专题05 阅读理解应用文与说明文 【期末必刷12篇】-2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末考点大串讲（上海）

2024-2025学年高一下学期期末考点大串讲（上海） 专题05 阅读理解应用文+说明文题精选12篇 01 Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. 【来源】上海市华东师范大学第一附属中学2023-2024学年高一下期期终考试英语试卷 Our library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment. Zones The library is divided into different zones. The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer. The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs. The ground floor is the zone where you can talk. Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work. Computers You can use your own computer to connect to the wi-fi specially prepared for notebook computers; you can also use library computers, which contain the most commonly used applications, such as Microsoft Office. They are situated (位于) in the area known as the Experimental Field on the ground floor. Group-study places If you want to discuss freely without disturbing others, you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor. Some study rooms are for 2-3 people and others can hold up to 6-8 people. All rooms are marked on the library maps. There are 40 group-study rooms that must be booked via the website. To book, you need an active University account and a valid University card. You can use a room three hours per day, nine hours at most per week. Storage of Study Material The library has lockers for students to store course literature. When you have got at least 40 credits (学分), you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year’s rental period. Rules to be Followed Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library. Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls. Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you. 1．What can students do on the upper floor of the library? A．Chat at the table. B．Have group discussion. C．Relax themselves. D．Read attentively. 2．What is required if you want to reserve a group-study room? A．The application form. B．The marked library map. C．An active school account. D．The topic of the discussion. 3．How can a student rent a locker? A．By booking in advance. B．By attending enough courses. C．By paying the rental fee. D．By earning the required credits. 02 Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. 【来源】上海市建平中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末教学质量检测英语试题 Is Light Dairy Better? There are always two choices on the shelf when we reach for the milk, cheese or yoghurt: normal or light. Less fat is better, right? But what about the goodness that can be found in dairy — Is it all there in the reduced-fat version? Five experts from various fields were asked if light dairy products were better for our health. Here are their detailed responses Caryl Nowson, Nutritionist Switching from full-fat dairy products to low-fat reduces energy intake, thereby preventing weight gain as well as reducing saturated fat (饱和脂肪) intake. Consumption of saturated fat raises cholesterol (胆固醇) levels in the blood, which increases the risk of heart disease. So reducing saturated fat intake can assist in reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke. Malcolm Riley, Epidemiologist Light dairy products are great for people who want to lower their fat intake. They contain most of the nutritional benefits that can be found in full-fat dairy foods, despite containing 25 percent to 100 percent less fat than their regular dairy food equivalents. However, it is important to note that light dairy foods may be higher in some other nutrients, such as sugar. It always pays to read the nutrition tag and the ingredients list carefully. Nicholas Fuller, Obesity Researcher Both full-fat and low-fat dairy foods have the same benefits for our heart health. The most important thing is that a person includes dairy products in their diet, or suitable dairy-free alternatives that are calcium-enriched (富含钙质的), such as soy. Until we know for sure the effect of full-fat versus low-fat dairy on our weight and waistlines, people should stick with low-fat products as part of their daily eating plan. Evangeline Mantzioris, Food Scientist A recent study which followed people for 22 years found no negative link between heart health and dairy consumption — whether it is full-fat or low-fat dairy. So currently the evidence suggests that light dairy makes no difference in terms of our risk of heart disease and early death. For those who seek to manage their weight, the difference in energy intake may have a significant impact on their success. Robyn Delbridge, Dietitian Light dairy foods are not necessarily better than full-fat dairy foods. Overall, evidence supports the conclusion that dairy foods, regardless of fat content, involve a low risk of the potential harmful effects of high blood pressure. Fermented (发酵的) dairy such as yoghurt and cheese may be beneficial for heart health. The choice of full-fat versus that of low-fat foods should be made based on your whole diet pattern. 4．According to the article, ____ out of the five experts believed that light dairy products were better for our health. A．one B．two C．three D．four 5．According to the article, ________ and ________ hold contrary opinions about the relationship between dairy products and heart health. A．Caryl Nowson ... Nicholas Fuller B．Nicholas Fuller ... Robyn Delbridge C．Caryl Nowson ... Evangeline Mantzioris D．Malcolm Riley ... Evangeline Mantzioris 6．What can we infer from the article? A．Nicholas Fuller recommended that we eat more soy than dairy. B．Evangeline Mantzioris suggested that dieters stay away from full-fat foods. C．Robyn Delbridge believed that people cannot benefit from full-fat products. D．Malcolm Riley believed that all kinds of low-fat dairy products could help people stay fit. 03 Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. 【来源】上海市上海交通大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试卷 In the quest for radiant and youthful skin, many people turn to cosmetic products and treatments. However, nature provides us with a bounty of ingredients that can work wonders for our skin without the need for harsh chemicals or invasive procedures. Incorporating food-based ingredients into your skincare routine can be a delicious and effective way to nourish and pamper your skin. Milk is not just a staple in our diets; it also has skincare benefits. Rich in proteins and lipids (油脂), milk helps the skin retain water, keeping it moist and supple, if drunk regularly. However, you can’s add milk into homemade face masks for a hydrating boost, because it might cause skin allergy (过敏) due to the rich nutrition which can’t be absorbed by skin. Olive oil, a Mediterranean staple, is not only great for cooking but also for moisturizing the skin, making the it silky and smooth. While olive oil is an excellent moisturizer, it’s best to use products containing olive oil on the arms and legs rather than the face to avoid clogging pores. Grapes are not only a delicious snack but also a mild source of antioxidants, providing anti-aging protection by combating free radicals (自由基) which can cause damage to the skin. Adding grapes to your diet or skincare routine can help promote a more youthful complexion. Papaya, thanks to its enzyme papain, can help to dissolve pore-blocking debris and slough off dead skin cells, revealing a smoother and brighter complexion. However, individuals with sensitive skin or a papaya allergy should proceed with caution. Strawberries are not just sweet and juicy; they can also help calm redness. The antioxidants in strawberries work to even out skin tone and improve the overall texture of the skin, making it appear more uniform and clear. However, individuals with berry allergies should steer clear of strawberry-based products. Honey helps to lock in moisture and alleviate dry patches, leaving the skin soft and hydrated. However, those with acne-prone skin should use honey-based products sparingly, as they may be too rich and potentially pore-clogging. Therefore, use honey in moderation and choose products with lighter formulas. Tangerines are packed with fruit acids that help exfoliate (去屑) the skin, promoting a smoother and more radiant complexion. Skincare products containing citrus ingredients can help slough off dead skin cells and reveal a fresh layer of skin underneath. Incorporating these food-based ingredients into your skincare routine can provide numerous benefits for your skin, from hydration and exfoliation to antioxidant protection and anti-aging benefits. By harnessing the power of nature’s bounty, you can achieve healthy, glowing skin without the need for harsh chemicals or invasive treatments. So next time you’re in the kitchen, consider reaching for these natural ingredients to nourish and pamper your skin from the inside out. Your skin will thank you for it! 7．To keep skin moist, we can resort to some natural products except __________. A．milk B．olive oil C．honey D．tangerine 8．For an berry-allergic old lady with sensitive skin condition, you’d better recommend __________ to be involved in her diet and daily skincare to help her preserve youth. A．milk B．papaya C．grapes D．strawberries 9．The passage can probably be targeted at ____________________. A．owners of fruit shops who wants to promote sales B．customers in supermarket who are searching for fruits C．women who wants to become beautiful and healthy D．chefs who are particular about food ingredients 04 Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. 【来源】上海市上海市闵行区六校2023-2024学年高一下学期6月期末联考英语试题 Read the text below. Is your supermarket plan similar to this? ●Fruit and vegetables are normally close to the entrance. This makes people think they are going into an open-air market and makes them feel positive. ●Stores are usually decorated in colors that make people feel healthy and happy. All the supermarkets belonging to one company have the same colors to make people feel at home. ●A person blinks(眨眼) an average of 32 times a minute. US research has shown that a certain type of lighting can reduce this to 14 times a minute. This can make customers feel sleepy, and they then buy more goods. ●Goods placed at the end of an aisle (走廊) often sell five times more than those placed in the middle of the aisle. Stores often move goods that they particularly want to sell, such as those nearing their sell-by date, to these sites. ●Most shoppers buy bread, so the bakery counter is situated as far away from the entrance as possible. Customers will have to walk past hundreds of other products to reach it. ●Drinks are usually located near the exit. Supermarkets hope that customers will buy because they are in a good mood as they finish their shopping experience. ●Silence makes shoppers feel uncomfortable. Supermarkets like to make sure that there is quite a lot of pleasant background noise. ●Security cameras are not just for catching shoplifters. Supermarkets also follow a few shoppers through the shop so that they can observe what routes people take. This information helps them to rearrange their products to appeal to more customers. 10．What is the passage mainly about? A．Why supermarket plans are similar to each other. B．What factors contribute to supermarkets’ success. C．Why some supermarkets appeal to more customers. D．What supermarkets do to encourage customers to buy more. 11．Why are goods that near their sell-by date placed at the end of an aisle? A．They are more likely to be sold there. B．They may give shoppers a bad feeling. C．They are less attractive than other products. D．They are what supermarkets want to give up. 12．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．Shoppers like carrying vegetables around the supermarket. B．Cameras are used to improve the supermarkets' layout. C．Lighting in supermarkets helps shoppers to stay alert. D．Background noise will make shoppers sleepy. 05 Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. 【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试卷 January issue: Rocket ScienceIt’s all systems go for 2024! Join AQUILA for this exciting issue as we discover Newton’s laws of motion, and the maths behind the Moon landings. PLUS: meet the wannabe spacemen of the ancient world and see how the ‘space race’ excited and inspired 20th-century designers and artists. ★BIG IDEAS for 8-12 year-olds ★Challenging Reading & Puzzles ★Teachers & Parents love AQUILA AQUILA Magazine is perfect for inquisitive children, and it has a great line-up of intelligent articles you will probably want to read yourself. From Rocket Science to The Story of Humankind, this advanced and philosophical publication introduces young readers to a thought-provoking mix of Science, Arts and General Knowledge. What’s special about AQUILA? AQUILA is not like any magazine you will find on the newsstand-it is more like a club for inquisitive kids. They will soon discover a community of other youngsters just like them-kind, creative and curious. Every issue is a pleasing combination of challenge and fun; readers can explore advanced concepts beyond the range of the school classroom and build strong foundations for their future education. What’s inside? AQUILA takes an in-depth look at a new topic every month; the editorial is both witty and intelligent, with articles written and researched by educational specialists. Each issue is beautifully illustrated with diagrams, photos and contemporary artworks. SUBSCRIBE NOW □€55 Annual Subscription Europe €60 World €70 Purchaser’s Name & Address _________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Postcode: ________________   Phone Number: ________________ Card No. ____________/____________/____________/____________ Expiry date: __________/__________   Security code: __________ Alternatively, mail cheque payable to AQUILA．Post completed coupon to: AQUILA, 67A Willowfield Road, Eastbourne BN22 8AP Child’s name _________________ Delivery address (if different) ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ Postcode ______________________ □Start ASAP □Birthday Gift Birthday date __________________ Gift message (20 words max) _____ ______________________________ ______________________________ More subscription options: www.AQUILA．co.uk   TEL: 01323431313 13．The distinctive feature of AQUILA is that it offers readers __________. A．inspiring ideas of mankind B．a sense of belonging C．articles with beautiful illustration D．knowledge routinely taught in schools 14．Which of the following is TRUE concerning AQUILA’s content? A．Editors’ views are presented in a serious manner. B．It deals primarily with technological breakthrough. C．Its content is closely linked to school curriculums. D．One can view online some of AQUILA’s content. 15．What can we learn from the leaflet? A．AQUILA is mainly intended for teenagers. B．Subscription for a year cost an Asian €70. C．Long gift messages may lead to extra charge. D．Payment can only be made via bank card. 06 Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. 【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学国际部2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试卷 Many scientists are making greater effort to study ocean currents (洋流) for the moment. Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment. However, ocean expert Curtis Esmeyer does it in a special way — by studying movements of random floating garbage. A scientist with many years' experience, he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States. There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear. Esmeyer found out in his researches that the shoes — about 60,000 in total — fell into the ocean in a shipping accident. He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back. As expected, the company told him that they didn't. Esmeyer realized this could be a great experiment. If he learned when and where the shoes went into the water and tracked where they landed, he could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents. The Pacific Northwest is one of the world's best areas for beachcombing (海滩搜寻) because winds and currents join here, and as a result, there is a group of serious beachcombers in the area. Esmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed. In a year he collected reliable information on 1,600 shoes. With this data, he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents, and publish the findings of their study. As the result of his work, Esmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean. He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts, with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand. They have recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves. 16．The underlined phrase swap meets in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______. A．repair rooms B．trading fairs C．business talks D．group meetings 17．Esmeyer phoned the shoe company to find out ______. A．what caused the shipping accident B．when and where the shoes went missing C．whether it was all right to use their shoes D．how much they lost in the shipping accident 18．Esmeyer is most famous for ______. A．traveling widely the coastal cities of the world B．making records for any lost objects on the sea C．running a global currents research association D．phoning about any doubtful objects on the sea 19．What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage? A．To call people's attention to ocean pollution. B．To warn people of shipping safety in the ocean. C．To explain a unique way of studying ocean currents. D．To give advice on how to search for lost objects on the beach. 07 Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. 【来源】上海市建平中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末教学质量检测英语试题 To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore, we must turn to a more subtle theory than “Monkey see, monkey do”. Look at it from the child’s point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do. There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to achieve his immediate goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically that such a screaming is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults award some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves. In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wished to avoid. If the pupil wants to be good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players. Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situations, imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success. 20．According to the passage, to teach a child to learn something, parents should _________. A．follow the theory of imitation B．set a good example for the child to copy C．simplify each action shown to the child D．view from the child’s perspective 21．Which of the following situation will lead a child to seek for a model? A．The child is blamed by parents for his/her wrongdoing. B．The child is in trouble and cannot figure out an approach. C．The child encounters a professional who can get the right result. D．The child comes up with a solution to an issue. 22．It can be inferred that children usually imitate people _________. A．whose actions are consistent with theirs B．who enjoy a high social status C．whose talent and skill are extraordinary D．whom they want to be shaped into 23．What is the passage mainly about? A．The factors determining children’s imitation. B．The significance of learning by imitation. C．The way children choose models. D．The reason for parenting by imitation. 08 Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. 【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试卷 Buying organic (有机的) food may not always be better for the planet or for human health than cheaper options grown with artificial pesticides, according to researchers. There tend to be more birds and bees on organic farms but the benefits may be cancelled out because they produce an average of 19 to 25 perent less food per acre than conventional farms. This means that more land is needed to produce the same amount of food, and land being changed for agriculture is one of the greatest threats to wildlife, researchers at the University of British Columbia said. Organic farms tend to use less energy and produce lower emissions, but “when lower organic yields are taken into account, greenhouse gas emissions might actually be higher under organic management.” The authors of the study, published in Science Advances, said: “We don’t know whether organic agriculture provides any benefits for biodiversity if lower organic yields are taken into account.” Organic farms tend to cause less nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of water systems, but the lower yields could mean that nitrogen loss per unit of food produced is higher than on conventional farms. The authors argued that in countries such as Canada, where pesticide regulations are strict and diets are rich in micronutrients, the health benefits of choosing organic might be marginal. They said organically grown food probably contained slightly more micronutrients but it was not clear whether this provided “any actual health benefits to consumers”. The team analyzed organic crop farming across 17 criteria including yield, impact on climate change, farmer livelihood and consumer health. “Organic is often proposed as a good solution to current environmental and food scarcity problems, but we found that the costs and benefits will vary heavily depending on the context,” Verena Seufert, one of the authors, said. They concluded that organic farming is not the only solution to providing a sustainable source of food for an ever-growing global population, but does have an important role to play. “We need to stop the perception of organic and conventional agriculture as two ends of the spectrum. Instead, consumers should demand better practices for both so that we can achieve the world’s food needs in a sustainable way,” Ms. Seufert said. The study, which involved a review of the scientific literature on the environmental and economic performance of organic farms, also found that they were highly dependent on animal manure (排泄物) from conventional farms and added: “It is not clear whether we would have enough organic fertilizers to feed everyone in the world with organic food” Organic food is more expensive and “therefore less accessible to consumers with low income, they said. 24．What does the study find about organic farms? A．They are less than efficient. B．They rely on wildlife species. C．They used to produce added emission. D．They use high-quality pesticides. 25．The word “marginal” (in paragraph 6) is closest in meaning to __________. A．irregular B．unlimited C．unimportant D．irrelevant 26．What can be inferred from the passage about organic agriculture? A．Its benefits are yet to be confirmed by review of scientific literature. B．It is perceived as reaching the end of its development like conventional agriculture. C．It is regarded as the opposite of conventional agriculture. D．Its drawbacks outweigh the benefits it yields in most cases. 27．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．Organic Farming: Balancing Costs and Benefits B．Organic Farming: Winner in Sustainable Agriculture C．Organic Farming: A Cost-Effective Path to a Healthier Planet D．Organic Farming: The Answer to Global Food Scarcity 09 Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. 【来源】上海市上海市闵行区六校2023-2024学年高一下学期6月期末联考英语试题 The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated. While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars, policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared. Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing (叫车) services. Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it. 28．What does the word “materializing” in paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．consuming fewer resources B．coming into being C．drawing people’s attention D．enjoying an advantage 29．Paragraph 3 mainly talks about . A．drivers’ improper use of self-driving cars B．the worsening traffic due to self-driving cars C．the possible bad effects of self-driving cars D．the widespread application of self-driving cars 30．What of the following best illustrates the author’s attitude towards self-driving cars? A．It remains to be seen whether self-driving cars will be safe enough. B．The future of self-driving cars is not as bright as producers think. C．We should make self-driving cars a better choice of transportation. D．Policy makers should stop giving self-driving cars permits. 31．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．Preparing cities for self-driving cars B．Self-driving cars: shared or not? C．Shall we ban self-driving cars? D．Future self-driving cars 10 Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. 【来源】上海市闵行区上海师范大学附属中学闵行分校2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试题 In his book The Tipping Point, Canadian author Malcolm Gladwell explains how a trend can take many forms. It can be a general change in social behaviour, an idea or a fashion. However, why do some trends catch on and others not? What makes one particular brand of training shoe suddenly become the must-have product? How do people find out about trends and what makes people want to buy into them? Is it simply a question of keeping up with other people? In his new work, Gladwell explores the moment when something becomes common and how products, ideas messages and forms of behaviour spread. He looks at the reasons why trends are similar in the way they develop to outbreaks of disease, or medical epidemics. Epidemics, like trends, start in a very similar way, maybe from a single person with a virus, then spread very quickly until they take over the population and appear to be everywhere. Eventually, they will slowdown gradually or die out suddenly. Gladwell shows how these changes happen not gradually but at one dramatic moment. Gladwell identifies three type s of people who are influential in the development of these kinds of social epidemics. Connectors are people in a community who have wide social circles. They know a lot of people and like to introduce people to catch other. The people they know also tend to come from a variety of social, cultural professional and economic circles. Mavens are people with a lot of knowledge or experts in a particular field. They wish to pass on their knowledge to others. Mavens collect and gather information so are the first to pick up on new trends. Salesmen are people with charisma (人格魅力) and powerful negotiation skills. They have a soft influence over people rather than actual power. This means they are influential because people want to imitate them. Overall, Gladwell’s book is a thought-provoking read for anyone interested in the origins of trends. What’s more, he writes in a clear style so even the most difficult ideas are easy to understand. 32．According to Gladwell, which of the following is a similarity between trends and epidemics? A．Both of them start from nowhere. B．Both of them die out in a short time. C．Both of them become popular overnight. D．Both of them change the way people think. 33．What can be concluded from the passage about The Tipping Point? A．It is the writers first book to touch on social phenomena. B．It is intended to introduce the trends that once took over. C．It deals with the ideas that most people identify with. D．It explores how a trend originates and spreads. 34．The passage is most likely to be ______. A．an advertisement B．a review C．a news report D．a feature story 35．Salesmen work in the development of trends by means of ______. A．people’s intention to follow them B．the way they gather information C．their professional knowledge D．their influence on the trends ①The world’s heaviest snake has been hiding a big secret. ② According to a study published today in the open-access journal MDPI Diversity, the animal known as the green anaconda, or Eunectes murinus, is actually two genetically distinct species, despite each species looking so similar that even experts can’t tell them apart. ③“Genetically, the differences are massive,” says Bryan Fry, a National Geographic Explorer, biologist at the University of Queensland in Australia, and coauthor of the new study. “They’re five-and-a-half percent different, genetically. Now, to put that into context, we’re about two percent different from chimps,” he says. ④ To make the shocking discovery, Fry and his coauthors collected blood and tissue samples from green anacondas in Ecuador, Venezuela, and Brazil.The study authors also examined each animal closely to count scales and look for other physical traits that could signal an evolutionary difference. After running the genetic data, they found a clear divide between anacondas sampled in the northern part of the range as opposed to those in the south. And based on those findings, they propose renaming the snakes found in the north as the northern green anaconda (Eunectes akayima), while E. murinus will continue to refer to southern green anacondas. ⑤Fry says his jaw dropped when the analyses completed. “I didn’t expect that level of difference,” he says. “It’s just mind-blowing. We were all of us very much doing happy dances.” ⑥While it may seem like splitting hairs to re-classify two populations of snakes that look identical to one another, Fry emphasizes how important such delineations can be for understanding the threats posed to these creatures. Right now, the International Union for Conservation of Nature classifies the green anaconda as a species of least concern when it comes to extinction risk, but this classification is based, in part, on how widely distributed a species is. “It’s important, because the newly described northern green anaconda has a much smaller range than the southern, and so that means it’s much more vulnerable,” says Fry. ⑦Working with giant snakes isn’t easy. The fact that anacondas are massive, powerful predators is just one reason the animals haven’t been more closely studied. However, more work of this kind may be needed to understand how the northern and southern green anacondas started separate evolutionary tracks. After all, the two species appear to coexist in French Guiana, even as close as being found on opposite riverbanks, says Fry. And yet, there’s no evidence of interbreeding in their genetics. 36．W'hy did the author mention “we’re about two percent different from chimps” in paragraph 3? A．To show how genetically different green anacondas are. B．To show how distant we humans are from green anacondas. C．To show how similar green anacondas are in appearance. D．To show how hard it is for experts to tell green anacondas apart. 37．Based on the context, what does the underlined word “delineations” in paragraph 6 mean? A．similarity B．conservation C．classification D．extinction 38．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Experts suggest continuing to refer to the northern green anacondas as Eunectes murinus. B．Experts are sure of how green anacondas started different evolutionary tracks. C．The classification of green anacondas helps arouse awareness of its protection. D．The two species of green anacondas once interbred in their genetics when living close. 39．Which is the best title of the passage? A．Eunectes akayima: splitting hairs B．Eunectes murinus: the world’s heaviest snake C．Northern green anaconda: a newly found species D．Green anacondas: two genetically different species The clothes we choose to wear serve as an access to our cultural heritage, societal standing, and personal inclinations. Let us embark on a captivating journey through the myriad (迷宫) of clothing across various cultures. In Western realms, a leisure attitude towards attire dominates daily life. Informal ensembles (全套服装) featuring jeans, T-shirts, and sneakers reign supreme, embodying a principal of comfort and ease. The blend of casual and laid-back styles in Western fashion reflects a society that values practicality and self-expression. This approach to clothing allows individuals to effortlessly stay in comfort with personal style, creating a harmonious balance between ease and individuality in their everyday wardrobes. Conversely, traditional attire in Asian emphasizes formality and conservatism. For instance, in Japan, where the ceremonial kimonos dominate special events or festivities, featuring intricate designs and vibrant hues, a rich cultural legacy woven into the fabric. India’s sarees mirror a vibrant mosaic influenced by regional traditions and ceremonial customs. The timeless elegance of sarees draping women in a swath of fabric represents a tapestry of colors and patterns that narrate stories of female individuality hidden under the nationwide cover. In some Middle Eastern countries like Saudi Arabia, women gracefully envelop themselves in abayas, long black robes that enshroud their forms entirely. This strict dress code, steeped in the rules of religious faith and cultural morals, conveys values of female modesty and respect for males. Traditional attire for Middle Eastern men includes garments such as thobes or dishdashas, which are long, loose-fitting robes typically worn with a head covering. These garments are not only practical for the region’s climate but also reflect the wearer’s background, social status, and personal preferences. Across diverse African residences, clothing emerges as a canvas for expressing cultural underpinnings and heritage. The vibrant hues and intricate patterns decorating traditional garments like dashiki s or kaftans resonate with the boundless creativity and diversity inherent in African cultures. In native communities, attire transcends its utilitarian purpose, emerging as a channel to nature and spirituality. At its essence, clothing transcends me re fabric and stitches; it embodies our cultural ethos, traditions, and identities. Delving into the diverse sartorial landscapes across cultures enables us to embrace and celebrate the tapestry of our shared global community in all its richness and diversity. 40．What account for Westerners’ leisure attitude towards dressing? A．respect for authority and formality B．justification of staying different C．pressure from busy daily routines D．emphasis of practicality and personality 41．How do traditional garments like kimonos and sarees reflect the cultural values of Asian countries? A．They reflect traditionalism and hidden individuality B．They reveal the challenge to expression of personality C．They show the denial female charm on a social scale D．They represent the refusal of sticking to formality 42．What’s the difference in dress code for women and men in Middle Eastern countries like Saudi Arabia? A．Women wear long clothes for warmth while men do this to protect against sunshine B．Women wear loose clothes for the sake of comfortableness while men seldom do this C．Women cover themselves to show humility while men do this to show status D．Women envelop themselves to stay elegant while men do this to be handsome 43．Which of the following piece of clothes best represents a typical African one? A． B． C． D． 1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年高一下学期期末考点大串讲（上海） 专题05 阅读理解应用文+说明文题精选12篇 01 Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. 【来源】上海市华东师范大学第一附属中学2023-2024学年高一下期期终考试英语试卷 Our library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment. Zones The library is divided into different zones. The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer. The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs. The ground floor is the zone where you can talk. Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work. Computers You can use your own computer to connect to the wi-fi specially prepared for notebook computers; you can also use library computers, which contain the most commonly used applications, such as Microsoft Office. They are situated (位于) in the area known as the Experimental Field on the ground floor. Group-study places If you want to discuss freely without disturbing others, you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor. Some study rooms are for 2-3 people and others can hold up to 6-8 people. All rooms are marked on the library maps. There are 40 group-study rooms that must be booked via the website. To book, you need an active University account and a valid University card. You can use a room three hours per day, nine hours at most per week. Storage of Study Material The library has lockers for students to store course literature. When you have got at least 40 credits (学分), you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year’s rental period. Rules to be Followed Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library. Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls. Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you. 1．What can students do on the upper floor of the library? A．Chat at the table. B．Have group discussion. C．Relax themselves. D．Read attentively. 2．What is required if you want to reserve a group-study room? A．The application form. B．The marked library map. C．An active school account. D．The topic of the discussion. 3．How can a student rent a locker? A．By booking in advance. B．By attending enough courses. C．By paying the rental fee. D．By earning the required credits. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了图书馆的不同分区。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer.( 楼上是一个安静的区域，有一千多个安静阅读的地方，你可以坐在那里用自己的电脑工作。) ”可知，在图书馆楼上，学生们可以专心阅读，故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三个标题下的第二段中“There are 40 group-study rooms that must be booked via the website. To book, you need an active University account and a valid University card.( 有40间集体自习室必须通过网站预订。要预订，您需要一个有效的大学账户和一张有效的大学卡。) ”可知，预定小组 学习室需要有效的大学账户，故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四个标题下“The library has lockers for students to store course literature. When you have got at least 40 credits(学分), you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year’s rental period.(图书馆有储物柜供学生存放课程资料。当你至少有40个学分时，你可以租一个储物柜，并支付400瑞典克朗的一年租金。) ”可知，学生想要租赁储物柜，要先获得足够的学分，故选D项。 02 Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. 【来源】上海市建平中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末教学质量检测英语试题 Is Light Dairy Better? There are always two choices on the shelf when we reach for the milk, cheese or yoghurt: normal or light. Less fat is better, right? But what about the goodness that can be found in dairy — Is it all there in the reduced-fat version? Five experts from various fields were asked if light dairy products were better for our health. Here are their detailed responses Caryl Nowson, Nutritionist Switching from full-fat dairy products to low-fat reduces energy intake, thereby preventing weight gain as well as reducing saturated fat (饱和脂肪) intake. Consumption of saturated fat raises cholesterol (胆固醇) levels in the blood, which increases the risk of heart disease. So reducing saturated fat intake can assist in reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke. Malcolm Riley, Epidemiologist Light dairy products are great for people who want to lower their fat intake. They contain most of the nutritional benefits that can be found in full-fat dairy foods, despite containing 25 percent to 100 percent less fat than their regular dairy food equivalents. However, it is important to note that light dairy foods may be higher in some other nutrients, such as sugar. It always pays to read the nutrition tag and the ingredients list carefully. Nicholas Fuller, Obesity Researcher Both full-fat and low-fat dairy foods have the same benefits for our heart health. The most important thing is that a person includes dairy products in their diet, or suitable dairy-free alternatives that are calcium-enriched (富含钙质的), such as soy. Until we know for sure the effect of full-fat versus low-fat dairy on our weight and waistlines, people should stick with low-fat products as part of their daily eating plan. Evangeline Mantzioris, Food Scientist A recent study which followed people for 22 years found no negative link between heart health and dairy consumption — whether it is full-fat or low-fat dairy. So currently the evidence suggests that light dairy makes no difference in terms of our risk of heart disease and early death. For those who seek to manage their weight, the difference in energy intake may have a significant impact on their success. Robyn Delbridge, Dietitian Light dairy foods are not necessarily better than full-fat dairy foods. Overall, evidence supports the conclusion that dairy foods, regardless of fat content, involve a low risk of the potential harmful effects of high blood pressure. Fermented (发酵的) dairy such as yoghurt and cheese may be beneficial for heart health. The choice of full-fat versus that of low-fat foods should be made based on your whole diet pattern. 4．According to the article, ____ out of the five experts believed that light dairy products were better for our health. A．one B．two C．three D．four 5．According to the article, ________ and ________ hold contrary opinions about the relationship between dairy products and heart health. A．Caryl Nowson ... Nicholas Fuller B．Nicholas Fuller ... Robyn Delbridge C．Caryl Nowson ... Evangeline Mantzioris D．Malcolm Riley ... Evangeline Mantzioris 6．What can we infer from the article? A．Nicholas Fuller recommended that we eat more soy than dairy. B．Evangeline Mantzioris suggested that dieters stay away from full-fat foods. C．Robyn Delbridge believed that people cannot benefit from full-fat products. D．Malcolm Riley believed that all kinds of low-fat dairy products could help people stay fit. 【答案】4．B 5．C 6．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章就轻乳制品是否对我们健康更好让来自不同领域的五位专家陈述自己观点。 4．细节理解题。由Caryl Nowson, Nutritionist中“Switching from full-fat dairy products to low-fat reduces energy intake, thereby preventing weight gain as well as reducing saturated fat (饱和脂肪) intake. (从全脂乳制品转向低脂乳制品可以减少能量摄入，从而防止体重增加并减少饱和脂肪摄入。)”以及Malcolm Riley, Epidemiologist中“Light dairy products are great for people who want to lower their fat intake. They contain most of the nutritional benefits that can be found in full-fat dairy foods, despite containing 25 percent to 100 percent less fat than their regular dairy food equivalents. However, it is important to note that light dairy foods may be higher in some other nutrients, such as sugar. It always pays to read the nutrition tag and the ingredients list carefully.(轻质乳制品非常适合那些想减少脂肪摄入的人。它们含有全脂乳制品中的大部分营养价值，尽管其脂肪含量比普通乳制品低25%至100%。然而，值得注意的是，轻质乳制品可能含有更多的其他营养素，如糖。仔细阅读营养标签和配料表总是值得的。)”以及其他第三个专家内容可知，只有Caryl Nowson和Malcolm Riley相信轻质乳制品对我们的健康更好。故选B项。 5．细节理解题。由Caryl Nowson, Nutritionist中“Switching from full-fat dairy products to low-fat reduces energy intake, thereby preventing weight gain as well as reducing saturated fat (饱和脂肪) intake. Consumption of saturated fat raises cholesterol (胆固醇) levels in the blood, which increases the risk of heart disease. So reducing saturated fat intake can assist in reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke.(从全脂乳制品转向低脂乳制品可以减少能量摄入，从而防止体重增加并减少饱和脂肪摄入。摄入饱和脂肪会提高血液中的胆固醇水平，从而增加患心脏病的风险。因此，减少饱和脂肪的摄入有助于降低患心脏病和中风的风险。)”和Evangeline Mantzioris, Food Scientist中“A recent study which followed people for 22 years found no negative link between heart health and dairy consumption — whether it is full-fat or low-fat dairy. So currently the evidence suggests that light dairy makes no difference in terms of our risk of heart disease and early death. For those who seek to manage their weight, the difference in energy intake may have a significant impact on their success.(最近一项对人们进行了22年跟踪调查的研究发现，心脏健康与乳制品消费之间没有负面联系，无论是全脂还是低脂乳制品。因此，目前的证据表明，轻度乳制品对我们患心脏病和早逝的风险没有影响。对于那些试图控制体重的人来说，能量摄入的差异可能会对他们的成功产生重大影响。)”可知，Caryl Nowson与Evangeline Mantzioris对乳制品与心脏健康的关系持相反意见。故选C项。 6．推理判断题。由Evangeline Mantzioris, Food Scientist中“For those who seek to manage their weight, the difference in energy intake may have a significant impact on their success.(对于那些试图控制体重的人来说，能量摄入的差异可能会对他们的成功产生重大影响。)”可知，Evangeline Mantzoris建议节食者远离全脂食物。故选B项。 03 Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. 【来源】上海市上海交通大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试卷 In the quest for radiant and youthful skin, many people turn to cosmetic products and treatments. However, nature provides us with a bounty of ingredients that can work wonders for our skin without the need for harsh chemicals or invasive procedures. Incorporating food-based ingredients into your skincare routine can be a delicious and effective way to nourish and pamper your skin. Milk is not just a staple in our diets; it also has skincare benefits. Rich in proteins and lipids (油脂), milk helps the skin retain water, keeping it moist and supple, if drunk regularly. However, you can’s add milk into homemade face masks for a hydrating boost, because it might cause skin allergy (过敏) due to the rich nutrition which can’t be absorbed by skin. Olive oil, a Mediterranean staple, is not only great for cooking but also for moisturizing the skin, making the it silky and smooth. While olive oil is an excellent moisturizer, it’s best to use products containing olive oil on the arms and legs rather than the face to avoid clogging pores. Grapes are not only a delicious snack but also a mild source of antioxidants, providing anti-aging protection by combating free radicals (自由基) which can cause damage to the skin. Adding grapes to your diet or skincare routine can help promote a more youthful complexion. Papaya, thanks to its enzyme papain, can help to dissolve pore-blocking debris and slough off dead skin cells, revealing a smoother and brighter complexion. However, individuals with sensitive skin or a papaya allergy should proceed with caution. Strawberries are not just sweet and juicy; they can also help calm redness. The antioxidants in strawberries work to even out skin tone and improve the overall texture of the skin, making it appear more uniform and clear. However, individuals with berry allergies should steer clear of strawberry-based products. Honey helps to lock in moisture and alleviate dry patches, leaving the skin soft and hydrated. However, those with acne-prone skin should use honey-based products sparingly, as they may be too rich and potentially pore-clogging. Therefore, use honey in moderation and choose products with lighter formulas. Tangerines are packed with fruit acids that help exfoliate (去屑) the skin, promoting a smoother and more radiant complexion. Skincare products containing citrus ingredients can help slough off dead skin cells and reveal a fresh layer of skin underneath. Incorporating these food-based ingredients into your skincare routine can provide numerous benefits for your skin, from hydration and exfoliation to antioxidant protection and anti-aging benefits. By harnessing the power of nature’s bounty, you can achieve healthy, glowing skin without the need for harsh chemicals or invasive treatments. So next time you’re in the kitchen, consider reaching for these natural ingredients to nourish and pamper your skin from the inside out. Your skin will thank you for it! 7．To keep skin moist, we can resort to some natural products except __________. A．milk B．olive oil C．honey D．tangerine 8．For an berry-allergic old lady with sensitive skin condition, you’d better recommend __________ to be involved in her diet and daily skincare to help her preserve youth. A．milk B．papaya C．grapes D．strawberries 9．The passage can probably be targeted at ____________________. A．owners of fruit shops who wants to promote sales B．customers in supermarket who are searching for fruits C．women who wants to become beautiful and healthy D．chefs who are particular about food ingredients 【答案】7．D 8．C 9．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何利用食物成分改善皮肤护理效果，包括牛奶保湿、橄榄油滋润、葡萄抗氧化、木瓜去角质、草莓舒缓红肿、蜂蜜保湿和橘子去屑，强调天然成分的优势和健康护肤的重要性。 7．细节理解题。根据表格第一行的“Rich in proteins and lipids (油脂), milk helps the skin retain water, keeping it moist and supple, if drunk regularly. (牛奶富含蛋白质和脂质，如果经常饮用，可以帮助皮肤保持水分，保持皮肤湿润和柔软。)”和表格第二行的“While olive oil is an excellent moisturizer, it’s best to use products containing olive oil on the arms and legs rather than the face to avoid clogging pores.(虽然橄榄油是一种极好的保湿剂，但最好将含有橄榄油的产品用在胳膊和腿上，而不是脸上，以避免堵塞毛孔。)”和表格第六行的“Honey helps to lock in moisture and alleviate dry patches, leaving the skin soft and hydrated.(蜂蜜有助于锁住水分，缓解皮肤干燥，使皮肤柔软、水润。)”和表格第七行的“Tangerines are packed with fruit acids that help exfoliate the skin, promoting a smoother and more radiant complexion.(橘子富含果酸，可以帮助皮肤去角质，促进皮肤更光滑、更有光泽。含有柑橘类成分的护肤品可以帮助去除死皮细胞，让皮肤下面呈现出一层新鲜的皮肤。)”可知， 文中提到了橘子的去角质特性，因为它含有果酸，可以使皮肤更光滑、更有光泽。然而，与牛奶、橄榄油和蜂蜜相比，橘子通常不专门用于保湿目的，而牛奶、橄榄油和蜂蜜则以其对皮肤的保湿和补水功效而闻名。因此，橘子不适合用于保持皮肤水分。故选D。 8．细节理解题。根据表格第一行的“However, you can’s add milk into homemade face masks for a hydrating boost, because it might cause skin allergy due to the rich nutrition which can’t be absorbed by skin.(然而，你不能在自制的面膜中加入牛奶来补水，因为它可能会导致皮肤过敏，因为丰富的营养不能被皮肤吸收。) ”和表格第四行的“However, individuals with sensitive skin or a papaya allergy should proceed with caution.(然而，皮肤敏感或对木瓜过敏的人应该谨慎行事。) ”和表格第五行的“However, individuals with berry allergies should steer clear of strawberry-based products.(然而，对浆果过敏的人应该避开草莓类产品。) ”可知，牛奶、木瓜和草莓对于一个对浆果过敏、皮肤敏感的老太太来说都不合适，再由表格第三行的“Grapes are not only a delicious snack but also a mild source of antioxidants, providing anti-aging protection by combating free radicals which can cause damage to the skin. Adding grapes to your diet or skincare routine can help promote a more youthful complexion.(葡萄不仅是一种美味的零食，也是一种温和的抗氧化剂来源，通过对抗自由基提供抗衰老保护，自由基会对皮肤造成损害。在你的饮食或护肤中加入葡萄可以帮助你拥有更年轻的肤色。) ”可知，葡萄可以添加到她的饮食和日常护肤中，帮助她保持年轻。故选C。 9．推理判断题。根据第一段的“In the quest for radiant and youthful skin, many people turn to cosmetic products and treatments. However, nature provides us with a bounty of ingredients that can work wonders for our skin without the need for harsh chemicals or invasive procedures. Incorporating food-based ingredients into your skincare routine can be a delicious and effective way to nourish and pamper your skin.(为了获得容光焕发和年轻的皮肤，许多人转向化妆品和治疗。然而，大自然为我们提供了大量的成分，可以为我们的皮肤创造奇迹，而不需要刺激性的化学物质或侵入性的程序。在日常护肤中加入食物成分是一种既美味又有效的滋养和呵护皮肤的方法。)”和最后一段的“Incorporating these food-based ingredients into your skincare routine can provide numerous benefits for your skin, from hydration and exfoliation to antioxidant protection and anti-aging benefits. By harnessing the power of nature’s bounty, you can achieve healthy, glowing skin without the need for harsh chemicals or invasive treatments. So next time you’re in the kitchen, consider reaching for these natural ingredients to nourish and pamper your skin from the inside out. Your skin will thank you for it!(将这些食物成分加入你的护肤程序中可以为你的皮肤提供许多好处，从补水和去角质到抗氧化保护和抗衰老。利用大自然的恩赐，你可以获得健康、容光焕发的皮肤，而不需要刺激性的化学物质或侵入性的治疗。所以下次你在厨房的时候，考虑使用这些天然成分，从内到外滋养和呵护你的皮肤。你的皮肤会感谢你的！)”可知，从牛奶、橄榄油、葡萄、木瓜、草莓、蜂蜜和橘子等食品中提取的天然护肤成分对皮肤补水、抗衰老、去角质和整体皮肤健康的好处，目标受众可能对自然的方法感兴趣，而不是诉诸刺激性化学物质或侵入性治疗，因此这篇文章针对的是那些想要变得美丽和健康的女性。故选C。 04 Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. 【来源】上海市上海市闵行区六校2023-2024学年高一下学期6月期末联考英语试题 Read the text below. Is your supermarket plan similar to this? ●Fruit and vegetables are normally close to the entrance. This makes people think they are going into an open-air market and makes them feel positive. ●Stores are usually decorated in colors that make people feel healthy and happy. All the supermarkets belonging to one company have the same colors to make people feel at home. ●A person blinks(眨眼) an average of 32 times a minute. US research has shown that a certain type of lighting can reduce this to 14 times a minute. This can make customers feel sleepy, and they then buy more goods. ●Goods placed at the end of an aisle (走廊) often sell five times more than those placed in the middle of the aisle. Stores often move goods that they particularly want to sell, such as those nearing their sell-by date, to these sites. ●Most shoppers buy bread, so the bakery counter is situated as far away from the entrance as possible. Customers will have to walk past hundreds of other products to reach it. ●Drinks are usually located near the exit. Supermarkets hope that customers will buy because they are in a good mood as they finish their shopping experience. ●Silence makes shoppers feel uncomfortable. Supermarkets like to make sure that there is quite a lot of pleasant background noise. ●Security cameras are not just for catching shoplifters. Supermarkets also follow a few shoppers through the shop so that they can observe what routes people take. This information helps them to rearrange their products to appeal to more customers. 10．What is the passage mainly about? A．Why supermarket plans are similar to each other. B．What factors contribute to supermarkets’ success. C．Why some supermarkets appeal to more customers. D．What supermarkets do to encourage customers to buy more. 11．Why are goods that near their sell-by date placed at the end of an aisle? A．They are more likely to be sold there. B．They may give shoppers a bad feeling. C．They are less attractive than other products. D．They are what supermarkets want to give up. 12．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．Shoppers like carrying vegetables around the supermarket. B．Cameras are used to improve the supermarkets' layout. C．Lighting in supermarkets helps shoppers to stay alert. D．Background noise will make shoppers sleepy. 【答案】10．D 11．A 12．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了超市如何通过各种策略来吸引顾客购买更多的商品。 10．主旨大意题。通读全文以及根据“●Fruit and vegetables are normally close to the entrance. This makes people think they are going into an open-air market and makes them feel positive.●Stores are usually decorated in colors that make people feel healthy and happy. All the supermarkets belonging to one company have the same colors to make people feel at home.”（水果和蔬菜通常放在靠近入口的地方。这让人们觉得他们进入了一个露天市场，让他们感觉很积极。商店通常用使人感到健康和快乐的颜色来装饰。同一公司旗下所有超市的颜色都是一样的，让人有宾至如归的感觉。）以 及 下 文 更 多 的 介 绍 可 知 ，短文主要讲述了超市如何通过各种策略来吸引顾客购买更多的商品。故选D。 11．推理判断题。根据文章“Goods placed at the end of an aisle (走廊) often sell five times more than those placed in the middle of the aisle. Stores often move goods that they particularly want to sell, such as those nearing their sell-by date, to these sites.”（放置在通道末端的商品通常比放置在通道中间的商品卖得多五倍。商店经常将他们特别想卖的商品，比如那些接近保质期的商品，移到这些地方。）可推知，接近保质期的商品被放在走廊的尽头是因为它们在那里更有可能被卖出，故选A。 12．细节理解题。根据文章 “Supermarkets also follow a few shoppers through the shop so that they can observe what routes people take. This information helps them to rearrange their products to appeal to more customers.”（超市摄像头也会跟踪一些顾客，以便观察人们走的路线。这些信息帮助他们重新排列商品以吸引更多的顾客。）可推知，摄像头被用来改进超市的布局，故选B。 05 Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. 【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试卷 January issue: Rocket ScienceIt’s all systems go for 2024! Join AQUILA for this exciting issue as we discover Newton’s laws of motion, and the maths behind the Moon landings. PLUS: meet the wannabe spacemen of the ancient world and see how the ‘space race’ excited and inspired 20th-century designers and artists. ★BIG IDEAS for 8-12 year-olds ★Challenging Reading & Puzzles ★Teachers & Parents love AQUILA AQUILA Magazine is perfect for inquisitive children, and it has a great line-up of intelligent articles you will probably want to read yourself. From Rocket Science to The Story of Humankind, this advanced and philosophical publication introduces young readers to a thought-provoking mix of Science, Arts and General Knowledge. What’s special about AQUILA? AQUILA is not like any magazine you will find on the newsstand-it is more like a club for inquisitive kids. They will soon discover a community of other youngsters just like them-kind, creative and curious. Every issue is a pleasing combination of challenge and fun; readers can explore advanced concepts beyond the range of the school classroom and build strong foundations for their future education. What’s inside? AQUILA takes an in-depth look at a new topic every month; the editorial is both witty and intelligent, with articles written and researched by educational specialists. Each issue is beautifully illustrated with diagrams, photos and contemporary artworks. SUBSCRIBE NOW □€55 Annual Subscription Europe €60 World €70 Purchaser’s Name & Address _________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Postcode: ________________   Phone Number: ________________ Card No. ____________/____________/____________/____________ Expiry date: __________/__________   Security code: __________ Alternatively, mail cheque payable to AQUILA．Post completed coupon to: AQUILA, 67A Willowfield Road, Eastbourne BN22 8AP Child’s name _________________ Delivery address (if different) ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ Postcode ______________________ □Start ASAP □Birthday Gift Birthday date __________________ Gift message (20 words max) _____ ______________________________ ______________________________ More subscription options: www.AQUILA．co.uk   TEL: 01323431313 13．The distinctive feature of AQUILA is that it offers readers __________. A．inspiring ideas of mankind B．a sense of belonging C．articles with beautiful illustration D．knowledge routinely taught in schools 14．Which of the following is TRUE concerning AQUILA’s content? A．Editors’ views are presented in a serious manner. B．It deals primarily with technological breakthrough. C．Its content is closely linked to school curriculums. D．One can view online some of AQUILA’s content. 15．What can we learn from the leaflet? A．AQUILA is mainly intended for teenagers. B．Subscription for a year cost an Asian €70. C．Long gift messages may lead to extra charge. D．Payment can only be made via bank card. 【答案】13．B 14．D 15．B 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一本名为AQUILA的杂志，它专为8-12岁的好奇儿童设计，内容涵盖科学、艺术和常识等，旨在激发他们的思考和探索。 13．推理判断题。根据文中“AQUILA is not like any magazine you will find on the newsstand-it is more like a club for inquisitive kids. They will soon discover a community of other youngsters just like them-kind, creative and curious(AQUILA不同于你在报摊上找到的任何杂志，它更像是一个好奇孩子的俱乐部。他们很快就会发现一个由和他们一样的孩子组成的社区——善良、有创造力且充满好奇心)”可知，AQUILA不仅仅是一本杂志，更像是一个俱乐部，可推理出，它为好奇的孩子们提供了一个归属感强烈的社区。故选B。 14．细节理解题。根据右边方框中下面椭圆形图片中“see samples online(在网上查看样本)”可知，AQUILA的部分内容可能在线上提供，供订阅者查看。故选D。 15．细节理解题。根据“SUBSCRIBE NOW(现在订阅)”部分的“€70 World(世界上其他国家70欧元)”可知，一年的订阅费用在世界范围内是70欧元。故选B。 06 Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. 【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学国际部2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试卷 Many scientists are making greater effort to study ocean currents (洋流) for the moment. Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment. However, ocean expert Curtis Esmeyer does it in a special way — by studying movements of random floating garbage. A scientist with many years' experience, he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States. There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear. Esmeyer found out in his researches that the shoes — about 60,000 in total — fell into the ocean in a shipping accident. He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back. As expected, the company told him that they didn't. Esmeyer realized this could be a great experiment. If he learned when and where the shoes went into the water and tracked where they landed, he could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents. The Pacific Northwest is one of the world's best areas for beachcombing (海滩搜寻) because winds and currents join here, and as a result, there is a group of serious beachcombers in the area. Esmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed. In a year he collected reliable information on 1,600 shoes. With this data, he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents, and publish the findings of their study. As the result of his work, Esmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean. He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts, with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand. They have recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves. 16．The underlined phrase swap meets in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______. A．repair rooms B．trading fairs C．business talks D．group meetings 17．Esmeyer phoned the shoe company to find out ______. A．what caused the shipping accident B．when and where the shoes went missing C．whether it was all right to use their shoes D．how much they lost in the shipping accident 18．Esmeyer is most famous for ______. A．traveling widely the coastal cities of the world B．making records for any lost objects on the sea C．running a global currents research association D．phoning about any doubtful objects on the sea 19．What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage? A．To call people's attention to ocean pollution. B．To warn people of shipping safety in the ocean. C．To explain a unique way of studying ocean currents. D．To give advice on how to search for lost objects on the beach. 【答案】16．B 17．C 18．D 19．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述海洋专家Curtis Ebbesmeyer通过一种特殊的方式来研究洋流,即通过追踪随机漂浮垃圾的运动轨迹来研究洋流。 16．词义猜测题，根据第一段划线句下文“to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear.(以试图匹配左右鞋子来出售或穿着)”可推断，有这么多的鞋，人们设立了旧物交换会尝试匹配的左、右鞋出售或穿着。可知swap meets意为贸易交换所。故选B。 17．细节理解题，根据第二段的“He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back. As expected, the company told him that they didn't. Esmeyer realized this could be a great experiment.(他打电话给鞋业公司，问他们是否想要回鞋子。不出所料，该公司告诉他，他们不要。埃斯迈耶意识到这可能是一个伟大的实验)”可知，Ebbesmeye打电话的目的是为了确定自己是否有权使用这些鞋子。故选C。 18．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“As the result of his work, Esmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean. He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts, with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand. They have recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves.(由于他的工作成果，埃斯迈耶已经成为著名的科学家，会有人打电话询问在海洋中发现的任何不寻常的漂浮物。他甚至成立了一个由海滩拾荒者和海洋专家组成的协会，从西非到新西兰，已有500名会员。他们记录了从土豆到高尔夫手套的所有失物)”可知，Ebbesmeyer已经成为一位知名科学家，一旦发现海上有不寻常的漂浮物时，人们都会打电话咨询他，故选D。 19．推理判断题，根据第一段“Many scientists are making greater effort to study ocean currents(洋流) for the moment. Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment. However, ocean expert Curtis Esmeyer does it in a special way --- by studying movements of random floating garbage.(现在科学家们正在努力研究洋流。大多数人使用卫星和其他高科技设备。然而,海洋专家Curtis Ebbesmeyer一采用种特殊的方式来研究洋流,即通过追踪随机漂浮垃圾的运动轨迹来研究洋流)”可知,作者写这篇文章的目的是阐述一种特殊的研究海洋洋流的方式。故选C。 07 Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. 【来源】上海市建平中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末教学质量检测英语试题 To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore, we must turn to a more subtle theory than “Monkey see, monkey do”. Look at it from the child’s point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do. There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to achieve his immediate goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically that such a screaming is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults award some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves. In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wished to avoid. If the pupil wants to be good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players. Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situations, imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success. 20．According to the passage, to teach a child to learn something, parents should _________. A．follow the theory of imitation B．set a good example for the child to copy C．simplify each action shown to the child D．view from the child’s perspective 21．Which of the following situation will lead a child to seek for a model? A．The child is blamed by parents for his/her wrongdoing. B．The child is in trouble and cannot figure out an approach. C．The child encounters a professional who can get the right result. D．The child comes up with a solution to an issue. 22．It can be inferred that children usually imitate people _________. A．whose actions are consistent with theirs B．who enjoy a high social status C．whose talent and skill are extraordinary D．whom they want to be shaped into 23．What is the passage mainly about? A．The factors determining children’s imitation. B．The significance of learning by imitation. C．The way children choose models. D．The reason for parenting by imitation. 【答案】20．D 21．B 22．D 23．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出，孩子并非盲目模仿，而是有选择地学习。他们倾向于模仿能带来正确结果的权威或专家，考虑社会接受度，并选择模仿看起来不错的人物。 20．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Look at it from the child’s point of view. (从孩子的角度看问题)”可知，要教孩子学东西，父母应该站在孩子的角度看问题。故选D项。 21．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do. (现在他处在一个新的环境中，缺乏现成的回应。他正在寻求一种能达到某种目的的回应。如果他对这种情况缺乏现成的回应，无法推理出该怎么做，他会观察一个似乎能够得到正确结果的榜样。孩子们会寻找权威或专家来告诉他们该怎么做)”可知，当孩子遇到困难，想不出办法时，他就会寻找一个榜样。故选B项。 22．推理判断题。根据第四段中“In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wished to avoid. (在寻找试验回应时，学习者并不是随机选择榜样的。他模仿那些看起来不错的人，而不是模仿那些他希望避免其社会地位的人)”可推知，孩子选择模仿他们想要被塑造成的人。故选D项。 23．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“Look at it from the child’s point of view. (从孩子的角度看问题)”、第三段中“There is a second element at work in this situation. (在这种情况下，还有第二个因素在起作用)”和第四段中“In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. (在寻找试验回应时，学习者并不是随机选择榜样的)”可知，文章指出传统的“模仿学习”观点过于简化，实际上孩子不会盲目模仿所有行为，为此向读者介绍了决定儿童模仿行为的因素，包括他们倾向于模仿能带来正确结果的权威或专家，考虑社会接受度，并选择模仿看起来不错的人物。故选A项。 08 Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. 【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试卷 Buying organic (有机的) food may not always be better for the planet or for human health than cheaper options grown with artificial pesticides, according to researchers. There tend to be more birds and bees on organic farms but the benefits may be cancelled out because they produce an average of 19 to 25 perent less food per acre than conventional farms. This means that more land is needed to produce the same amount of food, and land being changed for agriculture is one of the greatest threats to wildlife, researchers at the University of British Columbia said. Organic farms tend to use less energy and produce lower emissions, but “when lower organic yields are taken into account, greenhouse gas emissions might actually be higher under organic management.” The authors of the study, published in Science Advances, said: “We don’t know whether organic agriculture provides any benefits for biodiversity if lower organic yields are taken into account.” Organic farms tend to cause less nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of water systems, but the lower yields could mean that nitrogen loss per unit of food produced is higher than on conventional farms. The authors argued that in countries such as Canada, where pesticide regulations are strict and diets are rich in micronutrients, the health benefits of choosing organic might be marginal. They said organically grown food probably contained slightly more micronutrients but it was not clear whether this provided “any actual health benefits to consumers”. The team analyzed organic crop farming across 17 criteria including yield, impact on climate change, farmer livelihood and consumer health. “Organic is often proposed as a good solution to current environmental and food scarcity problems, but we found that the costs and benefits will vary heavily depending on the context,” Verena Seufert, one of the authors, said. They concluded that organic farming is not the only solution to providing a sustainable source of food for an ever-growing global population, but does have an important role to play. “We need to stop the perception of organic and conventional agriculture as two ends of the spectrum. Instead, consumers should demand better practices for both so that we can achieve the world’s food needs in a sustainable way,” Ms. Seufert said. The study, which involved a review of the scientific literature on the environmental and economic performance of organic farms, also found that they were highly dependent on animal manure (排泄物) from conventional farms and added: “It is not clear whether we would have enough organic fertilizers to feed everyone in the world with organic food” Organic food is more expensive and “therefore less accessible to consumers with low income, they said. 24．What does the study find about organic farms? A．They are less than efficient. B．They rely on wildlife species. C．They used to produce added emission. D．They use high-quality pesticides. 25．The word “marginal” (in paragraph 6) is closest in meaning to __________. A．irregular B．unlimited C．unimportant D．irrelevant 26．What can be inferred from the passage about organic agriculture? A．Its benefits are yet to be confirmed by review of scientific literature. B．It is perceived as reaching the end of its development like conventional agriculture. C．It is regarded as the opposite of conventional agriculture. D．Its drawbacks outweigh the benefits it yields in most cases. 27．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．Organic Farming: Balancing Costs and Benefits B．Organic Farming: Winner in Sustainable Agriculture C．Organic Farming: A Cost-Effective Path to a Healthier Planet D．Organic Farming: The Answer to Global Food Scarcity 【答案】24．A 25．C 26．C 27．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有机食品的优点以及其缺点。 24．细节理解题。根据第二段“There tend to be more birds and bees on organic farms but the benefits may be cancelled out because they produce an average of 19 to 25 per cent less food per acre than conventional farms. This means that more land is needed to produce the same amount of food, and land being changed for agriculture is one of the greatest threats to wildlife, researchers at the University of British Columbia said.(有机农场往往有更多的鸟类和蜜蜂，但这些好处可能会被抵消，因为它们每英亩生产的食物平均比传统农场少19%至25%。英属哥伦比亚大学的研究人员说，这意味着需要更多的土地来生产同样数量的食物，而土地被改变为农业是对野生动物的最大威胁之一)”可知，研究发现有机农场效率不高。故选A。 25．词句猜测题。根据划线词后句“They said organically grown food probably contained slightly more micronutrients but it was not clear whether this provided “any actual health benefits to consumers”.(他们表示，有机食品可能含有更少量的微量元素，但尚不清楚这是否“对消费者的健康有任何实际好处”)”可知，选择有机食品对健康的好处可能微乎其微的。所以marginal为“微小的，不重要的”之意。故选C。 26．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段““We need to stop the perception of organic and conventional agriculture as two ends of the spectrum. Instead, consumers should demand better practices for both so that we can achieve the world’s food needs in a sustainable way,” Ms. Seufert said.(“我们需要停止认为有机农业和传统农业是两个极端。相反，消费者应该要求两方面都采取更好的做法，这样我们才能以可持续的方式满足世界粮食需求，”苏弗特女士说)”可推断，有机农业被认为是传统农业的对立面。故选C。 27．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Buying organic (有机的) food may not always be better for the planet or for human health than cheaper options grown with artificial pesticides, according to researchers.(研究人员称，购买有机食品可能并不总是比使用人工杀虫剂种植的廉价食品对地球或人类健康更好)”结合文章主要介绍了有机食品的优点以及其缺点。故A选项“有机农业：平衡代价和好处”最符合文章标题。故选A。 09 Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. 【来源】上海市上海市闵行区六校2023-2024学年高一下学期6月期末联考英语试题 The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated. While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars, policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared. Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing (叫车) services. Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it. 28．What does the word “materializing” in paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．consuming fewer resources B．coming into being C．drawing people’s attention D．enjoying an advantage 29．Paragraph 3 mainly talks about . A．drivers’ improper use of self-driving cars B．the worsening traffic due to self-driving cars C．the possible bad effects of self-driving cars D．the widespread application of self-driving cars 30．What of the following best illustrates the author’s attitude towards self-driving cars? A．It remains to be seen whether self-driving cars will be safe enough. B．The future of self-driving cars is not as bright as producers think. C．We should make self-driving cars a better choice of transportation. D．Policy makers should stop giving self-driving cars permits. 31．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．Preparing cities for self-driving cars B．Self-driving cars: shared or not? C．Shall we ban self-driving cars? D．Future self-driving cars 【答案】28．B 29．C 30．C 31．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些城市开始批准自动驾驶汽车上路，并制定一些规则。文章还列举了自动驾驶汽车的一些优点和问题。 28．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream”以及后文“Well, the future is apparently now.(好吧，未来显然就是现在)”可知，上文提到自动驾驶机器人汽车的可能性常常看起来像是未来主义者的梦想，暗示距离自动驾驶机器人汽车开始在现实中存在还有很多年时间，然而如今已经实现了。故划线词意思是“开始存在”。故选B。 29．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Do we want to copy—or even worsen—the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport—an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing (叫车) services.(我们是想用无人驾驶汽车复制——甚至更糟——今天的交通状况吗?想象一下，大多数成年人拥有个人自动驾驶汽车的未来。他们可以忍受在拥挤的高速公路上漫长而缓慢的上下班旅程，因为他们可以在路上工作、娱乐或睡觉，这鼓励了城市的传播。他们开着无人驾驶汽车去约会，让空车绕着大楼转，以避免支付停车费。他们不再走几个街区去接孩子或去干洗衣服，而是派出了自动驾驶的小巴。这种便利甚至导致乘坐公共交通工具的人更少——研究人员已经在叫车服务中发现了一个不受欢迎的副作用)”可知，第3段主要讨论了自动驾驶汽车可能产生的不良影响。故选C。 30．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.(政策制定者现在应该开始考虑如何确保无人驾驶汽车的出现不会扩大我们今天汽车控制的交通系统的最坏方面。即将到来的技术进步为城市和州提供了一个发展交通系统的机会，旨在运送更多的人，更实惠。未来的汽车即将到来。我们只需要做好计划)”可知，我们应该让自动驾驶汽车成为更好的交通工具。故选C。 31．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.(今年4月，加州机动车辆管理局开始批准公司在公共道路上测试真正的自动驾驶汽车。该州还为公司出售或出租自动驾驶汽车以及公司运营无人驾驶出租车服务扫清了道路。应该指出的是，加州在这方面并没有走在前面。公司已经在全国各地的城市测试了他们的汽车。很难预测无人驾驶汽车何时会在我们的道路上随处可见。但无论需要多长时间，这项技术都有可能改变我们的交通系统和城市，是好是坏，这取决于如何监管这种转变)”结合文章主要说明了一些城市开始批准自动驾驶汽车上路，并制定一些规则。文章还列举了自动驾驶汽车的一些优点和问题。可知，A选项“让城市为自动驾驶汽车做好准备”最符合文章标题。故选A。 10 Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. 【来源】上海市闵行区上海师范大学附属中学闵行分校2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试题 In his book The Tipping Point, Canadian author Malcolm Gladwell explains how a trend can take many forms. It can be a general change in social behaviour, an idea or a fashion. However, why do some trends catch on and others not? What makes one particular brand of training shoe suddenly become the must-have product? How do people find out about trends and what makes people want to buy into them? Is it simply a question of keeping up with other people? In his new work, Gladwell explores the moment when something becomes common and how products, ideas messages and forms of behaviour spread. He looks at the reasons why trends are similar in the way they develop to outbreaks of disease, or medical epidemics. Epidemics, like trends, start in a very similar way, maybe from a single person with a virus, then spread very quickly until they take over the population and appear to be everywhere. Eventually, they will slowdown gradually or die out suddenly. Gladwell shows how these changes happen not gradually but at one dramatic moment. Gladwell identifies three type s of people who are influential in the development of these kinds of social epidemics. Connectors are people in a community who have wide social circles. They know a lot of people and like to introduce people to catch other. The people they know also tend to come from a variety of social, cultural professional and economic circles. Mavens are people with a lot of knowledge or experts in a particular field. They wish to pass on their knowledge to others. Mavens collect and gather information so are the first to pick up on new trends. Salesmen are people with charisma (人格魅力) and powerful negotiation skills. They have a soft influence over people rather than actual power. This means they are influential because people want to imitate them. Overall, Gladwell’s book is a thought-provoking read for anyone interested in the origins of trends. What’s more, he writes in a clear style so even the most difficult ideas are easy to understand. 32．According to Gladwell, which of the following is a similarity between trends and epidemics? A．Both of them start from nowhere. B．Both of them die out in a short time. C．Both of them become popular overnight. D．Both of them change the way people think. 33．What can be concluded from the passage about The Tipping Point? A．It is the writers first book to touch on social phenomena. B．It is intended to introduce the trends that once took over. C．It deals with the ideas that most people identify with. D．It explores how a trend originates and spreads. 34．The passage is most likely to be ______. A．an advertisement B．a review C．a news report D．a feature story 35．Salesmen work in the development of trends by means of ______. A．people’s intention to follow them B．the way they gather information C．their professional knowledge D．their influence on the trends 【答案】32．C 33．D 34．B 35．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。是一篇关于Malcolm Gladwell的著作《The Tipping Point》的介绍。这本书探讨了社会趋势和行为传播的方式，以及它们与流行病传播的相似之处。 32．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Epidemics, like trends, start in a very similar way, maybe from a single person with a virus, then spread very quickly until they take over the population and appear to be everywhere. Eventually, they will slowdown gradually or die out suddenly. Gladwell shows how these changes happen not gradually but at one dramatic moment.(像趋势一样，流行病以一种非常相似的方式开始，可能从一个带有病毒的单一个体开始，然后迅速传播，直到它们占据人群并似乎无处不在。最终，它们会逐渐减缓或突然消失。格拉德威尔展示了这些变化不是逐渐发生的，而是在一个戏剧性的时刻发生的)”可知，趋势和传染病的相似之处在于它们都是迅速流行起来的，都是一夜之间变得流行。故选C项。 33．推理判断题。根据第一段“In his book The Tipping Point, Canadian author Malcolm Gladwell explains how a trend can take many forms. It can be a general change in social behaviour, an idea or a fashion. However, why do some trends catch on and others not? What makes one particular brand of training shoe suddenly become the must-have product? How do people find out about trends and what makes people want to buy into them?( 在他的书《引爆点》中，加拿大作家马尔科姆·格拉德威尔解释了趋势可以采取多种形式。它可以是社会行为的一种普遍变化，一个想法或一种时尚。然而，为什么有些趋势能够流行起来，而其他的则不行？是什么让某个特定品牌的训练鞋突然成为必备产品？人们是如何发现趋势的，又是什么让人们想要购买它们？)”以及第二段“In his new work, Gladwell explores the moment when something becomes common and how products, ideas messages and forms of behaviour spread(在他的新作中，格拉德威尔探索了某事物变得普遍的时刻，以及产品、想法、信息和行为方式是如何传播的)”可知，《引爆点》这本书探讨了趋势是如何起源和传播的。故选D项。 34．推理判断题。根据第一段“In his book The Tipping Point, Canadian author Malcolm Gladwell explains how a trend can take many forms. It can be a general change in social behaviour, an idea or a fashion. However, why do some trends catch on and others not? What makes one particular brand of training shoe suddenly become the must-have product? How do people find out about trends and what makes people want to buy into them?( 在他的书《引爆点》中，加拿大作家马尔科姆·格拉德威尔解释了趋势可以采取多种形式。它可以是社会行为的一种普遍变化，一个想法或一种时尚。然而，为什么有些趋势能够流行起来，而其他的则不行？是什么让某个特定品牌的训练鞋突然成为必备产品？人们是如何发现趋势的，又是什么让人们想要购买它们？)”、第二段“In his new work, Gladwell explores the moment when something becomes common and how products, ideas messages and forms of behaviour spread(在他的新作中，格拉德威尔探索了某事物变得普遍的时刻，以及产品、想法、信息和行为方式是如何传播的)”以及最后一段“Overall, Gladwell’s book is a thought-provoking read for anyone interested in the origins of trends. What’s more, he writes in a clear style so even the most difficult ideas are easy to understand(总的来说，格拉德威尔的书是一本发人深思的作品，适合任何对趋势起源感兴趣的人阅读。更重要的是，他以清晰的风格写作，即使是最困难的想法也易于理解)”可知，文章对加拿大作家 Malcolm Gladwell 的作品《引爆点》进行了介绍和评价，包括书中的观点、内容以及作者的写作风格等，所以这篇文章最有可能是一篇书评。故选B项。 35．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Salesmen are people with charisma (人格魅力) and powerful negotiation skills. They have a soft influence over people rather than actual power. This means they are influential because people want to imitate them(销售人员是有魅力和强大谈判技巧的人。他们对人们有一种柔和的影响，而不是实际的权力。这意味着他们之所以有影响力，是因为人们想要模仿他们)”可知，销售人员通过人们想要追随他们的意愿在趋势的发展中发挥作用。故选A项。 ①The world’s heaviest snake has been hiding a big secret. ② According to a study published today in the open-access journal MDPI Diversity, the animal known as the green anaconda, or Eunectes murinus, is actually two genetically distinct species, despite each species looking so similar that even experts can’t tell them apart. ③“Genetically, the differences are massive,” says Bryan Fry, a National Geographic Explorer, biologist at the University of Queensland in Australia, and coauthor of the new study. “They’re five-and-a-half percent different, genetically. Now, to put that into context, we’re about two percent different from chimps,” he says. ④ To make the shocking discovery, Fry and his coauthors collected blood and tissue samples from green anacondas in Ecuador, Venezuela, and Brazil.The study authors also examined each animal closely to count scales and look for other physical traits that could signal an evolutionary difference. After running the genetic data, they found a clear divide between anacondas sampled in the northern part of the range as opposed to those in the south. And based on those findings, they propose renaming the snakes found in the north as the northern green anaconda (Eunectes akayima), while E. murinus will continue to refer to southern green anacondas. ⑤Fry says his jaw dropped when the analyses completed. “I didn’t expect that level of difference,” he says. “It’s just mind-blowing. We were all of us very much doing happy dances.” ⑥While it may seem like splitting hairs to re-classify two populations of snakes that look identical to one another, Fry emphasizes how important such delineations can be for understanding the threats posed to these creatures. Right now, the International Union for Conservation of Nature classifies the green anaconda as a species of least concern when it comes to extinction risk, but this classification is based, in part, on how widely distributed a species is. “It’s important, because the newly described northern green anaconda has a much smaller range than the southern, and so that means it’s much more vulnerable,” says Fry. ⑦Working with giant snakes isn’t easy. The fact that anacondas are massive, powerful predators is just one reason the animals haven’t been more closely studied. However, more work of this kind may be needed to understand how the northern and southern green anacondas started separate evolutionary tracks. After all, the two species appear to coexist in French Guiana, even as close as being found on opposite riverbanks, says Fry. And yet, there’s no evidence of interbreeding in their genetics. 36．W'hy did the author mention “we’re about two percent different from chimps” in paragraph 3? A．To show how genetically different green anacondas are. B．To show how distant we humans are from green anacondas. C．To show how similar green anacondas are in appearance. D．To show how hard it is for experts to tell green anacondas apart. 37．Based on the context, what does the underlined word “delineations” in paragraph 6 mean? A．similarity B．conservation C．classification D．extinction 38．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Experts suggest continuing to refer to the northern green anacondas as Eunectes murinus. B．Experts are sure of how green anacondas started different evolutionary tracks. C．The classification of green anacondas helps arouse awareness of its protection. D．The two species of green anacondas once interbred in their genetics when living close. 39．Which is the best title of the passage? A．Eunectes akayima: splitting hairs B．Eunectes murinus: the world’s heaviest snake C．Northern green anaconda: a newly found species D．Green anacondas: two genetically different species 【答案】36．A 37．C 38．C 39．D 【来源】上海市宝山区2023-2024学年高一下学期期末教学质量监测英语试卷 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家发现绿水蟒实际上是两个基因不同的物种，并强调了该发现的意义。 36．推理判断题。根据第三段““Genetically, the differences are massive,” says Bryan Fry, a National Geographic Explorer, biologist at the University of Queensland in Australia, and coauthor of the new study. “They’re five-and-a-half percent different, genetically. Now, to put that into context, we’re about two percent different from chimps,” he says.”（澳大利亚昆士兰大学的生物学家、国家地理探险家、这项新研究的合著者布莱恩·弗莱说:“从基因上讲，差异是巨大的。”“他们在基因上有5.5%的差异。通过以下类比可以更好地理解：我们和黑猩猩大约有2%的不同，”他说。）再结合第二段“According to a study published today in the open-access journal MDPI Diversity, the animal known as the green anaconda, or Eunectes murinus, is actually two genetically distinct species, despite each species looking so similar that even experts can’t tell them apart.”（根据今天发表在开放获取期刊MDPI多样性上的一项研究，这种被称为绿水蟒或Eunectes murinus的动物实际上是两个基因不同的物种，尽管每个物种看起来都很相似，甚至专家也无法区分它们。）可知，绿水蟒的两个物种之间的基因差异达到了5.5%，对于我们来说，可能并不清楚这个数据意味着什么，故作者以人类和黑猩猩的基因差异只有2%进行对比，是为了说明绿水蟒的基因差异是相当大的。故选A项。 37．词句猜测题。根据第六段“While it may seem like splitting hairs to re-classify two populations of snakes that look identical to one another, Fry emphasizes how important such delineations can be for understanding the threats posed to these creatures.”（虽然重新分类两种看起来一模一样的蛇似乎有点吹毛求疵，但弗莱强调，这种delineations对于理解这些生物面临的威胁是多么重要。）并结合第四段最后一句“And based on those findings, they propose renaming the snakes found in the north as the northern green anaconda (Eunectes akayima), while E. murinus will continue to refer to southern green anacondas.”（基于这些发现，他们建议将在北方发现的蛇重新命名为北方绿水蟒，而E. murinus将继续称为南方绿水蟒。）可知，此处such delineations指的就是“re-classify two populations of snakes”，即把绿水蟒分成两个基因不同的物种，故delineations应表示“分类”，与classification同义。故选C。 38．推理判断题。根据第六段“While it may seem like splitting hairs to re-classify two populations of snakes that look identical to one another, Fry emphasizes how important such delineations can be for understanding the threats posed to these creatures. Right now, the International Union for Conservation of Nature classifies the green anaconda as a species of least concern when it comes to extinction risk, but this classification is based, in part, on how widely distributed a species is. “It’s important, because the newly described northern green anaconda has a much smaller range than the southern, and so that means it’s much more vulnerable,” says Fry.”（虽然重新分类两种看起来一模一样的蛇似乎有点吹毛求疵，但弗莱强调，这种划分对于理解这些生物面临的威胁是多么重要。目前，国际自然保护联盟将绿水蟒列为灭绝风险最小的物种，但这种分类部分是基于物种的分布范围。弗莱说:“这很重要，因为新发现的北方绿水蟒的活动范围比南方绿水蟒小得多，这意味着它更容易受到攻击。”）可知，绿水蟒的重新分类有助于我们更好地理解它们面临的威胁，也有助于国际自然保护联盟根据北方绿水蟒的现实情况调整它们的灭绝风险等级，从而更好地保护它们。故绿水蟒的分类有助于唤起人们对其保护的意识。故选C项。 39．主旨大意题。根据第二段“According to a study published today in the open-access journal MDPI Diversity, the animal known as the green anaconda, or Eunectes murinus, is actually two genetically distinct species, despite each species looking so similar that even experts can’t tell them apart.”（根据今天发表在开放获取期刊MDPI多样性上的一项研究，这种被称为绿水蟒或Eunectes murinus的动物实际上是两个基因不同的物种，尽管每个物种看起来都很相似，甚至专家也无法区分它们。）再结合第四段最后一句“And based on those findings, they propose renaming the snakes found in the north as the northern green anaconda (Eunectes akayima), while E. murinus will continue to refer to southern green anacondas.”（基于这些发现，他们建议将在北方发现的蛇重新命名为北方绿水蟒，而E. murinus将继续称为南方绿水蟒。）并根据全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了科学家发现绿水蟒实际上是两个基因不同的物种，并对其进行分类及该分类的重要意义。D项“绿水蟒：两个基因不同的物种”可概括本文主旨，适合作为标题。故选D项。 The clothes we choose to wear serve as an access to our cultural heritage, societal standing, and personal inclinations. Let us embark on a captivating journey through the myriad (迷宫) of clothing across various cultures. In Western realms, a leisure attitude towards attire dominates daily life. Informal ensembles (全套服装) featuring jeans, T-shirts, and sneakers reign supreme, embodying a principal of comfort and ease. The blend of casual and laid-back styles in Western fashion reflects a society that values practicality and self-expression. This approach to clothing allows individuals to effortlessly stay in comfort with personal style, creating a harmonious balance between ease and individuality in their everyday wardrobes. Conversely, traditional attire in Asian emphasizes formality and conservatism. For instance, in Japan, where the ceremonial kimonos dominate special events or festivities, featuring intricate designs and vibrant hues, a rich cultural legacy woven into the fabric. India’s sarees mirror a vibrant mosaic influenced by regional traditions and ceremonial customs. The timeless elegance of sarees draping women in a swath of fabric represents a tapestry of colors and patterns that narrate stories of female individuality hidden under the nationwide cover. In some Middle Eastern countries like Saudi Arabia, women gracefully envelop themselves in abayas, long black robes that enshroud their forms entirely. This strict dress code, steeped in the rules of religious faith and cultural morals, conveys values of female modesty and respect for males. Traditional attire for Middle Eastern men includes garments such as thobes or dishdashas, which are long, loose-fitting robes typically worn with a head covering. These garments are not only practical for the region’s climate but also reflect the wearer’s background, social status, and personal preferences. Across diverse African residences, clothing emerges as a canvas for expressing cultural underpinnings and heritage. The vibrant hues and intricate patterns decorating traditional garments like dashiki s or kaftans resonate with the boundless creativity and diversity inherent in African cultures. In native communities, attire transcends its utilitarian purpose, emerging as a channel to nature and spirituality. At its essence, clothing transcends me re fabric and stitches; it embodies our cultural ethos, traditions, and identities. Delving into the diverse sartorial landscapes across cultures enables us to embrace and celebrate the tapestry of our shared global community in all its richness and diversity. 40．What account for Westerners’ leisure attitude towards dressing? A．respect for authority and formality B．justification of staying different C．pressure from busy daily routines D．emphasis of practicality and personality 41．How do traditional garments like kimonos and sarees reflect the cultural values of Asian countries? A．They reflect traditionalism and hidden individuality B．They reveal the challenge to expression of personality C．They show the denial female charm on a social scale D．They represent the refusal of sticking to formality 42．What’s the difference in dress code for women and men in Middle Eastern countries like Saudi Arabia? A．Women wear long clothes for warmth while men do this to protect against sunshine B．Women wear loose clothes for the sake of comfortableness while men seldom do this C．Women cover themselves to show humility while men do this to show status D．Women envelop themselves to stay elegant while men do this to be handsome 43．Which of the following piece of clothes best represents a typical African one? A． B． C． D． 【答案】40．D 41．A 42．C 43．B 【来源】上海市上海交通大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试卷 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同国家的传统服饰以及其背后所蕴含的文化价值。 40．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The blend of casual and laid-back styles in Western fashion reflects a society that values practicality and self-expression.(西方时尚中休闲与随意风格的融合，反映了一个重视实用性和自我表达的社会)”可知，西方人对穿着的休闲态度是因为强调实用性和个性。故选D。 41．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Conversely, traditional attire in Asian emphasizes formality and conservatism...The timeless elegance of sarees draping women in a swath of fabric represents a tapestry of colors and patterns that narrate stories of female individuality hidden under the nationwide cover(相反，亚洲的传统服饰强调正式和保守。……纱丽将女性裹在一大片织物上，这种永恒的优雅代表了一幅色彩和图案的挂毯，讲述了隐藏在全国范围内的女性个性故事。)”可知，像和服和莎丽这样的传统服装反映了亚洲国家的传统主义和隐藏的个性。故选A。 42．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In some Middle Eastern countries like Saudi Arabia, women gracefully envelop themselves in abayas, long black robes that enshroud their forms entirely. This strict dress code, steeped in the rules of religious faith and cultural morals, conveys values of female modesty and respect for males. Traditional attire for Middle Eastern men includes garments such as thobes or dishdashas, which are long, loose-fitting robes typically worn with a head covering. These garments are not only practical for the region’s climate but also reflect the wearer’s background, social status, and personal preferences(在一些中东国家，如沙特阿拉伯，女性优雅地身着长袍，这种黑色的长袍完全包裹着她们的身体。这种严格的着装规定深受宗教信仰和文化道德的影响，传达了女性的谦逊和对男性的尊重。中东男性的传统服饰包括长袍或迪什达沙，这是一种长而宽松的袍子，通常搭配头巾。这些服装不仅适合该地区的气候，还反映了穿着者的背景、社会地位和个人喜好)”可知，在沙特阿拉伯等中东国家，女性和男性的着装规范的不同之处在于：女性为了表示谦卑而遮盖自己，而男性则是为了显示地位。故选C。 43．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Across diverse African residences, clothing emerges as a canvas for expressing cultural underpinnings and heritage. The vibrant hues and intricate patterns decorating traditional garments like dashiki s or kaftans resonate with the boundless creativity and diversity inherent in African cultures(在非洲各地的住宅中，服装成为表达文化基础和遗产的画布。装饰传统服装如达西基裙或长袍的鲜艳色彩和复杂图案，与非洲文化中固有的无限创造力和多样性产生共鸣)”可知，非洲的传统服饰色彩鲜艳，图案复杂，因此选项B最能代表典型的非洲服饰。故选B。 1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$