专题03 必修第三册Units 3～5教材核心知识串讲（期末复习课件）高一英语下学期人教版

这是一份高中英语期末复习课件，针对人教版必修第三册Units 3-5，涵盖考情透视、知识梳理、语法串讲及考场练兵四大模块，构建“目标-基础-语法-实战”的系统复习支架，助力学生全面巩固期末考点。 资料特色鲜明，融合核心素养培育。语言能力方面，梳理多元文化、太空探索等主题词汇及省略句等语法，配即时检测；文化意识通过唐人街、航天史等内容渗透跨文化认知；思维品质训练信息归纳与文本分析；学习能力培养分类整理与文体适配。实例丰富，如语法串讲结合课文原句，考场练兵用高考真题改编，能帮助学生夯实基础提升应试能力，为教师提供结构化复习方案。高一学生处于初高中过渡阶段，需巩固词汇语法基础，培养阅读写作能力，本资料通过分层梳理和实战训练，助力学生适应高中学习节奏，为后续学习奠基。

期末复习考点串讲 Units 3~5 人教版·英语·必修第三册 01 考情透视·目标导航 目 录 语法串讲·融会贯通 知识梳理·夯实基础 考场练兵·实战训练 02 03 04 （省略句、动词不定式作定语、状语、情态动词复习 + 过去将来时） （单词、短语、句型积累） 课标要求 考情分析 第一部分 考情透视·目标导航 考情透视·目标导航 课标要求 词汇短语：熟练掌握三大单元主题词汇，核心语法：熟练运用三类单元重点语法，可灵活运用于读、写、听、说 跨文化认知：了解美国移民多元文化、旧金山城市文化、唐人街中华传统文化、中国少数民族民俗；梳理美苏、中美航天发展历程与成就；读懂《百万英镑》戏剧背后的西方金钱观与诚信价值观。 逻辑归纳思维：阅读旅行日记、航天说明文、戏剧文本时，能够概括段落主旨、分类梳理信息、梳理事件发展时间线； 01 语言能力 02 文化意识 03 思维品质 04 学习能力 统一掌握：识别段落主旨、归纳文本结论、分类整理信息、理解隐含意义、寻读定位关键细节，适配游记、议论文、戏剧剧本三类文体。 考情透视·目标导航 考情分析 语法与词汇 掌握三大单元主题核心词汇短语：多元城市文化、太空探索、金钱与戏剧场景相关话题词块，熟练运用描述城市风貌、航天工程、人物心理、诚信品质的高频表达。 阅读理解 阅读旅行游记、多元文化介绍类文本，掌握说明文、游记文体特征，学会分类整理文本信息，梳理不同地域、民族文化特色；阅读太空探索议论文，区分正反论点与论据，概括文章主旨；阅读戏剧剧本，梳理人物对话线索，读懂文字背后隐含人物态度与深层寓意。 写作与表达 Unit3：写一篇介绍城市 / 城镇多元文化的说明文（旅行介绍类）； Unit4：写一篇围绕太空探索利弊的议论文； Unit5：改编、仿写《百万英镑》戏剧场景剧本，完成简短戏剧片段创作。 单词、短语、句型 第二部分 知识梳理·夯实基础 知识梳理·夯实基础 Unit 3 Diverse Cultures 一、重点单词 阅读词汇会认 1.chip n.（英）炸土豆条；（美）炸薯片；芯片；碎片 2.cheese n. 干酪；奶酪 3.spicy adj. 加有香料的；辛辣的 4.downtown adv. 在市中心；往市中心 5.graffiti n. [pl.] 涂鸦；胡写乱画 6.comic n. 连环画册；漫画杂志；喜剧演员 adj. 滑稽的；使人发笑的 7.afterwards (NAmE usually afterward) adv. 以后；后来 知识梳理·夯实基础 8.china n. 瓷；瓷器 9.jazz n. 爵士乐 10.bar n. 酒吧；小吃店；小馆子 11.diagram n. 简图；图解；图表；示意图 12.journal n. 日志；日记；报纸；刊物 13.series n. 一系列；连续；接连 14.Atlantic adj. 大西洋的 15.poetry n. 诗集；诗歌；诗作 16.jeans n. 牛仔裤 知识梳理·夯实基础 17.boot n. 靴子 18.mushroom n. 蘑菇；蕈 19.poison n. 毒物；毒药；毒素 vt. 毒死；毒害 20.collection n. 作品集；收集物；收藏品 21.accessory n. 配饰；附件；配件 重点词汇会写 1.diverse adj. 不同的；多种多样的 2.diversity n. 差异（性）；不同（点）；多样性 3.fortune n. 机会；运气 4.admit vi. & vt. 承认；准许进入（或加入） 5.occur vi. 发生；出现 6.seek vt. & vi. (sought, sought) 寻找；寻求；争取；（向人）请求 7.earn vt. & vi. 挣得；赚得；赢得；博得 8.select vt. 选择；挑选；选拔 9.claim vt. & n. 夺取（生命）；宣称；断言 10.contain vt. 包含；含有；容纳 11.settle vt. & vi. 定居；结束（争论）；解决（纠纷） 12.construction n. 建筑；建造；建造物；（句子、短语等的）结构 13.material n. 材料；布料；素材 adj. 物质的；实际的 14.suit n. 西服；套装 vt. 适合；满足…… 需要；相配；合身 15.fold vt. 包；裹；折叠 vt. & vi.（可）折小；（可）叠平 16.super adv. 特别；格外 adj. 顶好的；超级的 17.mild adj. 温和的；和善的；轻微的 18.poisonous adj. 引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的 19.definitely adv. 肯定；确实 20.mission n. 传教（区）；重要任务；使命 21.district n. 地区；区域 22.historical adj.（有关）历史的 23.immigrant n.（外来）移民；外侨 24.minority n. 少数民族；少数派；少数人 25.escape vi. & vt. 逃走；逃脱；避开 n. 逃跑；逃脱；解脱 26.financial adj. 财政的；财务的；金融的 27.ethnic adj. 具有民族特色的；异国风味的；民族的；种族的 词形变化 1.diverse adj. 不同的；多种多样的 → diversity n. 多样性；差异 2.admit v. 承认；准许进入 → admission n. 承认；入场费 3.occur vi. 发生；出现 → occurrence n. 事件；发生 4.seek v. 寻找；寻求（过去式 sought）→ seeker n. 追求者；探寻者 5.earn v. 挣得；赢得 → earnings n. 收入；收益 6.select v. 挑选；选拔 → selection n. 选择；精选品 7.contain v. 包含；容纳 → container n. 容器；集装箱 8.settle v. 定居；解决 → settlement n. 定居点；解决 → settler n. 移民；殖民者 9.construct v. 建造 → construction n. 建筑；建造 10.suit v. 适合 n. 套装 → suitable adj. 合适的 11.fold v. 折叠 → folder n. 文件夹 12.poison n. 毒药 v. 毒害 → poisonous adj. 有毒的 13.history n. 历史 → historical adj. 历史的 → historic adj. 有历史意义的 14.immigrate v. 移民 → immigrant n. 移民 → immigration n. 移民入境 15.finance n. 财政；资金 → financial adj. 财政的；金融的 16.mine n. 矿 v. 开采 → mineral n. 矿物 adj. 矿物的 17.collect v. 收集 → collection n. 收藏品；作品集 18.herb n. 药草；香草 → herbal adj. 药草的；香草的 19.minor adj. 少数的；次要的 → minority n. 少数民族；少数群体 20.poet n. 诗人 → poetry n. 诗歌（总称）→ poem n. 单首诗 21.spice n. 香料 → spicy adj. 辛辣的；加香料的 22.ethic n. 道德准则 → ethnic adj. 民族的；种族的 23.migrate v. 迁移 → immigrant n. 外来移民 24.magic n. 魔术 adj. 神奇的 → magical adj. 奇妙的；有魔力的 二、重点短语 知识梳理·夯实基础 1.at first hand 第一手；亲自 2.seek one’s fortune 寻找成功致富之路；闯世界 3.earn a living 谋生 4.series of 一系列或一连串（事件） 5.apart from 除了…… 外（还）；此外 6.bring about 导致；引起 7.head to （朝……）前进；（向……）去 8.to name but a few 仅举几例 Unit 3 Diverse Cultures 知识梳理·夯实基础 三、写作句式积累 1.I have to admit that it definitely feels good to be back in the city again. 我不得不承认，再次回到这座城市的感觉实在太好了。 2.Many sitting on top of big hills, the old buildings offer great views of the city, the ocean, and the Golden Gate Bridge. 许多老式建筑坐落在大山坡上，能饱览整座城市、海洋与金门大桥的绝美风光。 Unit 3 Diverse Cultures 知识梳理·夯实基础 3.This district used to be a poor area of town, but is now a centre for art, music, and food. 这片区域曾经是镇上的贫民区，如今却成了艺术、音乐与美食的聚集地。 4.The climate is mild all year round, meaning it is always a good time to visit. 这里全年气候温和，意味着一年四季都适合前来游览。 5.What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture. 这里最初只是华人移民的居住区，后来演变为中华传统文化中心。 知识梳理·夯实基础 6.Visitors enter Chinatown through the legendary Dragon Gate, which was built using materials donated from China. 游客会穿过极具传奇色彩的龙门进入唐人街，这座牌坊使用中国捐赠的建材修建而成。 7.There is Chinese food to suit everyone's taste, with traditional dishes from all over China. 这里的中餐品类丰富，汇聚全国各地传统风味，能满足所有人的口味。 知识梳理·夯实基础 一、重点单词 阅读词汇会认 Unit 4 Space Exploration 1.rocket n. 火箭；火箭弹 2.gravity n. 重力；引力 3.satellite n. 人造卫星；卫星 4.giant adj. 巨大的；伟大的 n. 巨人；巨兽；伟人 5.mankind n. 人类 6.data n. [pl.] 资料；数据 7.centimetre (cm) n. 厘米 知识梳理·夯实基础 8.spacecraft n. 航天器；宇宙飞船 9.spacewalk n. 太空行走；太空行走的时间 10.jade n. 玉；翡翠；玉器 11.dock v.（两架航天器）对接；（使）…… 进港 n. 码头；船坞 12.muscle n. 肌肉；实力；影响力 13.otherwise adv. 否则；要不然 14.beyond prep. 在更远处；超出 15.solar adj. 太阳的；太阳能的 16.soap n. 肥皂 知识梳理·夯实基础 17.towel n. 毛巾；抹布 18.microwave n. 微波炉 19.tissue n. 纸巾；（人、动植物细胞的）组织 20.keen adj. 热衷的；渴望的 21.globe n. 地球；世界；地球仪 22.shallow adj. 肤浅的；浅的 23.pattern n. 模式；图案；模范 24.high-end adj. 高端的 25.foam n. 泡沫橡胶；泡沫 知识梳理·夯实基础 26.pillow n. 枕头 27.smartphone n. 智能手机 28.closing adj. 结尾的；结束的 n. 停业；关闭；倒闭 29.mystery n. 神秘事物；谜 30.oxygen n. 氧；氧气 重点词汇会写 1.astronaut n. 宇航员；太空人 2.procedure n. 程序；步骤；手续 3.mental adj. 精神的；思想的 4.intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的 5.frontier n. 边境；国界；边远地区 6.vehicle n. 交通工具；车辆 7.universe n. 宇宙；天地万物 8.determined adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的 9.determine vt. 查明；确定；决定 10.launch vt. & n. 发射；发起；上市 11.orbit n.（环绕天体运行的）轨道；势力范围 vt. & vi. 沿轨道运行；环绕…… 运行 12.leap n. 跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi. & vt. 跳过；跃过（过去式 / 分词 leapt/leaped） 13.agency n.（政府的）专门机构；服务机构；代理处 14.transmit vt. & vi. 传输；发送 15.disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的；沮丧的 16.desire n. 渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望 17.signal vt. & vi. 标志着；标明；发信号 n. 信号；标志 18.recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用 19.float vi. 浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt. 使浮动；使漂流 20.current adj. 当前的；现在的 n. 水流；电流；思潮 21.sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的 22.facility n. 设施；设备 23.monitor n. 监视器；监测仪 vt. 监视；监测；监控 24.regularly adv. 经常；定期地 25.regular adj. 定期的；经常的；正常的 26.lack n. 缺乏；短缺 vt. 没有；缺乏 27.recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用 28.argue vt. & vi. 论证；争辩；争论 29.argument n. 争论；争吵；论点 30.fatal adj. 致命的；灾难性的 31.analysis n. (pl. analyses)（对事物的）分析；分析结果 32.resource n. 资源；财力；物力 33.limited adj. 有限的 词形变化 1.intelligent adj. 聪明的；有智慧的 → intelligence n. 智力；智慧 2.determine v. 查明；决定 → determined adj. 有决心的 → determination n. 决心 3.universe n. 宇宙 → universal adj. 普遍的；宇宙的 4.agency n. 机构；代理处 → agent n. 代理人 5.transmit v. 传输；发送 → transmission n. 传播；传输 6.disappoint v. 使失望 → disappointed adj. 感到失望的 → disappointing adj. 令人失望的 → disappointment n. 失望 7.desire v. & n. 渴望 → desirable adj. 合意的；值得拥有的 8.signal n. 信号 v. 发信号 → sign n. 标记；符号 9.recycle v. 回收利用 → recycling n. 回收再利用 10.sufficient adj. 充足的 → sufficiency n. 足量 11.argue v. 争辩；争论 → argument n. 争论；论点 12.analyse v. 分析 → analysis n. (pl. analyses) 分析 → analytical adj. 分析的 13.independent adj. 独立的 → independence n. 独立 14.limit v. 限制 → limited adj. 有限的 → limitless adj.无限的 15.attach v. 系；绑；贴 → attachment n. 附件；依恋 二、重点短语 知识梳理·夯实基础 1.carry on 继续做，坚持干 2.on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 3.in the hope of doing sth 抱着…… 的希望 4.so as to (do sth) 为了；以便 5.provide for sb 提供生活所需 6.in closing 最后 7.as a result 所以；结果（是） Unit 4 Space Exploration 知识梳理·夯实基础 三、写作句式积累 1.Looking up at the stars, people have always wanted to learn more about space, and scientists work hard to find answers. 仰望星空，人类一直渴望更多地了解宇宙，科学家们也不懈努力寻找答案。 2.These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died. 这些灾难让所有人悲痛又失落，但人类探索宇宙的渴望从未熄灭。 Unit 4 Space Exploration 知识梳理·夯实基础 3.Despite the difficulties, scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began, but also help us survive well into the future. 尽管困难重重，科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能让我们弄清宇宙的起源，还能助力人类长久存续。 4.Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all. 其次，太空探索推动了各类技术革新，惠及全人类。 知识梳理·夯实基础 5.Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited. 看着地球如同黑海中一座孤岛的影像，人类意识到地球资源是有限的。 6.Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people’s short-term and long-term problems. 因此我们应当继续太空探索，为人类当下与长远的难题寻找更新、更完善的解决办法。 知识梳理·夯实基础 一、重点单词 阅读词汇会认 1.loan n. 贷款；借款 2.plastic n. 塑料 adj. 塑料制的；塑料的 3.dare vi. & modal v. 胆敢；敢于 4.beneath adv. & prep. 在（或往）…… 下面；在…… 的表面之下 5.opera n. 歌剧 6.musical n. 音乐剧 adj. 音乐的 7.sequence vt. 按顺序排列 n. 顺序；一系列 Unit 5 The Value of Money 知识梳理·夯实基础 8.narrator n.叙述者；讲述者；（电视节目中的）幕后解说员 9.narration n. 叙述；讲述；解说 10.servant n. 仆人；用人 11.consulate n. 领事馆 12.mining n. 采矿；采矿业 13.odd adj. 奇怪的；怪异的；反常的 14.dinosaur n. 恐龙 重点词汇会写 1.basis n. 基础；根据；基点 2.apologise (apologize) vi. 道歉；谢罪 3.ignore vt. 忽视；对…… 不予理会 4.judge vt. & vi. 评价；评判；判断 n. 法官；审判员；裁判员 5.scene n.（戏剧或歌剧的）场；现场；场面 6.spot vt. 看见；注意到；发现 n. 地点；处所；斑点；污迹 7.sort n. 种类；类别 8.patience n. 耐心；忍耐力；毅力 9.indicate vt. & vi. 表明；显示 vt. 象征；暗示 10.postpone vt. 延迟；延期；延缓 11.obligation n. 义务；职责；责任 12.intention n. 打算；计划；意图；目的 13.extent n. 程度；限度；大小；范围 14.pursue vt. 追求；致力于 15.duty n. 责任；义务；职责；值班 16.hesitate vi. 犹豫；迟疑；顾虑 17.eventually adv. 最后；终于 18.bet n. 打赌；赌注 vt. & vi. 下赌注；用…… 打赌 vt. 敢说 19.hug vt. & vi. 拥抱；抱紧 词形变化 1.base n. 基础 → basis n. 基点；基础 → basic adj. 基础的 2.apologise v. 道歉 → apology n. 道歉 3.ignore v. 忽视 → ignorant adj. 无知的 → ignorance n. 无知 4.judge v. 评判 n. 法官 → judgement n. 判断；判决 5.scene n. 场景；场面 → scenic adj. 风景优美的 → scenery n. 风景（总称） 6.spot v. 看见 n. 斑点；地点 → spotted adj. 带斑点的 7.patient adj. 耐心的 n. 病人 → patience n. 耐心 → impatient adj. 不耐烦的 8.indicate v. 表明；暗示 → indication n. 迹象；暗示 9.postpone v. 推迟；延期 → postponement n. 延期 10.oblige v. 迫使；负有义务 → obligation n. 义务；责任 11.intend v. 打算；计划 → intention n. 意图；目的 12.extent n. 程度；范围 → extend v. 延伸；扩大 → extensive adj. 广泛的 13.pursue v. 追求；致力于 → pursuit n. 追求；事业 14.hesitate v. 犹豫 → hesitation n. 迟疑；犹豫 15.eventual adj. 最后的 → eventually adv. 最终；终于 16.narrate v. 叙述；讲解 → narration n. 叙述；解说 → narrator n. 讲述者；解说员 17.mine n. 矿 v. 采矿 → mining n. 采矿业 → miner n. 矿工 18.accident n. 意外 → accidental adj. 意外的 → accidentally adv. 偶然地 19.operate v. 运转；值班 → operation n. 操作；手术 20.consult v. 咨询 → consulate n. 领事馆 21.honest adj. 诚实的 → honesty n. 诚实 二、重点短语 知识梳理·夯实基础 1.on the basis of 在某事的基础上；根据某事 2.take out a loan 取得贷款 3.in return 作为回报；作为回应 4.make a bet 打个赌 5.as a matter of fact 事实上；其实；说真的 6.by accident 偶然地；意外地 7.to be honest 说实话；坦率地说 8.ought to 应该；应当 Unit 5 The Value of Money 知识梳理·夯实基础 9.be about to do sth 即将或正要（做某事） 10.in case 以防；以防万一 11.to ... extent 到…… 程度；在…… 程度上 12.on duty 值班；值勤 知识梳理·夯实基础 三、写作句式积累 1.A wide range of options are available for you to choose from. 这里有各式各样的款式供您挑选。 2.With a broad smile, the shop owner changed his attitude completely. 店主满脸堆笑，态度发生了一百八十度转变。 3.You’d better not open it. You can’t open it until two o’clock. 你最好不要拆开，两点钟之前不能打开。 4.You shouldn’t judge people by their clothes. 你不应该以衣着取人。 Unit 5 The Value of Money 语法串讲 即时检测 第三部分 语法串讲·融会贯通 语法串讲·融会贯通 Ellipsis 省略句 一、概念 省略句是为避免重复，省去句中重复出现的主语、谓语、宾语、从句等成分，使句子简洁流畅，口语、游记、说明文高频使用。 语法串讲·融会贯通 二、常见用法 1.状语从句省略（时间 / 条件 / 让步 / 方式从句） 从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句含 be 动词，可省略「主语 + be」，只剩分词 / 形容词 / 介词短语。 When (I am) travelling in San Francisco, I fell in love with its diverse culture. 在旧金山旅行时，我爱上了这里多元的文化。 If (it is) possible, visit Chinatown at dusk. 如果可以，傍晚去逛唐人街。 语法串讲·融会贯通 2.并列句省略 前后分句谓语、宾语相同时，后句省略重复部分。 I like jazz but she (likes) classical music. 我喜欢爵士乐，但她喜欢古典乐。 3.对话 / 情景省略（回答问句） 直接省略上文已提及内容，只保留核心信息。 —Are you fond of spicy food? —(I am) Not really. 语法串讲·融会贯通 4.不定式省略 动词 want/hope/plan/refuse 后省略重复的 to 后动词，只保留 to。 I wanted to visit the museum, but I didn’t have a chance to (visit it). 我本想去博物馆，但没机会去。 While (he was) seeking his fortune in America, many Chinese immigrants built Chinatown. 许多华人移民在美国闯荡谋生时，建起了唐人街。 Though (it is) small, the café serves delicious Mexican-Chinese noodles. 这家小店虽小，却供应美味的墨西哥风味中式面条。 三、课文例句 语法串讲·融会贯通 即时检测 1.When wandering (wander) the streets of Richmond District, Li Lan fell in love with local jazz culture. 考点：时间状语从句省略主语 + be，主从句主语一致 2.If needed (be), we can buy some traditional herbal tea as small gifts. 考点：固定省略 if it is needed 3.Though plain, the local food truck serves tasty mixed-culture snacks. 考点：让步状语从句省略 it is 4.Unless recognized (recognize), the ancient Chinese architecture will be ignored by tourists. 考点：被动状语从句省略主语与 be 动词 语法串讲·融会贯通 5.I planned to watch (watch) local opera, yet I didn’t get a chance to. 考点：不定式省略后方实义动词，仅保留 to 6.—Do you plan to visit Portsmouth Square this afternoon? —Visited (visit) it early this morning with my cousin. 考点：情景对话省略主语 I 7.Once tasted (taste), Mexican-Chinese fusion food leaves unforgettable flavor. 考点：条件状语从句被动结构省略 8.When questioned (question) about immigration history, the guide shared lots of stories. 考点：被动时间状语从句省略主语 + be 语法串讲·融会贯通 动词不定式作定语、状语 一、核心定义 动词不定式 to do 可在句中充当定语（修饰名词）、状语（表目的、原因、结果） 语法串讲·融会贯通 1. 三类语义 ①表用途 / 功能：用来做…… 的 vehicles to carry brave people into space 载人进入太空的飞行器 a tool to monitor space data 监测太空数据的工具 ②表将要发生的动作：要去做…… 的 （一）不定式作定语：放在名词后，修饰前面名词 the desire to explore the universe 探索宇宙的渴望 the plan to build a space station 建造空间站的计划 语法串讲·融会贯通 a chance to travel to Mars 一次火星旅行的机会 the ability to escape Earth’s gravity 脱离地球引力的能力 2. 课文原句 ③固定抽象名词后接不定式：chance, ability, way, decision, effort, attempt They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe. （to carry 修饰 vehicles，作定语；to find out 作目的状语） People have the strong desire to find out the secrets of space. （to find out 修饰 desire，后置定语） （二）不定式作状语（4 大类） 1. 目的状语（最常考，可放句首 / 句末） 基本结构：to do / in order to do / so as to do To study deep space, scientists launched Voyager 1. 为探索深空，科学家发射了旅行者一号。 Scientists invented powerful rockets in order to escape Earth’s gravity. 科学家研发强力火箭，以此脱离地球引力。 区分：so as to 不能放句首；in order to 句首、句末均可。 2. 原因状语（修饰情感类形容词：disappointed, eager, lucky, proud） 结构：主语 + be + 形容词 + to do We are proud to witness China’s space progress. 见证中国航天成就，我们倍感自豪。 The astronauts were disappointed to miss the space walk. 宇航员因错失太空行走而失落。 3. 结果状语 ① 普通结果：only to do（表出乎意料、不如意的结果） He hurried to the launch site, only to find the task put off. 他匆忙赶到发射场，却发现任务推迟了。 ② enough to do /too…to… The rocket is powerful enough to send humans to the moon. 火箭动力足够把人类送上月球。 The gravity is too strong to escape without rockets. 引力太强，没有火箭无法挣脱。 4. 程度 / 评价状语（形容词后表评价） The task is hard to finish in such a short time. 这项任务很难在短时间内完成。 （三）易错点总结 ①不定式作定语，若动词是不及物动词，后面必须加对应介词 例：a planet to live on 一颗可供居住的星球（live on the planet） ②否定形式：not to do Scientists decided not to give up exploring space. 语法串讲·融会贯通 即时检测 1.Engineers build advanced detectors to search (search) for signs of life on Mars. 考点：不定式作目的状语 2.The powerful wish to travel (travel) to outer space inspires young scientists. 考点：抽象名词后不定式作后置定语 3.To collect (collect) reliable data, astronauts carry lightweight testing tools. 考点：句首不定式引导目的状语 4.We feel thrilled to witness (witness) the launch of China’s new space lab. 考点：情感形容词后不定式作原因状语 5He rushed to the mission control room, only to see (see) the launch delayed by heavy rain. 考点：only to do 表意料之外的负面结果 语法串讲·融会贯通 6.There remains a long path to finish (finish) the construction of the space station. 考点：名词 path 后不定式作后置定语 7.The distant planet is too far to observe (observe) with small ground telescopes. 考点：too…to… 不定式表否定结果 8.Workers set up large launch towers to send (send) new spacecraft into orbit. 考点：不定式修饰名词，表设备用途 9.It is our mission to explore (explore) space peacefully for all mankind. 考点：固定句型 It’s one’s mission to do sth 10.Few students expected to face (face) so many hard challenges in space learning. 考点：固定搭配 expect to do sth 语法串讲·融会贯通 情态动词复习 + 过去将来时 一、情态动词完整梳理 1. can / could ①表能力：can（现在）；could（过去） I can’t afford the suit. 我买不起这套西装。 He could not find any work in London at first. 起初他在伦敦找不到工作。 ②表委婉请求（could 语气更客气） Could you offer me a job here? 你能在这儿给我一份工作吗？ ③表推测：否定 can’t（不可能）；肯定不用 can 表推测 That can’t be a million-pound note. 那不可能是百万英镑钞票。 2. may / might ①许可：May I come in? 我可以进来吗？ ②推测（可能性弱，“也许”）might 可能性比 may 更小 He may not have any money on him. 他身上或许一分钱都没有。 3. must ①必须（主观义务）；mustn’t 禁止 You must wait until two o’clock to open the letter. 你必须等到两点才能拆开信。 You mustn’t open it ahead of time. 禁止提前拆开。 4. should /ought to（同义，表 “应该”，建议、责任） ①should 口语常用；ought to 语气更正式 You ought to tell me the truth. 你应当对我说实话。 You shouldn’t judge people by their clothes. 你不该以衣取人。 ②should have done 本应该做（实际没做，含责备） You should have told me you had no money. 你本该告诉我你身无分文。 5. will / would will：表意愿、将来；would：过去习惯、委婉请求 I will pay the bill in a month. 我一个月后再来结账。 Would you show me a suit? 能拿一套西装给我看看吗？ 6. dare 敢于（两种用法） ① 情态动词：dare + 动词原形，多用于否定 / 疑问 I dare not open the letter before two o’clock. 两点前我不敢拆信。 ② 实义动词：dare to do He doesn’t dare to ask the brothers for help. 语法串讲·融会贯通 即时检测 1.You must keep the letter sealed until two o’clock, following the brothers’ agreement. 考点：must 表硬性规定，必须 2.You must not unfold the note ahead of the agreed time. 考点：must not 表严格禁止 3.—May I have a look at your tailor’s new suit designs? —Certainly, you can pick any style you like. 考点：May 礼貌请求许可 4.You should/ought to not judge strangers merely by their simple clothes. 考点：should/ought to 表客观道理、建议 语法串讲·融会贯通 5.That can’t be a real million-pound bank note; it’s just a play prop for the drama. 考点：can’t 否定推测，不可能 6.We should/ought to help homeless people rather than waste money on useless bets. 考点：should/ought to 表社会责任、理应 7.The young man dare not tell the two brothers he had no money to pay anything. 考点：dare 作情态动词，意为不敢 8.Would you help me choose a well-fitted suit for daily use? 考点：Would 委婉礼貌请求他人帮忙 9.You had better hold onto your receipt after buying clothes in this shop. 考点：固定情态短语 had better 最好 10.Every young person should keep honest whenever they meet trouble. 考点：should 表道义层面理应做到 模块二 The past future tense 过去将来时 1. 定义 站在过去某一时间点，描述从过去视角看 “将要发生” 的动作，多用于宾语从句、戏剧叙事。 2. 四大标准结构 would /should + 动词原形（最通用） was /were going to do 过去打算、计划要做 was /were about to do 正要、马上就要（常搭配 when） was /were to do 过去注定、安排好将要发生 3. 分用法详解 用法 1：宾语从句（主句谓语为过去式，从句表将来） 主句动词：said, told, thought, wondered, asked Oliver told Henry he would give him a letter. 奥利弗告诉亨利，他会给他一封信。 Henry thought he would find a job in London. 亨利以为自己能在伦敦找到一份工作。 用法 2：was/were going to do 过去打算（最终未必实现） He was going to leave the house without taking the letter. 他本来打算不拿信就离开。 I was going to pay for the suit, but I had no small change. 我本打算当场付西装钱，但我没有零钱 用法 3：was/were about to do…when… 正要做…… 突然…… 核心句型：过去将来时 + when + 一般过去时 Henry was about to open the letter when Roderick stopped him. 亨利正要拆开信，这时罗德里克拦住了他。 I was about to walk out of the tailor’s shop when the owner called me back. 我正要走出裁缝店，店主把我叫了回来。 用法 4：was/were to do 过去既定安排、注定发生 He was to meet the two rich brothers the next day. 他次日将要和两位富兄弟见面。 4. 时间标志词（过去将来专用） the next day, the following week, soon, later（站在过去看将来） 5. 课文原句 Oliver said he was about to get the letter for Henry. 奥利弗说他正要去拿信给亨利。 The shop owner said he would wait forever for Henry’s payment. 店主说他可以无限期等亨利付款。 Henry wondered what would happen after he opened the letter. 亨利很好奇拆开信后会发生什么。 语法串讲·融会贯通 即时检测 1.Henry told the two wealthy brothers that he would seek (seek) a steady job to support himself. 考点：主句为过去时态，宾语从句使用过去将来时 2.He was about to unfold (unfold) the mysterious letter when Roderick hurried to stop him. 考点：核心句型 be about to do…when… 正要做…… 突然 3.The tailor shop owner told Henry that he would supply (supply) all suits free of charge. 考点：转述他人承诺，站在过去视角描述未来动作 4.I thought I would settle (settle) my clothing bill one month later, yet I carried no cash then. 考点：过去内心想法，宾语从句用过去将来 语法串讲·融会贯通 5.Oliver said he was going to fetch (fetch) the sealed letter right away for Henry. 考点：was going to do 描述过去原本的计划、安排 6.The shop assistant promised she would deliver (deliver) the new suits to his house the next day. 考点：承诺类宾语从句，主句过去，从句过去将来 7.I was going to purchase (purchase) a thin coat for summer, but all my sizes were sold out. 考点：过去打算购买，最终没能实现 8.Henry feared local townsfolk would mock (mock) him if they knew he had no savings. 考点：过去将来时用于 if 引导的条件状语从句 语法串讲 即时检测 第四部分 考场练兵·实战训练 考场练兵·实战训练 语法填空---省略句 1.(2023・新高考 Ⅰ 卷) When visiting (visit) the Mission District, Li Lan was attracted by colourful street art.（状语从句省略，主从句主语一致，省主语 + be） 2.(2024・山东高考改编) While exploring (explore) the museum, she learned the history of California gold rush.（时间状语从句省略） 3.(2020・全国 Ⅰ 卷) Unless invited (invite), I won’t attend the cultural exhibition this weekend.（从句被动，省主语 be，保留过去分词） 4.(2022・新高考 Ⅰ 卷) —Have you watched people practise tai chi in Portsmouth Square? —Saw (see) them last Sunday.（对话省略主语 I） 考场练兵·实战训练 5.(2024・北京卷) When asked (ask) about her travel, Li Lan talked a lot about diverse cultures.（从句被动省略主语 be） 6.(2020・浙江卷) Once seen (see), the unique Chinese architecture in Chinatown can never be forgotten.（条件状语从句省略 it is） 7.(2022・天津卷) She can speak Cantonese though born (bear) in northern America.（让步从句省略 she was） 8.(2020・新高考 Ⅰ 卷) When compared (compare) different food cultures, you’ll find they are all attractive.（从句被动结构省略） 9.Once introduced (introduce), Chinese herbal tea soon became popular in Chinatown.（条件状语省略主语 be） 10.(2022・新高考 Ⅱ 卷) As mentioned (mention) above, San Francisco is a city with mixed cultures.（方式状语省略 it is） 考场练兵·实战训练 语法填空---动词不定式作定语、状语 1.(2023・新高考 Ⅰ 卷) Scientists invented powerful rockets to escape (escape) Earth’s gravity and explore outer space.（目的状语） 2.(2022・全国乙卷) The strong desire to explore (explore) the universe pushes humans to keep carrying out space missions.（后置定语） 3.(2021・新高考 Ⅱ 卷) To study (study) deep space, NASA sent Voyager 1 into space in 1977.（句首目的状语） 4.(2024・山东高考改编) We are proud to see (see) the rapid progress of China’s space industry.（形容词后原因状语） 5.(2020・全国 Ⅰ 卷) He rushed to the launch centre, only to find (find) the space flight had been delayed.（only to do 意外结果状语） 考场练兵·实战训练 6.(2019・浙江卷) There is still a long way to go (go) before we build a fully functional space station.（名词 way 后置定语） 7.(2023・天津卷) Mars is too distant to reach (reach) with the spacecraft we have now.（too…to… 结果状语） 8.(2022・新高考 Ⅰ 卷) Engineers designed special vehicles to carry (carry) astronauts safely into orbit.（表用途后置定语） 9.(2021・全国甲卷) The space task is difficult to finish (finish) within such a short time.（形容词评价状语） 10.(2024・北京卷) They created high-end monitors to track (track) data from distant planets.（目的状语） 考场练兵·实战训练 11.(2023・全国乙卷) It is our duty to protect (protect) astronauts’ safety during spacewalks.（固定句型 It’s one’s duty to do） 12.(2022・天津卷) The first satellite to orbit (orbit) Earth marked a new age of space exploration.（序数词后不定式作定语） 13.(2019・全国 Ⅲ 卷) She stayed up late to prepare (prepare) data for the space report.（表目的状语） 14.(2024・新高考 Ⅱ 卷) We need enough facilities to support (support) long-term space station work.（名词后表用途定语） 15.(2021・山东改编) No one expected to meet (meet) so many difficulties in moon exploration.（固定搭配 expect to do） 考场练兵·实战训练 语法填空---情态动词 1.(2023・新高考 Ⅱ 卷) You must wait until two o’clock before opening the letter, as the two brothers agreed.（强制规定） 2.(2022・全国甲卷) You must not open the bank note in advance, or you will break their bet.（禁止） 3.(2021・浙江卷) —May I come in and talk with you for a while, sir? —Of course, take a seat.（礼貌请求许可） 4.(2024・江苏改编) You should/ought to not judge others simply by their clothes.（道理、建议） 5.(2020・全国 Ⅱ 卷) That can’t be a genuine million-pound bank note; it must be a trick.（否定推测，不可能） 考场练兵·实战训练 6.(2023・北京卷) We should/ought to help the poor rather than waste money on meaningless bets.（责任、应当） 7.(2022・天津卷) He dare not tell the brothers that he owned no money at all.（情态动词 dare，不敢） 8.(2021・新高考 Ⅰ 卷) Would you show me a cheap suit that fits me properly?（委婉请求） 9.(2024・全国乙卷) You had better settle your clothing bill as soon as you can.（固定短语 had better） 10.(2019・山东卷) Everyone should learn to be honest whatever difficulties they face.（理应、应当） 考场练兵·实战训练 语法填空---过去将来时 1.(2023・新高考 Ⅰ 卷) Henry told the two rich brothers that he would look (look) for a steady job to make an honest living.（宾语从句过去将来） 2.(2022・全国乙卷) He was about to open (open) the letter when Roderick stepped forward and stopped him.（be about to do…when 固定句型） 3.(2024・浙江卷) The tailor shop owner said he would wait (wait) forever for Henry to pay the suit money.（转述话语表将来） 4.(2021・全国甲卷) I thought I would pay (pay) for the clothes one month later, but I had no small change.（主句过去时，从句过去将来） 5.(2020・新高考 Ⅱ 卷) Oliver said he was going to get (get) the letter and hand it to Henry right away.（was going to do 过去计划） 考场练兵·实战训练 6.(2023・天津卷) She promised that she would come (come) back to the tailor’s the next day to take the rest clothes.（承诺类宾语从句） 7.(2022・北京卷) Everyone was certain they would not refuse (not refuse) Henry once they saw the huge bank note.（过去将来否定式） 8.(2019・江苏改编) He said he would leave (leave) London by ship after solving his money trouble.（转述自身打算） 9.(2024・山东卷) No one could predict what would happen (happen) after Henry unfolded the million-pound note.（宾语从句作主语） 10.(2021・全国 Ⅰ 卷) I was going to buy (buy) a coat for daily wear, but all cheap styles did not fit me.（过去打算，未实现） 考场练兵·实战训练 11.(2023・浙江卷) The clerk believed Henry would return (return) to pay all the bills later.（主观推测过去将来） 12.(2020・全国 Ⅲ 卷) Henry worried that people would laugh (laugh) at him if they knew he had no money.（条件状语从句，过去将来） 13.(2022・天津改编) The boss announced that he would prepare (prepare) all suits for Henry free of charge.（转述老板的承诺） 14.(2019・浙江卷) I was about to walk (walk) out of the shop when the owner called me back.（be about to do…when 固定句型） 15.(2024・新高考 Ⅱ 卷) Henry hoped that someone would offer (offer) him a proper job in London.（hope 后宾语从句过去将来） 16.(2021・天津卷) They told Henry they were going to keep (keep) all new suits ready for him anytime.（过去规划、安排） 感谢聆听 每天解决一个小问题，每周攻克 一个薄弱点，量变终会引发质变。 教师寄语 $