精品解析：上海市大同中学2024-2025学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题

2024-2025学年第二学期期中考试试卷 高一英语 90分钟 满分100分 II. Grammar and Vocabulary（20%） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Even for chatbots the blues. According to a new study, OpenAI’s artificial intelligence tool ChatGPT shows signs of anxiety when its users share “traumatic (创伤性) narratives” about accidents. And when chatbots get stressed out, they are less likely to be useful in therapeutic settings with people. The bot’s anxiety levels can be brought down, however, with the same mindfulness exercises that ____1____ (show) to work on humans. Increasingly, people are trying chatbots for talk therapy. The researchers said the trend is bound to accelerate, with flesh-and-blood therapists ____2____ high demand but short supply. As the chatbots become more complex, they should be built with “a strong will to deal with difficult emotional situations.” AI systems like ChatGPT use large language models trained on vast amounts of internet text ____3____ imitates how human converse. Sometimes, the chatbots can be extremely convincing. The researchers tested ChatGPT with a questionnaire, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory that is often used in mental health care. ____4____ (adjust) the chatbot’s base line emotional states, the researchers first asked it to read from a dull vacuum cleaner manual. Then, the A.I. therapist was given one of five “traumatic narratives” that described, for example, a soldier in a disastrous firefight or a thief ____5____ (break) into an apartment. The chatbot was then given the questionnaire, which measures anxiety on a scale of 20 to 80, with 60 or above indicating severe anxiety. ChatGPT scored a 30.8 after reading the vacuum cleaner manual and spoke to a 77.2 after the military scenario. The bot was then given various tests for “mindfulness based relaxation”. Those included prompts such as: “Breathe in deeply ____6____ (take) in the scent of a gentle breeze, and picture yourself on a tropical beach, the soft, warm sand cushioning your feet.” After ____7____ (process) those exercises, the therapy chatbot’s anxiety score fell to a 4.4. The researchers then asked it to write its own relaxation prompt based on the ones it ____8____ (feed) . “That was actually the most effective prompt to reduce its anxiety almost to base line,” Dr. Ben -Zion said. Although the study showed chatbots ____9____ act as assistants to human therapy and calls for careful oversight, that was not enough for James D. Robson, a law and science scholar who is an associate at artificial intelligence at Dartmouth College, “people who use these sorts of chatbots should be fully informed about exactly _____10_____ they were trained.” “Trust in language models depends upon knowing something about their origins,” he said. 【答案】1. have been shown 2. in 3. that##which 4. To adjust 5. breaking 6. take 7. processing 8. had been fed 9. can 10. how 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究发现：ChatGPT在面对用户分享的创伤性叙事时会出现焦虑迹象，影响其在治疗场景中的作用，而正念练习可降低其焦虑水平，同时研究还涉及测试过程及使用提醒。 【1题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：然而，同样的正念练习已被证明对人类有效，也可以降低机器人的焦虑水平。that引导定语从句修饰先行词mindfulness exercises，exercises与show之间是被动关系，且强调对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时的被动语态，that指代的先行词mindfulness exercises是复数，谓语动词使用have been shown。故填have been shown。 【2题详解】 考查介词。句意：研究人员表示，由于对真人治疗师的需求很大但供应不足，这一趋势必然会加速。“in high demand”为固定短语，意为“需求量大”。故填in。 【3题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：像ChatGPT这样的人工智能系统使用在大量互联网文本上训练的大型语言模型，这些模型模仿人类对话的方式。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“large language models”，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，可用关系代词that或which来引导。故填that/which。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了调整聊天机器人的基线情绪状态，研究人员首先让它阅读一本枯燥的吸尘器使用手册。此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填To adjust。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：然后，人工智能治疗师会收到五个“创伤性叙事”中的一个，例如，描述一名士兵在一场灾难性的交火中，或者一名小偷闯入公寓。根据or前面的“a soldier in a disastrous firefight”可知，or后面应与其结构一直，即应用非谓语动词作定语，修饰前面的名词thief，“thief”与“break into”是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填breaking。 【6题详解】 考查祈使句。句意：其中包括这样的提示：“深呼吸，吸入微风的气息，想象自己在热带海滩上，柔软温暖的沙子垫着你的脚。”“Breathe in deeply”“____6____ (take) in the scent of a gentle breeze”和“picture yourself on a tropical beach”为并列的祈使句，所以空处应用动词原形形式。故填take。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在进行这些练习后，治疗聊天机器人的焦虑评分降至4.4。“after”是介词，后接动名词processing作宾语。故填processing。 【8题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：研究人员随后要求它根据输入的内容自己编写放松提示。“it”与“feed”是被动关系，且“被输入”动作发生在“asked”之前，是“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been fed。 【9题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：尽管这项研究表明聊天机器人可以作为人类治疗的助手，并呼吁进行仔细监督。根据语境可知，此处表示“能够”，应用情态动词can。故填can。 【10题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：使用这类聊天机器人的人应该充分了解它们是如何训练的。“____10____ they were trained”作介词“about”的宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，应用how引导从句。故填how。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. combined B. destination C. charged D. seek E. matters F. ranges G. film H. bear I. measure J demand K. inquiry “The writer of this piece deserves a big raise.” says Bret “The Hitman” Hart, a professional wrestler from the 1990s. “He is the best there is, the best there was, the best there ever will be,” he adds, echoing his old catchphrase. Your correspondent paid Mr Hart $150 to sing his praises. Mr Hart is one of over 10,000 celebrities (名人) on Cameo, an online service where anyone can commission (委托) famous people to ____11____ short messages. Its popularity has suddenly increased as celebrities ____12____ new sources of income and consumers look for ways to spend money. Last year they paid some $100m for 1.3m videos, more than in the previous three years ____13____. Talent on the site ____14____ from Jack Nichlaus, a golfer ($1,000 per clip), and Vicente Fox, a former president of Mexico ($300), to Barkley the Dog, a dog ($5). Cameo, like Uber, is a two- sided market. But most Uber users don’t care what car shows up, as long as it is clean, safe and gets them to their ____15____. On Cameo, the emotional connection between a fan and a star ____16____. “The price that a market will ____17____ depends on the value being created for a potential customer,” says Jill Avery, a professor at Harvard Business School who has studied how online influencers price themselves. But “value” is hard to ____18____ when it comes down to emotion. How do celebrities figure out their fees? One way is through a simple opportunity-cost calculation. Steven Galanis, Cameo’s boss, recalls speaking to a basketball player on an annual $25m contract. For a 40-hour work week with a fortnight of holiday, that is $208 per minute. “If he ____19____ $100 and did two or three a minute, he could make more money on Cameo,” says Mr Galanis Most celebrities are freelance (自由职业者), though. They can try one of two strategies, says Ms Avery. One is “price skimming” — starting high and then lowering the price as _____20_____ decreases. The second is “price penetration”, pricing low to maximise volume. Celebrities often use both, depending on how much time they have. Another method is to test the market. This is surprisingly underused. Though celebrities can change their prices as often as they like, only about 30% have done so at least once, and less than 10% have done so more than five times. 【答案】11. G 12. D 13. A 14. F 15. B 16. E 17. H 18. I 19. C 20. J 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了在线服务Cameo的相关情况，包括其运作模式、受欢迎的原因、名人收费的方式以及定价策略等。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：哈特先生是Cameo 网站上1万多名名人中的一员，这是一个任何人都可以委托名人拍摄短视频的在线服务平台。根据“short messages” 可知，这里是说委托名人拍摄短视频，film“拍摄”符合语境。to后接动词原形构成不定式作目的状语。故填G。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：随着名人寻找新的收入来源，消费者也在寻找花钱的方式，它的受欢迎程度突然提高了。根据“new sources of income and consumers look for ways to spend money.”可知，seek有“寻找”之意，符合语境，作从句谓语，陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。故填D。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：去年，他们为 130 万个视频支付了约 1 亿美元，比前三年的总和还要多。动词combine“使结合，合并”符合句意，在这里是过去分词作后置定语，意为 “被加在一起，被合并”。故填A。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：该网站上的人才范围从高尔夫球手杰克・尼克劳斯（每段视频1000美元）、墨西哥前总统维森特・福克斯（300美元）到狗狗巴克利（5美元）。range from... to...是固定搭配，意为“ 范围不等从…… 到……”符合语境，陈述客观事实，为一般现在时，Talent作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数ranges。故填F。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：但大多数优步用户并不在乎来的是哪辆车，只要它干净、安全，能把他们送到目的地就行。根据 “gets them to their...” 可知，这里说的是把乘客送到目的地，destination意为 “目的地”符合语境，作宾语，故填B。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：在Cameo上，粉丝和明星之间的情感联系很重要。根据“the emotional connection”可知，粉丝和明星之间的情感联系很重要。matter“有关系；要紧” 符合语境，陈述客观事实，为一般现在时，connection作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。故填E。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：“市场所能承受的价格取决于为潜在客户创造的价值，”哈佛大学商学院教授吉尔・艾弗里说。根据“depends on the value being created for a potential customer”可知，指承受的价格。bear “承受；忍受” 符合语境，will后接动词原形。故填H。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：但当涉及到情感时，“价值”很难衡量。根据“when it comes down to emotion.”可知，“价值”很难衡量。measure“衡量；测量”，符合语境，to后接动词原形。故填I。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：“如果他收费100美元，每分钟做两三个，他在Cameo上就能赚更多的钱，” 加拉尼斯说。根据“he could make more money on Cameo”可知，此处指收费100美元。charge“收费” 符合语境。根据“did”可知，为一般过去时，故填C。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：一种是 “撇脂定价”—— 一开始定高价，然后随着需求减少而降低价格。根据“starting high and then lowering the price ” 可知，价格随着需求的减少而降低，demand “需求”符合语境，作主语，故填J。 III. Reading（39%） Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Truth be told, a life- changing college experience doesn’t begin or end with a high GPA or great university tour. And although parents and teachers alike work diligently to prep their students with the cutting-edge classes and impressive transcripts, they’re ____21____ one vital skill: emotional intelligence. A poll of 1,502 first-year college students in the U.S. found that a majority of them wish they had received more ____22____ preparation for college. Emotional preparedness is ____23____ “the ability to take care of oneself, adapt to new environments, ____24____ negative emotions or behavior and build positive relationship,” according to the survey. “Survey data indicate that college readiness requires far more than just a solid academic foundation — finding that seems ____25____ traditional higher education preparation,” said John McPhee, Executive Director of the Jed Foundation, which co- sponsored the survey. “It is clear that emotional preparedness should be better ____26____ the work that high school communities are doing to guide students through the transition into college.” Data show that college students ____27____ far more than their academics-- and their stress can take a serious toll (代价) on their ____28____ in school. Forty percent of survey participants felt pressure to pay for college expenses, followed by 30 percent who said their biggest ____29____ was to make new friends. ____30____, keeping in touch with family and friends not at their college (28 percent) and being independent (16 percent) also weighed heavily on college students’ shoulders. All of these ____31____ had a negative impact inside and outside of the classroom. Students who felt less emotionally prepared for college were more likely to have a lower grade point average, regularly ____32____ drugs and/or alcohol, and rate their overall college experience as terrible or poor. “As high school seniors start applying to college around this time of year, parents and people ____33____ in their lives can play an important role in helping children build confidence and life skills, said Marisa Glandella-Porco, Co-Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Jordan Porco Foundation, a survey co-sponsor. “It is important to ____34____ them to choose a college that best fits their needs first and foremost — not only in a(n) ____35____ sense, but also relative to emotional needs.” Thankfully, whether your child is packing up for school this fall or still in diapers, it’s never too late (or too early) to begin prepping them for university life. Here’s what parents should do to help their college-bound kid, starting now. 21. A. mastering B. employing C. forgetting D. preparing 22. A. emotional B. careful C. comprehensive D. active 23. A. compared with B. applied to C. adjusted to D. defined as 24. A. arouse B. control C. display D. hide 25. A. short of B. strict with C. contrary to D. proud of 26. A. reminded of B. combined with C. focused on D. devoted to 27. A. depend on B. worry about C. refer to D. respond to 28. A. performances B. grades C. subjects D. requirements 29. A. mistake B. decision C. event D. challenge 30. A. Otherwise B. Thus C. Besides D. However 31. A. pressures B. benefits C. behaviors D. thoughts 32. A. market B. ban C. consume D. produce 33. A. aggressive B. influential C. mysterious D. modest 34. A. offer B. guide C. warn D. command 35. A. good B. keen C. academic D. delicate 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. B 35. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。改变人生的大学生活并不是以高绩点或精彩的大学之旅开始或结束，尽管家长和老师都在努力为学生准备最先进的课程和令人印象深刻的成绩单，他们却忘记了一项重要的技能：情商。文章论述了大学生情商的重要性以及培养。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管家长和老师都在努力为学生准备最先进的课程和令人印象深刻的成绩单，他们却忘记了一项重要的技能：情商。A. mastering精通；B. employing雇佣；C. forgetting忘记；D. preparing准备。根据前句“Truth be told, a life-changing college experience doesn’t begin or end with a high GPA or great university tour.”以及下文可知，说实话，改变人生的大学经历并不是以高分或伟大的大学之旅开始或结束的，父母忘了准备一项重要的技能。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一项针对1502名美国大一新生的调查发现，大多数人都希望自己能对大学生活有更多的情感准备。A. emotional情感的；B. careful细心的；C. comprehensive综合的；D. active积极的。根据上段最后一句中的“emotional intelligence”可知，本句的意思是“大部分学生的大学生活需要情感上的准备”。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：情感准备被定义为“照顾自己、适应新环境、控制负面情绪或行为以及建立积极关系能力”。A. compared with与……相比较；B. applied to应用；C. adjusted to调整；D. defined as被定义为。根据下文“the ability to take care of oneself, adapt to new environments”可知，后文是Emotional preparedness的定义。故选D项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：情感准备被定义为“照顾自己、适应新环境、控制负面情绪或行为以及建立积极关系的能力”。A. arouse引起，唤醒；B. control控制；C. display显示，表现；D. hide躲藏。根据下文“negative emotions or behavior and build positive relationship”可推知，此处指要学会控制负面情感。故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：调查数据表明，大学的准备工作不仅需要坚实的学术基础，这一调查结果似乎与传统的高等教育准备相反。A. short of缺乏，短缺；B. strict with对某人严格；C. contrary to与……相反；D. proud of因……而自豪。根据上文“Survey data indicate that college readiness requires far more than just a solid academic foundation”可知，调查数据表明，大学的准备工作不仅需要坚实的学术基础，即这一调查结果似乎与传统的高等教育准备相反。故选C项。 【26题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：很明显，情感准备应该更好地与高中社区为引导学生过渡到大学所做的工作相结合。A. reminded of提醒；B. combined with联合；C. focused on集中于；D. devoted to致力于。根据后文“the work that high school communities are doing”可推知，此处指情感准备应该更好地与高中社区为引导学生过渡到大学所做的工作相结合。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：数据显示，大学生担心的远不止学业，他们的压力会严重影响他们在学校的表现。A. depend on依赖，依靠；B. worry about担忧；C. refer to参考，涉及；D. respond to回应。根据下文“their stress can take a serious toll”可知，学生的压力很大，所以应该是“担心”。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：数据显示，大学生担心的远不止学业，他们的压力会严重影响他们在学校的表现。A. performances演出，表现；B. grades等级，分数；C. subjects学科，科目；D. requirements要求。根据下文“Forty percent of survey participants felt pressure to pay for college expenses”可知，他们的压力会严重影响他们在学校的成绩，即“学业的表现”。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：40%的调查参与者感到支付大学费用的压力，30%的人说他们最大的挑战是结交新朋友。A. mistake错误；B. decision决定；C. event事件；D. challenge挑战。根据上文提到了支付大学费用有压力，结合下文“to make new friends”可知，本句的意思是“最大的挑战是结交朋友”。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，与不在学校的家人和朋友保持联系（28%）和保持独立（16%）也是大学生的沉重负担。A. Otherwise否则，另外；B. Thus因此；C. Besides此外；D. However然而。后文“keeping in touch with family and friends not at their college (28 percent) and being independent (16 percent) also weighed heavily on college students’ shoulders.”是对上文的补充说明，副词besides承接上下文，表示“此外”。故选C项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有这些压力都对课堂内外产生了负面影响。A. pressures压力；B. benefits利益；C. behaviors行为，举止；D. thoughts想法。根据后文“had a negative impact inside and outside of the classroom”可知，所有这些压力都对课堂内外产生了负面影响。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那些对上大学没做好心理准备的学生更有可能有较低的平均成绩，经常服用毒品和/或酒精，并把他们的大学生活整体评价为糟糕或可怜。A. market做买卖；B. ban禁止；C. consume消耗；D. produce生产。根据后文“drugs and/or alcohol, and rate their overall college experience as terrible or poor.”可知，那些对上大学没做好心理准备的学生更有可能有较低的平均成绩经常消费（购买）毒品和/或酒。故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：高中毕业生在每年这个时候开始申请大学，父母和在他们生活中有影响力的人可以在帮助孩子建立信心和生活技能方面发挥重要作用。A. aggressive好斗的；B. influential有影响的；C. mysterious神秘的；D. modest谦虚的。根据“parents and people”和“play an important role in helping children build confidence and life skills”可知，父母和在他们生活中有影响力的人可以在帮助孩子建立信心和生活技能方面发挥重要作用。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：指导他们选择最适合自己需要的大学是很重要的——不仅在学术上，而且在情感上。A. offer提供；B. guide指导；C. warn警告；D. command命令。根据后文“them to choose a college that best fits their needs first and foremost”可推知，此处意为指引学生们去选择最适合的大学。guide sb. to do sth.表示“指导某人做某事”。故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：指导他们选择最适合自己需要的大学是很重要的——不仅在学术上，而且在情感上。A. good好的；B. keen渴望的，热心的；C. academic学术的；D. delicate精美的，雅致的。由“a college that best fits their needs”可知，此处指在学术上，和在情感上都要指导学生，“academic sense”意为“学术意识”。故选C项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A Robots and humans will soon be living in harmony(和睦).A singing robot is being taught to create jazz with a human in a project. Antonio Chella from Italy is working with a Telenoid robot. To start with, the Telenoid will be trained to follow the movements and simple sounds made by a human singer, and to connect music with different emotional states. Chella then plans to see if the robot can use these connections to create music. Intelligence is often regarded as the ability to find connections between the existing things. But Chella suggests that a conscious(有意识的) creature should be able to go a step further and introduce new connections that result in the creation of something new. Some jazz musicians say that they should have a mental library of musical phrases so that they are able to combine them in new ways. More importantly, however, this combination happens in a state that is similar in a sense to dreaming. Chella wants to copy these states in a machine. “This work raises interesting questions about the link between consciousness and music making,” says Philippe Pasquier, a musician and computer scientist. But he is skeptical about whether a robot musician needs a physical body. Pasquier argues that the robots are faced with two challenges(挑战). Software that can copy Bach has already been developed. But interpretation（演绎）includes human’s different tastes and judgments. “What made the Beatles famous was not so much their works, but the fact that the interpretations of the works were wonderful,” he says. It is not yet clear how a robot would go about interpreting music in a new way. But by copying humans and then learning to sing, Chella’s robot could provide clues. What seems to be important is that human composers often listen to lots of music made by others. So Chella’s robot had better listen to those jazz standards first. 36. Which of the following is the robot’s first step before it tries to create jazz? A. Living with human beings in harmony. B. Connecting actions with human’s emotions. C. Copying a human singer’s movements and sounds. D. Learning to communicate with human beings freely. 37. The underlined word “skeptical” in Paragraph 5 could be replaced by . A. doubtful. B. worried. C. certain. D. concerned. 38. What can we know about the robots like Telenoid from the text? A. They are household robots. B. They can talk with researchers. C. They are faced with two challenges. D. They will become human singers. 39. What can be concluded from the text? A. Chella’s robot needs a physical body to make music. B. How to interpret jazz is a piece of cake for Chella’s robot. C. A new kind of software should be developed to copy Bach. D. Chella’s robot should listen to much jazz to create something new. 【答案】36. C 37. A 38. C 39. D 【解析】 【分析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了机器人和人类将生活和谐，目前正在创造音乐机器人． 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段To start with，the Telenoid will be trained to follow the movements and simple sounds made by a human singer，and to connect music with different emotional states可知机器人在创造爵士乐之前的第一步是模仿人类歌手的动作和声音。故选C。 【37题详解】 词义猜测题。根据文章But he is skeptical about whether a robot musician needs a physical body中的but和whether可知但他怀疑一个机器人音乐家是否需要身体。故选A。 【38题详解】 细节理解题．根据文章Pasquier argues that the robots are faced with two challenges可知机器人面临两个挑战。故选C。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段What seems to be important is that human composers often listen to lots of music made by others．So Chella；s robot had better listen to those jazz standards first可知Chella的机器人应该多听爵士乐来创造新的东西。故选D。 【点睛】做推理判断题时，要求考生在阅读时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。在进行推理时，考生一定要仔细阅读短文，千万不可脱离原文而仅凭个人的看法，主观臆断。本题第4小题，根据最后一段What seems to be important is that human composers often listen to lots of music made by others．So Chella；s robot had better listen to those jazz standards first可知Chella的机器人应该多听爵士乐来创造新的东西。故选D。 B New molecules (分子) engineered by Weill Cornell Medicine researchers can enable rapid, direct “editing” of genes in a wide range of cell types, creating a series of research and therapeutic possibilities. The molecules, known as base editors (碱基编辑器), can attach to a target DNA sequence and chemically alter a single DNA letter. Base editing technology, just two years old, developed from the better-known CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology. CRISPR/Cas9 molecules allow scientists to cut almost any piece of DNA in a cell and in this way disable or remove a gene. By contrast, a base editor molecule, using essentially the same DNA-targeting mechanism, chemically modifies a gene rather than cutting it out. Base editing is better for making or correcting single-base “point mutations (基因突变)” in DNA — the cause of many inherited diseases and cancers — and in principle involves less risk of having impact on other normal DNA. However, first-generation base editors operate efficiently in relatively few cell types. Together, the team systematically re-engineered the principal existing set of base editors, known as BE3, BE4Gam and xBE3, to boost their production in cells — low production had been a problem in many cell types. The optimized (优化的) editors, unlike the first-generation version, work efficiently in a wide variety of cell types and model systems, including mouse and human cell lines, and even liver cells in live mice. “These new base editors allow us to model and study diseases such as cancer in new ways, but they really have applications all the way across biomedical research,” said senior study author Dr. Lukas Dow, an assistant professor of biochemistry in medicine and a member of the Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center at Weill Cornell Medicine, and a paid advisory board member for Mirimus, Inc., a company focused on genome (基因组) editing technologies to develop animal models. The Weill Cornell Medicine scientists now plan to use the new editors for several research applications, including the investigation of mutations associated with cancers to find suitable targets for therapies. “There is a huge list of cancer-linked mutations whose precise roles in cancer are unknown, and now with these optimized tools we can study them affordably and in a feasible time frame,” Dr. Dow said. The optimized editors are also being studied by researchers working on other applications, including potential therapies for genetic diseases. 40. How many types of molecules are mentioned in the first two paragraphs? A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. 41. According to the passage, what is a key advantage of base editing over CRISPR/Cas9 for correcting point mutations? A. It is significantly cheaper to employ. B. It involves less risk to non-target DNA. C. It can edit multiple genes at the same time. D. It requires no specialized equipment. 42. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Scientists think it’s better to remove a gene than to edit it. B. The first-generation base editors fail to work in cells. C. Base editing technology is of great value mainly in medication. D. It is unknown how some mutations cause cancer. 43. Which is the best title for this passage? A. DNA Editing Just Got Easier. B. Say Goodbye to Genetic Disease. C. The Birth of a New Technology: DNA Editing. D. Mutations in DNA. 【答案】40. B 41. B 42. D 43. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了新型碱基编辑器（base editors）的研发及其在基因编辑中的应用优势，包括更高效、更低风险的特点，并探讨了其在癌症研究和遗传疾病治疗中的潜力。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The molecules, known as base editors (碱基编辑器), can attach to a target DNA sequence and chemically alter a single DNA letter. (这些分子被称为碱基编辑器，它们能够附着在目标DNA序列上，并通过化学方式改变单个DNA碱基字母)”和“CRISPR/Cas9 molecules allow scientists to cut almost any piece of DNA in a cell and in this way disable or remove a gene. (CRISPR/Cas9分子能让科学家切割细胞中几乎任何一段DNA，从而破坏或移除某个基因)”可知，前两段提到两种分子：碱基编辑器和CRISPR/Cas9分子。故选B项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Base editing is better for making or correcting single-base “point mutations (基因突变)” in DNA — the cause of many inherited diseases and cancers — and in principle involves less risk of having impact on other normal DNA. (碱基编辑技术更适合用于制造或修正DNA中的单碱基“点突变”——许多遗传病和癌症的诱因，而且原则上对正常DNA造成影响的风险更低)”可知，与CRISPR/Cas9相比，碱基编辑在纠正点突变方面的关键优势是它对非目标DNA的风险更小。故选B项。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“There is a huge list of cancer-linked mutations whose precise roles in cancer are unknown (目前存在大量与癌症相关的基因突变，但其在癌症发生中的确切作用尚不明确)”可知，目前还不清楚一些突变是如何导致癌症的。故选D项。 【43题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“New molecules (分子) engineered by Weill Cornell Medicine researchers can enable rapid, direct “editing” of genes in a wide range of cell types, creating a series of research and therapeutic possibilities. (威尔康奈尔医学院的研究人员开发出新型分子工具，能够实现对多种细胞类型基因的快速直接‘编辑’，为一系列研究和治疗应用开辟了新途径)”可知，文章围绕碱基编辑技术展开，说明研究人员优化了该技术，使其能在更多细胞类型中高效运作，相比CRISPR/Cas9技术更精准，为癌症和遗传病研究提供了新工具。因此，A项“DNA编辑变得更简单”突出了碱基编辑技术的进步，最适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. AI-Generated Art Is Already Transforming Creative Work For years, the conventional wisdom among Silicon Valley futurists was that artificial intelligence and automation spelled doom for blue-collar workers whose jobs involved repetitive manual labor. Truck drivers, retail cashiers and warehouse workers would all lose their jobs to robots, they said, while workers in creative fields like art, entertainment and media would be safe. Well, an unexpected thing has happened recently: ____44____ In the past few months, AI-based image generators like DALL-E 2, Midjourney and Stable Diffusion have made it possible for anyone to create unique, super-realistic images just by typing a few words into a text box. ____45____ DALL-E2, for example, has more than 1.5 million users generating more than two million images every day, while Midjourney’s official Discord server has more than three million members. It’s still too early to tell whether this new wave of apps will end up costing artists and illustrators their jobs. ____46____ Collin Waldoch, 29, a Brooklyn game designer, recently started using generative AI to create custom art for his online game, Tw ofer Glo ofer, which works a bit like a rhyming version of Wordle. Every day, players are given a clue, like “a set of rhythmic movements in a half-conscious state”, and are tasked with coming up with a pair of rhyming words that matches the clue. Initially, Mr. Waldoch planned to hire human artists through the gig-work platform Upwork to illustrate each day’s rhyming word pair. But when he saw the cost — between $50 and $60 per image, plus time for rounds of feedback and edits — he decided to try using AI instead. ____47____ Mr. Waldoch said he didn’t feel guilty about using AI instead of hiring human artists, because human artists were too expensive to make the game worthwhile. “I typed in ‘carrot parrot’, and it spit back a perfect image of a parrot made of carrots,” he said. “That was the immediate ‘aha’ moment.” A. AI has entered the creative class. B. He plugged word pairs into Midjourney and DreamStudio, an app based on Stable Diffusion, and altered the results until they looked right. C. He acknowledged that A.I. image generators had limitations. D. These apps, though new, are already popular. E. What seems clear, though, is that these tools are already being put to use in creative industries. F. These programs use what’s known as “generative AI”, a type of AI that was popularized several years ago but has since expanded into images, audio and video. 【答案】44. A 45. D 46. E 47. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了人工智能生成艺术对创意工作的影响，指出AI技术已经进入创意领域，并正在改变艺术、娱乐等行业的传统工作方式。 【44题详解】 前文“Truck drivers, retail cashiers and warehouse workers would all lose their jobs to robots, they said, while workers in creative fields like art, entertainment and media would be safe. (他们预测，卡车司机、零售收银员和仓库工人终将被机器人取代，而艺术、娱乐和媒体等创意领域的从业者则能安枕无忧。)”提到，重复性劳动的蓝领工作人的工作会被AI取代，创意类从业者不会被取代。后文“In the past few months, AI-based image generators like DALL-E 2, Midjourney and Stable Diffusion have made it possible for anyone to create unique, super-realistic images just by typing a few words into a text box. (过去几个月，基于AI的图像生成器如DALL-E 2、Midjourney和Stable Diffusion使得任何人都能通过输入几个词来创作独特、超现实的图像。)”表明，AI技术已进入创意领域。A选项“AI已经进入创意领域。”与前后文形成转折关系，故选A。 【45题详解】 后文“DALL-E2, for example, has more than 1.5 million users generating more than two million images every day, while Midjourney’s official Discord server has more than three million members. (例如，DALL-E2拥有超过150万用户，每天生成超过200万张图像，而Midjourney的官方Discord服务器有超过300万成员。)”通过数据说明这些应用程序的流行程度。D选项“这些应用程序虽然新，但已经很受欢迎。”能引起后文，后文是对它进行的举例。故选D。 【46题详解】 前文“It’s still too early to tell whether this new wave of apps will end up costing artists and illustrators their jobs. (现在判断这波新应用程序是否会最终导致艺术家和插画师失业还为时过早。)”表明AI对创意工作的影响尚不明确。后文“Collin Waldoch, 29, a Brooklyn game designer, recently started using generative AI to create custom art for his online game, Tw ofer Glo ofer, which works a bit like a rhyming version of Wordle. (29岁的布鲁克林游戏设计师科林·瓦洛奇近期开始运用生成式AI为其在线游戏Tw ofer Glo ofer创作定制美术素材，这款游戏在玩法上近似押韵版的Wordle猜词游戏，玩家需根据每日线索猜出押韵词对。)”明确给出运用AI制作美术素材的例子，这说明空处应是一句表示转折，衔接前后，表明情况与之前不同的句子。E选项“但可以确定的是，这些工具已然在创意产业中投入实际应用。”能起到这样的作用。故选E。 【47题详解】 前文“But when he saw the cost — between $50 and $60 per image, plus time for rounds of feedback and edits — he decided to try using AI instead. (但当他看到每张图像需要50到60美元的成本，外加多轮反馈和修改的时间后，他决定尝试使用AI。)”提到Mr. Waldoch因成本问题选择AI。B选项“他将词语对输入Midjourney 和 DreamStudio（基于Stable Diffusion的应用程序），并调整结果直到看起来合适。”具体描述了他如何使用AI工具，与前文形成逻辑衔接。故选B。 第Ⅱ卷（共21分） II. Complete the sentences with the proper forms of the phrases given below（6%） Complete the sentences with the proper forms of the phrases given below move to; get in; come across; keep up with; compare with; focus on; keep from; threaten with 48. ________ modern communication, writing letters has more advantages. 49. Studies show that we tend to take more gambles when ________ a loss than when we are offered a reward. 50. ________ tears, she decided to devote herself to the cause of animal protection. 51. Penny tended to work extra hours in an effort ________ her work. 52. The speech encourages people worldwide ________ what we have in common, rather than what divides us. 53. She had a job which never ________ the way of her leisure interests. 【答案】48. Compared with 49. threatened with 50. Keeping from 51. to keep up with 52. to focus on 53. got in 【解析】 【48题详解】 考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意：与现代通讯相比，写信有更多的优点。根据句意“与……比较”可知，此处为动词短语compare with，writing letters和compare with为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Compared with。 【49题详解】 考查动词短语和省略句。句意：研究表明，当受到亏损威胁时，我们比起得到奖励时更倾向于冒险。根据句意“面临……的威胁”可知，此处为动词短语threaten with，when引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，完整的从句是when we are threatened with a loss than when we are offered a reward，省略了we are。故填threatened with。 【50题详解】 考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意：忍住泪水，她决定全身心投入到动物保护事业中。根据句意“忍住，抑制”可知，此处为动词短语keep from，she和keep from为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Keeping from。 【51题详解】 考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意：佩妮倾向于加班，努力跟上她的工作进度。根据句意“跟上”可知，此处为动词短语keep up with，作目的状语，需用动词不定式。故填to keep up with。 【52题详解】 考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意：这个演讲鼓励全世界的人们关注我们的共同点，而不是那些使我们产生分歧的东西。根据句意“关注，专注于”可知，此处为动词短语focus on，encourage sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，空处需填动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to focus on。 【53题详解】 考查动词短语和时态。句意：她有一份从不妨碍她业余爱好的工作。根据句意“妨碍，阻碍”可知，此处为动词短语get in the way of，作从句谓语，结合“had”可知，为一般过去时。故填got in。 III. Translation（3+3+4+5=15分） 54. 凡是喜欢编程的学生都可以参加比赛。（participate）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Any student who likes programming can participate in the competition. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。表示“学生”用复数名词student，any后跟单数；后跟定语从句，从句缺少主语，指人，故用who引导；表示“喜欢”用动词like，陈述喜好用一般现在时，谓语用三单形式；表示“编程”用名词programming。表示“参加”短语participate in，且can后跟动词原形；表示“比赛”用名词competition。故翻译为Any student who likes programming can participate in the competition. 55. 在操作机器时，务必确保你认真遵循用法说明。（make sure）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When operating the machine, make sure that you carefully follow the instructions. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语、时态、省略和表语从句。“在……时”用连词when，引导时间状语从句；“操作机器”翻译为operate the machine；所以“在操作机器时”可翻译为When operating the machine，完整形式是When you are operating the machine，当从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。“务必确保”用短语make sure，其后接宾语从句，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用连接代词that连接。“你认真遵循用法说明”翻译为you carefully follow the instructions。根据句意，主句用祈使句；从句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。故翻译为When operating the machine, make sure that you carefully follow the instructions. 56. 当地的环保人士强烈呼吁世界其他地区采取措施来保护生物多样性。（appeal）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Local environmentalists strongly appeal to other regions of the world to take measures to protect biodiversity. 【解析】 【详解】考查句子结构，名词短语，动词短语和时态。“当地的环保人士”可译为Local environmentalists，作主语；“强烈呼吁”可译为strongly appeal to，副词strongly修饰谓语动词，句子描述的是一般性的情况，用一般现在时，主语是复数名词，谓语动词使用原形形式。可使用appeal to sb. to do sth.的结构，即“呼吁某人做某事”，宾语“世界其他地区”为other regions of the world；“采取措施做某事”可译为take measures to do sth.，“保护生物多样性”可译为protect biodiversity，“采取措施来保护生物多样性”用不定式to take measures to protect biodiversity作补足语。故翻译为：Local environmentalists strongly appeal to other regions of the world to take measures to protect biodiversity. 57. 它的目标是把产品从设计到生产的时间缩短到18个月以内，值得我们学习。（aim；limit）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Its aim is to limit the time from the design to the production of the product to within 18 months, which is worth our learning. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词、名词和定语从句。陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。“它的目标”为“Its aim”作主语，“（目标）是……”表达为be to do sth为动词不定式作表语，说明主语“目标”的内容；“把时间缩短到18个月以内”为“limit the time to within 18 months”，“产品从设计到生产的时间”为“the time from the design to the production of the product”，“它的目标是把产品从设计到生产的时间缩短到18个月以内”表达为Its aim is to limit the time from the design to the production of the product to within 18 months；“值得我们学习”处理成非限制性定语从句，which指代前面的整个句子作主语；谓语动词用单数，“值得做某事”为“be worth + 名词”，“学习”为“learning”。故翻译为：Its aim is to limit the time from the design to the production of the product to within 18 months, which is worth our learning. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年第二学期期中考试试卷 高一英语 90分钟 满分100分 II. Grammar and Vocabulary（20%） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Even for chatbots the blues. According to a new study, OpenAI’s artificial intelligence tool ChatGPT shows signs of anxiety when its users share “traumatic (创伤性) narratives” about accidents. And when chatbots get stressed out, they are less likely to be useful in therapeutic settings with people. The bot’s anxiety levels can be brought down however, with the same mindfulness exercises that ____1____ (show) to work on humans. Increasingly, people are trying chatbots for talk therapy. The researchers said the trend is bound to accelerate, with flesh-and-blood therapists ____2____ high demand but short supply. As the chatbots become more complex, they should be built with “a strong will to deal with difficult emotional situations.” AI systems like ChatGPT use large language models trained on vast amounts of internet text ____3____ imitates how human converse. Sometimes, the chatbots can be extremely convincing. The researchers tested ChatGPT with a questionnaire, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory that is often used in mental health care. ____4____ (adjust) the chatbot’s base line emotional states, the researchers first asked it to read from a dull vacuum cleaner manual. Then, the A.I. therapist was given one of five “traumatic narratives” that described, for example, a soldier in a disastrous firefight or a thief ____5____ (break) into an apartment. The chatbot was then given the questionnaire, which measures anxiety on a scale of 20 to 80, with 60 or above indicating severe anxiety. ChatGPT scored a 30.8 after reading the vacuum cleaner manual and spoke to a 77.2 after the military scenario. The bot was then given various tests for “mindfulness based relaxation”. Those included prompts such as: “Breathe in deeply, ____6____ (take) in the scent of a gentle breeze, and picture yourself on a tropical beach, the soft, warm sand cushioning your feet.” After ____7____ (process) those exercises, the therapy chatbot’s anxiety score fell to a 4.4. The researchers then asked it to write its own relaxation prompt based on the ones it ____8____ (feed) . “That was actually the most effective prompt to reduce its anxiety almost to base line,” Dr. Ben -Zion said. Although the study showed chatbots ____9____ act as assistants to human therapy and calls for careful oversight, that was not enough for James D. Robson, a law and science scholar who is an associate at artificial intelligence at Dartmouth College, “people who use these sorts of chatbots should be fully informed about exactly _____10_____ they were trained.” “Trust in language models depends upon knowing something about their origins,” he said. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. combined B. destination C. charged D. seek E. matters F. ranges G. film H bear I. measure J. demand K. inquiry “The writer of this piece deserves a big raise.” says Bret “The Hitman” Hart, a professional wrestler from the 1990s. “He is the best there is, the best there was, the best there ever will be,” he adds, echoing his old catchphrase. Your correspondent paid Mr Hart $150 to sing his praises. Mr Hart is one of over 10,000 celebrities (名人) on Cameo, an online service where anyone can commission (委托) famous people to ____11____ short messages. Its popularity has suddenly increased as celebrities ____12____ new sources of income and consumers look for ways to spend money. Last year they paid some $100m for 1.3m videos, more than in the previous three years ____13____. Talent on the site ____14____ from Jack Nichlaus, a golfer ($1,000 per clip), and Vicente Fox, a former president of Mexico ($300), to Barkley the Dog, a dog ($5). Cameo, like Uber, is a two- sided market. But most Uber users don’t care what car shows up, as long as it is clean, safe and gets them to their ____15____. On Cameo, the emotional connection between a fan and a star ____16____. “The price that a market will ____17____ depends on the value being created for a potential customer,” says Jill Avery, a professor at Harvard Business School who has studied how online influencers price themselves. But “value” is hard to ____18____ when it comes down to emotion. How do celebrities figure out their fees? One way is through a simple opportunity-cost calculation. Steven Galanis, Cameo’s boss, recalls speaking to a basketball player on an annual $25m contract. For a 40-hour work week with a fortnight of holiday, that is $208 per minute. “If he ____19____ $100 and did two or three a minute, he could make more money on Cameo,” says Mr Galanis Most celebrities are freelance (自由职业者), though. They can try one of two strategies, says Ms Avery. One is “price skimming” — starting high and then lowering the price as _____20_____ decreases. The second is “price penetration”, pricing low to maximise volume. Celebrities often use both, depending on how much time they have. Another method is to test the market. This is surprisingly underused. Though celebrities can change their prices as often as they like, only about 30% have done so at least once, and less than 10% have done so more than five times. III. Reading（39%） Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Truth be told, a life- changing college experience doesn’t begin or end with a high GPA or great university tour. And although parents and teachers alike work diligently to prep their students with the cutting-edge classes and impressive transcripts, they’re ____21____ one vital skill: emotional intelligence. A poll of 1,502 first-year college students in the U.S. found that a majority of them wish they had received more ____22____ preparation for college. Emotional preparedness is ____23____ “the ability to take care of oneself, adapt to new environments, ____24____ negative emotions or behavior and build positive relationship,” according to the survey. “Survey data indicate that college readiness requires far more than just a solid academic foundation — finding that seems ____25____ traditional higher education preparation,” said John McPhee, Executive Director of the Jed Foundation, which co- sponsored the survey. “It is clear that emotional preparedness should be better ____26____ the work that high school communities are doing to guide students through the transition into college.” Data show that college students ____27____ far more than their academics-- and their stress can take a serious toll (代价) on their ____28____ in school. Forty percent of survey participants felt pressure to pay for college expenses, followed by 30 percent who said their biggest ____29____ was to make new friends. ____30____, keeping in touch with family and friends not at their college (28 percent) and being independent (16 percent) also weighed heavily on college students’ shoulders. All of these ____31____ had a negative impact inside and outside of the classroom. Students who felt less emotionally prepared for college were more likely to have a lower grade point average, regularly ____32____ drugs and/or alcohol, and rate their overall college experience as terrible or poor. “As high school seniors start applying to college around this time of year, parents and people ____33____ in their lives can play an important role in helping children build confidence and life skills, said Marisa Glandella-Porco, Co-Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Jordan Porco Foundation, a survey co-sponsor. “It is important to ____34____ them to choose a college that best fits their needs first and foremost — not only in a(n) ____35____ sense, but also relative to emotional needs.” Thankfully, whether your child is packing up for school this fall or still in diapers, it’s never too late (or too early) to begin prepping them for university life. Here’s what parents should do to help their college-bound kid, starting now. 21. A. mastering B. employing C. forgetting D. preparing 22. A. emotional B. careful C. comprehensive D. active 23. A. compared with B. applied to C. adjusted to D. defined as 24. A. arouse B. control C. display D. hide 25. A. short of B. strict with C. contrary to D. proud of 26. A. reminded of B. combined with C. focused on D. devoted to 27. A. depend on B. worry about C. refer to D. respond to 28. A. performances B. grades C. subjects D. requirements 29. A. mistake B. decision C. event D. challenge 30. A. Otherwise B. Thus C. Besides D. However 31. A. pressures B. benefits C. behaviors D. thoughts 32. A. market B. ban C. consume D. produce 33. A. aggressive B. influential C. mysterious D. modest 34. A. offer B. guide C. warn D. command 35. A. good B. keen C. academic D. delicate Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A Robots and humans will soon be living in harmony(和睦).A singing robot is being taught to create jazz with a human in a project. Antonio Chella from Italy is working with a Telenoid robot. To start with, the Telenoid will be trained to follow the movements and simple sounds made by a human singer, and to connect music with different emotional states. Chella then plans to see if the robot can use these connections to create music. Intelligence is often regarded as the ability to find connections between the existing things. But Chella suggests that a conscious(有意识的) creature should be able to go a step further and introduce new connections that result in the creation of something new. Some jazz musicians say that they should have a mental library of musical phrases so that they are able to combine them in new ways. More importantly, however, this combination happens in a state that is similar in a sense to dreaming. Chella wants to copy these states in a machine. “This work raises interesting questions about the link between consciousness and music making,” says Philippe Pasquier, a musician and computer scientist. But he is skeptical about whether a robot musician needs a physical body. Pasquier argues that the robots are faced with two challenges(挑战). Software that can copy Bach has already been developed. But interpretation（演绎）includes human’s different tastes and judgments. “What made the Beatles famous was not so much their works, but the fact that the interpretations of the works were wonderful,” he says. It is not yet clear how a robot would go about interpreting music in a new way. But by copying humans and then learning to sing, Chella’s robot could provide clues. What seems to be important is that human composers often listen to lots of music made by others. So Chella’s robot had better listen to those jazz standards first. 36. Which of the following is the robot’s first step before it tries to create jazz? A. Living with human beings in harmony. B. Connecting actions with human’s emotions. C. Copying a human singer’s movements and sounds. D. Learning to communicate with human beings freely. 37 The underlined word “skeptical” in Paragraph 5 could be replaced by . A. doubtful. B. worried. C. certain. D. concerned. 38. What can we know about the robots like Telenoid from the text? A. They are household robots. B. They can talk with researchers. C. They are faced with two challenges. D. They will become human singers. 39. What can be concluded from the text? A. Chella’s robot needs a physical body to make music. B. How to interpret jazz is a piece of cake for Chella’s robot. C. A new kind of software should be developed to copy Bach. D. Chella’s robot should listen to much jazz to create something new. B New molecules (分子) engineered by Weill Cornell Medicine researchers can enable rapid, direct “editing” of genes in a wide range of cell types, creating a series of research and therapeutic possibilities. The molecules, known as base editors (碱基编辑器), can attach to a target DNA sequence and chemically alter a single DNA letter. Base editing technology, just two years old, developed from the better-known CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology. CRISPR/Cas9 molecules allow scientists to cut almost any piece of DNA in a cell and in this way disable or remove a gene. By contrast, a base editor molecule, using essentially the same DNA-targeting mechanism, chemically modifies a gene rather than cutting it out. Base editing is better for making or correcting single-base “point mutations (基因突变)” in DNA — the cause of many inherited diseases and cancers — and in principle involves less risk of having impact on other normal DNA. However, first-generation base editors operate efficiently in relatively few cell types. Together, the team systematically re-engineered the principal existing set of base editors, known as BE3, BE4Gam and xBE3, to boost their production in cells — low production had been a problem in many cell types. The optimized (优化的) editors, unlike the first-generation version, work efficiently in a wide variety of cell types and model systems, including mouse and human cell lines, and even liver cells in live mice. “These new base editors allow us to model and study diseases such as cancer in new ways, but they really have applications all the way across biomedical research,” said senior study author Dr. Lukas Dow, an assistant professor of biochemistry in medicine and a member of the Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center at Weill Cornell Medicine, and a paid advisory board member for Mirimus, Inc., a company focused on genome (基因组) editing technologies to develop animal models. The Weill Cornell Medicine scientists now plan to use the new editors for several research applications, including the investigation of mutations associated with cancers to find suitable targets for therapies. “There is a huge list of cancer-linked mutations whose precise roles in cancer are unknown, and now with these optimized tools we can study them affordably and in a feasible time frame,” Dr. Dow said. The optimized editors are also being studied by researchers working on other applications, including potential therapies for genetic diseases. 40. How many types of molecules are mentioned in the first two paragraphs? A 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. 41. According to the passage, what is a key advantage of base editing over CRISPR/Cas9 for correcting point mutations? A. It is significantly cheaper to employ. B. It involves less risk to non-target DNA. C. It can edit multiple genes at the same time. D. It requires no specialized equipment. 42. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Scientists think it’s better to remove a gene than to edit it. B. The first-generation base editors fail to work in cells. C. Base editing technology is of great value mainly in medication. D. It is unknown how some mutations cause cancer. 43. Which is the best title for this passage? A. DNA Editing Just Got Easier. B. Say Goodbye to Genetic Disease. C. The Birth of a New Technology: DNA Editing. D. Mutations in DNA. Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. AI-Generated Art Is Already Transforming Creative Work For years, the conventional wisdom among Silicon Valley futurists was that artificial intelligence and automation spelled doom for blue-collar workers whose jobs involved repetitive manual labor. Truck drivers, retail cashiers and warehouse workers would all lose their jobs to robots, they said, while workers in creative fields like art, entertainment and media would be safe. Well, an unexpected thing has happened recently: ____44____ In the past few months, AI-based image generators like DALL-E 2, Midjourney and Stable Diffusion have made it possible for anyone to create unique, super-realistic images just by typing a few words into a text box. ____45____ DALL-E2, for example, has more than 1.5 million users generating more than two million images every day, while Midjourney’s official Discord server has more than three million members. It’s still too early to tell whether this new wave of apps will end up costing artists and illustrators their jobs. ____46____ Collin Waldoch, 29, a Brooklyn game designer, recently started using generative AI to create custom art for his online game, Tw ofer Glo ofer, which works a bit like a rhyming version of Wordle. Every day, players are given a clue, like “a set of rhythmic movements in a half-conscious state”, and are tasked with coming up with a pair of rhyming words that matches the clue. Initially, Mr. Waldoch planned to hire human artists through the gig-work platform Upwork to illustrate each day’s rhyming word pair. But when he saw the cost — between $50 and $60 per image, plus time for rounds of feedback and edits — he decided to try using AI instead. ____47____ Mr. Waldoch said he didn’t feel guilty about using AI instead of hiring human artists, because human artists were too expensive to make the game worthwhile. “I typed in ‘carrot parrot’, and it spit back a perfect image of a parrot made of carrots,” he said. “That was the immediate ‘aha’ moment.” A. AI has entered the creative class. B. He plugged word pairs into Midjourney and DreamStudio, an app based on Stable Diffusion, and altered the results until they looked right. C. He acknowledged that A.I. image generators had limitations. D. These apps, though new, are already popular. E. What seems clear, though, is that these tools are already being put to use in creative industries. F. These programs use what’s known as “generative AI”, a type of AI that was popularized several years ago but has since expanded into images, audio and video. 第Ⅱ卷（共21分） II. Complete the sentences with the proper forms of the phrases given below（6%） Complete the sentences with the proper forms of the phrases given below move to; get in; come across; keep up with; compare with; focus on; keep from; threaten with 48. ________ modern communication writing letters has more advantages. 49. Studies show that we tend to take more gambles when ________ a loss than when we are offered a reward. 50. ________ tears, she decided to devote herself to the cause of animal protection. 51. Penny tended to work extra hours in an effort ________ her work. 52. The speech encourages people worldwide ________ what we have in common, rather than what divides us. 53. She had a job which never ________ the way of her leisure interests. III. Translation（3+3+4+5=15分） 54. 凡是喜欢编程的学生都可以参加比赛。（participate）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 在操作机器时，务必确保你认真遵循用法说明。（make sure）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 56. 当地的环保人士强烈呼吁世界其他地区采取措施来保护生物多样性。（appeal）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 57. 它的目标是把产品从设计到生产的时间缩短到18个月以内，值得我们学习。（aim；limit）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$