语法串讲 05 非谓语动词(动词不定式作定语和结果状语，分词作定语，状语和宾语补足语)-2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末考点大串讲（译林版2020）

语法串讲 05非谓语动词(精讲精练) (动词不定式作定语和结果状语，分词作定语，状语和宾语补足语) 考点一. 不定式作定语和结果状语 1. 不定式作定语 (1)不定式作定语常表示将来的动作；不定式的被动式to be done作定语表示将来、被动的动作。 My father is an honest man. He is a good person to work with.我的父亲是一个诚实的人。他是一个很好共事的人。 The house to be built there soon will be a library for the students.那里即将建成的房子将成为学生们的图书馆。 (2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。 I had no pen to write with so he had to borrow one from his classmate. 我没有钢笔写字，不得不从同学那儿借了一支。 (3)当中心词为序数词、最高级，the last，the only等或中心词被这类词修饰，且该中心词是作定语的非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，多用不定式作定语。 He is the first student to come to school. 他是第一个到学校的学生。 (4)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。、 2. 不定式作结果状语 不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，常用于下列结构：only to(不料……)、enough to(足够……)、too...to...(太……而不能……)、so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等。 Having saved adequate money for his dream guitar, the little boy hurried to the store, only to be told that it had been sold to someone else.攒了足够的 买他梦寐以求的吉他的钱后，小男孩急忙赶到商店，却被告知吉他已经卖给别人了。 The stamp is interesting enough to attract millions of people.邮票很有趣，足以吸引数百万人。 He is too tired to stay up any longer. 他太累了，不能再熬夜了。 考点二. 分词作定语 1. 分词(V-ing/ V-ed)作定语 (1)及物动词的分词形式作定语 作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成或状态时，用过去分词。 The girls wearing traditional costumes look so attractive.穿着传统服装的女孩看起来很有吸引力。(主动) We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。(被动、正在进行) Having seen quite a few productions of Hamlet, I was full of confidence—until the Peking Opera came to town.看过不少哈姆雷特的作品后，我充满了信心——直到京剧来到城里。(主动，完成) These regions have each developed their own characteristics based on traditional kite-making craftsmanship (手艺).这些地区都在传统风筝制作工艺的基础上发展出了自己的特色。(被动、完成) (2)不及物动词的分词形式作定语 作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。 falling leaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进行) fallen leaves落叶(表完成) (3) 动名词作定语 动名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。 a reading room阅览室 a sleeping car卧铺车 2. 分词(V-ing/ V-ed) 作状语 分词包括现在分词和过去分词，现在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系，且含有进行的意义；过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，且含有完成的意义。 (1)作时间状语相当于when，while，before，since，as引导的时间状语从句。 Translated into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. ＝When the sentence was translated into English，it was found to have an entirely different word order. 当这个句子被译成英语时，人们发现它有一个完全不同的语序。 (2)作原因状语相当于because，since，as引导的原因状语从句。 ①Not understanding this problem，he asked the teacher about it.＝Because he didn’t understand this problem，he asked the teacher about it.因为不理解这个问题，他问了老师。 ②Defeated by his deskmate，he felt discouraged.＝Because he was defeated by his deskmate，he felt discouraged. 由于被同桌打败了，他感到气馁。 (3)作条件状语相当于if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。 Given another hour，I can also work out this problem.＝If I’m given another hour，I can also work out the problem. 如果再给我一个小时，我也能解决这个问题。 (4)作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus。 More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. 中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。 (5)作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。 One evening Harry phoned me，asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.＝One evening Harry phoned me，and he asked me to come to his flat as soon as possible.一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他的公寓。 (6)作让步状语相当于though，although，even if等引导的让步状语从句。 Warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice.＝Though he was warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice.虽然被警告有危险，他仍旧在薄冰上滑冰。 温馨提示　某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如：lost(迷路的)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(隐瞒的)、lost/absorbed(沉迷于……的)、dressed(穿着……的)、tired(对……感到厌倦的)、excited(兴奋的)等。 Absorbed in his book，he didn’t notice me enter the room.专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。 3. 独立成分作状语 有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有： 独立成分 含义 generally speaking 一般来说 frankly/honestly speaking 坦白地/老实说 judging from/by... 根据……来判断 considering.../taking...into consideration/account 考虑到…… to tell you the truth 说实话 seeing... 考虑到…… given... 考虑到…… compared to/with... 与……相比 Generally speaking，the rule is very easy to understand.一般来说，这条规则很容易懂。 Judging from his accent，he is from Hong Kong.从口音判断，他是香港人。 4. 独立主格结构 (1)构成：名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式 (2)特点： ①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在； ②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系； ③它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 Weather permitting(＝If weather permits)，they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们明天将去海滩郊游。 He was lying on the grass，his hands crossed under his head(＝and his hands were crossed under his head). 他头枕着交叉的双手躺在草地上。 作感官动词(短语)、使役动词的宾补 (1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel的宾语补足语有四种形式， 以see为例： see＋宾语＋ I saw him leave a few minutes ago. 我看见他几分钟前离开了。 Bencheley Bencheley saw sharks being killed and this caused a deep change in him.看到鲨鱼被杀，这让他发生了深刻的变化。 Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother taken good care of at home. 从非洲医疗服务两年回来后，李医生十分高兴地看到家里的母亲得到了很好的照顾。 I was sleeping when I heard my name shouted.我正在睡觉，突然听到有人叫我的名字。 [温馨提示]　“感官动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加to。 The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态)有人看见小偷进了银行。 (2)使役动词make，let，have，get后接复合宾语的情况： ①make＋宾语＋ The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school.老师让一些学生放学后待在教室里。 He spoke slowly to make himself understood.他慢慢地说，以使人理解他自己。 ②let＋宾语＋ Don’t let your child play with matches.别让你的孩子玩火柴。 Let the work be done immediately.立刻把工作做完。 ③have＋宾语＋ He had the light burning all night，which made his parents very angry.他让灯着了整晚，这使他父母很生气。 Before the hurricane came, the family had the doors and windows of their house repaired.在飓风来临之前，这家人把房子的门窗都修好了。 温馨提示　(1)“使役动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时也需加to。 He was made to work day and night，so he was very tired of the job.他被迫日夜工作，所以他非常厌倦这项工作。 (2)have sb doing sth用于否定句中，常与can’t，won’t等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。 I won’t have you speaking to your dad like that.我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话。 ④get＋宾语＋ She got her bike running very fast.她把自行车骑得飞快。 Besides performing and modeling, Hannah travels the world giving presentations and talks, getting more people involved in the conservation of ocean life.除了表演和模特，汉娜周游世界做报告和演讲，让更多的人参与到海洋生物的保护中来。 3. 动词leave，keep，find，catch后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况 (1)leave (2)keep (3)find ⇒ (4)catch sb doing sth撞见某人正在做某事 She insisted that she should be kept informed.她坚持要求自己被告知情况。 The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious.大部分的菜客人们都没有动，因为它们不可口。 I find my money stolen.我发现我的钱被偷了。 The hall was found thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.人们发现礼堂彻底地被打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。 5. “with＋宾语＋宾补”结构 (1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词，现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行 With the thick fog disappearing finally, the beautiful scenery unfolded before our eyes.随着浓雾终于消失，美丽的景色展现在我们眼前。 (2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词，过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成或表状态 With the gift brightly wrapped, she handed it to her best friend at the birthday party.礼物包装得光彩夺目，她在生日派对上将它递给了她最好的朋友。 1. 分析句子结构，判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词 首先判定所给提示词是否充当句子的谓语，如果句子不缺少谓语，那就是非谓语动词。 2. 找逻辑主语，再判断与动词之间的关系 (1)非谓语动词作定语时，其逻辑主语是被修饰词；作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语；作补语时，其逻辑主语是动词或介词的宾语。 (2)如果逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系，则用现在分词；如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，则用过去分词。 但是当含有被动意义时，如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行，则用现在分词形式的被动式。 3. 判断所给动词与谓语动词发生的先后顺序 (1)to have done，having done表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前； (2)to be doing，doing表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作(几乎)同时发生。 1.(2024·北京卷)Just then, some kids ran at him, 　　　　　(knock) his books out of his arms. 【答案】knocking。 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词 “ran” ,此处应用非谓语动词;主语 “some kids” 和动词knock之间构成主谓关系,此处应用现在分词短语作结果状语。故填 knocking。 2. (2024•浙江1月高考) Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs ________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 【答案】designed 【解析】考查过去分词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。 3. (2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 　　　　　(inspire) by The Peony Pavilion,　　　　 was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.  【答案】inspired 【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作非谓语,修饰名词pavilion,表示“被《牡丹亭》启发”,应用过去分词形式表示被动。过去分词短语“inspired by The Peony Pavilion”作“a six-meter-tall pavilion”的后置定语。故填inspired。 4．The ability (admit) this should be perceived not as a weakness, but as a strength. 【答案】to admit 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：承认这一点的能力不应被视为弱点，而应被视为优点。此处使用动词不定式to admit作后置定语，修饰名词ability，表示“承认的能力”。故填to admit。 5．（2025高一下·广东揭阳·期中）The boy (sit) under the Christmas tree was delighted. 【答案】sitting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：坐在圣诞树下的男孩很高兴。句中已有was，空处作非谓语动词，sit与逻辑主语boy之间是主动关系，用现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰boy。故填sitting。 6．Edmonton is freezing cold in winter, with daily temperatures (average) -10°℃. 【答案】averaging 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：埃德蒙顿冬天极其寒冷，日平均气温为零下10摄氏度。此处为“with +宾语+宾语补足语”结构，宾语daily temperatures和动词average之间是主动关系，即“气温平均为……”，所以要用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填averaging。 7．（2025高一下·重庆·期中）When she woke up, she found himself (surround) by some children.【答案】surrounded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当她醒来时，她发现自己被一些孩子包围了。此处为非谓语动词作宾补，surround与宾语herself之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式作宾补。故填surrounded。 8．Between two objects of the same size, objects (shape) like a tube fell down more slowly. 【答案】shaped 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在两个同样大小的物体之间，形状像管子的物体下落得更慢。此处shape与objects构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，故填shaped。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·期中）Many reporters hurried to the airport, only (find) that superstars had left. 【答案】to find 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多记者赶到机场，却发现明星们已经离开了。此处是“only+动词不定式”作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，故填to find。 2．（2025高一下·江苏镇江·阶段练习）The police hurried to the spot, only (tell) the damaged car had been taken away. 【答案】to be told 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：警察匆忙赶到现场，结果却被告知那辆受损的汽车已经被开走了。句子的谓语动词为hurried，空处为非谓语动词，根据空后“the damaged car had been taken away”可知，“only 　　 (tell)”在句中作结果状语，且表示意料之外的结果，应用only to do表示一个出乎意料或令人失望的结果。又因为tell与句子主语The police之间是被动关系，所以要用动词不定式的被动形式to be done，故空处需用to be told表明警察匆忙赶到现场后意外得知的情况。故填to be told。 3．（2025高一下·重庆·阶段练习）They went to the store to buy the new phone, only (inform) that it was sold out. 【答案】to be informed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们去商店买新手机，结果却被告知已售罄。此处需要使用非谓语动词不定式，构成固定搭配only to do，表示出乎意料或令人失望的结果。主语They与inform之间是被动关系，因此需要使用被动形式。故填to be informed。 4．（2025高一下·四川广安·阶段练习）Yesterday I went to see her, only (learn) that she had gone abroad a week before. 【答案】to learn 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：昨天我去找她，结果却得知她一周前就已出国了。句中I went to see her与she had gone abroad a week before形成转折关系，表达一种“意外性”，可使用固定结构“only to do”表达“出乎意料或令人失望的结果”。故填to learn。 5．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·期中）The project (complete) by next month will use advanced AI technology. 【答案】to be completed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：将于下个月完成的项目将使用先进的人工智能技术。根据“by next month”可知是描述将来的事情，应用动词不定式作定语，且complete和project之间是被动关系，故用不定式的被动语态，故填to be completed。 6．（2025高一下·广东广州·期中）Ambitious and determined, he was the first (volunteer) for the challenging project. 【答案】to volunteer 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他雄心勃勃，意志坚定，是第一个自愿参加这个具有挑战性的项目的人。根据句意和空前的the first可知，此处考查固定结构“the+序数词+to do sth.”，表示“第几个做某事的人”，所以空处需用动词不定式作后置定语修饰the first，表示“他是第一个自愿参加这个具有挑战性项目的人”。故填to volunteer。 7．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·期中）I was staying in Atlanta, which was one of the cities (hit). 【答案】to be hit 【详解】考查不定式作后置定语。句意：我当时住在亚特兰大，那是被袭击的城市之一。所填动词作之前名词“the cities”的后置定语，而名词“the cities”在句中作表语，应是用不定式形式作后置定语，且“hit”与其之间为被动关系，应是to be done。故填to be hit。 8．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·期中）The question (discuss) at tomorrow’s meeting is very important. 【答案】to be discussed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：明天会议上将要被讨论的问题非常重要。本句谓语为is，此处为非谓语动词，The question和discuss“讨论”为逻辑上的被动关系，且根据at tomorrow’s meeting可知，这是将来要发生的动作，所以应用不定式的被动语态to be discussed，作后置定语，修饰The question。故填to be discussed。 9．（2025高一下·广东揭阳·期中）The boy (sit) under the Christmas tree was delighted. 【答案】sitting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：坐在圣诞树下的男孩很高兴。句中已有was，空处作非谓语动词，sit与逻辑主语boy之间是主动关系，用现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰boy。故填sitting。 10．（2025高一下·福建福州·期中）These apps provide learning materials (range) from beginners to advanced levels. 【答案】ranging 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些应用程序提供了从初学者到高级水平的学习材料。此处使用非谓语动词作后置定语，range与逻辑主语materials是主动关系，所以用现在分词表主动，故填ranging。 11．（2025高一下·福建福州·期中）The exhibition (feature) modern paining by this artists has received many positive reviews. 【答案】featuring 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：以这位艺术家的现代绘画为特色的展览获得了许多好评。句中has received作谓语，动词feature在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语exhibition构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。故填featuring。 12．（2025高一下·重庆·期中）They finally located the car (belong) to Mr Smith. 【答案】belonging 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们终于找到了史密斯先生的汽车。此处car与belong为主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填belonging。 13．（2025高一下·广东揭阳·期中）The famous professor went onto the stage, sat down and opened his notebook, (prepare) to answer the students’ questions. 【答案】preparing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位著名的教授走上舞台，坐下来，打开笔记本，准备回答学生们的问题。句中已有谓语动词“went”，“sat”和“opened”，空处应用非谓语动词，prepare和逻辑主语The famous professor之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作伴随状语，表示与谓语动词几乎同时发生的动作。故填preparing。 14．（2025高一下·福建福州·期中）Some problems occurred, (upset) our plans of driving across the desert. 【答案】upsetting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：出现了一些问题，扰乱了我们开车穿越沙漠的计划。此处为非谓语动词，需要用现在分词upsetting作结果状语，表示意料之中的结果。故填upsetting。 15．（2025高一下·福建福州·期中） (assume) that the weather is fine tomorrow, we can have a picnic in the park. 【答案】Assuming 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：假设明天天气好，我们可以在公园野餐。此处为非谓语动词作状语，逗号后为主句，已有谓语动词have，因此assume应用非谓语动词形式，assume与句子主语we之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式，且assuming that...可作为固定结构，意为“假设……”，又因位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Assuming。 16．（2025高一下·江苏·期中） (compare) your phone with mine, I know my phone is out of date. 【答案】Comparing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：将你的手机和我的手机比较一下，我就知道我的手机已经过时了。空格处应该用非谓语动词作状语，动词compare与句子的主语I之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词comparing作状语。故填Comparing。 17．（2025高一下·四川成都·阶段练习）Lost in thought, I found myself (walk) in the wrong direction. 【答案】walking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我陷入沉思，发现自己走错了方向。此处walk与myself构成主动且进行的关系，用现在分词作宾补。故填walking。 18．（2025高一下·广东广州·期中）Two students were caught (cheat) in the exam. 【答案】cheating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：两个学生在考试中作弊被抓。固定短语catch sb. doing sth.意为“抓住某人正在做某事”，此处是其被动形式sb. be caught doing sth.“某人被抓住正在做某事”，用现在分词作主语补足语。故填cheating。 19．（2025高一下·河北唐山·期中）With a heavy rain (approach), we all broke away from the work to take shelters. 【答案】approaching 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着一场大雨的临近，我们都放下手中的工作去避雨了。此处为with的复合结构，即“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”，其中宾语为a heavy rain，而approach作为动词，表示“临近，到来”，与a heavy rain之间为主动关系，因此应用现在分词形式。故填approaching。 20．（2025高一下·江苏常州·期中）With more rural residents (spend) time on leisure activities, the tourism market will embrace new growth. 【答案】spending 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着越来越多的农村居民将时间花在休闲活动上，旅游市场将迎来新的增长。“with+宾语+宾语补足语”是with的复合结构，在该结构中，rural residents与spend之间是主动关系，且表示动作正在进行，所以用现在分词spending作宾语补足语。故填spending。 21．（2025高一下·北京·期中）Between two objects of the same size, objects (shape) like a tube fell down more slowly. 【答案】shaped 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在两个同样大小的物体之间，形状像管子的物体下落得更慢。此处shape与objects构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，故填shaped。 22．（2025高一下·广东揭阳·期中）I’m talking about the girl (dress) up as a princess. 【答案】dressed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我正在谈论那个打扮成公主的女孩。句子已有am talking，空处作非谓语动词，be dressed up as 表示“打扮成”，此处去掉be动词，使用过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词girl。故填dressed。 23．（2025高一下·福建福州·期中）The smartphone (equip) with a camera and editing apps helps photographers take and beautify photos easily. 【答案】equipped 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：配有相机和编辑应用程序的智能手机可以帮助摄影师轻松拍摄和美化照片。equip与smartphone构成被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填equipped。 24．（2025高一下·吉林长春·阶段练习）The exhibition hall (decorate) with many traditional Chinese paintings has been open to the public. 【答案】decorated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：用许多中国传统画作装饰的展览大厅已对公众开放。此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词短语the exhibition hall，动词decorate和所修饰词是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填decorated。 25．（2025高一下·重庆·期中）When she woke up, she found himself (surround) by some children.【答案】surrounded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当她醒来时，她发现自己被一些孩子包围了。此处为非谓语动词作宾补，surround与宾语herself之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式作宾补。故填surrounded。 26．（2025高一下·福建三明·期中）In an underground car park, we could get our car battery (charge). 【答案】charged 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在一个地下停车场，我们可以给我们的汽车电池充电。此处为“get+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，动词charge与宾语our car battery之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处应用charge的过去分词形式charged作宾语补足语。故填charged。 27．（2025高一下·福建福州·期中）You got it well (remember) that the southern part broke away from Northern Ireland. 【答案】remembered 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你要记住，南部是从北爱尔兰分离出来的。此处为“get+宾语+宾补”结构，it为形式宾语，空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语，remember和it为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填remembered。 28．（2025高一下·福建三明·期中）She had a copy of the painting (box) to ensure it was delivered safely. 【答案】boxed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她把这幅画装在箱子里，以确保它能安全送达。have sth. done是固定结构，意为“使某事被做”，此处box“把……装箱”与a copy of the painting之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词boxed作宾语补足语。故填boxed。 29．（2025高一下·广东揭阳·期中） (inspire), he asked his fans to make video, which he then joined together into one performance. 【答案】Inspired 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：受到启发，他让粉丝们制作视频，然后将它们组合成一个表演。主句已有谓语asked，空处作非谓语动词，inspire与逻辑主语he之间是被动关系，即“他被启发”，应用过去分词inspired作状语，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Inspired。 30．（2025高一下·广东揭阳·期中）Clearly and thoughtfully (write), the book inspires confidence in students. 【答案】written 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这本书写得清晰且有思想，它激发了学生们的信心。句子已有谓语inspires，空处作非谓语动词，逻辑主语the book与write之间是被动关系，应用过去分词written作状语，表示“被写”。故填written。 31．（2025高一下·四川成都·期中） (annoy) by her friend’ s constant interruptions during study sessions, Emma started working alone in the library. 【答案】Annoyed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在学习期间被她朋友不断的打扰惹恼了，艾玛开始独自在图书馆学习。句中已有谓语动词 started，且设空处和谓语动词之间没有连词，所以空处应用非谓语动词形式。动词 annoy“使恼怒；使生气”和逻辑主语Emma之间是被动关系，即艾玛是被朋友的不断打扰惹恼的，所以应用过去分词形式作原因状语，annoy的过去分词形式是annoyed，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Annoyed。 32．（2025高一下·广东东莞·阶段练习） (absorb) in decorating the house, they missed the start of the parade. 【答案】Absorbed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们专注于装修房子，错过了游行的开始。be absorbed in为固定搭配，意为“专注于”，在句中作状语。故填 Absorbed。 Ⅱ.完成句子 1．他们组织了一场抗议，为环境保护辩护，结果却被地方政府忽视了。 （defense；only） They environmental protection, by the local government. 【答案】 organised a protest in defense of only to be ignored 【详解】考查时态、介词短语和不定式。陈述过去的事情，为一般过去时。“组织了一场抗议”为organise a protest；“为……辩护”为in defense of，作状语；“忽视”为动词ignore，“结果却被忽视”表示出乎意料的结果，用不定式作结果状语，前文陈述的内容与ignore之间为被动关系，用不定式的被动语态，表达为only to be ignored。故填organised a protest in defense of；only to be ignored。 2．他急急忙忙赶到售票处，却被告知票已经被卖光了。 He hurried to the ticket office, only . 【答案】to be told no ticket was available/ all the tickets had been sold out 【详解】考查非谓语动词和宾语从句。“告知”tell，句中已有谓语hurried，tell作非谓语动词，结合语意，“被告知票已经被卖光”是意料之外的结果，且tell与主语He之间是被动关系，所以空处应用动词不定式的被动式作结果状语，后接省略引导词that的宾语从句，从句主语“所有的票”all the tickets，结合“已经”可知，从句应用过去完成时，表示到过去某一时间动作已经完成，即had been，“卖光”sold out；或者从句使用“没有票”no ticket作主语，从句使用一般过去时描述过去的一般状态，be动词使用was，表语“可获得，可得到”available。故填to be told no ticket was available/ all the tickets had been sold out。 3．在老师的激励下，我下定决心做第一个爱上数学的女生。 (分词做状语) , I made up my mind to be the first girl . 【答案】 Inspired by the teacher to fall in love with math 【详解】考查非谓语动词。“激励”为“inspire”与主语I在逻辑上是被动关系，用过去分词做状语。“在老师的激励下”为“inspired by the teacher”；“爱上”为fall in love with，“数学”为“math”，the+序数词后接动词不定式作定语。故翻译为：Inspired by the teacher;  to fall in love with math。 4．与你的同学们经常对照笔记是提高学习的一种有效方法。 Comparing notes with your classmates frequently is a good way . 【答案】to improve your study 【详解】考查非谓语动词。“提高你的学习”表达为improve your study，a way to do sth.“做某事的方法”，所以应用不定式形式，作后置定语，修饰way。故填to improve your study。 5．参与者包括从经验丰富的专业人员到年轻学生，他们分享了对这一主题的看法。 The participants, experienced professionals young students, shared their insights on the topic. 【答案】 ranging from to 【详解】考查固定短语。表示“从……到……，涵盖范围自……到……”用固定短语rang from...to...，本句谓语为shared，此处为非谓语动词，且The participants与rang为主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填①ranging；②from；③to。 6．河豚鱼有九十多种，都属于四齿科。 There are over ninety species of puffer-fish all the family Tetraodontidae. 【答案】 belonging to 【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定短语。all指代species of puffer-fish。表示“属于”用belong to，本句谓语为are，此处为非谓语动词，且belong to与逻辑主语species of puffer-fish构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填belonging to。 7．他突然想到，这本属于汤姆的书不应该被放在玛丽的书桌上。（分词作定语） It that the book Tom shouldn’t had been put on the desk of Mary’s. 【答案】 occurred to him belonging to 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。It occurs/occurred to sb. that...为固定句型，意为“某人突然想到……”，这里表示过去的动作，所以用一般过去时；belong to意为“属于”，在句子中作后置定语修饰the book，它们之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故填①occurred to him②belonging to。 8．随着越来越多的外国人爱上中文，已有超过五百多所的孔子学院在全世界范围建立。 With more and more foreigners , more than five hundred Confucius Institutes all around the world. 【答案】 falling in love with Chinese have been established 【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态。第一空为with的复合结构，表示“爱上”短语为fall in love with，后跟Chinese作宾语，与foreigners构成主动关系，用现在分词作宾补；第二空表示“建立”用动词establish，与主语more than five hundred Confucius Institutes构成被动关系，且过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用have。故填①falling in love with Chinese；②have been established。 9．我看到珍妮在他耳边窃窃私语，很显然是不想别人听到。（非谓语动词） I saw Jenny , obviously to be heard. 【答案】 whispering something into his ear not wanting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。表示“在他耳边窃窃私语”可用whisper something into his ear，本句为“see sb doing sth”的用法，现在分词作宾语补足语。表示“不想”可用not wanting，与上文Jenny为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填whispering something into his ear；not wanting。 10．猫咪陪伴着她，老妇人欣赏着日落，她的微笑流露出内心的宁静。 With her cat , the elderly lady enjoyed the sunset, her smile reflecting inner peace. 【答案】 keeping her company 【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意，表示“陪伴着她”为keep her company，此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构，keep与her cat之间为主动关系，所以此处动词为现在分词形式。故填①keeping②her③company。 11．无论工作多么困难，他都决心完成任务，这些任务包括从简单的数据整理到复杂的方案策划。（分词做状语） the work is, he is determined to complete the tasks, simple data organization to complex plan formulation. 【答案】 No matter how hard ranging from 【详解】考查让步状语从句及非谓语动词。第一空表示“无论……多么困难”可使用no matter how hard引导让步状语从句，注意句首字母大写；第二空需要表示“包括从……到……”，可使用动词短语range from...to...，在句中作状语，与所修饰名词tasks为主动关系，应使用现在分词形式。故填No matter how hard；ranging from。 12．他抬起头，把手交叉到脑后，靠在椅子上。 He looked up and crossed his hands behind his head, 【答案】 leaning back in the chair 【详解】考查非谓语动词。“靠在椅子上”为 lean back in the chair，与he为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填leaning back in the chair。 13．附近燃放的烟花引发了巨大的声响。 The loud noise was caused by the fireworks nearby. 【答案】 set off 【详解】考查动词短语。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“燃放”应用set off，为动词短语，与the fireworks为被动关系，这里应用过去分词作定语，修饰前面名词fireworks。故填set off。 14．他们使用相同的被称为“联合王国国旗的旗帜”以及共享相同的货币和军事防御。 They use the same flag, the Union Jack, as well as share the and . 【答案】 known as same currency military defence 【详解】考查动词短语和名词短语。第一空表示“被称为”应用动词短语be known as，此处省略be动词，使用过去分词，作后置定语；第二空表示“相同的货币”译为same currency；第三空表示“军事防御”译为military defence。故填①known as；②same currency；③military defence。 15．他们在英格兰各地建造了城堡，并对法律制度进行了修改。 They had castles all around England, and made changes to the system. 【答案】 built legal 【详解】考查非谓语动词和形容词。“建造”用动词build，在第1空处作宾语补足语，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语castles之间是被动关系，且“建造了城堡”是已经发生的事情，过去分词built表被动和完成；“法律”在第2空处修饰名词system，用形容词legal作定语。故填built；legal。 16．到达车站时，我发现我的钱包被偷了。 (find+宾语+宾补) I when I got to the station. 【答案】found my wallet stolen 【详解】考查动词和名词。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“我发现我的钱包被偷了”应用I found my wallet stolen，这里时态应与后文保持一致用一般过去时，my wallet是宾语，stolen是过去分词作宾补，用来补充说明宾语my wallet的状态，表示“被偷了”。故填found my wallet stolen。 17．受到启发，他让歌迷们制作视频，然后将视频合并到一个表演中。 , he asked his fans to make videos, he then joined together into one performance. 【答案】 Inspired which 【详解】考查动词和定语从句。“启发”为动词inspire，句子中有谓语，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，主语he和动词inspire是被动关系，应用过去分词作状语，单词位于句首，首字母大写；第二空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词videos，指物，且关系词在从句中作宾语，应用which引导，故填Inspired，which。 18．为了鼓励经济增长，政府实施了许多新政策。 encouraging economic growth, many new policies have been carried out by the government. 【答案】 Aimed at 【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意，此处表示“为了”为动词短语be aimed at，所以此处aim与many new policies之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填①Aimed②at 。 Ⅲ 句型转换 1．I hurried to the post office and only found it closed. →I hurried to the post office, it closed. 【答案】only to find 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我急忙到邮局，结果发现它关闭了。only found it closed可以转化为非谓语动词作状语，即only to do，表示出乎意料的结果，故填only to find。 2．We are looking for an apartment that we can live in. We are looking for an apartment . 【答案】to live in 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们正在找一套可以住的公寓。原句使用了that引导的限定性定语从句，修饰先行词an apartment，可以把定语从句改成非谓语动词作定语的形式。动词短语live in和所修饰词apartment是动宾关系，应用不定式作后置定语。故填to live in。 3．The four countries that belong to the United Kindom work together in some areas.（同义转换） The four countries the United Kindom work together in some areas. 【答案】 belonging to 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：属于联合王国的四个国家在某些领域合作。此处belong to与The four countries构成主动关系，用现在分词作定语。故填belonging to。 4．The house belongs to his parents. He lives in the house. →He lives in the house . 【答案】belonging to his parents 【详解】考查非谓语动词。原句句意：这房子是他父母的。他住在这所房子里。空处作修饰the house的后置定语，belong to“属于”和the house逻辑上是主动关系，因此用其现在分词形式作定语。故填belonging to his parents。 5．From that day on, he put down his hoe and waited by the stump for a second hare to turn up, but no luck.（用现在分词升级句） 【答案】From that day on, he put down his hoe, waiting by the stump for a second hare to turn up, but no luck.【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从那天开始，他放下锄头，在树桩边等着再有兔子出现，但是没等到好运。原句使用put和waited作并列谓语，可去掉连词and，将wait改写为非谓语动词形式，其余部分不变，wait与逻辑主语he之间是主动关系，使用现在分词形式waiting作状语。故答案为From that day on, he put down his hoe, waiting by the stump for a second hare to turn up, but no luck. 6．He wore sunglasses and went into the supermarket one day. →He went into the supermarket one day, sunglasses. 【答案】wearing 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：有一天，他戴着太阳镜走进超市。把原句的and去掉，把另一个谓语动词wore变为非谓语动词，和主语之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填wearing。 7．You can find that it weighs a little more than before. (用“find 复合结构”升级句子) 【答案】You can find it weighing a little more than before. 【详解】考查find复合结构。句意：你会发现它比以前重了一点。此处为find+宾语+宾补结构，且it与weigh构成主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补。故改为You can find it weighing a little more than before. 8．The house which was decorated beautifully attracted a lot of visitors. (用分词改写句子) 【答案】The beautifully decorated house attracted a lot of visitors. 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这座装饰精美的房子吸引了很多游客。decorated“装饰”与house构成被动关系，按照要求用分词改写句子，将定语从句which was decorated beautifully attracted a lot of visitors改写为过去分词短语beautifully decorated，作定语，修饰house。故答案为The beautifully decorated house attracted a lot of visitors. 9．To her surprise, Mary found that the room had been cleaned up by the kids yesterday. (同义句转换) To her surprise, Mary found the room by the kids yesterday. 【答案】 cleaned up 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：昨天，令玛丽吃惊的是，她发现房间已经被孩子们打扫过了。原句中使用了that引导了宾语从句；还可使用动词find+宾语+宾语补足语结构，该句中空前the room作found宾语，空上格处使用动词短语clean up的适当形式作宾补，房间被打扫，clean up与the room之间为被动关系，应使用过去分词形式。故填①cleaned；②up。 10．As they were cquipped with advanced tools, he scicntists were able to complete the experiment suwcesstully    , the scientists were able to complete the experiment successfully. 【答案】 Equipped with advanced tools 【详解】考查句型转换。句意：由于科学家们获得了先进的工具，他们能够顺利地完成实验。原句“As they were equipped with advanced tools”是一个原因状语从句，由as引导，说明科学家能够成功完成实验的原因。在转换后的句子中，可以使用了过去分词短语作原因状语。这是因为equip与句子的主语the scientists之间存在被动关系，即科学家是“被配备”先进工具的，所以用过去分词形式来表达这种被动含义。句首字母大写，故填Equipped；with；advanced；tools。 8 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 语法串讲 05非谓语动词(精讲精练) (动词不定式作定语和结果状语，分词作定语，状语和宾语补足语) 考点一. 不定式作定语和结果状语 1. 不定式作定语 (1)不定式作定语常表示将来的动作；不定式的被动式to be done作定语表示将来、被动的动作。 My father is an honest man. He is a good person to work with.我的父亲是一个诚实的人。他是一个很好共事的人。 The house to be built there soon will be a library for the students.那里即将建成的房子将成为学生们的图书馆。 (2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。 I had no pen to write with so he had to borrow one from his classmate. 我没有钢笔写字，不得不从同学那儿借了一支。 (3)当中心词为序数词、最高级，the last，the only等或中心词被这类词修饰，且该中心词是作定语的非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，多用不定式作定语。 He is the first student to come to school. 他是第一个到学校的学生。 (4)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。、 2. 不定式作结果状语 不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，常用于下列结构：only to(不料……)、enough to(足够……)、too...to...(太……而不能……)、so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等。 Having saved adequate money for his dream guitar, the little boy hurried to the store, only to be told that it had been sold to someone else.攒了足够的 买他梦寐以求的吉他的钱后，小男孩急忙赶到商店，却被告知吉他已经卖给别人了。 The stamp is interesting enough to attract millions of people.邮票很有趣，足以吸引数百万人。 He is too tired to stay up any longer. 他太累了，不能再熬夜了。 考点二. 分词作定语 1. 分词(V-ing/ V-ed)作定语 (1)及物动词的分词形式作定语 作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成或状态时，用过去分词。 The girls wearing traditional costumes look so attractive.穿着传统服装的女孩看起来很有吸引力。(主动) We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。(被动、正在进行) Having seen quite a few productions of Hamlet, I was full of confidence—until the Peking Opera came to town.看过不少哈姆雷特的作品后，我充满了信心——直到京剧来到城里。(主动，完成) These regions have each developed their own characteristics based on traditional kite-making craftsmanship (手艺).这些地区都在传统风筝制作工艺的基础上发展出了自己的特色。(被动、完成) (2)不及物动词的分词形式作定语 作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。 falling leaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进行) fallen leaves落叶(表完成) (3) 动名词作定语 动名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。 a reading room阅览室 a sleeping car卧铺车 2. 分词(V-ing/ V-ed) 作状语 分词包括现在分词和过去分词，现在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系，且含有进行的意义；过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，且含有完成的意义。 (1)作时间状语相当于when，while，before，since，as引导的时间状语从句。 Translated into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. ＝When the sentence was translated into English，it was found to have an entirely different word order. 当这个句子被译成英语时，人们发现它有一个完全不同的语序。 (2)作原因状语相当于because，since，as引导的原因状语从句。 ①Not understanding this problem，he asked the teacher about it.＝Because he didn’t understand this problem，he asked the teacher about it.因为不理解这个问题，他问了老师。 ②Defeated by his deskmate，he felt discouraged.＝Because he was defeated by his deskmate，he felt discouraged. 由于被同桌打败了，他感到气馁。 (3)作条件状语相当于if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。 Given another hour，I can also work out this problem.＝If I’m given another hour，I can also work out the problem. 如果再给我一个小时，我也能解决这个问题。 (4)作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus。 More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. 中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。 (5)作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。 One evening Harry phoned me，asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.＝One evening Harry phoned me，and he asked me to come to his flat as soon as possible.一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他的公寓。 (6)作让步状语相当于though，although，even if等引导的让步状语从句。 Warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice.＝Though he was warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice.虽然被警告有危险，他仍旧在薄冰上滑冰。 温馨提示　某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如：lost(迷路的)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(隐瞒的)、lost/absorbed(沉迷于……的)、dressed(穿着……的)、tired(对……感到厌倦的)、excited(兴奋的)等。 Absorbed in his book，he didn’t notice me enter the room.专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。 3. 独立成分作状语 有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有： 独立成分 含义 generally speaking 一般来说 frankly/honestly speaking 坦白地/老实说 judging from/by... 根据……来判断 considering.../taking...into consideration/account 考虑到…… to tell you the truth 说实话 seeing... 考虑到…… given... 考虑到…… compared to/with... 与……相比 Generally speaking，the rule is very easy to understand.一般来说，这条规则很容易懂。 Judging from his accent，he is from Hong Kong.从口音判断，他是香港人。 4. 独立主格结构 (1)构成：名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式 (2)特点： ①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在； ②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系； ③它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 Weather permitting(＝If weather permits)，they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们明天将去海滩郊游。 He was lying on the grass，his hands crossed under his head(＝and his hands were crossed under his head). 他头枕着交叉的双手躺在草地上。 作感官动词(短语)、使役动词的宾补 (1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel的宾语补足语有四种形式， 以see为例： see＋宾语＋ I saw him leave a few minutes ago. 我看见他几分钟前离开了。 Bencheley Bencheley saw sharks being killed and this caused a deep change in him.看到鲨鱼被杀，这让他发生了深刻的变化。 Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother taken good care of at home. 从非洲医疗服务两年回来后，李医生十分高兴地看到家里的母亲得到了很好的照顾。 I was sleeping when I heard my name shouted.我正在睡觉，突然听到有人叫我的名字。 [温馨提示]　“感官动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加to。 The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态)有人看见小偷进了银行。 (2)使役动词make，let，have，get后接复合宾语的情况： ①make＋宾语＋ The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school.老师让一些学生放学后待在教室里。 He spoke slowly to make himself understood.他慢慢地说，以使人理解他自己。 ②let＋宾语＋ Don’t let your child play with matches.别让你的孩子玩火柴。 Let the work be done immediately.立刻把工作做完。 ③have＋宾语＋ He had the light burning all night，which made his parents very angry.他让灯着了整晚，这使他父母很生气。 Before the hurricane came, the family had the doors and windows of their house repaired.在飓风来临之前，这家人把房子的门窗都修好了。 温馨提示　(1)“使役动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时也需加to。 He was made to work day and night，so he was very tired of the job.他被迫日夜工作，所以他非常厌倦这项工作。 (2)have sb doing sth用于否定句中，常与can’t，won’t等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。 I won’t have you speaking to your dad like that.我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话。 ④get＋宾语＋ She got her bike running very fast.她把自行车骑得飞快。 Besides performing and modeling, Hannah travels the world giving presentations and talks, getting more people involved in the conservation of ocean life.除了表演和模特，汉娜周游世界做报告和演讲，让更多的人参与到海洋生物的保护中来。 3. 动词leave，keep，find，catch后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况 (1)leave (2)keep (3)find ⇒ (4)catch sb doing sth撞见某人正在做某事 She insisted that she should be kept informed.她坚持要求自己被告知情况。 The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious.大部分的菜客人们都没有动，因为它们不可口。 I find my money stolen.我发现我的钱被偷了。 The hall was found thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.人们发现礼堂彻底地被打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。 5. “with＋宾语＋宾补”结构 (1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词，现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行 With the thick fog disappearing finally, the beautiful scenery unfolded before our eyes.随着浓雾终于消失，美丽的景色展现在我们眼前。 (2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词，过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成或表状态 With the gift brightly wrapped, she handed it to her best friend at the birthday party.礼物包装得光彩夺目，她在生日派对上将它递给了她最好的朋友。 1. 分析句子结构，判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词 首先判定所给提示词是否充当句子的谓语，如果句子不缺少谓语，那就是非谓语动词。 2. 找逻辑主语，再判断与动词之间的关系 (1)非谓语动词作定语时，其逻辑主语是被修饰词；作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语；作补语时，其逻辑主语是动词或介词的宾语。 (2)如果逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系，则用现在分词；如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，则用过去分词。 但是当含有被动意义时，如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行，则用现在分词形式的被动式。 3. 判断所给动词与谓语动词发生的先后顺序 (1)to have done，having done表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前； (2)to be doing，doing表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作(几乎)同时发生。 1.(2024·北京卷)Just then, some kids ran at him, 　　　　　(knock) his books out of his arms. 2. (2024•浙江1月高考) Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs ________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 3. (2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 　　　　　(inspire) by The Peony Pavilion,　　　　 was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.  4．The ability (admit) this should be perceived not as a weakness, but as a strength. 5．（2025高一下·广东揭阳·期中）The boy (sit) under the Christmas tree was delighted. 6．Edmonton is freezing cold in winter, with daily temperatures (average) -10°℃. 7．（2025高一下·重庆·期中）When she woke up, she found himself (surround) by some children. 8．Between two objects of the same size, objects (shape) like a tube fell down more slowly. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·期中）Many reporters hurried to the airport, only (find) that superstars had left. 2．（2025高一下·江苏镇江·阶段练习）The police hurried to the spot, only (tell) the damaged car had been taken away. 3．（2025高一下·重庆·阶段练习）They went to the store to buy the new phone, only (inform) that it was sold out. 4．（2025高一下·四川广安·阶段练习）Yesterday I went to see her, only (learn) that she had gone abroad a week before. 5．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·期中）The project (complete) by next month will use advanced AI technology. 6．（2025高一下·广东广州·期中）Ambitious and determined, he was the first (volunteer) for the challenging project. 7．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·期中）I was staying in Atlanta, which was one of the cities (hit). 8．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·期中）The question (discuss) at tomorrow’s meeting is very important. 9．（2025高一下·广东揭阳·期中）The boy (sit) under the Christmas tree was delighted. 10．（2025高一下·福建福州·期中）These apps provide learning materials (range) from beginners to advanced levels. 11．（2025高一下·福建福州·期中）The exhibition (feature) modern paining by this artists has received many positive reviews. 12．（2025高一下·重庆·期中）They finally located the car (belong) to Mr Smith. 13．（2025高一下·广东揭阳·期中）The famous professor went onto the stage, sat down and opened his notebook, (prepare) to answer the students’ questions. 14．（2025高一下·福建福州·期中）Some problems occurred, (upset) our plans of driving across the desert. 15．（2025高一下·福建福州·期中） (assume) that the weather is fine tomorrow, we can have a picnic in the park. 16．（2025高一下·江苏·期中） (compare) your phone with mine, I know my phone is out of date. 17．（2025高一下·四川成都·阶段练习）Lost in thought, I found myself (walk) in the wrong direction. 18．（2025高一下·广东广州·期中）Two students were caught (cheat) in the exam. 19．（2025高一下·河北唐山·期中）With a heavy rain (approach), we all broke away from the work to take shelters. 20．（2025高一下·江苏常州·期中）With more rural residents (spend) time on leisure activities, the tourism market will embrace new growth. 21．（2025高一下·北京·期中）Between two objects of the same size, objects (shape) like a tube fell down more slowly. 22．（2025高一下·广东揭阳·期中）I’m talking about the girl (dress) up as a princess. 23．（2025高一下·福建福州·期中）The smartphone (equip) with a camera and editing apps helps photographers take and beautify photos easily. 24．（2025高一下·吉林长春·阶段练习）The exhibition hall (decorate) with many traditional Chinese paintings has been open to the public. 25．（2025高一下·重庆·期中）When she woke up, she found himself (surround) by some children. 26．（2025高一下·福建三明·期中）In an underground car park, we could get our car battery (charge). 27．（2025高一下·福建福州·期中）You got it well (remember) that the southern part broke away from Northern Ireland. 28．（2025高一下·福建三明·期中）She had a copy of the painting (box) to ensure it was delivered safely. 29．（2025高一下·广东揭阳·期中） (inspire), he asked his fans to make video, which he then joined together into one performance. 30．（2025高一下·广东揭阳·期中）Clearly and thoughtfully (write), the book inspires confidence in students. 31．（2025高一下·四川成都·期中） (annoy) by her friend’ s constant interruptions during study sessions, Emma started working alone in the library. 32．（2025高一下·广东东莞·阶段练习） (absorb) in decorating the house, they missed the start of the parade. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．他们组织了一场抗议，为环境保护辩护，结果却被地方政府忽视了。 （defense；only） They environmental protection, by the local government. 2．他急急忙忙赶到售票处，却被告知票已经被卖光了。 He hurried to the ticket office, only . 3．在老师的激励下，我下定决心做第一个爱上数学的女生。 (分词做状语) , I made up my mind to be the first girl . 4．与你的同学们经常对照笔记是提高学习的一种有效方法。 Comparing notes with your classmates frequently is a good way . 5．参与者包括从经验丰富的专业人员到年轻学生，他们分享了对这一主题的看法。 The participants, experienced professionals young students, shared their insights on the topic. 6．河豚鱼有九十多种，都属于四齿科。 There are over ninety species of puffer-fish all the family Tetraodontidae. 7．他突然想到，这本属于汤姆的书不应该被放在玛丽的书桌上。（分词作定语） It that the book Tom shouldn’t had been put on the desk of Mary’s. 8．随着越来越多的外国人爱上中文，已有超过五百多所的孔子学院在全世界范围建立。 With more and more foreigners , more than five hundred Confucius Institutes all around the world. 9．我看到珍妮在他耳边窃窃私语，很显然是不想别人听到。（非谓语动词） I saw Jenny , obviously to be heard. 10．猫咪陪伴着她，老妇人欣赏着日落，她的微笑流露出内心的宁静。 With her cat , the elderly lady enjoyed the sunset, her smile reflecting inner peace. 11．无论工作多么困难，他都决心完成任务，这些任务包括从简单的数据整理到复杂的方案策划。（分词做状语） the work is, he is determined to complete the tasks, simple data organization to complex plan formulation. He looked up and crossed his hands behind his head, 13．附近燃放的烟花引发了巨大的声响。 The loud noise was caused by the fireworks nearby. 14．他们使用相同的被称为“联合王国国旗的旗帜”以及共享相同的货币和军事防御。 They use the same flag, the Union Jack, as well as share the and . 15．他们在英格兰各地建造了城堡，并对法律制度进行了修改。 They had castles all around England, and made changes to the system. 16．到达车站时，我发现我的钱包被偷了。 (find+宾语+宾补) I when I got to the station. 17．受到启发，他让歌迷们制作视频，然后将视频合并到一个表演中。 , he asked his fans to make videos, he then joined together into one performance. 18．为了鼓励经济增长，政府实施了许多新政策。 encouraging economic growth, many new policies have been carried out by the government. Ⅲ 句型转换 1．I hurried to the post office and only found it closed. →I hurried to the post office, it closed. 2．We are looking for an apartment that we can live in. We are looking for an apartment . 3．The four countries that belong to the United Kindom work together in some areas.（同义转换） The four countries the United Kindom work together in some areas. 4．The house belongs to his parents. He lives in the house. →He lives in the house . 5．From that day on, he put down his hoe and waited by the stump for a second hare to turn up, but no luck.（用现在分词升级句） 6．He wore sunglasses and went into the supermarket one day. →He went into the supermarket one day, sunglasses. 7．You can find that it weighs a little more than before. (用“find 复合结构”升级句子) 8．The house which was decorated beautifully attracted a lot of visitors. (用分词改写句子) 9．To her surprise, Mary found that the room had been cleaned up by the kids yesterday. (同义句转换) To her surprise, Mary found the room by the kids yesterday. 10．As they were cquipped with advanced tools, he scicntists were able to complete the experiment suwcesstully    , the scientists were able to complete the experiment successfully. 8 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$