易错点 01 名词-2025年高考英语语法易错点综合精讲精练（新高考通用）

2025届高考语法易错点01 名词 目 录 一、名词核心语法功能深度解析 二、名词分类与考点全解 易错陷阱1 易错陷阱2 三、名词词性转换全攻略 1. 动词→名词高频后缀 2. 形容词→名词转换 3. 易错词性转换 四、高考真题解题四步法 五、实战精析 （一）高考练场 （二）模拟训练 一、名词核心语法功能深度解析 1. 主语位置 纯名词主语：The experiment yielded surprising results. 名词短语主语：The rapid development of AI is changing our lifestyle. 形式主语it替代名词性结构：It is common knowledge that smoking harms health. 2. 宾语位置 动词宾语：She acquired three certificates last year. 介词宾语：There’s great interest in astronomy among students. 双宾语结构：The teacher gave us some advice. 3. 表语位置 系动词后接名词：His dream is becoming a surgeon. 名词作表语的特殊结构：It seems a miracle that he survived. 4. 定语位置 名词直接作定语：college entrance exam 名词所有格作定语：the country’s economic policy 复合名词作定语：a ten-year project 二、名词分类与考点全解 1. 可数名词精细分类 (1)普通可数名词 ①具体实物名词：动物类：dog, cat, elephant；植物类：tree, flower, apple；物品类：book, pen, chair ②抽象概念名词（具体化）：idea, thought, suggestion, problem, difficulty, solution, event, accident, incident (2)特殊可数名词 ①集体名词（既可作单数也可作复数）：family, team, class, government, committee, audience ②工具/器具名词（常以复数形式出现）：scissors, glasses, trousers, scales, jeans, headphones ③学科名词（通常不可数，表示具体应用时可数）：a science (一门科学) → sciences (多门科学)；an art (一种艺术) → arts (多种艺术) ④语言名词（通常不可数，表示具体语言种类时可数）：a foreign language → foreign languages ⑤疾病名词（大多不可数，部分可数）：a cold, a headache, a fever (3)复合可数名词 ①名词+名词：toothbrush, classroom, football ②动名词+名词：swimming pool, reading room ③形容词+名词：blackboard, greenhouse ④动词+副词/介词：passer-by → passers-by, mother-in-law → mothers-in-law (4)易混淆的可数名词 ①不可数名词的可数化用法：coffee → a coffee (一杯咖啡), glass → a glass (一个玻璃杯), paper → a paper (一篇论文/一份报纸) ②单复数同形的名词：sheep, deer, fish, aircraft ③外来词复数形式：analysis → analyses, phenomenon → phenomena, criterion → criteria (5)可数名词的特殊用法 ①常以复数形式出现的名词：congratulations, surroundings, belongings ②表示成对物品的名词：shoes, socks, gloves ③表示数量的名词：dozen, hundred, thousand (前有具体数字时不变复数) 易错陷阱1：可数名词复数形式规则变化是学生应该重视的易错点。 【规律总结】 规 则 例 词 1.一般在名词词尾加-s cook-cooks, cart-carts, look-looks, face-faces 2.以s, x, sh, ch, z结尾的名词，加-es class-classes, fox-foxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes, quiz-quizzes, buzz-buzzes 3.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es；元音字母+y结尾的名词，则不变 family-families, baby-babies, country-countries boy-boys, toy-toys, day-days 4.以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为v加-es。记忆口诀：树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮，架后突出一只狼，就像强盗逃命忙。 leaf-leaves, half-halves, self-selves, wife-wives knife-knives, shelf-shelves, wolf-wolves, thief-thieves, life-lives 以f结尾的名词，直接加-s。记忆口诀：海湾边、屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望，谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上。 gulf-gulfs, roof-roofs, chief-chiefs, serf-serfs belief-beliefs, proof-proofs handkerchief-handkerchiefs /-ves 5.以辅音字母+o结尾的名词，一般加-es；元音字母+o结尾的名词一般加-s hero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes, zoo-zoos studio-studios, radio-radios, video-videos 2. 不可数名词深度掌握 1)经典不可数名词群 抽象概念：knowledge, honesty, patience 学科领域：mathematics, physics, economics 物质材料：water, steel, cotton 集合概念：equipment, furniture, luggage 2)不可数名词量化表达 a piece of information, two cups of coffee, three items of clothing 3. 特殊名词用法突破 易错陷阱2：可数名词复数形式不规则变化易混易错点。 【规律总结】 单复数同形 不规则变化 deer, fish鱼(条数), sheep, cattle, means, aircraft, series, species, police, 表示“某国人”，记忆口诀：中日不变英法变，其余-s加后面 Chinese, Japanese, Englishman-Englishmen, Frenchman-Frenchmen, American-Americans, Arabian-Arabians 内部元音变化 foot-feet, tooth-teeth, man-men, mouse-mice, goose-geese, woman-women 复合名词 在主体名词后加-s,没有主体名词，则直接加-s passer-by → passers-by, go-between→go-betweens mother-in-law → mothers-in-law 特殊变形 ox-oxen, child-children, basis-bases, crisis-crises, medium- media, bacterium-bacteria, analysis-analyses, datum-data, phenomenon-phenomena 三、名词词性转换全攻略 1. 动词→名词高频后缀 后缀 意 义 例 词 -ment 表示行为或结果等 develop→development (发展), improve→improvement (提高、改善), require→requirement (要求) -a/ence 状态性质 perform→performance (表演), differ→difference (区别) -al 特定转换 arrive→arrival (到达), propose→proposal (建议) -ant,-ent 表示人或构件 apply→applicant (申请人), assist→assistant (助手), compone → component (部件，成分) -er 指人或机械 dye→dyer (印染工), absorb→absorber (吸收者), cook→cooker (炊具) -(t)ure 表示“一般状态，行为” fail→failure (失败), mix→mixture (混合), press→pressure (压力) -ence/ance 表示某种状态 / 性质 appear→appearance (外表), differ→difference (差异) -ion/ition/ation 表示行为，过程，结果 decide→decision (决定), combine→combination (结合), definite→ definition (定义) 2. 形容词→名词转换 后缀 示 例 -ness happy→happiness, great→greatness, polite→politeness -y accurate→accuracy, beautiful→beauty -e/ance different→difference, importance→important, significant→significant 3. 易错词性转换 long (adj.) → length (n.) wide (adj.) → width (n.) deep (adj.)→depth (n.) strong (adj.) → strength (n.) 四、高考真题解题四步法 1. 成分定位：精准分析句子结构 核心目标：明确空格在句中承担的语法功能，为后续判断提供依据。 关键点：主语/宾语：名词最常见位置。 主语：空格位于谓语动词前；宾语：空格位于及物动词或介词后；表语：位于系动词后；同位语：解释前文名词；定语：需判断是否为名词所有格。 真题示例： (2022全国乙卷) China has a 　65 (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 分析：空格前有不定冠词a，后接不定式to work，判断为宾语中心语，需填名词。 2. 词性判断：通过成分锁定名词可能性，排除其他词性干扰。 技巧：冠词/形容词后：a/an/the + ___ 或 adj. + ___ → 优先名词 动词后无宾语：若及物动词后无宾语，可能缺名词； 介词后：介词+ ___ → 通常为名词/代词。 易错点： 动名词混淆：如studying看似动词，实为名词。（例：Her method of _________ (study) involves creating mind maps for each subject. → 可填studying） 抽象名词：需根据语境判断（例：Small moments of _________ (happy), like sharing notes with classmates, can relieve stress during intense exam preparation. →填happiness抽象名词） 3. 单复数分析：逻辑与语法双验证 核心目标：通过上下文线索确定名词单复数形式。 判断依据： 冠词提示：a/an + 单数；the + 单/复数；some/many + 复数 谓语动词：主谓一致（例：The ___ are... → 填复数） 数词/限定词：two/several + 复数；each/every + 单数 不可数名词：无复数形式（例：information, advice） 真题示例： (2024全国高考甲卷) They are 62 (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about? 分析：句子主语They are +复数，填treasures。 4. 形式验证：细节决定成败 核心目标：检查名词的形态变化是否符合语法规则。 重点排查： 所有格：名词’s 或 of + 名词； 词形变化：不规则复数和词性转换； 固定搭配：特定短语中的名词形式。 陷阱题示例： The _________ (friend) between gentlemen appears indifferent but is pure like water. 分析：空格需填名词，且被定冠词修饰，且谓语动词是单数形式appears，根据句意填抽象名词friendship而非friends。 五、实战精析 （一）高考练场 1. (2024·全国新课标I卷) These plants included modern Western __________ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. 2. (2024·全国新课标II卷) “Although they could never have met, there are common _______ (theme) in their works,” said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. 3. (2023年新高考英语·全国II卷) Since June 2017, right before the (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 57 (confident) speaking English. 4. (2023年新高考英语·全国甲卷) However, Cason’s theme is a more weighty ________ (warn) about environmental destruction. 5. (2022年新高考英语·全国甲卷) Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road,in order to promote environmental 　 (protect). 6. (2021年新高考英语·全国乙卷) It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 　61　 (educated) about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 　 (develop) of the local areas.  7. (2021年新高考英语·全国II卷) A company _________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over the plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 8. (2020年新课标·全国英语II卷) Also, technological know-how has become a ________ (require) for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most professions.  （二）模拟训练 1.（24-25高三下·江苏·开学考试）The (integrate) of classical culture and modern technology in the exhibition breathed new life into traditional art forms and made them accessible (to) a global audience. 2.（24-25高三下·江苏盐城·阶段练习）When comparing traditional Chinese and Western landscape art, we can detect differences in perspective, the use of color, (compose), and so forth. 3.（24-25高三下·海南海口·阶段练习）They have also incorporated the latest technology _________ (breakthrough) into the development process. 4.（24-25高三下·浙江宁波·阶段练习）Li Ziqi, one of the most popular (influence) in China, made a dramatic return to social media after a three-year hiatus, capturing the (world’s) attention from home and abroad. 5.（24-25高三下·浙江绍兴·阶段练习）China is (an) old and vast country and the mountain ranges, rivers, and deserts create region (border). 6.（2025·重庆·一模）The China Cultural Center in Malta launched its 2024-2025 term on Tuesday, introducing a fresh lineup of classes in Chinese language, traditional Chinese painting, and calligraphy, offering ________ (local) new ways to immerse (沉浸) themselves in Chinese culture. 7.（2024·湖北·一模）Lyu Guofan, chairman of the Henan Association for Science and Technology, says that rural areas are mostly faced with a (short) of teachers and equipment (qualified) for scientific education. 8.（2025·江西南昌·一模）One of the great (strength) of the study is that it includes people with very different levels of fitness and health, (meaning) that everyone, regardless of whether they are very athletic or inactive, can benefit from the knowledge that intensity reduces death. 9.（24-25高三上·辽宁大连·期末）In 2024, China’s museums are witnessing a remarkable revival, drawing _________ (crowd) of visitors and transforming into the most renowned cultural centers (that) combine learning with enjoyment and relaxation. 10.（24-25高三上·福建福州·期中）One success of his work, which beat out over 48,000 (entry) from 100 countries, made him the first Chinese photographer (to receive) the title of wildlife photographer of the year in 2019. 11.（24-25高三下·广东·阶段练习）Zhao’s (fascinate) with the pipa began at the age of four when she ___ (was attracted) by its elegance and the skills of the player. 12.（24-25高三下·海南省·开学考试）As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer _________ (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular. 13.（24-25高三上·安徽合肥·阶段练习）She (was convinced) that the caves’ social importance far outweighed their economic potential and that scientific protection was the key to their (survive). 14.（24-25高三上·福建·期末）To express their (grateful), they gifted Su a lot of pork. 15.（24-25高三上·福建福州·期末）Qianshanchake, a Chinese web (novel) whose work Stacie was included in the library’s collection, expressed excitement and surprise at the recognition. 16.（23-24高三上·全国·阶段练习）An anxious 18-year-old Peng Lanxi got his (admit) letter from Hunan University of Science and Technology on July 26, bringing his dream closer—making prosthetic limbs (假肢) more advanced and (accessible) to people like him. 17.（23-24高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）Moreover, the sugar painting artists have gained increasing _________ (recognize). 18.（24-25高三下·山东临沂·阶段练习）“We’re a late (come), but business is going on well,” he said. 19.（2024·山东潍坊·一模）Over the next three days, (the) humpback whale (座头鲸) swam by several popular tourist destinations, where a journalist took (photo) of the animal seemingly waving its tail at Lady Liberty. 20.（2024·山东潍坊·一模）Still, the (frequent) of whale sightings in the broader area has gone up rapidly in recent years. 21.（24-25高三上·湖北武汉·期末）We require two (repeat) to get to know the pattern, so that the breaking of the pattern in the third character can surprise or amuse us.” 22.（24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）Cultural exchanges and cooperation always stick to inclusiveness and mutual appreciation, using audio or visual works (to enhance) understanding and communication in promoting the __________ (coexist) and development of diverse global cultures. 23.（2024·江西景德镇·一模）The most pressing thing in daily life is the behaviors and emotions that emerge when brain is lacking in critical (nutrient). 24.（24-25高三下·山东泰安·阶段练习）With more (determine) and innovation, even greater achievements are expected. 25.（2024·陕西安康·三模）Today, (variety) of the fruit are grown in warm parts of the world. 26.（2025·山东·模拟预测）Their strong (joint) helped them balance perfectly during fast steps. 27.（24-25高三下·山东聊城·阶段练习）The definition of visual arts is works made to be appreciated by the eye that require skill and (imagine) . 28.（2025·山东·模拟预测）It bears Chinese civilization’s (pursue) of peace and harmony, and reflects the (valuable) views of humanity such as social inclusion and a sound relationship between man and nature. 29.（24-25高三上·山东济宁·期末）These deeply-held (belief) influence the daily lives of the Chinese people, making the Spring Festival a powerful symbol of its cultural identity. 30.（24-25高三上·湖北武汉·阶段练习）And the adoption of small theater formats, enhancing both the audience experience and   (accessible), has also played a crucial role in making this art form resonate with younger opera-goers. （三）语篇填空(名词专练) Since July 2019, China’s online food- 1 (deliver) platform Eleme has carried out a new service of picking up garbage from its 2 in Shanghai. The service comes after a recently-released regulation on waste 3 (manage) in Shanghai. 4 (individual) who throw away their garbage without being sorted out can be fined up to 200 yuan, while 5 (company) and 6 (organize) can face fines up to 50,000 yuan. The trash takeaway service requires residents to sort their own garbage before it is picked up by workers from Eleme, who will ensure the waste is disposed of in the correct garbage bins. It’s obvious that this service is convenient to the old, especially to the disabled customers. However, many 7 (netizen) on Sina Weibo don’t think Eleme is providing a wonderful service, saying it just wants to make money. They think 12 yuan for 8 order is too much. Besides, many more 9 (person) doubt if these 10 (collect) will wash their hands after dealing with the trash. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025届高考语法易错点01 名词 目 录 一、名词核心语法功能深度解析 二、名词分类与考点全解 易错陷阱1 易错陷阱2 三、名词词性转换全攻略 1. 动词→名词高频后缀 2. 形容词→名词转换 3. 易错词性转换 四、高考真题解题四步法 五、实战精析 （一）高考练场 （二）模拟训练 一、名词核心语法功能深度解析 1. 主语位置 纯名词主语：The experiment yielded surprising results. 名词短语主语：The rapid development of AI is changing our lifestyle. 形式主语it替代名词性结构：It is common knowledge that smoking harms health. 2. 宾语位置 动词宾语：She acquired three certificates last year. 介词宾语：There’s great interest in astronomy among students. 双宾语结构：The teacher gave us some advice. 3. 表语位置 系动词后接名词：His dream is becoming a surgeon. 名词作表语的特殊结构：It seems a miracle that he survived. 4. 定语位置 名词直接作定语：college entrance exam 名词所有格作定语：the country’s economic policy 复合名词作定语：a ten-year project 二、名词分类与考点全解 1. 可数名词精细分类 (1)普通可数名词 ①具体实物名词：动物类：dog, cat, elephant；植物类：tree, flower, apple；物品类：book, pen, chair ②抽象概念名词（具体化）：idea, thought, suggestion, problem, difficulty, solution, event, accident, incident (2)特殊可数名词 ①集体名词（既可作单数也可作复数）：family, team, class, government, committee, audience ②工具/器具名词（常以复数形式出现）：scissors, glasses, trousers, scales, jeans, headphones ③学科名词（通常不可数，表示具体应用时可数）：a science (一门科学) → sciences (多门科学)；an art (一种艺术) → arts (多种艺术) ④语言名词（通常不可数，表示具体语言种类时可数）：a foreign language → foreign languages ⑤疾病名词（大多不可数，部分可数）：a cold, a headache, a fever (3)复合可数名词 ①名词+名词：toothbrush, classroom, football ②动名词+名词：swimming pool, reading room ③形容词+名词：blackboard, greenhouse ④动词+副词/介词：passer-by → passers-by, mother-in-law → mothers-in-law (4)易混淆的可数名词 ①不可数名词的可数化用法：coffee → a coffee (一杯咖啡), glass → a glass (一个玻璃杯), paper → a paper (一篇论文/一份报纸) ②单复数同形的名词：sheep, deer, fish, aircraft ③外来词复数形式：analysis → analyses, phenomenon → phenomena, criterion → criteria (5)可数名词的特殊用法 ①常以复数形式出现的名词：congratulations, surroundings, belongings ②表示成对物品的名词：shoes, socks, gloves ③表示数量的名词：dozen, hundred, thousand (前有具体数字时不变复数) 易错陷阱1：可数名词复数形式规则变化是学生应该重视的易错点。 【规律总结】 规 则 例 词 1.一般在名词词尾加-s cook-cooks, cart-carts, look-looks, face-faces 2.以s, x, sh, ch, z结尾的名词，加-es class-classes, fox-foxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes, quiz-quizzes, buzz-buzzes 3.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es；元音字母+y结尾的名词，则不变 family-families, baby-babies, country-countries boy-boys, toy-toys, day-days 4.以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为v加-es。记忆口诀：树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮，架后突出一只狼，就像强盗逃命忙。 leaf-leaves, half-halves, self-selves, wife-wives knife-knives, shelf-shelves, wolf-wolves, thief-thieves, life-lives 以f结尾的名词，直接加-s。记忆口诀：海湾边、屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望，谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上。 gulf-gulfs, roof-roofs, chief-chiefs, serf-serfs belief-beliefs, proof-proofs handkerchief-handkerchiefs /-ves 5.以辅音字母+o结尾的名词，一般加-es；元音字母+o结尾的名词一般加-s hero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes, zoo-zoos studio-studios, radio-radios, video-videos 2. 不可数名词深度掌握 1)经典不可数名词群 抽象概念：knowledge, honesty, patience 学科领域：mathematics, physics, economics 物质材料：water, steel, cotton 集合概念：equipment, furniture, luggage 2)不可数名词量化表达 a piece of information, two cups of coffee, three items of clothing 3. 特殊名词用法突破 易错陷阱2：可数名词复数形式不规则变化易混易错点。 【规律总结】 单复数同形 不规则变化 deer, fish鱼(条数), sheep, cattle, means, aircraft, series, species, police, 表示“某国人”，记忆口诀：中日不变英法变，其余-s加后面 Chinese, Japanese, Englishman-Englishmen, Frenchman-Frenchmen, American-Americans, Arabian-Arabians 内部元音变化 foot-feet, tooth-teeth, man-men, mouse-mice, goose-geese, woman-women 复合名词 在主体名词后加-s,没有主体名词，则直接加-s passer-by → passers-by, go-between→go-betweens mother-in-law → mothers-in-law 特殊变形 ox-oxen, child-children, basis-bases, crisis-crises, medium- media, bacterium-bacteria, analysis-analyses, datum-data, phenomenon-phenomena 三、名词词性转换全攻略 1. 动词→名词高频后缀 后缀 意 义 例 词 -ment 表示行为或结果等 develop→development (发展), improve→improvement (提高、改善), require→requirement (要求) -a/ence 状态性质 perform→performance (表演), differ→difference (区别) -al 特定转换 arrive→arrival (到达), propose→proposal (建议) -ant,-ent 表示人或构件 apply→applicant (申请人), assist→assistant (助手), compone → component (部件，成分) -er 指人或机械 dye→dyer (印染工), absorb→absorber (吸收者), cook→cooker (炊具) -(t)ure 表示“一般状态，行为” fail→failure (失败), mix→mixture (混合), press→pressure (压力) -ence/ance 表示某种状态 / 性质 appear→appearance (外表), differ→difference (差异) -ion/ition/ation 表示行为，过程，结果 decide→decision (决定), combine→combination (结合), definite→ definition (定义) 2. 形容词→名词转换 后缀 示 例 -ness happy→happiness, great→greatness, polite→politeness -y accurate→accuracy, beautiful→beauty -e/ance different→difference, importance→important, significant→significant 3. 易错词性转换 long (adj.) → length (n.) wide (adj.) → width (n.) deep (adj.)→depth (n.) strong (adj.) → strength (n.) 四、高考真题解题四步法 1. 成分定位：精准分析句子结构 核心目标：明确空格在句中承担的语法功能，为后续判断提供依据。 关键点：主语/宾语：名词最常见位置。 主语：空格位于谓语动词前；宾语：空格位于及物动词或介词后；表语：位于系动词后；同位语：解释前文名词；定语：需判断是否为名词所有格。 真题示例： (2022全国乙卷) China has a 　65 (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 分析：空格前有不定冠词a，后接不定式to work，判断为宾语中心语，需填名词。 2. 词性判断：通过成分锁定名词可能性，排除其他词性干扰。 技巧：冠词/形容词后：a/an/the + ___ 或 adj. + ___ → 优先名词 动词后无宾语：若及物动词后无宾语，可能缺名词； 介词后：介词+ ___ → 通常为名词/代词。 易错点： 动名词混淆：如studying看似动词，实为名词。（例：Her method of _________ (study) involves creating mind maps for each subject. → 可填studying） 抽象名词：需根据语境判断（例：Small moments of _________ (happy), like sharing notes with classmates, can relieve stress during intense exam preparation. →填happiness抽象名词） 3. 单复数分析：逻辑与语法双验证 核心目标：通过上下文线索确定名词单复数形式。 判断依据： 冠词提示：a/an + 单数；the + 单/复数；some/many + 复数 谓语动词：主谓一致（例：The ___ are... → 填复数） 数词/限定词：two/several + 复数；each/every + 单数 不可数名词：无复数形式（例：information, advice） 真题示例： (2024全国高考甲卷) They are 62 (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about? 分析：句子主语They are +复数，填treasures。 4. 形式验证：细节决定成败 核心目标：检查名词的形态变化是否符合语法规则。 重点排查： 所有格：名词’s 或 of + 名词； 词形变化：不规则复数和词性转换； 固定搭配：特定短语中的名词形式。 陷阱题示例： The _________ (friend) between gentlemen appears indifferent but is pure like water. 分析：空格需填名词，且被定冠词修饰，且谓语动词是单数形式appears，根据句意填抽象名词friendship而非friends。 五、实战精析 （一）高考练场 1. (2024·全国新课标I卷) These plants included modern Western __________ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. 【解析】favorites 考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。 2. (2024·全国新课标II卷) “Although they could never have met, there are common _______ (theme) in their works,” said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. 【解析】themes 考查名词的数。句意：莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说，尽管他们从未见过面，但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词“are”可判断，本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。 3. (2023年新高考英语·全国II卷) Since June 2017, right before the (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 57 (confident) speaking English. 【解析】arrival 考查名词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。 4. (2023年新高考英语·全国甲卷) However, Cason’s theme is a more weighty ________ (warn) about environmental destruction. 【解析】warning 考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。 5. (2022年新高考英语·全国甲卷) Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road,in order to promote environmental 　 (protect). 【解析】考查名词。分析句子结构可知，所填的词作宾语，所以用名词形式，故填protection。 6. (2021年新高考英语·全国乙卷) It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 　61　 (educated) about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 　 (develop) of the local areas.  【解析】考查名词。根据空格前面的定冠词the可知，所填的词是名词形式，故用development。 7. (2021年新高考英语·全国II卷) A company _________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over the plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 【解析】考查名词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1,200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空做句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。 8. (2020年新课标·全国英语II卷) Also, technological know-how has become a ________ (require) for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most professions.  【解析】考查名词。根据前面的冠词a可知，所填的词是单数可数名词。故用requirement。 （二）模拟训练 1.（24-25高三下·江苏·开学考试）The (integrate) of classical culture and modern technology in the exhibition breathed new life into traditional art forms and made them accessible (to) a global audience. 【解析】integration 考查名词。句意：古典文化和现代科技在展览中的融合为传统艺术形式注入了新的活力，使它们能够为全球观众所接受。根据空前的定冠词The可知，此处应填名词，作句子的主语，故填integration。 2.（24-25高三下·江苏盐城·阶段练习）When comparing traditional Chinese and Western landscape art, we can detect differences in perspective, the use of color, (compose), and so forth. 【解析】composition 考查名词。句意：当比较中国传统山水画和西方风景画时，我们可以发现两者在透视、色彩运用、构图等方面存在差异。分析句子可知，perspective、the use of color和本空是并列关系，都作in的宾语，所以这里要用compose的名词形式composition，表“构图”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填composition。 3.（24-25高三下·海南海口·阶段练习）They have also incorporated the latest technology _________ (breakthrough) into the development process. 【解析】breakthroughs 考查名词复数。句意：他们还将最新的技术突破融入到开发过程中。空格处需要名词作宾语，“突破”不止一个，应用复数形式。故填breakthroughs。 4.（24-25高三下·浙江宁波·阶段练习）Li Ziqi, one of the most popular (influence) in China, made a dramatic return to social media after a three-year hiatus, capturing the (world’s) attention from home and abroad. 【解析】influencers 考查名词复数。句意：李子柒，中国最受欢迎的网红之一，在阔别三年后戏剧性地回归社交媒体，吸引了国内外的关注。one of后接名词复数，表示“……之一”，故填influencers。 5.（24-25高三下·浙江绍兴·阶段练习）China is (an) old and vast country and the mountain ranges, rivers, and deserts create region (border). 【解析】borders 考查名词复数。句意：中国是一个古老而辽阔的国家，山脉、河流和沙漠形成了地区的边界。根据空格前的动词create可知，空格处应该用名词border作宾语，可数名词，此处应该用复数形式表示泛指。故填borders。 6.（2025·重庆·一模）The China Cultural Center in Malta launched its 2024-2025 term on Tuesday, introducing a fresh lineup of classes in Chinese language, traditional Chinese painting, and calligraphy, offering ________ (local) new ways to immerse (沉浸) themselves in Chinese culture. 【解析】locals 考查名词复数。句意：周二，马耳他中国文化中心启动了2024-2025学年，引入了汉语、中国传统绘画和书法等新课程，为当地人提供了沉浸在中国文化中的新方式。local意为“本地人”，是可数名词，不止一个，因此用复数。故填locals。 7.（2024·湖北·一模）Lyu Guofan, chairman of the Henan Association for Science and Technology, says that rural areas are mostly faced with a (short) of teachers and equipment (qualified) for scientific education. 【解析】shortage 考查名词。句意：河南省科学技术协会主席吕国藩表示，农村地区主要面临着科学教育教师和设备短缺的问题。短语a shortage of表示“短缺”。故填shortage。 8.（2025·江西南昌·一模）One of the great (strength) of the study is that it includes people with very different levels of fitness and health, (meaning) that everyone, regardless of whether they are very athletic or inactive, can benefit from the knowledge that intensity reduces death. 【解析】strengths 考查名词的数。句意：这项研究的一大优势在于，它包括了健身和健康水平非常不同的人，这意味着每个人，无论他们是运动健将还是不爱运动，都可以从强度降低死亡率的知识中受益。“one of +可数名词复数”表示“……之一”，所以strength应用复数形式，故填strengths。 9.（24-25高三上·辽宁大连·期末）In 2024, China’s museums are witnessing a remarkable revival, drawing _________ (crowd) of visitors and transforming into the most renowned cultural centers (that) combine learning with enjoyment and relaxation. 【解析】crowds 考查名词。句意：2024年，中国的博物馆将迎来一场引人注目的复兴，吸引着大批游客，成为集学习与娱乐休闲于一体的最著名的文化中心。此处是固定搭配：crowds of意为“一群；成群的”。故填crowds。 10.（24-25高三上·福建福州·期中）One success of his work, which beat out over 48,000 (entry) from 100 countries, made him the first Chinese photographer (to receive) the title of wildlife photographer of the year in 2019. 【解析】entries 考查名词。句意：他的作品击败了来自100个国家的4.8万多名参赛作品，使他成为2019年第一个获得年度野生动物摄影师称号的中国摄影师。entry“参赛作品”为可数名词，结合over 48,000可知，此处用名词复数形式entries。故填entries。 11.（24-25高三下·广东·阶段练习）Zhao’s (fascinate) with the pipa began at the age of four when she ___ (was attracted) by its elegance and the skills of the player. 【解析】fascination 考查名词。句意：赵对琵琶的迷恋始于四岁，当时她被琵琶的优雅和演奏者的技巧所吸引。作句子的主语，用名词fascination，故填fascination。 12.（24-25高三下·海南省·开学考试）As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer _________ (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular. 【解析】times 考查名词。句意：随着人们现在选择穿衣的次数增多，但每次穿的衣服件数减少，服装租赁服务变得越来越受欢迎。time意为“次数”，为可数名词，fewer修饰可数名词复数形式。故填times。 13.（24-25高三上·安徽合肥·阶段练习）She (was convinced) that the caves’ social importance far outweighed their economic potential and that scientific protection was the key to their (survive). 【解析】survival 考查名词。句意：她深信这些石窟的社会重要性远远超过其经济潜力，并且科学保护是其生存的关键。survive是动词，空处需要名词形式为survival，由上文their修饰。故填survival。 14.（24-25高三上·福建·期末）To express their (grateful), they gifted Su a lot of pork. 【解析】gratitude 考查名词。句意：为了表达他们的感激之情，他们送给苏很多猪肉。设空处使用grateful的名词gratitude作宾语，意为“感激”，不可数。故填gratitude。 15.（24-25高三上·福建福州·期末）Qianshanchake, a Chinese web (novel) whose work Stacie was included in the library’s collection, expressed excitement and surprise at the recognition. 【解析】novelist 考查名词。句意：中国网络小说家千山茶客（千山茶客的作品《Stacie》被列入该图书馆藏书）对这一认可表示兴奋和惊讶。作同位语，表示“小说家”用名词novelist，不定冠词提示用单数。故填novelist。 16.（23-24高三上·全国·阶段练习）An anxious 18-year-old Peng Lanxi got his (admit) letter from Hunan University of Science and Technology on July 26, bringing his dream closer—making prosthetic limbs (假肢) more advanced and (accessible) to people like him. 【解析】admission 考查名词。句意：7月26日，焦虑的18岁的彭兰溪收到了湖南科技大学的录取通知书，这让他的梦想更加接近，他的梦想是让假肢更先进，更容易被像他这样的人使用。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词，作定语，修饰后面的名词letter。admission letter意为“录取通知书”。故填admission。 17.（23-24高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）Moreover, the sugar painting artists have gained increasing _________ (recognize). 【解析】recognition 考查名词。句意：此外，糖画艺术家获得了越来越多的认可。此处应用名词recognition表示“认可”作宾语。故填recognition。 18.（24-25高三下·山东临沂·阶段练习）“We’re a late (come), but business is going on well,” he said. 【解析】comer 考查名词。句意：他说：“我们起步较晚，但生意进展得很顺利。”空处为名词形式作表语；根据空前的“a”可知，空处意为“初来者”comer，单数形式。故填comer。 19.（2024·山东潍坊·一模）Over the next three days, (the) humpback whale (座头鲸) swam by several popular tourist destinations, where a journalist took (photo) of the animal seemingly waving its tail at Lady Liberty. 【解析】photos 考查名词的数。句意：在接下来的三天里，这头座头鲸游过几个著名的旅游景点，一名记者在那里拍下了这头动物似乎在向自由女神摇尾巴的照片。photo为可数名词，表示“拍照”短语为take photos。故填photos。 20.（2024·山东潍坊·一模）Still, the (frequent) of whale sightings in the broader area has gone up rapidly in recent years. 【解析】frequency 考查名词。句意：尽管如此，近年来在更大范围内看到鲸鱼的频率仍在迅速上升。设空处作主语，表示“频率”应用名词frequency，抽象概念，不可数。故填frequency。 21.（24-25高三上·湖北武汉·期末）We require two (repeat) to get to know the pattern, so that the breaking of the pattern in the third character can surprise or amuse us.” 【解析】repetitions 考查名词复数。句意：“原因很明显，”哈特解释道。我们需要两次重复来了解这个模式，这样第三个人打破模式就会给我们带来惊喜或乐趣。”根据空前“two”可知，这里用名词复数，作动词“require”的宾语。“repeat”，动词，意为“重复，再做”，其名词形式为“repetition (重演，重复)”，作可数名词，这里用复数。故填repetitions。 22.（24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）Cultural exchanges and cooperation always stick to inclusiveness and mutual appreciation, using audio or visual works (to enhance) understanding and communication in promoting the __________ (coexist) and development of diverse global cultures. 【解析】coexistence 考查名词。句意：文化交流与合作始终秉持包容与相互欣赏的原则，通过音频或视觉作品增进理解与沟通，推动全球多元文化的共存与发展。此处作宾语，应用名词coexistence，表示“共存”。故填coexistence。 23.（2024·江西景德镇·一模）The most pressing thing in daily life is the behaviors and emotions that emerge when brain is lacking in critical (nutrient). 【解析】nutrients 考查名词。句意：日常生活中最迫切的问题是大脑缺乏关键营养素时出现的行为和情绪问题。nutrient为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需用名词复数形式。故填nutrients。 24.（24-25高三下·山东泰安·阶段练习）With more (determine) and innovation, even greater achievements are expected. 【解析】determination 考查名词。句意：有了更多的决心和创新，预计将会取得更大的成就。本空作介词With的宾语，所以应用名词形式，determine的名词形式为determination“决心，毅力”。故填determination。 25.（2024·陕西安康·三模）Today, (variety) of the fruit are grown in warm parts of the world. 【解析】varieties 考查名词。句意：今天，各种各样的水果生长在世界上温暖的地方。varieties of...是固定短语，意为“各种各样的”。故填varieties。 26.（2025·山东·模拟预测）Their strong (joint) helped them balance perfectly during fast steps. 【解析】joints 考查名词。句意：它们强壮的关节帮助它们在快速舞步中保持完美平衡。根据后文的“them”可知，此处应用名词复数形式。故填joints。 27.（24-25高三下·山东聊城·阶段练习）The definition of visual arts is works made to be appreciated by the eye that require skill and (imagine) . 【解析】imagination 考查名词。句意：视觉艺术是指用眼睛欣赏的，需要用技巧和想象力创作的作品。根据设空前的 and可知，所填词应是名词，与 skill并列。故填 imagination。 28.（2025·山东·模拟预测）It bears Chinese civilization’s (pursue) of peace and harmony, and reflects the (valuable) views of humanity such as social inclusion and a sound relationship between man and nature. 【解析】pursuit 考查名词。句意：它承载了中华文明对和平与和谐的追求，体现了社会包容、人与自然的良好关系等人类的宝贵理念。此处作动词的宾语，应用名词pursuit“追求”。故填pursuit。 29.（24-25高三上·山东济宁·期末）These deeply-held (belief) influence the daily lives of the Chinese people, making the Spring Festival a powerful symbol of its cultural identity. 【解析】beliefs 考查名词复数。句意：这些深刻的信仰影响中国人民的日常生活，使春节成为其文化身份的有力象征。belief意为“信仰、信念”，为可数名词，再根据“influence”可知，需用名词复数形式作主语。故填beliefs。 30.（24-25高三上·湖北武汉·阶段练习）And the adoption of small theater formats, enhancing both the audience experience and   (accessible), has  also played a crucial role in making this art form resonate with younger opera-goers. 【解析】accessibility 考查名词。句意：此外，采用小剧场形式，既提升了观众的观剧体验，又提高了戏曲的可及性，在使这种艺术形式吸引年轻观众方面也发挥了至关重要的作用。空处为名词形式担当宾语，意为“可及性”，用名词“accessibility”。故填accessibility。 （三）语篇填空(名词专练) Since July 2019, China’s online food- 1 (deliver) platform Eleme has carried out a new service of picking up garbage from its 2 in Shanghai. The service comes after a recently-released regulation on waste 3 (manage) in Shanghai. 4 (individual) who throw away their garbage without being sorted out can be fined up to 200 yuan, while 5 (company) and 6 (organize) can face fines up to 50,000 yuan. The trash takeaway service requires residents to sort their own garbage before it is picked up by workers from Eleme, who will ensure the waste is disposed of in the correct garbage bins. It’s obvious that this service is convenient to the old, especially to the disabled customers. However, many 7 (netizen) on Sina Weibo don’t think Eleme is providing a wonderful service, saying it just wants to make money. They think 12 yuan for 8 order is too much. Besides, many more 9 (person) doubt if these 10 (collect) will wash their hands after dealing with the trash. 【答案】1. delivery 2. users 3. management 4. individuals 5. companies 6. organizations 7. netizens 8. an 9. people 10. collectors 1. delivery 考查名词。和其前的名词food一起，构成一个合成词，修饰后面的名词platform。故填delivery。 2. users 考查名词复数。空前有形容词性物主代词its，因此此空应用名词形式。另外根据上下文意思来看，这里应该用复数形式。故填users。 3. management 考查名词。空前有形容词waste，因此此空应用名词形式。故填management。 4. Individuals 考查名词复数。根据此空后的定语从句who throw away their garbage来判断，这里应该用复数形式，表示泛指。另外此处在句首，第一个字母要大写。故填Individuals。 5. companies 考查名词复数。句意：未进行垃圾分类就随意丢弃垃圾的个人，将被处以最高200元的罚款，而企业或组织最高则会被处以50,000元的。根据句意和句子结构来看，这里应该用名词的复数形式。故填companies。 6. organizations 考查名词复数。句意同上。故填organizations。 7. netizens 考查名词复数。此空前有many，它一般修饰可数名词复数形式。故填netizens。 8. an 考查冠词。句意：他们认为12元订购一份太多了。此处指“订一份”，应用不定冠词。另外，order是一个以元音音素开头的词。故填an。 9. people 考查名词复数。此空前有many more，它一般修饰可数名词复数形式。故填people。 10. collectors 考查名词复数。此空前有these，它一般修饰可数名词复数形式。故填collectors。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$