专题02 阅读理解必刷20篇（考题猜想）-2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末考点大串讲（外研版2019）

2024-2025学年高二英语下期期末考点大串讲（外研版2019） 专题02 阅读理解必刷20篇 阅读理解分类 文体分类 题型分类 应用文 细节理解题 记叙文 主旨归纳题 议论文、新闻报道 推理判断题 说明文 词义猜测题 Part1 应用文 Passage1 （2023-2024成都蓉城联考高二下期末） Perfectly situated on the Gulf of Mexico, in southwest Florida, Naples is well known and loved for not only its beautiful beaches and blue water, but also all of the family-friendly activities and outdoor fun. Here are the four best beaches in Naples. Delnor-Wiggins Pass State Park This grand state park offers breathtaking Gulf of Mexico views. It is also a home for an incredible diversity of wildlife including sea turtles and many different birds. If you have courage and a sense of wonder, you might even div e into the water and swim with dolphins! Visit early, especially in the busy tourist seasons, to avoid crowds and find a parking spot. Vanderbilt Beach Park It is perfect for little ones who love to play in the sand, build sandcastles, and cool off in the gentle waves. With easy access to many lovely hotels as well as shopping and restaurants, this beach is fun for bird watching, paddle boarding, and swimming. Free life jackets are available for little ones. The best time to visit, however, is sunset—arrive early to get a fantastic viewing spot. Clam Pass Beach It is family-friendly with three miles of sugary sand and calm water. The long boardwalk and nature trail(路线) are a bit of an effort to be sure, but most folks love the adventurous experience. It’s beautiful on either side of the raised wooden path and if you look closely, you can spot butterflies, coastal birds, and other wildlife hiding in the forests. Seashell hunters should arrive early for the best find. Keewaydin Island Beach Off the coast of Naples, Keewaydin Island can only be accessed by boat. From wild pigs to bobcats, white-tailed deer, tortoises, and iguanas, there’s much to see here on this island that is mostly undeveloped. The sightseeing boat tour leaves from Naples or Marco Island. It’s worth noting, however, that there are no public bathroom facilities. 1. What is Delnor-Wiggins Pass State Park famous for? A. Undeveloped islands. B. Family-friendly activities. C. Adventurous experiences. D. Diverse wildlife. 2. What do Vanderbilt Beach Park and Keewaydin Island Beach have in common? A. They have many hotels. B. They can only be reached by boat. C. They have free life jackets and public bathrooms. D. They provide visitors with the chance to see animals. 3. In which column would the text probably be found? A. Education. B. Destination. C. Environment. D. Entertainment. Passage2 （2023-2024雅安高二下期末） Here’re some fun holidays you may like. Square Root Day It’s celebrated on a day where the first two digits in the date are the square root of the last two digits. Only date formats (格式) that have the month and date first and the last two digits of the year last(mm/dd/yy, m/d/yy, dd/mm/yy or d/m/yy) can have Square Root Days. Ron Gordon, an American high school teacher, created this unofficial holiday. Yellow Pig Day July 17 is Yellow Pig Day. Despite its name, the day is not a celebration for pigs, but a celebration of the number 17. The unofficial holiday was created in the early 1960s by Princeton mathematics students, David Kelly and Michael Spivak, while working on the special properties of the number 17. e-Day e-Day celebrates the mathematical constant (常数) e, which has a value of 2.7182818. It is celebrated on February 7 in countries that follow the month/day (m/d) date format. This is because the first two digits of the date — 2/7 — correspond to the first two digits of the constant. Fibonacci Day This annual holiday is created to remember one of the most influential mathematicians of the Middle Ages — Leonardo Bonacci. It falls on November 23 because when the date is written in the mm/dd format (11/23), the digits in the date form a Fibonacci sequence: 1,1,2,3, which is a series of numbers where a number is the sum of the two numbers before it. For example: 1,1,2,3… is a Fibonacci sequence. Here, 2 is the sum of the two numbers before it (1+1). Similarly, 3 is the sum of the two numbers before it (1+2). 1. Which of the following is Square Root Day of 2025? A. On March 3 rd. B. On April 4th. C. On May 5th. D. On June 6th. 2. Which honors a famous person? A. Square Root Day. B. Fibonacci Day. C. Yellow Pig Day. D. e-Day. 3. What do the listed holidays have in common? A. They were created by the same person. B. They are celebrated every other year. C. They are recognized by authorities. D. They have much to do with math. Passage3 Planning a trip to the seaside this 2024? Are you looking for hotels near the beach? Then why not book one of our rooms and enjoy a relaxing stay with us? We can guarantee you a refreshing stay. So all you need to do is arrive and settle in. Pavilion Hotel Catalina Island 513 Crescent Ave, Avalon, CA 90704 Catalina Island is the perfect destination for a family holiday and Pavilion Hotel is a perfect spot on the island. Pavilion Hotel is only 14 steps from a Catalina beach and offers a big daily continental breakfast and a nightly wine and cheese hour free of charge. There is so much to do, such as biking, hiking, swimming, and boat tours. Venice Breeze Suites 2 Breeze Ave, Venice CA 90291 Venice Breeze Suites is a hotel right on the Venice Beach boardwalk that offers a fun atmosphere. The hotel is located in a classic oceanfront building in the heart of a bicycle-friendly urban beach community filled with unique places to go, such as the Venice Canals, Skate Park and Muscle Beach. Pacific Edge Hotel 647S Coast Hwy, Laguna Beach, CA 92651 There is no place quite like Laguna Beach for a perfect family vacation. Pacific Edge Hotel offers the comforts of home. The hotel’s facilities include lounge chairs, umbrellas, beach towels, two heated pools, and a ping-pong table. Malibu Beach Inn 22878 Pacific Coast Hwy, Malibu, CA90265 Located along the seashore nicknamed “Billionaire’s Beach”, Malibu Beach Inn offers you complete relaxation. Each of the 47 well- equipped rooms has a private balcony. You'll also be just steps away from Malibu Landmarks, high-end shops which offer fancy gifts and rough hiking trails leading to wild watersports and the beach. 1. What can you do in Pacific Edge Hotel? A. Taste free cheese. B. Play table tennis. C. Enjoy a big breakfast. D. Drink wine in the evening. 2. Which is the best place for those who want to buy souvenirs? A Venice Breeze Suites. B. Pacific Edge Hotel. C. Malibu Beach Inn. D. Pavilion Hotel. 3. What do the four hotels have in common? A. They are all near the beach. B. They are all bicycle-friendly. C. They all have a balcony for relaxation. D. They all provide water sports programs. Passage4 Traditional Chinese entertainment is lively and deeply rooted in the country’s rich cultural heritage. Here are four iconic acts that continue to thrill audiences worldwide: Lion Dance: The lion dance dates back at least 2,000 years to the Han Dynasty, featuring two performers in a brightly colored lion costume, symbolizing power, wisdom, and good fortune. It is a staple at celebrations like Chinese New Year, weddings, and corporate events, often used to honor special guests. Dragon Dance: Dating back to 180-230 AD, this performance involves 2 to 50 dancers parading a colorful dragon, sometimes up to 70 meters long. Accompanied by drums, cymbals, and gongs, the dragon symbolizes luck, dignity, and power. It is said that the dragon is tied to Yandi, a mythical tribal leader, making it a significant cultural symbol. Chinese Drumming: A high-impact stage show, Chinese drumming features large, ornate drums played by musicians in colorful costumes. With roots dating back nearly 4,000 years, drumming was historically used in celebrations and battles. Today, it remains a favorite at weddings, festivals, and national events. Face Changing (Bian Lian): An amazing act from Sichuan Opera, face-changing involves performers swiftly changing masks with a wave of the hand or fan. It is believed to date back 300 years. They say that the art form developed from a survival technique. People painted colourful designs on their faces to frighten wild animals. Other sources claim that BianLian is a Chinese version of Robin Hood, who stole from the rich and gave to the poor, would change his appearance when met with guards. Passed down through generations, it remains a closely guarded secret, traditionally taught only to males. Our top 4 traditional Chinese acts are just the beginning. There are many more cultural performances to explore, such as oriental dance, martial arts, Chinese opera, and music. We work with artists worldwide to bring these traditions to life. Whether you need entertainment for Chinese New Year, a cultural event, or creative inspiration, contact us today to discover exciting options that we offer to meet your needs. 1. Which performance has the longest history according to the text? A. Lion Dance. B. Dragon Dance. C. Chinese Drumming. D. Face Changing. 2. What is special about the Face Changing (Bian Lian) performance? A. It used to be a survival technique. B. It is performed to honor special guests. C. It is traditionally taught only to women. D. It symbolizes luck, wisdom, and power. 3. What is the purpose of the text? A. To explore traditional Chinese culture. B. To bring Chinese traditions back to life. C. To advertise the cultural event planning. D. To compare differences among these acts. Passage5(2024-2025成都七中期中） Top Coffee-producing Countries Brazil Back in the 18th century, Brazil started growing coffee. Now, around 300,000 coffee farmers in Brazil produce about 40% of the world’s coffee. Arabica (阿拉比卡咖啡) takes up 70% of the coffee beans grown in the country. In Brazil, 3% of export income is from coffee beans. Brazilians are wild about drinking their coffee and consume it all day long. Vietnam Coffee found its way to Vietnam in the 1800s. Now coffee industry employs almost 3 million people. Most of Vietnam’s coffee production is the less appreciated Robusta (罗布斯塔咖啡) variety. Because of that, most coffee beans grown in Vietnam are for instant coffee. Despite coffee’s popularity as an export crop, the Vietnamese still prefer tea. They also make a famous Cappuccino (卡布奇诺咖啡) not found elsewhere—famous because it gets a dose of raw egg if that’s to your liking. Colombia Coffee was introduced into Colombia in the early 1700s. In Colombia, about 2.3 million acres of land are planted with coffee. Coffee is the most important agricultural export. There are around 555,000 coffee growers in Colombia. The majority of Colombian coffee plantations are owned by families. Colombians typically start their morning with a tinto. It’s a small cup of black coffee that’s sweetened with sugar. They may add cinnamon or other spices to jazz it up. Indonesia Indonesia has a long coffee history that goes back to the 1600s, which has its share of ups and downs. In the late 19th century, the terrible coffee rust disease caused death to many of the high-quality coffee plants. To prevent this from happening again, Indonesia replanted with the disease-resistant Robusta coffee. Arabica beans still play a part in the Indonesian coffee market, representing about 25% of coffee beans grown there. 1. Which of the four countries started growing coffee earliest? A. Brazil. B. Vietnam. C. Colombia. D. Indonesia. 2. What is special about Vietnam? A. A unique kind of coffee drink is made there. B. High-quality coffee beans are produced there. C. Coffee was produced for the home market there. D. Coffee planting met with problems in the 1990s there. 3. What do Brazil and Colombia have in common? A. Coffee exports are growing in both countries. B. They both have a coffee-loving population. C. They share the same number of coffee growers. D. Coffee farms are owned by families in both countries. Part2 记叙文 Passage1 （2023-2024成都蓉城联考高二下期末） Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon. I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household. Zero waste was a lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging. Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero was te groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire. As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged. So here is my advice: Lead by action. 1. What does the underlined phrase “jump on that bandwagon” in the first paragraph mean? A. Join you in what you’re doing. B. Share an apartment with you. C. Help you to make the decision. D. Transform your way of living. 2. Why did the author show her parents a video of Bea Johnson? A. She wanted to change her parents. B. She disagreed with her parents. C. She was favorable to buy groceries with jars. D. She tried to explain what zero waste was. 3. What can we infer about the author? A. She enjoys cooking very much. B. She tries her best to achieve her goals. C. She wants to be a responsible housewife. D. She only cares about her own business. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. How to have your own personal space at home. B. How to live in harmony with other family members. C. How to live a zero waste lifestyle in your household. D. How to persuade others through your own actions. Passage2 Meet Johanna Quaas, a remarkable 98-year-old gymnast from Germany who has been competing since she was 10 years old in 1935. Born in 1926 in Hohenmolsen, Germany, Johanna Quaas discovered her love for gymnastics at a young age. It was all because of this love that she started training and competing in the sport during a time when women’s gymnastics was still in its early stages of development. Despite the challenges and limitations she faced as a female athlete during that time, Johann a stuck to her interest and constantly improved her skills, eventually becoming an excellent member of the gymnastics world. Johanna believes that age should never be a barrier to following one’s dreams. Johanna’s good mindset serves as an inspiration to people of all ages, showcasing that age is just a number when it comes to following our interests and dreams. Back in 2012, Johanna earned the Guinness World Record of the world’s oldest gymnast. She was 86 years old at the time. She maintains a strict exercise routine, eats a balanced diet, and prioritizes her physical and mental well-being. Her staying fit and active has enabled her to continue competing and performing gymnastics routines that would challenge even athletes half her age. What she has done has earned her the admiration of fans and fellow athletes alike. Johanna’s love for gymnastics has not only brought her personal achievements and joy but has also inspired countless individuals to follow their own dreams and goals, regardless of age or circumstances. As Johanna approaches her 100th birthday, she shows no signs of slowing down. She continues to train, compete, and share her love for gymnastics with the world. Her story serves as a reminder that with interest and a healthy attitude, anything is achievable. 1. What can we say about Johanna when it comes to gymnastics? A. She is a pioneer in this field. B. She established the rules for it. C. She’s made the seniors love it. D. She laid the foundation for it. 2. What set Johanna apart from other gymnasts? A. Her poor family and courage. B. Her luck and achievements. C. Her age and positive attitude. D. Her failures and determination. 3. What can be inferred about Johanna from paragraph 4? A. She often challenges young people. B. She is a role model for healthy aging. C. She attended many famous competitions. D. She has strong desires for greater success. 4. What can we learn from Johanna’s story? A. Interest is the best teacher. B. One’s talent is everything. C. It is never too old to learn. D. Success requires support. Passage3 For generations, the name Milton Hershey has been a well-known word closely connected with fine chocolate products throughout the country and around the world. He was born in 1857 on a farm near Derry Church, a small Pennsylvania community. Frequent family moves interrupted his schooling and left him with limited education. He only completed the fourth grade. Following a four-year apprenticeship (学徒期) with a Lancaster candy maker, he established his first candy-making business in Philadelphia. That initial effort failed as did his next two attempts in Chicago and New York. However, he never gave up his hope to build up his own business. Returning to Lancaster in 1883, Hershey established the Lancaster Caramel Company, which quickly became an outstanding success. It was this business that established him as a candy maker and set the stage for future achievements. Hershey became fascinated with German chocolate-making machinery exhibited at the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition. He bought the equipment for his Lancaster plant and soon began producing various chocolate creations. Then in 1900, he sold the Lancaster Caramel Co. in order to focus entirely on his chocolate business. Three years later, Hershey returned to Derry Church to build a new factory. There he could obtain the large supplies of fresh milk needed to perfect and produce fine milk chocolate. Through trial and error, he created his own formula for milk chocolate. In 1903 he began construction on what was to become the world’s largest chocolate plant. After its completion, Hershey's milk chocolate quickly became the first nationally marketed product of its kind. With Milton Hershey’s success came a great sense of social responsibility. Hershey created a completely new community around his factory. He built a model town for his employees that included comfortable homes, an inexpensive public transportation system, a quality public school system and broad cultural opportunities. The town of Hershey continues to be a special place for its residents and a popular at action for millions of visitors each year. Indeed, Milton Hershey's achievements do speak for themselves. 1. What stopped Hershey from having systematic school education? A. His family’s continual relocation. B. His lack of interest in study. C. His failure to meet school requirements. D. His parents’ attaching little value to education. 2. Why did Hershey sell his Lancaster plant? A The plant had suffered a huge loss. B. The produced candies were of low quality. C. His machinery business needed a lot of money. D. He decided to commit himself to chocolate production. 3. Which of the following best describes Hershey? A. Gentle and open-minded. B. Determined and public-spirited. C. Honest and generous. D. Humorous and creative. 4. What can be the most suitable title for the text? A. Failure is the mother of success. B. Many hands make light work. C. Impossible is nothing to a willing heart. D. Great hopes and good wills make great man. Passage4 “Please don’t let me die.” My girlfriend Rungtiwa had the panicked look in her eyes. She was whispering, hardly able to breathe. We were on the Tibetan Plateau, at an elevation of 13, 000ft (3, 960m), about 14 hours by rough roads from the nearest proper city. I had recently moved from Australia to Ireland when I decided to take a big risk. I called Rungtiwa who I had met at a wedding in Thailand and then talked to on Skype from Europe almost every day for four months. I asked her to quit her job in Bangkok and start this nine-week trip through Thailand, Laos, and China. Given the chances we both were taking, I wanted us to find out, as quickly as possible, whether we were meant to be together. I figured such an adventure would quickly provide an answer. It has: right here, in a cold hospital room in the middle of nowhere, I realized that I can’t live without her. I wanted to marry Rungtiwa. Rungtiwa had never traveled before. Her life had been committed to school, then university, then working to help support her family, as is common in Thai culture. But as we traveled together, I was increasingly attracted by her honesty, her patience, her sense of humor, her deep interest in the world around her. I found myself more and more concerned about her physical and emotional safety. Not that we were in any obvious danger — rather, that I couldn’t bear the thought of her being harmed in any way. That explains why, weeks later, I felt so helpless as I watched her breathing for oxygen in a bed in Daocheng, which we reached after 16 hours’ rough ride. Immediately after our trip, I packed up my life in Ireland and moved to Bangkok. 18 months later, we married and now, five years on, we’ve just had our first child. One day, when he’s old enough to understand, I’ll tell our son everything. I’ll explain how he is on this earth — in part, because a near-tragedy made his father see clearly. She is the one. 1. Why did the author plan the Asian journey? A. To escape career pressures. B. To figure out their relationship. C. To experience natural adventures. D. To photograph Tibetan landscape. 2. What worried the author most during the journey? A. Rungtiwa’s all-round safety. B. Finding out Rungtiwa’s personality. C. Rungtiwa’s life experiences in Thai. D. Asking Rungtiwa to give up her job. 3. Which of the following words can best describe Rungtiwa? A. Traditional and energetic. B. Emotional and romantic. C. Curious and humorous. D. Hardworking and grateful. 4. What lesson does the story teach? A. True love unfolds itself in difficulty. B. Altitude sickness can be life-threatening. C. Career should be rearranged for romance. D. Cultural adaptation challenges exist in love. Passage5 Anne Sullivan was born on 14 April 1866 in Feeding Hills, Agawam, Massachusetts. Her family lived in extreme poverty. When she was five years old, Sullivan contracted the bacterial eye disease trachoma (沙眼), a painful infection that left her nearly blind. When she was eight, her mother died, and two years later, her father gave up his children as he could not raise them on his own. Anne was transferred to the Perkins School for the Blind on 7 October 1880. Anne was terribly behind in her education, and the rough manners required to survive in the almshouse (救济院) made it difficult for her to fit in among a student group that was mainly composed of children of the rich. Yet, she soon closed the gap with her classmates with iron-willed determination. Sullivan underwent a series of eye operations that significantly improved her vision. In June 1886, she graduated as the best one of her class. Sullivan arrived at Helen Keller’s house on March 5, 1887. Sullivan immediately began to tea ch Helen to communicate by spelling words into her hand, starting with“d-o-l-1” for the doll that she had brought Keller as a present. At first, the work was slow and frustrating; Keller had no understanding of connecting objects and words. However, after a month of Sullivan’s constant and patient efforts, there was a breakthrough. As Sullivan spelled the word water in one hand while running cool water over the other, Helen Keller made the connection that the gestures symbolized “water.” Sullivan’s breakthrough in communicating with Keller came the next month when Helen realized that the motions her teacher was making on the palm of her hand while running cool water over her other hand symbolized the idea of “water.” Keller later recalled, “I stood still, my whole attention fixed upon the motions of her fingers. Suddenly I felt a misty consciousness as of something forgotten — a thrill of returning thought; and somehow the mystery of language was revealed to me.”Having released the genie (精灵) of language out of the bottle, Keller nearly exhausted Sullivan with her zeal to learn the names of the other objects in her world. Within six months under Anne Sullivan’s guidance, Keller learned 575 words. It was no less a person than Mark Twain who described Anne Sullivan as a Miracle Worker. Sullivan not only conquered the darkness of her own early life but opened the world to a young girl cut off and alone. Anne Sullivan’s resolute spirit should inspire all of us. 1. What can we learn about Sullivan from the first two paragraphs? A. She was deserted by her father because of her illness. B. She couldn’t fit in the almshouse due to her bad manners. C. She was the best student in the Perkins School for the Blind. D. She went through a rough and tough childhood. 2. What was the biggest problem facing Keller at the start of learning words? A. She was too frustrated to learn. B. She was a slow language learner. C. She could not interact with others. D. She could not connect objects with words. 3. What can we learn from Keller’s learning process? A. Interest is the best teacher. B. A patient teacher is helpful. C. Persistence is the key to success. D. A good beginning is half done. 4. What is a suitable title for the text? A. A Miracle Teacher: Anne Sullivan B. Sullivan’s Determination to Teach C. Keller’s Rough Journey of Learning Words D. An Inspiring Language Learner: Helen Keller Part3 议论文、新闻报道 Passage1（2024·浙江·期末模拟） Whenever Song Jing visits a museum, she will check out the section on ancient books. Besides appreciating the wisdom hidden in these historical volumes, she also focuses on how they are bound (装帧) and presented. “It’s more like a force of habit caused by my job,” said Song. This 34-year-old “book doctor” has been working in the restoration department for ancient books at the National Library of China in Beijing, since she finished her cultural relic protection studies course at Peking University in 2015. Up to now, she has been engaged in restoring more than 100 ancient cultural relies. At the moment, Song and her colleagues are working on restoring a copy of Yongle Dadian, an encyclopedia created in 1408. Unfortunately, most of its books that have survived until today have suffered damage to their original binding. “To rest ore them to their original form, we need to gather information from various sources, such as images and texts, before we can make sure their original binding style and repair them accordingly,” she explained. Moreover, the ancient encyclopedia’s silk texture and color have both grown inconsistent, which makes creating the necessary raw materials and matching the color difficult. In the past, restorers had to rely on their experience to determine the appropriate materials to use for a project. As technology has evolved, they are able to use a new method to finish the task through microscopes. However, technology can only help so much, as ancient books restoration still requires essential manual skills, including cutting and brushing paper and binding. Apart from this, the restoration also requires strong control when brushing the paper. “If the pressure is not properly controlled during the brushing process, the paper may tear, but if the touch is too light, the paper won’t adhere (黏附),” Song explained. Owing to the meaningful and complex process, the ancient books restoration technique of the national library was listed as a national-level intangible cultural heritage in 2008. “Hopefully, I can be of some help in inspiring more young people to find their lifelong passion in the field of cultural heritage preservation,” said Song. 1．Why is Song Jing called a “book doctor”? A．She works in the restoration department. B．She focuses on the binding of ancient books. C．She is devoted to the ancient books restoration. D．She enjoys checking out ancient books in a museum. 2．What is a challenge in the restoration of the encyclopedia? A．Editing texts B．Gathering images C．Going with the color D．Identifying raw materials 3．Which of the following can best describe Song? A．dedicated and careful B．unselfish and cautious C．diligent and ambitious D．determined and creative 4．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To relate a story B．To introduce a “book doctor” C．To share a passion D．To protect the cultural heritage Passage2（2024·雅安期末模拟） Google recently announced that it has begun using carbon-free electricity from a geothermal (地热能) project to power data centers in the state of Nevada. Tim Latimer is chief and co-founder of Fervo Energy based in Houston, Texas. His company is working with Google on its geothermal project. Latimer said that getting electricity on the grid from geothermal resources is an event many new energy companies never reach. He added that he believes geothermal energy will become more well-known than in the past. The International Energy Agency(IEA) has long suggested geothermal could be an answer to climate change. The IEA said in a 2011 document that geothermal could reach 3.5 percent of global electricity production each year by 2050. The Paris-based international group says geothermal energy could prevent almost 800 million tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions per year. Fervo Energy is using this first test to launch other projects that will provide more electricity to the grid. The company is currently completing some work in southwest Utah for a 400-megawatt project. Google and Fervo Energy started working together in 2021 to develop geothermal power. The plant near Winnemucca, Nevada, is now operating and is sending about 3.5 megawatts to the grid. Google announced in 2020 that it would use what it calls “carbon-free” energy every hour of every day, wherever it operates, by 2030. Many energy experts believe huge companies like Google can play a part in increasing the use of clean energy. Terrell noted the company was also an early supporter of wind and solar projects, helping those markets grow to where they are today. “It’s a very similar situation. Now that we’ve set a goal to be 24/7 carbon-free energy, we have found it will take more than just wind, solar and storage,” Terrell said. The United States leads the world in using heat from the Earth for electricity production. U. S. Energy Secretary Jennifer Granholm said earlier this year that advances in new geothermal systems will help introduce this form of energy to areas where it has been thought to be impossible. This makes it possible to find energy in more places. 1．What is Tim Latimer’s attitude to working with Google? A．Supportive. B．Disapproving. C．Concerned. D．Indifferent. 2．What can we learn from the text? A．Fervo Energy has launched many geothermal projects before. B．Geothermal energy will take the place of solar energy. C．Getting electricity from geothermal resources has been widely used. D．Geothermal energy has the potential to tackle environmental problems. 3．What will most energy experts agree with? A．CO2 emission is to blame for climate change. B．Carbon-free electricity only exists in our dream. C．Google is setting a good example in environmental protection. D．Wind and solar projects are more important than geothermal project. 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．Geothermal: an answer to climate change B．Google: a company launching a new project C．IEA: an organization contributing to global warming D．CO2: the leading factor to global warming Passage3 Scientists are poor forecasters of the future. But two trends can be confidently predicted. First, the world will get more crowded. There will be more than 9 billion people by 2050. Second, the world will get warmer and some governments won’t prioritize the long-term measures needed to deal with climate change, even though science offers us a road-map to a low-carbon future. That’s why we should be promoters of new technology — without it the world can’t provide the food and sustainable energy needed for an expanding population. But we should also be cautious, as new technologies, such as AI, may be hard to control. AI will undoubtedly become more aggressive in the future. Records of our movements, health and financial transactions will be stored in the cloud. The data may be used for justifiable reasons, such as protein folding and drug development, or to warn us of initial health risks, but its availability to Internet companies is already shifting the balance of power from governments to global-scale corporations. Actually, it’s beyond Earth that AI has the most enormous potential. Humans may have established bases beyond Earth by the year 2100. But don’t ever expect mass emigration (移民) from Earth. It’s a false belief that space offers an escape from our problems. Dealing with climate change on Earth is a piece of cake compared to terraforming (地球化) Mars. Nevertheless, we should cheer on these brave human space adventurers. They’ll be ill-adapted to a Martian habitat, so they’ll have a super motive to redesign themselves. It’s they, not those of us adapted to life on Earth, who will pioneer the post-human era (时代). If post-humans make the shift from flesh and blood to fully artificial intelligence, they won’t need an atmosphere of even gravity, so it’s in deep space — not even on Mars that non biological “brains” may develop powers that we can’t imagine. They may end up being mentally different from us. AI could jump-start a huge emigration and thus even more complex intelligence spreads through the universe. But let’s refocus from the science fiction of the far future closer to the here and now. This century is special. It’s the first, in Earth’s 4.5-billion-year history where one species-ours—holds the planet’s future in its hands. Our intelligence could initiate billions of years of post-human evolution (演化), even more amazing than that which led to us. On the other hand, humans could cause biological, environmental or cyber catastrophes that foreclose all this potential. If science is to save us, we need to think globally, sensibly and long-term—empowered by science, but guided by values that science alone can’t provide. 1．Why does the author mention the two trends in the first paragraph? A．To justify the governments’ policies. B．To criticize scientists’ poor prediction ability. C．To advocate for advancements in tech. D．To highlight the challenges faced by scientists. 2．According to this passage, AI can ________. A．put an end to climate change B．facilitate mass human migration C．speed up the competition in medical fields D．bring about potential threats from big companies 3．As for the future, which of the following will the author agree with? A．Post-humans will echo the history of humans. B．Complex intelligence will dominate the universe. C．Non-biological brains may invite unknown disasters. D．Fully artificial intelligence may inhabit outer space. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Future of Humanity: Could AI Save Us? B．Change or Die: Will Science Lead Further Evolution? C．Towards a Sustainable Future: What Can We Do? D．Unstoppable Trend: Is Complex Intelligence Coming? Passage4 It is William Shakespeare, the great coiner, who is given credit for the word. Coriolanus, one of his characters, compares going into exile (流放) to a “lonely dragon” retiring to his cave. He was talking about a physical state: someone who was lonely was simply alone. Then, thanks to the Romantic poets, the word took on emotional meanings. Loneliness became a condition of the soul. For William Wordsworth, who famously “wandered lonely as a cloud”, the natural world offered an escape from negative feelings of loneliness — a host of flowers could provide “cheerful company”. Today, loneliness is often seen as a serious public-health problem, creating the feeling of disconnection. In his book Solitude, Netta Weinstein, a psychology professor wonders the rewards of time spent alone. He begins with an account of stories of solitude created by figures such as Michel Montaigne, a writer, and Edward Hopper, a painter. Netta then draw on laboratory work, interviews and surveys to clarify how being alone really affects the human mind. It is common to treat loneliness and solitude as synonyms (同义词), but they are not. The author suggests that what is negatively described as one state can be positively expressed as the other. Loneliness, often perceived as negative, can potentially be transformed into a positive experience of solitude. To this end he emphasizes how being alone can help restore people and offers practical advice. In a noisy world, he argues, people should make time to be alone, away from attention-grabbing motives. The book’s interviewees mostly regard a lack of company as a contributor to autonomy (自主). But this depends on whether solitude is desirable or not. Enforced solitude, such as that experienced by prisoners, typically leads to nothing but suffering. Elective solitude, by contrast, affords space for self-reflection. It can open the door to “peak experiences” such as wonder, harmony, and happiness. However, it is a pity that in a highly-connected digital age, many readers don’t like their chances of ever taking a long enough break to have such experiences. 1．How does paragraph 1 introduce the concept of loneliness? A．By tracing its development. B．By analyzing causes. C．By making a point to be argued. D．By sharing a romantic story. 2．What does Netta Weinstein’s book Solitude focus on? A．The various terms of solitude. B．The societal impact of solitude. C．The long-standing history of solitude. D．The psychological benefits of solitude. 3．Netta describes the state of loneliness as _______. A．stressful B．essential C．changeable D．harmful 4．What does Netta most probably agree with according to the last paragraph? A．Enforced solitude is a matter of choice. B．Enforced solitude contributes to autonomy. C．Elective solitude is rare in the digital world. D．Elective solitude interrupts peak experiences. Part4 说明文 Passage1 （2023-2024成都蓉城联考高二下期末） Billionaire Elon Musk on Wednesday announced that he has formed a new artificial intelligence (AI) company, xAI, which has employed researchers from Google, OpenAI and other top technology companies. The goal, Musk tweeted, is “to understand reality.” Musk isn’t a novice to AI given that Tesla uses the technology in its cars. While xAI didn’t mention what projects it will be working on, the company noted that its team of 11 researchers are draw n from top tech companies such as Microsoft Research, OpenAI and Google. Musk suggested that the reason he picked July 12, 2023, to announce the start of xAI is connected with a science fiction classic, Douglas Adams’ The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy. In his tweet, he noted that adding the date 7-12-23 equals 42, which the work of the fiction famously assumes is the answer to life. The company said it will be advised by Dan Hendrycks, director of the Center for AI Safety. Hendrycks pointed out where AI could cause problems. “AIs could be used by bad people to make new deadly bioweapons,” Hendrycks said in May. “Or people could make AI that tries to hurt people on purpose. If this AI was really smart, it could be a big danger to all of us.” The first time xAI was shown to the public was after Musk talked about it in April to the former Fox News host Tucker Carlson. Musk told Carlson that OpenAI’s ChatGPT was a bit restricted and that he wanted to create a different tool that would be a super honest AI that tries to learn how everything in the world works. The startup reflected Musk’s long-voiced concerns about a future in which AI systems could present an existential risk to humanity. Musk said the idea is that an AI that wants to understand humanity is less likely to des troy it. 8. What does the underlined word “novice” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Director. B. Supporter. C. Partner. D. Beginner. 9. Why is Douglas Adams mentioned in Paragraph 3? A. He was a friend of Musk. B. His book was very famous. C. He was a guide of the start of xAI. D. He was connected with the announcing date. 10. Why did Musk talk to Tucker Carlson? A. To make xAI popular. B. To explain why he started xAI. C. To show how xAI works. D. To criticize OpenAI’s ChatGPT. 11. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Creating an honest AI is Musk’s dream. B. It is difficult to control AI systems. C. Musk worries about the danger of AI. D. AI has trouble understanding humanity. Passage 2 Blind people have long desired for brightness but scientists don’t have the technology. To bring that one step closer to reality, Zhiyong Fan, a material scientist of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, developed a new artificial eye recently. The device, which is about as sensitive to light and has sharper vision and a faster reaction time than a real eyeball, may outperform human eyes. The human eye owes its wide field of view and clear eyesight to the retina (视网膜) — an area at the back of the eyeball covered in light-detecting cells. The design for a new artificial eye is based on the structure of the human eye and uses a friendly light-sensitive material. At the back of the eyeball, an artificial retina is lined with Nan scale light sensors (纳米级光感器). Those sensors measure light that passes through the lens (晶状体) at the front of the eye. Wires attached to the back of the retina send signals from those sensors to the processor, similar to the way nerve network s connect the eyeball to the brain. “In the future, we can use this to replace damaged human eyes,” says the lead designer. In theory, this artificial eye could see more clearly than the human eye, because the artificial retina contains about 460 million light sensors per square centimeter while a real retina has about 10 million light-detecting cells per square centimeter. Besides, the artificial eye ball records changes in lighting faster than human eyes can — within about 30 to 40 milliseconds, rather than 40 to 150 milliseconds. Although its 100-degree field of view isn’t as broad as the 150 degrees a human eye can take in, the device can see as well as the human eye in poor light. Hongrui Jiang, an electrical engineer at the University of Wisconsin, though, thinks engineers need a much more practical and efficient way to produce vast series of tiny wires on the back of the artificial eyeball to give it superhuman sight, which is super hard to achieve. 12. Why are blind people mentioned in paragraph 1? A. To explain their desire. B. To show sympathy for them. C. To introduce the topic. D. To compare them with normal people. 13. What is the function of Nan scale light sensors? A. They widen the field of view. B. They send signals to the processor. C. They connect the eyeball to the brain. D. They count the light passing through the lens. 14. What is the advantage of the artificial eye over the human eye? A. The artificial eye can see more clearly. B. The artificial eye has a stronger structure. C. The artificial eye takes in a broader view. D. The artificial eye sees better in weak light. 15. What is Hongrui Jiang’s attitude to the artificial eye? A. Objective. B. Favourable. C. Doubtful. D. Optimistic. Passage3 Boys whose classmates think reading is for girls are more likely to perform poorly in this area, a new study suggests. To conduct the study, researchers tested a total of 1,508 fifth-grade students in 60 classes in Germany, who had an average age of 10. The children filled out questionnaires in which they ranked whether they thought boys or girls were better at reading, which gender read more, and which gender had more fun doing so. They also assessed their own enjoyment and skill in the activity, and completed reading tests. Past studies suggested the stereotypes (刻板印象) that reading is for girls and math is for boys are widespread, so the researchers wanted to see if this could contribute to a gap in skills. Their study revealed that boys who believed gender stereotypes about reading were less likely to see themselves as competent and motivated in this regard. The researchers also found boys whose classmates thought reading was for girls not only had similar attitudes about themselves, but also appeared to perform worse in tests. They discovered girls generally exhibited better reading and writing ability than boys as early as the fourth grade. And as they got older that achievement gap became increasingly obvious. At the same time, the gender stereotype didn’t appear to affect girls positively or negatively. However, the study’s authors acknowledged that their data might not be accurate as they relied on the children’s honesty. They’ll conduct further research. One of the authors of the study said, “To reduce socially determined gender disparities (不一致) in reading, it may help to create contexts that discourage students from acting on their stereotypical beliefs.” The study is the latest to examine how gender stereotypes affect young people. Late last year, a separate team of researchers found teaching teenage boys about gender equality could prevent them from being violent. 12. What were the children in the study asked to do? A. Read something aloud. B. Evaluate their reading ability. C. Learn to read for pleasure. D. Test their partners’ reading skills. 13. What results did the new study find concerning the gender stereotypes? A. Boys and girls had the same ability to learn. B. Gender gap widened even more with age. C. Reading was for girls and math was for boys. D. Math could make girls more competitive. 14. What was the new study’s limitation according to its authors? A. Their findings weren’t immediately applicable. B. They studied only small groups of school kids. C. The information they collected might be wrong. D. They only focused on the vast majority of boys. 15. What does the last paragraph talk about? A. Strengthening the concept of gender equality. B. Analyzing the harm of gender stereotypes. C. Methods of giving up stereotypical beliefs. D. Reasons for producing gender disparities. Passage 4 The release of OpenAI’s Sora text-to-video AI tool last month was met with a mix of worries and excitement from researchers who are concerned about misuse of the technology. The California-based company showcased Sora’s ability to create photorealistic (超级现实主义的) videos from a few short text prompts (提示词), with examples including clips of a woman walking down a neon-lit (霓虹灯闪烁的) street in Tokyo and a dog jumping between two windowsills. Tracy Harwood, a digital-culture specialist at De Montfort University in Leicester, UK, says she is “shocked” by the speed at which text-to-video artificial intelligence (AI) has developed. A year ago, people were laughing at an AI-produced video of the US actor Will Smith eating spaghetti. Now some researchers are worried that the technology could upend global politics in 2024. OpenAI, which also developed ChatGPT and the text-to-image technology DALL·E, first released Sora on 15 February, announcing that it was making the technology “available to red teamers to assess critical areas for harms or risks”. Red teaming’ refers to the process of conducting simulated attacks (模拟攻击) or exploration of a technology to see how it would cope with criminal activity, such as the creation of misinformation and hateful content, in the real world. Sora isn’t the first example of text-to-video technology; others include Gen-2, produced by Runway in New York City and released last year, and the Google-led Lumiere, announced in January. Harwood says she has been “underwhelmed” by some of these other products. “They are becoming more and more ordinary in what they present to you,” she says, adding that the programs require very specific prompts to get them to produce compelling (引人入胜的，可信的) content. Misinformation is a major challenge for these text-to-video technologies, Harwood adds. “We’re going to very quickly reach a point in which we are flooded with a barrage of (一连串) really compelling-looking information. That’s really worrying.” 12. Why did some researchers worry about the the release of Sora? A. Because the videos Sora creates will be untrue. B. Because Sora needs many prompts to create videos. C. Because they are worried about the misuse of technology. D. Because they don’t have ability to create videos themselves. 13. What does the underlined word “upend” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Overturn. B. Update. C. Overcome. D. Disturb 14. What can we know about Sora from the passage? A. Sora is the first example of its kind. B. Sora may be helpful in real world. C. Sora is flooded with misinformation. D. Sora is an ordinary product of its kind. 15. What does the text mainly talk about? A. The release of Sora raised questions. B. Sora is a new t hreat to global politics. C. Sora becomes a vital tool to create videos. D. Misinformation is a major challenge for Sora. Passage 5 Food has always been an integral part of human culture. The way we prepare, consume, and share food reflects our traditions, values, and beliefs. When people from different cultures come together, food becomes a powerful tool for cultural exchange. It allows individuals to share their cooking traditions, learn about new flavors, and appreciate the diversity of cuisines. One example of how food bridges cultural gaps is the popularity of ethnic restaurants. These establishments offer a taste of different cultures, allowing people to explore new cuisines and experience the traditions related to them. Whether it’s a Mexican taqueria, an Indian curry house, or a Japanese sushi bar, these restaurants provide a platform where customers can try new dishes, learn about the ingredients and cooking techniques, and gain a deeper understanding of the culture behind the food. Culinary events also play a crucial role in promoting cultural exchange. These gatherings bring together people from diverse backgrounds, showcasing the richness and diversity of different cuisines. Visitors can try a wide range of dishes, attend cooking demonstrations (演示), and engage in conversations with chefs and food enthusiasts. These events create a sense of community and help develop cross-cultural understanding. Moreover, the act of cooking and sharing food can be a powerful way to connect with others. When we invite someone into our homes and cook a meal for them, we are not only providing their bodies with energy but also sharing a part of our cultural identity. Through food, we can communicate our values, traditions, and heritage. It allows us to break down barriers and build relationships based on mutual respect and appreciation. In today’s globalized world, where people from different cultures often live side by side, food becomes even more important in bridging cultural gaps. It provides a common ground where people can come together, celebrate their differences, and find commonalities. 32. Why are ethnic restaurants popular? A. They serve new food flavors. B. They offer cultural exchange. C. They set up cooking platforms. D. They teach cooking techniques. 33. What do the underlined words “culinary events” in paragraph 4 most likely mean? A. Lectures on healthy eating habits. B. Professional cooking competitions. C. Food-related cultural festivals or activities. D. Cooking classes teaching traditional recipes. 34. How does the author develop the text? A. Using scientific data. B. Using many examples. C. Comparing old and new. D. Quoting famous opinions. 35. What is the main idea of the text? A. Globalization gives cuisines identities. B. Traditional cuisines should be protected. C. Restaurants are the best cultural teachers. D. Sharing food breaks down cultural barriers. 【答案】32. B 33. C 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了食物在文化交流中的重要作用，指出民族餐馆、烹饪活动等都能借助食物促进文化交流，打破文化障碍。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“One example of how food bridges cultural gaps is the popularity of ethnic restaurants. These establishments offer a taste of different cultures, allowing people to explore new cuisines and experience the traditions related to them.(食物如何弥合文化差距的一个例子是民族餐馆的受欢迎程度。这些场所提供不同文化的风味，让人们探索新的美食并体验与之相关的传统)”可知，民族餐馆受欢迎是因为它们能弥合文化差距，提供文化交流的机会。故选B项。 【33题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Culinary events also play a crucial role in promoting cultural exchange. These gatherings bring together people from diverse backgrounds, showcasing the richness and diversity of different cuisines. Visitors can try a wide range of dishes, attend cooking demonstrations, and engage in conversations with chefs and food enthusiasts.(Culinary events在促进文化交流方面也发挥着至关重要的作用。这些聚会将来自不同背景的人聚集在一起，展示了不同美食的丰富性和多样性。游客可以品尝各种各样的菜肴，参加烹饪演示，并与厨师和美食爱好者交流)”和指代关系可知，划线短语“Culinary events”与下文中“These gatherings”构成指代关系，指的是与食物相关的文化节日或活动。故选C项。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“One example of how food bridges cultural gaps is the popularity of ethnic restaurants. These establishments offer a taste of different cultures, allowing people to explore new cuisines and experience the traditions related to them. Whether it’s a Mexican taqueria, an Indian curry house, or a Japanese sushi bar, these restaurants provide a platform where customers can try new dishes, learn about the ingredients and cooking techniques, and gain a deeper understanding of the culture behind the food.(食物如何弥合文化差距的一个例子是民族餐馆的受欢迎程度。这些场所提供不同文化的风味，让人们探索新的美食并体验与之相关的传统。无论是墨西哥玉米卷店、印度咖喱店还是日本寿司店，这些餐馆都为顾客提供了一个可以尝试新菜肴、了解食材和烹饪技巧，并更深入地了解食物背后文化的平台)”以及第四段“Culinary events also play a crucial role in promoting cultural exchange. These gatherings bring together people from diverse backgrounds, showcasing the richness and diversity of different cuisines. Visitors can try a wide range of dishes, attend cooking demonstrations, and engage in conversations with chefs and food enthusiasts. These events create a sense of community and help develop cross cultural understanding.(烹饪活动在促进文化交流方面也起着至关重要的作用。这些聚会将来自不同背景的人聚集在一起，展示了不同美食的丰富性和多样性。游客可以品尝各种各样的菜肴，参加烹饪演示，并与厨师和美食爱好者交流。这些活动营造了一种社区感，有助于增进跨文化理解)”可知，作者是通过列举例子的方式来展开文本。故选B项。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段中“When people from different cultures come together, food becomes a powerful tool for cultural exchange.(当来自不同文化背景的人们走到一起时，食物成为文化交流的有力工具)”、第四段中“Culinary events also play a crucial role in promoting cultural exchange.(烹饪活动在促进文化交流方面也发挥着至关重要的作用)”和最后一段中“In today’s globalized world, where people from different cultures often live side by side, food becomes even more important in bridging cultural gaps. It provides a common ground where people can come together, celebrate their differences, and find commonalities.(在当今全球化的世界里，来自不同文化的人经常生活在一起，食物在弥合文化差距方面变得更加重要。它提供了一个人们可以聚在一起、庆祝差异并找到共同点的平台)”可知，本文主要讲的是分享食物能打破文化障碍。故选D项。 Passage 3 At 6 a. m. in an English village, hundreds of pinkish white sows are waking up for breakfast. But first, they have to get their pictures taken. As each pig squeezes into her feeding area, a tiny camera snaps a photo of her face. And in less than 1 second, an artificial intelligence system identifies her based on facial features. Armed with that information, the system orders a customized meal to shoot into the trough (食槽). Meanwhile the system continues to analyze her photo, looking for negative signs in her facial expression that she might be in pain, sick, or in emotional distress. If it finds any, it sends an immediate alert to the farmer — the guy enjoying a morning coffee over in the next room. These hungry piggies are the testers of Intellipig, a system being developed by scientists to deal with a fundamental problem in animal welfare: we human beings are just not the best at understanding how animals are feeling. Tools like Intellipig could usher in (开启) a new era of caring for animals that gives higher priority to their health, welfare, and protection, says Melvyn Smith, an engineer leading the design of the Intellipig system. There are indications that they could go even further. Eventually, AI might even outshine humans in interpreting a range of more complex emotions like happiness, frustration, or fear, he says — feelings that are equally important to understand if we are to give animals the best possible lives. But like most scientists considering the powers of AI, animal behavior researchers worry about putting too much stock in machines, especially when animal welfare is at risk. “Maybe a machine will end up being better than us; I don’t know,” says Emma Baxter, an animal behavior scientist. “I hope there’s room for experts, to make sure that the AI is actually doing what it says it is.” 8. What can the Intellipig system do automatically? A. Monitor pigs’ well-being. B. Clean pigs’ living spaces. C. Deliver medical services to pigs. D. Provide standardized diets for pigs. 9. What is Melvyn Smith’s attitude towards AI’s role in animal care? A. Objective. B. Skeptical. C. Cautious. D. Positive. 10. What approach does Emma Baxter support when it comes to AI and animal care? A. Banning the use of AL B. Restricting AI to basic tasks. C. Keeping professionals involved. D. Minimizing human intervention. 11. What is the best title for the text? A. Intellipig: AI Provides 24/7 Animal Care B. Intellipig: AI Can Understand Animal Speech C. Intellipig: AI Replaces Farmers in Animal Care D. Intellipig: AI Assists in Detecting Animal Emotions Passage 6 Recently, the growing eyebrow blindness has caused many TikTok users to complain on the platform: Are makeup enthusiasts able to tell if they’re blindly chasing makeup trends or actually wearing what really looks good on their faces. While “eyebrow blindness” and other forms of “beauty blindness” aren’t officially regarded as mental health issues, the tendency of people to follow trends, even making them look foolish or taking risks, is undeniably a real thing. So, what does psychology say about trend-following? Following trends isn’t an indication of a weak character or a mental health problem, says psychologist Pamela Rutledge; it’s completely normal. The root of that lies in humans’ fundamental need of social connections. Multiple psychological theories indicate that human social connections are as crucial as basic necessities like food and shelter, as humans have evolved to depend on one another for survival. But why do trends hold such a strong pull? “Our brains are programmed to notice the unusual,” Rutledge explains. Consequently, we pay attention to those who stand out and attract attention, making trends even more enticing for those brave enough to embrace them. No one is immune to following fashions, noticing trends, or demonstrating their real belonging to social groups. However, there is one specific group that is even easier to following trends, even risky ones: Tweens, teens and young adults. As children begin to move towards adult independence, they seek ways to express their individuality. This can sometimes lead to desperate efforts to prove their affiliation (从属关系) with socially credible groups and can fuel desire to stand out by riding the wave of trends. So, next time you do makeup, get dressed, order food in public, or buy a car, bear in mind that your decision might not be as personalized as you think. “It’s essentially an inborn response, which can be explained by our need to fit in with or stand out from the crowd,” says Pamela. 12. Why is “eyebrow blindness” mentioned? A. It illustrates a kind of makeup. B. It contrasts with “beauty blindness”. C. It brings out the text’s core argument. D. It highlights the importance of beauty. 13. What does the underlined word “enticing” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Important. B. Demanding. C. Appealing. D. Dangerous. 14. Why are youngsters more likely to follow trends? A. They are always seeking adventures. B. They tend to show their social status. C. They are easily affected by social pressure. D. They pursue uniqueness and social recognition. 15. What does Pamela emphasize in the end? A. Social groups decide our behavior. B. Tweens and teens are trend-setters. C. Individuality stands out above trends. D. Trend-following is a natural behavior. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年高二英语下期期末考点大串讲（外研版2019） 专题02 阅读理解必刷20篇 阅读理解分类 文体分类 题型分类 应用文 细节理解题 记叙文 主旨归纳题 议论文、新闻报道 推理判断题 说明文 词义猜测题 Part1 应用文 Passage1 （2023-2024成都蓉城联考高二下期末） Perfectly situated on the Gulf of Mexico, in southwest Florida, Naples is well known and loved for not only its beautiful beaches and blue water, but also all of the family-friendly activities and outdoor fun. Here are the four best beaches in Naples. Delnor-Wiggins Pass State Park This grand state park offers breathtaking Gulf of Mexico views. It is also a home for an incredible diversity of wildlife including sea turtles and many different birds. If you have courage and a sense of wonder, you might even div e into the water and swim with dolphins! Visit early, especially in the busy tourist seasons, to avoid crowds and find a parking spot. Vanderbilt Beach Park It is perfect for little ones who love to play in the sand, build sandcastles, and cool off in the gentle waves. With easy access to many lovely hotels as well as shopping and restaurants, this beach is fun for bird watching, paddle boarding, and swimming. Free life jackets are available for little ones. The best time to visit, however, is sunset—arrive early to get a fantastic viewing spot. Clam Pass Beach It is family-friendly with three miles of sugary sand and calm water. The long boardwalk and nature trail(路线) are a bit of an effort to be sure, but most folks love the adventurous experience. It’s beautiful on either side of the raised wooden path and if you look closely, you can spot butterflies, coastal birds, and other wildlife hiding in the forests. Seashell hunters should arrive early for the best find. Keewaydin Island Beach Off the coast of Naples, Keewaydin Island can only be accessed by boat. From wild pigs to bobcats, white-tailed deer, tortoises, and iguanas, there’s much to see here on this island that is mostly undeveloped. The sightseeing boat tour leaves from Naples or Marco Island. It’s worth noting, however, that there are no public bathroom facilities. 1. What is Delnor-Wiggins Pass State Park famous for? A. Undeveloped islands. B. Family-friendly activities. C. Adventurous experiences. D. Diverse wildlife. 2. What do Vanderbilt Beach Park and Keewaydin Island Beach have in common? A. They have many hotels. B. They can only be reached by boat. C. They have free life jackets and public bathrooms. D. They provide visitors with the chance to see animals. 3. In which column would the text probably be found? A. Education. B. Destination. C. Environment. D. Entertainment. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了那不勒斯的四个海滩。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“It is also a home for an incredible diversity of wildlife including sea turtles and many different birds(这里也是丰富多样的野生动物的家园，包括海龟和许多不同的鸟类)”可知，Delnor-Wiggins Pass State Park 出名的原因是此地拥有多样性的野生动物。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“this beach is fun for bird watching (这个海滩是观鸟的好地方)”以及和最后一段的“From wild pigs to bobcats, white-tailed deer, tortoises, and iguanas, there’s much to see here on this island that is mostly undeveloped .( 从野猪到山猫，白尾鹿，乌龟和鬣蜥，这个大部分未开发的岛屿上有很多值得一看的地方)”可知，这两个地方都让游客有机会看到动物。故选D。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Perfectly situated on the Gulf of Mexico, in southwest Florida, Naples is well known and loved for not only its beautiful beaches and blue water, but also all of the family-friendly activities and outdoor fun. Here are the four best beaches in Naples. (完美地坐落在墨西哥湾，位于佛罗里达州西南部的那不勒斯，因其美丽的海滩和蓝色的海水而闻名和喜爱，同时也因为所有适合家庭参与的活动和户外乐趣。以下是那不勒斯四个最好的海滩。)”可知，整篇文章主要介绍了那不勒斯的四个海滩，以及每个海滩独特的风景、提供的适合家庭的活动和户外娱乐项目。可推知，文章最有可能出现在报纸杂志的目的地栏目中。故选B。 Passage2 （2023-2024雅安高二下期末） Here’re some fun holidays you may like. Square Root Day It’s celebrated on a day where the first two digits in the date are the square root of the last two digits. Only date formats (格式) that have the month and date first and the last two digits of the year last(mm/dd/yy, m/d/yy, dd/mm/yy or d/m/yy) can have Square Root Days. Ron Gordon, an American high school teacher, created this unofficial holiday. Yellow Pig Day July 17 is Yellow Pig Day. Despite its name, the day is not a celebration for pigs, but a celebration of the number 17. The unofficial holiday was created in the early 1960s by Princeton mathematics students, David Kelly and Michael Spivak, while working on the special properties of the number 17. e-Day e-Day celebrates the mathematical constant (常数) e, which has a value of 2.7182818. It is celebrated on February 7 in countries that follow the month/day (m/d) date format. This is because the first two digits of the date — 2/7 — correspond to the first two digits of the constant. Fibonacci Day This annual holiday is created to remember one of the most influential mathematicians of the Middle Ages — Leonardo Bonacci. It falls on November 23 because when the date is written in the mm/dd format (11/23), the digits in the date form a Fibonacci sequence: 1,1,2,3, which is a series of numbers where a number is the sum of the two numbers before it. For example: 1,1,2,3… is a Fibonacci sequence. Here, 2 is the sum of the two numbers before it (1+1). Similarly, 3 is the sum of the two numbers before it (1+2). 1. Which of the following is Square Root Day of 2025? A. On March 3 rd. B. On April 4th. C. On May 5th. D. On June 6th. 2. Which honors a famous person? A. Square Root Day. B. Fibonacci Day. C. Yellow Pig Day. D. e-Day. 3. What do the listed holidays have in common? A. They were created by the same person. B. They are celebrated every other year. C. They are recognized by authorities. D. They have much to do with math. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个与数字有关的节日。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Square Root Day部分“It’s celebrated on a day where the first two digits in the date are the square root of the last two digits. Only date formats(格式) that have the month and date first and the last two digits of the year last(mm/dd/yy, m/d/yy, dd/mm/yy or d/m/yy) can have Square Root Days.(平方根庆祝的日期就在：当日期的前两位数是后两位数的平方根。日期的格式必须是月份、日期在前，年份在后这天才能庆祝平方根节，其日期格式可以是：月月/日日/年年，月/日/年年，日日/月月/年年，或者日/月/年年。)”可知，日期的格式是年份在后，故表达为日/月/2025，或者月/日/2025，且日期的前两位数是后两位数的平方根，25的平方根是5，故“日/月”或者“月/日”上的数字均为5，故为5月5日，故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Fibonacci Day部分“This annual holiday is created to remember one of the most influential mathematicians of the Middle Ages — Leonardo Bonacci.(这个一年一度的节日是为了纪念中世纪最有影响力的数学家之一Leonardo Bonacci——而设立的。)”可知，Fibonacci Day是为了纪念一个著名的数学家，故选B。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Square Root Day部分“It’s celebrated on a day where the first two digits in the date are the square root of the last two digits.(它的庆祝日期是当日期的前两位数是后两位数的平方根的那天。)”，Yellow Pig Day部分“July 17 is Yellow Pig Day. Despite its name, the day is not a celebration for pigs, but a celebration of the number 17.(7月17日是黄猪节。尽管名字如此，这一天并不是为了庆祝猪，而是为了庆祝数字17。)”，e-Day部分“e-Day celebrates the mathematical constant (常数) e(e-Day是为了庆祝数学常数e。)”和Fibonacci Day部分“This annual holiday is created to remember one of the most influential mathematicians of the Middle Ages — Leonardo Bonacci.(这个一年一度的节日是为了纪念中世纪最有影响力的数学家之一Leonardo Bonacci——而设立的。)”可知，这四个节日都与数学有关，故选D。 Passage3 Planning a trip to the seaside this 2024? Are you looking for hotels near the beach? Then why not book one of our rooms and enjoy a relaxing stay with us? We can guarantee you a refreshing stay. So all you need to do is arrive and settle in. Pavilion Hotel Catalina Island 513 Crescent Ave, Avalon, CA 90704 Catalina Island is the perfect destination for a family holiday and Pavilion Hotel is a perfect spot on the island. Pavilion Hotel is only 14 steps from a Catalina beach and offers a big daily continental breakfast and a nightly wine and cheese hour free of charge. There is so much to do, such as biking, hiking, swimming, and boat tours. Venice Breeze Suites 2 Breeze Ave, Venice CA 90291 Venice Breeze Suites is a hotel right on the Venice Beach boardwalk that offers a fun atmosphere. The hotel is located in a classic oceanfront building in the heart of a bicycle-friendly urban beach community filled with unique places to go, such as the Venice Canals, Skate Park and Muscle Beach. Pacific Edge Hotel 647S Coast Hwy, Laguna Beach, CA 92651 There is no place quite like Laguna Beach for a perfect family vacation. Pacific Edge Hotel offers the comforts of home. The hotel’s facilities include lounge chairs, umbrellas, beach towels, two heated pools, and a ping-pong table. Malibu Beach Inn 22878 Pacific Coast Hwy, Malibu, CA90265 Located along the seashore nicknamed “Billionaire’s Beach”, Malibu Beach Inn offers you complete relaxation. Each of the 47 well- equipped rooms has a private balcony. You'll also be just steps away from Malibu Landmarks, high-end shops which offer fancy gifts and rough hiking trails leading to wild watersports and the beach. 1. What can you do in Pacific Edge Hotel? A. Taste free cheese. B. Play table tennis. C. Enjoy a big breakfast. D. Drink wine in the evening. 2. Which is the best place for those who want to buy souvenirs? A Venice Breeze Suites. B. Pacific Edge Hotel. C. Malibu Beach Inn. D. Pavilion Hotel. 3. What do the four hotels have in common? A. They are all near the beach. B. They are all bicycle-friendly. C. They all have a balcony for relaxation. D. They all provide water sports programs. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四家海边旅馆的信息。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据介绍“Pacific Edge Hotel(太平洋边缘酒店)”的句子“There is no place quite like Laguna Beach for a perfect family vacation. Pacific Edge Hotel offers the comforts of home. The hotel's facilities include lounge chairs , umbrellas, beach towels, two heated pools, and a ping- pong table.(没有比拉古纳海滩更适合家庭度假的地方了。太平洋边缘酒店提供舒适的家。酒店的设施包括躺椅、遮阳伞、沙滩毛巾、两个温水游泳池和一张乒乓球桌。)”可知，在Pacific Edge Hotel你可以打乒乓球。故选B项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据介绍“Malibu Beach Inn(马里布海滩旅馆)”的句子“You’ll also be just steps away from Malibu Landmarks, high-end shops which offer fancy gifts and rough hiking trails leading to wild watersports and the beach.(您也将离马里布地标仅几步之遥，高端商店提供精美的礼物和通往野生水上运动和海滩的崎岖远足径。)”可知，想买纪念品的人最好去Malibu Beach Inn，因为那里的高端商店提供精美的礼物。故选C项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“Planning a trip to the seaside this 2024? Are you looking for hotels near the beach? Then why not book one of our rooms and enjoy a relaxing stay with us?(2024年打算去海边旅行吗?你在找海滩附近的旅馆吗?那为什么不预订我们的房间，和我们一起享受轻松的住宿呢?)”和下文提到的几家旅馆的位置可知，这四家旅馆的共同点是他们都在海滩附近。故选A项。 Passage4 Traditional Chinese entertainment is lively and deeply rooted in the country’s rich cultural heritage. Here are four iconic acts that continue to thrill audiences worldwide: Lion Dance: The lion dance dates back at least 2,000 years to the Han Dynasty, featuring two performers in a brightly colored lion costume, symbolizing power, wisdom, and good fortune. It is a staple at celebrations like Chinese New Year, weddings, and corporate events, often used to honor special guests. Dragon Dance: Dating back to 180-230 AD, this performance involves 2 to 50 dancers parading a colorful dragon, sometimes up to 70 meters long. Accompanied by drums, cymbals, and gongs, the dragon symbolizes luck, dignity, and power. It is said that the dragon is tied to Yandi, a mythical tribal leader, making it a significant cultural symbol. Chinese Drumming: A high-impact stage show, Chinese drumming features large, ornate drums played by musicians in colorful costumes. With roots dating back nearly 4,000 years, drumming was historically used in celebrations and battles. Today, it remains a favorite at weddings, festivals, and national events. Face Changing (Bian Lian): An amazing act from Sichuan Opera, face-changing involves performers swiftly changing masks with a wave of the hand or fan. It is believed to date back 300 years. They say that the art form developed from a survival technique. People painted colourful designs on their faces to frighten wild animals. Other sources claim that BianLian is a Chinese version of Robin Hood, who stole from the rich and gave to the poor, would change his appearance when met with guards. Passed down through generations, it remains a closely guarded secret, traditionally taught only to males. Our top 4 traditional Chinese acts are just the beginning. There are many more cultural performances to explore, such as oriental dance, martial arts, Chinese opera, and music. We work with artists worldwide to bring these traditions to life. Whether you need entertainment for Chinese New Year, a cultural event, or creative inspiration, contact us today to discover exciting options that we offer to meet your needs. 1. Which performance has the longest history according to the text? A. Lion Dance. B. Dragon Dance. C. Chinese Drumming. D. Face Changing. 2. What is special about the Face Changing (Bian Lian) performance? A. It used to be a survival technique. B. It is performed to honor special guests. C. It is traditionally taught only to women. D. It symbolizes luck, wisdom, and power. 3. What is the purpose of the text? A. To explore traditional Chinese culture. B. To bring Chinese traditions back to life. C. To advertise the cultural event planning. D. To compare differences among these acts. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四种标志性的中国传统表演艺术及其文化意义。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The lion dance dates back at least 2,000 years to the Han Dynasty, (舞狮的历史至少可以追溯到2000年前的汉代)”、第三段“Dating back to 180-230 AD, (追溯到公元180-230年)”、第四段“With roots dating back nearly 4,000 years, (起源可以追溯到近4000年前)”以及第五段“It is believed to date back 300 years. (据信，它可以追溯到300年前)”可知，中国鼓乐的历史最长。故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“It is believed to date back 300 years. They say that the art form developed from a survival technique. (据信，它可以追溯到300年前。他们说这种艺术形式是从一种生存技术发展而来的)”可知，变脸表演的特别之处在于它曾经是一种生存技巧。故选A。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whether you need entertainment for Chinese New Year, a cultural event, or creative inspiration, contact us today to discover exciting options that we offer to meet your needs. (无论您是需要为中国新年、文化活动或寻求创意灵感提供娱乐，请立即联系我们，了解我们为满足您的需求而提供的精彩选择)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了四种标志性的中国传统表演艺术及其文化意义，目的是为文化活动策划做广告。故选C。 Passage5(2024-2025成都七中期中） Top Coffee-producing Countries Brazil Back in the 18th century, Brazil started growing coffee. Now, around 300,000 coffee farmers in Brazil produce about 40% of the world’s coffee. Arabica (阿拉比卡咖啡) takes up 70% of the coffee beans grown in the country. In Brazil, 3% of export income is from coffee beans. Brazilians are wild about drinking their coffee and consume it all day long. Vietnam Coffee found its way to Vietnam in the 1800s. Now coffee industry employs almost 3 million people. Most of Vietnam’s coffee production is the less appreciated Robusta (罗布斯塔咖啡) variety. Because of that, most coffee beans grown in Vietnam are for instant coffee. Despite coffee’s popularity as an export crop, the Vietnamese still prefer tea. They also make a famous Cappuccino (卡布奇诺咖啡) not found elsewhere—famous because it gets a dose of raw egg if that’s to your liking. Colombia Coffee was introduced into Colombia in the early 1700s. In Colombia, about 2.3 million acres of land are planted with coffee. Coffee is the most important agricultural export. There are around 555,000 coffee growers in Colombia. The majority of Colombian coffee plantations are owned by families. Colombians typically start their morning with a tinto. It’s a small cup of black coffee that’s sweetened with sugar. They may add cinnamon or other spices to jazz it up. Indonesia Indonesia has a long coffee history that goes back to the 1600s, which has its share of ups and downs. In the late 19th century, the terrible coffee rust disease caused death to many of the high-quality coffee plants. To prevent this from happening again, Indonesia replanted with the disease-resistant Robusta coffee. Arabica beans still play a part in the Indonesian coffee market, representing about 25% of coffee beans grown there. 1. Which of the four countries started growing coffee earliest? A. Brazil. B. Vietnam. C. Colombia. D. Indonesia. 2. What is special about Vietnam? A. A unique kind of coffee drink is made there. B. High-quality coffee beans are produced there. C. Coffee was produced for the home market there. D. Coffee planting met with problems in the 1990s there. 3. What do Brazil and Colombia have in common? A. Coffee exports are growing in both countries. B. They both have a coffee-loving population. C. They share the same number of coffee growers. D. Coffee farms are owned by families in both countries. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个咖啡产国的情况。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Back in the 18th century, Brazil started growing coffee. (早在18世纪，巴西就开始种植咖啡。)”；第二段“Coffee found its way to Vietnam in the 1800s. (咖啡在19世纪进入越南。)”；第三段“Coffee was introduced into Colombia in the early 1700s. (咖啡在18世纪早期被引入哥伦比亚)”以及最后一段“Indonesia has a long coffee history that goes back to the 1600s, which has its share of ups and downs. (印尼有着悠久的咖啡历史，可以追溯到17世纪，其间有起有落。)”可知，Indonesia是种植咖啡最早的。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“They also make a famous Cappuccino (卡布奇诺咖啡) not found elsewhere—famous because it gets a dose of raw egg if that’s to your liking. (他们还制作了一款在其他地方找不到的著名的卡布奇诺——出名是因为如果你喜欢的话，它会加一些生鸡蛋。)”可知，越南的特别之处在于那里生产一种独特的咖啡饮料。故选A。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Brazilians are wild about drinking their coffee and consume it all day long. (巴西人喜欢喝咖啡，整天都在喝。)”和第三段中“Colombians typically start their morning with a tinto. It’s a small cup of black coffee that’s sweetened with sugar. (哥伦比亚人通常以一杯tinto开始他们的早晨。它是一小杯加糖的黑咖啡。)”可知，巴西和哥伦比亚的共同之处是都有喜欢喝咖啡的人。故选B。 Part2 记叙文 Passage1 （2023-2024成都蓉城联考高二下期末） Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon. I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household. Zero waste was a lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging. Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero was te groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire. As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged. So here is my advice: Lead by action. 1. What does the underlined phrase “jump on that bandwagon” in the first paragraph mean? A. Join you in what you’re doing. B. Share an apartment with you. C. Help you to make the decision. D. Transform your way of living. 2. Why did the author show her parents a video of Bea Johnson? A. She wanted to change her parents. B. She disagreed with her parents. C. She was favorable to buy groceries with jars. D. She tried to explain what zero waste was. 3. What can we infer about the author? A. She enjoys cooking very much. B. She tries her best to achieve her goals. C. She wants to be a responsible housewife. D. She only cares about her own business. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. How to have your own personal space at home. B. How to live in harmony with other family members. C. How to live a zero waste lifestyle in your household. D. How to persuade others through your own actions. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者阐述了如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式。 【1题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线部分前文“Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都已经准备好)”及第二段“I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household(.在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一行动。由此推知，划线词组表示“加入你正在做的事情”含义。故选A。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! (我记得向我父母展示Bea Johnson的一条视频，分享我觉得用罐子买食品杂货是多么酷的一件事。)”由此可知，作者觉得用罐子买食品杂货是很酷的一件事，她喜欢用罐子购买杂货，因此向父母展示视频分享，故选C。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach(然而，随着减少浪费的几个月的持续，我尽了自己力所能及的努力)”可推知，作者尽了最大努力实现自己减少浪费的目标。故选B。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. (五年前，当我开始转向零废物生活方式时，我体会到了这一点，当时我和父母住在一起，而现在，我和我的丈夫一起生活中，我仍在体验这一过程，因为他并不像我一样完全遵循零废物生活)”及“I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household(在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)”以及第四段“Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach(然而，随着减少浪费的几个月的持续，我尽了自己力所能及的努力)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式。故选C。 Passage2 Meet Johanna Quaas, a remarkable 98-year-old gymnast from Germany who has been competing since she was 10 years old in 1935. Born in 1926 in Hohenmolsen, Germany, Johanna Quaas discovered her love for gymnastics at a young age. It was all because of this love that she started training and competing in the sport during a time when women’s gymnastics was still in its early stages of development. Despite the challenges and limitations she faced as a female athlete during that time, Johann a stuck to her interest and constantly improved her skills, eventually becoming an excellent member of the gymnastics world. Johanna believes that age should never be a barrier to following one’s dreams. Johanna’s good mindset serves as an inspiration to people of all ages, showcasing that age is just a number when it comes to following our interests and dreams. Back in 2012, Johanna earned the Guinness World Record of the world’s oldest gymnast. She was 86 years old at the time. She maintains a strict exercise routine, eats a balanced diet, and prioritizes her physical and mental well-being. Her staying fit and active has enabled her to continue competing and performing gymnastics routines that would challenge even athletes half her age. What she has done has earned her the admiration of fans and fellow athletes alike. Johanna’s love for gymnastics has not only brought her personal achievements and joy but has also inspired countless individuals to follow their own dreams and goals, regardless of age or circumstances. As Johanna approaches her 100th birthday, she shows no signs of slowing down. She continues to train, compete, and share her love for gymnastics with the world. Her story serves as a reminder that with interest and a healthy attitude, anything is achievable. 1. What can we say about Johanna when it comes to gymnastics? A. She is a pioneer in this field. B. She established the rules for it. C. She’s made the seniors love it. D. She laid the foundation for it. 2. What set Johanna apart from other gymnasts? A. Her poor family and courage. B. Her luck and achievements. C. Her age and positive attitude. D. Her failures and determination. 3. What can be inferred about Johanna from paragraph 4? A. She often challenges young people. B. She is a role model for healthy aging. C. She attended many famous competitions. D. She has strong desires for greater success. 4. What can we learn from Johanna’s story? A. Interest is the best teacher. B. One’s talent is everything. C. It is never too old to learn. D. Success requires support. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Johanna Quaas作为一位年近百岁的体操运动员的非凡人生和她在体操领域的卓越成就，以及她如何通过自己的故事激励了无数人。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Back in 2012, Johanna earned the Guinness World Record of the world’s oldest gymnast. (早在2012年，Johanna就获得了世界上年龄最大的体操运动员的吉尼斯世界纪录。)”可知，Johanna是体操领域的先锋，故选A。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Johanna’s good mindset serves as an inspiration to people of all ages, showcasing that age is just a number when it comes to following our interests and dreams. (Johanna良好的心态激励着所有年龄段的人，表明在追求我们的兴趣和梦想时，年龄只是一个数字。)”和第四段“Back in 2012, Johanna earned the Guinness World Record of the world’s oldest gymnast. She was 86 years old at the time. (早在2012年，Johanna就获得了世界上年龄最大的体操运动员的吉尼斯世界纪录。当时她86岁。)”可知，Johanna与其他体操运动员的区别是她的年龄和积极的态度。故选C。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“She was 86 years old at the time. She maintains a strict exercise routine, eats a balanced diet, and prioritizes her physical and mental well-being. (当时她86岁。她坚持严格的日常锻炼，饮食均衡，并优先考虑她的身心健康。)”可知，她是健康地变老的榜样，故选B。 4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Her story serves as a reminder that with interest and a healthy attitude, anything is achievable. (她的故事提醒我们，只要有兴趣和健康的态度，一切皆有可能。)”可知，我们能从Johanna的故事中学到兴趣是最好的老师。故选A。 Passage3 For generations, the name Milton Hershey has been a well-known word closely connected with fine chocolate products throughout the country and around the world. He was born in 1857 on a farm near Derry Church, a small Pennsylvania community. Frequent family moves interrupted his schooling and left him with limited education. He only completed the fourth grade. Following a four-year apprenticeship (学徒期) with a Lancaster candy maker, he established his first candy-making business in Philadelphia. That initial effort failed as did his next two attempts in Chicago and New York. However, he never gave up his hope to build up his own business. Returning to Lancaster in 1883, Hershey established the Lancaster Caramel Company, which quickly became an outstanding success. It was this business that established him as a candy maker and set the stage for future achievements. Hershey became fascinated with German chocolate-making machinery exhibited at the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition. He bought the equipment for his Lancaster plant and soon began producing various chocolate creations. Then in 1900, he sold the Lancaster Caramel Co. in order to focus entirely on his chocolate business. Three years later, Hershey returned to Derry Church to build a new factory. There he could obtain the large supplies of fresh milk needed to perfect and produce fine milk chocolate. Through trial and error, he created his own formula for milk chocolate. In 1903 he began construction on what was to become the world’s largest chocolate plant. After its completion, Hershey's milk chocolate quickly became the first nationally marketed product of its kind. With Milton Hershey’s success came a great sense of social responsibility. Hershey created a completely new community around his factory. He built a model town for his employees that included comfortable homes, an inexpensive public transportation system, a quality public school system and broad cultural opportunities. The town of Hershey continues to be a special place for its residents and a popular at action for millions of visitors each year. Indeed, Milton Hershey's achievements do speak for themselves. 1. What stopped Hershey from having systematic school education? A. His family’s continual relocation. B. His lack of interest in study. C. His failure to meet school requirements. D. His parents’ attaching little value to education. 2. Why did Hershey sell his Lancaster plant? A The plant had suffered a huge loss. B. The produced candies were of low quality. C. His machinery business needed a lot of money. D. He decided to commit himself to chocolate production. 3. Which of the following best describes Hershey? A. Gentle and open-minded. B. Determined and public-spirited. C. Honest and generous. D. Humorous and creative. 4. What can be the most suitable title for the text? A. Failure is the mother of success. B. Many hands make light work. C. Impossible is nothing to a willing heart. D. Great hopes and good wills make great man. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文属于记叙文，主要介绍Milton Hershey创办Hershey’s Chocolate的历程，以及他的社会责任感。 1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Frequent family moves interrupted his schooling and left him with limited education. He only completed the fourth grade. (频繁的家庭搬迁中断了他的学业，使他所受的教育有限。他只读完了四年级)”可知，家庭的不断搬迁阻止Hershey接受系统的学校教育。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Then in 1900, he sold the Lancaster Caramel Co. in order to focus entirely on his chocolate business. (然后在1900年，他卖掉了兰开斯特焦糖公司，以便完全专注于他的巧克力生意。)”可知，为了专注于巧克力业务，Hershey卖掉了Lancaster焦糖公司。故选D。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Following a four-year apprenticeship (学徒期) with a Lancaster candy maker, he established his first candy-making business in Philadelphia. That initial effort failed as did his next two attempts in Chicago and New York. However, he never gave up his hope to build up his own business. Returning to Lancaster in 1883, Hershey established the Lancaster Caramel Company, which quickly became an outstanding success. (在兰开斯特一家糖果制造商当了四年学徒之后，他在费城建立了自己的第一家糖果制造公司。最初的尝试失败了，接下来他在芝加哥和纽约的两次尝试也失败了。然而，他从未放弃自己创业的希望。1883年，Hershey回到兰开斯特，成立了兰开斯特焦糖公司，并迅速取得了巨大的成功。)”可知，虽然失败了几次，但Hershey没有放弃，最终建立了自己的公司并获得成功，由此推知他有决心；根据最后一段的“With Milton Hershey’s success came a great sense of social responsibility. Hershey created a completely new community around his factory. He built a model town for his employees that included comfortable homes, an inexpensive public transportation system, a quality public school system and broad cultural opportunities. (Milton Hershey的成功带来了巨大的社会责任感。Hershey在他的工厂周围建立了一个全新的社区。他为他的员工建造了一个模范城镇，包括舒适的住房、廉价的公共交通系统、高质量的公立学校系统和广泛的文化机会。)”推知，他热心公益。故选B。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段的“However, he never gave up his hope to build up his own business.(然而，他从未放弃自己创业的希望。)”以及最后一段“With Milton Hershey’s success came a great sense of social responsibility. Hershey created a completely new community around his factory. He built a model town for his employees that included comfortable homes, an inexpensive public transportation system, a quality public school system and broad cultural opportunities. ( Milton Hershey的成功带来了巨大的社会责任感。Hershey在他的工厂周围建立了一个全新的社区。他为他的员工建造了一个模范城镇，包括舒适的住房、廉价的公共交通系统、高质量的公立学校系统和广泛的文化机会。)”并通读全文可知，文章主要讲述Milton Hershey满怀热情和希望，不畏失败，永不言弃地创办Hershey’s Chocolate的历程，以及他的社会责任感，因此D项“伟大的希望和强大的意志造就伟大的人”为最佳标题，故选D。 Passage4 “Please don’t let me die.” My girlfriend Rungtiwa had the panicked look in her eyes. She was whispering, hardly able to breathe. We were on the Tibetan Plateau, at an elevation of 13, 000ft (3, 960m), about 14 hours by rough roads from the nearest proper city. I had recently moved from Australia to Ireland when I decided to take a big risk. I called Rungtiwa who I had met at a wedding in Thailand and then talked to on Skype from Europe almost every day for four months. I asked her to quit her job in Bangkok and start this nine-week trip through Thailand, Laos, and China. Given the chances we both were taking, I wanted us to find out, as quickly as possible, whether we were meant to be together. I figured such an adventure would quickly provide an answer. It has: right here, in a cold hospital room in the middle of nowhere, I realized that I can’t live without her. I wanted to marry Rungtiwa. Rungtiwa had never traveled before. Her life had been committed to school, then university, then working to help support her family, as is common in Thai culture. But as we traveled together, I was increasingly attracted by her honesty, her patience, her sense of humor, her deep interest in the world around her. I found myself more and more concerned about her physical and emotional safety. Not that we were in any obvious danger — rather, that I couldn’t bear the thought of her being harmed in any way. That explains why, weeks later, I felt so helpless as I watched her breathing for oxygen in a bed in Daocheng, which we reached after 16 hours’ rough ride. Immediately after our trip, I packed up my life in Ireland and moved to Bangkok. 18 months later, we married and now, five years on, we’ve just had our first child. One day, when he’s old enough to understand, I’ll tell our son everything. I’ll explain how he is on this earth — in part, because a near-tragedy made his father see clearly. She is the one. 1. Why did the author plan the Asian journey? A. To escape career pressures. B. To figure out their relationship. C. To experience natural adventures. D. To photograph Tibetan landscape. 2. What worried the author most during the journey? A. Rungtiwa’s all-round safety. B. Finding out Rungtiwa’s personality. C. Rungtiwa’s life experiences in Thai. D. Asking Rungtiwa to give up her job. 3. Which of the following words can best describe Rungtiwa? A. Traditional and energetic. B. Emotional and romantic. C. Curious and humorous. D. Hardworking and grateful. 4. What lesson does the story teach? A. True love unfolds itself in difficulty. B. Altitude sickness can be life-threatening. C. Career should be rearranged for romance. D. Cultural adaptation challenges exist in love. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者与女友的亚洲之旅，以及这段经历如何让他们认清彼此并走向婚姻。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Given the chances we both were taking, I wanted us to find out, as quickly as possible, whether we were meant to be together. I figured such an adventure would quickly provide an answer. (考虑到我们都在冒险，我想让我们尽快弄清楚，我们是否注定在一起。我想这样的冒险会很快给出答案)”可知，作者计划亚洲之旅是为了弄清楚他们的关系，即他们是否适合在一起。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“I found myself more and more concerned about her physical and emotional safety. Not that we were in any obvious danger — rather, that I couldn’t bear the thought of her being harmed in any way. (我发现自己越来越关心她的身心健康。倒不是说我们有什么明显的危险，而是我无法忍受她受到任何伤害的想法)”可知，旅途中作者最担心的是Rungtiwa的全方位安全。故选A。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Her life had been committed to school, then university, then working to help support her family, as is common in Thai culture. But as we traveled together, I was increasingly attracted by her honesty, her patience, her sense of humor, her deep interest in the world around her. (她的生活一直致力于学校，然后是大学，然后工作以帮助支持她的家庭，这在泰国文化中很常见。但随着我们一起旅行，我越来越被她的诚实、耐心、幽默感和她对周围世界的浓厚兴趣所吸引)”可知，Rungtiwa是幽默且对周围世界有好奇心的。故选C。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“I’ll explain how he is on this earth — in part, because a near-tragedy made his father see clearly. She is the one. (我会解释他为什么会来到这个世界上——部分原因是，一场近乎悲剧的事件让他的父亲看清了。她就是那个人)”可推知，这个故事告诉我们真爱在困难中展现。故选A。 Passage5 Anne Sullivan was born on 14 April 1866 in Feeding Hills, Agawam, Massachusetts. Her family lived in extreme poverty. When she was five years old, Sullivan contracted the bacterial eye disease trachoma (沙眼), a painful infection that left her nearly blind. When she was eight, her mother died, and two years later, her father gave up his children as he could not raise them on his own. Anne was transferred to the Perkins School for the Blind on 7 October 1880. Anne was terribly behind in her education, and the rough manners required to survive in the almshouse (救济院) made it difficult for her to fit in among a student group that was mainly composed of children of the rich. Yet, she soon closed the gap with her classmates with iron-willed determination. Sullivan underwent a series of eye operations that significantly improved her vision. In June 1886, she graduated as the best one of her class. Sullivan arrived at Helen Keller’s house on March 5, 1887. Sullivan immediately began to tea ch Helen to communicate by spelling words into her hand, starting with“d-o-l-1” for the doll that she had brought Keller as a present. At first, the work was slow and frustrating; Keller had no understanding of connecting objects and words. However, after a month of Sullivan’s constant and patient efforts, there was a breakthrough. As Sullivan spelled the word water in one hand while running cool water over the other, Helen Keller made the connection that the gestures symbolized “water.” Sullivan’s breakthrough in communicating with Keller came the next month when Helen realized that the motions her teacher was making on the palm of her hand while running cool water over her other hand symbolized the idea of “water.” Keller later recalled, “I stood still, my whole attention fixed upon the motions of her fingers. Suddenly I felt a misty consciousness as of something forgotten — a thrill of returning thought; and somehow the mystery of language was revealed to me.”Having released the genie (精灵) of language out of the bottle, Keller nearly exhausted Sullivan with her zeal to learn the names of the other objects in her world. Within six months under Anne Sullivan’s guidance, Keller learned 575 words. It was no less a person than Mark Twain who described Anne Sullivan as a Miracle Worker. Sullivan not only conquered the darkness of her own early life but opened the world to a young girl cut off and alone. Anne Sullivan’s resolute spirit should inspire all of us. 1. What can we learn about Sullivan from the first two paragraphs? A. She was deserted by her father because of her illness. B. She couldn’t fit in the almshouse due to her bad manners. C. She was the best student in the Perkins School for the Blind. D. She went through a rough and tough childhood. 2. What was the biggest problem facing Keller at the start of learning words? A. She was too frustrated to learn. B. She was a slow language learner. C. She could not interact with others. D. She could not connect objects with words. 3. What can we learn from Keller’s learning process? A. Interest is the best teacher. B. A patient teacher is helpful. C. Persistence is the key to success. D. A good beginning is half done. 4. What is a suitable title for the text? A. A Miracle Teacher: Anne Sullivan B. Sullivan’s Determination to Teach C. Keller’s Rough Journey of Learning Words D. An Inspiring Language Learner: Helen Keller 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B 4. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Anne Sullivan克服自身困境，成为Helen Keller的良师，通过不懈努力帮助Keller学会交流的励志故事。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Her family lived in extreme poverty. When she was five years old, Sullivan contracted the bacterial eye disease trachoma (沙眼), a painful infection that left her nearly blind. When she was eight, her mother died, and two years later, her father gave up his children as he could not raise them on his own.(她的家庭生活在极端贫困之中。五岁时，沙利文感染了细菌性眼病沙眼，这是一种痛苦的感染，使她几乎失明。当她八岁的时候，她的母亲去世了，两年后，她的父亲放弃了他的孩子，因为他无法独自抚养他们)”以及第二段的“Anne was terribly behind in her education, and the rough manners required to survive in the almshouse (救济院) made it difficult for her to fit in among a student group that was mainly composed of children of the rich.(安妮的教育严重落后，在济贫院生存所需的粗鲁举止使她很难融入一个主要由富人子女组成的学生群体)”可知，前两段讲述了Sullivan艰难的童年，包括家庭极度贫困、患了几乎让她失明的沙眼、母亲去世以及被父亲放弃等信息。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“At first, the work was slow and frustrating; Keller had no understanding of connecting objects and words.(起初，这项工作进展缓慢，令人沮丧；凯勒不懂得把物体和文字联系起来)”可知，起初Keller面临的最大问题是无法将物体与词语相联系。故选D。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。从Keller的学习过程中，特别是在第三段提到的“However, after a month of Sullivan’s constant and patient efforts, there was a breakthrough. (然而，经过一个月沙利文不断耐心的努力，终于有了突破)”以及第四段“Sullivan’s breakthrough in communicating with Keller came the next month when Helen realized that the motions her teacher was making on the palm of her hand while running cool water over her other hand symbolized the idea of “water.”(第二个月，当海伦意识到老师在她手掌上做的动作象征着“水”的概念时，沙利文在与凯勒交流方面取得了突破)”可知，经过无数的努力，Sullivan老师的手势让Keller理解了“水”的概念。由此可推断，一位耐心的老师对她的学习过程非常有帮助。故选B。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，整篇文章围绕Anne Sullivan如何克服自己早年的困难，最终成为海伦·凯勒的老师并成功教会她学习语言的过程展开，展现了Sullivan的奇迹般教学能力。所以“奇迹教师：安妮·沙利文”适合作本文的标题。故选A。 Part3 议论文、新闻报道 Passage1（2024·浙江·期末模拟） Whenever Song Jing visits a museum, she will check out the section on ancient books. Besides appreciating the wisdom hidden in these historical volumes, she also focuses on how they are bound (装帧) and presented. “It’s more like a force of habit caused by my job,” said Song. This 34-year-old “book doctor” has been working in the restoration department for ancient books at the National Library of China in Beijing, since she finished her cultural relic protection studies course at Peking University in 2015. Up to now, she has been engaged in restoring more than 100 ancient cultural relies. At the moment, Song and her colleagues are working on restoring a copy of Yongle Dadian, an encyclopedia created in 1408. Unfortunately, most of its books that have survived until today have suffered damage to their original binding. “To rest ore them to their original form, we need to gather information from various sources, such as images and texts, before we can make sure their original binding style and repair them accordingly,” she explained. Moreover, the ancient encyclopedia’s silk texture and color have both grown inconsistent, which makes creating the necessary raw materials and matching the color difficult. In the past, restorers had to rely on their experience to determine the appropriate materials to use for a project. As technology has evolved, they are able to use a new method to finish the task through microscopes. However, technology can only help so much, as ancient books restoration still requires essential manual skills, including cutting and brushing paper and binding. Apart from this, the restoration also requires strong control when brushing the paper. “If the pressure is not properly controlled during the brushing process, the paper may tear, but if the touch is too light, the paper won’t adhere (黏附),” Song explained. Owing to the meaningful and complex process, the ancient books restoration technique of the national library was listed as a national-level intangible cultural heritage in 2008. “Hopefully, I can be of some help in inspiring more young people to find their lifelong passion in the field of cultural heritage preservation,” said Song. 1．Why is Song Jing called a “book doctor”? A．She works in the restoration department. B．She focuses on the binding of ancient books. C．She is devoted to the ancient books restoration. D．She enjoys checking out ancient books in a museum. 2．What is a challenge in the restoration of the encyclopedia? A．Editing texts B．Gathering images C．Going with the color D．Identifying raw materials 3．Which of the following can best describe Song? A．dedicated and careful B．unselfish and cautious C．diligent and ambitious D．determined and creative 4．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To relate a story B．To introduce a “book doctor” C．To share a passion D．To protect the cultural heritage 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是古籍修复师宋晶的工作、她对古籍修复的热情和专业知识，以及她对文化遗产保护的贡献和期望。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“This 34-year-old “book doctor” has been working in the restoration department for ancient books at the National Library of China in Beijing, since she finished her cultural relic protection studies course at Peking University in 2015.(这位34岁的“书医”自2015年毕业于北京大学文物保护专业后，一直在北京中国国家图书馆古籍修复部工作。)”可知，宋晶被称为“书医”是因为她致力于古籍修复工作。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Moreover, the ancient encyclopedia’s silk texture and color have both grown inconsistent, which makes creating the necessary raw materials and matching the color difficult.(此外，古代百科全书的丝绸质地和颜色都变得不一致，这使得创造必要的原材料和配色变得困难。)”可知，修复百科全书的挑战是搭配颜色。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段“This 34-year-old “book doctor” has been working in the restoration department for ancient books at the National Library of China in Beijing, since she finished her cultural relic protection studies course at Peking University in 2015. Up to now, she has been engaged in restoring more than 100 ancient cultural relies.(这位34岁的“书医”自2015年毕业于北京大学文物保护专业后，一直在北京中国国家图书馆古籍修复部工作。到目前为止，她已经修复了100多件古文化文物。)”说明宋晶毕业后一致从事古籍修复的工作，因此她是敬业的，在工作方面有献身精神的，因此用dedicated来修饰她；根据倒数第二段“If the pressure is not properly controlled during the brushing process, the paper may tear, but if the touch is too light, the paper won’t adhere (黏附)(如果在刷纸过程中压力控制不当，纸可能会被撕破，但如果触摸太轻，纸就不会粘附)”可知，做古籍修复工作的人必须是仔细的，因此可用careful来修饰宋晶。故选A。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“This 34-year-old “book doctor” has been working in the restoration department for ancient books at the National Library of China in Beijing, since she finished her cultural relic protection studies course at Peking University in 2015. Up to now, she has been engaged in restoring more than 100 ancient cultural relies.(这位34岁的“书医”自2015年毕业于北京大学文物保护专业后，一直在北京中国国家图书馆古籍修复部工作。到目前为止，她已经修复了100多件古文化文物。)”和最后一段“Hopefully, I can be of some help in inspiring more young people to find their lifelong passion in the field of cultural heritage preservation(希望我能在激励更多年轻人在文化遗产保护领域找到他们毕生的激情方面有所帮助。)”可知，本文主要讲的是古籍修复师宋晶的工作、她对古籍修复的热情和专业知识，以及她对文化遗产保护的贡献和期望，因此目的是分享宋晶对工作的热情，故选C。 Passage2（2024·雅安期末模拟） Google recently announced that it has begun using carbon-free electricity from a geothermal (地热能) project to power data centers in the state of Nevada. Tim Latimer is chief and co-founder of Fervo Energy based in Houston, Texas. His company is working with Google on its geothermal project. Latimer said that getting electricity on the grid from geothermal resources is an event many new energy companies never reach. He added that he believes geothermal energy will become more well-known than in the past. The International Energy Agency(IEA) has long suggested geothermal could be an answer to climate change. The IEA said in a 2011 document that geothermal could reach 3.5 percent of global electricity production each year by 2050. The Paris-based international group says geothermal energy could prevent almost 800 million tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions per year. Fervo Energy is using this first test to launch other projects that will provide more electricity to the grid. The company is currently completing some work in southwest Utah for a 400-megawatt project. Google and Fervo Energy started working together in 2021 to develop geothermal power. The plant near Winnemucca, Nevada, is now operating and is sending about 3.5 megawatts to the grid. Google announced in 2020 that it would use what it calls “carbon-free” energy every hour of every day, wherever it operates, by 2030. Many energy experts believe huge companies like Google can play a part in increasing the use of clean energy. Terrell noted the company was also an early supporter of wind and solar projects, helping those markets grow to where they are today. “It’s a very similar situation. Now that we’ve set a goal to be 24/7 carbon-free energy, we have found it will take more than just wind, solar and storage,” Terrell said. The United States leads the world in using heat from the Earth for electricity production. U. S. Energy Secretary Jennifer Granholm said earlier this year that advances in new geothermal systems will help introduce this form of energy to areas where it has been thought to be impossible. This makes it possible to find energy in more places. 1．What is Tim Latimer’s attitude to working with Google? A．Supportive. B．Disapproving. C．Concerned. D．Indifferent. 2．What can we learn from the text? A．Fervo Energy has launched many geothermal projects before. B．Geothermal energy will take the place of solar energy. C．Getting electricity from geothermal resources has been widely used. D．Geothermal energy has the potential to tackle environmental problems. 3．What will most energy experts agree with? A．CO2 emission is to blame for climate change. B．Carbon-free electricity only exists in our dream. C．Google is setting a good example in environmental protection. D．Wind and solar projects are more important than geothermal project. 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．Geothermal: an answer to climate change B．Google: a company launching a new project C．IEA: an organization contributing to global warming D．CO2: the leading factor to global warming 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了谷歌公司开启了新能源项目，地热供电。地热能源被很多新能源公司看作为目标，其在减少二氧化碳排放量和保护环境方面具有巨大的潜力。因此，很多能源专家对谷歌公司的作为给与积极的评价。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“Latimer said that getting electricity on the grid from geothermal resources is an event many new energy companies never reach. He added that he believes geothermal energy will become more well-known than in the past.(Latimer说，从地热资源中获得电力是许多新能源公司从未达到的目标。他补充说，他相信地热能源将比过去更广为人知。)”可知，许多新能源公司将地热能源当作目标，Latimer认为地热能源将比过去更广为认知，即，他认为地热能源具有很大的潜力，由此推知，Latimer对与谷歌合作抱有支持的态度。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“The International Energy Agency(IEA) has long suggested geothermal could be an answer to climate change.(国际能源署早就提出地热可能是应对气候变化的一种方法。)”以及“The Paris-based international group says geothermal energy could prevent almost 800 million tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions per year.(这家总部位于巴黎的国际组织表示，地热能源每年可以减少近8亿吨二氧化碳的排放。)”可知，地热可能是应对气候变化的一种方法，其每年可以减少近8亿吨二氧化碳的排放。由此可推知，地热能具有解决环境问题的潜力。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容“Many energy experts believe huge companies like Google can play a part in increasing the use of clean energy.(许多能源专家认为，像谷歌这样的大公司可以在增加清洁能源的使用方面发挥作用。)”可知，许多能源专家认为谷歌这样的大公司在增加清洁能源使用方法能够发挥积极的作用，而清洁能源的使用是为了保护环境。由此推知，选项C“Google is setting a good example in environmental protection.(谷歌在环境保护方面树立了一个好榜样。)”能够得到能源专家的认同。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读文章内容可知，文章首段“Google recently announced that it has begun using carbon-free electricity from a geothermal project to power data centers in the state of Nevada.(谷歌最近宣布，它已开始使用地热项目中的无碳电力为内华达州的数据中心供电。)”介绍了文章的核心话题，即，谷歌公司开启了地热项目，后文详细讲述了该项目的合作方，地热的潜能，以及能源专家对谷歌公司做法的高度评价。因此，选项B“Google: a company launching a new project(谷歌：一个启动新项目的公司)”贴合主题。故选B项。 Passage3 Scientists are poor forecasters of the future. But two trends can be confidently predicted. First, the world will get more crowded. There will be more than 9 billion people by 2050. Second, the world will get warmer and some governments won’t prioritize the long-term measures needed to deal with climate change, even though science offers us a road-map to a low-carbon future. That’s why we should be promoters of new technology — without it the world can’t provide the food and sustainable energy needed for an expanding population. But we should also be cautious, as new technologies, such as AI, may be hard to control. AI will undoubtedly become more aggressive in the future. Records of our movements, health and financial transactions will be stored in the cloud. The data may be used for justifiable reasons, such as protein folding and drug development, or to warn us of initial health risks, but its availability to Internet companies is already shifting the balance of power from governments to global-scale corporations. Actually, it’s beyond Earth that AI has the most enormous potential. Humans may have established bases beyond Earth by the year 2100. But don’t ever expect mass emigration (移民) from Earth. It’s a false belief that space offers an escape from our problems. Dealing with climate change on Earth is a piece of cake compared to terraforming (地球化) Mars. Nevertheless, we should cheer on these brave human space adventurers. They’ll be ill-adapted to a Martian habitat, so they’ll have a super motive to redesign themselves. It’s they, not those of us adapted to life on Earth, who will pioneer the post-human era (时代). If post-humans make the shift from flesh and blood to fully artificial intelligence, they won’t need an atmosphere of even gravity, so it’s in deep space — not even on Mars that non biological “brains” may develop powers that we can’t imagine. They may end up being mentally different from us. AI could jump-start a huge emigration and thus even more complex intelligence spreads through the universe. But let’s refocus from the science fiction of the far future closer to the here and now. This century is special. It’s the first, in Earth’s 4.5-billion-year history where one species-ours—holds the planet’s future in its hands. Our intelligence could initiate billions of years of post-human evolution (演化), even more amazing than that which led to us. On the other hand, humans could cause biological, environmental or cyber catastrophes that foreclose all this potential. If science is to save us, we need to think globally, sensibly and long-term—empowered by science, but guided by values that science alone can’t provide. 1．Why does the author mention the two trends in the first paragraph? A．To justify the governments’ policies. B．To criticize scientists’ poor prediction ability. C．To advocate for advancements in tech. D．To highlight the challenges faced by scientists. 2．According to this passage, AI can ________. A．put an end to climate change B．facilitate mass human migration C．speed up the competition in medical fields D．bring about potential threats from big companies 3．As for the future, which of the following will the author agree with? A．Post-humans will echo the history of humans. B．Complex intelligence will dominate the universe. C．Non-biological brains may invite unknown disasters. D．Fully artificial intelligence may inhabit outer space. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Future of Humanity: Could AI Save Us? B．Change or Die: Will Science Lead Further Evolution? C．Towards a Sustainable Future: What Can We Do? D．Unstoppable Trend: Is Complex Intelligence Coming? 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍了人口增长和气候变暖两个趋势，并探讨了人工智能、太空探索以及后人类时代的可能性，文章呼吁全球思考、理性行动，并强调科学需要与价值观相结合。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Scientists are poor forecasters of the future. But two trends can be confidently predicted. First, the world will get more crowded. There will be more than 9 billion people by 2050. Second, the world will get warmer and some governments won’t prioritize the long-term measures needed to deal with climate change, even though science offers us a road-map to a low-carbon future. (科学家们对未来的预测能力很差。但可以自信地预测两种趋势。首先，世界将变得更加拥挤。到2050年，人口将超过90亿。其次，世界将变暖，一些政府不会优先考虑应对气候变化所需的长期措施，尽管科学为我们提供了低碳未来的路线图。)”以及第二段“That’s why we should be promoters of new technology—without it the world can’t provide the food and sustainable energy needed for an expanding population. (这就是为什么我们应该成为新技术的推动者——没有它，世界就无法为不断增长的人口提供所需的粮食和可持续能源。)”可知，作者在第一段中提到这两种趋势是为了呼吁大家发展科学新技术，倡导技术进步。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“AI will undoubtedly become more aggressive in the future. Records of our movements, health and financial transactions will be stored in the cloud. The data may be used for justifiable reasons, such as protein folding and drug development, or to warn us of initial health risks, but its availability to Internet companies is already shifting the balance of power from governments to global-scale corporations. (毫无疑问，人工智能在未来将变得更加激进。我们的行动、健康和财务交易记录将存储在云端。这些数据可能被用于合理的原因，如蛋白质折叠和药物开发，或警告我们最初的健康风险，但互联网公司的可用性已经将权力平衡从政府转移到了全球规模的公司。)”可知，人工智能会使人类受到来自于全球规模的大公司的潜在威胁。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“If post-humans make the shift from flesh and blood to fully artificial intelligence, they won’t need an atmosphere of even gravity, so it’s in deep space — not even on Mars that non biological “brains” may develop powers that we can’t imagine. They may end up being mentally different from us. AI could jump-start a huge emigration and thus even more complex intelligence spreads through the universe. (如果后人类从血肉之躯转为完全的人工智能，他们将不需要一个均匀的重力环境，所以在深空——甚至在火星上，非生物“大脑”可能会发展出我们无法想象的力量。他们最终可能会在精神上与我们不同。人工智能可能会引发大规模的移民，从而使更复杂的智能在宇宙中传播。)”可知，作者认为完全人工智能可能存在于外太空。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“If science is to save us, we need to think globally, sensibly and long-term—empowered by science, but guided by values that science alone can’t provide. (如果科学要拯救我们，我们需要从全球、理智和长远的角度思考——由科学赋予权力，但以科学本身无法提供的价值观为指导。)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要探讨了人工智能、太空探索以及后人类时代的可能性，文章呼吁全球思考、理性行动，并强调科学需要与价值观相结合所以“人类的未来：人工智能能拯救我们吗？”提出问题，引发读者的阅读兴趣，适合作为文章标题。故选A。 Passage4 It is William Shakespeare, the great coiner, who is given credit for the word. Coriolanus, one of his characters, compares going into exile (流放) to a “lonely dragon” retiring to his cave. He was talking about a physical state: someone who was lonely was simply alone. Then, thanks to the Romantic poets, the word took on emotional meanings. Loneliness became a condition of the soul. For William Wordsworth, who famously “wandered lonely as a cloud”, the natural world offered an escape from negative feelings of loneliness — a host of flowers could provide “cheerful company”. Today, loneliness is often seen as a serious public-health problem, creating the feeling of disconnection. In his book Solitude, Netta Weinstein, a psychology professor wonders the rewards of time spent alone. He begins with an account of stories of solitude created by figures such as Michel Montaigne, a writer, and Edward Hopper, a painter. Netta then draw on laboratory work, interviews and surveys to clarify how being alone really affects the human mind. It is common to treat loneliness and solitude as synonyms (同义词), but they are not. The author suggests that what is negatively described as one state can be positively expressed as the other. Loneliness, often perceived as negative, can potentially be transformed into a positive experience of solitude. To this end he emphasizes how being alone can help restore people and offers practical advice. In a noisy world, he argues, people should make time to be alone, away from attention-grabbing motives. The book’s interviewees mostly regard a lack of company as a contributor to autonomy (自主). But this depends on whether solitude is desirable or not. Enforced solitude, such as that experienced by prisoners, typically leads to nothing but suffering. Elective solitude, by contrast, affords space for self-reflection. It can open the door to “peak experiences” such as wonder, harmony, and happiness. However, it is a pity that in a highly-connected digital age, many readers don’t like their chances of ever taking a long enough break to have such experiences. 1．How does paragraph 1 introduce the concept of loneliness? A．By tracing its development. B．By analyzing causes. C．By making a point to be argued. D．By sharing a romantic story. 2．What does Netta Weinstein’s book Solitude focus on? A．The various terms of solitude. B．The societal impact of solitude. C．The long-standing history of solitude. D．The psychological benefits of solitude. 3．Netta describes the state of loneliness as _______. A．stressful B．essential C．changeable D．harmful 4．What does Netta most probably agree with according to the last paragraph? A．Enforced solitude is a matter of choice. B．Enforced solitude contributes to autonomy. C．Elective solitude is rare in the digital world. D．Elective solitude interrupts peak experiences. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了独处与孤独的区别，并强调独处对个人成长的重要性。通过历史人物的故事和科学研究，作者提倡在喧嚣世界中寻找独处时光，以恢复内心并享受自我反思的益处。 1． 推理判断题。由文章第一段“It is William Shakespeare, the great coiner, who is given credit for the word. Coriolanus, one of his characters, compares going into exile(流放)to a ‘lonely dragon’retiring to his cave. He was talking about a physical state: someone who was lonely was simply alone. Then, thanks to the Romantic poets, the word took on emotional meanings. Loneliness became a condition of the soul. For William Wordsworth, who famously ‘wandered lonely as a cloud’, the natural world offered an escape from negative feelings of loneliness—a host of flowers could provide ‘cheerful company’. Today, loneliness is often seen as a serious public-health problem, creating the feeling of disconnection.(这个词被认为是由伟大的造币者威廉·莎士比亚创造的。科里奥兰纳斯，他的角色之一，把流亡比作一条‘孤独的龙’隐居在他的洞穴里。他说的是一种生理状态：孤独的人只是一个人。然后，感谢浪漫主义诗人，这个词有了情感意义。孤独成了灵魂的一种状态。对于以‘像一朵云一样孤独地漫游’而闻名的威廉·华兹华斯来说，大自然提供了一种逃离消极孤独感的方式——一群花可以提供‘愉快的陪伴’。如今，孤独常常被视为一个严重的公共健康问题，它会造成一种与外界脱节的感觉。)”可知，第一段通过回顾从莎士比亚最初使用“孤独”一词描述单纯的物理上的独处状态，到浪漫主义诗人将其含义扩展到心灵层面的过程，追溯了“孤独”概念的发展。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。由文章第二段“In his book Solitude, Netta Weinstein, a psychology professor wonders the rewards of time spent alone. He begins with an account of stories of solitude created by figures such as Michel Montaigne, a writer, and Edward Hopper, a painter. Netta then draw on laboratory work, interviews and surveys to clarify how being alone really affects the human mind. (心理学教授Netta Weinstein在他的《孤独》一书中想知道独处时间的回报。他首先讲述了作家 Michel Montaigne和画家Edward Hopper等人物创作的孤独故事。然后，Netta利用实验室工作、访谈和调查来阐明独处是如何真正影响人类思维的。)”可知，《孤独》一书着重探讨了独处时间对人心理的正面影响，通过历史人物的故事、实验室研究、访谈和调查数据来阐明独处如何真正作用于人的心理。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Loneliness, often perceived as negative, can potentially be transformed into a positive experience of solitude.(孤独，通常被认为是消极的，可以潜在地转化为积极的孤独体验。)”可知，孤独的状态是可以改变的。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Elective solitude, by contrast, affords space for self-reflection. It can open the door to ‘peak experiences’ such as wonder, harmony, and happiness. However, it is a pity that in a highly-connected digital age, many readers don’t like their chances of ever taking a long enough break to have such experiences.(相比之下，选择性的独处提供了自我反思的空间。它可以打开通往‘巅峰体验’的大门，比如奇迹、和谐和幸福。然而，遗憾的是，在一个高度互联的数字时代，许多读者不喜欢他们有足够长的休息时间来体验这种体验。)”可知，Netta可能同意的一个观点是在高度互联的数字时代，许多读者认为自己不太可能有足够长的时间中断来体验“巅峰时刻”，暗示在这样的环境下，人们主动选择的、有利于自我反思的独处变得较为少见，即选择性独处在数字世界中是罕见的。故选C项。 Part4 说明文 Passage1 （2023-2024成都蓉城联考高二下期末） Billionaire Elon Musk on Wednesday announced that he has formed a new artificial intelligence (AI) company, xAI, which has employed researchers from Google, OpenAI and other top technology companies. The goal, Musk tweeted, is “to understand reality.” Musk isn’t a novice to AI given that Tesla uses the technology in its cars. While xAI didn’t mention what projects it will be working on, the company noted that its team of 11 researchers are draw n from top tech companies such as Microsoft Research, OpenAI and Google. Musk suggested that the reason he picked July 12, 2023, to announce the start of xAI is connected with a science fiction classic, Douglas Adams’ The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy. In his tweet, he noted that adding the date 7-12-23 equals 42, which the work of the fiction famously assumes is the answer to life. The company said it will be advised by Dan Hendrycks, director of the Center for AI Safety. Hendrycks pointed out where AI could cause problems. “AIs could be used by bad people to make new deadly bioweapons,” Hendrycks said in May. “Or people could make AI that tries to hurt people on purpose. If this AI was really smart, it could be a big danger to all of us.” The first time xAI was shown to the public was after Musk talked about it in April to the former Fox News host Tucker Carlson. Musk told Carlson that OpenAI’s ChatGPT was a bit restricted and that he wanted to create a different tool that would be a super honest AI that tries to learn how everything in the world works. The startup reflected Musk’s long-voiced concerns about a future in which AI systems could present an existential risk to humanity. Musk said the idea is that an AI that wants to understand humanity is less likely to des troy it. 8. What does the underlined word “novice” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Director. B. Supporter. C. Partner. D. Beginner. 9. Why is Douglas Adams mentioned in Paragraph 3? A. He was a friend of Musk. B. His book was very famous. C. He was a guide of the start of xAI. D. He was connected with the announcing date. 10. Why did Musk talk to Tucker Carlson? A. To make xAI popular. B. To explain why he started xAI. C. To show how xAI works. D. To criticize OpenAI’s ChatGPT. 11. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Creating an honest AI is Musk’s dream. B. It is difficult to control AI systems. C. Musk worries about the danger of AI. D. AI has trouble understanding humanity. 【答案】8. D 9. D 10. B 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述马斯克创办了xAI公司来探究世界万物的真理，以及xAI公司创办过程的一些相关报道。 【8题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“Musk isn’t a… to AI given that Tesla uses the technology in its cars.(鉴于特斯拉车上就使用了这项科技，马斯克并不是AI方面的……) 可推测，马斯克对于人工智能并不陌生，即他对人工智能有相当的了解或经验。因此，划线词在此处最可能的含义是“新手，初学者”，故选D。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“In his tweet, he noted that adding the date 7-12-23 equals 42, which the work of the fiction famously assumes is the answer to life.(马斯克在推特中指出把日期里的数字相加等于42，正是那部著名小说中假定的生命的答案)”。由此可知，马斯克提到道格拉斯·亚当斯是因为他选择在2023年7月12日宣布xAI启动的日期与《银河系漫游指南》这部科幻小说有关，书中42被认为是生命、宇宙及一切的答案，而这个日期的数字相加也恰好等于42。因此，提及道格拉斯·亚当斯是因为他与宣布启动xAI的日期选择有关，故选D。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Musk told Carlson that Open AI’s ChatGPT was a bit restricted and that he wanted to create a different tool that would be a super honest AI that tries to learn how everything in the world works(马斯克告诉卡尔森OpenAI公司的ChatGPT比较受限制，他想要创造一个不同的工具，一个能去学习世间万物真理的非常忠实的AI)”可知，马斯克在解释他创办xAI的原因，故选B。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The startup reflected Musk’s long-voiced concerns about a future in which AI systems could present an existential risk to humanity(这个新公司反映了马斯克明显的担忧，未来AI系统可能会带来关乎人类存亡的风险)”，可推测出这段话主要表达了马斯克对于AI的担忧，故选C。 Passage 2 Blind people have long desired for brightness but scientists don’t have the technology. To bring that one step closer to reality, Zhiyong Fan, a material scientist of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, developed a new artificial eye recently. The device, which is about as sensitive to light and has sharper vision and a faster reaction time than a real eyeball, may outperform human eyes. The human eye owes its wide field of view and clear eyesight to the retina (视网膜) — an area at the back of the eyeball covered in light-detecting cells. The design for a new artificial eye is based on the structure of the human eye and uses a friendly light-sensitive material. At the back of the eyeball, an artificial retina is lined with Nan scale light sensors (纳米级光感器). Those sensors measure light that passes through the lens (晶状体) at the front of the eye. Wires attached to the back of the retina send signals from those sensors to the processor, similar to the way nerve network s connect the eyeball to the brain. “In the future, we can use this to replace damaged human eyes,” says the lead designer. In theory, this artificial eye could see more clearly than the human eye, because the artificial retina contains about 460 million light sensors per square centimeter while a real retina has about 10 million light-detecting cells per square centimeter. Besides, the artificial eye ball records changes in lighting faster than human eyes can — within about 30 to 40 milliseconds, rather than 40 to 150 milliseconds. Although its 100-degree field of view isn’t as broad as the 150 degrees a human eye can take in, the device can see as well as the human eye in poor light. Hongrui Jiang, an electrical engineer at the University of Wisconsin, though, thinks engineers need a much more practical and efficient way to produce vast series of tiny wires on the back of the artificial eyeball to give it superhuman sight, which is super hard to achieve. 12. Why are blind people mentioned in paragraph 1? A. To explain their desire. B. To show sympathy for them. C. To introduce the topic. D. To compare them with normal people. 13. What is the function of Nan scale light sensors? A. They widen the field of view. B. They send signals to the processor. C. They connect the eyeball to the brain. D. They count the light passing through the lens. 14. What is the advantage of the artificial eye over the human eye? A. The artificial eye can see more clearly. B. The artificial eye has a stronger structure. C. The artificial eye takes in a broader view. D. The artificial eye sees better in weak light. 15. What is Hongrui Jiang’s attitude to the artificial eye? A. Objective. B. Favourable. C. Doubtful. D. Optimistic. 【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了香港科技大学的一位科学家开发的人工眼帮助盲人重获光明。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Blind people have long desired for brightness, but scientists don’t have the technology. To bring that one step close r to reality, Zhiyong Fan, a material scientist of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, developed a new artificial eye recently(盲人一直以来都渴望光明，但是科学家没有这样的技术。为了把这个愿望进一步变成现实，范志勇，一位香港科技大学的材料科学家，近期发明了一种新的人造眼睛)”可知，作者是提到盲人是为了引出本文的主题——人造眼睛，故选C。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Those sensors measure light that passes through the lens at the front of the eye. Wires attached to the back of the retina send signals from those sensors to the processor, similar to the way nerve network s connect the eyeball to the brain.(这些传感器测量穿过眼睛前部晶状体的光线。连接到视网膜背面的电线将信号从这些传感器发送到处理器，类似于神经网络将眼球连接到大脑的方式)”可知，纳米级光感器的功能是向处理器发送信号。故选B。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“this artificial eye could see more clearly than the human eye(这个人造眼睛能比人眼看的更清晰)”以及“the device can see as well as the human eye in poor light(这个设备在昏暗光线下跟人眼看的一样清晰)”可知，人造眼睛的优势在于看得更清晰。故选A。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hongrui Jiang, an electrical engineer at the University of Wisconsin, though, thinks engineers need a much more practical and efficient way to produce vast series of tiny wires on the back of the artificial eyeball to give it superhuman sight, which is super hard to achieve(然而，威斯康星大学的电气工程师江宏瑞认为，工程师们需要一种更实用、更高效的方法来在人造眼球背面制作大量微小导线，以赋予其超人般的视力，而这实现起来非常困难)”可知，工程师们需要一种更实际和有效的方法来生产大量的微型电线，用于人造眼球背后来提供超人类的视力，这是很难实现的，可推理出江宏瑞持怀疑的态度。故选C。 Passage3 Boys whose classmates think reading is for girls are more likely to perform poorly in this area, a new study suggests. To conduct the study, researchers tested a total of 1,508 fifth-grade students in 60 classes in Germany, who had an average age of 10. The children filled out questionnaires in which they ranked whether they thought boys or girls were better at reading, which gender read more, and which gender had more fun doing so. They also assessed their own enjoyment and skill in the activity, and completed reading tests. Past studies suggested the stereotypes (刻板印象) that reading is for girls and math is for boys are widespread, so the researchers wanted to see if this could contribute to a gap in skills. Their study revealed that boys who believed gender stereotypes about reading were less likely to see themselves as competent and motivated in this regard. The researchers also found boys whose classmates thought reading was for girls not only had similar attitudes about themselves, but also appeared to perform worse in tests. They discovered girls generally exhibited better reading and writing ability than boys as early as the fourth grade. And as they got older that achievement gap became increasingly obvious. At the same time, the gender stereotype didn’t appear to affect girls positively or negatively. However, the study’s authors acknowledged that their data might not be accurate as they relied on the children’s honesty. They’ll conduct further research. One of the authors of the study said, “To reduce socially determined gender disparities (不一致) in reading, it may help to create contexts that discourage students from acting on their stereotypical beliefs.” The study is the latest to examine how gender stereotypes affect young people. Late last year, a separate team of researchers found teaching teenage boys about gender equality could prevent them from being violent. 12. What were the children in the study asked to do? A. Read something aloud. B. Evaluate their reading ability. C. Learn to read for pleasure. D. Test their partners’ reading skills. 13. What results did the new study find concerning the gender stereotypes? A. Boys and girls had the same ability to learn. B. Gender gap widened even more with age. C. Reading was for girls and math was for boys. D. Math could make girls more competitive. 14. What was the new study’s limitation according to its authors? A. Their findings weren’t immediately applicable. B. They studied only small groups of school kids. C. The information they collected might be wrong. D. They only focused on the vast majority of boys. 15. What does the last paragraph talk about? A. Strengthening the concept of gender equality. B. Analyzing the harm of gender stereotypes. C. Methods of giving up stereotypical beliefs. D. Reasons for producing gender disparities. 【答案】12. B 13. B 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了，研究表明，如果男孩认为阅读适合女孩，那么这些男孩在阅读方面表现得更差。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The children filled out questionnaires in which they ranked whether they thought boys or girls were better at reading, which gender read more, and which gender had more fun doing so. They also assessed their own enjoyment and skill in the activity, and completed reading tests.(孩子填写了调查问卷，就他们认为男生或女生谁更擅长阅读进行排名，哪个性别阅读更多，哪个性别觉得阅读更有趣。他们也需要评估自己的在这一活动中的乐趣和技能，并完成了阅读测试。)”可知，研究中的孩子需要评估自己的阅读技巧和阅读乐趣，故选B。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“They discovered girls generally exhibited better reading and writing ability than boys as early as the fourth grade. And as they got older that achievement gap became increasingly obvious.(他们发现，早在四年级，女孩的阅读能力和写作能力就普遍高于男孩。随着年龄的增加，这种成就差距变得越来越明显。)”可知，随着年龄的增加，女孩与男孩之间的阅读能力和写作能力差距变得越来越明显，故关于阅读能力，性别差距随着年龄的增长，变得越来越大，故选B。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“However, the study’s authors acknowledged that their data might not be accurate as they relied on the children’s honesty.(然而，这项研究的作者承认，他们的数据可能并不准确，因为他们的研究依赖于孩子的诚实。)”可知，这项研究的作者承认，因为他们的研究依赖于孩子的诚实，因此数据并不一定准确，有可能是错误的，故选C。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“One of the authors of the study said, “To reduce socially determined gender disparities(不一致) in reading, it may help to create contexts that discourage students from acting on their stereotypical beliefs.” The study is the latest to examine how gender stereotypes affect young people. Late last year, a separate team of researchers found teaching teenage boys about gender equality could prevent them from being violent.(这项研究一位作者说道：“为了减少阅读中由社会决定的性别差异，这可能有助于创造背景，阻止学生按照他们的刻板印象行事。”这项研究是研究性别刻板印象如何影响年轻人的最新研究。去年年底，另一个研究小组发现，给十几岁的男孩传授性别平等的知识能阻止他们施暴。)”可知，最后一段主要介绍了这项研究有助于阻止学生按照刻板印象行事，强调男女平等，不存在阅读中的性别差异，且给十几岁的男孩传授性别平等的知识能阻止他们施暴，故本段强调性别平等，故选A。 Passage 4 The release of OpenAI’s Sora text-to-video AI tool last month was met with a mix of worries and excitement from researchers who are concerned about misuse of the technology. The California-based company showcased Sora’s ability to create photorealistic (超级现实主义的) videos from a few short text prompts (提示词), with examples including clips of a woman walking down a neon-lit (霓虹灯闪烁的) street in Tokyo and a dog jumping between two windowsills. Tracy Harwood, a digital-culture specialist at De Montfort University in Leicester, UK, says she is “shocked” by the speed at which text-to-video artificial intelligence (AI) has developed. A year ago, people were laughing at an AI-produced video of the US actor Will Smith eating spaghetti. Now some researchers are worried that the technology could upend global politics in 2024. OpenAI, which also developed ChatGPT and the text-to-image technology DALL·E, first released Sora on 15 February, announcing that it was making the technology “available to red teamers to assess critical areas for harms or risks”. Red teaming’ refers to the process of conducting simulated attacks (模拟攻击) or exploration of a technology to see how it would cope with criminal activity, such as the creation of misinformation and hateful content, in the real world. Sora isn’t the first example of text-to-video technology; others include Gen-2, produced by Runway in New York City and released last year, and the Google-led Lumiere, announced in January. Harwood says she has been “underwhelmed” by some of these other products. “They are becoming more and more ordinary in what they present to you,” she says, adding that the programs require very specific prompts to get them to produce compelling (引人入胜的，可信的) content. Misinformation is a major challenge for these text-to-video technologies, Harwood adds. “We’re going to very quickly reach a point in which we are flooded with a barrage of (一连串) really compelling-looking information. That’s really worrying.” 12. Why did some researchers worry about the the release of Sora? A. Because the videos Sora creates will be untrue. B. Because Sora needs many prompts to create videos. C. Because they are worried about the misuse of technology. D. Because they don’t have ability to create videos themselves. 13. What does the underlined word “upend” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Overturn. B. Update. C. Overcome. D. Disturb 14. What can we know about Sora from the passage? A. Sora is the first example of its kind. B. Sora may be helpful in real world. C. Sora is flooded with misinformation. D. Sora is an ordinary product of its kind. 15. What does the text mainly talk about? A. The release of Sora raised questions. B. Sora is a new t hreat to global politics. C. Sora becomes a vital tool to create videos. D. Misinformation is a major challenge for Sora. 【答案】12. C 13. A 14. B 15. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。OpenAI发布文本转视频AI工具Sora，引发研究人员对其潜在滥用风险的担忧，担心该技术加速制造逼真假信息，影响2024年全球政治。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第一段中“The release of OpenAI’s Sora text-to-video AI tool last month was met with a mix of worries and excitement from researchers who are concerned about misuse of the technology. (上个月，OpenAI的Sora文本到视频人工智能工具的发布让研究人员既兴奋又担忧，他们担心该技术被滥用。)”可知，一些研究者担心Sora的发布是因为他们担忧该技术可能被滥用。故选C。 【13题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Tracy Harwood, a digital-culture specialist at De Montfort University in Leicester, UK, says she is “shocked” by the speed at which text-to-video artificial intelligence (AI) has developed. A year ago, people were laughing at an AI-produced video of the US actor Will Smith eating spaghetti. Now some researchers are worried that the technology could... (特雷西·哈伍德是英国莱斯特德蒙福特大学的数字文化专家，她说她对文本到视频的人工智能（AI）的发展速度感到“震惊”。一年前，美国演员威尔·史密斯吃意大利面的人工智能视频引起了人们的大笑。现在一些研究人员担心，这项技术可能会……)”，此处表达的是对技术可能在2024年对全球政治产生的重大影响的担忧，因此upend应为“颠覆”。A. Overturn翻转，颠覆；B. Update更新；C. Overcome克服；D. Disturb干扰。故选A。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。从文章第三段“OpenAI, which also developed ChatGPT and the text-to-image technology DALL·E, first released Sora on 15 February, announcing that it was making the technology “available to red teamers to assess critical areas for harms or risks”. (OpenAI还开发了ChatGPT和文本到图像技术DALL·E，于2月15日首次发布了Sora，宣布它将使该技术“可供红队使用，以评估关键区域的危害或风险”。)”可以看出，Sora可能在现实世界中对于评估潜在的危害和风险有所帮助。故选B。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章第一段中“The release of OpenAI’s Sora text-to-video AI tool last month was met with a mix of worries and excitement from researchers who are concerned about misuse of the technology. (上个月，OpenAI的Sora文本到视频人工智能工具的发布让研究人员既兴奋又担忧，他们担心该技术被滥用。)”可知，文章主要围绕Sora这一文本转视频AI工具的发布引起的担忧和其潜在的影响进行讨论，特别是对其可能被滥用以及产生误导信息的担忧。因此，最合适的文章主旨是选项A“The release of Sora raised questions (Sora的发布引发了质疑。)”，故选A Passage 5 Food has always been an integral part of human culture. The way we prepare, consume, and share food reflects our traditions, values, and beliefs. When people from different cultures come together, food becomes a powerful tool for cultural exchange. It allows individuals to share their cooking traditions, learn about new flavors, and appreciate the diversity of cuisines. One example of how food bridges cultural gaps is the popularity of ethnic restaurants. These establishments offer a taste of different cultures, allowing people to explore new cuisines and experience the traditions related to them. Whether it’s a Mexican taqueria, an Indian curry house, or a Japanese sushi bar, these restaurants provide a platform where customers can try new dishes, learn about the ingredients and cooking techniques, and gain a deeper understanding of the culture behind the food. Culinary events also play a crucial role in promoting cultural exchange. These gatherings bring together people from diverse backgrounds, showcasing the richness and diversity of different cuisines. Visitors can try a wide range of dishes, attend cooking demonstrations (演示), and engage in conversations with chefs and food enthusiasts. These events create a sense of community and help develop cross-cultural understanding. Moreover, the act of cooking and sharing food can be a powerful way to connect with others. When we invite someone into our homes and cook a meal for them, we are not only providing their bodies with energy but also sharing a part of our cultural identity. Through food, we can communicate our values, traditions, and heritage. It allows us to break down barriers and build relationships based on mutual respect and appreciation. In today’s globalized world, where people from different cultures often live side by side, food becomes even more important in bridging cultural gaps. It provides a common ground where people can come together, celebrate their differences, and find commonalities. 32. Why are ethnic restaurants popular? A. They serve new food flavors. B. They offer cultural exchange. C. They set up cooking platforms. D. They teach cooking techniques. 33. What do the underlined words “culinary events” in paragraph 4 most likely mean? A. Lectures on healthy eating habits. B. Professional cooking competitions. C. Food-related cultural festivals or activities. D. Cooking classes teaching traditional recipes. 34. How does the author develop the text? A. Using scientific data. B. Using many examples. C. Comparing old and new. D. Quoting famous opinions. 35. What is the main idea of the text? A. Globalization gives cuisines identities. B. Traditional cuisines should be protected. C. Restaurants are the best cultural teachers. D. Sharing food breaks down cultural barriers. 【答案】32. B 33. C 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了食物在文化交流中的重要作用，指出民族餐馆、烹饪活动等都能借助食物促进文化交流，打破文化障碍。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“One example of how food bridges cultural gaps is the popularity of ethnic restaurants. These establishments offer a taste of different cultures, allowing people to explore new cuisines and experience the traditions related to them.(食物如何弥合文化差距的一个例子是民族餐馆的受欢迎程度。这些场所提供不同文化的风味，让人们探索新的美食并体验与之相关的传统)”可知，民族餐馆受欢迎是因为它们能弥合文化差距，提供文化交流的机会。故选B项。 【33题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Culinary events also play a crucial role in promoting cultural exchange. These gatherings bring together people from diverse backgrounds, showcasing the richness and diversity of different cuisines. Visitors can try a wide range of dishes, attend cooking demonstrations, and engage in conversations with chefs and food enthusiasts.(Culinary events在促进文化交流方面也发挥着至关重要的作用。这些聚会将来自不同背景的人聚集在一起，展示了不同美食的丰富性和多样性。游客可以品尝各种各样的菜肴，参加烹饪演示，并与厨师和美食爱好者交流)”和指代关系可知，划线短语“Culinary events”与下文中“These gatherings”构成指代关系，指的是与食物相关的文化节日或活动。故选C项。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“One example of how food bridges cultural gaps is the popularity of ethnic restaurants. These establishments offer a taste of different cultures, allowing people to explore new cuisines and experience the traditions related to them. Whether it’s a Mexican taqueria, an Indian curry house, or a Japanese sushi bar, these restaurants provide a platform where customers can try new dishes, learn about the ingredients and cooking techniques, and gain a deeper understanding of the culture behind the food.(食物如何弥合文化差距的一个例子是民族餐馆的受欢迎程度。这些场所提供不同文化的风味，让人们探索新的美食并体验与之相关的传统。无论是墨西哥玉米卷店、印度咖喱店还是日本寿司店，这些餐馆都为顾客提供了一个可以尝试新菜肴、了解食材和烹饪技巧，并更深入地了解食物背后文化的平台)”以及第四段“Culinary events also play a crucial role in promoting cultural exchange. These gatherings bring together people from diverse backgrounds, showcasing the richness and diversity of different cuisines. Visitors can try a wide range of dishes, attend cooking demonstrations, and engage in conversations with chefs and food enthusiasts. These events create a sense of community and help develop cross cultural understanding.(烹饪活动在促进文化交流方面也起着至关重要的作用。这些聚会将来自不同背景的人聚集在一起，展示了不同美食的丰富性和多样性。游客可以品尝各种各样的菜肴，参加烹饪演示，并与厨师和美食爱好者交流。这些活动营造了一种社区感，有助于增进跨文化理解)”可知，作者是通过列举例子的方式来展开文本。故选B项。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段中“When people from different cultures come together, food becomes a powerful tool for cultural exchange.(当来自不同文化背景的人们走到一起时，食物成为文化交流的有力工具)”、第四段中“Culinary events also play a crucial role in promoting cultural exchange.(烹饪活动在促进文化交流方面也发挥着至关重要的作用)”和最后一段中“In today’s globalized world, where people from different cultures often live side by side, food becomes even more important in bridging cultural gaps. It provides a common ground where people can come together, celebrate their differences, and find commonalities.(在当今全球化的世界里，来自不同文化的人经常生活在一起，食物在弥合文化差距方面变得更加重要。它提供了一个人们可以聚在一起、庆祝差异并找到共同点的平台)”可知，本文主要讲的是分享食物能打破文化障碍。故选D项。 Passage 3 At 6 a. m. in an English village, hundreds of pinkish white sows are waking up for breakfast. But first, they have to get their pictures taken. As each pig squeezes into her feeding area, a tiny camera snaps a photo of her face. And in less than 1 second, an artificial intelligence system identifies her based on facial features. Armed with that information, the system orders a customized meal to shoot into the trough (食槽). Meanwhile the system continues to analyze her photo, looking for negative signs in her facial expression that she might be in pain, sick, or in emotional distress. If it finds any, it sends an immediate alert to the farmer — the guy enjoying a morning coffee over in the next room. These hungry piggies are the testers of Intellipig, a system being developed by scientists to deal with a fundamental problem in animal welfare: we human beings are just not the best at understanding how animals are feeling. Tools like Intellipig could usher in (开启) a new era of caring for animals that gives higher priority to their health, welfare, and protection, says Melvyn Smith, an engineer leading the design of the Intellipig system. There are indications that they could go even further. Eventually, AI might even outshine humans in interpreting a range of more complex emotions like happiness, frustration, or fear, he says — feelings that are equally important to understand if we are to give animals the best possible lives. But like most scientists considering the powers of AI, animal behavior researchers worry about putting too much stock in machines, especially when animal welfare is at risk. “Maybe a machine will end up being better than us; I don’t know,” says Emma Baxter, an animal behavior scientist. “I hope there’s room for experts, to make sure that the AI is actually doing what it says it is.” 8. What can the Intellipig system do automatically? A. Monitor pigs’ well-being. B. Clean pigs’ living spaces. C. Deliver medical services to pigs. D. Provide standardized diets for pigs. 9. What is Melvyn Smith’s attitude towards AI’s role in animal care? A. Objective. B. Skeptical. C. Cautious. D. Positive. 10. What approach does Emma Baxter support when it comes to AI and animal care? A. Banning the use of AL B. Restricting AI to basic tasks. C. Keeping professionals involved. D. Minimizing human intervention. 11. What is the best title for the text? A. Intellipig: AI Provides 24/7 Animal Care B. Intellipig: AI Can Understand Animal Speech C. Intellipig: AI Replaces Farmers in Animal Care D. Intellipig: AI Assists in Detecting Animal Emotions 【答案】8. A 9. D 10. C 11. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了Intellipig通过面部识别技术对猪食物和情绪方面的全面照顾。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Meanwhile, the system continues to analyze her photo, looking for negative signs in her facial expression that she might be in pain, sick, or in emotional distress. If it finds any, it sends an immediate alert to the farmer — the guy enjoying a morning coffee over in the next room.(与此同时，系统继续分析她的照片，在她的面部表情中寻找她可能疼痛、生病或情绪低落的负面迹象。如果发现了，它会立即向在隔壁房间喝咖啡的农民发出警报)”可知，Intellipig系统能够自动监测猪的健康状况，包括身体和情绪方面，故选A。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Tools like Intellipig could usher in (开启) a new era of caring for animals that gives higher priority to their health, welfare, and protection, says Melvyn Smith, an engineer leading the design of the Intellipig system. There are indications that they could go even further. Eventually, AI might even outshine humans in interpreting a range of more complex emotions like happiness, frustration, or fear, he says — feelings that are equally important to understand if we are to give animals the best possible lives.(负责设计Intellipig系统的工程师梅尔文·史密斯说，像Intellipig这样的工具可以开创一个照顾动物的新时代，把它们的健康、福利和保护放在首位。有迹象表明，他们可能走得更远。他说，最终，人工智能甚至可能在解释幸福、沮丧或恐惧等一系列更复杂的情绪方面超过人类，如果我们要给动物最好的生活，这些情绪对理解同样重要)”可推知，Melvyn Smith对人工智能在动物护理方面持积极乐观态度，故选D。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“I hope there’s room for experts, to make sure that the AI is actually doing what it says it is.(我希望有专家参与的空间，以确保人工智能确实在做它所说的事情)”可推知，她希望专业人士仍然参与其中，以确保AI系统发挥应有作用，故选C。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Meanwhile, the system continues to analyze her photo, looking for negative signs in her facial expression that she might be in pain, sick, or in emotional distress. If it finds any, it sends an immediate alert to the farmer — the guy enjoying a morning coffee over in the next room.(与此同时，系统继续分析她的照片，在她的面部表情中寻找她可能疼痛、生病或情绪低落的负面迹象。如果发现了，它会立即向在隔壁房间喝咖啡的农民发出警报)”以及文章重点介绍了AI如何通过识别动物面部特征来判断情绪和健康状态，而不是提供全天候照料或替代农场主，D选项“Intellipig：人工智能协助检测动物情绪”准确概括了文章的主要内容，是文章最佳标题。故选D。 Passage 6 Recently, the growing eyebrow blindness has caused many TikTok users to complain on the platform: Are makeup enthusiasts able to tell if they’re blindly chasing makeup trends or actually wearing what really looks good on their faces. While “eyebrow blindness” and other forms of “beauty blindness” aren’t officially regarded as mental health issues, the tendency of people to follow trends, even making them look foolish or taking risks, is undeniably a real thing. So, what does psychology say about trend-following? Following trends isn’t an indication of a weak character or a mental health problem, says psychologist Pamela Rutledge; it’s completely normal. The root of that lies in humans’ fundamental need of social connections. Multiple psychological theories indicate that human social connections are as crucial as basic necessities like food and shelter, as humans have evolved to depend on one another for survival. But why do trends hold such a strong pull? “Our brains are programmed to notice the unusual,” Rutledge explains. Consequently, we pay attention to those who stand out and attract attention, making trends even more enticing for those brave enough to embrace them. No one is immune to following fashions, noticing trends, or demonstrating their real belonging to social groups. However, there is one specific group that is even easier to following trends, even risky ones: Tweens, teens and young adults. As children begin to move towards adult independence, they seek ways to express their individuality. This can sometimes lead to desperate efforts to prove their affiliation (从属关系) with socially credible groups and can fuel desire to stand out by riding the wave of trends. So, next time you do makeup, get dressed, order food in public, or buy a car, bear in mind that your decision might not be as personalized as you think. “It’s essentially an inborn response, which can be explained by our need to fit in with or stand out from the crowd,” says Pamela. 12. Why is “eyebrow blindness” mentioned? A. It illustrates a kind of makeup. B. It contrasts with “beauty blindness”. C. It brings out the text’s core argument. D. It highlights the importance of beauty. 13. What does the underlined word “enticing” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Important. B. Demanding. C. Appealing. D. Dangerous. 14. Why are youngsters more likely to follow trends? A. They are always seeking adventures. B. They tend to show their social status. C. They are easily affected by social pressure. D. They pursue uniqueness and social recognition. 15. What does Pamela emphasize in the end? A. Social groups decide our behavior. B. Tweens and teens are trend-setters. C. Individuality stands out above trends. D. Trend-following is a natural behavior. 【答案】12. C 13. C 14. D 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过“eyebrow blindness”现象引出人们跟风潮流这一话题，并从心理学角度分析了人们跟风潮流的原因，以及青少年更易跟风潮流的原因。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。纵览全文可知，文章首段首句提到 “Recently, the growing eyebrow blindness has caused many TikTok users to complain on the platform: Are makeup enthusiasts able to tell if they’re blindly chasing makeup trends or actually wearing what really looks good on their faces. (最近，日益严重的“eyebrow blindness”现象引发了许多抖音用户在平台上抱怨：美妆爱好者们能否分辨自己是在盲目追逐美妆潮流，还是真的化了适合自己脸型的妆容)”引出了“eyebrow blindness”这一现象，接着指出虽然“eyebrow blindness”和其他“美丽盲目跟风”形式未被正式视为心理健康问题，但人们跟风潮流的倾向确实存在。后文则围绕人们跟风潮流的原因等展开论述，所以提到“eyebrow blindness”是为了引出文章的核心论点，即人们跟风潮流这一现象及其背后的原因等。故选C项。 【13题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段第二、三句““Our brains are programmed to notice the unusual,” Rutledge explains. Consequently, we pay attention to those who stand out and attract attention, making trends even more enticing for those brave enough to embrace them. (“我们的大脑生来就会留意不同寻常之事，”拉特利奇解释道。因此，我们会关注那些脱颖而出、引人注目的人，这使得潮流对那些有勇气接受它们的人来说更具吸引力)”可知，我们的大脑会注意到不寻常的事物，所以我们会关注那些突出且引人注意的事物，这使得潮流对于那些有足够勇气接受它们的人来说更具吸引力。由此可推测出enticing应与appealing意思相近，意为“有吸引力的”。故选C项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段后两句“As children begin to move towards adult independence, they seek ways to express their individuality. This can sometimes lead to desperate efforts to prove their affiliation (从属关系) with socially credible groups and can fuel desire to stand out by riding the wave of trends. (随着孩子们开始走向成年独立，他们会寻找表达个性的方式。这有时可能导致他们拼命努力证明自己与社会认可的群体的从属关系，还可能激发他们通过赶潮流来脱颖而出的欲望)”可推知，青少年更有可能追随潮流是因为他们追求独特性和社会认可。故选D项。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句““It’s essentially an inborn response, which can be explained by our need to fit in with or stand out from the crowd,” says Pamela. (帕梅拉说：“这本质上是一种天生的反应，这可以用我们融入群体或脱颖而出的需求来解释。”)”可知，Pamela强调追随潮流本质上是一种天生的反应，这可以用我们融入人群或从人群中脱颖而出的需求来解释，即追随潮流是一种自然的行为。故选D项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$