专题04 动词的时态和语态【考点串讲+强化练习】-2024-2025学年高二年级英语下学期期末考点大串讲（人教版2019）

动词时态和语态 目 录 CONTENT 动词时态概述 2 3 3 1 5 动词语态概述 高考真题演练 目 录 CONTENT 动词时态概述 3 1 5 考点一 一般现在时/一般过去时/一般将来时 1.一般现在时(动词用原形或第三人称单数) 用法 一般现在时的5种用法 •表示主语现在的状态、情况 •表示现在经常性的、习惯性的、反复发生的动作 •表示客观事实或普遍真理 •表示按时间表、规定、计划或安排将要发生的动作 •在时间、条件及让步状语从句中代替一般将来时 ①My teacher lives in the village. 我的老师住在村里。 ②In the evening, I often do some reading. 我晚上总是看书。 ③Light travels much faster than sound. 光速比声速快得多。 ④Hurry up! The train leaves at 10. 快点！ 火车10点开。 如果他来了，他会告诉我所有的事情。 用法 动词单数第三人称词尾­s的加法 一般情况(包括“元音字母＋y”结尾的词) 在词尾加­s ·run—runs·live—lives ·play—plays 以ch, sh, s, z, x或o结尾的词 在词尾加­es ·teach—teaches ·fix—fixes ·finish—finishes 以辅音字母＋y结尾的词 减去y，加上­ies ·try—tries ·fly—flies ·worry—worries 2．一般过去时(动词用过去式) 用法 一般过去时的3种用法 •确定的过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态 •过去经常或反复发生的动作 •过去时间内一次完成的具有先后顺序的动作 ①I don't know how the universe came into being. 我不知道宇宙是如何形成的。 我们总是在傍晚时分停下来扎营。 ③He felt very tired when he got home, and he went straight to bed. 他到家时很累，直接上床睡觉了。 用法 动词的过去式和过去分词的构成 一般情况(包括“元音字母＋y”结尾的动词) 加­ed ·delay—delayed ·call—called 以e结尾 加­d ·agree—agreed·hate—hated 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾 去掉y，加上­ied ·cry—cried ·try—tried ·carry—carried ·worry—worried “一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母”结尾，又是重读闭音节时 最后一个辅音字母双写，再加上­ed ·beg—begged ·stop—stopped 3.一般将来时 用法 　 　 •will do/shall do (主语第一人称) ①表示将来的动作或状态 ②表示一种趋向或习惯性动作 ③临时决定做某事 •be going to do 按计划要做或有迹象表明要做 注意：would do 过去某个时间将要发生的动作 ①Next month we will have our school open day. 下个月我们将迎来学校开放日。 ②We'll die without air or water. 没有空气和水我们将无法生存。 ③Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 看那乌云，要下雨了。(根据乌云迹象预测要下雨) 考点二 现在进行时/过去进行时/将来进行时/现在完成进行时 动词现在分词的构成：现在分词由动词原形在词尾加上­ing构成 一般情况 加­ing ·catch—catching ·drink—drinking · carry—carrying 以不发音的e结尾 去掉e，加上­ing ·come—coming ·make—making ·take—taking “一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母”结尾，且又是重读音节时 将词尾辅音字母双写，再加上­ing ·hit—hitting ·plan—planning ·begin—beginning 特殊点 几个特殊变化的动词 ·die—dying ·tie—tying ·lie—lying · panic—panicking 1．现在进行时(am/is/are＋现在分词) •说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态，或现阶段正在进行的动作 •表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作 •与always, constantly 连用，表示反复的动作(含有赞扬或批评责备的感情色彩) ①We are living a happy life. 我们过着幸福的生活。 ②He is flying to Paris next weekend. 他下周末飞往巴黎。 ③You're always doing a good job. 你们总是做得很好。 2．过去进行时(was/were＋现在分词) •过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作，常与then, at that time连用 •表示过去按计划、安排要做的事 •与always, frequently连用，表示重复的动作 ①He was having a meeting at 8 yesterday. 他昨天8点在开会。 ②We were leaving very early so we packed the night before. 我们将很早动身，所以我们前一天晚上收拾行李。 ③He was always leaving things about. 他过去总是乱扔东西。 3．将来进行时(will be＋现在分词) •将来某个时间或某一时间段正在进行的动作 —Could I use your car tomorrow morning? —Sure. I will be writing a report at home. ——我明天上午能用你的车吗？ ——可以。我将在家里写一篇报告。 4．现在完成进行时(have/has been＋现在分词) •表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在并且还要继续下去的动作 •表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作 •常与all days, all the week, all the morning, over the past years 等时间状语连用 ①I have been swimming for half an hour. I'll do it for another ten minutes. 我游泳半小时了，我再游十分钟。 ②The girl has a great interest in sport and has been taking badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. 女孩热衷于运动，过去三年每周两次上网球课。 考点三　现在完成时/过去完成时/将来完成时 1.现在完成时(have/has＋过去分词) •过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成了影响或结果 •过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与“since＋时间点”或“for＋时间段”，so far, by now, in the past/last＋“时间段”连用 •固定句型：It's the first/second ... time that从句(主＋have/has done) ①When I first met Bryan I didn't like him, but I have changed my mind. 我第一次见布莱恩，我不喜欢他，但是我已经改变了看法。 ②This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family. 这是我们全家第一次一起看电影。 2．过去完成时(had＋过去分词) •过去的过去已经发生或完成的动作或状态 •表示过去未曾实现的打算或愿望，常用于该用法的动词：hope, mean, plan, intend, expect等 •固定句型：It was the first ... time that 从句(主＋had done) •在“no sooner ... than ...”或“hardly/scarcely ... when ...”结构中，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时 ①He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he had had it for a very long time. 卖了吉他，他很不高兴。毕竟，他拥有它已经很长时间了。 ②I had expected her to confess that she only wrote these books for the money. 我曾期望她承认写这些书仅仅是为了钱。 ③It was the first time they had ever met. 这是他们初次见面。 ④Hardly had I arrived at the classroom when it began to rain. 我一走进教室就开始下雨了。 3．将来完成时(will have＋过去分词) •主要表示某一动作到将来某个时间完成，上下文情景中常含有by的短语，如by six o'clock, by the weekend, by the end of next month等 By the time he is 15 years old, he will have finished the middle school. 到15岁的时候，他将已经上完了初中。 考点四 过去将来时 •从过去某一时间看将要发生的事情 •过去本打算做而未做的事情 •某些表示起止或转移的动词，常用过去进行时表示过去将来时 ①He said he would be here at eight o'clock.他说他将在8点钟到这里。 ②I was going to go to the party, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.我本打算要参加聚会，但是我突然记起来我有作业要做。 ③He told me he was leaving in an hour.他告诉我他计划一个小时后离开。 目 录 CONTENT 2 3 5 动词语态概述 考点五 被动语态 1.被动语态构成(基本公式：be＋过去分词) 时态种类 构成公式及构成方法 一般时态 be (am/is/are, was/were, will/shall＋be)＋过去分词 进行时态 be (am/is/are, was/were)＋being＋过去分词 把“be＋过去分词”中的be变为进行时(be＋being)，其后的过去分词不变 完成时态 have (has/had)＋been＋过去分词 把“be＋过去分词”中的be变为完成时(have been)，其后的过去分词不变 过去将来时 would＋be＋过去分词 2.注意主动形式表示被动意义的两种情况 •不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词是：cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等 ①These books sell well. 这些书好卖。 ②The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写起来流畅。 ③The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。 •一些系动词的主动式＋形容词。常见动词是：look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等 ①The apples taste good.苹果很好吃。 ②Cotton feels soft.棉花摸起来很软。 目 录 CONTENT 高考真题演练 3 3 5 [高考真题演练] 1．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)As a little girl, I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 详解：wished　根据空前的“As a little girl”和空后的“when I grew up”可知，空处讲的是作者小时候的愿望，故应用一般过去时。 2．(2023·全国乙卷)The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 详解：means　此处描述客观事实，且空后的宾语从句中使用的是现在时，故此处也应用一般现在时；句子的主语为“The remarkable development of this city”，谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填means。 3．(2023·浙江1月高考)In the Ming Dynasty ...The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often________ (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars (柱子)． 详解：featured　根据上文可知，该句描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，所以空处填featured。 [高考真题演练] 1．(2022·全国甲卷)In the last five years, Cao (walk) through 34 countries in six continents ... 详解：has walked　分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语。根据空前的时间状语“In the last five years”可知，句子应用现在完成时，且主语Cao表示单数意义，与walk之间为主动关系，故填has walked。 [高考真题演练] 1．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) Henry (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 详解：was fixing　此处是句型was/were doing sth.when ...(正在做某事，这时……)。主语是Henry，故填was fixing。 2．(2021·天津高考改编)Currently, about 35,000 works______ (display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything. 详解：are being displayed　根据“Currently(目前)”可知，应该用现在进行时；display与主语works之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动语态。 2．(2022·浙江1月高考)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics — many of them climate scientists —_________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 详解：have promised　根据时间状语从句“since the effort started two years ago”可知，此处应用现在完成时，又主语表示复数意义，故填have promised。 3．(2021·浙江6月高考)It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. 详解：has proved/has proven　根据后面的时间状语从句“since it opened to the public”可知，此处要用现在完成时。故填has proved/has proven。 4．(2020·浙江7月高考)By about 6000 BC, people (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise. 详解：had discovered　根据时间状语“By about 6000 BC(到大约公元前6000年为止)”可知，空格处的谓语动词需用过去完成时，表示到过去某个时间为止已经完成或发生的动作。 5．(2020·天津7月高考改编)The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and (remain) around that level ever since. 解析：has remained　句意：医学院的数量在20世纪90年代早期达到了18所，自那以来一直保持在这个数量左右。根据句中的时间状语ever since(自从……以来)可知，需用现在完成时，而句子主语是The number of medical schools，所以谓语用第三人称单数。 [高考真题演练] 1．(2023·浙江1月高考改编)In the Ming Dynasty, citizens of higher social classes (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. 详解：were permitted　根据“In the Ming Dynasty”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，故应用一般过去时；citizens和permit之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；主语citizens是复数。所以空处填were permitted。 2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems ...” 详解：is designed　句子的主语The GPNP表示单数意义，其与提示动词design之间是逻辑上的动宾关系；且由前一句可知，此句在陈述事实，故应用一般现在时的被动语态。 3．(2022·浙江1月高考)Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like — frequently by plane — (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 详解：is viewed/has been viewed　空处为句子的谓语部分，句子主语为动名词短语“Travelling to ... and the like”，与view为被动关系，谓语动词应用单数；再结合语境可知，此处可表示现在的情况或已经发生过的对现在造成影响的动作，故填is viewed/has been viewed。 4．(2021·全国甲卷)It (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复)． 详解：was built　句子主语It与动词build之间是被动关系，要用被动语态；根据语境和句意可知，城墙是在过去修建的，故要用一般过去时的被动语态。 $$ 专题04 动词时态和语态练习 【高考真题】 2024年高考题 1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____61____ first time. 2.【2024全国甲卷】 They ____44____（be）part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 3.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】 “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. 4.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 5.【2024北京卷】On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man. 6.【2024北京卷】 My heart went out to him, and I ___20___ (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!” 7，【2024浙江1月卷】However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ____41____ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day. 8. 【2024浙江1月卷】If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____42____ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs ____43____ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 2023年高考题 1.【2023年全国乙卷】 ____46____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ____47____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. ...The ____49____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____50_____ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 2.【2023年全国乙卷】The color she choose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked just perfect. 3.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】 As a little girl, I ___45___ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 6.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】 As a little girl, I ___45___ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 7.【2023年全国甲卷】 Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____50____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 8.【2023年全国甲卷】I used to afraid of insects, but last Friday’ s biology class make a big change in me.... 9.【2023年全国甲卷】 In the evening, when I take the walk in the school garden, the singing of insects become more meaningful to me. 10.【2023年浙江1月卷】Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. 11.【2023年浙江1月卷】The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 60 (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). 12.【2023年北京卷】For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China ____16____(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 2022年高考题 1.【2022新高考I卷】The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously unprotected....After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP __________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. 2.【2022全国甲卷】In the last five years, Cao ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents 3.【2022全国乙卷】The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___________ (address) the opening ceremony. 4.【2022年浙江卷1月】Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ________（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 5.【2022年浙江卷1月】But Cobb and others ________ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ________（change） their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. ...On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics —many of them climate scientists __________ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 8.【2022年新高考2卷】Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ___43___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 9.【2022年北京卷】 Eventually, the man ____13____ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet! 10.【2022年北京卷】 This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ____16____ (have) no recognisable smell. 11.【2022年北京卷】The use of those plastics ____20____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04 动词时态和语态练习 【高考真题】 2024年高考题 1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____61____ first time. 60.【答案】walks 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 61.【答案】the 【解析】考查冠词。句意：亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。固定搭配：for the first time，意为“第一次”，符合句意。故填the。 2.【2024全国甲卷】 They ____44____（be）part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 【答案】were 【解析】考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 3.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】 “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. 38.【答案】were 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。 4.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 40.【答案】inspired 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。 41.【答案】was built 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 5.【2024北京卷】On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man. 【15题详解】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；name与主语John Tinniswood之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语John Tinniswood是单数，be动词使用was。故填was named。 6.【2024北京卷】 My heart went out to him, and I ___20___ (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!” 【20题详解】 考查时态。句意：我很同情他，然后朝他慢跑过去。句中and连接并列句，空处作后句谓语，根据句中went可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式jogged。故填jogged。 7，【2024浙江1月卷】However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ____41____ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day. 【41题详解】 考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。 8. 【2024浙江1月卷】If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____42____ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs ____43____ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 【42题详解】 考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。 【43题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。 2023年高考题 1.【2023年全国乙卷】 ____46____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ____47____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. ...The ____49____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____50_____ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 【46题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。 【47题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。 【49题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这个城市的显著发展，是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界，这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。 【50题详解】 考查时态。句意：这座城市的显著发展，在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界，意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“development”，单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。 2.【2023年全国乙卷】The color she choose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked just perfect. 3.考查时态。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是定语从句的谓语动词，由上文Last Friday可知，应用一般过去时。故choose改为chose。 4.考查定语从句。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故that改为whose。 3.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】 As a little girl, I ___45___ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 【45题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。 6.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】 As a little girl, I ___45___ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 【45题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。 7.【2023年全国甲卷】 Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____50____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 【50题详解】 考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。 8.【2023年全国甲卷】I used to afraid of insects, but last Friday’ s biology class make a big change in me.... 1.考查谓语动词。句意：我过去害怕昆虫，但是上星期五的生物课使我发生了很大的变化。表示“害怕……”短语为be afraid of，此处为used to do sth.。故to后添加be。 2.考查时态。句意：我过去害怕昆虫，但是上星期五的生物课使我发生了很大的变化。事情发生在上周五，故用一般过去时。故make改为made。 9.【2023年全国甲卷】 In the evening, when I take the walk in the school garden, the singing of insects become more meaningful to me. 9.考查冠词。句意：晚上，当我在学校的花园里散步时，昆虫的歌声对我来说变得更有意义。表示“散步”短语为take a walk。故the改为a。 10.考查主谓一致。句意：晚上，当我在学校的花园里散步时，昆虫的歌声对我来说变得更有意义。此处为一般现在时，主语为the singing of insects，谓语用三单形式。故become改为becomes。 10.【2023年浙江1月卷】Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. 【答案】were permitted 【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。 11.【2023年浙江1月卷】The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 60 (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). 【答案】featured 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院，通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填谓语动词，再结合上下文时态可知，空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。 12.【2023年北京卷】For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China ____16____(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 【答案】has established 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。 2022年高考题 1.【2022新高考I卷】The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously unprotected....After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP __________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. 答案：were 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。 答案：is designed 解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is designed。 2.【2022全国甲卷】In the last five years, Cao ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents 答案：has walked 解析：考查动词时态。句意：在过去五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。 3.【2022全国乙卷】The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___________ (address) the opening ceremony. 答案：addressed 解析：考查时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填addressed。 4.【2022年浙江卷1月】Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ________（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 答案：is viewed或has been viewed 解析：考查被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。 5.【2022年浙江卷1月】But Cobb and others ________ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ________（change） their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. ...On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics —many of them climate scientists __________ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 答案：are；changing 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。第一空：根据句意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填are。第二空：分析句子结构可知，此处and连接并列的动词questioning和change，故填changing。 答案：have promised 解析：考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。 8.【2022年新高考2卷】Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ___43___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 答案：42. was fixing 43. threw 【42题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。 【43题详解】 考查谓语动词过去式。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构，设空处与空后的and started构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词，意为“扔”，过去时为threw。故填threw。 9.【2022年北京卷】 Eventually, the man ____13____ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet! 考查动词时态。句意：最终，那个男人追上了她，他只是想把她的钱包还给她！结合句意空处应填谓语动词的形式，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填caught。 10.【2022年北京卷】 This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ____16____ (have) no recognisable smell. 考查主谓一致。句意：气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语，本句话是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称，为不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。 11.【2022年北京卷】The use of those plastics ____20____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 4.考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$