专题02 词汇填空 【期末必刷10篇】-2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末考点大串讲（上海）

2024-2025学年高二下学期期末考点大串讲（上海） 专题02 词汇填空题精选10篇 01 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试卷 A．day-trippers        B．enthusiasts          C． exploring         D．first-tier        E. guided F. inclusive      G. interacting    H. potential   I. rhyme       J. tailored    K. trending Gather together a couple of good friends and take a leisurely walk through the streets—this is what many youngsters in China enjoy doing when they visit a new city. Citywalk can be a(n) 1 trip tailor-made for a small group of people organized by a travel agency, or simply a leisurely walk for once or two to explore new areas, sticking to the key point: avoiding famous scenic spots and big crowds to gain a more 2 experience of the places you visit. That is to say, you are given the freedom to explore endless possibilities. Hashtags (话题标签) and keywords for Citywalk are currently 3 across multiple Chinese social media platforms, as more and more people look to share their experiences and thoughts online. In China, the Citywalk trend is spreading from 4 cities like Beijing and Shanghai to second and third-tier cities, encouraging more participants and event organizers to get involved. Some organizers invite folk culture 5 to act as tour guides. Xiao Yiyi is a young entrepreneur (创业者) based in Changsha 6 new possibilities in the tourism sector. Recently she launched six Citywalk routes in different cities on her social media account, with the aim of providing experiences for visitors to walk in “open-air museums”, an approach for young people to 7 with a city. Xiao Yiyi said her events usually last around half a day. Beijing and Shandong have included Citywalk in their plans to promote cultural tourism and leisure tours. Shanghai has established Citywalk routes using public bus routes to help 8 reach more remote districts by public transport and continue on foot. Even though Citywalk is a relatively new phenomenon, industry insiders say that its 9 is huge. Many tour guides also try to expand their influence online, sharing their experiences to attract potential customers. Citywalk is offerıng a positive change to urban travelers as they can better choose the experiences that correspond with their interests and needs. At the same time, Citywalk represents an opportunity for tour guides to offer a more 10 , professional service to meet with ever-changing market demands. 02 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试卷 A．exported        B．dumping        C． equity       D．driven   E. bumping     F. share    G. unfounded     H. simply   I. projected     J. obsessed     K. supposedly Taking a Wrong Turn The word “overcapacity” has recently gained attention after US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen claimed that China has caused “overcapacity” in the new energy sector, including electric vehicles(EVs) and lithium batteries (锂电池). 11 put, “overcapacity”, in Yellen’s words, refers to producing too many goods, which could lead to global price distortions and affect businesses and workers in other countries. However, this viewpoint is 12 and lacks evidence. Contrary to concerns about “overcapacity”, global production in the new energy sector is actually at “undercapacity” — production is insufficient to meet demand. Data from the International Energy Agency showed that global demand for new energy vehicles(NEVs)is 13 to reach 45 million units by 2030, 4.5 times the 2022 levels. The idea that China has 14 new energy products at low prices is also incorrect. Chinese NEVs are sold at higher prices overseas than in China, and despite this, their sales continue to grow rapidly. Even the US magazine The Atlantic admitted, “Chinese electric vehicles are cheap, stylish, and high quality… Instead, the White House is going out of its way to keep Chinese EVs out of the US.” These observations indicate that the pricing and sales of new energy products are 15   by international market supply and demand, rather than being only affected by the so-called “overcapacity” caused by China. Moreover, China’s over 60 percent 16 of the global power battery market comes from its focus on technological innovation and high-quality production, not low-cost 17 . “The purpose of technological innovation has never been to widen global differences,” Zeng Yuqun, founder and CEO of CATL, a leading company in new energy innovative technologies, told 21st Century Business Herald. “For China’s power batteries, technological innovation has 18 progress; green development has sustained growth, and technological 19 is the goal,” Zeng added. While China focuses on innovation and quality, the US is 20 with a “100-percent Made in America” goal. The Biden administration plans to subsidize (补贴) US businesses and promote the use of domestic materials to achieve this goal. 03 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市杨浦区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语调研卷 A．threat   B．originally   C． defense   D．reduced   E. potential   F. destructive G. unintentionally   H. enormous   I. released   J. astronomical   K. adapted Our Unwelcome Guests If you picnic in a Texas park, chances are that you'll encounter fire ants -- a troublesome pest renowned for their painful and irritating stings. This invasive (入侵的) species, like many others, is not only annoying but also expensive and   21 . From the vast landscapes of Texas to the exotic shores in China, non-native animals, plants, bacteria and viruses are damaging economies and ecosystems. An invasive species is any kind of living thing that is foreign to a particular ecosystem and causes harm. Sometimes non-native species are imported   22 , like in the 1930s when cargo ships from South America accidentally took fire ants to North America. Other times non-native species are purposely brought in. For instance, certain Asian fish species, 23 imported from China to clean fish farms in the U. S., escaped and entered local rivers. Similarly, green iguanas were brought to China as pets, but some irresponsible owners 24 them into the wild. The same thing occurred in Florida with Burmese pythons. The worldwide economic impact of introduced species is   25 . According to U. S. government estimates, invasive species cost the American economy over $120 billion annually. The economic impact of fire ants alone totals in the billions. Various U. S. agencies spend hundreds of millions fighting introduced species such as Asian carp, Africanized bees and Burmese pythons. In southern China, green iguanas are damaging irrigation systems, harming agricultural production and posing a   26 to the native reptile (爬行动物) populations. Invasive species have the   27 to destroy their new habitats by upsetting the local ecosystems. They often lack natural predators (掠食者) in their new environment and out-compete native species for food and other resources. They may even prey on local species. In Florida, for instance, pythons have   28 some regional mammal populations by 90 percent. Additionally, Invasive species can also carry diseases against which local species have no natural   29 , resulting in the extinction of an entire native species. Alarmingly, the National Wildlife Federation in the U. S. reports that, “Invasive species are among the primary dangers to native wildlife. Roughly 42 percent of endangered species are at risk due to invasive species.” Unless people take serious action, the economic and environmental costs connected to invasive species will become 30 . 04 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市闵行区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题 A．focused     B．labels     C． contributes     D．accident    E. duly    F. present G. rarely    H. tricks    I. available    J. equipped    K. attempt     This Is Why Most Grocery Stores Lack Windows When you’re grocery shopping, have you noticed that supermarkets often lack windows, and if they have them, they’re only at the front of the store? You may 31 pay attention to the architectural features of the building because you’re there to shop for food, not admire the layout. But that’s the point. If grocery stores had windows, would it be easier to ignore your main shopping task? There are all sorts of supermarket 32 grocery stores have to keep you shopping longer. It’s no 33 that grocery stores often lack windows and there are a few reasons behind this trend. One of them is a (n) 34 to keep people inside longer. Stores want to create a separate environment within their store where the outside world doesn’t exist. In spite of the rain or sunshine, your attention remains 35 . The technique also prevents shoppers from noticing it’s getting dark out. It really 36 to an immersive (沉浸式的) shopping experience, for better or worse. Keeping daylight out of stores can help preserve the products, as some fresh produce can go bad faster in direct sunlight. Too much sun exposure can even cause packaging 37 to fade. Having windows in stores would also reduce the space 38 to display products. Not to mention, 39 with strong structural supports, outside walls can hold the heavier items on the shelves of those walls. Due to the high cost of constructing windows and storefronts, along with the potential security risks they probably 40 , retailers (零售商) choose to minimize the number of entry points into their space in order to cut expenses and improve safety. 05 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市进才中学2023-2024学年高二下学期英语试题 A．applauding B．boost C． commodity D．cover E. estimate F. harmonious G. prizing H. standardized I. surfaced J. time-honored K. tune Luxury brands used to speak in monologues. However, nowadays, influencers are becoming the ambassadors of those luxurious brands. In the age of social media, the buyers are having a voice in products, in particular, the influencers. These individuals have won large followings by 41 and attacking occasionally a variety of products. Their fame stems from the clever use of Instagram, Snapchat or TikTok. Their posts seem trivial. Their business isn’t. For consumers, influencers are at once a walking advert and a trusted friend. For the brands, they are a(n) 42 . And for regulators, they are the subject of ever closer review. On March 29th, news reports 43 that China’s authorities were planning new restrictions concerning livestreaming platforms. The limitations 44 how much money internet users can spend tipping their favorite influencers, how much those influencers can earn from fans and what they are allowed to post. There hardly exists any 45 of the size of the influencer industry. One in 2020 from the National Bureau of Statistics in China, where influencers gained prominence earlier than in the West, assessed its contribution to the economy at $210bn, equivalent to 1.4% of GDP. As with many things digital, the pandemic seems to have given it a(n) 46 as more people were glued to their smartphones more of the time. The influencer ecosystem is challenging the 47 principle of luxury-brand management. Apart from being one-directional, campaigns have tended to be 48 , unchanging and expensive. The same smile from the same photograph of the same Hollywood star would induce passers-by to purchase an item for many years. Such star-led campaigns can be unappealing to teenagers and 20-somethings 49 authenticity over timeless glamour. And influencers, with their girl-or boy-next-door charm, offer this for a small portion of the fee of a big-name star. The best ones are able to repackage a brand’s message in a way that is 50 with their voice, their followers’ tastes and their platform of choice. So to be a top-ten brand, you have to know how to play the digital game. If you don’t, you are not going to be top ten for very long. 06 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市敬业中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题 A．avoid       B．diligent      C． flexible     D．guidance      E. imagination F. independent G. initiative  H. prospects     I. pursue       J. ruin          K. unrealistic Why don’t you get a proper job? Today’s 14-and 15-year-olds are ambitious. They are optimistic about their 51 , but their career ideas are rather vague. A job for life is not in their vocabulary; neither is a dead-end but secure job that is boring but pays the bills. Almost half the boys surveyed expected that their hobbies would lead them into the right sort of job, while most girls seemed determined to 52 traditionally female careers such as nursing. In the past, this might have counted as bad news. But the world has changed. The global economy is not kind to yesterday’s 53 and dependable worker. The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious and can take the 54 . This means that a 14-year-old who sees her working future as a kind of adventure, to be made up as she goes along, is not necessarily being 55 . However, she has to have the training and 56 to help her develop the right skills for today’s market; not the rigid (死板的) preparation for a workplace that disappeared 20 years ago. So what is to be done? Agood first step would be to change the way in which schools prepare young people for adult life. The education system is becoming less 57 and more obsessed (无法摆脱) with traditional skills at just the time that the employment market is going in the opposite direction. Accurate, up-to-date information on new jobs and qualifications can help guidance counsellors to help their students. Young people need solid information on the sort of training they need to 58 the career of their dreams. Also, a little bit of encouragement can go a long way. What, then, can we as parents do to help them? The best thing is to forget all the advice that our parents gave us, and step into our teenager’s shoes. Once we’ve done that, it’s easier to see how important it is that they learn how to be 59 and resourceful. Give them the courage to follow their dreams—however odd they might sound right now. In a world that offers economic security to almost no one, 60 is a terrible thing to waste. 07 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市宝山区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末教学质量监测英语试卷 A．apply    B．broadly    C．complicated    D．downside    E．hardly    F．neighbors G．overburdened    H．pills    I．re-labeling    J．turning    K．worse Britain appears to be in a mental-health crisis. In the past decade no European country has seen a greater increase in the use of antidepressants(抗抑郁药); now only the Portuguese and Icelanders are popping more of the 61 . Around 4.5m Britons were in contact with mental-health services in 2021-22, a rise of almost l m in five years. There are a few reasons why Britons might be unhappier than their 62 . One global poll found that teenagers in Britain were some of the loneliest in the world, with few supportive relationships and a low sense of purpose and meaning: all risk factors for poor mental health. Britain’s poorest households are also 63 off than their equivalents in France and Germany, for example, which makes them more vulnerable to conditions such as anxiety and depression. And Britain’s health system can seem more 64 than those in most other rich countries. In England alone, some 3.8 m are waiting for mental-health treatment. Those factors might explain why more people are 65 to medication. Another reason is increased awareness. Campaigns around depression and anxiety have been particularly successful in Britain. That is 66 a good thing. A reduction in humiliation (蒙羞) has encouraged more people to seek help. Taking antidepressants – or using mental-health services — has become much more acceptable. But there is a 67 to this, as The Economist recently reported. Surveys suggest that Britons are increasingly 68 common human emotions, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses. “You’re going to lose any sense of what mental illness is if you start to 69 it to 30%, 50% of the population,” says Adrian Massey, author of a book called “Sick-Note Britain”. For all the focus on anxiety and depression in campaigns, severe mental illnesses still receive too little attention. This is a problem: according to the GBD, Britain has the highest rates of severe mental illness in Europe. The causes of such conditions are unclear, but seem to involve a 70 interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Illegal drug misuse, for which Britain has among the highest rates in the region, also plays a role. 08 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市川沙中学2023-2024学年高二下学期英语试题 A．means    B．previously    C． mark    D．interpreted    E. stretches F. sound    G. resulting    H. absorb    I. presence    J. initially    K. mastered How and why, roughly 2 million years ago, early human ancestors evolved large brains and began fashioning relatively advanced stone tools, is one of the great mysteries of evolution. Some researchers argue these changes were brought about by the invention of cooking. They point out that our bite weakened around the same time as our larger brains evolved, and that it takes less energy to 71 nutrients from cooked food. As a result, once they had learned the art, early chefs could invest less in their digestive systems and thus invest the 72 energy savings in building larger brains capable of complex thought. There is, however, a problem with the cooking theory. Most archaeologists believe the evidence of controlled fire 73 back no more than 790,000 years. Roger Summons of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has a solution. Together with his team, he analyzed 1.7 million-year-old sandstones that formed in an ancient river at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. The region is famous for the large number of human fossils (化石) that have been discovered there, alongside an impressive ‘assembly of stone tools. The sandstones themselves have 74 yielded some of the world’s earliest complex hand axes —large tear-drop-shaped stone tools that are associated with Homo erectus (直立人). Creating an ax e by repeatedly knocking thin pieces off a raw stone in order to create two sharp cutting edges requires a significant amount of planning. Their appearance is therefore thought to 75 an important moment in intellectual evolution. During the process, the researchers found distinctive but unusual biological molecules (分子) that are often 76 as biomarkers of heat-tolerant bacteria. Some of these live in water between 85℃ and 95℃. The molecules’ 77 suggests that an ancient river within the Gorge was once fed by one or more hot springs. Dr. Summons and his colleagues say the hot springs would have provided a convenient “pre-fire” 78 of cooking food. In New Zealand, the Maori have traditionally cooked food in hot springs, either by lowering it into the boiling water or fey digging a hole in the hot earth. Similar methods exist in Japan and Iceland, so it makes 79 sense, if difficult to prove, that early humans might have used hot springs to cook meat and roots. Richard Wrangham, who devised the cooking theory, is fascinated by the idea. Nonetheless, fire would have offered a distinct advantage to humans, once they had 80 the art of controlling it since, unlike a hot spring, it is a transportable resource. 09 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市华东师范大学附属周浦中学2023-2024学年高二下学期英语试题 A．wonder  B．regular  C． doubt D．physically E. breathing F. wealth G. functioning  H. flexibility I. flow J. generally K. mood Sometimes it’s the simplest daily practice that can have the biggest impact on your health, and yoga is proof of that. Although most forms of yoga aren’t considered to be as intense as other workout regimens, practising yoga on a daily basis has been scientifically demonstrated to help you mentally and 81 . Through breath work, meditation and holding poses that increase strength and 82 the body and mind gain benefits from yoga that positively impact your long-term health. It’s no 83 people have been practising yoga for over 5000 years, and that the number of Australians practising yoga doubled between 2008 and 2017 to over two million, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Yoga teacher, Jenni Tarmar, shares, “we have a 84 of research demonstrating that a regular mindfulness practice - the act of paying attention to the sensation in the body, thoughts and emotions without judgment - can reduce stress and help us to feel calmer, more productive, and 85 more even-keeled in our daily lives.” After evaluating yoga history and research, one 2014 review published in Frontiers in Human Neouroscience concluded that 86 yoga practice can help facilitate self-regulation. Another study of adolescents between the ages of 13 and 18 found that practising yoga positively benefited emotional regulation and self-esteem. “Movement releases beneficial neurotransmitters (神经转发器) in the brain, which helps us feel good as well as assist in 87 regulation,” says yoga instructor, Evan Lawrence. “One of the things that I like about yoga specifically is that there is, at the same time, a focus on physical movement and 88 .” According to associate professor of psychiatry, Dr Gail Saltz, “practising yoga improves overall blood 89 to the body, including the brain, which is helpful for cognition and memory.” One 2019 review published in Brain Plasticity concluded that behavioural interventions like yoga can help “mitigate age-related and neurodegenerative decline” due to the positive effects a daily practice has on different parts of the 90 brain, like the hippocampus (which plays a major role in learning and memory) and the prefrontal cortex (cognitive control functions). 10 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市敬业中学2023-2024学年高二下学期考英语试题 A．mix    B．specialty      C． extraordinary       D．distinguish     E. private F. contribute    G. expose     H. shifted   I. challenges   J. respective   K. favored Many of us grow up dreaming of becoming an astronaut. Ever wonder what it takes to be one? Take NASA for example. In order to catch NASA's eye, would-be astronauts must not only stand out in required skills and pass physical and psychological exams, but also find unique ways to 90 themselves from the harsh competition. NASA's requirements for becoming an astronaut have changed over the years. Originally, it 91 candidates with a military flight background, with at least 1,000 hours spent in command of a jet aircraft. In 1978, however, NASA 92 its focus to a more varied group of astronauts:scientists and engineers with at least three years of experience in their 93 fields. During the years of shuttle missions, everyone had a 94 : some would focus on robotics,others on spacewalks or maintenance. To work on the space station, astronauts must be able to perform all tasks, which encourage applicants to acquire different experiences. Jeanette Epps, an astronaut, studied aerospace engineering, worked at Ford Motor Company and took a job with the CIA before joining NASA．She says astronauts’ varied backgrounds 95 to their ability to adapt and learn anything quickly. After ensuring that candidates are U. S. citizens and that they satisfy basic education and experience requirements, the selection committee enters a gray area.“We’re not really looking for one thing, just a good 96 of things,”said Duane Ross, the manager for astronaut candidate selection and training. To the committee, candidates who take on 97 outside of the workplace demonstrate curiosity and energy. Many astronauts who don't have a military background do hold a(n) 98 piloting license. Some are enthusiastic mountain climbers, scuba divers or skiers. Others are musicians, dancers, or play competitive sports. Choosing to 99 themselves to different, extreme environments counts as another way to stand out from the crowd. 2 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年高二下学期期末考点大串讲（上海） 专题02 词汇填空题精选10篇 01 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试卷 A．day-trippers        B．enthusiasts          C． exploring         D．first-tier        E. guided F. inclusive      G. interacting    H. potential   I. rhyme       J. tailored    K. trending Gather together a couple of good friends and take a leisurely walk through the streets—this is what many youngsters in China enjoy doing when they visit a new city. Citywalk can be a(n) 1 trip tailor-made for a small group of people organized by a travel agency, or simply a leisurely walk for once or two to explore new areas, sticking to the key point: avoiding famous scenic spots and big crowds to gain a more 2 experience of the places you visit. That is to say, you are given the freedom to explore endless possibilities. Hashtags (话题标签) and keywords for Citywalk are currently 3 across multiple Chinese social media platforms, as more and more people look to share their experiences and thoughts online. In China, the Citywalk trend is spreading from 4 cities like Beijing and Shanghai to second and third-tier cities, encouraging more participants and event organizers to get involved. Some organizers invite folk culture 5 to act as tour guides. Xiao Yiyi is a young entrepreneur (创业者) based in Changsha 6 new possibilities in the tourism sector. Recently she launched six Citywalk routes in different cities on her social media account, with the aim of providing experiences for visitors to walk in “open-air museums”, an approach for young people to 7 with a city. Xiao Yiyi said her events usually last around half a day. Beijing and Shandong have included Citywalk in their plans to promote cultural tourism and leisure tours. Shanghai has established Citywalk routes using public bus routes to help 8 reach more remote districts by public transport and continue on foot. Even though Citywalk is a relatively new phenomenon, industry insiders say that its 9 is huge. Many tour guides also try to expand their influence online, sharing their experiences to attract potential customers. Citywalk is offerıng a positive change to urban travelers as they can better choose the experiences that correspond with their interests and needs. At the same time, Citywalk represents an opportunity for tour guides to offer a more 10 , professional service to meet with ever-changing market demands. 【答案】 1．E 2．F 3．K 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．G 8．A 9．H 10．J 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了年轻人探索城市的旅游新趋势——城市漫步。 2．考查形容词。句意：Citywalk可以是由旅行社组织的为一小群人量身定制的有导游的旅行，也可以是一到两个人的悠闲散步，探索新地区，坚持要点：避开著名景点和拥挤的人群，以获得更全面的体验。Citywalk可以是由旅行社为少数人定制的旅行，这种旅行通常是有导游的，所以应该选择guided这个词，表示“有导游的”，作前置定语，修饰名词trip。故选E。 3．考查形容词。句意：Citywalk可以是由旅行社组织的为一小群人量身定制的有导游的旅行，也可以是一到两个人的悠闲散步，探索新地区，坚持要点：避开著名景点和拥挤的人群，以获得更全面的体验。结合上文提到的避免著名景点和人群，目的是为了获得更范围广泛的游览体验。用形容词inclusive“包容广阔的，范围广泛的”，作前置定语，修饰名词experience。故选F。 4．考查动词时态。句意：随着越来越多的人希望在网上分享他们的经历和想法，Citywalk的标签和关键词目前在多个中国社交媒体平台上流行起来。这里描述的是城市漫步在社交媒体上的流行趋势，因此用动词trend“倾向，趋势”的ing形式，与空前的are构成现在进行时。故选K。 5．考查形容词。句意：在中国，城市漫步的趋势正从北京和上海等一线城市蔓延到二三线城市，鼓励更多参与者和活动组织者参与进来。这里指的是像北京、上海这样的大城市，因此用first-tier“一线的，顶尖的”，作前置定语，修饰名词cities。故选D。 6．考查名词。句意：一些组织者邀请民俗文化爱好者充当导游。这里需要一个名词来指代对民俗文化有热情的人，因此用enthusiast“爱好者”的复数形式enthusiasts，作invite的宾语。故选B。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：肖伊伊是长沙的一位年轻企业家，正在旅游业中探索新的可能性。根据后文的new possibilities可知，这里描述的是肖伊伊正在做的动作，即探索新机会，且is为本句系动词，本空用非谓语动词，因此用explore“探索”的现在分词，作状语。故选C。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：最近，她在自己的社交媒体账户上推出了六条不同城市的Citywalk路线，旨在为游客提供在“露天博物馆”中行走的体验，这是年轻人与城市互动的一种方式。an approach to doing sth.“做某事的方法”，to为介词。这里指的是年轻人通过这种方式与城市互动，且空前的to为介词，用interact“互动”的动名词interacting。故选G。 9．考查名词。句意：上海已经利用公交线路设立了城市漫步路线，帮助一日游游客通过公共交通工具到达更偏远的地区，然后继续步行。这里需要一个名词指代参与城市漫步活动的人，因此用day-tripper“一日游游客”的复数形式，作help的宾语。故选A。 10．考查名词。句意：尽管城市漫步是一个相对较新的现象，但业内内部人士表示，其潜力巨大。这里讨论的是城市漫步未来的发展空间，其潜力巨大，因此用名词potential“潜力”，作that引导的宾语从句的主语。故选H。 11．考查形容词。句意：与此同时，Citywalk也为导游提供了一个机会，让他们能够提供更专门的、更专业的服务，以满足不断变化的市场需求。结合上下文，这里描述的是导游服务的特点，与“专业服务”并列，并符合上下文对个性化体验的强调，用形容词tailored“专门的，订做的”，作前置定语，修饰名词service。故选J。 02 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试卷 A．exported        B．dumping        C． equity       D．driven   E. bumping     F. share    G. unfounded     H. simply   I. projected     J. obsessed     K. supposedly Taking a Wrong Turn The word “overcapacity” has recently gained attention after US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen claimed that China has caused “overcapacity” in the new energy sector, including electric vehicles(EVs) and lithium batteries (锂电池). 1 put, “overcapacity”, in Yellen’s words, refers to producing too many goods, which could lead to global price distortions and affect businesses and workers in other countries. However, this viewpoint is 2 and lacks evidence. Contrary to concerns about “overcapacity”, global production in the new energy sector is actually at “undercapacity” — production is insufficient to meet demand. Data from the International Energy Agency showed that global demand for new energy vehicles(NEVs)is 3 to reach 45 million units by 2030, 4.5 times the 2022 levels. The idea that China has 4 new energy products at low prices is also incorrect. Chinese NEVs are sold at higher prices overseas than in China, and despite this, their sales continue to grow rapidly. Even the US magazine The Atlantic admitted, “Chinese electric vehicles are cheap, stylish, and high quality… Instead, the White House is going out of its way to keep Chinese EVs out of the US.” These observations indicate that the pricing and sales of new energy products are 5   by international market supply and demand, rather than being only affected by the so-called “overcapacity” caused by China. Moreover, China’s over 60 percent 6 of the global power battery market comes from its focus on technological innovation and high-quality production, not low-cost 7 . “The purpose of technological innovation has never been to widen global differences,” Zeng Yuqun, founder and CEO of CATL, a leading company in new energy innovative technologies, told 21st Century Business Herald. “For China’s power batteries, technological innovation has 8 progress; green development has sustained growth, and technological 9 is the goal,” Zeng added. While China focuses on innovation and quality, the US is 10 with a “100-percent Made in America” goal. The Biden administration plans to subsidize (补贴) US businesses and promote the use of domestic materials to achieve this goal. 【答案】 1．H 12．G 13．K 14．A 15．D 16．F 17．B 18．I 19．E 20．J 【导语】这是一篇议论文。讲述了美国财政部长珍妮特·耶伦声称中国造成了包括电动汽车和锂电池在内的新能源领域的“产能过剩”。针对这一问题，作者从全球新能源产品市场经济、全球动力电池技术以及技术创新的目的等方面阐述了“产能过剩”这一论点的毫无根据可言。 2．考查副词。句意：简单地说，用耶伦的话来说，“产能过剩”是指生产过多的商品，这可能导致全球价格扭曲，并影响其他国家的企业和工人。分析句子可知，空格处需要副词充当状语修饰动词put，表示的意思是“简单地”，simply符合句意。故选H项。 3．考查形容词。句意：然而，这种观点是没有根据的，也缺乏证据。分析句子可知，空格处为表语，根据后文的lacks evidence，可知此处缺少的意思是“毫无根据的”，unfounded符合句意。故选G项。 4．考查副词。句意：国际能源署的数据显示，到2030年，全球对新能源汽车的需求预计将达到4500万辆，是2022年水平的4.5倍。根据后文“reach 45 million units by 2030, 4.5 times the 2022 levels”可知，这是一种预测，空格处缺少的意思是“据推测”，supposedly符合句意。故选K项。 5．考查动词。句意：认为中国以低价出口新能源产品的观点也是不正确的。根据后文“Chinese NEVs are sold at higher prices overseas than in China”可知，空格处表示的意思是“出口”，exported符合句意。故选A项。 6．考查动词。句意：这些观察结果表明，新能源产品的定价和销售是由国际市场供求驱动的，而不仅仅受到所谓的中国“产能过剩”的影响。根据常识可知，市场决定了产品的价格和销售。结合句意及后文“affected by(受……影响)”可知，空格处需要的意思是“驱动，驱使”，driven符合句意。故选D项。 7．考查名词。句意：此外，中国在全球动力电池市场超过60%的份额来自于其对技术创新和高质量生产的关注，而不是低成本倾销。根据“the global power battery market”可知，空格处为“份额”，share符合句意。故选F项。 8．考查动名词。句意同上题。分析句子可知，空格处的意思是“倾销”，dumping符合句意。故选B项。 9．考查动词。句意：“对于中国的动力电池来说，技术创新预示着进步；绿色发展持续增长，技术进步是我们的目标，”Zeng说。分析句子可知，空格处为句子谓语部分，需要的意思是“预示着，预计”， projected符合句意。故选I项。 10．考查动名词。句意同上题。根据上文“green development has sustained growth”可知，我们的目标是技术进步，bumping“颠簸行进”符合句意。故选E项。 11．考查动词。句意：当中国专注于创新和质量时，美国却痴迷于“100%美国制造”的目标。根据下文“The Biden administration plans to subsidize (补贴) US businesses and promote the use of domestic materials to achieve this goal.”可知，美国痴迷于“100%美国制造”的目标，be obsessed with“痴迷于”，obsessed符合句意。故选J项。 03 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市杨浦区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语调研卷 A．threat   B．originally   C． defense   D．reduced   E. potential   F. destructive G. unintentionally   H. enormous   I. released   J. astronomical   K. adapted Our Unwelcome Guests If you picnic in a Texas park, chances are that you'll encounter fire ants -- a troublesome pest renowned for their painful and irritating stings. This invasive (入侵的) species, like many others, is not only annoying but also expensive and   1 . From the vast landscapes of Texas to the exotic shores in China, non-native animals, plants, bacteria and viruses are damaging economies and ecosystems. An invasive species is any kind of living thing that is foreign to a particular ecosystem and causes harm. Sometimes non-native species are imported   2 , like in the 1930s when cargo ships from South America accidentally took fire ants to North America. Other times non-native species are purposely brought in. For instance, certain Asian fish species, 3 imported from China to clean fish farms in the U. S., escaped and entered local rivers. Similarly, green iguanas were brought to China as pets, but some irresponsible owners 4 them into the wild. The same thing occurred in Florida with Burmese pythons. The worldwide economic impact of introduced species is   5 . According to U. S. government estimates, invasive species cost the American economy over $120 billion annually. The economic impact of fire ants alone totals in the billions. Various U. S. agencies spend hundreds of millions fighting introduced species such as Asian carp, Africanized bees and Burmese pythons. In southern China, green iguanas are damaging irrigation systems, harming agricultural production and posing a   6 to the native reptile (爬行动物) populations. Invasive species have the   7 to destroy their new habitats by upsetting the local ecosystems. They often lack natural predators (掠食者) in their new environment and out-compete native species for food and other resources. They may even prey on local species. In Florida, for instance, pythons have   8 some regional mammal populations by 90 percent. Additionally, Invasive species can also carry diseases against which local species have no natural   9 , resulting in the extinction of an entire native species. Alarmingly, the National Wildlife Federation in the U. S. reports that, “Invasive species are among the primary dangers to native wildlife. Roughly 42 percent of endangered species are at risk due to invasive species.” Unless people take serious action, the economic and environmental costs connected to invasive species will become 10 . 【答案】 1．F 22．G 23．B 24．I 25．H 26．A 27．E 28．D 29．C 30．J 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了入侵物种对生态系统和经济的影响。 2．考查形容词。句意：这种入侵物种不仅令人讨厌，而且代价高昂，具有破坏性。根据上文“is not only annoying but also expensive and”可知，此处需要一个形容词与annoying和expensive并列，destructive“破坏性的”符合句意。故选F。 3．考查副词。句意：有时非本地物种被无意中进口，例如在20世纪30年代，来自南美的货船意外地将火蚁带到了北美。根据下文“like in the 1930s when cargo ships from South America accidentally took fire ants to North America(例如在20世纪30年代，来自南美的货船意外地将火蚁带到了北美)”可知，此处需要一个副词修饰动词imported表示“无意地”，unintentionally符合句意。故选G。 4．考查副词。句意：例如，某些亚洲鱼类最初是从中国引进到美国来清理养鱼场的，但后来逃脱并进入了当地的河流。根据下文“imported from China to clean fish farms in the U. S(从中国引进到美国来清理养鱼场)”可知，此处需要一个副词修饰动词imported表示“最初”，originally符合句意。故选B。 5．考查动词的过去分词。句意：同样地，绿鬣蜥被作为宠物带到中国，但一些不负责任的主人将它们放归野外。根据下文“into the wild(进入野外)”可知，空白处应填表示“释放”含义的表达，released“释放”符合句意。故选I。 6．考查形容词。句意：引入物种对世界经济的影响是巨大的。根据下文“According to U. S. government estimates, invasive species cost the American economy over $120 billion annually.(根据美国政府的估计，入侵物种每年给美国经济造成超过1200亿美元的损失)”可知，入侵物种每年给美国经济造成超过1200亿美元的损失，空白处应填表示“巨大的”含义的表达。故选H。 7．考查名词。句意：在中国南方，绿鬣蜥正在破坏灌溉系统，损害农业生产，并对当地爬行动物种群构成威胁。根据上文“In southern China, green iguanas are damaging irrigation systems, harming agricultural production(在中国南方，绿鬣蜥正在破坏灌溉系统，损害农业生产)”可知，此处表示的是绿鬣蜥对农业生产造成的破坏，可推理出下文说的是绿鬣蜥对当地爬行动物种群构成威胁，pose a threat to为固定短语，含义为“对……构成威胁”，符合句意。故选A。 8．考查形容词。句意：入侵物种有可能通过扰乱当地生态系统来摧毁它们的新栖息地。根据下文“to destroy their new habitats(摧毁它们的新栖息地)”可知，入侵物种有扰乱当地生态系统来摧毁它们的新栖息地的可能性，空白处应填表示“潜在的可能性”含义的表达。故选E。 9．考查动词的过去分词。句意：例如，在佛罗里达州，缅甸蟒蛇已经使一些地区的哺乳动物数量减少了90%。根据下文“some regional mammal populations by 90 percent(使一些地区的哺乳动物数量……了90%)”可知，一些地区的哺乳动物数量……了90%，可推理出空白处应填表示“减少”含义的表达。故选D。 10．考查名词。句意：此外，入侵物种还可能携带当地物种没有天然防御能力的疾病，导致整个本土物种灭绝。根据下文“resulting in the extinction of an entire native species(导致整个本土物种灭绝)”可知，入侵物种还可能携带疾病，如果当地物种没有抵御能力的话，可能会导致整个本土物种灭绝。可推理出空白处应填表示“防御”含义的表达，defense符合句意。故选C。 11．考查形容词。句意：除非人们采取严肃行动，否则与入侵物种相关的经济和环境成本将变得天文数字般巨大。根据上文“Unless people take serious action, the economic and environmental costs connected to invasive species will become(除非人们采取严肃行动，否则与入侵物种相关的经济和环境成本将……)”可推理出，空白处应填表示“天文数字般的”含义的表达，astronomical符合句意。故选J。 04 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市闵行区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题 A．focused     B．labels     C． contributes     D．accident    E. duly    F. present G. rarely    H. tricks    I. available    J. equipped    K. attempt     This Is Why Most Grocery Stores Lack Windows When you’re grocery shopping, have you noticed that supermarkets often lack windows, and if they have them, they’re only at the front of the store? You may 1 pay attention to the architectural features of the building because you’re there to shop for food, not admire the layout. But that’s the point. If grocery stores had windows, would it be easier to ignore your main shopping task? There are all sorts of supermarket 2 grocery stores have to keep you shopping longer. It’s no 3 that grocery stores often lack windows and there are a few reasons behind this trend. One of them is a (n) 4 to keep people inside longer. Stores want to create a separate environment within their store where the outside world doesn’t exist. In spite of the rain or sunshine, your attention remains 5 . The technique also prevents shoppers from noticing it’s getting dark out. It really 6 to an immersive (沉浸式的) shopping experience, for better or worse. Keeping daylight out of stores can help preserve the products, as some fresh produce can go bad faster in direct sunlight. Too much sun exposure can even cause packaging 7 to fade. Having windows in stores would also reduce the space 8 to display products. Not to mention, 9 with strong structural supports, outside walls can hold the heavier items on the shelves of those walls. Due to the high cost of constructing windows and storefronts, along with the potential security risks they probably 10 , retailers (零售商) choose to minimize the number of entry points into their space in order to cut expenses and improve safety. 【答案】 1．G 32．H 33．D 34．K 35．A 36．C 37．B 38．I 39．J 40．F 【导语】本文的体裁是说明文。主要通过阐述和解释为什么大多数超市缺乏窗户的现象，探讨了超市设计背后的意图、对顾客行为的影响、以及实际操作中的考虑因素，如商品保护、空间利用、建设和安全成本等。 2．考查副词。句意：你可能很少注意建筑的特征，因为你是去购买食物，而不是欣赏布局。根据上下文理解，此处表达的是购物时人们通常不太会关注超市的建筑设计，因此用副词rarely“很少”，作状语，修饰动词短语pay attention to。故选G。 3．考查名词。句意：超市里有各种各样的小窍门可以让你购物的时间更长。这里指超市为了吸引顾客长时间购物而采取的各种策略或手段，因此选用trick“技巧，把戏”的复数形式tricks，all sorts of supermarket tricks作主语。故选H。 4．考查名词。句意：超市往往没有窗户并非偶然，这背后有几个原因。此处表达的是这是一种有意为之的设计，并非偶然情况，所以选择accident“偶然的事，意外遭遇”，作表语。故选D。 5．考查名词。句意：其中之一就是试图让人们在里面待得更久。此处需要一个名词来表达“尝试”或“努力”的意思，结合空前的an可知，用单数形式，因此选用attempt“尝试，试图，努力”，作表语。故选K。 6．考查形容词。句意：不管外面下雨或晴天，你的注意力依然集中。这里描述的是超市设计意图使顾客保持专注于购物，所以选用focused“注意力集中的”，作表语。故选A。 7．考查动词时态、主谓一致。句意：这一技术确实有助于营造一种沉浸式的购物体验，无论好坏。本句表经常性、习惯性动作，故时态用一般现在时，此处需要动词来表达“有助于”之意，且主语It为第三人称单数，因此选择contribute的第三人称单数contributes，作谓语，contribute to“有助于”为固定搭配。故选C。 8．考查名词。句意：过多的阳光照射甚至会导致包装标签褪色。这里提到的是阳光直射对商品包装的影响，特别是包装上的“标签”，且“标签”不止一个，因此选用label“标签”的复数形式labels，packaging label“包装标签”。故选B。 9．考查形容词。句意：在商店里开窗也会减少可用于展示产品的空间。这里是指在商店里开窗会导致可用于展示商品的空间会减少，选用available“可利用的”，作后置定语。故选I。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：更不用说，配备了坚固的结构支撑，外墙可以容纳那些墙壁上架子上较重的物品。这里用来描述外墙配备以强大支撑结构的特点，equip“配备，装备”，本句谓语为can hold，此处为非谓语动词，与outside walls为被动关系，用过去分词，作状语，因此选用equipped。故选J。 11．考查动词时态、主谓一致。句意：由于建造橱窗和店面的高成本，以及它们可能存在的潜在安全风险，零售商选择尽量减少进入其空间的入口数量，以削减开支并提高安全性。本句表经常性、习惯性动作，故时态用一般现在时，“they probably ____”为定语从句，修饰先行词the potential security risks，空格部分为从句的谓语，表达“呈现、造成、存在”，主语为they，谓语用动词原形，选用present。故选F。 05 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市进才中学2023-2024学年高二下学期英语试题 A．applauding B．boost C． commodity D．cover E. estimate F. harmonious G. prizing H. standardized I. surfaced J. time-honored K. tune Luxury brands used to speak in monologues. However, nowadays, influencers are becoming the ambassadors of those luxurious brands. In the age of social media, the buyers are having a voice in products, in particular, the influencers. These individuals have won large followings by 1 and attacking occasionally a variety of products. Their fame stems from the clever use of Instagram, Snapchat or TikTok. Their posts seem trivial. Their business isn’t. For consumers, influencers are at once a walking advert and a trusted friend. For the brands, they are a(n) 2 . And for regulators, they are the subject of ever closer review. On March 29th, news reports 3 that China’s authorities were planning new restrictions concerning livestreaming platforms. The limitations 4 how much money internet users can spend tipping their favorite influencers, how much those influencers can earn from fans and what they are allowed to post. There hardly exists any 5 of the size of the influencer industry. One in 2020 from the National Bureau of Statistics in China, where influencers gained prominence earlier than in the West, assessed its contribution to the economy at $210bn, equivalent to 1.4% of GDP. As with many things digital, the pandemic seems to have given it a(n) 6 as more people were glued to their smartphones more of the time. The influencer ecosystem is challenging the 7 principle of luxury-brand management. Apart from being one-directional, campaigns have tended to be 8 , unchanging and expensive. The same smile from the same photograph of the same Hollywood star would induce passers-by to purchase an item for many years. Such star-led campaigns can be unappealing to teenagers and 20-somethings 9 authenticity over timeless glamour. And influencers, with their girl-or boy-next-door charm, offer this for a small portion of the fee of a big-name star. The best ones are able to repackage a brand’s message in a way that is 10 with their voice, their followers’ tastes and their platform of choice. So to be a top-ten brand, you have to know how to play the digital game. If you don’t, you are not going to be top ten for very long. 【答案】 1．A 42．C 43．I 44．D 45．E 46．B 47．J 48．H 49．G 50．F 【导语】这是一篇议论文，讨论了在当前的社交媒体环境中，网红作为新兴的营销力量，正重塑着品牌与消费者之间的关系，同时也面临着监管的挑战。 2．考查动词。句意：在社交媒体时代，买家对产品有了发言权，尤其是那些网红。这些人通过偶尔赞扬和批评各种产品赢得了大量追随者。分析句子可知，空格处为介词by的宾语，applauding“赞扬”为动词-ing形式，与attacking并列作介词by的宾语，表示有影响力者通过正面评价和批评产品来吸引关注，符合句意。故选A项。 3．考查名词。句意：对于品牌而言，他们是一种商品。commodity意为“商品”，这里指的是网红被视为品牌营销中可交易的商品，即品牌通过与他们合作来提升产品销量，符合句意。故选C项。 4．考查动词。句意：3月29日，新闻报道披露，中国当局正计划对直播平台实施新的限制。surfaced意为“浮现，出现”，这里指的是新闻报道开始公开，作主句谓语，后接that引导的宾语从句，符合句意。故选I项。 5．考查动词。句意：这些限制涵盖了互联网用户可以花费多少资金给他们的最爱的网红打赏，网红可以从粉丝那里赚取多少钱，以及他们被允许发布什么内容。cover意为“覆盖，包括”，后文讲的是限制的范围和内容，符合句意。故选D项。 6．考查名词。句意：几乎没有任何关于网红行业规模的估计。estimate意为“估计”，这里指的是有对影响力者行业的经济价值的评估，符合句意。故选E项。 7．考查名词。句意：就像许多数字化事物一样，疫情似乎为这个行业带来了增长，因为更多人花更多时间盯着智能手机。boost意为“增长，推动”，这里指的是疫情促使人们更多使用社交媒体，从而推动了网红行业的发展，符合句意。故选B项。 8．考查形容词。句意：网红生态系统正在挑战历史悠久的奢侈品品牌管理原则。time-honored为形容词，意为“历史悠久的”，作名词“principle”的定语，这里指的是长久以来被奢侈品行业遵循的品牌管理规则，符合句意。故选J项。 9．考查形容词。句意：除了单向性，营销活动往往标准化、不变且昂贵。standardized意为“标准化的”，这里指的是营销活动的统一性和规范性，和“unchanging”以及“expensive”一起作表语，符合句意。故选H项。 10．考查动词-ing形式作定语。句意：这样的明星主导的活动可能对追求真实而非永恒魅力的青少年和20多岁的人没有吸引力。prizing意为“重视”，是动词ing形式作定语修饰“teenagers and 20-somethings”，表示这个年龄段的人更看重真实性，而不是明星光环，符合句意。故选G项。 11．考查形容词。句意：最好的网红能够以一种与他们的声音、追随者的品味及其选择的平台相和谐的方式重新包装品牌的信息。harmonious意为“和谐的”，构成短语be harmonious with, 含义为“和……和谐”，这里指的是网红传递信息的方式与他们的个人风格、受众喜好和所使用的平台相匹配，符合句意。故选F项。 06 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市敬业中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题 A．avoid       B．diligent      C． flexible     D．guidance      E. imagination F. independent G. initiative  H. prospects     I. pursue       J. ruin          K. unrealistic Why don’t you get a proper job? Today’s 14-and 15-year-olds are ambitious. They are optimistic about their 1 , but their career ideas are rather vague. A job for life is not in their vocabulary; neither is a dead-end but secure job that is boring but pays the bills. Almost half the boys surveyed expected that their hobbies would lead them into the right sort of job, while most girls seemed determined to 2 traditionally female careers such as nursing. In the past, this might have counted as bad news. But the world has changed. The global economy is not kind to yesterday’s 3 and dependable worker. The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious and can take the 4 . This means that a 14-year-old who sees her working future as a kind of adventure, to be made up as she goes along, is not necessarily being 5 . However, she has to have the training and 6 to help her develop the right skills for today’s market; not the rigid (死板的) preparation for a workplace that disappeared 20 years ago. So what is to be done? Agood first step would be to change the way in which schools prepare young people for adult life. The education system is becoming less 7 and more obsessed (无法摆脱) with traditional skills at just the time that the employment market is going in the opposite direction. Accurate, up-to-date information on new jobs and qualifications can help guidance counsellors to help their students. Young people need solid information on the sort of training they need to 8 the career of their dreams. Also, a little bit of encouragement can go a long way. What, then, can we as parents do to help them? The best thing is to forget all the advice that our parents gave us, and step into our teenager’s shoes. Once we’ve done that, it’s easier to see how important it is that they learn how to be 9 and resourceful. Give them the courage to follow their dreams—however odd they might sound right now. In a world that offers economic security to almost no one, 10 is a terrible thing to waste. 【答案】 1．H 52．A 53．B 54．G 55．K 56．D 57．C 58．I 59．F 60．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何帮助青少年在当今快速变化的就业市场中找到自己的定位，发展适合市场的技能，并鼓励他们勇敢地追求自己的梦想。 2．考查名词。句意：他们对自己的前景很乐观，但他们的职业理想却相当模糊。由上文“Today’s 14-and 15-year-olds are ambitious”可知，句子表示“他们对自己的前景很乐观”，空格处意为“前景”，是prospect，要用复数，故选H。 3．考查不定式。句意：近一半的受访男孩希望他们的爱好能让他们找到合适的工作，而大多数女孩似乎决心避免从事护士等传统的女性职业。由上文“Almost half the boys surveyed expected that their hobbies would lead them into the right sort of job, while most girls seemed determined to”可知，句子表示“近一半的受访男孩希望他们的爱好能让他们找到合适的工作，而大多数女孩似乎决心避免从事护士等传统的女性职业”，空格处意为“避免”，是avoid，be determined to do是固定短语，意为“下定决心做某事”，因此空格处用动词原形，故选A。 4．考查形容词。句意：全球经济对昔日勤奋可靠的工人并不友好。由下文“The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious”可知，句子表示“全球经济对昔日勤奋可靠的工人并不友好”，空格处意为“勤奋的”，是diligent，故选B。 5．考查名词。句意：未来属于思维敏捷、足智多谋、雄心勃勃、能采取主动的人。由上文“resourceful, ambitious”可知，句子表示“未来属于思维敏捷，能采取主动的人”，空格处意为“主动性，积极性”，用名词作宾语，是initiative，take the initiative是固定短语，意为“采取主动”，故选G。 6．考查形容词。句意：这意味着，一个14岁的女孩把自己的工作未来视为一种冒险，可以随着她的发展而改变，这并不一定是不现实的。由上文“The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious and can take the __4__”可知，句子表示“一个14岁的女孩把自己的工作未来视为一种冒险，可以随着她的发展而改变，这并不一定是不现实的”，空格处意为“不现实的”，是unrealistic，故选K。 7．考查名词。句意：然而，她必须接受培训和指导，以帮助她发展适合当今市场的技能;而不是20年前消失的那种死板的职场准备。由上文“she has to have the training and”和下文“to help her develop the right skills for today’s market”可知，句子表示“她必须接受培训和指导”，空格处意为“指导”，是guidance，是不可数名词，故选D。 8．考查形容词。句意：教育体系正变得越来越不灵活，越来越注重传统技能，而与此同时，就业市场正朝着相反的方向发展。由下文“more obsessed (无法摆脱) with traditional skills”可知，句子表示“教育体系正变得越来越不灵活”，空格处意为“灵活的”，是flexible，故选C。 9．考查不定式。句意：年轻人需要关于他们追求梦想的职业所需的培训的可靠信息。由下文“the career of their dreams”可知，句子表示“年轻人需要关于他们追求梦想的职业所需的培训的可靠信息”，空格处意为“追求”，是pursue，空格处用不定式表目的，故选I。 10．考查形容词。句意：一旦我们做到了这一点，就更容易看出他们学会如何独立和足智多谋是多么重要。由上文“The best thing is to forget all the advice that our parents gave us, and step into our teenager’s shoes”可知，句子表示“他们学会如何独立”，空格处意为“独立的”，是independent，故选F。 11．考查名词。句意：在一个几乎不向任何人提供经济保障的世界里，浪费想象力是一件可怕的事情。由上文“Give them the courage to follow their dreams—however odd they might sound right now”可知，句子表示“浪费想象力是一件可怕的事情”，空格处意为“想象力”，是imagination，是不可数名词，故选E。 07 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市宝山区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末教学质量监测英语试卷 A．apply    B．broadly    C．complicated    D．downside    E．hardly    F．neighbors G．overburdened    H．pills    I．re-labeling    J．turning    K．worse Britain appears to be in a mental-health crisis. In the past decade no European country has seen a greater increase in the use of antidepressants(抗抑郁药); now only the Portuguese and Icelanders are popping more of the 1 . Around 4.5m Britons were in contact with mental-health services in 2021-22, a rise of almost l m in five years. There are a few reasons why Britons might be unhappier than their 2 . One global poll found that teenagers in Britain were some of the loneliest in the world, with few supportive relationships and a low sense of purpose and meaning: all risk factors for poor mental health. Britain’s poorest households are also 3 off than their equivalents in France and Germany, for example, which makes them more vulnerable to conditions such as anxiety and depression. And Britain’s health system can seem more 4 than those in most other rich countries. In England alone, some 3.8 m are waiting for mental-health treatment. Those factors might explain why more people are 5 to medication. Another reason is increased awareness. Campaigns around depression and anxiety have been particularly successful in Britain. That is 6 a good thing. A reduction in humiliation (蒙羞) has encouraged more people to seek help. Taking antidepressants – or using mental-health services — has become much more acceptable. But there is a 7 to this, as The Economist recently reported. Surveys suggest that Britons are increasingly 8 common human emotions, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses. “You’re going to lose any sense of what mental illness is if you start to 9 it to 30%, 50% of the population,” says Adrian Massey, author of a book called “Sick-Note Britain”. For all the focus on anxiety and depression in campaigns, severe mental illnesses still receive too little attention. This is a problem: according to the GBD, Britain has the highest rates of severe mental illness in Europe. The causes of such conditions are unclear, but seem to involve a 10 interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Illegal drug misuse, for which Britain has among the highest rates in the region, also plays a role. 【答案】 1．H 62．F 63．K 64．G 65．J 66．B 67．D 68．I 69．A 70．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了英国人正处于心理健康危机之中，分析了导致这一现象背后的原因。 2．考查名词。句意：在过去的十年里，没有哪个欧洲国家的抗抑郁药使用增长如此之快；现在只有葡萄牙人和冰岛人服用更多的药物。根据“In the past decade no European country has seen a greater increase in the use of antidepressants; now only the Portuguese and Icelanders are popping more of the”以及句意“药物”可知应填复数名词pills，作宾语。故选H。 3．考查名词。句意：英国人可能比他们的邻居更不快乐，原因有以下几点。根据“One global poll found that teenagers in Britain were some of the loneliest in the world, with few supportive relationships and a low sense of purpose and meaning: all risk factors for poor mental health.(一项全球民意调查发现，英国青少年是世界上最孤独的人群之一，他们几乎没有支持性的人际关系，目标感和意义感也很低：这些都是导致心理健康状况不佳的风险因素)”以及句意“邻居”可知应填复数名词neighbors，故选F。 4．考查比较级。句意：例如，英国最贫穷的家庭也比法国和德国的同等家庭更贫穷，这使得他们更容易受到焦虑和抑郁等状况的影响。根据“off than their equivalents in France and Germany, for example, which makes them more vulnerable to conditions such as anxiety and depression”以及句意“更加贫穷”可知短语为worse off，故选K。 5．考查形容词。句意：而且英国的医疗系统似乎比大多数其他富裕国家的医疗系统负担过重。根据“In England alone, some 3.8 m are waiting for mental-health treatment.(仅在英格兰，就有380万人在等待心理健康治疗)”以及句意“负担过重”可知应填形容词overburdened，作表语。故选G。 6．考查动词。句意：这些因素或许可以解释为什么越来越多的人开始求助于药物治疗。根据“to medication”以及句意“求助于”可知短语为turn to，根据上文are可知为现在进行时。故选J。 7．考查副词。句意：总的来说，这是一件好事。根据“A reduction in humiliation has encouraged more people to seek help. Taking antidepressants — or using mental-health services — has become much more acceptable.(羞辱的减少鼓励了更多的人寻求帮助。服用抗抑郁药——或者使用心理健康服务——已经变得更容易被接受了)”以及句意“总的来说”可知应填副词broadly，故选B。 8．考查名词。句意：但正如《经济学人》最近报道的那样，这种做法也有不利之处。根据“Surveys suggest that Britons are increasingly re-labeling common human emotions, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses.(调查显示，英国人越来越多地将压力和悲伤等人类常见情绪重新定义为精神疾病)”以及句意“不利之处”可知应填名词downside，作主语，不定冠词提示用单数。故选D。 9．考查动词。句意：调查显示，英国人越来越多地将压力和悲伤等人类常见情绪重新定义为精神疾病。根据“common human emotions, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses”以及句意“重新定义为”可知应填动词re-label，根据上文are可知为现在进行时。故选I。 10．考查动词。句意：“如果你开始把它应用到30%到50%的人身上，你就会对什么是精神疾病失去任何概念，”阿德里安·梅西说，他是一本名为《病态笔记英国》的书的作者。根据“it to 30%, 50% of the population”以及句意“应用”可知应填apply，此处为不定式作宾语。故选A。 11．考查形容词。句意：造成这种情况的原因尚不清楚，但似乎涉及遗传和环境因素的复杂相互作用。根据“interplay of genetic and environmental factors”以及句意“复杂”可知应填形容词complicated，作定语修饰名词interplay。故选C。 08 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市川沙中学2023-2024学年高二下学期英语试题 A．means    B．previously    C． mark    D．interpreted    E. stretches F. sound    G. resulting    H. absorb    I. presence    J. initially    K. mastered How and why, roughly 2 million years ago, early human ancestors evolved large brains and began fashioning relatively advanced stone tools, is one of the great mysteries of evolution. Some researchers argue these changes were brought about by the invention of cooking. They point out that our bite weakened around the same time as our larger brains evolved, and that it takes less energy to 1 nutrients from cooked food. As a result, once they had learned the art, early chefs could invest less in their digestive systems and thus invest the 2 energy savings in building larger brains capable of complex thought. There is, however, a problem with the cooking theory. Most archaeologists believe the evidence of controlled fire 3 back no more than 790,000 years. Roger Summons of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has a solution. Together with his team, he analyzed 1.7 million-year-old sandstones that formed in an ancient river at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. The region is famous for the large number of human fossils (化石) that have been discovered there, alongside an impressive ‘assembly of stone tools. The sandstones themselves have 4 yielded some of the world’s earliest complex hand axes —large tear-drop-shaped stone tools that are associated with Homo erectus (直立人). Creating an ax e by repeatedly knocking thin pieces off a raw stone in order to create two sharp cutting edges requires a significant amount of planning. Their appearance is therefore thought to 5 an important moment in intellectual evolution. During the process, the researchers found distinctive but unusual biological molecules (分子) that are often 6 as biomarkers of heat-tolerant bacteria. Some of these live in water between 85℃ and 95℃. The molecules’ 7 suggests that an ancient river within the Gorge was once fed by one or more hot springs. Dr. Summons and his colleagues say the hot springs would have provided a convenient “pre-fire” 8 of cooking food. In New Zealand, the Maori have traditionally cooked food in hot springs, either by lowering it into the boiling water or fey digging a hole in the hot earth. Similar methods exist in Japan and Iceland, so it makes 9 sense, if difficult to prove, that early humans might have used hot springs to cook meat and roots. Richard Wrangham, who devised the cooking theory, is fascinated by the idea. Nonetheless, fire would have offered a distinct advantage to humans, once they had 10 the art of controlling it since, unlike a hot spring, it is a transportable resource. 【答案】 1．H 72．G 73．E 74．B 75．C 76．D 77．I 78．A 79．F 80．K 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲的是研究说明烹饪的发明使早期人类祖先进化出了更大的大脑，并开始制造相对先进的石器。 2．考查动词和不定式。句意：他们指出，在我们更大的大脑进化的同时，我们的咬合力也在减弱，而且从熟食中吸收营养所需的能量更少。由空后“nutrients from cooked food”可知，此处表示从熟食中吸收营养，空格处意为“吸收”，是absorb，it takes sth. to do sth.是固定句型，意为“做某事要消耗……”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式，因此空格处用动词原形，故选H。 3．考查形容词。句意：因此，一旦他们学会了这门艺术，早期的厨师就可以减少对消化系统的投入，从而将节省下来的能量投入到更大的大脑中，从而能够进行复杂的思考。根据上文“early chefs could invest less in their digestive systems”可知，早期的厨师可以减少对消化系统的投入，从而将节省下来的能量投入到更大的大脑中，空格处意为“作为结果的”，用形容词作定语，修饰名词短语energy savings，是resulting。故选G。 4．考查动词，时态和主谓一致。句意：大多数考古学家认为，有控制的火的证据可以追溯到不超过79万年前。由“back no more than 790,000 years”可知，此处表示“有控制的火的证据可以追溯到不超过79万年前”，“追溯到”是固定短语stretch back，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语evidence是单数，因此空格处动词用第三人称单数，故选E。 5．考查副词。句意：砂岩本身此前曾产生过一些世界上最早的复杂手斧——与直立人有关的大型泪滴状石器。由后文“yielded some of the world’s earliest complex hand axes”可知，句子表示“砂岩本身此前曾产生过一些世界上最早的复杂手斧”，空格处意为“以前”，是副词previously，故选B。 6．考查动词和不定式。句意：因此，它们的出现被认为标志着智力进化的一个重要时刻。由后文“an important moment in intellectual evolution”可知，它们的出现被认为标志着智力进化的一个重要时刻，空格处意为“标志”，是mark，sb. be thought to do sth意为“某人被认为做某事”，因此空格处用原形，故选C。 7．考查动词和被动语态。句意：在这个过程中，研究人员发现了独特但不寻常的生物分子，这些分子通常被解释为耐热细菌的生物标志物。根据“distinctive but unusual biological molecules (分子) that are often”和后文“as biomarkers of heat-tolerant bacteria”可知，句子表示“研究人员发现了独特但不寻常的生物分子，这些分子通常被解释为耐热细菌的生物标志物”，空格处意为“解释”，是interpret，这些分子被解释为耐热细菌的生物标志物，句子用被动语态，空前有are，空格处用过去分词，故选D。 8．考查名词。句意：这些分子的存在表明峡谷内的一条古老河流曾经由一个或多个温泉滋养。由前面的“found distinctive but unusual biological molecules”可知，此处表示“这些分子的存在表明峡谷内的一条古老河流曾经由一个或多个温泉滋养”，空格处意为“存在”，用名词作主语，是presence，是不可数名词，故选I。 9．考查名词。句意：Summons博士和他的同事们说，温泉可能提供了一种方便的“预火”烹饪食物的方式。由下文“In New Zealand, the Maori have traditionally cooked food in hot springs, either by lowering it into the boiling water or fey digging a hole in the hot earth”可知，句子表示“温泉可能提供了一种方便的“预火”烹饪食物的方式”，空格处意为“方式，手段”，是 means，是单复数同形的词，故选A。 10．考查形容词。句意：类似的方法在日本和冰岛也存在，所以早期人类可能利用温泉来煮肉和树根，这完全是有道理的，尽管很难证明。根据上文“In New Zealand, the Maori have traditionally cooked food in hot springs, either by lowering it into the boiling water or fey digging a hole in the hot earth. Similar methods exist in Japan and Iceland”可知，此处表示“所以早期人类可能利用温泉来煮肉和树根，这完全是有道理的”，空格处意为“合理的”，用形容词作定语，修饰名词sense，“合理的”的形容词是sound。故选F。 11．考查动词和时态。句意：尽管如此，一旦人类掌握了控制火的艺术，火将为人类提供一个明显的优势，因为火与温泉不同，它是一种可运输的资源。由“the art of controlling it”可知，句子表示“一旦人类掌握了控制火的艺术，火将为人类提供一个明显的优势”，空格处意为“掌握”，是master，由had可知，时态是过去完成时，空格处用过去分词，故选K。 09 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市华东师范大学附属周浦中学2023-2024学年高二下学期英语试题 A．wonder  B．regular  C． doubt D．physically E. breathing F. wealth G. functioning  H. flexibility I. flow J. generally K. mood Sometimes it’s the simplest daily practice that can have the biggest impact on your health, and yoga is proof of that. Although most forms of yoga aren’t considered to be as intense as other workout regimens, practising yoga on a daily basis has been scientifically demonstrated to help you mentally and 1 . Through breath work, meditation and holding poses that increase strength and 2 the body and mind gain benefits from yoga that positively impact your long-term health. It’s no 3 people have been practising yoga for over 5000 years, and that the number of Australians practising yoga doubled between 2008 and 2017 to over two million, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Yoga teacher, Jenni Tarmar, shares, “we have a 4 of research demonstrating that a regular mindfulness practice - the act of paying attention to the sensation in the body, thoughts and emotions without judgment - can reduce stress and help us to feel calmer, more productive, and 5 more even-keeled in our daily lives.” After evaluating yoga history and research, one 2014 review published in Frontiers in Human Neouroscience concluded that 6 yoga practice can help facilitate self-regulation. Another study of adolescents between the ages of 13 and 18 found that practising yoga positively benefited emotional regulation and self-esteem. “Movement releases beneficial neurotransmitters (神经转发器) in the brain, which helps us feel good as well as assist in 7 regulation,” says yoga instructor, Evan Lawrence. “One of the things that I like about yoga specifically is that there is, at the same time, a focus on physical movement and 8 .” According to associate professor of psychiatry, Dr Gail Saltz, “practising yoga improves overall blood 9 to the body, including the brain, which is helpful for cognition and memory.” One 2019 review published in Brain Plasticity concluded that behavioural interventions like yoga can help “mitigate age-related and neurodegenerative decline” due to the positive effects a daily practice has on different parts of the 90 brain, like the hippocampus (which plays a major role in learning and memory) and the prefrontal cortex (cognitive control functions). 【答案】 1．D 82．H 83．A 84．F 85．J 86．B 87．K 88．E 89．I 90．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过引用科学研究、专家观点和统计数据来说明瑜伽对身心健康的积极影响，解释瑜伽如何帮助人们进行自我调节、改善情绪和认知功能，并强调了瑜伽作为一种日常实践的重要性。 2．考查副词。句意：虽然大多数形式的瑜伽不像其他锻炼方案那样剧烈，但科学证明，每天练习瑜伽对你的身心都有帮助。根据前文的“mentally and”可知，空处应和前文的mentally并列，应是D项physically“身体上”符合语境，构成固定搭配：mentally and physically意为“精神上和身体上”。故选D项。 3．考查名词。句意：通过呼吸练习，冥想和保持姿势，增加身体和心灵的力量和灵活性，从瑜伽中获益，对你的长期健康有积极的影响。空处和前文的strength并列，所以空处应填名词，此处应是flexibility意为“灵活性”符合语境。故选H项。 4．考查名词。句意：难怪人们练习瑜伽已经超过5000年了，根据澳大利亚统计局的数据，澳大利亚练习瑜伽的人数在2008年至2017年间翻了一番，超过200万人。根据前文“the body and mind gain benefits from yoga that positively impact your long-term health.”可知，空处应是wonder意为“惊奇”，构成固定搭配：it is no wonder意为“难怪”符合语境。故选A项。 5．考查名词。句意：瑜伽老师Jenni Tarmar分享说：“我们有大量的研究表明，定期的正念练习——不加评判地关注身体的感觉、思想和情绪——可以减轻压力，帮助我们在日常生活中感到更平静、更有效率、更平稳。”空前是不定冠词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据句意，此处应是wealth意为“大量”，构成固定搭配：a wealth of意为“大量的”符合语境。故选F项。 6．考查副词。句意：瑜伽老师珍妮·塔尔玛 (Jenni Tarmar) 分享道：“我们有大量的研究表明，经常进行正念练习——即不加评判地关注身体的感觉、思想和情感——可以减轻压力，帮助我们在日常生活中感觉更加平静、更有效率，而且通常更加稳定。”空处修饰空后的形容词，应该用副词修饰，根据句意，应是generally意为“通常”符合语境。故选J项。 7．考查形容词。句意：在评估了瑜伽的历史和研究之后，2014年发表在《人类神经科学前沿》(Frontiers in Human neuroscience)上的一篇综述得出结论，定期练习瑜伽有助于促进自我调节。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据句意，应是regular意为“定期的”符合语境。故选B项。 8．考查名词。句意：瑜伽教练埃文·劳伦斯说：“运动在大脑中释放有益的神经递质，这有助于我们感觉良好，并有助于调节情绪。”空前是介词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据句意，应是mood，和regulation构成固定搭配：mood regulation意为“情绪调节”符合语境。故选K项。 9．考查名词。句意：我特别喜欢瑜伽的一个原因是，它同时注重身体运动和呼吸。根据空前的and可知，空处和前文的movement并列，所以空处应填名词作宾语，此处应是breathing，表达“同时注重身体运动和呼吸”之意。故选E项。 10．考查名词。句意：精神病学副教授盖尔·萨尔茨博士表示，“练习瑜伽可以改善身体的整体血液流动，包括大脑，这对认知和记忆有帮助。”空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据句意，此处应是flow，构成固定词组搭配：blood flow意为“血流”。故选I项。 11．考查名词。句意：2019年发表在《大脑可塑性》杂志上的一篇综述得出结论，瑜伽等行为干预措施可以帮助“缓解与年龄相关的神经退行性衰退”，因为每天的练习对大脑功能的不同部位有积极影响，比如海马体(在学习和记忆中起主要作用)和前额皮质(认知控制功能)。此处修饰名词brain，应用名词functioning“功能”，作定语。故选G项。 10 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市敬业中学2023-2024学年高二下学期考英语试题 A．mix    B．specialty      C． extraordinary       D．distinguish     E. private F. contribute    G. expose     H. shifted   I. challenges   J. respective   K. favored Many of us grow up dreaming of becoming an astronaut. Ever wonder what it takes to be one? Take NASA for example. In order to catch NASA's eye, would-be astronauts must not only stand out in required skills and pass physical and psychological exams, but also find unique ways to 1 themselves from the harsh competition. NASA's requirements for becoming an astronaut have changed over the years. Originally, it 2 candidates with a military flight background, with at least 1,000 hours spent in command of a jet aircraft. In 1978, however, NASA 3 its focus to a more varied group of astronauts:scientists and engineers with at least three years of experience in their 4 fields. During the years of shuttle missions, everyone had a 5 : some would focus on robotics,others on spacewalks or maintenance. To work on the space station, astronauts must be able to perform all tasks, which encourage applicants to acquire different experiences. Jeanette Epps, an astronaut, studied aerospace engineering, worked at Ford Motor Company and took a job with the CIA before joining NASA．She says astronauts’ varied backgrounds 6 to their ability to adapt and learn anything quickly. After ensuring that candidates are U. S. citizens and that they satisfy basic education and experience requirements, the selection committee enters a gray area.“We’re not really looking for one thing, just a good 7 of things,”said Duane Ross, the manager for astronaut candidate selection and training. To the committee, candidates who take on 8 outside of the workplace demonstrate curiosity and energy. Many astronauts who don't have a military background do hold a(n) 9 piloting license. Some are enthusiastic mountain climbers, scuba divers or skiers. Others are musicians, dancers, or play competitive sports. Choosing to 10 themselves to different, extreme environments counts as another way to stand out from the crowd. 【答案】 1．D 92．K 93．H 94．J 95．B 96．F 97．A 98．I 99．E 100．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了如何成为一名宇航员。 2．考查动词。句意：为了吸引美国宇航局的眼球，未来的宇航员不仅要在要求的技能上脱颖而出，通过身体和心理测试，还要找到独特的方法，让自己在激烈的竞争中脱颖而出。way to do sth, distinguish“使出众”符合句意。故填D。 3．考查动词。句意：最初，它倾向于有军事飞行背景的候选人，至少有1000小时的喷气式飞机驾驶经验。根据“Originally”可知，本句为一般过去时，favored“青睐于”符合句意。故填K。 4．考查动词。句意：然而，在1978年，美国宇航局将其重点转移到一个更多样化的宇航员群体：在各自领域至少有三年经验的科学家和工程师。根据“In 1978”可知，本句为一般过去时，shifted“转移”符合句意。故填H。 5．考查形容词。句意：然而，在1978年，美国宇航局将其重点转移到一个更多样化的宇航员群体：在各自领域至少有三年经验的科学家和工程师。形容词作定语，respective“各自的”符合句意。故填J。 6．考查名词。句意：在执行航天飞机任务的那些年里，每个人都有自己的专长:有些人专注于机器人技术，有些人专注于太空行走或维护。名词作宾语，specialty“专长”符合句意。故填B。 7．考查动词和时态。句意：她说，宇航员的不同背景有助于他们快速适应和学习任何东西的能力。根据says可知，本句为一般现在时，contribute to“有助于”符合句意。故填F。 8．考查名词。句意：我们并不是真的在寻找一种东西，而是多种东西的良好组合。名词作宾语，a mix of“……的混合”符合句意。故填A。 9．考查名词。句意：对委员会来说，在工作场所之外接受挑战的候选人表现出好奇心和活力。on后接名词作宾语，challenges“挑战”符合句意。故填I。 10．考查形容词。句意：许多没有军事背景的宇航员确实持有私人驾驶执照。有些人热衷于登山、水肺潜水或滑雪。形容词作定语，private“私人的”符合句意。故填E。 11．考查动词。句意：选择将自己暴露在不同的极端环境中是另一种从人群中脱颖而出的方式。choose to do sth, expose“暴露”符合句意。故填G。 1 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$