05专题五　介词和介词短语-【智乐星中考·学考传奇】2025年山东省中考英语讲练本（五四制）

1 2 专题五 介词和介词短语 3 目 录 专题要点明晰 考点分类讲练 专题语篇精练 4 介词是一般用于名词或代词前,表示该词与句中其他成分的关系的虚词。介词后面的名词或代词称为介词宾语(若是人称代词,则要用宾格)。介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语。 5 类别 意义 举例 按构成 简单介词 由一个词构成 for, near, after... 合成介词 由两个词合成 inside, outside, onto... 双重介词 两个简单介词连用 from behind, until after... 介词短语 以短语形式呈现,意义和作用上相当于一个简单介词 instead of, in front of, thanks to, according to... v.-ing形式介词 以ing结尾的介词 including, considering, regarding... 6 类别 意义 举例 按意义 时间介词 表示时间 at, on, in... 方位介词 表示地点、方位 over, behind, between... 方式介词 表示运用方式 by, with... 其他介词 其他常见介词 about, like, as... 7 课标要求需掌握介词及其相关用法。 中考高频考点:时间介词、方位介词以及介词的固定搭配、介词短语辨析等。 8 考点1 方位介词 1.表示“在某处”:on, in与at 单词 用法 示例 on 表示在某个物体的表面上 on the floor在地板上 on the desk在书桌上 in 表示在某个范围内或在某个大地方 in the water在水里 in China在中国 at 表示在某个点或在某个小地方 at school在学校 at the bus stop在公交车站 9 2.表示“在……上”:on, above与over 单词 用法 例句 on 两个物体表面接触,一个在另外一个的上面 There is a book on the desk. 桌子上有本书。 above 位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,两者不接触,反义词为below The plane is flying above the clouds. 飞机在云层上飞行。 over 位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,两者不接触,反义词为under There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。 10 3.表示“在……前”:in front of与in the front of 短语 用法 例句 in front of 指范围外的前面,近义词为before,反义词为behind There is a tree in front of the house. 房前有一棵树。(外) in the front of 指范围内的前面,反义词组为at the back of I sit in the front of the class. 我坐在教室的前面。(内) 11 4.表示“在……中”:between与among 单词 用法 例句 between 通常指在两者之间 Lucy sits between Amy and Tom. 露西坐在艾米和汤姆中间。 among 指三者或三者以上 Who jumped highest among these students? 在这些学生中谁跳得最高? 12 5.表示空间:across, through, over与past 单词 用法 示例 across 指从表面穿过 go across the street过马路 through 指从内部穿过 go through the forest穿过森林 over 指从上方越过 fly over the mountains飞过山峰 past 指从旁边经过 walk past the classroom经过教室 13 6.表示“靠近”:beside, near与next to 单词/ 短语 用法 例句 beside 表示在……旁边,近义词为by The hotel is beside/by the river. 那家旅馆在河边。 near 表示在……附近 My home is near the school. 我的家在学校附近。 next to 表示紧靠……;紧挨着…… The supermarket is next to the post office. 超市紧挨着邮局。 14 考点专练 1.(2024白银)The bird in Picture ______ is between the boxes.  15 用适当的方位介词或方位介词短语填空 2.(2024南通)Try to hide __________ a strong table or in a corner of the room to protect yourself in an earthquake.  3.Look! The traffic light is green. We can go __________ the road now.  4.Linda always sits _________________ the classroom in order to see the blackboard clearly.  5.Hong Kong is _______ the south of China. It’s one of the busiest cities in the world.  6.Turn right _______ the hotel and you can see the shopping center _______ your right.  　under　 　across　 　in the front of　 　in　 　at　 　on　 16 考点2 时间介词 1.in, on与at 单词 用法 示例 in 用于表示在某年、某月、某季节、某个世纪或一天中的某个时段(上午、下午、晚上) in 1949　in January in summer in the 20th century in the morning in+时间段表示在……之后,通常用于一般将来时中 in two days 17 单词 用法 示例 on 用于表示具体某一天(星期几、日期或节假日)或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上 on Monday on June 1st on Children’s Day on Sunday afternoon 18 单词 用法 示例 at 表示具体时间点 at seven o’clock (7:00) at half past five (5:30) 用在固定短语中 at noon, at night at lunchtime at the same time at the age of 20 at Christmas 19 2.before与after 单词 用法 示例 before before+时间点,表示在……之前,不包括其后的时间,后接时间点、时间状语从句或n./v.-ing before 10十点前 before dinner晚饭前 after 表示在……之后,后接时间点、时间状语从句或n./v.-ing I will leave after my mom comes back. 我妈妈回来后我就离开。 (主将从现) 20 3.for与since 单词 用法 例句 for 表示持续了多长时间,可与过去、现在、将来等多种时态连用,后跟一段时间,谓语动词为延续性动词 We will stay in Beijing for two months. 我们将在北京待两个月。 since 表示从过去某时一直延续至今,常与现在完成时态连用,后跟过去的某个时间点 We’ve lived here since 2006. 从2006年开始,我们便住在这里。 21 4.by与until 单词 用法 例句 by 不迟于;在……之前 Can you finish your homework by seven o’clock? 你七点前能完成作业吗? until 用于否定句中,not... until表示直到……才,其谓语动词常用非延续性动词 The bookstore doesn’t close until 10 p.m. 书店直到晚上十点才关门。 用于肯定句中,表示直到……为止,谓语动词常用延续性动词 Let’s wait until the rain stops. 我们等雨停吧。 22 考点专练 1. (2024河北)Hurry up, Nancy! The meeting will start 　 　 ten minutes.  A.by B.in C.for D.to 2.Can you come and meet me 　 　 Friday? I’ll be away early on Friday morning.  A.before B.in C.on D.at 3.The fisherman 　 　 at the bank of the river 　 　 7 o’ clock.  A.has been; for B.has come; after C.has been; since D.has come; since 23 4.—Why are you so crazy about watching basketball matches? —They are exciting and sometimes you won’t know the result 　 　 the match ends.  A.when B.after C.until D.as soon as 5.—How long have you learned English? —　 　 six years.  A.In B.For C.At D.From 24 考点3 方式介词 单词 用法 示例 by 后接名词或动词的-ing形式,表示凭借某种工具或手段 by bike骑自行车 by listening to English songs 通过听英文歌曲(的方式) in in+语言/材料/方式/限定词+交通工具 in English用英语 write in ink用墨水书写 speak in a low voice小声说话 in his car在他的车里 25 单词 用法 示例 on on+通信工具/电子产品/限定词+交通工具 on TV通过电视 on a bus在公交车上 with with+具体工具/身体部分 with a knife用小刀 with our hands用我们的手 26 考点专练 1.(2024自贡改编)We can go to school 　　 bike to make our city greener. 　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.by B.on C.in D.with 2.My mother often tells me it’s impolite to hit an empty bowl 　　 chopsticks.  A.in B.on C.with D.at 3.This story is 　 　 simple English. My little sister can read it.  A.for B.in C.with D.on 4.You can buy almost everything 　 　 the Internet, and it’s very easy.  A.for B.in C.on D.at 27 考点4 其他常考介词用法总结 单词 含义/用法 示例 with 具有;带有 a big house with a garden 一座带花园的大房子 和……一起 live with my parents和我的父母住在一起 随着;由于(表伴随) with the development of society 随着社会的发展 without 没有;缺乏 without doubt毫无疑问 about 关于;对于 about Chinese history关于中国历史 28 单词 含义/用法 示例 like 相似;类似;像 He’s very like his father.他很像他的父亲。 例如;譬如 like surfing例如冲浪 像……一样 like the wind像风一样 as 作为; 以……身份 as a student作为一名学生 29 单词 含义/用法 示例 except 除……之外(其余都) The park is open every day except Sundays. 公园除了星期天之外每天都开放。 besides 除……之外(还有) What languages do you know besides Chinese and English? 除了汉语和英语之外你还懂什么语言? along 沿着 go along the street 沿着这条街走 30 单词 含义/用法 示例 to 表移动到目的地 fly to Shanghai飞去上海 from 表示开始的时间或地点 from Monday从周一开始 from my home从我家 against 反对;违背,其反义词组为be for be for or against it赞成或反对它 倚靠;碰;撞 The rain beat against the window. 雨敲打着窗户。 31 考点专练 用适当的介词填空 1.(2024呼和浩特改编)Lixia, or the Start of Summer, is a time when the temperature increases quickly _________ heavier rainfall.  2.(2024遂宁)Last weekend, all of us went for a picnic __________ Tom because he was ill.  　with　 　except　 32 3.I’m crazy about the folk stories ________ Yu Gong Moves the Mountains and Hou Yi Shoots the Suns.  4.He left ____________ saying a word.  5.Don’t be afraid of difficulties. Remember: kites rise highest ____________ the wind, not with it.  　like　 　without　 　against　 33 考点5 常用的介词短语　　　　　　　　　　　　 1.at短语 at birth出生时 at first起初 at a time 一次;每次 at last最后;终于 at least至少;起码 at once立刻;马上 at present 现在;目前 at the moment此刻;目前 34 2.on短语 on business出差　 on duty 值日;值班 on fire着火;失火　 on foot 步行;徒步 on the farm在农场 on time按时;准时 on sale廉价出售;减价 on holiday/vacation在度假 on the way to 在去……的路上 35 3.in短语 in danger处在危险中 in the end最后 in the way妨碍;挡道 in all总共;总计 in case假使;以防万一 in common共有;共同 in public公开地 　 in fact事实上 in general通常 　 in need在危难中;急需 in person亲身;亲自 in the future将来 in silence安静地;沉默地 　 in time及时 36 4.of 短语 instead of代替;而不是 　　 because of由于 think of想起 　　 be full of充满 be proud of 为……自豪 　　 be afraid of 害怕 5.by短语 by oneself独自地;单独 by accident/chance偶然;意外地 by mistake错误地;无意中 by the time到……的时候 by the way顺便说一下;顺便问一下 37 6.to短语 listen to听 according to根据 thanks to多亏;由于 be similar to与……相似 7.其他类 as a result结果 for example例如(举例) such as例如(列举) as usual像往常一样 38 考点专练 1.(2024福建改编)—May I take your order, Mr. Chen? —I’d like a cup of coffee and a cake 　 　.  A.by mistake B.at times C.as usual D.by accident 2.(2024扬州)You can’t eat an elephant all at once, eat it one bite 　 　.  A.on time B.at a time C.all the time D.at the same time 39 3.(2024雅安)—Shenzhou-18 was successfully launched(发射) into the space on April 25th, 2024. —We Chinese 　 　 it.  A.run out of B.take care of C.are afraid of D.are proud of 40 4.During the night shift, the nurse is 　 　 and responsible for attending to all the patients’ needs.  A.on time B.on purpose C.on duty D.on holiday 5.　 　 the hard work of all the students, the school play was a great success.  A.According to B.Next to C.Thanks to D.As to 41 6.(2024天津)许多明信片正在商店里出售。 Many postcards are _______ ________ at the shop.  7.(2024重庆A卷)他更喜欢走路上学,因为那是好的锻炼方式。 He prefers to go to school _______ ________ because it’s good exercise.  8.昨天这个时候他正默不作声地往家走。 He was walking towards his house _____ _________ at this time yesterday.  9.当我们处境危险时,应该向警察求助。 When we are _______ ___________, we should ask the police for help.  10.你应该自己完成这项作业。 You should finish the homework _______ ____________.  　on　 　sale　 　on　 　foot　 in　 silence　 　in　 　danger　 　by　 　yourself　 42 完形填空 Dear Helen Keller, My name is Amelia Grant. I live 　1　 a small city. There, my father has an oil factory. 　2　 the age of eight, something terrible happened while I was playing 　3　 an oil well. It made me lose most of my hearing.   43 A lot has changed for me 　4　 then. For one thing, I cannot hear music 　5　 before. I used to love listening to my mother sing songs. When I first lost my hearing, I was sad that I could never hear my mother sing again. But now I put my ear to her chest to feel the vibrations(震动) of her voice. Now, I feel music 　6　 hearing it.   Also, I have to go to a different school in another city—Texas School for the Deaf. It is over 300 kilometers away 　7　 my hometown. The teachers there are kind, but I can only see my parents during holidays. I miss them very much.  44 During our last winter holiday, my dad gave me a book you wrote, The Story of My Life. From it, I learned a lot 　8　 you. When you first became deaf and blind, you had a hard time showing people what you wanted. Because of this, you would sometimes get mad and make loud noises. Now I know your feelings and I am encouraged 　9　 your book. I’m going to write to you 　10　 a few days to tell you more.   Yours,　 　 Amelia Grant 45 1.A.on B.at C.in D.by 2.A.On B.At C.In D.By 3.A.between B.along C.above D.near 4.A.since B.for C.until D.by 5.A.like B.similar C.as D.unlike 6.A.because of B.instead of C.think of D.in place of 7.A.from B.out C.with D.off 8.A.about B.for C.at D.in 9.A.with B.from C.by D.about 10.A.on B.at C.in D.by 46 $$