专题七 动词-【中考宝典】2025年中考英语（外研版，惠州专用）

第二部分 中考语法专题知识归纳 专题七 动词 知识导图 study. plan, want等 实义动词 be. do. have. will等 助动词 接表语,构成系表结构用法 动词+介词 break into, depend on等 be, keep. stay, seem等 表状态 loktafegl sel ste. 系动词 动词十副词+介词 add up to. run out of等 表感觉 分类 get, become. grow. turn等 表变化 动词+副词 break out. grow up等 can. may. must等 情态动词 动词 make room for, make use of, 动词短语 动词+名词+介词 take care of等 does 第三人称单数 动词十名词 do homework, make dinner等 ...... 原形do d过去式 ... Ain现在分 be proud of等 be different from. be十形容词+介词一 . done过去分词 中考考点解读 广东省卷近5年中考统计情况 考点 中考题型 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 听填信息 camping check 动词辨析 help, work, protect, encourage, draw, change, refuse 完形填空 think, accept see share hold take away ask for look for 动词词组 完形填空 wait for lead to call sb. name, set up, new clothes 固定搭配 短文填空 written/published drink/have tea to wear books 中考考向指引 ②命题点1动词的基本形式 动词的基本形式:原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。 类别 用法要求或变化规则 示例 1.位于助动词之后,如:do,does,did.will. Did vou have a good time yesterday? shall等 你昨天玩得开心吗? He can play the piano.他会弹钢琴。 2.位于情态动词之后,如:can,may,must. You must finish your homework on time. should. would, have to, needn't 等 你必须按时完成你的家庭作业。 中考宝典·英语(广东专用版 续表 类别 用法要求或变化规则 示例 Don't let her eat too much. 3.位于感官动词或使役动词之后,如:see, 不要让她吃得太多。 watch. hear, make. let, have 等 形 Let's go to play basketball with Jack 我们和杰克一块儿打篮球吧。 Tell your father to give up smoking 4.跟在to后面构成动词不定式,如:tocome 告诉你的父亲,让他戒烟。 在一般现在时里,当主语是第三人称单数时,动 1. play-plays:like-likes; speak-speaks 词要用第三人称单数形式。其变化规则如下: 2. teach-teaches; go-goes 川<数 1.一般动词在词尾加-s构成: fix-fixes: wash-washes 2. 以x,s,ch,sh和o结尾的动词,在词尾加-es; 3. study-studies; fly-flies 3.以辅音字母加-y结尾的动词,先改y为i后, carry-carries: cry-cries 再加-es; 注意:以元音字母加y结尾的,直接加-s。 4. 不规则形式:have-has.be-is 如:buys, says,plays, obeys 等 现在分词与be动词构成进行时态,其变化规则 如下: 1. look-looking:listen-listening 1.一般动词直接在词尾加-ing 2. come-coming; write-writing 用拙 2.以不发音的字母e结尾的,去e再加-ing 注意:see-seeing;agree-agreeing 3.以重读闭音节结尾的动词,先双写末尾的辅 3. put-putting; stop-stopping 音字母,再加-ing run-running: swim-swimming 4.以-ie为重读音节结尾的动词,改ie为y,再 4. lie-lying; die-dying;tie-tying 加-ing 过去式用在一般过去时里,规则动词变化如下: 1. work-worked: call-called; 1.一般动词在词尾加-ed; 过n clean-cleaned:look-looked 2.重读闭音节词,先双写末尾辅音字母,再加-ed; 2. stop-stopped: drop-dropped 3.以不发音字母e结尾的动词,加-d; 3. like-liked: smile-smiled 4.以辅音字母加-v结尾的,先改y为i,再加-ed 4. carry-carried: study-studied 过去分词用在现在完成时、过去完成时和被动 过去 1. do-done:beat-beaten 语态中,规则变化同过去式,不规则需查不规则 分词 2. rise-risen: throw-thrown 动词表 52 第二部分 中考语法专题知识归纳 ②命题点2 助动词 助动词就是协助主要动词构成谓语的动词。助动词本身没有词义,不可单独作谓语,只能和别的 动词一起构成谓语,表示时态、语态、语气等,或表示疑问或否定。常用的助动词有be,do,does,did. have.has, shall. will, would 等。 助动词的语法作用 He is singing.他在唱歌。 构成时态 He has arived. 他已经到了。 He said he would be here at eight o'clock. 他说他将在八点钟到达这里。 He was sent toEngland. 他被派往英国。 构成语态 Many more trees will be planted next year.明年将种更多的树。 Do you like college life?你喜欢大学生活吗? 构成疑问句 Shall I help you packyour things?我帮你打点行装好吗? What will the cities of the future look like?未来的城市会是什么样子呢? I don't likehim. 我不喜欢他。 构成否定句 They didn't go to the zoo yesterday. 他们昨天没去动物园。 构成倒装句 Never did I hear of such a thing.我从未听说过这样的事情。 用来代替动词 He works harder than you do.他比你工作努力些。(do代替work) 加强语气 I doloveyou,我真的喜欢你。 对点l练. )1.【2024·河北保定一模】Here isTony's habit:He the class notes before sleeping. C. has reviewed A. reviewed B. reviews D. was reviewing __ )2. 【2024·安徽】-Excuse me, may I use your dictionary? I mine behind. -Sure. Here you are. A.leave B. have left C.willleave D. was leaving _ )3.【2023·云南】-Where is your brother? -Look! He basketball on the playground. A.plays C.is playing B. played D. was playing 4. 【2024·重庆】She visited her grandparents last Sunday.(改为否定句) She her grandparents last Sunday. ②命题点3情态动词 情态动词本身有一定含义,但不能单独作谓语,要和行为动词一起构成谓语。它们也能表明句子 的否定、疑问或时态上的区别。常见的情态动词:can,may,must,need,should等。具体用法见下表; 中考宝典·英语(广东专用版) 用法 种类 例句 1. Rose can speak now,but she couldn't a week ago 1.表示“能够”,can用于一般现在 Rose现在能说话了,但一周前她还不能说话。 时,could用于一般过去时; 2. She could/was able to eat four pieces of bread when she 表能力 2. beableto也表示能力,表示做 wasyoung.当她年轻时,她能吃四片面包。 事的能力时可与can通用,但be They will be able to finish the work soon. able to可用于任何时态 他们能很快完成工作。 can(could)在疑问句中与第二人 -Could you lend me your pen? 称连用时,表示征求对方意见或提 表请求 你能把你的笔借我用下吗? 出请求,表示委婉语气。could比 -Yes, Here you are. can语气更加委婉客气,没有时间 可以,给你。 上的差别 1. -May/Could I borrow your book? 1. may/might.can/could表示许可 我能借你的书吗? 时,常可互换,只是might.could -Yes,you may/can.一是的,你能。 表许可 语气比较委婉。 2.-May I take the book out of the room? 2.May I...? 的否定回答用No,you 我可以把书带出房间吗? can't. 或者No, you mustn't -No, you can't. /No, you mustn't. 不,你不能。/不,你禁止带出。 1. You must/have to finish the work. 你必须/不得不完成工作。 must和haveto一般情况下可互 I must have a talk with him. 换,但有以下区别: 我必须和他谈一下。 1.must表示说话人的主观看法; He has to stay here because it's raining. haveto表客观需要 因为正在下雨,他不得不待在这里。 表必须、2.否定式mustn't表示禁止,意为 2. You mustn't copy others' homework. 必要 “不准;不可以做”;而don'thave 你禁止抄袭别人的作业。 to意为“不必”; You don't have to explain it to me if you dislike the job. 3. Must I..?的否定回答用No, 假如你不喜欢这份工作,你没必要向我解释。 you needn't. 或 者No, you don't 3.-Must I hand in my homework now? have to. 我现在必须交作业吗? -No, you needn't. /No. you don't have to 不,你不需要。/不,你不必这么做。 54 第二部分 中考语法专题知识归纳 续表 用法 种类 例句 1. The photo must be Lu's. Those are his parents 1.must表示有把握的推测,只用于 这照片一定是陆的,那是他的父母。 肯定句,不能用于否定句或疑问 2. I can't find my backpack. It might/may/could be still at 句; school. 表推测 2. could.may,might表示把握不大 我找不到我的背包,它可能仍然在学校。 的推测,用于肯定句; 3. The red bicvcle can't be Lucy's. She has a blue bicvcle. 3.can用于否定句,表示“没有可 那辆红色的自行车不可能是露西的。她有一辆蓝色的 能”,用can't 自行车。 1.need作情态动词时,多用于否定 1. They needn't go to work that day. need 或疑问结构,一般不用于肯定 那天他们不必去上班。 的双重 句,表示“必要”; 2. They didn't need to work that day. 身份 2.need用作一般实义动词,根据 那天他们不需要去上班。 需要作动词的变形 3. Do you need any help?你需要帮助吗? 对点训ll练2. -_ )1. 【2o24· 泸州】-Rebecca. have you decided what to do this Saturday? -Not yet. I volunteer at the old people's home A. may B. must C. should D. would )2.【2024·天津】It be the only way to solve the problem. There are other choices. B. mustn't C.need A. may not D. should __ )3.【2024·扬州二模】Protect your eyesight. Don't wait until you .see a thing. C. can't A.needn't B. mustn't D. shouldn't ,_ )4. 【2024· 青岛一模】-Look at the sign on my coat. Do you know what it means? -Yes. It says this coat be washed by hand A. mustn't B. needn't C.must D.can Hand wash only _ )5.【2024· 龙东】-Must I answer this question in English? -No,you B. needn't A. mustn't C. can't D. must )6.【2024· 无锡】 Shh...!This is a library. You keep your voice down. B.can't C. should A.can D. shouldn't )7.【2024·白银】-You be very tired after finishing all of those hard jobs -Yes. I'll take a deep rest and make mvself comfortable B. may not C. must A. may D. can't 55 □中考宝典·英语(广东专用版) ②命题点4连系动词 连系动词有一定意义,它们要与其后作表语的形容词、名词或介词(短语)一起构成合成谓语。常 见的连系动词如下: 分类 常用词 例句 be(是),look(看起来),seem He isagood father.他是一位好父亲。 1.表示主语的状态、 (似乎),feel(感觉),smell(闻 She looks younger than before. 特征和身份等 起来),taste(尝起来),sound (听起来) 她看起来比以前年轻。 2.表示主语从一种 Everyone willgrow old.每个人都会变老。 turn(转变),become(成为),get 状态到另一种状 After a few years, the things got worse and (变得;成为),grow(变得;成 态,但侧重于转变 worse. 为),go(变为) 后的结果 几年后,事情变得越来越糟糕。 The old man stays calm. 3.表示主语保持某 keep(保持),remain(仍旧),stay 老人保持平静。 种身份、特征或状 (保持) Keep quiet while you're going around 态不变 当你参观时,要保持安静。 对点ll练3. )1.【2024·广西】-What do you think of the chicken soup, Helen? -It really good. I'd like to drink more. B. feels C. sounds A. tastes D. looks _ )2. 【2023·丹东】-Dad,what are you cooking?It so good. -The main dish for our dinner, You will like it C. sounds B. smells A.gets D. tastes ②命题点5行为动词 行为动词又称实义动词,它们都含有实际的意义,表示动作或状态,可在句中独立作谓语。行为动 词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。用法如下: 分类 用法及例句 1.单宾语动词:即只可接一个宾语的动词,如:accept接受;discover发现;enjoy享受;forget忘 记:borrow借入:buy买;catch抓;invent发明;found建造;like喜欢;find寻找;forget忘记 receive接受;see看见;say说:show展示;make做;tell告诉。 I'm sorry that I forgot your address.对不起,我忘了你的地址。 2.双宾语动词:即后接间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)的动词,如:give给;buy买;pay付 款;hand递;read读;return返还;sell卖。 I amgoing to return him the books tomorrow afternoon. 我明天下午要把书还给他。 56 第二部分 中考语法专题知识归纳 续表 分类 用法及例句 3.接复合宾语的动词:后接宾语和宾补的动词,如:believe相信;find发现;hear听见,听说;keep 保持;make使得;see看见 They kept him waiting at the door for twenty minutes.他们让他在门口等了20分钟。 r过 4.接动名词作宾语的动词,如:advise建议;consider考虑;finish完成;imagine想象;practise练 习:suggest建议。 She practises plaving the piano every day.她每天都练习弹钢琴。 5.接不定式作宾语的动词,如:agree同意;decide决定,下决心;hope希望;refuse拒绝;manag 设法做成。 Bill refused to take responsibility for the accident.比尔拒绝对那次事故负责任。 不能直接跟宾语。但如果有些不及物动词要带宾语时,先加介词后加宾语。如: He is waiting for you at the gate.他在门口等着你。 K衔 【知识拓展】 常见的不及物动词:ache疼痛;appear出现;arise出现,上升,起立;arrive到达;belong属于;care 关心;come来;cough咳嗽;cry哭;die死亡;disappear消失;exist存在,生存;faint昏倒,变得微 弱;fall落下;flow流动;go去;happen发生;laugh笑;lie躺;listen听;live生活,居住;look看; occur发生;rise上升,起立;sit坐;smile微笑;swim游泳 对点|ll练4: )1.【2024·四川泸州】When you Mamianqun (horse-face skirt), you will sense the beauty of China's traditional clothing. B. get on A. turn on C. put on D. dependon _ )2.【2024·江苏南通一模】-I have had a bad cough these days -I strongly you to give up smoking. It does great harm to your health. A.invite B. advise C. follow D. allow __ )3.【2024·天津】We the books to the library after we read them C. waved A. returned B. pointed D. caught ,_ )4.【2023·辽宁抚顺】Linda likesto pens and she has had all kinds of pens so far. B. throw C.lose A. collect D. give )5. 【2o24· 南京一模】With a broad knowledge of Chinese and history,he always t express his opinions using ancient Chinese savings. A. refuses B. manages C.fails D. warns 图命题点6动词短语 由两个或两个以上的单词构成一个短语,具有动词的意义和功能,这样的短语叫动词短语,相当于 一个动词。如:run out, care about, put off, come up with, lose weight, take care of, keep in touch,be proud of.besurprisedat等。常见的构成方式如下: 中考宝典·英语(广东专用版) 构成方式 常见短语 give a concert开音乐会,give a test进行测试,have a rest休息,have a picnic野餐,have 动词+冠词+ 名词 a try试一试,keepa record保持纪录,leaveamessage留言,makea face做鬼脸,make a living谋生,make a speech进行演讲,take a risk冒险 catchfire着火,makerepairs维修,playsports做运动,take action采取行动,take 动词+名词 measures采取措施,take place发生/举行 catch hold of 抓住.make contributions to对......做贡献,make room for给......腾地方,make 动词+名词+ use of 利用,pay attention to 注意,make contact with和.....接触/联系,take pride in以..... 介词 为自豪 动词+介词+ come into use开始使用,get into trouble陷入麻烦,play with fire玩火/冒险,wait in lin 名词 排队等候 动词+宾语+ bring...to mind使想起. put...into use 应用. take...for example 以......为例 介词+名词 add up to合计达,break away from脱离,come up with想出/提出,catch up with赶上/ 动词+副词+ 追上,go ahead with开始/着手,go along with一起去,hold on to坚持,keep away from 介词 远离.lookdownupon瞧不起/轻视,run out of用完 对点ll练5.. ,_→_ )1.【2024·临夏州】We are supposed to the lights when we leave the room. B. turn up C. turn off A. turn down D. turn on )2.【2024·乐山】-I ( Mike on Monday. He invited us to visit his hometown in his letter -Do we accept his invitation? We haven't met him for 3 years. A. heard from B. came from C. suffered from D. took from ,_ )3. 【2o23· 十堰】My friend promised to come to my birthday party. However, he didn't in the end. C. show up B. cut up A. give up D. pick up _ )4. 【2024· 扬州】Many think SOS is short for"save our ship",but it doesn't really anything. C. payfor A. look for B. stand for D. tryfor ,_ )5. 【2o23· 鄂州】-How was your camping in Sifeng Mountain last weekend? -It was great. We our tents on the top of the mountain and enjoved ourselves A. put up C. put on B. put off D. put away )6. 【2o24· 安徽】There can be some trouble at the beginning,but things will well in the end. A.break up B. give up C. set out D. turn out 58 第二部分 中考语法专题知识归纳 中考备考精练 一、语法选择(话题:文化传承) 主题 语篇类型 建议用时 实际用时 准确率 人与社会 记叙文 6 mins 请通读下面短文,掌握其大意,根据语法和上下文连贯的要求,从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一 个最佳答案。 Fan Shenghua, 59, is one of the inheritors (传承人) of the Longjing tea roasting technique (炒茶技 术). We can know about 1 his job is from his hands-they are thick and full of calluses(手茧) “Roasting tea leaves is 2 part of the tea making process. You have to touch the leaves with your hands 3 how much water should be removed(去除),"Fan said. This traditional technique not only makes sure the quality of the tea, but also is 4 important part of Chinese tea culture. “Longjing tea leaves are known 5 their color, taste and shape. Only by hand can we make 6 better. It's like making a work of art." Fan said Modern technology can save more time and energy. It 7 more and more popular now. “It's easier. 8 the quality is not so good,"Fan said. When President Xi Jinping visited Hangzhou this year, he watched Fan roasting tea leaves 9. President Xi later said. "Longjing tea 10 by two hands and it greatly ensures the quality of the tea. I will never be replaced by modern technology. It's our traditional culture. We need to pass it on." )1.A.who B. what 1__ C.when )2.A. difficult B. more difficult C. the most difficul )3.A.feel B. feeling ,-_ C.to feel )4.A.a t,1_ B.an C. the )5.A.for B.with (1_ C.of B. them )6.A.they 1_ C. their B. become )7.A. becomes __ C. became )8.A.and B.or ,_ C. but ,_ )9.A.care B. careful C. carefully )10.A.make B. is made ,__ C.made .59 中考宝典·英语(广东专用版) 二、短文填空(话题:信封的历史) 主题 语篇类型 建议用时 实际用时 准确率 人与社会 说明文 7mins 请从方框内选择适当的词,并根据需要用其正确形式填空,使文章语法正确、完整连贯。注意:每 空一词,每词仅用一次,有两词为多余项。 must billion tradition Britain could become long one from add what complete w输0人6366下 Letters play an important role in history. When we write a letter, it is common for us to use an envelope to protect the letter. But do you know the history of the envelope? In fact, the history of the envelope is probably a little 1. than you think. It is believed that the envelope 2. appeared over 4, 000 years ago. However, the early envelope was nothing like 3. we use today. It was made 4. clay and looked like a ball. After the message was put into it, more clay would be 5. to the"envelope" to make the message safe. To read the message, one had to break the clay envelope. The idea for the stamp was introduced for the first time in 1837. It was invented by a 6. businessman. The early paper envelopes looked very simple. They were simply pieces of paper that would be wrapped(包襄) around the letter. Then official paper envelopes were created in 1837. At first, the envelope was made7. by hand, which took a lot of time and effort. Later the envelope producing process improved greatly. Russel Hawes invented an automatic (自动的) envelope in the 185Os. The machine8. produce about 12, 5oo envelops at that time every day. Since then, emails and text messages have 9. more popular than handwritten letters. However,10. of envelopes are still used around the world every year 60新课标中考宝典·英语(广东专用版 二、1.in 2. poor 3. mind 【对点训练5】1-2 BA 4. job 5. However 6. acted 【中考备考精练】 8.1 9. and 一、1-5 AACBC 7. spent 6-10 ACBCB 二、1. much 10. What 2. time 3. Suddenly 专题七 5. because 动词 4. her 6. way 7. dangerous 8. appeared 【对点训练1】1-3 BBC 4. didn't visit 9. guide 6-7 CC 【对点训练2】1-5 AACCB 10. through 【对点训练3】1-2 AB 专题十一 句子的种类 【对点训练4】1-5 CBAAB 【对点训练1】1. didn't read 2. hasn't; yet 【对点训练5】1-6 CACBAD 3. doesn't finish 4. hasn't finished 【中考备考精练】 【对点训练2】1. B 2. How can 3. When did 一、1-5 BCCBA 6-10 BACCB 4. Does: take 5. Did: use 二、1. longer 2. first 3. what 【对点训练3】1-4 ABBC 5. How long 6. How soon 4. from 5. added 6. British 【对点训练4】1-4 CBCA 7. completely 8. could 9. become 5. How interesting 6. How well 10. billions 【中考备考精练】 6-10 一、1-5 CAACA 动词的时态 专题八 BCCAB 二.1. you 2. because 【对点训练1】1-3 CAA 4. goes 5. believe 6. helps 3. special 4. helps 5. more 【对点训练2】1-3 ACC 4. are using 6. feel 7. often 8. into 【对点训练3】1-4 ADDD 5. will be 9. pens 【对点训练4】1-2 BC 3. used 4. started 5. planned 10. what 【对点训练5】1-4 BDCC 5. was considering 专题十二 主谓一致 【对点训练6】1-5 ADBDD 6. has grown 【对点训练1】1-4 BDDA 【中考备考精练】 【对点训练2】1-3 CCB 4. are 一、1-5 BACBC 6-10 BAAAB 【对点训练3】1-3 ADA 二、1.set 2.as 3. successful 【对点训练4】1-2 BA 3.are 4.is 4. factories 5. listed 6. However 【中考备考精练】 7. an 8.my 9. greatly 一.1-5 CBBAC 6-10 BACCB 二.1.also 10. achieve 2. strong 3. communicate 专题九 4. main 5.by 动词的语态 6.or 8.its 7. uses 【对点训练1】1-4 BCCB 9. trunk 【对点训练2】1-4 DDCA 10. warmly 专题十三 【对点训练3】1-4 DAAD 5. leamed 宾语从句 【中考备考精练】 【对点训练1】1-6 ACDCAB 一、1-5 BCBCC 6-10 AABAC 【对点训练2】1-6 DCCABA 2. millions 3. difference 【对点训练3】1-5 CBCBC 二、1. happened 6-7 BA 4. that 5.up 6. harmful 【中考备考精练】 9. reminds 7. we 8. and 一.1-5 CBACB 6-10 BCACA 二.1. heroes 2. dangerous 10. rmole 3. because 专题十 5. for 4. began 非谓语动词 6. used 7.a 8. their 【对点训练1】1-3 BBD 9. better 4. to improve 5. To produce 6. to try 7. to take off 10. how 专题十四 【对点训练2】1. C 2. to help 3. tell 4. laugh 定语从句 5. to spread 6.(to) keep healthy 【对点训练1】1-5 BACBD 【对点训练3】1. when to 2. B 3. to solve 4. to do 【对点训练2】1-4 BABD 【对点训练4】1.A 2. writing 3. receiving 4. reading 【中考备考精练】 5. making 一、1-5 ACACB 6-10 BCBAC