家、逻辑学家、社会和政治改革家Bertrand Russell。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“To the general public, however, he was best known for peace and as a popular writer on social and political subjects. (然而，对于普通大众来说，他最出名的是和平，以及作为一个受欢迎的社会和政治题材作家)”可知，从公众的角度来看，伯特兰·罗素以作家而闻名。故选B。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“In 1861, after along and excellent political career, Lord John Russell was entitled by Queen Victoria, becoming the 1st Earl Russell.(1861年，在经历了漫长而卓越的政治生涯后，约翰·罗素勋爵被维多利亚女王册封为第一代罗素伯爵)”可知，约翰·罗素会受到英国女王的尊敬是因为他在政府工作做得很好。故选A。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“His grandfather, Lord John Russell, was the youngest son of the 6th Duke (公爵) of Bedford. In 1861, after along and excellent political career, Lord John Russell was entitled by Queen Victoria, becoming the 1st Earl Russell. Bertrand Russell became the 3rd Earl Russell in 1931, after his elder brother, Frank, died childless. In 1944 Russell returned to Trinity College, and formed his last major contribution to philosophy, Human Knowledge: Its Scope and Limits (1948). As for his private life, however, he left his third wife in 1949.During this period Russell found favour with the authorities, and he received many official honors, including the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950.(他的祖父约翰·罗素勋爵是贝德福德六世公爵最小的儿子。1861年，在经历了漫长而卓越的政治生涯后，约翰·罗素勋爵被维多利亚女王册封为第一代罗素伯爵。1931年，伯特兰·罗素成为第三代罗素伯爵，因为他的哥哥弗兰克死后没有孩子。1944年，罗素回到三一学院，撰写了他在哲学方面的最后一篇重要著作：《人类知识：其范围与极限》(1948)。至于他的私生活，他在1949年离开了他的第三任妻子。在此期间，罗素得到了当局的青睐，并获得了许多官方荣誉，包括1950年的诺贝尔文学奖)”可知，第二段按照时间顺序展开。故选D。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“To the general public, however, he was best known for peace and as a popular writer on social and political subjects. (然而，对于普通大众来说，他最出名的是和平，以及作为一个受欢迎的社会和政治题材作家)”以及最后一段“When he died in 1970, Russell was far better known as an antiwar (反战) campaigner than as a philosopher of mathematics.(1970年去世时，罗素作为反战活动家的名声远比作为数学哲学家的名声大得多)”可知，他爱好和平。故选C。 （2） Research has shown that human beings are dependent in nature. We therefore depend on each other to survive in life. The interdependence of people therefore leads to development of interpersonal relationships that are built with the aim of making life better and building frameworks for success. Relationships area common phenomena in the society and they are found everywhere in families, schools, workplaces, professional teams, etc. Each kind of relationship has its own requirements and unofficial rules and each individual relates with a second individual in a unique way depending on the characters of the two individuals. Since there is no perfect society, relationships are built under very strong foundations of mistakes and compromises. Other people may conduct research on how they are supposed to relate to people but this has seldom worked for people. Therefore, the strongest relationships are built through people relating with each other and knowing each other with time. Since the society is made up of people, they are the key determinants of how their society will be. Thus, for a society to be a good one, the people living in it should relate well and solve differences properly. The achievement of this goal may prove not to be given direct answers but with persistence and goodwill, a good society is achievable. The people living in the society just have to wish each other well and be willing to help each other as humanly as possible. The development of a good relationship among human beings living together is of great importance to both the people and the community. It is common knowledge that when individuals in a given community or organization fallout in public, it is the organization that suffers more than the people involved. With this kind of statement, one may even wonder why people have to disagree their society causing losses that may be financial or otherwise. Building a relationship acts as an investment (投资) or even insurance against bad lucks. As a matter of fact, keeping good relationships between and among people costs a lot of offerings. This is because nobody is perfect and thus to own a good relationship with other people, there has to be compromises. 8. Which word can be used to describe people’s survival in the society? A. Dependent B. Independent C. Indifferent D. Aggressive 9. What does the underlined word “compromises” mean in the passage? A. Sideways B. Opportunities C. Middle ways D. Branches 10. What is the key of the best relationship according to the passage? A. Having the same age B. Enjoying the same hobby C. Living in the same community D. Building a steady relationship over a long time 11. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Requirements of each relationship B. Development of a good relationship C. Ineffective research about relationship D. Reasons of building a harmonious relationship 【答案】8. A 9. C 10. D 11. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人与人之间相互依赖、联系，形成社会关系，这种关系是随着时间的发展而不断发展的，因此，为了构建一个良好的社会，人与人之间要相互帮助，相互理解，相互妥协，这样才能实现共同进步。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Research has shown that human beings are dependent in nature. We therefore depend on each other to survive in life.(研究表明，人类对大自然是依赖的。因此，我们在生活中相互依赖以生存)”可知，人在社会上的生存是相互依赖的。故选A。 【9题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“Each kind of relationship has its own requirements and unofficial rules and each individual relates with a second individual in a unique way depending on the characters of the two individuals.(每一种关系都有自己的要求和非官方的规则，每个人都以一种独特的方式与第二个人联系，这取决于两个人的性格)”以及划线词上文“Since there is no perfect society, relationships are built under very strong foundations of mistakes and”可知，每个人的性格不同，每个人都以一种独特的方式与第二个人联系，因此不存在完美的社会，人际关系是建立在错误和妥协折中的坚实基础之上的。故划线词意思是“折中”。故选C。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Therefore, the strongest relationships are built through people relating with each other and knowing each other with time.(因此，最牢固的关系是建立在人们相互联系和随着时间的推移相互了解的基础上的)”可知，最佳关系的关键是建立长期稳定的关系。故选D。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Research has shown that human beings are dependent in nature. We therefore depend on each other to survive in life. The interdependence of people therefore leads to development of interpersonal relationships that are built with the aim of making life better and building frameworks for success.(研究表明，人类对大自然是依赖的。因此，我们在生活中相互依赖以生存。因此，人与人之间的相互依赖导致了人际关系的发展，这种关系的建立目的是使生活更美好，并为成功建立框架)”结合文章主要说明了人与人之间相互依赖、联系，形成社会关系，这种关系是随着时间的发展而不断发展的，因此，为了构建一个良好的社会，人与人之间要相互帮助，相互理解，相互妥协，这样才能实现共同进步。可知，这篇文章的主旨是发展良好的关系。故选B。 （3） The ability to change genes to prevent disease has advanced significantly in the last decade. Ever since the double-helix (螺旋) structure of DNA was found in the early 1950s, scientists have assumed about the possibility of artificially modifying DNA to change the functions of part of our body. The first approved gene treatment occurred in 1990, when a four-year-old girl had her own white blood cells removed, added with the genes that produce an ADA, and then put into her body to treat ADA, a genetic condition that improves the immune system’s ability to fight diseases. The patient’s body began producing the ADA enzyme (酶) , but new white blood cells with the corrected gene were not produced, so she had to continue receiving the addition. Now, genetic engineering is more available than ever before, thanks in large part to a new tool first used to change eukaryotic cells (complex cells with a nucleus) in 2013: CRISPR-Cas9. The gene editing tool works by locating a targeted section of DNA and “cutting” out that section with the Cas9 enzyme. An optional third step involves replacing the deleted section of DNA with new genetic material. The technique can be used for a wide range of applications, from increasing the muscle mass of animals kept on a farm, to producing resistant and fruitful crops and to treating diseases like cancer by removing a patient’s immune system cells, improving them to better fight a disease and planting again them into the patient’s body. In late 2018, Chinese researchers led by He Jiankui announced that they had used CRISPR-Cas9 to genetically change human embryo (胚胎), which were then transferred to a woman’s body and resulted in the birth of twin girls — the first gene-edited babies. The twins’ genes were improved to make the girls more resistant (抵抗的) to HIV, although the genetic alterations may have also resulted in unintended changes. The work was widely citicised by the scientific community, showing a need for stricter regulations for how these powerful new tools are used, particularly when it comes to changing the DNA of embryos and using those embryos to have live children. 12. What is the main idea of the 2nd paragraph? A. A patient was successfully treated with technology of gene. B. Research of DNA related with gene was applied to fight diseases. C. The girl stopped the treatment because her old blood cells were removed. D The immune system’s ability to fight disease is worth doubting at present. 13. The function of the CRISPR-Cas9 enzyme in genetic engineering is like . A. a saw B. a fork C. a scissor D. a needle 14. What is the author’s attitude towards the gene-edited baby? A. Objective. B. Supportive. C. Pessimistic. D. Unconcerned. 15. What’s the best title of the passage? A. Bearing live children with edited gene B. Editing gene improved greatly during recent years C. Producing new blood cells with the corrected gene D. Making resisted crops with the genetic engineering 【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了基因编辑工具的发展，以及基因编辑工具在现实生活中的应用。 【12题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Ever since the double-helix (螺旋) structure of DNA was found in the early 1950s, scientists have assumed about the possibility of artificially modifying DNA to change the functions of part of our body. The first approved gene treatment occurred in 1990, when a four-year-old girl had her own white blood cells removed, added with the genes that produce an ADA, and then put into her body to treat ADA, a genetic condition that improves the immune system’s ability to fight diseases. The patient’s body began producing the ADA enzyme (酶) , but new white blood cells with the corrected gene were not produced, so she had to continue receiving the addition.(自从DNA的双螺旋结构在20世纪50年代初被发现以来，科学家们就一直认为人工修改DNA来改变我们身体部分功能的可能性。第一个被批准的基因治疗发生在1990年，当时一名四岁的女孩将自己的白细胞移除，加入产生ADA的基因，然后放入她的体内治疗ADA，这是一种提高免疫系统对抗疾病能力的遗传疾病。患者的身体开始产生ADA酶，但没有产生带有纠正基因的新白细胞，因此她不得不继续接受补充)”可知，第二段的主旨是基因相关DNA的研究应用于对抗疾病。故选B。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The gene editing tool works by locating a targeted section of DNA and “cutting” out that section with the Cas9 enzyme.(基因编辑工具的工作原理是定位DNA的目标部分，并用Cas9酶“剪切”出该部分)”可知，CRISPR-Cas9酶在基因工程中的作用就像一把剪刀。故选C。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The twins’ genes were improved to make the girls more resistant (抵抗的) to HIV, although the genetic alterations may have also resulted in unintended changes. The work was widely citicised by the scientific community, showing a need for stricter regulations for how these powerful new tools are used, particularly when it comes to changing the DNA of embryos and using those embryos to have live children.(这对双胞胎的基因得到了改善，使女孩对艾滋病毒更有抵抗力，尽管基因的改变也可能导致意想不到的变化。这项工作被科学界广泛引用，表明需要对如何使用这些强大的新工具进行更严格的监管，特别是在改变胚胎DNA和使用这些胚胎生孩子方面)”可知，作者说明了基因编辑的好处以及缺点，说明是客观态度。故选A。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The ability to change genes to prevent disease has advanced significantly in the last decade.(改变基因以预防疾病的能力在过去十年中取得了显著进展)”结合本文主要介绍了基因编辑工具的发展，以及基因编辑工具在现实生活中的应用。可知，B选项“编辑基因近年来有了很大的进步”最符合文章标题。故选B。 （四） （23-24高一下·四川乐山市·期末统考） （1） Nearly one in six adolescents (青少年) have experienced cyberbullying (网络欺凌), an international study has found. More school-aged children have reported being cyberbullied than before the pandemic, according to the report by the World Health Organization (WHO). The study surveyed more than 279,000 young people from 44 countries and regions. In Wales, where nearly 37,000 young people were surveyed, 17% reported experiencing cyberbullying. The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey suggests the percentage of adolescents who reported being cyberbullied has increased since 2018, from 12% to 15% for boys and 13% to 16% for girls. In England, where more than 4,200 young people were surveyed, nearly one in five (19%) reported being cyberbullied at least once or twice in the past couple of months, and 11% reported cyberbullying others. In Scotland, where more than 4,300 young people were surveyed, 18% said they had experienced cyberbullying and 11% reported cyberbullying others. The report said there was an “urgent need” to educate young people, families and schools of the forms of cyberbullying and its impacts. Dr. Hans Henri P. Kluge, WHO regional director for Europe, said: “Protecting the health and wellbeing of teenagers and young adults is now a top priority, especially when it comes to addressing online peer violence (暴力). Cyberbullying, in particular, must be viewed as a major societal issue. With young people spending up to six hours online every single day, even small changes in the rates of bullying and violence can have deep influences on the health and wellbeing of thousands. This is both a health and a human rights issue, and we must step up to protect our children from violence and harm, both offline and online.” 24. What did the survey by WHO focus on? A. The reasons for worldwide adolescent cyberbullying. B. Effective anti-cyberbullying measures in schools. C. The seriousness of cyberbullying among adolescents. D. Positive and negative influences of cyberbullying. 25. What can be learned from paragraph 2? A. More adolescents are cyberbullied in Wales. B. Cyberbullying has become more common in schools. C. Cyberbullied people often cyberbully others. D. Boys are more likely to be cyberbullied than girls. 26. Why does Kluge think cyberbullying is a serious issue? A. Because it attracts more adolesents to stay online. B. Because it makes young people spend more time online. C. Because it takes many forms and is hard to discover. D. Because it is a kind of violence and harms teenagers a lot. 27. What is the text mainly about? A. The rise of cyberbullying among adolescents. B. Harms of the Internet for young people. C. Cyberbullying’s impact on teenagers’ social skills. D. Measures to prevent online violence. 【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了世界各地青少年受网络欺凌的情况以及专家对此的意见。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Nearly one in six adolescents (青少年) have experienced cyberbullying (网络欺凌), an international study has found. More school-aged children have reported being cyberbullied than before the pandemic, according to the report by the World Health Organization (WHO). (根据世界卫生组织的一份报告，国际研究发现，近六分之一的青少年经历过网络欺凌。报告指出，与疫情之前相比，更多学龄儿童报告遭受了网络欺凌)”可知，WHO的调查集中在青少年中网络欺凌的严重性，报告提到超过六分之一的青少年经历过网络欺凌，并强调了其比例在增加。故选C。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey suggests the percentage of adolescents who reported being cyberbullied has increased since 2018, from 12% to 15% for boys and 13% to 16% for girls. (《学龄儿童健康行为调查》显示，自2018年以来，报告遭受网络欺凌的青少年比例有所增加，男孩从12%增加到15%，女孩从13%增加到16%)”可知，该报告指出，遭受网络欺凌的青少年比例有所增加，男孩从12%增加到15%，女孩从13%增加到16%。由此推知，有越来越多的青少年遭受网络欺凌。故选B。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Cyberbullying, in particular, must be viewed as a major societal issue. With young people spending up to six hours online every single day, even small changes in the rates of bullying and violence can have deep influences on the health and wellbeing of thousands. (尤其是网络欺凌，必须被视为一个重大的社会问题。年轻人每天上网时间长达6个小时，欺凌和暴力发生率的微小变化也会对成千上万人的健康和福祉产生深远影响)”可知，Kluge博士认为网络欺凌是一个严重的问题，因为它是一种暴力行为，对青少年的健康和福祉有很大的危害。故选D。 【27题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的一份报告，全球近六分之一的青少年遭受过网络欺凌，且在疫情后这一比例有所上升。由此可知，A选项“The rise of cyberbullying among adolescents.(青少年网络欺凌的增加)”能够概括文章主要内容。故选A。 （2） Swimming in schools (群体) has massive energy-saving benefits for fish. A study by Zhang and Lauder from Harvard University has found that fish use half as much energy swimming at high speeds if they are in a school rather than alone, and they also recover in nearly half the time. It has long been thought that swimming in schools reduces energy use in addition to various other benefits. But measuring energy use in free-swimming fish is not easy, not least because as fish swim faster they can no longer produce enough energy using only the oxygen they take in via their gills (鳃) — aerobic respiration (有氧呼吸) and start using energy reserves stored in muscles — anaerobic respiration (厌氧呼吸). In the study, Zhang and Lauder put an individual fish and schools of around eight fish in long, narrow sealed tunnels where the speed of the water flow can be easily controlled. They then measured oxygen consumption. Different from previous studies, the pair kept measuring oxygen consumption for at least 19 hours after the fish swam at a certain speed. They found that at low speeds — between 0 and 3 body lengths per second — there was little difference in energy use between schools and single fish. But at higher speeds fish in schools used a lot less energy. At 7 body lengths per second, for instance, on average each fish in a school used 53 per cent less energy than single fish. At this speed the schooling fish were still getting 50 percent of their energy from aerobic respiration, whereas the single fish were getting just 20 per cent, relying on anaerobic sources for the other 80 per cent. “This study is exciting because it shows an indirect but overlooked benefit of these energy savings, which means fish have more energy to spend searching for food, digesting meals or avoiding predators.” says Shaun Killenat the University of Glasgow in the UK. 32. When fish swim at high speeds, they ________. A. consume no energy B. seldom breathe C. need more energy D. relax now and then 33. How did Zhang and Lauder do their research? A. By analyzing existing data. B. By conducting an experiment. C. By learning from previous studies. D. By observing fish in natural environment. 34. What can we infer from paragraph 4? A. The schooling fish save energy more efficiently. B. A single fish always uses more energy in swimming. C. Fish in schools swim faster than a single fish. D. Speed has nothing to do with energy consumption. 35. Where can we find the text? A. In a duty report. B. In a published book. C. In a science magazine. D. In a travel brochure. 【答案】32. C 33. B 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现鱼在鱼群中游泳可以节省能量，解释了研究开展的过程。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“But measuring energy use in free-swimming fish is not easy, not least because as fish swim faster they can no longer produce enough energy using only the oxygen they take in via their gills (鳃) — aerobic respiration (有氧呼吸) and start using energy reserves stored in muscles — anaerobic respiration (厌氧呼吸).(但是测量自由游动的鱼的能量消耗并不容易，尤其是因为随着鱼游得越来越快，它们不再能够仅仅利用它们通过鳃吸收的氧气——有氧呼吸——来产生足够的能量，而开始利用储存在肌肉中的能量储备——无氧呼吸)”可知，当鱼高速游动的时候，需要更多能量。故选C。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“In the study, Zhang and Lauder put an individual fish and schools of around eight fish in long, narrow sealed tunnels where the speed of the water flow can be easily controlled. They then measured oxygen consumption. Different from previous studies, the pair kept measuring oxygen consumption for at least 19 hours after the fish swam at a certain speed.(在这项研究中，张和劳德把一条鱼和大约8条鱼的鱼群放在又长又窄的密封隧道里，在那里水流的速度很容易控制。然后他们测量了氧气消耗。与之前的研究不同的是，在鱼以一定的速度游泳后，两条鱼持续测量了至少19个小时的耗氧量)”可知，Zhang和Lauder通过进行实验来进行研究。故选B。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“They found that at low speeds — between 0 and 3 body lengths per second — there was little difference in energy use between schools and single fish. But at higher speeds fish in schools used a lot less energy. At 7 body lengths per second, for instance, on average each fish in a school used 53 per cent less energy than single fish. At this speed the schooling fish were still getting 50 percent of their energy from aerobic respiration, whereas the single fish were getting just 20 per cent, relying on anaerobic sources for the other 80 per cent.(他们发现，在较低的速度下——在每秒0到3个体长之间——鱼群和单个鱼的能量消耗几乎没有区别。但在速度较快的情况下，鱼群消耗的能量要少得多。例如，以每秒7个体长的速度，鱼群中的每条鱼平均比单个鱼少消耗53%的能量。在这种速度下，鱼群仍能从有氧呼吸中获得50%的能量，而单独的鱼只获得20%的能量，其余的80%依靠无氧来源)”可知，鱼群更有效地节约能量。故选A。 35题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Swimming in schools (群体) has massive energy-saving benefits for fish. A study by Zhang and Lauder from Harvard University has found that fish use half as much energy swimming at high speeds if they are in a school rather than alone, and they also recover in nearly half the time.(在鱼群中游泳对鱼类有巨大的节能效益。哈佛大学的Zhang和Lauder的一项研究发现，如果鱼在一个群体中而不是单独游泳，它们在高速游泳时消耗的能量会减少一半，而且它们恢复的时间也会减少近一半)”结合文章主要说明了研究发现鱼在鱼群中游泳可以节省能量，解释了研究开展的过程。可知，文章选自科学杂志。故选C。 （五） （23-24高一下·四川泸州市·期末统考） （1） Happiness is a relative concept, but an annual index (指数) that tracks it in countries around the world has found that the United States is falling in overall well-being because younger people are feeling less and less happy. The US, for the first time, dropped out of the top 20 of the list, falling to 23rd place from 15th last year, driven by a large drop in the well-being of Americans under 30. The age difference is strikingly evident: The US ranks in the top 10 for those over 60, but for those under 30, it ranks 62nd, pulling down the overall score. The findings were announced Wednesday to mark the United Nations International Day of Happiness. It’s based on data collected by the research company Gallup and analysis by academics led by Oxford University in the UK. For the first time this year, the report gave separate rankings by age group. The report found that Lithuania topped the list for people under 30, while Denmark is the world’s happiest country for those of 60 years old and more. “We had picked up in recent years from scattered (零散的) sources of data that child and youth well-being, particularly in the United States, had seen a drop,” said Jan-Emmanuel De Neve, professor of economics and behavioral science at Oxford, who is one of the editors of the report. “That has pushed us for the first time to really slice and dice the data by these age groups, which we normally don’t do.” Well-being for people under 30 in the US ranks below the Dominican Republic, and is in line with countries such as Malaysia and Russia. Canada’s unhappy youth rank 58, four spots above the US. Meanwhile, the report also found that in countries of central and Eastern Europe, younger people are much happier than old people. But these countries have also seen the largest increases in happiness, for all ages. This year, Finland remained on top of the list, and was followed by Denmark, Iceland and Sweden. The lowest happiness scores were registered in war-ravaged Afghanistan. 8. What is the US’s new place based on the overall score? A. 10. B. 20. C. 23. D. 60. 9. Which country stands first on the list for people over 60? A. Lithuania. B. Denmark. C. Malaysia. D. Finland. 10. What did the researchers do about the data? A. They grouped the detailed facts. B. They rearranged the information in detail. C. They removed the information about ages. D. They analyzed the specific facts in age groups. 11. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. US well-being drops due to unhappy youth. B. Global well-being index sees significant falls. C. UN International Day of Happiness is celebrated. D. Happiness levels are greatly affected by the elderly. 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一项研究发现美国的整体幸福指数正在下降，因为年轻人感觉越来越不开心。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The US, for the first time, dropped out of the top 20 of the list, falling to 23rd place from 15th last year, driven by a large drop in the well-being of Americans under 30.(受30岁以下美国人幸福感大幅下降的推动，美国首次退出前20名，从去年的第15位降至第23位。)”可知，美国的总体得分排名为第23名。故选C。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The report found that Lithuania topped the list for people under 30, while Denmark is the world’s happiest country for those of 60 years old and more.(报告发现，立陶宛是30岁以下人群中最幸福的国家，而丹麦是世界上60岁及以上人群中最快乐的国家。)”可知，60岁及以上的人群中幸福指数排名第一的是丹麦。故选B。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For the first time this year, the report gave separate rankings by age group.(该报告今年首次按年龄组进行了单独的排名。)”和第五段中的“That has pushed us for the first time to really slice and dice the data by these age groups, which we normally don’t do.(这促使我们第一次真正按照这些年龄组对数据进行细分，而我们通常不会这样做。)”可知，研究人员按照年龄组队数据进行细分。故选D。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Happiness is a relative concept, but an annual index (指数) that tracks it in countries around the world has found that the United States is falling in overall well-being because younger people are feeling less and less happy.(幸福是一个相对的概念，但一项在世界各国跟踪幸福的年度指数发现，美国的整体幸福感正在下降，因为年轻人感到越来越不幸福。)”可知，本文主要讲述了年轻美国人幸福指数低导致了美国的整体幸福感正在下降。故选A。 （2） Considering irrigation’s importance for global food production and food security and for the quality and quantity of water resources, effective irrigation (灌溉) water management is a global priority. Whether or not current levels of irrigation are sustainable, and whether additional irrigation is possible, irrigation clearly depends strongly on the availability of water supplies. Based on these factors, the company Responsive Drip Irrigation (RDI) created a new type of technology, GrowStream. This is a new irrigation system that communicates directly with plants to understand their needs, delivering water when the plant interacts with the system. When plants need water, they release root exudates (分泌物) to engage in “dialogue” with microbes (微生物) found in soil. RDI takes advantage of this finding by using these substances to turn irrigation systems on and off. GrowStream’s tubes feature tiny holes made of chemical material that can accept those root exudates indicating when the tiny holes need to open and release water. As plants drink enough water, they stop releasing those substances and this tells the micropores to close the system. The water continuously streams through the tubes but is only released when the plants actually need it. This system can also be used to deliver useful substances directly to the root of the plants with the same innovative sensor system. In drought-stricken areas, this technology has the potential to increase crop yields, improve food security, save enormous amounts of water and reduce energy consumption. According to the Fast Company report, RDI says that it saves 45-50 percent more water than regular drip irrigation, another small-tubed system that is widely applied in countries that are facing severe drought. Besides, there’s no electricity or controllers to program. It’s simple to build and maintain the system. The company already has many projects in place around the globe, addressing the threat of drought in farms. GrowStream is more than a technology, related Jan Gould, CEO of RDI, as the company’s number one goal is to create awareness of earth’s limited natural resources and people’s responsibility to care for it in a new way. 12. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. How to manage water sources. B. What to do about plants’ needs. C. Why to come up with GrowStream. D. When to keep water supplies available. 13. What can be learned from Paragraph 2 about the new system? A. It can turn microbes into soil. B. It can operate all by itself. C. It can produce enough drinking water. D. It can protect plants against exudates. 14. What may be the author’s attitude towards GrowStream? A. Doubtful. B. Indifferent. C. Uncertain. D. Supportive. 15 Which could be the best title for the text? A. An Irrigation System That Can “Talk” with Plants B. The Significance of Developing Natural Resources C. The Challenges of Confirming the Global Food Security D. A Responsible Company That Can Take a Lead in Agriculture 【答案】12. C 13. B 14. D 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了Responsive Drip Irrigation(RDI)公司发明了一种新型的灌溉技术GrowStream，这种技术可以帮助提高粮食产量、增强粮食安全、节省水资源、减少能源浪费。 【12题详解】 主旨大意题。第一段前两句“Considering irrigation’s importance for global food production and food security and for the quality and quantity of water resources, effective irrigation (灌溉) water management is a global priority. Whether or not current levels of irrigation are sustainable, and whether additional irrigation is possible, irrigation clearly depends strongly on the availability of water supplies.(考虑到灌溉对全球粮食生产和粮食安全以及水资源的质量和数量的重要性，有效的灌溉水管理是全球优先事项。无论目前的灌溉水平是否可持续，以及是否有可能增加灌溉，灌溉显然在很大程度上取决于供水的可用性)”首先点明了灌溉的重要性，以及影响灌溉的因素。接着后两句“Based on these factors, the company Responsive Drip Irrigation(RDI) created a new type of technology, GrowStream. This is a new irrigation system that communicates directly with plants to understand their needs, delivering water when the plant interacts with the system.(基于这些因素，Responsive Drip（RDI）公司创造了一种新型技术GrowStream。这是一种新的灌溉系统，可以直接与植物沟通，了解它们的需求，并在植物与系统相互作用时输送水)”引出了RDI创造的GrowStream新型灌溉技术。由此可推测出，本段主要讲述了GrowStream被创造的原因。故选C。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“GrowStream’s tubes feature tiny holes made of chemical material that can accept those root exudates indicating when the tiny holes need to open and release water. As plants drink enough water, they stop releasing those substances and this tells the micropores to close the system.(GrowStream的管道具有由化学材料制成的小孔，可以接受这些根系分泌物，这些分泌物指示何时需要打开小孔并释放水分。当植物喝足够的水时，它们停止释放这些物质，这告诉微孔关闭系统)”可知，GrowStream的管道有化学材料制成的小孔，这些小孔能够接受根系分泌物进入，而这些分泌物会指示何时打开小孔并释放水分，以及何时关闭小孔。由此可推测出，这个系统可以自动运行。故选B。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In drought-stricken areas, this technology has the potential to increase crop yields, improve food security, save enormous amounts of water and reduce energy consumption.(在干旱地区，这项技术有可能提高作物产量，改善粮食安全，节省大量的水和减少能源消耗)”可知，作者评价说这项技术有利于提高作物产量，改善粮食安全，节省大量的水和减少能源消耗，由此可推测出，他对这项技术持支持（supportive）态度。故选D。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Based on these factors, the company Responsive Drip Irrigation(RDI) created a new type of technology, GrowStream. This is a new irrigation system that communicates directly with plants to understand their needs, delivering water when the plant interacts with the system.(基于这些因素，Responsive Drip（RDI）公司创造了一种新型技术GrowStream。这是一种新的灌溉系统，可以直接与植物沟通，了解它们的需求，并在植物与系统相互作用时输送水)”可知，本文主要介绍了一种新型灌溉技术GrowStream，它可以直接与植物沟通，了解它们的需求，并在植物与系统相互作用时输送水。由此可推测出，A项“一种可以与植物“对话”的灌溉系统”符合题意。故选A。 （六） （23-24高一下·四川眉山市·期末校考） （1） At Manzo Elementary School in Tucson, Arizona, raising fish at school was one small answer to a big problem: many people in the neighborhood did not have enough food to eat. The students could eat breakfast and lunch at school, but their families didn’t always have enough money to provide dinner. Buying fresh foods, such as vegetables and meat, was difficult. Then the teachers had an idea: could the students raise food at school for the neighborhood? The project wouldn’t be easy to carry out. Tucson is in a desert, so water is a precious resource. Soil in the desert doesn’t always have the nutrients plants need to grow, so the students would need to add a natural fertilizer (肥料). Counselor (顾问) Moses Thompson read about aquaponics, a way of growing fish and plants together for food. Hundreds of years ago, the Aztecs built “floating farms” called chinampas on the lakes outside what is now Mexico City. Inspired by that, Moses helped the school set up a system in which fish waste fertilizes plants, and the plants’ roots clean the water in the fish tank. Fish aren’t the only animals that help students feed their neighbors. Chickens lay eggs. Visiting pollinators help turn flowers into beans, tomatoes and so on. “Bees and butterflies come,” says Santiago, aged 10. When the students have raised enough food, it’s time for Market Day. Vegetables are available for donation to people in the neighborhood. Students sell eggs and tilapia (罗非鱼) to raise money for seeds, fish food and chicken food. “People don’t have a lot of money, so it’s a nice dream we have to give them food,” says Emmanuel, aged 11. “It’s an opportunity to be healthy and eat better.” “We can plant good food and have fun while we’re doing something important,” says Blanka, aged 10. “I’m so happy to be at this school.” 4. What is the purpose of the project? A. To promote harmony between family and school. B. To provide part-time jobs for the students. C. To increase income of the school teachers. D. To feed poor people in the local neighborhood. 5. What can we know about the system of aquaponics? A. It needs an added natural fertilizer to function. B. It suits a desert environment like Tucson best. C. It belongs to a sustainable farming method. D. It has long been used in the United States. 6. What does the underlined word “pollinators” in Paragraph 5 probably refer to? A. Some fishes. B. Some experts. C. Some technologies. D. Some insects. 7. What can we learn about the project from the last three paragraphs? A. It receives a warm welcome. B. It helps earn much money. C. It needs to be more creative. D. It takes ages to see the results. 【答案】4. D 5. C 6. D 7. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是位于亚利桑那州图森市的曼佐小学为了帮助附近社区居民解决食物短缺问题，开展了一个学校内养鱼和种植食物的项目。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The students could eat breakfast and lunch at school, but their families didn’t always have enough money to provide dinner. Buying fresh foods, such as vegetables and meat, was difficult. Then the teachers had an idea: could the students raise food at school for the neighborhood?(学生们可以在学校吃早餐和午餐，但他们的家庭并不总是有足够的钱提供晚餐。购买新鲜食品，如蔬菜和肉类，是很困难的。然后老师们有了一个想法：学生们可以在学校里为邻居们筹集食物吗?)”可知，许多邻居没有足够的钱购买晚餐食物，因此这个项目的目的是为当地社区的穷人提供食物。因此，D选项“To feed poor people in the local neighborhood.(为当地社区的穷人提供食物)”为正确答案。故选D。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Counselor (顾问) Moses Thompson read about aquaponics, a way of growing fish and plants together for food.(顾问摩西·汤普森读到了鱼菜共生法(aquaponics)，这是一种将鱼和植物一起养植以获取食物的方法。)”以及本段中“Inspired by that, Moses helped the school set up a system in which fish waste fertilizes plants, and the plants’ roots clean the water in the fish tank.(受此启发，摩西帮助学校建立了一个系统，鱼的排泄物给植物施肥，植物的根清洁鱼缸里的水。)”可知，该系统以鱼废料为植物施肥，植物根部清洁鱼池中的水，形成了一个可持续的循环系统”，因此可以推断出该系统是一种可持续的农业方法。故选C。 【6题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后面的内容“…help turn flowers into beans, tomatoes and so on. “Bees and butterflies come,” says Santiago, aged 10.(……帮助把花变成豆子、西红柿等。“蜜蜂和蝴蝶来了，”10岁的圣地亚哥说。)”可知，蜜蜂和蝴蝶是昆虫，一些昆虫帮助通过授粉，帮助把花变成豆子、西红柿等，所以可以推断出划线词“pollinators”指的是“Some insects(昆虫)”，与D选项为同义词。故选D。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“When the students have raised enough food, it’s time for Market Day. Vegetables are available for donation to people in the neighborhood. Students sell eggs and tilapia (罗非鱼) to raise money for seeds, fish food and chicken food.(当学生们筹集到足够的食物时，就到了赶集日了。蔬菜可以捐赠给附近的人。学生们出售鸡蛋和罗非鱼来筹集资金购买种子、鱼食和鸡肉食品。)”以及倒数第二段““People don’t have a lot of money, so it’s a nice dream we have to give them food,” says Emmanuel, aged 11. “It’s an opportunity to be healthy and eat better.”(11岁的伊曼纽尔说：“人们没有很多钱，所以我们必须给他们食物，这是一个美好的梦想。”“这是一个保持健康、吃得更好的机会。”)”以及倒数第一段““We can plant good food and have fun while we’re doing something important,” says Blanka, aged 10. “I’m so happy to be at this school.”(10岁的布兰卡说：“我们可以在做重要事情的同时种植好食物，享受乐趣。”“我很高兴来到这所学校。”)”可知，因为该项目为当地的居民们提供了食物，并帮助他们吃得更好，同时也让学生们分享了乐趣，由此推断该项目受到了热烈的欢迎。故选A。 （2） Coffee plants grow wild in Ethiopia, Africa and were probably used by local people for thousands of years, but it wasn’t until the 1400s that people found they could roast (烘烤) its seeds. Then it really took off. By the 1500s, the drink had spread across the Arab world. Within another 150 years, it took Europe by storm. “It actually had a major influence on the rise of business,” says historian Pendergrast. Coffeehouses became a spot not just to enjoy a cup but to exchange ideas. Literature, newspapers and even some great musical works were also produced in coffeehouses. It is often said that after the Boston Tea Party of 1773, when American police raided (突击搜查) British tea ships and threw boxes of tea into the harbor, Americans universally changed over to drinking coffee. In a letter John Adams, the Founding Father, declared his love of tea but said he would have to learn to accept coffee instead, because drinking tea meant not supporting America. For all the upsides coffee has brought the modern world, it also resulted in downsides, too. Europeans carried coffee with them as they occupied various parts of the world, and this frequently meant they enslaved (奴役) people in order to grow it. “Ironically (讽刺地), to seek equality, people came together to plan the French Revolution (革命) in coffeehouses,” Pendergrast says. “But they were there drinking coffee grown by African slaves.” Today, coffee has become a powerful drink. Many people drink it for breakfast to start their day and to relax at the end of it. It not only helps keep us awake and active, it also has helped shape our history and continues to shape our culture. As Pendergrast puts it, coffee “had a very good impact in many ways on our civilization, even though it was, for a long time, grown by slaves.” 8. What can we learn about coffee drinking from the first two paragraphs? A. It started thousands of years ago. B. It caused heavy rain in Europe. C. It pushed the rise of business. D. It provided many jobs for people. 9. What happened after the Boston Tea Party of 1773? A. A war broke out between the USA and Britain. B. American police took control of British ships. C. Americans generally began to drink coffee. D. John Adams changed over to drinking tea. 10. What is the author’s attitude to coffee? A. Positive. B. Objective. C. Negative. D. Unclear. 11. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. How Coffee Influenced the Course of History B. How Coffee Developed into a National Drink C. How Coffee Made Its Way to the World D. How Coffee Influenced the Equality of the World 【答案】8. C 9. C 10. B 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章简要概述了咖啡的历史和影响。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中““It actually had a major influence on the rise of business,” says historian Pendergrast.（历史学家彭德格拉斯特说：‘它实际上对商业的兴起产生了重大影响。’）可知，咖啡对商业的兴起产生了重大影响，推动了商业的崛起。故选C。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“It is often said that after the Boston Tea Party of 1773, when American police raided (突击搜查) British tea ships and threw boxes of tea into the harbor, Americans universally changed over to drinking coffee.”（据说，在1773年的波士顿茶党事件之后，当美国警察突击搜查了英国的茶船，并把一箱箱茶叶扔进海港时，美国人就普遍改喝咖啡了。）可知，1773年的波士顿茶党事件之后，美国人普遍改喝咖啡了。故选C。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“For all the upsides coffee has brought the modern world, it also resulted in downsides, too. Europeans carried coffee with them as they occupied various parts of the world, and this frequently meant they enslaved (奴役) people in order to grow it.”（尽管咖啡给现代社会带来了诸多好处，但它也带来了负面影响。当欧洲人占领世界各地时，他们随身携带咖啡，这通常意味着他们奴役人来种植咖啡。）和最后一段中作者引用的Pendergrast话“coffee “had a very good impact in many ways on our civilization, even though it was, for a long time, grown by slaves.””（尽管在很长一段时间里，它是由奴隶种植的，咖啡“在许多方面对我们的文明产生了很好的影响。”）可知，文章作者在描述咖啡的历史和影响时，既提到了它的积极影响，如推动商业的崛起，也提到了它的负面影响，如奴役人民种植咖啡。因此，作者对咖啡的态度是客观的。故选B。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了咖啡的历史、对商业的影响、与波士顿茶党事件的关系、咖啡的负面影响以及咖啡对现代社会的影响。文章主要围绕咖啡对历史进程的影响展开。因此，最适合本文的标题是“咖啡如何影响历史的进程”。故选A。 （3） Nowadays most kids live on their digital devices. Some data show that the social media could play a role in their mental health — something that has been on the decrease among teens and tweens. But how big a role it plays also appears to depend on how kids choose to use it. In recent years, the internet has done some great things. It’s brought people closer together. It’s helped people form big communities in the world. And it can be an important place for people to find support and connection. But some adolescents (青少年) can be exposed to something harmful. For example, one 2022 survey found that nearly half of all teens have been cyberbullied (网络欺凌) online. The same survey found that nearly two in every three adolescents experienced hate-based content on social media. Social media is also a space where people are repeatedly comparing themselves to others. Am I pretty enough? Strong enough? One study of kids 13 to 17 years old found that almost half reported that time spent on social media made them feel worse about their bodies. Only about one in every seven said viewing social media made them feel better. “It’s hard to study the influence of social media on mental health,” Whitlock, a research psychologist studying internet use by adolescents, explains, “because everyone uses it.” There’s no large group of others to which researchers can compare them. Still, one study of nearly 6,600 U.S. teens linked use of social media to depression, anxiety and a poor body image. There’s still not enough evidence to say social media is safe for kids, but there was plenty of evidence to warn kids that they should take care when using it. The takeaway, Whitlock says, is that social media use needs to be intentional (有意的). By that, she means “used for some purposeful goal”, not just to pass the time. 12. What use of the internet does paragraph 2 mainly focus on? A. Job hunting. B. Online shopping. C Home schooling. D. Social networking. 13. Why can teens be negatively affected in their mental health by using social media? A. They are so busy with online surveys as not to get relaxed. B. They are very likely to suffer from cyberbullying online. C. They are always compared in looks and strength. D. They are too young to deal with stress properly. 14. According to Whitlock, what is the challenge for researchers? A. Not enough comparisons. B. Improper research designs. C. Too many internet users. D. Limited study periods. 15 What advice is given to kids on the use of social media? A. Use it carefully, since it is linked to both good and harm. B. Try not to use it, considering the risk it may cause. C. Use it however you want, as long as there is a purpose. D. Don’t use it to kill time but for some real purpose. 【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了社交媒体对青少年心理健康的影响。文章呼吁青少年在使用社交媒体时应该更加谨慎和理智。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“In recent years, the internet has done some great things. It’s brought people closer together. It’s helped people form big communities in the world. And it can be an important place for people to find support and connection.(近年来，互联网做了一些伟大的事情。它拉近了人们之间的距离。它帮助人们在世界上形成了大的社区。它可以成为人们寻求支持和联系的重要场所。)”可知，近年来，互联网把人们更紧密地联系在一起，它帮助人们形成了世界上的大社区，即互联网主要关注的是社交网络的用途。故选D。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“For example, one 2022 survey found that nearly half of all teens have been cyberbullied (网络欺凌) online. The same survey found that nearly two in every three adolescents experienced hate-based content on social media.(例如，2022年的一项调查发现，近一半的青少年在网上受到过网络欺凌。同样的调查发现，近三分之二的青少年在社交媒体上经历过仇恨内容。)” 说明青少年在使用社交媒体时很容易受到网络欺凌的负面影响，导致他们的心理健康受到影响。因此，B选项“They are very likely to suffer from cyberbullying online.(他们很可能遭受网络欺凌)”符合题意。故选B。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中““It’s hard to study the influence of social media on mental health,” Whitlock, a research psychologist studying internet use by adolescents, explains, “because everyone uses it.” There’s no large group of others to which researchers can compare them.(研究青少年互联网使用的研究心理学家Whitlock解释说：“很难研究社交媒体对心理健康的影响，因为每个人都在使用它。”研究人员无法将它们与其他大群体进行比较。)”可知，Whitlock认为研究社交媒体对心理健康的影响很难，因为每个人都使用社交媒体，没有可供比较的其他大群体。因此，研究的挑战在于没有足够的比较对象。故选A。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The takeaway, Whitlock says, is that social media use needs to be intentional (有意的). By that, she means “used for some purposeful goal”, not just to pass the time.(Whitlock说，结论是社交媒体的使用需要有意识。她的意思是“用于某些有目的的目标”，而不仅仅是消磨时间。)”可知，Whitlock认为社交媒体的使用需要有意为之，她指的是用于有实际目的的目标，而不仅仅是为了消磨时间。因此，她给孩子们的建议是不要仅仅为了消磨时间而使用社交媒体，而是要有实际的目的。故选D。 （七） （23-24高一下·四川绵阳市·期末统考） （1） We are all stuck in the thought of having satisfying relationships, which bring some meaning to our lives and make us happy. We are so busy in finding true happiness that we often forget true happiness lies within us. You have to love yourself first in order to love someone else. We have heard in countless inspiring speeches that self-love is the basis of a happy life. Have you ever wondered that with so many people advertising self-love, why haven’t we been able to love ourselves? One of the reasons for our failure to love ourselves is that we have been taught to be selfless from the start of time. The minute we start thinking about ourselves, everyone around us makes it their personal mission to remind us of how selfish we are. However, there is nothing wrong with putting your needs and yourself first. Self-love is not selfish. It only helps us better understand which sacrifices (牺牲) are worth making! Actually, self-love and healthy relationships cannot be separated. Self-love is the very core of any healthy relationship. Now you might wonder how my love for myself is going to make me able to have a healthy relationship. Isn’t a healthy relationship all about giving? Honestly, No. When you know your worth, you know what you are willing to accept in a relationship and what not. You will know where to draw boundaries because you value your own opinions. You will have a clear understanding of what you need, what are your values and your limits. From now on, you should realize that true happiness lies within you and you shouldn’t waste time and effort searching for peace and joy in the world outside. 8. Where can we find true happiness? A. In meaningful lives. B. In selfless partnership. C. In self-loving hearts. D. In satisfying relationships. 9. Why do we fail to love ourselves? A We are taught to be selfish. B. We focus on others too much. C. We never make any sacrifices. D. We have to achieve our missions. 10. What does the writer advise us to do? A. Ignore our own needs. B. Value others’ opinions. C. Stop pursuing joy from others. D. Accept everything in a relationship. 11. What can be learnt from the passage? A. Self-love will make people become selfish. B. Healthy relationships result from self-love. C. Self-love won’t exist without healthy relationships. D. Healthy relationships are more important than our needs. 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. C 11. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍我们要学会自爱并给出一些建议。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第二段“You have to love yourself first in order to love someone else. We have heard in countless inspiring speeches that self-love is the basis of a happy life. (要想爱别人，你必须先爱自己。我们在无数鼓舞人心的演讲中听到，自爱是幸福生活的基础。)”可知，我们在自爱的心中找到真正的幸福。故选C项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第三段“One of the reasons for our failure to love ourselves is that we have been taught to be selfless from the start of time. The minute we start thinking about ourselves, everyone around us makes it their personal mission to remind us of how selfish we are.(我们没有爱自己的原因之一是，我们从一开始就被教导要无私。当我们开始思考自己的那一刻，我们周围的每个人都把提醒我们有多自私作为他们的个人使命。)”可知，我们不能爱自己，是因为我们被教导要无私从而过于关注他人。故选B项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第五段“From now on, you should realize that true happiness lies within you and you shouldn’t waste time and effort searching for peace and joy in the world outside.(从现在起，你应该意识到真正的幸福就在你内心，你不应该浪费时间和精力在外面的世界里寻找和平与快乐。)”可知，作者建议我们不要再追求从别人那里获得的快乐。故选C项。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第四段“Actually, self-love and healthy relationships cannot be separated. Self-love is the very core of any healthy relationship. Now you might wonder how my love for myself is going to make me able to have a healthy relationship. Isn’t a healthy relationship all about giving? Honestly, No.(事实上，自爱和健康的关系是分不开的。自爱是任何健康关系的核心。现在你可能会想，我对自己的爱将如何使我能够拥有一段健康的关系。一段健康的关系不就是给予吗？老实说，不是。)”可知，健康的人际关系源于自爱。故选B项。 （2） From Black Beauty to The Chronicles of Narnia, many films and stories have shown the close bond that can develop between a human and a horse. However, no one knows how much horses actually understand about their buman companions. Recently, researchers have been trying to determine whether horses understand human emotions, and they have found that horses can tell when someone feels happy or sad. To conduct the experiment, the researchers tried a technique that is often used to study how much babies understand about the world around them. It involves setting up a situation that does not make sense. The researchers brought 28 horses into a room, one by one. They showed each horse a picture of a happy human and a sad human. At the same time, they played a recording of a happy or sad voice. When the picture and voice didn’t match — for example, if the voice was sad but the picture showed a happy person — the horse seemed puzzled and looked for a longer time, as if it knew something didn’t make sense. “You could imagine that they have a particular box in their mind labeled ‘human sadness’ containing the characteristics of both a human sad face and a human sad voice — and that when we are sad, they expect what we say to match how we look,” said researcher Océane Liehrmann of the University of Turku, in Finland. The researchers also believe that horses prefer to be around happy people. The animals spent more time looking at the happy person’s picture and seemed more excited when they heard a joyful voice. It is possible that the horses might have associated happy human expressions with positive memories from their past. Another theory is that seeing a happy person could actually make a horse feel happier — a process known as emotional infection. “We don’t know whether horses themselves understand what it is to be sad,” said Liehrmann. However, “it is possible that they learn that it means something for a human,” she said. 12. Why are the two films mentioned in Paragraph 1? A. To introduce the topic. B. To show their popularity. C. To attract people to watch films. D. To ask people to care about horses. 13. How did the researchers study the horses? A. By talking to them. B. By recording their voices. C. By comparing their pictures. D. By observing their reactions. 14. How may a horse feel when hearing a sad voice from a happy face? A. Sad. B. Happy. C. Confused. D. Excited. 15. What is the passage mainly talking about? A. Horses may feel very happy or sad. B. Horses may have positive memories. C. Horses can get along well with people. D. Horses can understand people’s feelings. 【答案】12. A 13. D 14. C 15. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项有关马的研究——马可以区分人类通过面部动作或声调表达的快乐和悲伤。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“From Black Beauty to The Chronicles of Narnia, many films and stories have shown the close bond that can develop between a human and a horse. However, no one knows how much horses actually understand about their buman companions. Recently, researchers have been trying to determine whether horses understand human emotions, and they have found that horses can tell when someone feels happy or sad.”（从《黑骏马》到《纳尼亚传奇》，许多电影和故事都展示了人与马之间的亲密关系。然而，没有人知道马对它们的人类同伴到底了解多少。最近，研究人员一直在试图确定马是否理解人类的情绪，他们发现马可以分辨出一个人何时感到快乐或悲伤。）可知，第一段提到的两部电影都与马有关，后文紧接着提到了关于马的研究成果，故第一段提到的两部电影是为了引出文章的主题。故选A项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中间部分内容“The researchers brought 28 horses into a room, one by one. They showed each horse a picture of a happy human and a sad human. At the same time, they played a recording of a happy or sad voice. When the picture and voice didn’t match — for example, if the voice was sad but the picture showed a happy person — the horse seemed puzzled and looked for a longer time, as if it knew something didn’t make sense.”（研究人员把28匹马一个接一个地带到一个房间里。他们给每匹马看了一幅照片，分别是一个快乐的人和一个悲伤的人。与此同时，他们播放了一段快乐或悲伤的录音。当图片和声音不匹配时——例如，如果声音是悲伤的，而图片上是一个快乐的人——马似乎很困惑，而且看了很长时间，好像它知道有些事情是不合理的。）可知，研究人员通过观察马在看到不同图片和听到不同声音时的反应来研究马对人类情绪的反应。故选D项。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段第六句“When the picture and voice didn’t match — for example, if the voice was sad but the picture showed a happy person — the horse seemed puzzled and looked for a longer time, as if it knew something didn’t make sense.”（图片和声音不匹配时——例如，如果声音是悲伤的，而图片上是一个快乐的人——马似乎很困惑，而且看了很长时间，好像它知道有些事情是不合理的。）可知，当马从一张快乐的脸上听到悲伤的声音时，会感到困惑。故选C项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Recently, researchers have been trying to determine whether horses understand human emotions, and they have found that horses can tell when someone feels happy or sad.”（最近，研究人员一直在试图确定马是否理解人类的情绪，他们发现马可以分辨出一个人何时感到快乐或悲伤。）并结合第二段的实验结果及最后一段第一句“It is possible that the horses might have associated happy human expressions with positive memories from their past.”（马可能把人类快乐的表情和它们过去的积极记忆联系在一起。）可知，本文通过实验证明了马可以理解人类的情绪，尤其可以分辨出一个人何时感到快乐或悲伤。故选D项。 （八） （23-24高一下·四川南充市·期末统考） （1） Humans have lived in cities for around 5,000 years. These cities were unlike modern cities, but still organized places meant for many people to live together peacefully. So, what was life like in the earliest cities created by humankind? Using modern technology, scientific explorers have discovered some answers. The Indus Valley civilization existed from about 3300 — 1700 BCE, roughly 5,320 to 3,720years ago. Also known as the Harappan civilization, the Indus Valley civilization was one of the world’s earliest urban civilizations. At the same time, the civilizations of ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, and China were also prosperous. The Harappan civilization was located in South Asia, in what is now Pakistan and northwest India. Although the Harappans had a written language, scholars today cannot decipher the text. As a result, most of what is known about Harappans comes from the ruins of their two largest cities: Harappa and Mohenjo-daro. Both cities cover less than 2.6 square kilometers, or one square mile. This is much smaller than modern cities. For example, in the United States, Central Park in New York City alone has an area of 1.3 square miles. The cities had an estimated population of around40,000 each. The cities were located about 644 kilometers, or 400 miles, from one another and were similar in layout. Scholars believe the Harappans used the position of the rising sun and moon to determine their cities’ geography. One significant feature of Harappan cities was their highly developed systems for supplying water and removing waste. In Mohenjo-daro, about 700 wells supplied water to the city’s buildings. Explorers continue to investigate the Harappan civilization. Since 1986, they have made many important discoveries. Artifacts (手工艺品) are displayed at the National Museum in New Delhi, India, and in museums throughout the world. 8. What can we learn about the Harappan civilization from paragraph 2? A. It dates from thousands of years ago. B. It belongs to the Indus Valley civilization. C. It was the only urban civilization then. D. It was located in what is now China. 9. What does the underlined word “decipher” mean in paragraph 3? A. Select. B. Understand. C. Draft. D. Recite. 10. What is a notable feature of Harappan cities mentioned in the text? A. Modern designs and tall buildings. B. Large parks and entertainment areas. C. Advanced water and waste systems. D. Huge areas and large populations. 11. Where can the text be found? A. In a novel. B. In an art magazine. C. In a biography. D. In a history journal. 【答案】8. A 9. B 10. C 11. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了印度河流域文明也被称为哈拉帕文明，是世界上最早的城市文明之一。文章重点介绍了哈拉帕文明的相关内容。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The Indus Valley civilization existed from about 3300—1700 BCE, roughly 5,320 to 3,720years ago. Also known as the Harappan civilization, the Indus Valley civilization was one of the world’s earliest urban civilizations.”（印度河流域文明存在于公元前3300-1700年，大约5320 - 3720年前。印度河流域文明也被称为哈拉帕文明，是世界上最早的城市文明之一。）可知，从第二段我们可以了解到哈拉帕文明可以追溯到几千年前。故选A项。 【9题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线单词句中“Although the Harappans had a written language”（虽然哈拉帕人有书面语言）以及第三段中“As a result, most of what is known about Harappans comes from the ruins of their two largest cities: Harappa and Mohenjo-daro.”（因此，人们对哈拉帕人的大部分了解都来自他们两个最大城市的废墟：哈拉帕和摩亨佐-达罗。）由此可知，此处为今天的学者不能解读文本，故可猜测划线单词decipher为“解读”的意思，结合选项B项Understand“理解”意思相近。故选B项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“One significant feature of Harappan cities was their highly developed systems for supplying water and removing waste.”（哈拉帕城市的一个显著特征是其高度发达的供水和垃圾处理系统。）可知，文中提到的哈拉帕城市的一个显著特征是先进的供水和废物处理系统。故选C项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Humans have lived in cities for around 5,000 years. These cities were unlike modern cities, but still organized places meant for many people to live together peacefully. So, what was life like in the earliest cities created by humankind? Using modern technology, scientific explorers have discovered some answers.”（人类在城市中生活了大约5000年。这些城市不像现代城市，但仍然是有组织的地方，意味着许多人和平地生活在一起。那么，人类最早创造的城市里的生活是什么样的呢？利用现代技术，科学探索者已经发现了一些答案。）和最后一段“Explorers continue to investigate the Harappan civilization. Since 1986, they have made many important discoveries. Artifacts (手工艺品) are displayed at the National Museum in New Delhi, India, and in museums throughout the world.”（探险家们继续调查哈拉帕文明。自1986年以来，他们有了许多重要的发现。文物在印度新德里的国家博物馆和世界各地的博物馆展出。）可知，文章主要讲的是印度河流域文明也被称为哈拉帕文明，是世界上最早的城市文明之一。文章重点介绍了哈拉帕文明，由此可知，文章属于历史方面的内容，故这篇文章可能出现在历史杂志上。故选D项。 （2） Many people struggle to maintain their focus while reading. If you’re a student, this problem can get in the way of completing coursework and understanding course material. What can you do to help yourself focus while reading, so you can stay on track academically? A new way of reading, might offer an answer to this question. It’s called bionic reading, and it was created by the Swiss typographic designer Renato Casutt. Bionic reading works by strategically bolding parts of words to make text easier to process. Here’s an example of what that looks like: Reading As before Bionic Reading is a new method facilitating the reading process by guiding the eyes through text with artificial fixation points. Reading mode Bionic Reading (variation) Bionic Reading is a new method facilitating the reading process by guiding the eyes through text with artificial fixation points. According to Renato Casutt’s website, bionic reading uses a special algorithm (算法) to work its magic. The algorithm identifies and bolds the “most important parts of words” to help guide your eyes over the text more quickly. Casutt calls these bolded parts of words “fixations.” He claims that by letting your eyes jump from one fixation to the next (and letting your brain fill in the rest of each word), you can read faster than you would normally. On his website, Casutt says he has gotten feedback from dyslexia users who have reading disorder. They have understood texts more quickly with bionic reading. Millions of people have also been reacting to bionic reading on social media, and many people with dyslexia have said bionic reading helps them focus. In truth, more research is needed before we can guarantee that bionic reading will help anyone read texts more quickly or effectively. If you’d like to try it out for yourself and see if bionic reading helps you focus, you can access the bionic reading software online for free. 12. What is the main purpose of bionic reading? A. To create a new form of expression. B. To make text more visually attractive. C. To help people to read more efficiently. D. To provide an enjoyable reading experience. 13. How does bionic reading work? A. By changing the size of letters. B. By highlighting all the letters. C. By bolding the key letters. D. By underlining important letters. 14. What is the author’s attitude towards bionic reading? A. Positive but cautious. B. Excited and supportive. C. Critical and doubtful. D. Objective but uninterested. 15. What is the best title for the text? A. The Future of Reading Technologies B. Bionic Reading: A New Way to Focus C. Traditional Reading VS. Bionic Reading D. How to Improve Your Reading Speed? 【答案】12. C 13. C 14. A 15. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种新的阅读方式——仿生阅读，可以帮助人们在阅读时集中注意力，从而更有效地阅读。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Many people struggle to maintain their focus while reading. If you’re a student, this problem can get in the way of completing coursework and understanding course material. What can you do to help yourself focus while reading, so you can stay on track academically? A new way of reading, might offer an answer to this question. It’s called bionic reading, and it was created by the Swiss typographic designer Renato Casutt.”（许多人在阅读时很难保持注意力。如果你是一名学生，这个问题可能会妨碍你完成课程作业和理解课程材料。你能做些什么来帮助自己在阅读时集中注意力，这样你就能在学业上保持正轨了？一种新的阅读方式可能会为这个问题提供答案。它被称为仿生阅读，是由瑞士印刷设计师雷纳托·卡苏特发明的。）可知，仿生阅读的主要目的是帮助人们更有效地阅读。故选C项。 13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“According to Renato Casutt’s website, bionic reading uses a special algorithm(算法) to work its magic. The algorithm identifies and bolds the “most important parts of words” to help guide your eyes over the text more quickly.”（根据Renato Casutt的网站，仿生阅读使用一种特殊的算法来发挥它的魔力。该算法识别并保留“单词中最重要的部分”，以帮助你更快地引导眼睛浏览文本。）可知，仿生阅读通过抓住关键字母来工作的。故选C项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“They have understood texts more quickly with bionic reading. Millions of people have also been reacting to bionic reading on social media, and many people with dyslexia have said bionic reading helps them focus.”（通过仿生阅读，他们能更快地理解文本。数百万人也在社交媒体上对仿生阅读做出了反应，许多患有阅读障碍的人表示，仿生阅读有助于他们集中注意力。）以及最后一段中“In truth, more research is needed before we can guarantee that bionic reading will help anyone read texts more quickly or effectively.”（事实上，在我们能够保证仿生阅读能够帮助任何人更快、更有效地阅读文本之前，还需要进行更多的研究。）可推知，作者对仿生阅读的态度是积极但谨慎的。故选A项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“What can you do to help yourself focus while reading, so you can stay on track academically? A new way of reading, might offer an answer to this question. It’s called bionic reading, and it was created by the Swiss typographic designer Renato Casutt.”（你能做些什么来帮助自己在阅读时集中注意力，这样你就能在学业上保持正轨了？一种新的阅读方式可能会为这个问题提供答案。它被称为仿生阅读，是由瑞士印刷设计师雷纳托·卡苏特发明的。）可知，文章主要讲的是一种新的阅读方式——仿生阅读，可以帮助人们在阅读时集中注意力，从而更有效地阅读。故文章最好的标题是“仿生阅读：一种专注的新方式”。故选B项。 （九） （23-24高一下·四川内江市·期末统考） A new study proves when teenagers cut back on social media use, they seem to feel better about themselves. Helen Thai, a doctoral student in psychology at McGill University, conducted the study. She said the research came from her own personal experiences. “I couldn’t help but compare myself when I was using social media, making me unsatisfied with my self-image,” Thai says. Although she was aware that social media posts often presented images that can be unrealistic in real life, it still had a negative impact on her. So, Thai and a team of researchers decided to test whether reduced time on social media would increase self-confidence in body image. They hired a few hundred volunteers, aged 14 — 18, all of whom had experienced signs of anxiety or depression, which could make them easier to be affected by social media. Half of the teens were asked to reduce their social media to 60 minutes a day for three weeks. The other half continued to use social media freely, which averaged about three hours per day. The researchers gave the teens surveys at the beginning and end of the study. It included statements such as “I’m pretty happy about the way I look,” and “I am satisfied with my weight.” Among the group that cut social media use, the overall score on appearance satisfaction improved from 2.95 to 3.15 on a 5-point scale. “This may seem like a small change, but any change in such a short period of time is striking,” the authors say. “This research showed promising results that weight and appearance confidence can improve when people cut back on social media use,” wrote Thai. Thai says it’s encouraging that teens were willing to cut back screen time, even for three weeks. It’s also worth experimenting this approach with other groups, such as people with or at risk of eating disorders. 12. What inspired Thai to do the research? A. Her self-image. B. Social media posts. C. Her own experiences. D. Her self-confidence. 13. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The process of the study. B. The result of the study. C. The volunteers of the study. D. The background of the study. 14. Which word can best replace the underlined word in paragraph 3? A. Discouraging. B. Surprising. C. Disappointing. D. Confusing. 15. What may Thai agree with in the last paragraph? A. Teens cut back screen time easily. B. The approach of the research is applicable. C. Reduced screen time improves appearance. D. The result of the research is beyond expectation. 【答案】12. C 13. A 14. B 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了Helen Thai进行的一项研究，该研究证明青少年减少社交媒体使用时间，他们对自己的感觉似乎会更好。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“She said the research came from her own personal experiences.(她说这项研究来源于她自己的个人经历)”可知，Thai进行这项研究的灵感来源于她自己的个人经历，故选C项。 【13题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“They hired a few hundred volunteers, aged 14-18, all of whom had experienced signs of anxiety or depression, which could make them easier to be affected by social media. Half of the teens were asked to reduce their social media to 60 minutes a day for three weeks. The other half continued to use social media freely, which averaged about three hours per day. The researchers gave the teens surveys at the beginning and end of the study. It included statements such as “I’m pretty happy about the way I look,” and “I am satisfied with my weight.”(他们招募了几百名年龄在14至18岁之间的志愿者，这些志愿者都经历过焦虑或抑郁的迹象，这可能会使他们更容易受到社交媒体的影响。一半的青少年被要求将他们的社交媒体使用时间减少到每天60分钟，持续三周。另一半则继续自由使用社交媒体，平均每天大约三小时。研究人员在研究开始和结束时给青少年们进行了调查。调查包括诸如‘我对自己的样子感到相当满意’和‘我对自己的体重感到满意’等陈述)”可知，第二段主要描述了研究的过程，包括志愿者招募、分组、限制社交媒体使用时间、调查内容等。故选A项。 【14题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第三段划线词所在句“This may seem like a small change, but any change in such a short period of time is striking.(这可能看起来是一个小小的改变，但在如此短的时间内的任何变化都是)”中的“This may seem like a small change”以及表达转折含义的连词but可知，此句表达的意思是：尽管变化看似微小，但在如此短的时间内发生的任何变化都是惊人的，striking与B选项Surprising意思相近。故选B项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thai says it’s encouraging that teens were willing to cut back screen time, even for three weeks.(Thai说，令人鼓舞的是，青少年愿意减少屏幕时间，即使只有三周。)”以及最后一句“It’s also worth experimenting this approach with other groups, such as people with or at risk of eating disorders.(这种方法也值得在其他群体中进行尝试，例如患有或有饮食失调风险的人。)”可知，Thai认为这种减少屏幕时间的方法是可行的，故选B项。 （十） （23-24高一下·四川宜宾市·期末统考） （1） Traditionally, filmmaking has been seen as a domain (领域) limited to professional teams led by experienced directors or wealthy individuals. However, with the help of AI- generated content (AIGC), ordinary people are now ab le to produce brilliant films and even receive awards at a film festival. This year, the 14th Beijing International Film Festival (BJIFF) introduced the AIGC Short Film Unit for the first time. From January to April, the committee received 430 films from both domestic and international creators. Impressively,45 percent of the total submissions (提交) were from independent creators, with the youngest being just 11 years old, while professionals accounted for only 10.7 percent. “AIGC is changing the film industry by allowing ordinary people to create films,” stated Wang Lei. Wang Zimin, a 29- year- old journalism major, won the Best Creative Award with his film Illegal Report. In his film, a special group decides whether beings are considered as AI or human to prevent chaos. A significant challenge in AIGC filmmaking is shot continuity because many AIGC applications can only produce random video clips based on users’ order. As a result, characters often appear differently in following scenes. Wang Zimin explained his innovative solution: “To maintain continuity, I used unclear images to make the scenes smooth.” He added, “I dug into AI applications for just two months. AIGC tools are everywhere and user- friendly like Meitu.” According to Song Donghuan, a scriptwriter and founder of StoryStorm, a leading AIGC workshop, “AIGC filmmaking is accessible to everyone, with no barriers related to wealth or technology. The essential requirement is a strong desire to express themselves.” Song also highlighted the transformative impact of AI: “We are fortunate to live in the era of AL Now, the only limit to becoming a director is not the absence of a team, scenes or actors, but rather your own imagination.” 8. What can we know about the AIGC Short Film Unit at the 14th BJIFF? A. Chinese creators contributed to half of the films. B. Only 10.7 percent of the films were well- received. C. Most of the entries were made by non- professionals. D. Individuals age under 18 were disqualified to submit films. 9. What is one problem of using AIGC to make films according to the text? A. Unclear images at certain scenes. B. Lack of continuity between scenes. C. The limited AIGC tools in filmmaking. D. High costs for independent filmmakers. 10. Which is closest in meaning to “transformative” in the last paragraph? A. Short- termed. B. Negative. C. Predictable. D. Ground- breaking. 11. Which is the most suitable title for the text? A. The Rise of Independent Filmmakers. B Wang Zimin: A Rising Star in the Film Industry. C. A Revolutionary Era in Filmmaking: The Role of AI. D. The Development of Beijing International Film Festival. 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了AI（人工智能）在电影制作中的新应用及其对电影行业产生的变革性影响。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Impressively,45 percent of the total submissions (提交) were from independent creators, with the youngest being just 11 years old, while professionals accounted for only 10.7 percent. (令人印象深刻的是，45%的参赛作品来自独立创作者，最年轻的只有11岁，而专业创作者只占10.7%。)”可知，大部分参赛作品是由非专业人士制作的。故选C。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“A significant challenge in AIGC filmmaking is shot continuity because many AIGC applications can only produce random video clips based on users’ order. As a result, characters often appear differently in following scenes. (由于许多AIGC应用程序只能根据用户的顺序生成随机的视频片段，因此AIGC电影制作面临的一个重大挑战是镜头的连续性。因此，在接下来的场景中，角色通常会以不同的方式出现。)”可知，使用AIGC制作电影的一个问题是场景之间缺乏连续性。故选B。 【10题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段“Song also highlighted the transformative impact of AI: “We are fortunate to live in the era of AL Now, the only limit to becoming a director is not the absence of a team, scenes or actors, but rather your own imagination.” (宋还强调了人工智能带来的transformative影响：“我们很幸运生活在人工智能时代。现在，成为导演的唯一限制不是缺少团队、场景或演员，而是你自己的想象力。”)”可知，AI对电影制作的影响是革命性的，即具有开创性的。A. Short- termed短期的；B. Negative否定的；C. Predictable可预测的；D. Ground- breaking开创性的。故选D。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是最后一段“Song also highlighted the transformative impact of AI: “We are fortunate to live in the era of AL Now, the only limit to becoming a director is not the absence of a team, scenes or actors, but rather your own imagination.” (宋还强调了人工智能带来的开创性的影响：“我们很幸运生活在人工智能时代。现在，成为导演的唯一限制不是缺少团队、场景或演员，而是你自己的想象力。”)”可知，文章主要讲述了AI在电影制作中的革命性作用。故选C。 （2） Over 8,300 million tons of plastic produced up to the end of 2023, 6, 300 million tons have been thrown away. Most of that plastic waste is still with us, buried in landfills or polluting the environment. Microplastics have been found in Antarctic sea ice, in the guts of animals that live in the deepest ocean and in drinking water around the world. But what if we could wave a magic stick and remove all plastics from our lives? It might seem like a good idea for the planet, but we’d soon find out how far plastic has spread to every aspect of our existence. In hospitals, the loss of plastic would be devastating. “Imagine trying to run a dialysis (透析) unit with no plastic,” says Sharon George, senior lecturer at Keele University in the UK. Plastic is used in gloves, tubing, blood bags, sample tubes and more. Some everyday plastic items are also important for protecting health. Face masks, including plastic-based surgical masks and respirators (人工呼吸器), as well as reusable cloth masks, have helped slow the spread of virus. Our food system would also quickly come apart. We use packaging to protect food from damage in transit and preserve it long enough to reach supermarket shelves, as well as for communication and marketing. “I cannot imagine how plastic would be replaced completely in our system,” says Eleni, a lecturer in environmental management at Brunel University London. Swapping out plastic packaging would have a series of environmental effects. While glass has some advantages over plastic, such as being endlessly recyclable, a one- liter glass bottle can weigh as much as 800g compared to a 40g plastic one. When those heavier bottles and jars need to be transported over long distances, carbon emissions grow even more. It’s clear that replacing one material with another won't solve all our plastic problems. 12. What happens to most of the plastic waste thrown away in paragraph 1? A. It is stored in certain facilities. B. It is recycled into new products. C. It is transformed into microplastics. D. It is buried in landfills or pollutes the environment. 13. What can be interred from paragraph 3?. A. Plastic plays a significant role in hospital. B. Hospitals prefer using cloth masks to plastic masks. C. Hospitals can function well without plastic materials. D. Plastic masks have little impact on slowing the spread of viruses. 14. What is Eleni’s attitude towards completely removing plastic from the food system? A. Supportive. B. Optimistic. C. Doubtful. D. Indifferent. 15. What makes the best title for the passage? A. What if we stopped using plastic? B. Swapping out plastic for sustainable living. C. More recycling won’t solve plastic pollution. D. Is plastic packaging bad for the environment? 【答案】12. D 13. A 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章从塑料在医疗应用、维持健康、食品体系等方面的广泛运用，以及清除塑料带来的糟糕的连锁反应方面，谈论了停止使用塑料的后果。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第一段“Most of that plastic waste is still with us, buried in landfills or polluting the environment.(大部分塑料垃圾仍然留在我们身边，埋在垃圾填埋场或污染环境。)”可知，大部分被丢弃的塑料垃圾被埋在垃圾填埋场或污染环境。故选D项。 13题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第三段“In hospitals, the loss of plastic would be devastating.(在医院里，塑料的缺失将是毁灭性的。)”和“Some everyday plastic items are also important for protecting health. Face masks, including plastic-based surgical masks and respirators(人工呼吸器), as well as reusable cloth masks, have helped slow the spread of virus.(一些日常塑料制品对保护健康也很重要。口罩，包括塑料外科口罩和呼吸器，以及可重复使用的布口罩，有助于减缓病毒的传播。)”可推知，塑料在医院中起着重要作用。故选A项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第四段中Eleni Iacovidou所说的话“I cannot imagine how plastic would be replaced completely in our system,(我无法想象塑料将如何在我们的系统中被完全取代，)”可知，塑料在食品体系中至关重要，如果被取代是无法想象的。由此推知，Eleni对于取代食品体系中的塑料是持怀疑态度的。故选C项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“But what if we could wave a magic stick and remove all plastics from our lives? It might seem like a good idea for the planet, but we’d soon find out how far plastic has spread to every aspect of our existence.(但如果我们能挥动魔杖，从我们的生活中清除所有塑料呢？为了地球，这将是一个诱人的前景，但我们很快就会发现塑料已经蔓延到我们存在的各个方面。)”并通读全文可知，虽然塑料造成了很多问题，但是停止使用塑料是难以想象的。文章从塑料在医疗应用、维持健康、食品体系等方面的广泛运用，以及清除塑料带来的糟糕的连锁反应方面，介绍了停止使用塑料的后果。因此，A项What if we stopped using plastic?(如果我们停止使用塑料会怎么样？)可概括文章大意，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 （十一） （23-24高一下·四川资阳市·期末统考） （1） According to the United Nations, there’s plastic litter at the bottom of the ocean and on top of Mount Everest. Now plastic has been found in another unlikely place: on the backs of hermit crabs (寄居蟹). According to a study released in February, 2024, hermit crabs are using plastic litter as shells (外壳). Zuzanna Jagiello, a biologist at the University of Warsaw, in Poland, is the study’s lead author. She said, “They don’t have homes, so they use rubbish.” Jagiello studies the Anthropocene age. That’s the age we’re in now. Scientists consider it as the period in which human activity has had a major impact on the environment. Hermit crabs’ using plastic waste as shells is one example of that impact. Hermit crabs are small, soft-bodied crabs that live near oceans. To protect themselves from enemies, in general, they wear seashells that have been left behind by dead sea snails (海螺). But according to February’s study, at least 386 hermit crabs have been documented wearing rubbish. Of the world’s 16 species of hermit crabs that live on land, 10 have been seen wearing rubbish. Nearly nine out of every 10 of those crabs were wearing plastic waste, such as bottle caps. Scientists aren’t sure why hermit crabs are choosing litter instead of snail shells. But they have theories. Some sea snail populations are declining. Hermit crabs could be turning to litter because they can’t find enough seashells. It’s also possible that crabs are opting for plastic because it’s light and easy to carry. Or they’re drawn to its flamboyant materials. Scientists agree that plastic pollution harms wildlife and their living places in many ways. But it isn’t clear that the crabs are in any danger. “It’s really an amazing example of the beauty of adaptation,” Jagiello says. “What are the long-term results of these adaptations? We don’t know.” 28. What do scientists think of hermit crabs’ using plastic waste as shells? A. They’re products of the environment. B. They don’t have to use their homes. C. They don’t have enough food to eat. D. They have ability to live alone. 29. What do we know about hermit crabs? A. Their population is becoming smaller. B. Their physical health is getting worse. C. They typically wear seashells not litter. D. They are moving out of the oceans. 30. What does the underlined word “flamboyant” in the last paragraph mean? A. Real. B. Colorful. C. Familiar. D. Expensive. 31. What’s the best title for the text? A. Less Plastic, More Creative Crabs B. The Anthropocene Age’s Crabs C. More Hermit Crabs, Less Polluted D. Hermit Crabs in Plastic Shells 【答案】28. A 29. C 30. B 31. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了寄居蟹将塑料垃圾作为外壳的现象，分析了这一现象产生的原因以及给人类的启示。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Scientists consider it as the period in which human activity has had a major impact on the environment. Hermit crabs’ using plastic waste as shells is one example of that impact.(科学家认为这是人类活动对环境产生重大影响的时期。寄居蟹用塑料垃圾做壳就是这种影响的一个例子)”可知，科学家认为寄居蟹用塑料垃圾做壳的行为是环境的产物。故选A。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Hermit crabs are small, soft-bodied crabs that live near oceans. To protect themselves from enemies, in general, they wear seashells that have been left behind by dead sea snails (海螺).(寄居蟹是一种生活在海洋附近的小型软体蟹。一般来说，为了保护自己免受敌人的攻击，它们会戴上死海螺留下的贝壳)”可知，寄居蟹通常戴着贝壳而不是垃圾。故选C。 【30题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“It’s also possible that crabs are opting for plastic because it’s light and easy to carry.(螃蟹选择塑料也有可能是因为塑料很轻，便于携带)”可知，上文说明了螃蟹被塑料吸引的原因，塑料轻便、便于携带，同时颜色丰富多彩，结合选项可知划线词意思是“多彩的”。故选B。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“According to a study released in February, 2024, hermit crabs are using plastic litter as shells (外壳).(根据2024年2月发布的一项研究，寄居蟹用塑料垃圾做壳)”结合文章主要说明了寄居蟹将塑料垃圾作为外壳的现象，分析了这一现象产生的原因以及给人类的启示。可知，D选项“塑料壳中的寄居蟹”最符合文章标题。故选D。 （2） A person’s IQ is a measurement of a person’s intelligence. It stands for intelligence quotient, the amount or degree of intelligence. IQ tests have been around since the beginning of the 20th century, although people have been trying to measure intelligence for much longer than that. French psychologist Alfred Binet was one of the first people to come up with what we know as the IQ test. In 1905, he was tasked with creating a tool for measuring which students in school were more likely to do poorly. A new law had been passed in France that made all children go to school. Education leaders wanted to know the children who were not as intelligent as the others. Binet developed a test that would consider two factors: a child’s chronological age (How old was he or she?) and a child’s mental age (Was the child thinking at, below, or above the level of other children his or her age?). He developed questions for specific age groups. If a child could answer questions that older children could answer, that child’s mental age was higher than his chronological age. If a different child could not answer questions that children his own age could answer, then that child’s mental age was lower than his chronological age. Binet did not believe his test fully measured a person’s intelligence. He felt intelligence was something you could not put a number on. He said more research needed to be done. Despite this, an American psychologist at Stanford University read Binet’s work and confidently developed the test further. It became known as the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales. This test became one of the most popular IQ tests of the 20th century. The test may be useful, but some people said that Alfred Binet was right: intelligence is more than just a number. 32. Why did Alfred Binet create the IQ test? A. To keep poor students out of school. B. To separate weak students from others. C. To measure students’ daily behaviour. D. To make laws for poor but clever students. 33. Which aspect of Binet’s IQ test is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Its results. B. Its subjects. C. Its methods. D. Its origins. 34. What was the attitude of the American psychologist mentioned to his own IQ test? A. Doubtful. B. Favorable. C. Unclear. D. Negative. 35. What’s the main purpose of the text? A. To provide some explorations of intelligence. B. To present a new intelligence measurement. C. To compare the measurements of intelligence. D. To list the benefits of applying intelligence fully. 【答案】32. B 33. C 34. B 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智商测试的起因、发展和后续影响。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“French psychologist Alfred Binet was one of the first people to come up with what we know as the IQ test. In 1905, he was tasked with creating a tool for measuring which students in school were more likely to do poorly. A new law had been passed in France that made all children go to school. Education leaders wanted to know the children who were not as intelligent as the others.(法国心理学家阿尔弗雷德·比奈是最早提出智商测试的人之一。1905年，他的任务是创建一种工具来衡量哪些学生在学校表现更差。法国通过了一项新法律，规定所有儿童都要上学。教育领导人想了解那些不如其他人聪明的孩子)”可知，阿尔弗雷德·比奈创造智商测试，是为了把差的学生和其他学生分开。故选B。 【33题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Binet developed a test that would consider two factors: a child’s chronological age (How old was he or she?) and a child’s mental age (Was the child thinking at, below, or above the level of other children his or her age?). He developed questions for specific age groups. If a child could answer questions that older children could answer, that child’s mental age was higher than his chronological age. If a different child could not answer questions that children his own age could answer, then that child’s mental age was lower than his chronological age.(比奈开发了一项测试，将考虑两个因素：孩子的实际年龄（他或她多大了？）和孩子的心理年龄（孩子的思维水平是否达到、低于或高于其他孩子的年龄水平？）。他提出了针对特定年龄组的问题。如果一个孩子能回答年龄较大的孩子能回答的问题，那么这个孩子的心理年龄就高于他实际年龄。如果另一个孩子不能回答与他同龄的孩子可以回答的问题，那么这个孩子的心理年龄低于他实际年龄)”可知，本段主要介绍了比奈智商测试的测试方法。故选C。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Despite this, an American psychologist at Stanford University read Binet’s work and confidently developed the test further. It became known as the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales.(尽管如此，斯坦福大学的一位美国心理学家阅读了比奈的研究，并自信地进一步发展了这项测试。它被称为斯坦福-比奈智力量表)”可推知，这位美国心理学家对自己的智商测试很自信，对其持有的态度是支持的。故选B。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“A person’s IQ is a measurement of a person’s intelligence. It stands for intelligence quotient, the amount or degree of intelligence.(一个人的智商是衡量一个人智力的标准。它代表智商，即智力的数量或程度)”、第二段“French psychologist Alfred Binet was one of the first people to come up with what we know as the IQ test.(法国心理学家阿尔弗雷德·比奈是最早提出智商测试的人之一)”以及第四段“Despite this, an American psychologist at Stanford University read Binet’s work and confidently developed the test further. It became known as the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales.(尽管如此，斯坦福大学的一位美国心理学家阅读了比奈的研究，并自信地进一步发展了这项测试。它被称为斯坦福-比奈智力量表)”可知，本文首先解释了IQ是什么，然后详细描述了阿尔弗雷德·比奈如何创建智商测试，以及后来它如何发展成为斯坦福-比奈智力量表，文章主要介绍了智商测试的起因、发展和后续影响。由此推知，文章的主要目的是提供一些关于智力的探讨。故选A。 （十二） （23-24高一下·四川遂宁市·期末统考） （1） According to the United Nations, there’s plastic litter at the bottom of the ocean and on top of Mount Everest. Now plastic has been found in another unlikely place: on the backs of hermit crabs (寄居蟹). According to a study released in February, 2024, hermit crabs are using plastic litter as shells (外壳). Zuzanna Jagiello, a biologist at the University of Warsaw, in Poland, is the study’s lead author. She said, “They don’t have homes, so they use rubbish.” Jagiello studies the Anthropocene age. That’s the age we’re in now. Scientists consider it as the period in which human activity has had a major impact on the environment. Hermit crabs’ using plastic waste as shells is one example of that impact. Hermit crabs are small soft-bodied crabs that live near oceans. To protect themselves from enemies, in general, they wear seashells that have been left behind by dead sea snails (海螺). But according to February’s study, at least 386 hermit crabs have been documented wearing rubbish. Of the world’s 16 species of hermit crabs that live on land, 10 have been seen wearing rubbish. Nearly nine out of every 10 of those crabs were wearing plastic waste, such as bottle caps. Scientists aren’t sure why hermit crabs are choosing litter instead of snail shells. But they have theories. Some sea snail populations are declining. Hermit crabs could be turning to litter because they can’t find enough seashells. It’s also possible that crabs are opting for plastic because it’s light and easy to carry. Or they’re drawn to its flamboyant materials. Scientists agree that plastic pollution harms wildlife and their living places in many ways. But it isn’t clear that the crabs are in any danger. “It’s really an amazing example of the beauty of adaptation,” Jagiello says. “What are the long-term results of these adaptations? We don’t know.” 28. What do scientists think of hermit crabs’ using plastic waste as shells? A. They’re products of the environment. B. They don’t have to use their homes. C. They don’t have enough food to eat. D. They have ability to live alone. 29. What do we know about hermit crabs? A. Their population is becoming smaller. B. Their physical health is getting worse. C. They typically wear seashells not litter. D. They are m$$