专题02 选词填空 【期末必刷10篇】-2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末考点大串讲（上海）

2024-2025学年高一下学期期末考点大串讲（上海） 专题02 选词填空题精选10篇 01 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市大同中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试题（ A．backup  B．borderlines  C． breathlessly D．connectivity E. deskbound   F. divorcing G. functions   I. presence H. interrupting  J.reluctantly  K.update How to work from home There are many things that contribute to becoming a successful work-from-home employee. As more companies across nearly every industry accommodate an increasing number of employees wishing to avoid traffic jam and office cold lunch, remote work has become an increasingly easy and 1 practical option for many who seek it. Here is a modest guide to becoming a successful remote employee. Before 2 completely from the office, check with your corporate IT department and your manager to see if you are equipped with the programs and applications necessary to work remotely. Security first: If you connect to your company’s internal systems or email through a Virtual Private Network or other secure tunnel, make sure you’ve tested it and that it 3 from where you plan to work. Also, have a(n) 4 plan in the event your connection experiences disturbance. The same advice applies to internet 5 . I make sure that if the wireless internet in my home office fails, I can still connect seamlessly through my smartphone, set up as a Wi-Fi hot spot. To do this, make sure you have the right wireless plan, especially if you handle large files. The ability to communicate quickly and reliably is the most priceless attribute a remote employee needs to succeed. Do 6 your manager or boss frequently. Make sure they’re installed and you know how to use them, and make your 7 known to your colleagues when you are available and working. Set 8 if you’re working at home by explaining to family members or children that your work area is off limits, and they should avoid 9 unless it’s important. Find time to go for short walks to help inspire productivity and creativity. One of the blessings of working remotely is the opportunity to live a more active lifestyle instead of being 10 , but it’s important to make activity a habit. 02 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学国际部2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试卷 A．additional    B．producing    C． regular D．predicted  E. identified F. atmosphere  G. matched     H. reducing   I. carried      J. increase Forests in the northern half of the globe could be growing faster now than they were 200 years ago as a result of climate change, according to a study of trees in eastern America. The trees appear to have faster growth rates due to longer growing seasons and higher concentrations (浓度) of carbon dioxide in the 11 . Geoffrey Parker, a scientist at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Centre in Edgewater, Maryland, said that the increase in the rate of growth was unexpected and might be 12 to the higher temperatures and longer growing seasons documented in the region. The growth may also be influenced by the significant 13 in atmospheric CO2, he said. “We made a list of reasons these forests could be growing faster and then excluded half of them,” Dr. Parker said. Their study suggests that northern forests may become increasingly important in 14 the influence of man-made CO2 on the climate. Dr. Parker and his colleagues have 15 out a detailed record of the trees on a(n) 16 basis since 1987. They calculated that due to the global warming the forest is producing    17 tons of wood each year. The scientists 18 the land with trees at different stages of growth and found that both young and old trees were showing increased growth rate. More than 90 per cent of the tree groups had grown by between two and four times faster than the scientists had 19 from estimates of the long-term rates of growth. 03 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市上海市闵行区六校2023-2024学年高一下学期期末联考英语试题 Workforce of the Future The workplace is changing rapidly. Rather than the standard working day of nine to five, employees are working more flexibly to meet their busy home lives. Advances in technology are 20 the very nature of the tasks and skills required in the workplace. To gain a full perspective of how the workplace is set to change over the next decade, employee benefits provider Unum UK 21 with The Future Laboratory to survey 3,000 workers across several industries. They also interviewed industry experts and business leaders on topics from artificial intelligence and robotics to the increase of flexible working and an ageing workforce. The result outlines some of the employment changes that businesses can expect to see over the next decade and predicts the 22 of two worker cultures which will dominate the workforce. They are the obligated and the self-fulfilled workers. “Obligated workers” refer to people with dependents and the sandwich generation, 23 raising children with caring for elderly parents. Therefore, they value a career 24 to life stages and events and financial security. Joel Defries, 33, father of one kid and partner at London Vodka said, “A flexible employer will allow me to have a long paternity leave (陪产假) and to value my family just as much as I value my job.” Self-fulfilled workers are committed to life-long learning and acquiring new skills rather than 25 to an employer. They actively look for personal development and want employee benefits that help them 26 both their personal and professional ambitions. They treat personal commitments and pursuits as 27 to professional commitments. Elly Kemp, 31, 28 a full-time employee, now working part-time in a caféand also assisting with her grandmother’s care said, “My approach to work allows me the freedom to 29 my career at my own pace. I want my work to be fluid so I can change it when I want and do whatever makes me happy at the time.” 04 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市建平中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末教学质量检测英语试题 A．aimed  B．characterized  C． connection  D．decline  E. emerging  F. objective   G. previously  H. randomly  I. revealed  J. promising  K. shallow We are increasingly learning that our guts (肠胃) and our brains are intimately linked. But while there has been extensive research into how our diets can accelerate brain aging, less is known about the foods that can prevent cognitive 30 . “The 31 field of Nutritional Cognitive Neuroscience uncovers specific foods and nutrients that promote brain health across the lifespan,” Aron Barbey, director of the Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, told Newsweek. “Central to this effort is the discovery of nutrient profiles that can be used in nutritional interventions 32 at enhancing brain health.” In a new study, published in the journal Nature Aging, Barbey, Jisheng Wu, and Christopher Zwilling used state-of-the-art technology to establish a set of specific nutrient profiles associated with better cognitive performance in adults over the age of 65, offering a 33 path towards designing nutritional interventions to promote healthy brain aging. The study involved 100 cognitively healthy participants aged 65 to 75. The analysis 34 two types of brain aging among the participants: accelerated and slower than expected. And those with slower brain aging had a distinct nutritional profile. The researchers said that this nutritional profile is closely linked with nutrients found in the Mediterranean diet, which has 35 been associated with healthy brain aging. The Mediterranean diet is 36 by a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and olive oil, with a moderate intake of cheese and fish and a limited intake of red and processed meat. This study provides a more 37 analysis of these associations. “First, it’s one of the largest and most comprehensive studies to use blood-based biomarkers to investigate the 38 between diet and brain health,” he said. “Second, it goes beyond traditional cognitive tests by employing multimodal neuroimaging measures, and provides a more complete picture of brain health.” However, Barbey noted that further research was needed to confirm these results. Observational studies like this one need to be followed by controlled trials conducted 39 to confirm the effectiveness of the identified nutrient profile in promoting brain health. 05 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市闵行区上海师范大学附属中学闵行分校2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试题 A．demonstration        B．conversation        C． escaped            D．marching        E. campaigning F. reluctantly            G. absorbing            H. participated        I. prohibited        J. completely K. exhaustion The summer heat has reached its breaking point for a group of high school students in Wales, as the boys decided to protest their school’s strict uniform policy which 40 wearing shorts no matter what weather, by showing up to school in skirts. After they 41 to the bathroom to change into all-black skirts, seventeen White church High School students emerged wearing skirts on campus, and they 42 in the campaign to resist the customary uniform trousers. The boys’ 43 was less an act of politically urged civil disobedience than it was a way to beat the heat. While none of the boys were punished for their protesting efforts, the movement was short-lived. After proudly 44 into the headmaster’s office shouting “we want to wear shorts”, they were quickly ordered to change back into trousers. “We had a 45 with some boys and they have worn trousers,” said Principal Jones Williams. Protester Tyrone Evelyn, 15, told Wales Online that the group would continue 46 for a change. “It’s just appropriate for the weather. Over the last few days I’ve had a few headaches and skin irritations. Girls can wear skirts, so I don’t see why we can’t wear shorts. It’s a reasonable protest.” The boys 47 agreed to write a letter to their Students’ Union, applying for a rule change by next summer. Heat 48 and heat stroke are the two most common illnesses that occur when temperature rises. According to Mayo Clinic, wearing loose-fitting and light-colored clothing helps protected person from trapping sweat or 49 too much heat. 06 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市上海交通大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试卷 A．overemphasized      B．diverse    C． promoting     D．resources       E. critical F. normalization    G. embrace    H. shaping    I. affordable   J. decorated   K. questioning Cosmetic surgery has become increasingly popular in modern society, offering individuals the opportunity to enhance their physical appearance through various procedures. However, people’s attitudes towards cosmetic surgery are   50 and complex, reflecting a range of beliefs and values. One common attitude towards cosmetic surgery is the acceptance and 51 of it. With advancements in medical technology and the rise of social media influencers 52 beauty standards, more people view cosmetic surgery as a valid means of self-improvement. For some, undergoing plastic surgery is similar to getting a haircut or going to the gym — a personal choice to enhance one’s confidence and self-esteem. On the other hand, there is a segment of society that holds a more   53 view of cosmetic surgery. Some individuals believe that altering one’s appearance through surgery perpetuates unrealistic beauty standards and 54 physical appearance. They argue that true beauty comes from within and that society should focus on advocating self-acceptance and body positivity. Additionally, there is a subset of people who view cosmetic surgery as a luxury 55 only to the wealthy and privileged. Some argue that   56 should be allocated towards more essential healthcare needs rather than cosmetic enhancements. Furthermore, cultural and religious beliefs play a significant role in 57 attitudes towards cosmetic surgery. In some cultures, altering one’s appearance through surgery may be seen as taboo or challenge to traditional values. Overall, people’s attitudes towards cosmetic surgery are influenced by a variety of factors including societal norms, personal values, cultural beliefs, and economic considerations. While some 58 cosmetic surgery as a tool for self-improvement and enhancing confidence, others view it with skepticism, 59 its impact on beauty standards and societal priorities. Ultimately, the choice to undergo cosmetic surgery is a personal decision that reflects individual attitudes and values towards beauty and self-image in today’s society. 07 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市南洋模范中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试卷 A．maximum    B．source   C． keeping   D．complex     E. sound   F. excessive G. simplest   H. appeal   I. highlight   J. streamlining   K. core MUJI products came into being in the early 1980s as a result of a new mood, calling for a return to simplicity in daily life. Our aim was — and still is — to provide our customers all over the world with the fundamental things they need to live a busy, modern, urban lifestyle. These things must be made from good, 60 materials, with no unnecessary frills or fancies and must sell at a reasonable price. Our clothes must feel good on, our stationery must be practical and our household goods must be easy to use. This may seem elementary but it has always been a primary goal to ensure that MUJI customers should never pay for what they can’t use—i. e. added extras and fancy packaging. So, at MUJI you’ll find no 61 prices, just simple, sound products you can afford, so simple in fact, they don’t even carry a brand name. This is in direct contrast to the usual marketing ploy of producing heavily branded, expensively designed, over packaged goods. At MUJI we pride ourselves on being different. Moreover, our products are made from materials which we 62 on a global scale, not because we think an exotic origin sounds more exciting than one on our doorstep but because we are committed to using the best available material, wherever it comes from. Using these superior materials, we design our products so that their simplicity brings out their inherent 63 , both of the material they’re made from and the products themselves. Finally, we present our products in the   64 of packaging — if any at all ——which neither masks nor makes them look any more than they are. As a result, the quality and credence of each product are self-evident. As life gets more 65 , the need for simple lifestyle becomes all the more necessary. To find these, look no further than MUJI. The Company’s basic principle is to develop new simple products at reasonable prices by making the best use of materials while considering environmental issues. Through the careful selection of materials, 66 manufacturing processes and simplifying our packaging, we have continually introduced high quality MUJI brand products onto the market, at lower than usual prices. For the materials, the 67 selection criteria is always quality. These activities underpin our ability to create low-priced, high-quality products. When packaging products, MUJI seeks not to decorate them but rather to 68 their natural colors and shapes. For this reason, we use bulk packaging and place products in plain, uniform containers. Faithful to our philosophy of simplicity, this approach is also in 69 with our policy of conserving resources and reducing waste. Thus, all MUJI products appear on store shelves in simple packaging bearing only product-related information and a price tag. 08 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试卷 A．absent B．flood C． bound D．indistinguishable E. polishing F. strikingly G. consequently H. command I. engaged J. differing K. critically Rhinoceros horns(犀牛角) are big business. Traditional Chinese medicine uses them to treat rheumatism and gout, even though they have no actual pharmaceutical properties beyond placebo(安慰剂). And craftsmen carve them into dagger handles. A kilogram can thus 70 as much as $60,000, so there is tremendous incentive for poachers to hunt the animals. Since almost all rhinoceros populations are endangered, several 71 , this is a serious problem. Some conservationists therefore suggest that a way to reduce pressure on the animals might be to 72 the market with fakes. This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns and 73 , the motivation to hunt rhinos. That would require the fake s to be good. But Fritz Vollrath, a zoologist at Oxford University, thinks his skills as a forger(伪造者) are up to the challenge. As he writes in Scientific Reports, he and his colleagues from Fudan University, in Shanghai, have come up with a cheap and easy-to-make fake 74 similar to the real thing. The main ingredient of Dr. Vollrath’s forged horns is horsehair. Despite their 75 appearances, horses and rhinos are reasonably closely related. Horses do not have horns, of course. But, technically, neither do rhinos. The “horns” of rhinoceros are composed of hairs 76 tightly together using a mixture of dead cells. Examination under a microscope showed that hairs collected from horses’ tails had similar features to those found in the horns of rhinos except that horse hairs had a special layer 77 in those of the rhino, but the researchers were able to remove this with a solution of lithium bromide.(溴化锂溶液) They bundled the treated horse hairs as tightly as they could in a matrix of a special glue, and then left the bundles in an oven to dry. The result was a rough material that, with some 78 , looked like rhino horn. Whether to launch 79 fakes onto the rhinoceros-horn market would truly reduce prices and demand remains to be tested. But it might. It is an old trick in warfare to leave the enemy with forged, worthless money. Something similar may yet help save the rhino. 09 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市浦东新区东昌中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题 A．topic      B．developed      C． arguably     D．increasingly     E. repeated     F. events G. shares     H. individual     I. influenced     J. appeals          K. literary Poetry is a kind of writing in which the sound and meaning of groups of words express ideas or emotion in addition to the experiences or strong feelings the writer 80 . Unlike most other forms of writing, poetry is often written in lines, rather than paragraphs. Poetry also sounds different from other forms of writing, often using rhythm and rhyme to create an interesting sound when read aloud. Poetry catches the attention of a reader because it 81 to both emotions and senses. Sound is 82 the single most important aspect of any poem. The sound that any given word makes, or the sounds that come from specific groups of words used together, are what make poetry so unique as a form of writing. A typical story or report does not focus on the sounds that each 83 word makes when read. But poems generally contain few words, so it is important that each word plays a role in making an impact on the reader. Rhythm is the flow of sounds created by successive words in a poem. When you read a poem you can often hear this 84 pattern, or “beat” in the sounds. This is called meter. Some of the oldest and best-known poetry in the world came from Ancient Greece. As far back as 700 BCE, poets there recited their work at public 85 and religious ceremonies. The great epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey by Homer came from Greece. The Greeks eventually 86 Roman poets, such as Virgil, who wrote the Aeneid 30 BCE. In medieval times, poems such as Beowulf, The Divine Comedy by Dante. and The Canterbury Tales by Chaucer were written. Religion and romance became the 87 of choice for many poets at that time. Poetry 88 even more during the Renaissance period of history, an era of many great cultural achievements. This was the period during which Shakespeare, the most well-known poet, was making his mark! Needless to say, a trend had started. Poetry has continued to grow and change as a form of 89 expression in modern times. 10 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市宝山区2023-2024学年高一下学期期末教学质量监测英语试卷 A．average B．adapt C． consisting D．persistent E. exactly F. stuck G. failing H. extremely I. referred . initial K. range From roughly the 16th to 19th centuries, much of the Earth was caught by a persistent freezing cold. During this time, the Northern Hemisphere (半球) experienced long stretches of temperatures so cold that people witnessed crops 90 and rivers freezing — like the Scheldt River. Thousands of people walking and playing across the frozen River Thames; Soldiers on horseback seeing ships 91 in the ice; Natives using snowshoes to outsmart the English army…These were some of the images that define the Little Ice Age — a period of several centuries last millennium in which parts of the Northern Hemisphere struggled with a(n) 92 cold. But what caused the Little Ice Age, how long did it last, how did people 93 to the freezing cold — and what lessons can we learn as we enter our own period of climatic change? The Little Ice Age was not a true ice age — 94 cooling was probably only in the order of 0.5 degrees Celsius, or 1 degree Fahrenheit — or was it consistently cold. Dagomar Degroot, associate professor of environmental history at Georgetown University has 95 to the era as a series of “little ice ages.” Although some researchers argue it may have begun earlier, NASA defines the Little Ice Age as beginning around 1550 and 96 of three cold peaks-around 1650,1770 and 1850. Scientists are still working out 97 what caused the Little Ice Age too. Theories 98 from decreased solar activity to increased volcanic eruptions, to the decline of populations in North America, which allowed forests to replace agricultural land, in the process removing about seven billion tons of carbon from the atmosphere. A 2022 study argued that the 99 trigger was actually a rise of extremely warm water flowing north from the tropics in the late 1300s,which pushed Arctic ice into the North Atlantic. Whatever the cause, the consequences of the Little Ice Age have a lasting effect on history, although to what extent is still controversial. 1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年高一下学期期末考点大串讲（上海） 专题02 选词填空题精选10篇 01 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市大同中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试题（ A．backup  B．borderlines  C． breathlessly D．connectivity E. deskbound   F. divorcing G. functions   I. presence H. interrupting  J.reluctantly  K.update How to work from home There are many things that contribute to becoming a successful work-from-home employee. As more companies across nearly every industry accommodate an increasing number of employees wishing to avoid traffic jam and office cold lunch, remote work has become an increasingly easy and 1 practical option for many who seek it. Here is a modest guide to becoming a successful remote employee. Before 2 completely from the office, check with your corporate IT department and your manager to see if you are equipped with the programs and applications necessary to work remotely. Security first: If you connect to your company’s internal systems or email through a Virtual Private Network or other secure tunnel, make sure you’ve tested it and that it 3 from where you plan to work. Also, have a(n) 4 plan in the event your connection experiences disturbance. The same advice applies to internet 5 . I make sure that if the wireless internet in my home office fails, I can still connect seamlessly through my smartphone, set up as a Wi-Fi hot spot. To do this, make sure you have the right wireless plan, especially if you handle large files. The ability to communicate quickly and reliably is the most priceless attribute a remote employee needs to succeed. Do 6 your manager or boss frequently. Make sure they’re installed and you know how to use them, and make your 7 known to your colleagues when you are available and working. Set 8 if you’re working at home by explaining to family members or children that your work area is off limits, and they should avoid 9 unless it’s important. Find time to go for short walks to help inspire productivity and creativity. One of the blessings of working remotely is the opportunity to live a more active lifestyle instead of being 10 , but it’s important to make activity a habit. 【答案】 1．C 2．F 3．G 4．A 5．D 6．K 7．I 8．B 9．H 10．E 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章就怎样在家工作给出了一些建议。 1．考查副词。句意：因为几乎每一个行业都有更多的公司，能容纳越来越多希望避免交通堵塞和办公室冷餐的雇员。对找工作的人而言，远程工作已经变成了一种越来越简单和令人吃惊地实用的选择。practical是形容词，用副词修饰；breathlessly是副词，意为“气喘吁吁地，令人目瞪口呆地、吃惊地”，符合语境。故选C。 2．考查固定搭配。句意：在完全离开办公室前，向公司IT部门和经理咨询，看你是否有远程工作需要的程序和应用软件。空白处谓语介词before之后，应该该用动词ing形式；divorce from意为“脱离”，符合句意，因此填divorcing。故选F。 3．考查动词。句意：如果你连接到公司的内部系统，或者通过虚拟专用网络或其他安全隧道发送电子邮件，确保你已经测试过了，而且它从你计划工作的地方起作用。分析句子可知，空白处填动词做谓语，用一般现在时态；function作动词解时，意为“起作用，正常运转”，符合语境，因此填functions。故选G。 4．考查名词。句意：也要有备用计划，在你的连接受干扰时用。分析句子可知，空白处填单数名词；backup是名词，意为“后备计划”，符合语境。故选A。 5．考查名词。句意：相同的建议也适用于互联网连接。根据下文可以看出，该段的主旨是网络连接，connectivity是名词，意为“连接”，符合语境，故选D。 6．考查动词。句意：一定要经常更新你的经理或老板。根据上下文可知，该句是说要及时更新与老板和经理的联系。update是动词，意为“更新”，故选K。 7．考查名词。句意：确保它们已安装，并且你知道如何使用它们，当你有空能工作时，让你的同事知道你的出勤。下文when you are available and working说明我能出勤；presence是名词，意为“出勤、出席”，符合语境。故选I。 8．考查名词。句意：设定界限。如果你在家工作，给家庭成员或者孩子解释清楚，你的工作区域禁止入内，而且除非很重要，否则他们应该避免打扰你。下文explaining to family members or children that your work area is off limits.说明在家工作是有界限的；borderline是可数名词，意为“界限”，故选B。 9．考查动词。句意：设定界限。如果你在家工作，给家庭成员或者孩子解释清楚，你的工作区域禁止入内，而且除非很重要，否则他们应该避免打扰你。根据上下文，这里是说在家工作时，如果没有重要的事情，不要打扰我工作；interrupt 是动词，意为“打扰”；avoid后接动词ing形式，故选H。 10．考查形容词。句意：远程工作的一个好处是，有机会过一种更积极的生活方式，而不是埋头做事的。分析句子可知，空白处与active相反；deskbound是形容词，意为“埋头事务的；书呆子气的”，符合语境，故选E。 02 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学国际部2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试卷 A．additional    B．producing    C． regular D．predicted  E. identified F. atmosphere  G. matched     H. reducing   I. carried      J. increase Forests in the northern half of the globe could be growing faster now than they were 200 years ago as a result of climate change, according to a study of trees in eastern America. The trees appear to have faster growth rates due to longer growing seasons and higher concentrations (浓度) of carbon dioxide in the 11 . Geoffrey Parker, a scientist at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Centre in Edgewater, Maryland, said that the increase in the rate of growth was unexpected and might be 12 to the higher temperatures and longer growing seasons documented in the region. The growth may also be influenced by the significant 13 in atmospheric CO2, he said. “We made a list of reasons these forests could be growing faster and then excluded half of them,” Dr. Parker said. Their study suggests that northern forests may become increasingly important in 14 the influence of man-made CO2 on the climate. Dr. Parker and his colleagues have 15 out a detailed record of the trees on a(n) 16 basis since 1987. They calculated that due to the global warming the forest is producing    17 tons of wood each year. The scientists 18 the land with trees at different stages of growth and found that both young and old trees were showing increased growth rate. More than 90 per cent of the tree groups had grown by between two and four times faster than the scientists had 19 from estimates of the long-term rates of growth. 【答案】11．F 12．G 13．J 14．H 15．I 16．C 17．A 18．E 19．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，由于气候变化，北半球的森林生长速度加快。 11．考查名词。句意：由于生长季节变长长，大气中二氧化碳浓度变高，这些树木的生长速度似乎更快。空前有the，这里应用名词作宾语。根据空前的“higher concentrations (浓度) of carbon dioxide”可知，这里是说大气中的二氧化碳浓度。atmosphere意为“大气”。故选F。 12．考查动词。句意：马里兰州埃奇沃特史密森尼环境研究中心的科学家杰弗里·帕克表示，生长速度的增加是出乎意料的，可能与该地区记录的更高温度和更长的生长季节相匹配。根据“the increase in the rate of growth”和“the higher temperatures and longer growing seasons”可知，温度、生长季节与生长速度之间是呈正比的关系。match意为“相配”。be matched to意为“与……相配”。故选G。 13．考查名词。句意：他说，这种增长也可能受到大气中二氧化碳显著增加的影响。根据空前的“the significant”可知，空处应用名词。根据上文中的“The trees appear to have faster growth rates due to longer growing seasons and higher concentrations (浓度) of carbon dioxide”可知，树木生长速度加快与二氧化碳浓度升高有关，所以这里说这种增长也可能受到大气中二氧化碳显著增加的影响。increase意为“增加”，可作名词。故选J。 14．考查动词。句意：他们的研究表明，北方森林在减少人为二氧化碳对气候的影响方面可能变得越来越重要。根据空后的“the influence of man-made CO2 on the climate”并结合上文说北方森林生长速度加快可知，北方森林数量变多，可能在减少人为二氧化碳对气候的影响方面发挥更加重要的作用。空前有in，这里应用动名词reducing(减少)。故选H。 15．考查动词。句意：自1987年以来，帕克博士和他的同事们定期对这些树木进行详细记录。根据空后的“out a detailed record”可知，这里表示进行详细记录。carry out意为“进行，执行”。空前有助动词have，这里应用过去分词。故选I。 16．考查形容词。句意参考上题。根据“since 1987”可知，这里表示长期以来对这些树木进行定期记录。空处应用形容词作定语。on a regular basis意为“定期”。故选C。 17．考查形容词。句意：他们计算出，由于全球变暖，森林每年产生额外的木材数量。根据上文中的“forests could be growing faster”可知，森林生长加快，会产生更多的木材，即每年有额外的木材量。空处应用形容词additional(额外的)，作定语。故选A。 18．考查动词。句意：科学家们确定了这片土地上不同生长阶段的树木，并发现小树和老树的生长速度都在加快。根据空后的“the land with trees at different stages of growth”可知，既然要定期记录，那么要确定一块有不同生长阶段树木的土地。故选E。 19．考查动词。句意：超过90%的树木群的生长速度是科学家根据长期生长率估计预测的两到四倍。根据空后的“from estimates of the long-term rates of growth”可知，这里是说根据估计数据进行预测。predict意为“预测”，空前有助动词had，这里应用过去分词。故选D。 Directions: Fill in each blanks with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 03 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市上海市闵行区六校2023-2024学年高一下学期期末联考英语试题 Workforce of the Future The workplace is changing rapidly. Rather than the standard working day of nine to five, employees are working more flexibly to meet their busy home lives. Advances in technology are 20 the very nature of the tasks and skills required in the workplace. To gain a full perspective of how the workplace is set to change over the next decade, employee benefits provider Unum UK 21 with The Future Laboratory to survey 3,000 workers across several industries. They also interviewed industry experts and business leaders on topics from artificial intelligence and robotics to the increase of flexible working and an ageing workforce. The result outlines some of the employment changes that businesses can expect to see over the next decade and predicts the 22 of two worker cultures which will dominate the workforce. They are the obligated and the self-fulfilled workers. “Obligated workers” refer to people with dependents and the sandwich generation, 23 raising children with caring for elderly parents. Therefore, they value a career 24 to life stages and events and financial security. Joel Defries, 33, father of one kid and partner at London Vodka said, “A flexible employer will allow me to have a long paternity leave (陪产假) and to value my family just as much as I value my job.” Self-fulfilled workers are committed to life-long learning and acquiring new skills rather than 25 to an employer. They actively look for personal development and want employee benefits that help them 26 both their personal and professional ambitions. They treat personal commitments and pursuits as 27 to professional commitments. Elly Kemp, 31, 28 a full-time employee, now working part-time in a caféand also assisting with her grandmother’s care said, “My approach to work allows me the freedom to 29 my career at my own pace. I want my work to be fluid so I can change it when I want and do whatever makes me happy at the time.” 【答案】 20．G 21．A 22．B 23．I 24．E 25．K 26．F 27．J 28．C 29．D 【分析】这事一篇新闻报道。短文报道了未来两种主导劳动力——有义务的工作者和实现自我的工作者。 20．考查现在进行时。句意：技术进步正在改变工作场所所需任务和技能的性质。分析句子可知，本句用了现在进行时，根据句意，判断出填transforming。故选G。 21．考查动词。句意：为了全面了解未来十年工作场所的变化情况，员工福利提供商Unum UK与未来的实验室合作，对几个行业的3000名员工进行了调查。分析句子可知，本句为一般过去时，空处缺少谓语。partner with sb“与某人合作”符合语境。故选A。 22．考查名词。句意：研究结果概述了企业在未来十年可能会看到的一些就业变化，并预测了两种员工文化的演变将主导劳动力。the +名词+of“……的”，根据句意，空处填evolution。故选B。 23．考查现在分词。句意：有义务的工作者是指同时扶养与照顾父母和子女的人，在抚养孩子和照顾年迈的父母之间保持着平衡。分析句子可知，空处为现在分词作状语，balance A with B“使AB两方均势”符合语境。故选I。 24．考查过去分词。句意：因此，他们重视有助于生活各个阶段顺利度过、应对各种事件和保障经济安全的职业。be tailored to“适合于……”，被用在句中作career的后置定语，符合语境。故选E。 25．考查名词。句意：实现自我的工人致力于终身学习和获得新技能，而不是只为一个雇主工作。rather than为连词，连接new skills和loyalty。loyalty to“忠诚于……”，符合句意，故选K。 26．考查动词。句意：他们积极寻求个人发展，想获得能帮助他们追求个人和职业抱负的员工福利。help sb do sth“帮助某人做某事”，所以空处填动词原形pursue。故选F。 27．考查形容词。句意：他们把个人承诺和追求视为等同于职业承诺。be equal to“等同于”，本句中的equal to…作personal commitments and pursuits的宾语补足语。故选J。 28．考查副词。句意：31岁的Elly Kemp以前是一名全职员工，现在在一家咖啡馆兼职，同时照顾她的祖母。她说：“我的工作方式让我可以自由地以自己的速度推进我的职业生涯。”分析句子可知，formerly与now相对应。故选C。 29．考查动词。句意：31岁的Elly Kemp以前是一名全职员工，现在在一家咖啡馆兼职，同时照顾她的祖母。她说:“我的工作方式让我可以自由地以自己的速度推进我的职业生涯。”分析句子可知，to是动词不定式符号，后接动词原形。填advance。故选D。 04 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市建平中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末教学质量检测英语试题 A．aimed  B．characterized  C． connection  D．decline  E. emerging  F. objective   G. previously  H. randomly  I. revealed  J. promising  K. shallow We are increasingly learning that our guts (肠胃) and our brains are intimately linked. But while there has been extensive research into how our diets can accelerate brain aging, less is known about the foods that can prevent cognitive 30 . “The 31 field of Nutritional Cognitive Neuroscience uncovers specific foods and nutrients that promote brain health across the lifespan,” Aron Barbey, director of the Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, told Newsweek. “Central to this effort is the discovery of nutrient profiles that can be used in nutritional interventions 32 at enhancing brain health.” In a new study, published in the journal Nature Aging, Barbey, Jisheng Wu, and Christopher Zwilling used state-of-the-art technology to establish a set of specific nutrient profiles associated with better cognitive performance in adults over the age of 65, offering a 33 path towards designing nutritional interventions to promote healthy brain aging. The study involved 100 cognitively healthy participants aged 65 to 75. The analysis 34 two types of brain aging among the participants: accelerated and slower than expected. And those with slower brain aging had a distinct nutritional profile. The researchers said that this nutritional profile is closely linked with nutrients found in the Mediterranean diet, which has 35 been associated with healthy brain aging. The Mediterranean diet is 36 by a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and olive oil, with a moderate intake of cheese and fish and a limited intake of red and processed meat. This study provides a more 37 analysis of these associations. “First, it’s one of the largest and most comprehensive studies to use blood-based biomarkers to investigate the 38 between diet and brain health,” he said. “Second, it goes beyond traditional cognitive tests by employing multimodal neuroimaging measures, and provides a more complete picture of brain health.” However, Barbey noted that further research was needed to confirm these results. Observational studies like this one need to be followed by controlled trials conducted 39 to confirm the effectiveness of the identified nutrient profile in promoting brain health. 【答案】 30．D 31．E 32．A 33．J 34．I 35．G 36．B 37．F 38．C 39．H 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了大脑衰老与食物之间关系的研究。 30．考查名词。句意：但是，尽管人们对饮食如何加速大脑衰老进行了广泛的研究，但人们对预防认知能力下降的食物知之甚少。根据前文“We are increasingly learning that our guts (肠胃) and our brains are intimately linked. But while there has been extensive research into how our diets can accelerate brain aging”说明的是肠胃和大脑紧密联系，且研究了饮食如何加速大脑衰老，所以此处指的是预防认知能力下降。设空处作prevent宾语，decline，作为名词，意为“下降”符合句意，为不可数名词。故选D。 31．考查形容词。句意：“营养认知神经科学这一新兴领域揭示了在整个生命周期中促进大脑健康的特定食物和营养素，”内布拉斯加州大学林肯分校大脑、生物学和行为中心主任阿隆·巴贝告诉《新闻周刊》。空格处位于名词之前，修饰名词，所以需要填入形容词；根据常识可知“field of Nutritional Cognitive Neuroscience”为新兴学科。emerging意为“新兴的”符合句意。故选E。 32．考查过去分词。句意：“这项工作的核心是发现可用于旨在增强大脑健康的营养干预的营养概况。”过去分词短语aimed at意为“旨在，目的是”符合句意；此处指的是旨在增强大脑健康。故选A。 33．考查形容词。句意：在《自然衰老》杂志上发表的一项新研究中，Barbey、Jisheng Wu和Christopher Zwilling利用最先进的技术建立了一套与65岁以上成年人更好的认知表现相关的特定营养成分，为设计营养干预措施促进健康的大脑衰老提供了一条有希望的途径。空格处位于名词之前修饰名词，所以需要填入形容词；根据前文“Barbey, Jisheng Wu, and Christopher Zwilling used state-of-the-art technology to establish a set of specific nutrient profiles associated with better cognitive performance in adults over the age of 65 (Barbey、Jisheng Wu和Christopher Zwilling利用最先进的技术建立了一套与65岁以上成年人更好的认知表现相关的特定营养成分)”可知，此处是提供了有希望的途径。形容词promising意为“有前途的，有希望的”符合句意，在句中作定语。故选J。 34．考查动词以及时态。句意：分析显示，参与者的大脑衰老有两种类型：比预期的更快和更慢。根据空格后“比预期的更快和更慢”可知，此处指的是揭示了两种情况，reveal意为“揭示”符合句意；在句中作谓语，此处描述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。故选I。 35．考查副词。句意：研究人员说，这种营养状况与地中海饮食中的营养物质密切相关，地中海饮食曾被认为与健康的大脑衰老有关。空格处位于动词之前，因此需要填入副词，根据空格前“这种营养状况与地中海饮食中的营养物质密切相关”，可知，此处指的是地中海饮食曾经被认为与健康的大脑有关。previously意为“先前地”为副词，符合句意，在句中作状语。故选G。 36．考查动词以及被动语态。句意：地中海饮食的特点是饮食中富含全谷物、水果、蔬菜和橄榄油，适量摄入奶酪和鱼类，少量摄入红肉和加工肉。根据空格后“a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and olive oil, with a moderate intake of cheese and fish and a limited intake of red and processed meat”可知，此处指的是地中海饮食的特点。characterize“成为……特征”；主语The Mediterranean diet与动词characterize之间为被动关系，空格前有be动词，所以用过去分词构成一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。 37．考查形容词。句意：本研究对这些关联提供了更客观的分析。空格处位于名词之前，修饰名词，所以需要填入形容词。根据前文“The researchers said that this nutritional profile is closely linked with nutrients found in the Mediterranean diet, which has ____6____ been associated with healthy brain aging. (研究人员说，这种营养状况与地中海饮食中的营养物质密切相关，地中海饮食曾被认为与健康的大脑衰老有关。)”可知，此处指的是客观的研究，形容词objective意为“客观的”，符合句意。故选F。 38．考查名词。句意：他说:“首先，这是使用基于血液的生物标志物来调查饮食和大脑健康之间关系的规模最大、最全面的研究之一。”设空处在句中作宾语，根据上文“This study provides a more  ____8____  analysis of these associations.”可知，此处指的是饮食和大脑之间的联系。名词connection意为“联系”，符合句意。故选C。 39．考查副词。句意：然而，Barbey指出，需要进一步的研究来证实这些结果。像这样的观察性研究之后，需要随机进行对照试验，以确认所确定的营养成分在促进大脑健康方面的有效性。空格处修饰动词，所以要用副词；根据空格前“而，Barbey指出，需要进一步的研究来证实这些结果。”可知，此处需要随机进行对照试验。randomly意为“随机地”，符合句意。故选H。 05 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市闵行区上海师范大学附属中学闵行分校2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试题 A．demonstration        B．conversation        C． escaped            D．marching        E. campaigning F. reluctantly            G. absorbing            H. participated        I. prohibited        J. completely K. exhaustion The summer heat has reached its breaking point for a group of high school students in Wales, as the boys decided to protest their school’s strict uniform policy which 40 wearing shorts no matter what weather, by showing up to school in skirts. After they 41 to the bathroom to change into all-black skirts, seventeen White church High School students emerged wearing skirts on campus, and they 42 in the campaign to resist the customary uniform trousers. The boys’ 43 was less an act of politically urged civil disobedience than it was a way to beat the heat. While none of the boys were punished for their protesting efforts, the movement was short-lived. After proudly 44 into the headmaster’s office shouting “we want to wear shorts”, they were quickly ordered to change back into trousers. “We had a 45 with some boys and they have worn trousers,” said Principal Jones Williams. Protester Tyrone Evelyn, 15, told Wales Online that the group would continue 46 for a change. “It’s just appropriate for the weather. Over the last few days I’ve had a few headaches and skin irritations. Girls can wear skirts, so I don’t see why we can’t wear shorts. It’s a reasonable protest.” The boys 47 agreed to write a letter to their Students’ Union, applying for a rule change by next summer. Heat 48 and heat stroke are the two most common illnesses that occur when temperature rises. According to Mayo Clinic, wearing loose-fitting and light-colored clothing helps protected person from trapping sweat or 49 too much heat. 【答案】 40．I 41．C 42．H 43．A 44．D 45．B 46．E 47．J 48．K 49．G 【导语】本文的体裁属于新闻报道。文章简洁明了地报道了一群威尔士高中生通过穿裙子来抗议学校校服政策，要求允许在炎热天气穿短裤的事件，以及事件的结果。 40．考查动词时态。句意：对于威尔士的一群高中生来说，夏天的炎热已经到了极限，男孩们决定穿裙子去上学，以抗议学校严格的校服政策——无论什么天气都禁止穿短裤。此处为定语从句谓语动词，表示“禁止”穿短裤，且由上文谓语decided可知，事情发生在过去，which引导的定语从句时态用一般过去时，因此用prohibit“禁止”的过去式prohibited。故选I项。 41．考查动词时态。句意：在他们逃到浴室换上全黑的裙子后，17名白人教会高中的学生穿着裙子出现在校园里，他们参加了抵制传统制服裤子的运动。此处为时间状语从句谓语动词，根据语境，他们需要去洗手间换上全黑的裙子，因此应该是“逃到”洗手间去换衣服，且由主句谓语emerged可知，事情发生在过去，从句时态用一般过去时，用escape“逃离”的过去式escaped。故选C项。 42．考查动词时态。句意：在他们逃到浴室换上全黑的裙子后，17名白人教会高中的学生穿着裙子出现在校园里，他们参加了抵制传统制服裤子的运动。此处为谓语动词，由in the campaign可知，他们参加了抵制传统校服裤子的运动，且由并列谓语emerged可知，事情发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，因此用participate“参加”的过去式participated。participate in“参加”为固定搭配。故选H项。 43．考查名词。句意：男孩们的这一行为与其说是一场政治驱动的公民抗命行动，不如说是一种应对高温的方式。由The boys’可知，此处需要一个名词，作为句子的主语，表示“行为”或“示威”，因此用demonstration“示威”。故选A项。 44．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们骄傲地走进校长办公室，喊着“我们要穿短裤”，但很快就被要求换回长裤。介词After后需要一个动名词形式，与“into the headmaster’s office”搭配，表示一种动态的进入方式，因此用march的动名词marching，march into“行进，进入”为固定搭配。故选D项。 45．考查名词。句意：校长琼斯·威廉姆斯说：“我们和一些男孩进行了交谈，现在他们已经穿回了长裤。”由空前的a可知，此处需要一个名词，表示“交谈”，作为had的宾语，因用名词conversation“交谈，谈话”。故选B项。 46．考查非谓语动词。句意：抗议者Tyrone Evelyn，15岁，告诉Wales Online，这群人会继续为改变而运动。continue doing sth.“继续做某事”，且此处需要一个动名词形式，表示“参与活动，运动”，因此用campaign“参加运动”的动名词campaigning。故选E项。 47．考查副词。句意：男孩们完全同意给学生会写一封信，申请在明年夏天之前改变规定。这里需要一个副词来修饰“同意”，因此用completely“完全地”，作状语。故选J项。 48．考查名词。句意：热衰竭和中暑是气温升高时最常见的两种疾病。由空后的when temperature rises可知，这里表示由于高温而造成的疾病，heat exhaustion表示“热衰竭”，是一种因长时间暴露在高温环境中而引起的疾病，用名词exhaustion。故选K项。 49．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据Mayo Clinic的说法，穿宽松和浅色的衣服有助于保护人们不出汗或吸收过多的热量。protect...from...“保护……免受……的影响”。根据空前的or可知，本空用动名词，与空前的trapping并列，作from的宾语，用absorb“吸收”的动名词absorbing。故选G项。 06 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市上海交通大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试卷 A．overemphasized      B．diverse    C． promoting     D．resources       E. critical F. normalization    G. embrace    H. shaping    I. affordable   J. decorated   K. questioning Cosmetic surgery has become increasingly popular in modern society, offering individuals the opportunity to enhance their physical appearance through various procedures. However, people’s attitudes towards cosmetic surgery are   50 and complex, reflecting a range of beliefs and values. One common attitude towards cosmetic surgery is the acceptance and 51 of it. With advancements in medical technology and the rise of social media influencers 52 beauty standards, more people view cosmetic surgery as a valid means of self-improvement. For some, undergoing plastic surgery is similar to getting a haircut or going to the gym — a personal choice to enhance one’s confidence and self-esteem. On the other hand, there is a segment of society that holds a more   53 view of cosmetic surgery. Some individuals believe that altering one’s appearance through surgery perpetuates unrealistic beauty standards and 54 physical appearance. They argue that true beauty comes from within and that society should focus on advocating self-acceptance and body positivity. Additionally, there is a subset of people who view cosmetic surgery as a luxury 55 only to the wealthy and privileged. Some argue that   56 should be allocated towards more essential healthcare needs rather than cosmetic enhancements. Furthermore, cultural and religious beliefs play a significant role in 57 attitudes towards cosmetic surgery. In some cultures, altering one’s appearance through surgery may be seen as taboo or challenge to traditional values. Overall, people’s attitudes towards cosmetic surgery are influenced by a variety of factors including societal norms, personal values, cultural beliefs, and economic considerations. While some 58 cosmetic surgery as a tool for self-improvement and enhancing confidence, others view it with skepticism, 59 its impact on beauty standards and societal priorities. Ultimately, the choice to undergo cosmetic surgery is a personal decision that reflects individual attitudes and values towards beauty and self-image in today’s society. 【答案】 50．B 51．F 52．C 53．E 54．A 55．I 56．D 57．H 58．G 59．K 【导语】本文的体裁属于说明文。文章主要介绍了现代社会中人们对整形手术的不同态度及其背后的原因，包括社会文化因素、个人价值观、经济条件等。 50．考查形容词。句意：然而，人们对整形手术的态度是多样和复杂的，反映了各种信仰和价值观。结合上下文，此处需要一个形容词修饰名词attitudes“态度”，且表达出“多样的”的含义，用形容词diverse，作定语。故选B。 51．考查名词。句意：人们对整容手术的普遍态度是接受并将其正常化。此处与acceptance“接受”并列，作表语，且需要表达“规范化，正规化”的意思，用名词normalization。故选F。 52．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着医疗技术的进步和社交媒体影响者推动美容标准的提升，越来越多的人将整形手术视为自我提升的有效手段。逗号前为with复合结构，此处描述社交媒体影响者在“提升”美容标准方面的作用，用promote“提升”的现在分词，作宾补。故选C。 53．考查形容词。句意：另一方面，社会上有一部分人对整形手术持更为批判性的看法。此处需要一个形容词来修饰名词view“观点”，表达“批判性”的含义，因此用形容词critical，作定语。故选E。 54．考查形容词。句意：一些人认为通过手术来改变一个人的外表会延续不现实的美丽标准和过分强调身体的外表。此处需要一个形容词，表示“过份强调的”的意思，用形容词overemphasized，作定语，修饰physical appearance。故选A。 55．考查形容词。句意：此外，还有一小部分人认为整容手术是只有富人和特权阶层才能负担得起的奢侈品。此处需要一个形容词，修饰名词luxury“奢侈品”，表达“买得起的，负担得起的”之意，用形容词affordable，作后置定语。故选I。 56．考查名词。句意：一些人认为，资源应该被分配到更基本的医疗需求上，而不是用于整形美容。此处需要一个名词，指代应当被重新分配的东西，即“资源”，用名词resource的复数resources。故选D。 57．考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，文化和宗教信仰在塑造对整形手术的态度上起着重要作用。此处需要一个动词，表达“塑造、影响”的意思，用动词shape的动名词形式，作in的宾语。故选H。 58．考查动词。句意：虽然有些人接受整容手术，将其作为自我提升和增强自信的工具，但也有人持怀疑态度，质疑它对审美标准和社会优先事项的影响。由空后的“cosmetic surgery as a tool for self-improvement and enhancing confidence”可知，此处需要一个动词表达“欣然接受，乐意采纳”的意思，用动词embrace，作从句谓语。故选G。 59．考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然有些人接受整容手术，将其作为自我提升和增强自信的工具，但也有人持怀疑态度，质疑它对审美标准和社会优先事项的影响。view为主句谓语，本空需要非谓语动词动词，此处需要一个现在分词形式，表达“质疑”的意思，用question的现在分词questioning，作状语。故选K。 07 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市南洋模范中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试卷 A．maximum    B．source   C． keeping   D．complex     E. sound   F. excessive G. simplest   H. appeal   I. highlight   J. streamlining   K. core MUJI products came into being in the early 1980s as a result of a new mood, calling for a return to simplicity in daily life. Our aim was — and still is — to provide our customers all over the world with the fundamental things they need to live a busy, modern, urban lifestyle. These things must be made from good, 60 materials, with no unnecessary frills or fancies and must sell at a reasonable price. Our clothes must feel good on, our stationery must be practical and our household goods must be easy to use. This may seem elementary but it has always been a primary goal to ensure that MUJI customers should never pay for what they can’t use—i. e. added extras and fancy packaging. So, at MUJI you’ll find no 61 prices, just simple, sound products you can afford, so simple in fact, they don’t even carry a brand name. This is in direct contrast to the usual marketing ploy of producing heavily branded, expensively designed, over packaged goods. At MUJI we pride ourselves on being different. Moreover, our products are made from materials which we 62 on a global scale, not because we think an exotic origin sounds more exciting than one on our doorstep but because we are committed to using the best available material, wherever it comes from. Using these superior materials, we design our products so that their simplicity brings out their inherent 63 , both of the material they’re made from and the products themselves. Finally, we present our products in the   64 of packaging — if any at all ——which neither masks nor makes them look any more than they are. As a result, the quality and credence of each product are self-evident. As life gets more 65 , the need for simple lifestyle becomes all the more necessary. To find these, look no further than MUJI. The Company’s basic principle is to develop new simple products at reasonable prices by making the best use of materials while considering environmental issues. Through the careful selection of materials, 66 manufacturing processes and simplifying our packaging, we have continually introduced high quality MUJI brand products onto the market, at lower than usual prices. For the materials, the 67 selection criteria is always quality. These activities underpin our ability to create low-priced, high-quality products. When packaging products, MUJI seeks not to decorate them but rather to 68 their natural colors and shapes. For this reason, we use bulk packaging and place products in plain, uniform containers. Faithful to our philosophy of simplicity, this approach is also in 69 with our policy of conserving resources and reducing waste. Thus, all MUJI products appear on store shelves in simple packaging bearing only product-related information and a price tag. 【答案】 60．E 61．F 62．B 63．H 64．G 65．D 66．J 67．K 68．I 69．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了无印良品的历史，产品特色和产品生产中所注重的事情。 60．考查形容词。句意：这些东西必须由优质、可靠的材料制成，没有不必要的装饰或花哨，必须以合理的价格出售。空后为名词materials，此处应为形容词和空前的good共同作定语修饰该名词，sound“可靠的”为形容词，符合句意。故选E项。 61．考查形容词。句意：所以，在无印良品，你不会发现过高的价格，只有你能负担得起的简单、可靠的产品，简单到事实上，它们甚至没有品牌名称。空后为名词  prices，此处应为形容词作定语修饰该名词，excessive“过高的”为形容词，符合句意。故选F项。 62．考查动词。句意：此外，我们的产品是由我们在全球范围内采购的材料制成的，这并不是因为我们认为异国的材料听起来比我们家门口的材料更令人兴奋，而是因为我们致力于使用最好的材料，无论它来自哪里。空前为主语we，此处应为动词作句子的谓语成分，source“采购”为动词，符合句意。故选B项。 63．考查名词。句意：使用这些优质的材料，我们设计我们的产品，使它们的简单带出其内在的吸引力，无论是由它们制成的材料和产品本身。空前为形容词inherent，此处应为名词形式作句子的宾语成分，appeal“吸引力”为名词，符合句意。故选H项。 64．考查形容词。句意：最后，我们用最简单的包装来展示我们的产品——如果有的话——既不掩饰也不使它们看起来更真实。空前为定冠词the，此处应为形容词最高级形式，simplest“最简单的”为形容词最高级，符合句意。故选G项。 65．考查形容词。句意：随着生活变得越来越复杂，对简单生活方式的需求变得更加必要。空前为gets more，此处应为形容词作表语成分，complex“复杂的”为形容词，符合句意。故选D项。 66．考查动名词。句意：通过精心挑选材料，精简生产流程，简化包装，我们不断向市场推出高品质的无印良品品牌产品，价格低于通常的价格。此处为动名词形式，作介词Through的宾语成分，和and连接的simplifying构成并列结构，streamlining“简化”为动名词，符合句意。故选J项。 67．考查形容词。句意：对于材料，最核心的选择标准始终是质量。空后selection criteria为名词短语，此处应为形容词作定语修饰该名词短语，core“核心的”为形容词，符合句意。故选K项。 68．考查动词。句意：在包装产品时，无印良品寻求的不是装饰，而是突出其自然的颜色和形状。空前为不定式to，此处为动词原形，构成短语not to do sth but rather to do sth“不是做某事，而是做某事”，highlight“突出”为动词，符合句意。故选I项。 69．考查动名词。句意：这种做法既符合我们的简约理念，也符合我们节约资源和减少浪费的政策。空前为介词in，此处为动名词形式，和and连接的reducing保持并列结构，keeping“保持”为动名词，符合句意。故选C项。 08 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试卷 A．absent B．flood C． bound D．indistinguishable E. polishing F. strikingly G. consequently H. command I. engaged J. differing K. critically Rhinoceros horns(犀牛角) are big business. Traditional Chinese medicine uses them to treat rheumatism and gout, even though they have no actual pharmaceutical properties beyond placebo(安慰剂). And craftsmen carve them into dagger handles. A kilogram can thus 70 as much as $60,000, so there is tremendous incentive for poachers to hunt the animals. Since almost all rhinoceros populations are endangered, several 71 , this is a serious problem. Some conservationists therefore suggest that a way to reduce pressure on the animals might be to 72 the market with fakes. This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns and 73 , the motivation to hunt rhinos. That would require the fake s to be good. But Fritz Vollrath, a zoologist at Oxford University, thinks his skills as a forger(伪造者) are up to the challenge. As he writes in Scientific Reports, he and his colleagues from Fudan University, in Shanghai, have come up with a cheap and easy-to-make fake 74 similar to the real thing. The main ingredient of Dr. Vollrath’s forged horns is horsehair. Despite their 75 appearances, horses and rhinos are reasonably closely related. Horses do not have horns, of course. But, technically, neither do rhinos. The “horns” of rhinoceros are composed of hairs 76 tightly together using a mixture of dead cells. Examination under a microscope showed that hairs collected from horses’ tails had similar features to those found in the horns of rhinos except that horse hairs had a special layer 77 in those of the rhino, but the researchers were able to remove this with a solution of lithium bromide.(溴化锂溶液) They bundled the treated horse hairs as tightly as they could in a matrix of a special glue, and then left the bundles in an oven to dry. The result was a rough material that, with some 78 , looked like rhino horn. Whether to launch 79 fakes onto the rhinoceros-horn market would truly reduce prices and demand remains to be tested. But it might. It is an old trick in warfare to leave the enemy with forged, worthless money. Something similar may yet help save the rhino. 【答案】 70．H 71．K 72．B 73．G 74．F 75．J 76．C 77．A 78．E 79．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了为了保护犀牛免受盗猎，科学家们正在研究如何制造仿制的犀牛角以扰乱市场，降低真犀牛角的价值和减少猎杀犀牛的动机。 70．考查动词。句意：因此，一公斤犀牛角可以要价高达60,000美元的价格，这给盗猎者带来了巨大的猎杀犀牛的动机。分析句子可知，空格处应填入一个动词，且能与as much as $60,000搭配，表示“要求，索取”的意思。command在此处意为“要求，索取”，符合句意。故选H项。 71．考查副词。句意：由于几乎所有的犀牛种群都处于濒危状态，有几种已经处于严重濒危状态，这是一个严重的问题。分析句子可知，这是一个独立主格结构，根据下文“this is a serious problem(这是一个严重的问题)”可知，空白处应填表示“严重地”含义的表达。critically意为“关键地，严重地”，在此处表示前因后果的关系，符合句意。故选K项。 72．考查动词。句意：因此，一些环保人士建议，减少对犀牛的压力的一种方法可能是用假货淹没市场。根据下文“This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns(他们希望这样能降低真正犀牛角的价值)”可知，空格处应填入一个动词，且能与the market搭配，表示“淹没，充斥”的意思。flood意为“淹没，充斥”，符合句意。故选B项。 73．考查副词。句意：他们希望，这会降低真犀牛角的价值，并因此降低猎杀犀牛的动机。根据上文“This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns(他们希望，这会降低真犀牛角的价值)”以及下文“the motivation to hunt rhinos(猎杀犀牛的动机)”可知，前后句之间为因果关系。consequently意为“因此”，作状语修饰谓语动词reduce，符合句意。故选G项。 74．考查副词。句意：他和他的同事在《科学报告》中写道，他们已经想出了一种廉价且易于制作的仿制品，与真品惊人地相似。根据下文“similar to the real thing(与真品相似)”可知，空格处应填入一个副词，用于修饰similar，表示“惊人地”的意思。strikingly意为“显著地，惊人地”，符合句意。故选F项。 75．考查形容词。句意：尽管马和犀牛的外表不同，但它们在进化上是相当接近的。根据下文“appearances(外表)”以及“horses and rhinos are reasonably closely related(马和犀牛在进化上是相当接近的)”可知，空格处应填入一个形容词，用于修饰appearances，表示“不同”的意思。differing意为“不同的”，符合句意。故选J项。 76．考查动词。句意：犀牛的“角”是由毛发紧紧地绑在一起组成的，使用的是死细胞的混合物。根据下文“tightly together using a mixture of dead cells(使用死细胞的混合物紧紧地……在一起)”可知，空格处应填入一个动词，且能与together搭配，表示“绑在一起”的意思。bound意为“绑定”，符合句意。故选C项。 77．考查形容词。句意：显微镜下的检查显示，从马尾收集的毛发与犀牛角中发现的特征相似，除了马毛有一层在犀牛角中缺失的特殊层。根据上文“except that horse hairs had a special layer(除了马毛有一层特殊层)”可知，空格处应填入一个形容词，用于修饰layer，表示“缺失”的意思。absent意为“不在场的，缺失的”，符合句意。故选A项。 78．考查动名词。句意：结果是一种粗糙的材料，经过一些打磨后，看起来像犀牛角。根据空白处下文“looked like rhino horn(看起来像犀牛角)”可知，空格处应填入一个动名词，用于表示材料变光滑的过程。polishing意为“打磨”，符合句意。故选E项。 79．考查形容词。句意：是否将无法区分的仿品投放到犀牛角市场会真正降低价格和需求还有待测试。根据空白处上文“looked like rhino horn(看起来像犀牛角)”可知，空格处应填入一个形容词，用于修饰fakes，表示“无法区分”的意思。indistinguishable意为“无法区分的”，符合句意。故选D项。 09 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市浦东新区东昌中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题 A．topic      B．developed      C． arguably     D．increasingly     E. repeated     F. events G. shares     H. individual     I. influenced     J. appeals          K. literary Poetry is a kind of writing in which the sound and meaning of groups of words express ideas or emotion in addition to the experiences or strong feelings the writer 80 . Unlike most other forms of writing, poetry is often written in lines, rather than paragraphs. Poetry also sounds different from other forms of writing, often using rhythm and rhyme to create an interesting sound when read aloud. Poetry catches the attention of a reader because it 81 to both emotions and senses. Sound is 82 the single most important aspect of any poem. The sound that any given word makes, or the sounds that come from specific groups of words used together, are what make poetry so unique as a form of writing. A typical story or report does not focus on the sounds that each 83 word makes when read. But poems generally contain few words, so it is important that each word plays a role in making an impact on the reader. Rhythm is the flow of sounds created by successive words in a poem. When you read a poem you can often hear this 84 pattern, or “beat” in the sounds. This is called meter. Some of the oldest and best-known poetry in the world came from Ancient Greece. As far back as 700 BCE, poets there recited their work at public 85 and religious ceremonies. The great epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey by Homer came from Greece. The Greeks eventually 86 Roman poets, such as Virgil, who wrote the Aeneid 30 BCE. In medieval times, poems such as Beowulf, The Divine Comedy by Dante. and The Canterbury Tales by Chaucer were written. Religion and romance became the 87 of choice for many poets at that time. Poetry 88 even more during the Renaissance period of history, an era of many great cultural achievements. This was the period during which Shakespeare, the most well-known poet, was making his mark! Needless to say, a trend had started. Poetry has continued to grow and change as a form of 89 expression in modern times. 【答案】 80．G 81．J 82．C 83．H 84．E 85．F 86．I 87．A 88．B 89．K 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了诗歌的写作特点以及历史发展。 80．考查动词。句意：诗歌是一种写作，在这种写作中，除了作者所共有的经历或强烈的感情之外，还通过一组词的音意来表达思想或情感。根据“the experiences or strong feelings the writer”以及句意“共享”可知应填动词share，作谓语，根据上文is可知为一般现在时，主语为单数名词，谓语用三单形式。故选G。 81．考查动词。句意：诗歌能吸引读者的注意力，因为它既能吸引人的情感，又能吸引人的感官。根据“Poetry catches the attention of a reader”以及句意“吸引”可知应填appeal，为一般现在时，主语为it，谓语用三单形式。故选J。 82．考查副词。句意：声音可以说是任何诗歌中最重要的一个方面。根据“the single most important aspect of any poem”以及句意“可以说”可知应填副词arguably，修饰动词。故选C。 83．考查形容词。句意：典型的故事或报道并不关注每个单词在阅读时发出的声音。根据“word makes when read”以及句意“单词”可知应填individual，修饰名词word。故选H。 84．考查形容词。句意：当你读一首诗的时候，你经常会听到这种重复的模式，或者声音中的“节拍”。根据“pattern, or “beat” in the sounds”以及句意“重复的”可知应填repeated，修饰名词pattern。故选E。 85．考查名词。句意：早在公元前700年，那里的诗人就在公共活动和宗教仪式上背诵他们的作品。根据“and religious ceremonies”以及句意“活动”可知应填复数名词events，故选F。 86．考查动词。句意：希腊人最终影响了罗马诗人，比如公元前30年写了《埃涅阿斯纪》的维吉尔。根据“such as Virgil, who wrote the Aeneid 30 BCE”以及句意“影响”可知应填动词influence，发生在过去，用一般过去时。故选I。 87．考查名词。句意：宗教和浪漫成为当时许多诗人选择的主题。根据“Religion and romance”以及句意“主题”可知应填名词topic，作表语。故选A。 88．考查动词。句意：诗歌在文艺复兴时期得到了更大的发展，这是一个有着许多伟大文化成就的时代。根据“an era of many great cultural achievements”以及句意“发展”可知应填动词develop，发生在过去，用一般过去时。故选B。 89．考查形容词。句意：诗歌作为一种文学表达形式在现代继续发展和变化。根据“Poetry has continued to grow and change as a form of”以及句意“文学”可知应填形容词literary，修饰名词expression。故选K。 10 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市宝山区2023-2024学年高一下学期期末教学质量监测英语试卷 A．average B．adapt C． consisting D．persistent E. exactly F. stuck G. failing H. extremely I. referred . initial K. range From roughly the 16th to 19th centuries, much of the Earth was caught by a persistent freezing cold. During this time, the Northern Hemisphere (半球) experienced long stretches of temperatures so cold that people witnessed crops 90 and rivers freezing — like the Scheldt River. Thousands of people walking and playing across the frozen River Thames; Soldiers on horseback seeing ships 91 in the ice; Natives using snowshoes to outsmart the English army…These were some of the images that define the Little Ice Age — a period of several centuries last millennium in which parts of the Northern Hemisphere struggled with a(n) 92 cold. But what caused the Little Ice Age, how long did it last, how did people 93 to the freezing cold — and what lessons can we learn as we enter our own period of climatic change? The Little Ice Age was not a true ice age — 94 cooling was probably only in the order of 0.5 degrees Celsius, or 1 degree Fahrenheit — or was it consistently cold. Dagomar Degroot, associate professor of environmental history at Georgetown University has 95 to the era as a series of “little ice ages.” Although some researchers argue it may have begun earlier, NASA defines the Little Ice Age as beginning around 1550 and 96 of three cold peaks-around 1650,1770 and 1850. Scientists are still working out 97 what caused the Little Ice Age too. Theories 98 from decreased solar activity to increased volcanic eruptions, to the decline of populations in North America, which allowed forests to replace agricultural land, in the process removing about seven billion tons of carbon from the atmosphere. A 2022 study argued that the 99 trigger was actually a rise of extremely warm water flowing north from the tropics in the late 1300s,which pushed Arctic ice into the North Atlantic. Whatever the cause, the consequences of the Little Ice Age have a lasting effect on history, although to what extent is still controversial. 【答案】 90．G 91．F 92．D 93．B 94．A 95．I 96．C 97．E 98．K 99．J 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地球北半球的小冰河时期的情况。 90．考查动词。句意：在此期间，北半球经历了长时间的低温，人们目睹了庄稼歉收，河流冻结，比如斯海尔德河。根据“the Northern Hemisphere experienced long stretches of temperatures”以及句意“歉收”可知应填fail，此处为现在分词作宾补。故选G。 91．考查动词。句意：成千上万的人在结冰的泰晤士河上散步玩耍；马背上的士兵看见船陷在冰里；当地人用雪鞋智胜英国军队……根据“in the ice”以及句意“陷在”可知应填过去分词stuck，作宾补。故选F。 92．考查副词。句意：这些是定义小冰期的一些图像——在过去一千年的几个世纪里，北半球的部分地区与持续的寒冷作斗争。根据“These were some of the images that define the Little Ice Age — a period of several centuries last millennium”以及句意“持续的”可知应填形容词persistent，修饰名词cold。故选D。 93．考查动词。句意：但是，是什么导致了小冰期，它持续了多长时间，人们是如何适应寒冷的，当我们进入自己的气候变化时期时，我们能学到什么？根据“to the freezing cold”以及句意“适应”可知应填动词adapt，此处为特殊疑问句，应填原形。故选B。 94．考查形容词。句意：小冰河期并不是真正的冰河期——平均温度可能只有0.5摄氏度，或者1华氏度——或者它一直很冷。根据“nor was it consistently cold”以及句意“平均的”可知应填形容词average，修饰名词cooling。故选A。 95．考查动词。句意：乔治城大学环境史副教授达格马尔·德格鲁特把这个时代称为一系列的“小冰河期”。根据“to the era as a series of “little ice ages.””以及句意“称为”可知应填refer，根据has可知为现在完成时。故选I。 96．考查动词。句意：尽管一些研究人员认为它可能开始得更早，但美国宇航局将小冰川期定义为大约始于1550年，由三个寒冷的高峰组成——大约在1650年、1770年和1850年。根据“of three cold peaks-around 1650,1770 and 1850”以及句意“由……组成”可知应填consist，作介词as的宾语，应用动名词形式。故选C。 97．考查副词。句意：科学家们还在研究导致小冰河期的确切原因。根据“what caused the Little Ice Age too”以及句意“确切”可知应填副词exactly，作状语。故选E。 98．考查动词。句意：从太阳活动减少到火山爆发增加，再到北美人口的减少，这使得森林取代了农田，在这个过程中从大气中去除了大约70亿吨的碳。根据“from decreased solar activity to increased volcanic eruptions, to the decline of populations in North America”以及句意“范围变化”可知应填动词range，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语用原形。故选K。 99．考查形容词。句意：2022年的一项研究认为，最初的触发因素实际上是14世纪后期从热带向北流动的极暖水上升，将北极的冰推入北大西洋。根据“trigger was actually a rise of extremely warm water flowing north from the tropics in the late 1300s,which pushed Arctic ice into the North Atlantic”以及句意“最初的”可知应填形容词initial，作定语修饰名词trigger。故选J。 1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$