专题03 非谓语动词复习【考点串讲+强化练习】-2024-2025学年高二年级英语下学期期末考点大串讲（人教版2019）

专题03 非谓语动词练习 一. 动词不定式 1.(2024新课标I卷)The design features ten steel “sepals(萼片)” made of glass and aluminium(铝). These sepals open on warm days ________(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 详解：考查非谓语动词。句意：温室在温暖的日子里开放，利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“使用某物去做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to give。 2.(2024新课标II卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ________(find) the connection between the two great writers. 详解：考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。 3.(2024浙江1月卷)The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ________(benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 详解：考查动词不定式。句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。 4.(2023新课标I卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether ________(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 详解：考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。 5.(2023新课标I卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ________(lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents. 详解：考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted。故填to be lifted。 6.(2022新课标I卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ________(increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 详解：考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语，做目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。 7.(2022新课标II卷)Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ________(see) them. 详解：考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们(外面玩闹的孩子们。)，故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。 8.(2022新课标II卷改编)He saved my son’s life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know how ________(thank) him.” 详解：考查非谓语动词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。故填to thank。 9.(2022浙江1月卷)That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ________(continue) the practice. 详解：考查非谓语动词。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth“计划做”，故填to continue。 10.(2022浙江卷)Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not ________(do). 详解：考查非谓语动词。句意：通过触摸，这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”为固定短语。故填to do。 11.(2021新课标II卷)I decided to do something ________(educate) people about this problem. 详解：考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构，__________ (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语，用不定式，所以填to educate。 12.(2021浙江卷)Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ________(plant) flowers in the front yard. 详解：考查非谓语动词。考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝•托德•华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。 13.(2020·浙江卷)Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ________(change)lives. 详解：考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式作定语。故填to change。 14.(2020浙江1月卷)Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950 was 30; today it is 41 and is expected ________(increase)to 42 by 2050. 详解：考查非谓语动词。句意同上。根据短语be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”后跟不定式，故填to increase。 二. 动名词 1.(2020新课标) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or ________(walk) through a rainforest. 详解：考查非谓语动词。考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同作imagine的宾语，imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。 考点三. 现在分词短语 1.(2024新课标II卷) ________(recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 详解：考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。 2.(2022新课标I卷)________(cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 详解：考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语，cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。 3.(2021新课标II卷)I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ________(think)it is food. 详解：考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构，________(think)it is food.用作状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填thinking。 4.(2023新课标II卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ________(visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 详解：考查形容词。句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语；visit对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”。故填visiting。 5.(2022新课标II卷)When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony(阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ________(fall) child. 详解：考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1.2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。 6.(2022浙江卷)Blind people recognize shapes with their ________(exist) senses, in a way similar to that of ________(sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist. 详解：考查非谓语动词。句意：哈佛大学的科学家埃拉•斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说，盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状，在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词existing作定语，修饰sense。形容词sighted作定语修饰名词people，表示“能看见的、不盲的”。故填existing, sighted。 7(2021新课标I卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ________(ache) legs. 详解：考查非谓语动词。修饰legs用现在分词aching，表示主动和进行的动作。故填aching。 8.(2021浙江1月卷)This may be due to some disadvantages for people ________(live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. 详解：考查非谓语动词。结合语境空白处需要一个现在分词作定语，表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。故填living。 9.(2023新课标I卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ________(want) more next time. 详解：考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting。故填wanting。 考点四. 过去分词短语 1.(2024新课标II卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ________(inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 详解：考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。 2.(2024浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs ________(design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 详解：考查过去分词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。 3.(2024新课标I卷)These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays ________(close) to protect the plants. 详解：考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。故填closed。 4.(2023新课标I卷)Shanghai may be the ________(recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace. 详解：考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recognized。 5.(2023浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ________(surround) in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. 详解：考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝，紫禁城是中心，它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构，was是谓语动词，空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语，主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。 6.(2021浙江卷1月)In 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ________(study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. 详解：考查非谓语动词。句意：1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是had，所以study用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是countries，表被动关系，故填studied。 7.(2021新课标I卷)But that’s how nature is —always leaving us ________(astonish). 详解：考查非谓语动词。句意为：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。作宾补,所以用形容词,表示人"吃惊的",故填astonished. 8.(2020浙江卷1月)The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large ________(compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population 详解：考查非谓语动词。句意：首先是出生率的下降，这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多，因此，平均而言，人口比以前老龄化。Compare与old generation之间表示被动关系，故填compared。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 非谓语动词练习 一. 动词不定式 1.(2024新课标I卷)The design features ten steel “sepals(萼片)” made of glass and aluminium(铝). These sepals open on warm days ________(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 2.(2024新课标II卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ________(find) the connection between the two great writers. 3.(2024浙江1月卷)The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ________(benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 4.(2023新课标I卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether ________(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 5.(2023新课标I卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ________(lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents. 6.(2022新课标I卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ________(increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 7.(2022新课标II卷)Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ________(see) them. 8.(2022新课标II卷改编)He saved my son’s life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know how ________(thank) him.” 9.(2022浙江1月卷)That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ________(continue) the practice. 10.(2022浙江卷)Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not ________(do). 11.(2021新课标II卷)I decided to do something ________(educate) people about this problem. 12.(2021浙江卷)Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ________(plant) flowers in the front yard. 13.(2020·浙江卷)Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ________(change)lives. 14.(2020浙江1月卷)Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950 was 30; today it is 41 and is expected ________(increase)to 42 by 2050. 二. 动名词 1.(2020新课标) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or ________(walk) through a rainforest. 考点三. 现在分词短语 1.(2024新课标II卷) ________(recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 2.(2022新课标I卷)________(cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 3.(2021新课标II卷)I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ________(think)it is food. 4.(2023新课标II卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ________(visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 5.(2022新课标II卷)When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony(阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ________(fall) child. 6.(2022浙江卷)Blind people recognize shapes with their ________(exist) senses, in a way similar to that of ________(sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist. 7(2021新课标I卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ________(ache) legs. 8.(2021浙江1月卷)This may be due to some disadvantages for people ________(live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. 9.(2023新课标I卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ________(want) more next time. 考点四. 过去分词短语 1.(2024新课标II卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ________(inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 2.(2024浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs ________(design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 3.(2024新课标I卷)These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays ________(close) to protect the plants. 4.(2023新课标I卷)Shanghai may be the ________(recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace. 5.(2023浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ________(surround) in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. 6.(2021浙江卷1月)In 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ________(study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. 7.(2021新课标I卷)But that’s how nature is —always leaving us ________(astonish). 8.(2020浙江卷1月)The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large ________(compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 非谓语动词复习 目 录 CONTENT 非谓语动词概述 非谓语动词练习 2 3 3 1 5 非谓语动词用法 目 录 CONTENT 非谓语动词概述 3 1 5 谓语的时态和语态： ｛ 过去将来时：would do 被动：would be done 将来时 一般过去时：did 被动：was/were done 一般现在时：do/does 被动：am/is/are done 一般将来时：will do 被动：will be done ｛ 一般完成时：have/has done 被动：have/has been done 过去完成时：had done 被动：had been done 完成时 现在进行时： am/is/are doing 被动：am/is/are being done 过去进行时： was/were doing 被动：was/were being done ｛ 进行时 将来进行时：will be doing 被动： will be being done 完成进行时：have/has/had been doing 非谓语: ｛ doing(主动进行) done（被动完成） to do （将来） ｛ having done having been done being done to be done … 常见的变形 考点一：非谓语动词的时态和语态 　　非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(动词-ing形式和-ed形式),即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。 非谓语动词的时态语态一览表 类别 时态形式 语态形式 主动 被动 动词不定式 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing — 完成式 to have done to have been done 动词-ing 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 过去分词 一般式 done — 1.主、被动形式 非谓语动词与逻辑主语(通常是句子的主语)之间存在主谓、动宾关系。与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时,用主动形式;与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系时, 用被动形式。 ※I got a letter saying that I was admitted to a key university. ※The bridge to be built will be the longest one on this river. 2.时间先后关系 根据非谓语动词与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系定时态: (1)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生, 用非谓语动词的一般式; (2)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前, 用非谓语动词的完成式。 ※Hearing the inspiring news, they all jumped with joy. ※I seem to have involved myself in something I don’t understand. 目 录 CONTENT 2 3 5 非谓语动词用法 考点二：非谓语动词作主语、表语 1.非谓语动词中能作主语的有动词-ing形式和不定式。 (1)动词-ing形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作,不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。 ※Listening to music is my sister’s hobby. ※To do this is to cut the foot to fit the shoe. (2)it作形式主语, 代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动词-ing形式。常见句型有: It is/was no use/good+doing sth.; It is/was not of any use/good+doing sth.; It is/was of little use/good+doing sth.; It is/was useless doing sth.; It’s a waste of time doing sth.;It is/was+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.等。 ※It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. ※It is no good trying that method, because it won’t work. ※It is important for us to meet personally although we have been in touch in various ways. 2.非谓语动词中能作表语的有动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式和不定式。注意动词-ing形式作表语意为“令人感到……的”, 而过去分词作表语意为本身“感到……的”。 ※The aim of the festival is to increase awareness of Hindu culture and traditions. ※At first she was terrified, then she pulled herself together. ※The radiation of nuclear bombing is terrifying. 考点三：非谓语动词作宾语 1.只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语: suggest, imagine, mind, admit, practice, allow, risk, keep, keep on, avoid, escape, enjoy, consider, excuse, finish, miss, insist on, look forward to, feel like, get down to, object to等。 2.只能跟不定式作宾语的动词:agree, intend/plan, demand, promise, help, prepare, decide, refuse, choose, wish/hope, want, expect, fail, pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim,hesitate, happen等。 3.既可跟动词-ing形式又可跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语: remember,forget, regret, stop, go on, mean, start, begin, try等。如: ※Do you remember being introduced to our president when you visited our school last month? ※I regret to inform you he died as a consequence of his injuries. 4.不定式作decide, know, consider, forget, learn,remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out,explain, tell等动词或动词短语的宾语时, 前面常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who等。 ※The father wondered how to answer his son’s question. 5.need, require, want作“需要”讲, deserve作“应受, 应得”讲时, 其后接动词-ing形式的主动形式表被动意义或不定式的被动结构。 ※This work needs doing/to be done carefully. ※The boy richly deserved punishing. 6.固定句式do/have/其他动词+sth.+but/except(to) do sth.中的不定式用法。此结构要遵循前有实义动词do, but后则无to,反之则有to的原则。 ※I have nothing but praise for the police. ※I have a lot of homework every day, and I have no choice but to do it. 考点四：非谓语动词作宾语补足语 1.“五看二听一感觉”的感官动词和短语(see, watch,observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel)后面的宾语补足语有三种常见的非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原),doing表主动或正在进行,done表被动或完成。 ※I heard her singing an English song when I passed by. ※I didn’t notice him get on the same bus. 2.动词let, make, have, get, leave, keep, find后接非谓语动词形式作宾语补足语。 ※The teacher had us make up conversations during classes. ※The teacher got the students to look up all the words they didn’t know. 3.固定短语,如advise/allow/encourage/request/warn sb.to do sth.等。 ※The police examined the cars and allowed them to go ahead. 4.with/without复合结构常用形式: ※With the teacher standing beside, she felt a bit uneasy. ※With all the work finished , they went out to play. ※I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. 考点五：非谓语动词作定语 1.动词不定式作定语 (1)动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后, 与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。 ※He was the last one to leave school yesterday.(主谓关系) ※She has a lot of work to do in the morning.(动宾关系) 点津: 动词不定式既可用主动形式也可用被动形式,但其含义有所不同。试比较: ※Do you have anything to buy?(动作的执行者是“你”) ※Do you have anything to be bought?(动作的执行者是“我”或“别人”) (2)当名词或代词被序数词、形容词最高级、the last、 the only等修饰,且非谓语动词与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时,常用动词不定式作定语。 ※The best place to catch fish on a canal is close to a lock. (3)当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时,常用不定式作后置定语,且不定式常用主动形式。常见的此类名词有ability,chance,idea,attempt,plan,way,opportunity等。 ※We should develop the students’ ability to solve problems. 点津: 在作定语的动词不定式中,如果其中的动词是不及物动词,不定式后面就要用必要的介词。但是如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way等,不定式后面的介词习惯上可以省去。 ※Would you please give me some paper to write on? ※The shopping mall is a good place to go. 2.动词-ing形式作定语 当动词与被修饰的名词之间为主谓关系或用来表示被修饰的名词的用途时, 用动词-ing形式。 ※The child standing over there is my brother. 点津: 被修饰的名词与修饰词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时, 用动词-ing形式的被动形式作定语, 表示该动作的被动和进行。 ※The house being built over there will be our new library. 3.动词-ed形式作定语 动词-ed形式作定语,分词与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。 ※The book written by Mo Yan is very popular. 点津: 作定语的非谓语动词的分词形式为doing和done,doing表示正在进行; done表示已经完成。 boiling water正在沸腾的水　boiled water开水 考点六：非谓语动词作状语 1.动词不定式作状语,表示目的、结果、原因等。 (1)作目的状语, 有时用in order to或so as to,但so as to不用于句首。 ※(2019·江苏高考) To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones. ※In order to catch the train, she hurried through her work. (2)作结果状语,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语,常用结构enough to, so/such...as to, too...to..., only to等。 ※You’re old enough to travel on the train by yourself. ※He was so foolish as to leave his car unlocked. (3)作原因状语, 此时常与表示情感的形容词连用, 如glad, happy, frightened, surprised等。 ※He was surprised to find his room thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in perfect order. 点津: 动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语的形容词easy, hard, difficult, pleasant, good, fit, comfortable等后面作状语,构成“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构,不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。 ※The materials are soft and comfortable to wear. 2.动词-ing形式作状语 动词-ing形式作状语, 常表原因、伴随、时间、结果等,与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 ※We hear of women who run away, leaving behind their homes and families. ※(2020·天津高考)The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet clapping for 10 minutes at the end of the show. 点津: 动词不定式作结果状语时, 常表示意想不到的结果;而动词-ing形式作结果状语时, 常表示自然而然的结果。 ※He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left. 3.动词-ed形式作状语 (1)动词-ed形式作状语, 分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。 ※(2020·江苏高考)Technological innovations, combined with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products. (2)某些动词-ed形式已经形容词化, 且往往用于一些系表结构中, 此时这些动词-ed形式既不表示被动, 也不表示完成, 而表示一种状态, 如lost(迷路的), seated(坐着的), hidden(隐藏的), lost/absorbed in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿着……的), tired of(对……感到厌倦的)等。 ※He hid his face in his hands again, lost in his own thoughts. ※He was a big man in his forties, smartly dressed in a suit and tie. 点津: 有部分分词或不定式短语作状语,其动词形式的选择不受上下文的影响,这种结构称为独立成分。常用的有considering ... (鉴于,考虑到); generally speaking(总的来说); judging by/from ...(从……来看,依据……来判断);supposing that ... (假定……); providing that... (假定……);given that...(鉴于,由于……)。 4.独立主格结构 (1)独立主格结构的特点: a.独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在; b.独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系; c.独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。 (2)独立主格结构的构成:　 名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。 ※Every morning the old man walks in the park, his pet dog following him along(=and his pet dog follows him along). ※She stood there, her eyes looking upward into the sky and her hands crossed on her breast. 语法填空题考法 1.三种非谓语动词作状语的基本区别 (1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系, 且正在进行, 要想到用现在分词形式(doing); (2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系, 且表完成, 要想到用过去分词形式(done); (3)若非谓语动词表将来的动作, 作状语表示目的, 在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等, 要想到用不定式形式(to do)。 2.掌握非谓语动词的句型公式 It’s+形容词+(for/of sb.+) to do sth.; It’s no good/use/pleasure doing sth.; find/think/believe/consider+it+ adj.+to do sth.。 3.牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的动词 4.巧辨谓语动词和非谓语动词 (1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句, 必须要有谓语, 一般空格所在的句子中无其他动词, 则填谓语动词。谓语动词要考虑时态、语态、主谓一致等; (2)若句中找到了谓语动词, 而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时, 则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。非谓语动词需要确定是-ing 形式、过去分词形式还是不定式形式。 目 录 CONTENT 非谓语动词练习 3 3 5 1．(2024·浙江高考1月)However, if you're shopping for one, buying extra ________ (benefit) from price reductions doesn't make sense. 答案： to benefit　设空处指多买一件来享受降价，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。 2．(2024·浙江高考1月)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs ________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份)． 答案：designed　逻辑主语packs与动词design之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填designed。 答案 3．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether ________ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 答案：to bite　句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须决定是先咬一个小口，释放里面的蒸气，使汤汁流出，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤汁在舌头上四溢。设空处与后面的to put 并列，需用动词不定式与whether构成“疑问词＋不定式”结构作宾语。故填to bite。 答案 4．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the ________ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao's birthplace. 答案：recognized　设空处在名词home前面需用分词作定语，设空处与被修饰词home是逻辑上的动宾关系，需用过去分词作定语。recognized “被公认的”。故填recognized。 答案 5．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 答案： to be lifted　固定搭配allow sb to do sth “允许某人做某事”，设空处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，lift与宾语them(小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系，设空处需用动词不定式的被动形式。故填to be lifted。 6．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ________ (want) more next time. 答案： wanting　句中已有谓语动词am left，设空处应用非谓语。此处为“leave＋sb＋宾补”结构，I与want为主动关系，应用现在分词作宾补。故填wanting。 答案 7．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ________ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 答案： visiting　句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。设空后是名词，所以设空处应用非谓语动词作定语修饰Chinese zookeepers；visit与其逻辑主语Chinese zookeepers为主动关系，应用现在分词，表示“来访的”。故填visiting。 答案 8．(2023·浙江高考1月)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ________ (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. 答案： surrounded　句意：在明朝，紫禁城是中心，它被由内城和外城构成的同心圆包围。was是谓语动词，设空处需要用非谓语动词作状语，主语the center和surround之间是动宾关系，需用过去分词。故填surrounded。 9．(2022·全国甲卷)Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 答案： held　句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。hold与the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation为被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填held。 答案 10．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth­floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2­metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ________ (fall) child. 答案： falling　句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1.2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。child和fall之间是主动关系，此处表示正在进行，应用现在分词作定语。故填falling。 答案 1.Yesterday,I__________（give）two tickets for it. I got dressed beautifully and went to the new movie theater downtown。 2.I _________ (tell) that the theater was big at one time. 练一练 was given [解析]考查动词时态语态。本句中主语I与谓语动词give构成被动关系，且事情发生在昨天应用一般过去时，主语为I，谓语动词用单数。故填was given. was told 【解析】考查动词时态语态。此处主语I与tell构成被动关系，且描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时，主语为I，谓语动词用单数。故填was told。 1 (T30)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, ________ (wonder) whether to stay or leave. wondering 【解析】考查非谓语动词。主句的主语she与动词wonder构成逻辑上的主动关系，因此用v.­ing形式作伴随状语。句意：当那个小职员看到一张善良的面孔泛起皱纹并歉意地一笑时，她像生了根一样站在那儿，不知道是走还是留。 2(T21)_______ (catch)the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. To catch 【解析】试题分析：句意：为了赶上早班的飞机，我们提前叫了出租车并且起得很早。这里逻辑主语是we，空中用不定式作目的状语，表示提前交出租车并且早起的目的。 4(T31)If _______ (accept)for the job, you’ll be informed soon. accepted 【解析】试题分析：句意：如果录用你了，我们将很快通知你。本句条件状语从句中省略了主语you，与accept构成被动关系，用过去分词accepted。 3(T18)Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother __________(take)good care of at home. taken 【解析】试题分析：句意：在非洲医疗援助两年回来后，Dr. Lee很高兴看见妈妈被照顾得很好。his mother和take care of是被动关系，用过去分词做宾语补足语。 5(T6)______ (raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star. 7(T18)Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it_______________ (perform) live is quite another. 8(T8)______________(work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. Raised 【解析】试题分析：句意：他在格拉斯哥最穷的地方长大，要想成为足球明星还有很长的路要走。根据句意可知raise这个动词的主语是he，他在这个地方长大，两者之间是主谓关系。 being performed 【解析】试题分析：句意：在家里面听音乐是一回事，去到现场听又是另一回事。hear sb/sth doing 表听到某人某物做某事。由于音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动。 Having worked 【解析】试题分析：句意：工作了两天，Steve成功的按时完成了他的报告。句中的逻辑主语为Steve，与work之间为主动关系，故用现在分词，这里用having worked，表示动作的先后性。 6(T14)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _______ (allow) more patients to be treated. allowing 【解析】试题分析：句意：近期这个医院得到了新的医疗设备，更多的病人能够得到治疗。前句这个医院得到了新的医疗设备和后面更多的病人能够得到治疗之间是必然的因果关系，用现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。 9(T5)________ (absorb)in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching. Absorbed 【解析】试题分析：句意：全神贯注于绘画中，约翰没有注意到晚上到了。短语be absorbed in全神贯注于，在句中作状语。 10(T23)Much time _____ (spend))sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. spent 【解析】试题分析：句意：上班族们坐在办工座前太久，一般会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。 11(T3)_________ (travel)along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience Traveling 【解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____ along the old Silk Road”做主语，要用动名词， 12(T6) During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________(share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. to share 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼。gather是谓语动词，“_________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes”是状语，家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼，表目的用动词不定式 Homework 2(T28)_________(learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. 3(T33)In recent years an English word "infosphere" has appeared, _______(combine)the sense of “information” and " atmosphere". 4(T23)Much time _____ (spend))sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. 5(T27)______ (ignore)the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. 1(T28)In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message________(hide)within the work. $$