专题03 完形填空 【期末必刷10篇】-2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末考点大串讲（上海）

2024-2025学年高一下学期期末考点大串讲（上海） 专题03 完形填空题精选10篇 01 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 上海市上海市闵行区六校2023-2024学年高一下学期期末联考英语试题 Fear of public speaking is the single most common phobia (恐怖症). Nearly 75% of people admit to 1 this, so you aren’t alone in your fear. It can range from slight 2 to a nearly paralyzing (瘫痪性的) fear and panic. For many people, this fear is so great that they avoid public speaking situations altogether. However, what if you can’t avoid it? What if your job requires you to speak in front of others from time to time? 3 , what if you are trying to earn a promotion? You certainly don’t want to be 4 due to an inability to speak in public. Here are a few things you can do to manage and reduce your public speaking anxiety. Practice Relaxation Techniques When you are facing an uncomfortable situation, your body automatically experiences increased 5 activity such as a fast heartbeat, difficulty breathing, and tension in your muscles. You can relax your body and reduce these 6 with a variety of techniques. Deep breathing can help you calm your body. You should practice relaxation techniques prior to any public speaking. 7 Prepare The better you know your topic, the less likely you will make a mistake. Oftentimes, the anxiety associated with public speaking comes from fear of 8 . That’s why it is so important to spend plenty of time preparing yourself. 9 yourself as much as possible with the topic so you have a thorough understanding of what you are presenting. Then, practice your speech several times so you are comfortable with the entire 10 . You should practice in front of people and ask for 11 . Not only will this help you become more confident speaking in front of others, but the feedback can help you improve your speaking skills so you become even more confident. 12 Your Worries and How You Can Conquer Them When you’re afraid of something, you may overestimate how often bad things will happen. A good exercise is to write down your 13 worries. For example, forgetting your material, losing your place, technical difficulties, a question you can’t answer, a bored audience. Once you have written down each worry, note down a(n) 14 solution for each one. Knowing you have a 15 in place should things go wrong will help you feel more secure about your presentation. 1．A．causing B．experiencing C．dominating D．spreading 2．A．distress B．forgetfulness C．injury D．nervousness 3．A．Furthermore B．Therefore C．Nevertheless D．Meanwhile 4．A．rebelled B．insulted C．dismissed D．overlooked 5．A．physiological B．beneficial C．incredible D．physical 6．A．risks B．pressures C．symptoms D．accidents 7．A．Specially B．Adequately C．Gradually D．Secretly 8．A．showing off B．running out C．messing up D．slowing down 9．A．Familiarize B．Equip C．Content D．Examine 10．A．preparation B．operation C．occasion D．presentation 11．A．success B．encouragement C．feedback D．trust 12．A．Forget B．Express C．Share D．Identify 13．A．health B．considerable C．specific D．unnecessary 14．A．easy B．probable C．fair D．technical 15．A．plan B．question C．lesson D．topic 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．D 11．C 12．D 13．C 14．B 15．A 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。很多人在公开场合演讲会有害怕的感觉，害怕程度因人而异，文章介绍了三个有助于管理和减少公众演讲焦虑的方法。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：近75%的人承认自己有过这样的经历，所以你并不孤单。A. causing导致；B. experiencing经历；C. dominating支配；D. spreading传播。根据上文“Fear of public speaking is the single most common phobia (恐怖症). (害怕公开演讲是最常见的恐惧症)”，以及后一句“It can range from slight 　　　2　　　 to a nearly paralyzing (瘫痪性的) fear and panic. (它可以是轻微的紧张，也可以是近乎瘫痪的恐惧和恐慌。)”可知，在公开场合演讲会有害怕的感觉，75%的人经历过，但各自的害怕程度不一。experiencing符合语境。故选B项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它可以是轻微的紧张，也可以是近乎瘫痪的恐惧和恐慌。A. distress忧虑；B. forgetfulness健忘；C. injury受伤；D. nervousness紧张。根据上文“Nearly 75% of people admit to 　　　1　　　 this, so you aren’t alone in your fear. (近75%的人承认自己有过这样的经历，所以你并不孤单。)”可知，很多人会对在公开场合演讲这事感觉害怕，每个人的害怕程度因人而异，有的人只是有一点点紧张的，有的则紧张得无法动弹；nervousness符合语境。故选D项。 3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，如果你想获得晋升呢？A. Furthermore此外，而且；B. Therefore因此；C. Nevertheless然而；D. Meanwhile同时。根据上文“However, what if you can’t avoid it? What if your job requires you to speak in front of others from time to time? (然而，如果你无法避免呢？如果你的工作需要你时不时地在别人面前讲话，你该怎么办？)”可知，你的工作需要你得时不时在公开场合演讲，furthermore，用于支持或扩展之前的陈述，要想在工作中得到晋升，就得不怕在公开场合演讲。furthermore符合语境。故选A项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你当然不想因为没有在公共场合发言的能力而被忽视。A. rebelled反叛；B. insulted侮辱；C. dismissed驳回；D. overlooked忽视，忽略。根据上文“For many people, this fear is so great that they avoid public speaking situations altogether. (对许多人来说，这种恐惧是如此之大，以至于他们完全避免公开演讲。) ”可知，很多人因为害怕，从不在公开场合演讲，这样的人没有存在感，容易被“忽视（overlooked）”。故选D项。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你面对不舒服的突发情况时，你的身体会无意识地体验到增加的生理活动，如心跳加快、呼吸困难和肌肉紧张。A. physiological生理的；B. beneficial有益的；C. incredible令人难以置信的；D. physical身体的。根据句中的“such as a fast heartbeat, difficulty breathing, and tension in your muscles”可知，心跳加速，呼吸困难，肌肉紧张都属于因为突发事件导致的人体的“生理（physiological）”变化。故选A项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可以通过各种方法放松身体，减轻这些症状。A. risks风险；B. pressures压力；C. symptoms症状；D. accidents事故。根据上文“When you are facing an uncomfortable situation, your body automatically experiences increased 　　　5　　　　 activity such as a fast heartbeat, difficulty breathing, and tension in your muscles. (当你面对不舒服的突发情况时，你的身体会无意识地体验到增加了的生理活动，如心跳加快、呼吸困难和肌肉紧张。)”可知，练习放松技巧可以使“a fast heartbeat, difficulty breathing, and tension in your muscles”这些“症状（symptoms）”减轻。故选C项。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：准备充分。A. Specially特别地；B. Adequately充分地；C. Gradually逐渐地；D. Secretly秘密地。此题考查小标题。根据下文“The better you know your topic, the less likely you will make a mistake. Oftentimes, the anxiety associated with public speaking comes from fear of 　　　8　　　. That’s why it is so important to spend plenty of time preparing yourself.”可知，要想成功演讲，要在演讲前多花时间，多多了解演讲主题，做“足（Adequately）”准备工作。故选B项。 8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：通常，与在公共场合演讲相关的焦虑来自于害怕搞砸。A. showing off炫耀；B. running out用完，耗尽；C. messing up陷入困境，搞砸；D. slowing down减速。根据前一句“The better you know your topic, the less likely you will make a mistake. (你对你的主题越了解，你犯错误的可能性就越小。)”，害怕犯错，即害怕把演讲“搞砸（messing up）”了，会导致焦虑。故选C项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽可能让自己熟悉主题，这样你就能透彻理解你要展示的内容。A. Familiarize使熟悉；B. Equip装备；C. Content使满意；D. Examine检查。根据后半句“so you have a thorough understanding of what you are presenting.”可知，透彻理解演讲内容是建立在熟悉演讲主题的基础上的。Familiarize符合语境。故选A项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，把你的演讲练习几次，这样你就会对整个演讲展示感到舒服。A. preparation准备；B. operation操作； C. occasion场合；D. presentation展示。此处指正式演讲前，你得熟悉一下演讲内容和流程，即对“整个展示（presentation）”做到心中有数。故选D项。 　　　　　　　　. 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你应该在人们面前练习并寻求反馈。A. success成功；B. encouragement鼓励；C. feedback反馈；D. trust信任。根据下文“Not only will this help you become more confident speaking in front of others, but the feedback can help you improve your speaking skills so you become even more confident. (这不仅会让你在别人面前更自信，而且反馈也可以帮助你提高你的演讲技巧，让你变得更自信。 )”，此句中的feedback为复现词，通过在别人面前试着演讲，并得以反馈。故选C项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：确定你的担忧以及如何克服它们。A. Forget忘记；B. Express表达；C. Share分享；D. Identify确认，发现。此处考查小标题。根据下文“Once you have written down each worry, note down a(n) 　　　14　　　 solution for each one.(一旦你写下了每一个担忧，为每一个问题写下一个可能的解决方案。)”可知，写下担忧的事，即“确认(Identify )”令你担忧的事，故选D项。 13．考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：一个很好的练习就是写下你的具体担忧。A. health健康；B. considerable相当大的；C. specific具体的；D. unnecessary不必要的。根据下文“For example, forgetting your material, losing your place, technical difficulties, a question you can’t answer, a bored audience. (例如，忘记你的材料，失去你的位置，技术困难，一个你无法回答的问题，一个无聊的观众。)”可知，这些都是“具体的（specific）”担忧。故选C项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一旦你写下了每一个担忧，为每一个问题写下一个可能的解决方案。A. easy容易的；B. probable可能的；C. fair公平的；D. technical技术的。写下的每个在演讲中担心会遇到的具体的问题，要想见招拆招，得预先拟定相应的解决措施，但也只是“可能”的解决措施，因为前文“When you’re afraid of something, you may overestimate how often bad things will happen. (当你害怕某事时，你可能会高估坏事发生的频率。)”,可能这些事都不会发生。故选B项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道自己已经有了一个计划，以防出错，这会让你对自己的演讲更有把握的。A. plan计划；B. question问题；C. lesson教训；D. topic话题。根据上文“Once you have written down each worry, note down a(n) 　　　14　　　 solution for each one. (一旦你写下了每一个担忧，为每一个问题写下一个可能的解决方案。)”可知，万一在演讲中出了岔子，每一个担忧的事，都有应对措施，即有解决这些担忧的“计划”。故选A项。 02 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市上海交通大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试卷 Like it or hate it, when Kim Kardashian wears something, people take notice. With the reality TV star wearing secondhand Azzedine Alaia to Paris fashion week, secondhand Jean Paul Gaultier to a party and a secondhand 1990s Thierry Mugler gown to an award ceremony, it 16 change is happening. Who would have thought that Kardashian --- a woman worth $350m (￡270m) --- would be making a case for sustainable fashion? As consumers become increasingly aware of the 17 impact of fashion, they are looking for a more sustainable way to shop. Could 18 secondhand be the answer？ Vintage(复古风格),it seems, is increasingly 19 . High-end boutique Browns has also just launched the label One Vintage, which uses antique textiles to create new clothes. Octavia Bradford, the womenswear buyer for Browns, says: “ 20 is the loudest conversation in fashion right now.” A study shows that, last year, 64% of women were willing to buy pre-owned pieces compared with 45% in 2016 --- and 21 , by 2022 19% of the clothes in women's wardrobes will be secondhand. Fashion circularity, a new term referring to the recycled life of clothes, is 22 to reach $51bn in five years, up from the current $24 bn, according to ThredUp's annual resale report. Stella McClure, the founder of the online shop The Stellar Boutique, has noticed a 23 . When she opened the shop 20 years ago “there was still 24 attached. But now (thankfully) The Stellar boutique is not just acceptable --- it's cool and has completely 25 the fashion trends.” she says. Apart from people’s increased 26 of sustainability, vintage fashion fits neatly into the wider mood of the Instagram age, where authenticity and originality ---not being seen in the same outfit as anyone else--- are 27 . What better ways to stand out than to wear clothes few others are likely to own? Not 28 to sit back and watch others profit from their vintage items, some luxury labels are relaunching decades-old designs from their own archives. Last year, 29 , Dior brought back its saddle bag because of the attention it was getting in the vintage fashion market. However, for some, buying vintage will never feel quite right. “It's really not my bag,” says Bates. “There are obvious 30 --- sizing isn't uniform, and you have to be careful to look for holes and rips.” 16．A．suggests B．maintains C．calculates D．advocates 17．A．cultural B．historical C．environmental D．emotional 18．A．distributing B．buying C．controlling D．decreasing 19．A．in fashion B．in effect C．out of date D．in power 20．A．Originality B．Technology C．Profit D．Sustainability 21．A．legally B．appropriately C．likely D．undoubtedly 22．A．required B．projected C．guaranteed D．warned 23．A．symptom B．field C．tradition D．shift 24．A．satisfaction B．excitement C．shame D．fascination 25．A．broken B．defined C．captured D．challenged 26．A．potential B．awareness C．lack D．power 27．A．reversed B．questioned C．ensured D．valued 28．A．considerate B．content C．stressful D．adventurous 29．A．for instance B．as a result C．by contrast D．in addition 30．A．expectations B．policies C．traps D．reminders 【答案】 16．A 17．C 18．B 19．A 20．D 21．C 22．B 23．D 24．C 25．C 26．B 27．D 28．B 29．A 30．C 【分析】这是一篇说明文。人们越来越意识到时尚对环境的影响，他们正在寻找一种可持续的着装方式，这使得复古装变得流行起来。 16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一切都表明，变化正在发生。A. suggests建议；表明；B. maintains保留；C. calculates计算；D. advocates主张。根据前文对卡戴珊穿二手服装走秀和出席活动的描述以及后文“Who would have thought that Kardashian --- a woman worth $350m (￡270m) --- would be making a case for sustainable fashion?”（谁能想到卡戴珊——一个身价3.5亿美元的女性——会为可持续时尚代言？）可知，这表明变化正在发生。故选A项。 17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着消费者越来越意识到时尚对环境的影响，他们正在寻找一种更持续的购物方式。A. cultural文化的；B. historical历史的；C. environmental环境的；D. emotional情绪的。根据后文的“they are looking for a more sustainable way to shop”他们正在寻找一种更可持续的购物方式。这说明时尚对环境产生了影响。故选C项。 18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：买二手货能解决问题？A. distributing分配；B. buying买；C. controlling控制; D. decreasing减少。根据上句“looking for a more sustainable way to shop”寻找一种更可持续的购物方式和下文secondhand二手货。可知，这里指买二手货。故选B项。 19．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：复古风似乎越来越流行。A. in fashion流行；B. in effect生效；C. out of date过时；D. in power当权。根据本空后的“High-end boutique Browns has also just launched the label One Vintage, which uses antique textiles to create new clothes. ”（高端精品店Browns也刚刚推出了品牌One Vintage，该品牌使用古色古香的纺织品来制作新衣服。）以及第5空后的“the loudest conversation in fashion right now”现在时尚界最热门的话题，可知，复古风越来越流行。故选A项。 20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：可持续发展是目前时尚界最响亮的话题。A. Originality独创性；B. Technology科技；C. Profit利润；D. Sustainability持续性。根据前文“they are looking for a more sustainable way to shop.”他们在找可持续购物的方法，这里指的是持续性。故选D项。 21．考查副词词义辨析。句意：一项研究显示，去年，64%的女性愿意购买二手衣服，而2016年的这一比例为45%，到2022年，女性衣橱里可能会有19%的衣服是二手的。A. legally合法地；B. appropriately合适地；C. likely可能地；D. undoubtedly毫无疑问地。根据“compared with 45% in 2016 ”和 “by 2022 19% of the clothes in women's wardrobes will be secondhand. ”到2022年，女性衣柜里19%的衣服将是二手的。可知，前文举出了以前的数据，后文是猜测未来的数据，所以这里表示一种推测，表示“很可能”。故选C项。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据ThredUp的年度转售报告，时装循环是一个新术语，指服装的循环使用寿命，这种服装预计在5年内达到510亿美元，高于目前的240亿美元。A. required需要；B. projected规划；C. guaranteed保证；D. warned警告。根据空后的“to reach $51bn in five years”可知，此处是说未来的价格，这是一种预测。be projected to do预计……，故选B项。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意: 网上商店The Stellar Boutique的创始人Stella注意到了这种转变。A. symptom症状；B. field领域；C. tradition传统；D. shift转变。上文说人们越来越注重服装的可持续性，而且一项研究的数据预测二手衣服在未来将变得越来越受欢迎，此处指注意到了这种转变的趋势。故选D项。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：仍然有一种羞愧感。A. satisfaction满意；B. excitement兴奋；C. shame羞愧；D. fascination魅力；入迷。根据“When she opened the shop 20 years ago”和“But now (thankfully) The Stellar boutique is not just acceptable --- it's cool and has completely 　　10　　 the fashion trends. ”但现在(谢天谢地)，一流的精品店不仅让人接受——它很酷，而且完全抓住了时尚潮流。可知，Stella当时开店的时候感到羞愧，与现在形成对比，故选C项。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它很酷，完全抓住了时尚潮流。A. broken打破；B. defined定义；C. captured捕获；D. challenged挑战。根据it's cool ”前文说这很酷，所以是抓住了时尚潮流。故选C项。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了越来越多的人开始意识到可持续之外，复古风还很好地融入了社交媒体时代更广泛的氛围，在这个时代真实性和原创性收到重视。A. potential潜能；B. awareness意识；C. lack缺少；D. power权力。根据Apart from people’s increased 　　11　　 of sustainability。可知，人们越来越重视可持续，这里指越来越多的人开始意识到可持续的重要性。故选B项。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了越来越多的人开始意识到可持续之外，复古风还很好地融入了Instagram时代更广泛的氛围，在这个时代真实性和原创性收到重视。A. reversed颠倒；B. questioned提问；C. ensured确保；D. valued重视。前文说复古风融入了时代氛围，所以是受到了人们的重视。故选D项。 28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些奢侈品牌不满足于坐视其他人从他们的复古产品中获利，他们正在重新推出自己收藏了几十年的设计。A. considerate考虑周到的；B. content满足的；C. stressful有压力的；D. adventurous冒险的。根据“watch others profit from their vintage items”看着其他人从他们的复古产品中获利，可知此处一些奢侈品牌指不满足于此。故选B项。 29．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，去年迪奥重新推出了马鞍包，因为它在复古市场上受到了关注。A. for instance例如；B. as a result结果；C. by contrast相比之下；D. in addition此外。迪奥重新推出马鞍包是奢侈品牌推出自己的复古设计的一个例子，所以是例如。故选A项。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这里有明显的陷阱，大小不一，而且，她说：“你必须非常小心地寻找洞和裂口”。A. expectations期望；B. policies政策；C. traps陷阱；D. reminders提醒。根据后文的“you have to be careful to look for holes and rips”你必须仔细寻找洞和裂口。可知，这里有明显的陷阱。故选C项。 03 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市大同中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试题 Why do so few people find fulfillment in their work? Amy Wrzesniewski, a Yale School of Management professor who studies these issues, offered an explanation that made a lot of 31 . Students, she said, “think their calling is under a rock, and if they 32 enough rocks, they will find it.” Surveys confirm that meaning is the top thing Millennials (千禧一代) say they want from a job. And yet her research shows that less than 50% of people see their work as a calling. So, many of her students are left feeling anxious, 33 , and completely unsatisfied by the good jobs and careers they do secure. What they—and many of us, I think—fail to realize is that work can be 34 even if you don’t think of it as a calling. The four most common occupations in America are retail (零售) salesperson, cashier, food preparer/server, and office clerk—jobs that aren’t typically 35 “meaning.” But all have something in common with those professions that are, such as teachers and doctors: They exist to help others. And as Adam Grant, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, has shown, people who see their work as a form of 36 always rank their jobs as more meaningful. That means you can find meaning in nearly any role in nearly any organization. 37 , most companies create products or services to fill a need in the world, and all employees contribute in their own ways. The key is to become more conscious about the service you’re providing— 38 and personally. How? One strategy is to constantly remind yourself of your organization’s main 39 . Life Is Good is a clothing company best known for colorful T-shirts with stick-figure designs, but its mission is to spread 40 and hope throughout the world, and that’s something even storeroom employees understand. If you work for an accounting firm, you’re helping people or companies with the 41 task of doing their taxes. Each job serves a purpose in the world. Even if you can’t get excited about your company’s mission or customers, you can still adopt a service attitude by thinking about how your work 42 those you love. Consider a study of women working in a shoe factory in Mexico. Researchers found that those who described the work as dull were generally less productive than those who said it was 43 . But the effects went away for those in the former group who saw the work (however boring) as a way to support their families. With that attitude, they were just as productive and 44 as the workers who didn’t mind the task. Not everyone finds their one true calling. But that doesn’t mean we’re fated to work meaningless jobs. If we 45 our tasks as opportunities to help others, any occupation can feel more significant. 31．A．progress B．trouble C．sense D．difference 32．A．carve out B．turn over C．pile up D．keep off 33．A．frustrated B．shocked C．inspired D．excited 34．A．meaningful B．demanding C．repetitive D．challenging 35．A．distinguished from B．exposed to C．associated with D．defined as 36．A．understanding B．existing C．producing D．giving 37．A．In conclusion B．After all C．By comparison D．In addition 38．A．as a whole B．in this way C．in public D．on average 39．A．advantage B．business C．objective D．construction 40．A．optimism B．information C．designs D．strategies 41．A．unpleasant B．dangerous C．productive D．urgent 42．A．gathers B．benefits C．worries D．entertains 43．A．embarrassing B．rewarding C．rough D．temporary 44．A．relaxed B．surprised C．confused D．energized 45．A．assign B．abandon C．neglect D．reframe 【答案】 31．C 32．B 33．A 34．A 35．C 36．D 37．B 38．A 39．C 40．A 41．A 42．B 43．B 44．D 45．D 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过提出为什么很少有人能在工作中找到成就感进行研究，分析了其原因以及提出了具体怎么做的建议。研究人员发现，这主要是因为我们中的许多人都没有意识到工作可以是有意义的，我们可以在几乎任何工作的任何角色中找到工作的意义。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：耶鲁大学管理学院研究这些问题的教授Amy Wrzesniewski给出了一个有道理的解释。A. progress进步，发展；B. trouble麻烦，烦恼，故障；C. sense道理，感觉，观念；D. difference差异，不同。短语make sense讲得通，有道理，根据offered an explanation可知此处表示有道理的解释。故选C。 32．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她说，学生们“认为他们对工作的成就感还没有被挖掘出来，如果被挖掘出来，就能能找到工作的成就感。”A. carve out开拓；B. turn over把…翻过来，翻阅，移交给；C. pile up堆积，积累；D. keep off让开，不接近。根据they will find it可知此处表示要把那些岩石翻开。故选B。 33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，她的许多学生感到焦虑、沮丧，对他们所拥有的好工作和职业完全不满意。A. frustrated懊恼的，沮丧的；B. shocked震惊的；C. inspired受鼓舞的，品质优秀的；D. excited激动的。根据feeling anxious和and completely unsatisfied可知此处用沮丧的符合题意。故选A。 34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我认为，他们和我们中的许多人没有意识到，即使你认为工作是有成就感的，它也可能是有意义的。A. meaningful有意义的；B. demanding要求高的，费力的；C. repetitive    重复的；D. challenging挑战的。根据fail to realize可知此处表示工作可以是有意义的。故选A。 35．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在美国，最常见的四种职业是零售销售、收银员、食品加工者/服务员以及办公室文员，这些工作与“意义”无关。A. distinguished from区别于；B. exposed to暴露于；C. associated with与…相联系，与…有关；D. defined as界定，给…下定义。根据jobs that aren’t typically可知此处表示这些工作与“意义”无关。故选C。 36．考查动名词词义辨析。句意：正如宾夕法尼亚大学教授Adam Grant所表明的，那些把工作视为奉献的人，总是认为自己的工作更有意义。A. understanding理解；B. existing存在；C. producing生产；D. giving给予，付出，奉献。根据They exist to help others可知此处表示那些把工作视为奉献的人，总是认为自己的工作更有意义。故选D。 37．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：毕竟，大多数公司创造产品或服务来满足世界的需求，所有员工都以自己的方式做出贡献。A. In conclusion总之，最后；B. After all毕竟，终究；C. By comparison相比之下；D. In addition另外，此外。根据上文That means you can find meaning in nearly any role in nearly any organization.可知此处表示毕竟之意。故选B。 38．考查副词短语词义辨析。句意：关键是要更加意识到你所提供的服务——既是整体的又是个人的。A. as a whole总的来说；B. in this way用这种方法；C. in public公开地，当众；D. on average平均，通常。根据and personally可知此处表示既是整体的又是个人的。故选A。 39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一种策略是不断提醒自己公司的主要目标。A. advantage优势，利益；B. business生意，商业；C. objective    目的，目标；D. construction建设。根据but its mission is to spread可知此处表示不断提醒自己公司的主要目标。故选C。 40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Life Is Good是一家服装公司，最出名的是色彩鲜艳的T恤和线条设计，但它的使命是向全世界传播乐观和希望，这是连储藏室的员工都能理解的。A. optimism乐观，乐观主义；B. information知识，信息；C. designs设计；D. strategies战略策略。根据and hope throughout the world可知此处表示它的使命是向全世界传播乐观和希望。故选A。 41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你在一家会计公司工作，你就是在帮助人们或公司完成一项不愉快的税务工作。A. unpleasant使人不愉快的，讨厌的；B. dangerous危险的；C. productive生产的，多产的；D. urgent紧急的，急迫的。根据doing their taxes可知对人们或者公司而言，税务工作是不愉快的。故选A。 42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使你不能对公司的使命或客户感到兴奋，你仍然可以通过思考你的工作如何让你所爱的人受益来采取一种服务态度。A. gathers收集，集聚；B. benefits有益于；C. worries担忧；D. entertains招待，娱乐。根据those you love可知此处表示思考你的工作如何让你所爱的人受益。故选B。 43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员发现，那些认为工作枯燥的人通常比那些认为工作有益的人效率更低。A. embarrassing令人尴尬的；B. rewarding有益的，值得的；C. rough粗糙的，艰苦的；D. temporary暂时的，临时的。根据than可知此处表示两种态度的对比，由those who described the work as dull were generally less productive可知此处表示那些认为工作有益的人。故选B。 44．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有了这种态度，他们就像那些不介意任务的员工一样富有成效和精力充沛。A. relaxed放松的，自在的；B. surprised感到惊讶的；C. confused困惑的；D. energized有活力的。根据they were just as productive可知此处用有活力的符合题意。故选D。 45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们把自己的任务重新定义为帮助他人的机会，那么任何职业都会让人感觉更有意义。A. assign分配，指派；B. abandon遗弃，离开；C. neglect忽略，忽视；D. reframe全新地拟定（或表达），再构造。根据any occupation can feel more significant可知此处表示把把自己的任务重新定义。故选D。 04 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海师范大学附属中学闵行分校2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试题 Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 46 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 47 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business— 48 that the customer remains a customer. 49 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing 50 , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost. Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 51 implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 52 in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to 53 increases of between 25 and 85 per cent. In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and 54 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 55 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience). The logic behind cultivating customer 56 is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 57 them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 58 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 59 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 60 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market. 46．A．in particular B．in reality C．at least D．first of all 47．A．emphasize B．doubt C．overlook D．believe 48．A．denying B．ensuring C．arguing D．proving 49．A．Moving B．Hoping C．Starting D．Failing 50．A．markets B．tastes C．prices D．expenses 51．A．culture B．social C．financial D．economical 52．A．promise B．plan C．mistake D．difference 53．A．cost B．opportunity C．profit D．budget 54．A．as a result B．on the whole C．in conclusion D．on the contrary 55．A．huge B．potential C．extra D．reasonable 56．A．beliefs B．loyalty C．habits D．interest 57．A．altering B．understanding C．keeping D．attracting 58．A．Assumed B．Respected C．Established D．Unexpected 59．A．agreeable B．flexible C．friendly D．sensitive 60．A．unfair B．difficult C．essential D．convenient 【答案】 46．B 47．C 48．B 49．D 50．A 51．C 52．D 53．D 54．A 55．B 56．B 57．C 58．C 59．D 60．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了很多公司把很多精力放在了吸引顾客的方面，而很少去关注如何留住老顾客，并说明留住老顾客的重要性。 46．考查介词短语辨析。句意：但事实上，智慧的话语很快就会被遗忘。A. in particular特别地；B. in reality事实上；C. at least至少；D. first of all首先。根据上文“It sounds simple and achievable. But”可知，此处表示事实上这并不那么简单。故选B。 47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：公司一旦吸引了顾客，他们常常忽略故事的另一部分。A. emphasize强调；B. doubt怀疑；C. overlook忽略；D. believe相信。根据下文“the second half of the story”以及“They forget what they regard as the boring side of business— ___3___ that the customer remains a customer.”可知，在成功吸引顾客之后，公司常常会忽略另一部分。故选C。 48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们忘记了他们认为业务中令人厌烦的一面——确保顾客仍然是顾客。A. denying拒绝；B. ensuring确保；C. arguing争吵；D. proving 证明。根据下文“that the customer remains a customer.”可知，此处表示确保顾客不会流失，顾客仍然是顾客。故选B。 49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：未能像吸引顾客那样留住顾客每年都会使企业花费巨额成本。A. Moving移动；B. Hoping希望；C. Starting开始；D. Failing未能。根据下文“costs business huge amounts of money annually.”可知，此处表示未能像吸引顾客那样留住顾客，fail to do sth.表示“未能做某事”。故选D。 50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在持续变化的市场中，这并不令人吃惊。A. markets市场；B. tastes味道；C. prices价格；D. expenses花费。根据上文“It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years.”以及常识可知，此处表示公司所处的持续变化的市场。故选A。 51．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：直到现在，组织才开始意识到那些失去的机会，并计算其对财务的影响。A. culture文化的；B. social社会的；C. financial财务的；D. economical经济的。根据下文“Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting customers led to ___8___ increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.”可知，组织意识到失去的机会对于财务的影响。故选C。 52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：减少一个公司失去的顾客数量会对它的业绩产生重大影响。A. promise承诺；B. plan计划；C. mistake错误；D. difference区别。根据上文“Cutting down the number of customers a company loses”可知，减少失去的顾客数量会对公司业绩产生重大影响，make a difference表示“有影响”，符合语境。故选D。 53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国的研究发现，流失的顾客数量减少5%，会导致预算增加25%至85%。A. cost费用；B. opportunity机会；C. profit利润；D. budget预算。根据下文“____13____ customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers.”可知，原有顾客的服务成本更低，所以顾客流失会导致预算增加。故选D。 54．考查介词短语辨析。句意：一个顾客在第一次访问时收到了质量较差的产品或服务，结果再也没有回来，这将使公司损失数千美元的潜在利润（如果你考虑到他们可能会告诉多少人他们的糟糕经历，这会更多）。A. as a result结果；B. on the whole总体来讲；C. in conclusion总之；D. on the contrary相反。根据上文“A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit”可知，此处表示结果是顾客再也不会回来。故选A。 55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个顾客在第一次访问时收到了质量较差的产品或服务，结果再也没有回来，这将使公司损失数千美元的潜在利润（如果你考虑到他们可能会告诉多少人他们的糟糕经历，这会更多）。A. huge巨大的；B. potential潜在的；C. extra额外的；D. reasonable合情合理的。根据下文“more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience”以及常识可知，此处表示公司会失去潜在的顾客，损失潜在的利润。故选B。 56．考查名词词义辨析。句意：培养顾客忠诚度背后的逻辑是不可否认的。A. beliefs相信；B. loyalty忠诚；C. habits习惯；D. interest兴趣。根据下文“Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits.”可知，此处表示留住顾客，培养顾客的忠诚度。故选B。 57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：实际上，大多数公司的营销努力都集中在吸引顾客上，而很少注意到如何留住顾客。A. altering改变；B. understanding理解；C. keeping留下；D. attracting吸引。根据上文“most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to”可知，公司会努力吸引顾客，但是很少注意到如何留住顾客。故选C。 58．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与新顾客相比，老顾客倾向于购买更多、可预测且通常服务成本更低。A. Assumed假定的；B. Respected受尊重的；C. Established已建立的；D. Unexpected意想不到的。根据下文“than new customers”可知，此处表示已经建立的顾客，即老顾客。故选C。 59．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，他们往往对价格不太敏感，可能会提供免费的口碑广告。A. agreeable一致的；B. flexible灵活的；C. friendly友好的；D. sensitive敏感的。根据上文“____13____ customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price”可知，此处介绍老顾客的优势，他们对价格敏感度不高。故选D。 60．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：留住顾客也使得竞争对手很难进入一个市场或增加他们的市场份额。A. unfair不公平的；B. difficult困难的；C. essential重要的；D. convenient方便的。根据下文“for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.”以及语境可知，此处表示留住顾客会使得竞争对手进入市场增加市场份额很困难。故选B。 05 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市建平中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末教学质量检测英语试题 Taking A Vacation Could Help You Live Longer Thinking about skipping vacation days? Don’t. One of the longest follow-up studies in the world finds vacations can actually prolong your life. And if you think your spin classes (动感单车课程) and clean eating will make up for 61 your dream cruise trip and save you from your jam-packed, hard driving life, think again. An improved, healthier lifestyle doesn’t 62 working too hard and not taking your holidays, University of Helsinki professor Timo Strandberg said Tuesday at the annual European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Congress. “ 63 can be a good way to relieve stress.” The new findings are a part of the Helsinki Businessmen Study, research that for decades has 64 1,222 male executives born between 1919 and 1934. Each had at least one risk factor for heart disease, for example, smoking, 65 , or had high blood pressure. The research, which began in the 1960s, 66 into a longitudinal (纵向的) study and was extended through 2014, focusing in part on how mid-life risk factors can impact the 67 in old age. For the study, the men were split into two groups. In one control group, men lived their lives as they 68 did and did not meet with the study’s investigators. Men in the other group, a(n) 69 group, were given advice on how to improve their health. These men were asked to exercise, improve their diets, reach a healthy weight or stop smoking. At the study’s 15-year check-in, Strandberg found that if their vacations 70 , the men who improved their lifestyles had a 37 percent higher chance of death rate. What is to 71 ? Working too hard, not sleeping enough and not taking enough vacation. While 72 , this new research won’t likely impact most Americans’ vacation habits. Most American workers don’t get that many paid days to begin with. Even if they do have the time, many workers feel they can’t 73 it. Americans have put off vacation because they feel they have too much work to do and too many family 74 . Given that experts find that vacation can help you be more productive when you return to work, maybe it’s time to put forward the request for a few days 75 . 61．A．extending B．postponing C．planning D．locating 62．A．apply for B．sort out C．compensate for D．soak up 63．A．Vacations B．Work-outs C．Outlets D．Adventures 64．A．qualified B．counted C．motivated D．followed 65．A．mood B．gender C．obesity D．diet 66．A．halved B．fell C．evolved D．looked 67．A．perception B．status C．ambition D．well-being 68．A．eventually B．usually C．individually D．attentively 69．A．intervention B．selection C．witness D．supervision 70．A．added up B．faded away C．stood out D．fell short 71．A．emerge B．blame C．escape D．rescue 72．A．dramatic B．ideal C．awkward D．delicate 73．A．exclude B．afford C．involve D．stretch 74．A．operations B．versions C．obligations D．generations 75．A．over B．in C．down D．off 【答案】 61．B 62．C 63．A 64．D 65．C 66．C 67．D 68．B 69．A 70．D 71．B 72．A 73．B 74．C 75．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上最长的跟踪研究之一发现，度假实际上可以延长人的寿命。 61．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你认为你的动感单车课程和干净的饮食可以弥补你推迟的梦想游轮之旅，把你从拥挤的、艰难的驾驶生活中拯救出来，那你再想想吧。A. extending延伸，扩展；B. postponing推迟；C. planning计划；D. locating确定……的位置。根据语境和前文“And if you think your spin classes(动感单车课程) and clean eating will make up for”以及后文“your dream cruise trip and save you from your jam-packed, hard driving life”可知，此处是指如果你认为你的动感单车课程和干净的饮食可以弥补你推迟的梦想游轮之旅，把你从拥挤的、艰难的驾驶生活中拯救出来。故选B项。 62．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：本周二，赫尔辛基大学教授蒂莫·斯特兰德伯格在欧洲心脏病学会年度大会上说，改善的、健康的生活方式并不能弥补工作过度和不休假的损失。A. apply for申请；B. sort out分类；C. compensate for弥补；D. soak up吸收。根据语境和前文“An improved, healthier lifestyle doesn’t”和后文“working too hard and not taking your holidays”以及“　　3　　 can be a good way to relieve stress.”可知，缓解压力的好方法是其他方法，由此推知，此处是指改善的、健康的生活方式并不能弥补工作过度和不休假的损失。故选C项。 63．考查名词词义辨析。句意：度假是缓解压力的好方法。A. Vacations度假；B. Work-outs锻炼；C. Outlets出口，经销店；D. Adventures冒险。根据语境和前文“One of the longest follow-up studies in the world finds vacations can actually prolong your life.”可知，世界上最长的跟踪研究之一发现，度假实际上可以延长你的寿命，由此推知，度假是缓解压力的好方法。故选A项。 64．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些新发现是赫尔辛基商人研究的一部分，该研究对1222名出生于1919年至1934年之间的男性高管进行了数十年的跟踪调查。A. qualified取得资格；B. counted数数；C. motivated激励；D. followed跟踪。根据常识和前文“research that for decades has”以及后文“1,222 male executives born between 1919 and 1934”可知，此处是指该研究对1222名出生于1919年至1934年之间的男性高管进行了数十年的跟踪调查。故选D项。 65．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个人都至少有一个心脏病的危险因素，例如，吸烟，肥胖，或有高血压。A. mood情绪；B. gender性别；C. obesity肥胖；D. diet饮食。根据语境和前文“one risk factor for heart disease, for example, smoking”以及后文“or had high blood pressure”可知，吸烟，肥胖，或有高血压都属于心脏病的危险因素。故选C项。 66．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项研究始于20世纪60年代，后来演变成一项纵向研究，并持续到2014年，部分重点关注中年风险因素如何影响老年人的健康。A. halved减半；B. fell降落，减少；C. evolved演变；D. looked看。根据语境和前文“The research, which began in the 1960s”以及后文“into a longitudinal(纵向的) study and was extended through 2014”可知，此处是指这项研究始于20世纪60年代，后来演变成一项纵向研究，并持续到2014年。故选C项。 67．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项研究始于20世纪60年代，后来演变成一项纵向研究，并持续到2014年，部分重点关注中年风险因素如何影响老年人的健康。A. perception感知；B. status地位，身份；C. ambition抱负；D. well-being健康。根据语境和前文“Each had at least one risk factor for heart disease, for example, smoking, 　　5　　, or had high blood pressure.”和“focusing in part on how mid-life risk factors can impact the”可知，每个人都至少有一个心脏病的危险因素，例如，吸烟，肥胖，或有高血压，由此推知，此处是指部分重点关注中年风险因素如何影响老年人的健康。故选D项。 68．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在一个对照组中，男性过着他们平常的生活，不与研究人员见面。A. eventually最终；B. usually通常；C. individually单独地；D. attentively专心地；根据语境和前文“In one control group, men lived their lives as they”与后文“did and did not meet with the study’s investigators. Men in the other group, a(n) 　　9　　group, were given advice on how to improve their health.”可知，另一个组的男性被给一些如何改善他们的健康的建议，由此推知，在对照组中，男性过着他们平常的生活，不与研究人员见面。故选B项。 69．考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一组，即干预组的男性被给一些如何改善他们的健康的建议。A. intervention干预；B. selection选择；C. witness目击者；D. supervision监督。根据语境和后文“were given advice on how to improve their health.”可知，另一组的男性被给一些如何改善他们的健康的建议，这一组为干预组。故选A项。 70．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在这项长达15年的研究中，斯特兰德伯格发现，如果他们的假期不够长，那些改善了生活方式的男性的死亡率要高出37%。A. added up加起来；B. faded away逐渐消失；C. stood out显眼，突出；D. fell short不足，不够。根据语境和前文“Strandberg found that if their vacations”以及后文“the men who improved their lifestyles had a 37 percent higher chance of death rate”可知，斯特兰德伯格在研究中发现，如果他们的假期不够长，那些改善了生活方式的男性的死亡率要高出37%。故选D项。 71．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是什么原因呢? A. emerge出现；B. blame 责备，把……归咎于；C. escape逃跑；D. rescue援救。根据语境和前文“the men who improved their lifestyles had a 37 percent higher chance of death rate”以及后文“Working too hard, not sleeping enough and not taking enough vacation.”可知，工作太辛苦，睡眠不足，假期不够，这些是改善了生活方式的男性的死亡率要高出37%的原因，由此推知，此处是指这是什么原因呢?故选B项。 72．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这项新研究虽然引人注目，但不太可能影响大多数美国人的度假习惯。A. dramatic引人注目的；B. ideal理想的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. delicate精致的。根据语境和前文“At the study’s 15-year check-in, Strandberg found that if their vacations 　　10　　, the men who improved their lifestyles had a 37 percent higher chance of death rate. What is to 　　11　　? Working too hard, not sleeping enough and not taking enough vacation.”可知，工作太辛苦，睡眠不足，假期不够，这些是改善了生活方式的男性的死亡率要高出37%的原因，由此推知，这项新研究的结果是引人注目的。故选A项。 73．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使他们有时间，许多员工也觉得他们负担不起度假的费用。A. exclude排除；B. afford买得起，负担得起；C. involve使卷入；D. stretch延伸。根据语境和前文“Even if they do have the time, many workers feel they can’t”以及后文“it”可知，此处是指即使他们有时间，许多员工也觉得他们负担不起度假的费用。故选B项。 74．考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国人推迟了度假，因为他们觉得有太多的工作要做，有太多的家庭责任。A. operations运营；运作；B. versions版本；C. obligations义务，责任；D. generations世代。根据常识和前文“Americans have put off vacation because they feel they have too much work to do and too many family”可知，此处是指美国人推迟了度假，因为他们觉得有太多的工作要做，有太多的家庭责任。故选C项。 75．考查副词词义辨析。句意：鉴于专家们发现度假可以帮助你在重返工作岗位时更有效率，也许是时候提出请几天假的请求了。A. over在上方；B. in在里头；C. down朝下，向下；D. off不工作，休息。根据语境和前文“Given that experts find that vacation can help you be more productive when you return to work, maybe it’s time to put forward the request for a few days”可知，此处是指鉴于专家们发现度假可以帮助你在重返工作岗位时更有效率，也许是时候提出请几天假的请求了。故选D项。 06 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试卷 In Dad’s Army, a British sitcom(情景喜剧) about a home-defense Force, Sergeant (中士) Wilson would often  cast doubt on his commander’s various orders with the phrase “Do you think that’s wise, sir?” His doubt, although  often ignored, was usually 76 . Many employees must be tempted to imitate Sgt. Wilson when they see their bosses headed down the wrong track. But caution often leads workers to keep silent for fear of appearing foolish and offensive and 77 being at high risk of losing their jobs. A culture of silence can be dangerous, argues a new book The Fearless Organization, by Amy Edmondson, a professor at Harvard Business School. Some of her cases are from the 78 industry, where staff felt too powerless to make any changes due to their ranks. One was its deadliest accident: a crash between two Boeing-747s in the Canary Islands occurred in 1977 when a co-pilot felt unable to 79 his captain into changing the decision to take off. Another case was that of the Columbia space shuttle in 2003; an engineer who may have diagnosed damage to the shuttle’s wing before the flight felt unable to speak as he was “too 80 ” at NASA． In a corporate culture based on 81 and obedience, it may appear that targets are being achieved. But in the long run the effect is likely to be counterproductive (适得其反的). Studies show that fear 82 learning. And when faced with a problem, scared workers find ways of 83 it or getting around it with inefficient practices. The solution is to create an atmosphere of “psychological safety” whereby workers can speak their minds. It does not mean that workers, or their ideas, are 84 criticism, or that they should complain continuously. In a sense, this method is the 85 of Toyota’s “lean manufacturing” process, which allows any worker who spots a problem to stop the production line. Pixar, the production firm, created what it called a “Braintrust” to give 86 to film directors. The rules were that advice should be constructive and about the idea, not the person, and that filmmakers should not be 87 in response. And psychological safety is not about whistleblowing (检举). Indeed, if an employee feels the need to act as a whistleblower by speaking to external 88 , it suggests employers have not created an environment within the firm where criticism can be 89 . Nor is such a culture only about safety or avoiding mistakes. As mundane (单调的) tasks are automated, and workers rely on computers for data analysis, the added value of humans will stem from their 90 . But as Ms. Edmondson’s book demonstrates, it is hard to be either constructive or creative if you are not confident about speaking out. 76．A．justifiable B．pointless C．inevitable D．ridiculous 77．A．on the whole B．in conclusion C．as a result D．on the contrary 78．A．airline B．manufacturing C．service D．advertising 79．A．weigh B．reason C．applaud D．channel 80．A．offensive B．ambitious C．aggressive D．humble 81．A．imitation B．fear C．efficiency D．competition 82．A．motivates B．facilitates C．maintains D．prevents 83．A．spoiling B．polishing C．masking D．exploiting 84．A．subject to B．immune from C．concerned with D．dependent on 85．A．equivalent B．object C．argument D．criticism 86．A．priority B．motivation C．access D．feedback 87．A．optimistic B．objective C．defensive D．passive 88．A．authorities B．elements C．networks D．whistleblowers 89．A．rejected B．eliminated C．voiced D．questioned 90．A．competitiveness B．inventiveness C．carefulness D．selflessness 【答案】 76．A 77．C 78．A 79．B 80．D 81．B 82．D 83．C 84．B 85．A 86．D 87．C 88．A 89．C 90．B 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章说明了谨慎往往导致员工保持沉默，因为害怕显得愚蠢和无礼，从而处于失去工作的高风险。文章通过两个航空行业的案例，说明了沉默的文化可能是危险的，指出一个以恐惧和服从为基础的企业文化从长远来看是不利于发展的。而解决办法是营造一种“心理安全”的氛围，让员工可以畅所欲言。 76．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的怀疑，虽然经常被忽视，但通常是合理的。A. justifiable情有可原的，合理的；B. pointless无意义的；C. inevitable不可避免的；D. ridiculous可笑的。根据后文“Many employees must be tempted to imitate Sgt. Wilson when they see their bosses head down the wrong track.”可知，当许多雇员看到自己的老板走上了错误的道路时，他们一定忍不住要模仿威尔逊中士，故威尔逊中士的怀疑其实是合理的。故选A。 77．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：但谨慎往往导致员工保持沉默，因为害怕显得愚蠢和无礼，从而处于失去工作的高风险。A. on the whole基本上；B. in conclusion总之；C. as a result结果；D. on the contrary相反。结合上文“But caution often leads workers to keep silent for fear of appearing foolish and offensive and”可知，员工因为害怕显得愚蠢和无礼，导致结果自己失去工作，所以往往保持沉默。故选C。 78．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的一些案例来自航空行业，那里的员工因为自己的级别而感到无力做出任何改变。A. airline航空公司；B. manufacturing制造；C. service服务；D. advertising广告。根据后文的案例“a crash between two Boeing-747s in the Canary Islands occurred in 1977”可知，两架波音747飞机坠毁，故此处指航空行业的案例。故选A。 79．考查动词词义辨析。句意：其中一个是最致命的事故：1977年，两架波音747飞机在加那利群岛坠毁，当时一名副驾驶觉得无法说服机长改变起飞决定。A. weigh权衡，认真考虑；B. reason说服，推理；C. applaud鼓掌；D. channel引导，输送。根据上文“staff felt too powerless to make any changes due to their ranks”和后文“his captain into changing the decision to take off”可知，员工因其级别而感到无力做出任何改变，所以副驾驶无法说服机长改变起飞决定。短语reason sb. into意为“以理劝说使之相信或使之做某事”。故选B。 80．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一个例子是2003年的哥伦比亚号航天飞机；一位工程师可能在飞行前就已经诊断出飞机机翼的损伤，但由于他在NASA“太谦虚”，导致他没有发言权。A. offensive无礼的；B. ambitious有抱负的；C. aggressive好斗的；D. humble（级别或地位）低下的。根据上文“staff felt too powerless to make any changes due to their ranks”可知，员工因其级别低而感到无力做出任何改变，这名工程师感觉自己没有发言权，是因为在NASA地位低。故选D。 81．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个以恐惧和服从为基础的企业文化中，目标似乎正在实现。A. imitation模仿；B. fear恐惧；C. efficiency效率；D. competition竞争。根据后文“Studies show that fear 　　7　　 learning.”可知，研究表明，恐惧会阻碍学习，故此处指以恐惧和服从为基础的企业文化。故选B。 82．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究表明恐惧会阻碍学习。A. motivates促使；B. facilitates促进；C. maintains保持；D. prevents阻止，阻碍。根据后文“scared workers find ways of 　　8　　 it or getting around it with inefficient practices.”可知，恐惧的员工会掩盖事实，或者用低效的方法绕过问题，故可见恐惧会阻碍学习。故选D。 83．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当面对一个问题时，受到惊吓的员工会想办法掩盖它，或者用低效的方法绕过它。A. spoiling损坏；B. polishing抛光；C. masking掩盖；D. exploiting开发。根据后文“or getting around it with inefficient practices”可知，面对问题，受到惊吓的员工会想办法掩盖它，或者用低效的方法绕过它。故选C。 84．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这并不意味着员工或他们的想法可以免受批评，或者他们应该不断抱怨。A. subject to受制于；B. immune from免受……的影响；C. concerned with关心；D. dependent on依赖。根据上文“The solution is to create an atmosphere of “psychological safety” whereby workers can speak their minds.”可知，这一方法是营造一种“心理安全”的氛围，让员工可以畅所欲言，但这不意味着员工或他们的想法可以免受批评，或者他们应该不断抱怨。故选B。 85．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从某种意义上说，这种方法相当于丰田的“精益生产”流程，即任何发现问题的工人都可以停止生产线。A. equivalent对等；B. object物体；C. argument争论；D. criticism批评。根据后文“of Toyota’s “lean manufacturing” process, which allows any worker who spots a problem to stop the production line.”可知，此处是在把“心理安全”氛围等同于丰田的“精益生产”流程，即任何发现问题的工人都可以停止生产线。故选A。 86．考查名词词义辨析。句意：制作公司皮克斯创建了一个所谓的“智囊团”，为电影导演提供反馈。A. priority优先；B. motivation动机；C. access入口；D. feedback反馈。根据后文“The rules were that advice should be constructive and about the idea, not the person,”可知，其规则是建议应该有建设性，是关于想法，而不是关于人的，故“智囊团”主要是为导演提供反馈和建议的。故选D。 87．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：规则是，建议应该是建设性的，是关于想法，而不是关于人的，电影制作人不应该做出生气的回应。A. optimistic乐观的；B. objective客观的；C. defensive生气的，防御的；D. passive被动的。根据上文“advice should be constructive and about the idea, not the person”可知，“智囊团”要对想法提供建设性建议，故电影制作人不能做出生气的回应。故选C。 88．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，如果一名员工觉得有必要通过与外部权威对话来充当举报人，这表明雇主没有在公司内部创造一个可以表达批评意见的环境。A. authorities当局，权威；B. elements元素；C. networks网络；D. whistleblowers举报人。根据后文“it suggests employers have not created an environment within the firm”可知，因为雇主没有在公司内部创造一个可以表达批评意见的环境，所以员工才寻求外部权威的帮助，来充当举报人。故选A。 89．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. rejected拒绝；B. eliminated消除；C. voiced表达；D. questioned质疑。根据上文“created an environment within the firm where criticism can be”可知，此处指在公司内部创造一个可以表达批评意见的环境。故选C。 90．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着日常工作的自动化，以及工人依赖电脑进行数据分析，人类的附加值将源于他们的创造力。A. competitiveness竞争力；B. inventiveness创造性；C. carefulness仔细；D. selflessness无私。呼应后文“But as Ms. Edmondson’s book demonstrates, it is hard to be either constructive or creative if you are not confident about speaking out.”可知，很难让建议既有创造性又有建设性，故此处指人类需要提供创造力。故选B。 07 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学国际部2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试卷 Tom Smith rose from the unknown of a small farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need. It was a need that he first 91 back in 1906 when young Tom was a junior at State Teachers College in Warrensburg. To get an 92 , he was struggling against many difficulties. His family was poor. His dad couldn’t afford the 93 at college, so Tom had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes. Study had to be done 94 his farm-work routines. He withdrew from many school activities 95 he didn’t have the time or the 96 . He had only one good suit. He 97 for the football team, but the coach turned him down for being too 98 . During this period Tom was slowly 99 an inferiority complex(自卑感), which his mother knew could 100 him from achieving his real potential. She 101 that Tom join the debating team, believing that 102 in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed. Tom took his mother’s advice, tried desperately and after several attempts 103 made it. This proved to be a 104 point in his life. Speaking before groups did help him gain the 105 he needed. By the time Tom was a senior, he had won every top honor in 106 . Now other students were coming to him for 107 and they, in turn, were winning contests. Out of this early struggle to 108 his feelings of inferiority, Tom came to understand that the ability to 109 an idea to an audience builds a person’s confidence. And, with it, Tom knew he could do anything he wanted to do—and 110 could others. 91．A．admitted B．filled C．supplied D．recognized 92．A．assignment B．education C．advantage D．instruction 93．A．training B．board C．teaching D．equipment 94．A．between B．during C．over D．through 95．A．while B．when C．because D．though 96．A．permits B．interest C．talent D．clothes 97．A．looked B．tried C．decided D．worked 98．A．light B．flexible C．optimistic D．outgoing 99．A．gaining B．achieving C．developing D．obtaining 100．A．prevent B．protect C．save D．free 101．A．suggested B．demanded C．required D．insisted 102．A．presence B．practice C．patience D．potential 103．A．hopefully B．certainly C．finally D．naturally 104．A．key B．breaking C．basic D．turning 105．A．progress B．experience C．ability D．confidence 106．A．horse-riding B．football C．speech D．farming 107．A．confidence B．money C．coaching D．honour 108．A．convey B．overcome C．understand D．build 109．A．express B．stress C．contribute D．repeat 110．A．really B．then C．neither D．so 【答案】 91．D 92．B 93．B 94．A 95．C 96．D 97．B 98．A 99．C 100．A 101．A 102．B 103．C 104．D 105．D 106．C 107．C 108．B 109．A 110．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了Tom Smith在大学克服自卑并最终走向成功的故事。 91．考查动词词义辨析。句意：回到1906年，当年轻的Tom还是沃伦堡州立师范学院的大三学生时，他第一次意识到了这一需求。A. admitted承认；B. filled填满；C. supplied供应；D. recognized认出，意识到。根据空前的“a need that he first”可知，在1906年的时候Tom第一次意识到了一个需求。故选D。 92．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了接受教育，他同许多困难抗争。A. assignment任务；B. education教育；C. advantage优势；D. instruction指示，命令。根据下文中的“His family was poor. His dad couldn’t afford the 　　3　　at college, so Tom had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes.”可知，他家境贫寒，为了接受教育，不得不面对许多困难。故选B。 93．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的父亲付不起大学里的伙食费，所以Tom不得不骑马12英里去上课。A. training训练；B. board膳食费用；C. teaching教学；D. equipment设备。根据上文中的“His family was poor.(他的家庭很穷)”以及句中的“Tom had to ride horseback 12 miles”可知，Tom家非常穷，每天要骑马上学，所以他付不起伙食费。故选B。 94．考查介词词义辨析。句意：他不得不在农活间隙学习。A. between介于……之间；B. during在……期间；C. over在……上面；D. through穿过。根据空后的“his farm-work routines”和下文中的“He withdrew from many school activities”可知，他退出了许多学校活动，说明他需要在家帮忙做农活，只能在农活间隙学习。故选A。 95．考查连词词义辨析。句意：他退出了许多学校活动，因为他没有时间，也没有衣服。A. while当……的时候；B. when当……的时候；C. because因为；D. though尽管。空处引导的是状语从句。“He withdrew from many school activities”和“he didn’t have the time or the 　　6　　”之间是因果关系，所以应用because引导原因状语从句。故选C。 96．考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. permits许可证；B. interest兴趣；C. talent天赋；D. clothes衣服。根据下文中的“He had only one good suit.(他只有一套好西装。)”可知，他只有一套好西装，所以他没有参加学校活动的衣服。故选D。 97．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他试着加入足球队，但教练因为他太轻而拒绝了他。A. looked看；B. tried尝试；C. decided决定；D. worked工作。根据空后的“for the football team, but the coach turned him down”可知，他试图加入足球队，但遭到了拒绝。try for意为“试图获得”。故选B。 98．考查形容词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. light轻的；B. flexible灵活的；C. optimistic乐观的；D. outgoing外向的。根据空前的“the coach turned him down for being too”并结合常识可知，他被足球教练拒绝了，应该是体重太轻，不符合足球运动员的标准。故选A。 99．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这段时间里，Tom慢慢地产生了自卑感，他的母亲知道这会阻碍他发挥真正的潜力。A. gaining获得；B. achieving实现；C. developing发展，出现（问题）；D. obtaining获得。根据空后的“an inferiority complex(自卑感)”和下文中的“could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed”可知，他慢慢地变得不自信了，产生了自卑感。故选C。 100．考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. prevent阻止；B. protect保护；C. save救；D. free释放。根据空前的“which his mother knew could”和空后的“him from achieving his real potential”以及下文中的“She 　　11　　that Tom join the debating team, believing that 　　12　　in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.”可知，Tom产生了自卑感，他的妈妈认为这会阻碍他发挥自己真正的潜力。故选A。 101．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她建议Tom加入辩论队，相信练习演讲能给他所需的信心和认可。A. suggested建议；B. demanded强烈要求；C. required需要；D. insisted坚决要求。根据空后的“that Tom join the debating team”和下文中的“his mother’s advice”可知，她建议Tom加入辩论队。故选A。 102．考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. presence在场，出席；B. practice练习；C. patience耐心；D. potential潜力。根据句中的“Tom join the debating team”和空后的“in speaking”可知，她建议Tom加入辩论队，练习演讲。故选B。 103．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Tom听从了母亲的建议，拼命地尝试，几次尝试后终于成功了。A. hopefully怀有希望地；B. certainly无疑，肯定；C. finally最后，终于；D. naturally自然地。根据空前的“after several attempts”和空后的“made it”可知，他尝试了几次后，最终成功了。故选C。 104．考查形容词、动词和名词词义辨析。句意：这证明是他人生的转折点。A. key关键的；B. breaking打破；C. basic基础的；D. turning拐弯处。根据下文中的“Speaking before groups did help him gain the 　　15　　he needed.”可知，Tom以前自卑，加入辩论队后重获自信，所以这是他的人生转折点。turning point意为“转折点”。故选D。 105．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在小组前演讲确实帮助他获得了所需的信心。A. progress进步，进展；B. experience经验；C. ability能力；D. confidence自信，信心。根据上文中的“give him the confidence and recognition that he needed”可知，他通过演讲重获自信。故选D。 106．考查名词词义辨析。句意：到Tom大四的时候，他已经赢得了演讲的所有最高荣誉。A. horse-riding骑马；B. football足球；C. speech演说；D. farming务农。根据上文中的“the debating team”和“Speaking”可知，Tom在辩论队中练习演讲，所以他获得了演讲的所有最高荣誉。故选C。 107．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，其他学生来找他指导，他们反过来也赢得了比赛。A. confidence自信，信心；B. money钱；C. coaching培训，辅导；D. honour荣誉。根据空前的“other students were coming to him for”和空后的“they, in turn, were winning contests”可知，其他学生找他辅导演讲技能，然后这些人也赢得了比赛。故选C。 108．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在克服自卑感的早期斗争中，Tom逐渐明白，向观众表达想法的能力会建立一个人的信心。A. convey表达，传递（思想、感情等）B. overcome克服；C. understand理解；D. build建造。根据空后的“his feelings of inferiority”和上文中的“give him the confidence and recognition that he needed”可知，他早期缺乏自信，非常自卑，他努力想克服自卑感。故选B。 109．考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. express表达；B. stress强调；C. contribute捐献；D. repeat重复。根据空后的“an idea to an audience”并结合上文他加入辩论队演讲的事情可知，这里指的是向观众表达想法。故选A。 110．考查副词词义辨析。句意：有了它，Tom知道他可以做任何他想做的事，其他人也可以。A. really事实上；B. then当时，然后；C. neither也不；D. so如此。这里是个倒装句，可排除A项和B项。根据空前的“with it, Tom knew he could do anything he wanted to do”可知，Tom认为他能做到任何想做的事，那么别人也是如此，应用so。neither常用于表示否定意义的倒装句。故选D。 08 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市浦东新区东昌中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题 Once upon a time there lived in Germany two brothers who loved a good story — one with magic and danger, royalty and villains (恶棍). At school they met a wise man who led them to a treasure — a library of old books with tales more fascinating than any they had ever heard. 111 , the brothers began collecting their own stories, listening to the folktales people told them. Soon they 112 their own treasure — a book of fairy tales that would charm millions in faraway lands for generations to come. The brothers Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm, named their story collection Children’s and Household Tales and published it in Germany in 1812. The collection which has been translated into more than 160 languages up to now is a publishing 113 . The stories and their characters have appeared in theatre, opera, comic books, movies, paintings, rock music, advertising and even fashion. Such 114 would have shocked the modest Grimms. During their lifetimes the book sold few copies in Germany. The early editions were not even 115 children. They had no illustrations, and scholarly footnotes took up almost as much space as the tales themselves. Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm viewed themselves as 116 students of folklore. They began their work at a time when Germany had been occupied by the French under Napoleon. As young scholars, the brothers Grimm began to work on the fairy tale collection in order to save the endangered oral storytelling tradition of Germany. Long before the Grimms’ time, 117 developed in inns, barns, and peasant homes. During winter nights, as they sat spinning wood, women kept each other company and entertained each other with tales of adventure, romance and magic. 118 , 40 such storytellers delivered tales to the Grimms, many of them coming to their house in Kassel. Although the brothers implied that they were just 119 the tales, Wilhelm polished and reshaped the stories up to the final edition of 1857. In an effort to make them more 120 to children and their parents, he stressed the moral of each tale and emphasized gender roles. According to the Grimms, the collection served as “a manual of 121 .” To this day, parents read them to their children because they approve of the lessons in the stories: keep your promises, don’t talk to strangers, work hard, obey your parents. So what 122 their popularity? Some have suggested that it is because the characters are always striving for happiness. But the truth probably lies in their 123 . The Grimms’ tales were born out of a storytelling tradition without 124 of age or culture. The brothers’ skill was to translate these into a universal style of writing that seems to mirror whatever moods or interests we bring to our 125 of them. And so it was that the Grimms’ fairy tales lived happily ever after. 111．A．Inspired B．Disappointed C．Discouraged D．Relieved 112．A．estimated B．produced C．sacrificed D．stocked 113．A．medium B．partnership C．finding D．wonder 114．A．quality B．wealth C．fame D．benefit 115．A．marked as B．robbed of C．aimed at D．prevented from 116．A．intelligent B．hardworking C．peculiar D．patriotic 117．A．collection B．storytelling C．entertainment D．meeting 118．A．Besides B．Altogether C．However D．Similarly 119．A．creating B．developing C．reviewing D．recording 120．A．accustomed B．acceptable C．cruel D．compared 121．A．manners B．parentship C．publishing D．adaptation 122．A．results from B．depends on C．accounts for D．responds to 123．A．appeal B．flexibility C．availability D．origin 124．A．boundaries B．influences C．indications D．distributions 125．A．writing B．sharing C．reading D．beginning 【答案】 111．A 112．B 113．D 114．C 115．C 116．D 117．B 118．B 119．D 120．B 121．A 122．C 123．D 124．A 125．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了格林兄弟如何收集、编纂并最终出版《格林童话》的过程，以及这本书对后世的影响和重要性。 111．考查动词词义辨析。句意：受到启发，兄弟俩开始收集自己的故事，听人们讲给他们听的民间故事。A. Inspired受到启发；B. Disappointed使失望；C. Discouraged使泄气；D. Relieved使缓解。根据语境和前文“At school they met a wise man who led them to a treasure — a library of old books with tales more fascinating than any they had ever heard.”可知，在学校里，他们遇到了一位智者，他把他们带到了一个宝藏——一个装满古书的图书馆，里面的故事比他们听过的任何故事都要有趣。受到这位智者的启发，兄弟俩开始收集自己的故事。故选A项。 112．考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，他们创造了自己的宝藏——一本童话故事书，将世世代代吸引着遥远国度的数百万人。A. estimated估计；B. produced制作；C. sacrificed牺牲；D. stocked存有。根据语境和后文“their own treasure — a book of fairy tales”可知，兄弟俩创造了自己的宝藏，即一本童话故事书。故选B项。 113．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这本书至今已被翻译成160多种语言，堪称出版界的奇迹。A. medium媒体；B. partnership合作关系；C. finding发现；D. wonder奇迹。根据语境和前文“The collection which has been translated into more than 160 languages up to now”可知，这本书被翻译成160多种语言，这是出版界的奇迹。故选D项。 114．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这样的名声会让谦虚的格林兄弟感到震惊。A. quality质量；B. wealth财富；C. fame名声；D. benefit益处。根据语境和前文“The collection which has been translated into more than 160 languages up to now is a publishing 　　3　　.”可知，这本书被翻译成160多种语言，堪称出版界的奇迹，这种名声让格林兄弟感到震惊。故选C项。 115．考查动词短语辨析。句意：早期的版本甚至不是针对儿童的。A. marked as标记为；B. robbed of抢夺；C. aimed at针对；D. prevented from阻止。根据语境和后文“They had no illustrations, and scholarly footnotes took up almost as much space as the tales themselves.”可知，书中没有插图，学术性的脚注占据了几乎和故事本身一样多的篇幅，由此可见，早期的版本并不是针对儿童的。故选C项。 116．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：雅各布·格林和威廉·格林自认为是爱国的民俗学学生。A. intelligent聪明的；B. hardworking努力的；C. peculiar奇怪的；D. patriotic爱国的。根据语境和后文“As young scholars, the brothers Grimm began to work on the fairy tale collection in order to save the endangered oral storytelling tradition of Germany.”可知，作为年轻的学者，格林兄弟为了拯救德国濒临灭绝的口头讲故事的传统，就开始着手编写童话故事集。由此推知，他们是爱国的。故选D项。 117．考查名词词义辨析。句意：早在格林时代之前，讲故事就在小旅馆、谷仓和农民家里发展起来了。A. collection收藏品；B. storytelling讲故事；C. entertainment娱乐；D. meeting会议。根据语境和后文“During winter nights, as they sat spinning wood, women kept each other company and entertained each other with tales of adventure, romance and magic.”可知，在冬天的夜晚，当他们坐着纺柴时，女人们彼此作伴，用冒险、浪漫和魔法的故事来娱乐彼此。由此推知，早在格林时代之前，讲故事就发展起来了。故选B项。 118．考查副词词义辨析。句意：总共有40个这样的讲故事的人给格林兄弟讲故事，其中许多人去了他们在卡塞尔的家。A. Besides另外；B. Altogether总共；C. However然而；D. Similarly类似地。根据语境和后文“40 such storytellers delivered tales to the Grimms”可知，总共有40个这样的讲故事的人给格林夫妇讲故事。故选B项。 119．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然两兄弟暗示他们只是在记录这些故事，但威廉对这些故事进行了润色和修改，直到1857年的最终版本。A. creating创造；B. developing发展；C. reviewing回顾；D. recording记录。根据语境和前文“the brothers began collecting their own stories, listening to the folktales people told them”可知，兄弟俩开始收集自己的故事，听人们讲给他们听的民间故事。由此推知，两兄弟暗示他们只是在记录这些故事。故选D项。 120．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了让孩子和父母更容易接受这些故事，他强调了每个故事的寓意，并强调了性别角色。A. accustomed习惯的；B. acceptable可接受的；C. cruel残酷的；D. compared比较的。根据语境和前文“They had no illustrations, and scholarly footnotes took up almost as much space as the tales themselves.”可知，书中没有插图，学术性的脚注占据了几乎和故事本身一样多的篇幅，由此推知，为了让孩子和父母更容易接受这些故事，他强调了每个故事的寓意，并强调了性别角色。故选B项。 121．考查名词词义辨析。句意：按照格林兄弟的说法，这本书是一本“礼仪手册”。A. manners礼仪；B. parentship为人父母；C. publishing出版；D. adaptation适应。根据语境和后文“To this day, parents read them to their children because they approve of the lessons in the stories: keep your promises, don’t talk to strangers, work hard, obey your parents.”可知，直到今天，父母还会把这些书读给孩子听，因为他们认同故事中的教训：遵守诺言，不要和陌生人说话，努力工作，听父母的话。由此推知，两兄弟说这个故事集是教给了孩子们礼仪，起到了“礼仪手册”的作用。故选A项。 122．考查动词短语辨析。句意：那么是什么导致了它们的流行呢？A. results from由……引起；B. depends on依靠；C. accounts for导致；D. responds to回应。根据语境和后文“Some have suggested that it is because the characters are always striving for happiness.”可知，有些人认为这是因为人物总是在为幸福而奋斗。由此推知，此处是问到底是什么导致了这些故事的流行。故选C项。 123．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但真相可能在于它们的起源。A. appeal呼吁；B. flexibility灵活性；C. availability可用性；D. origin起源。根据语境和后文“The Grimms’ tales were born out of a storytelling tradition”可知，格林兄弟的故事诞生于一个讲故事的传统，因此这些故事流行的原因在于它们的起源。故选D项。 124．考查名词词义辨析。句意：《格林童话》诞生于一种讲故事的传统，没有年龄和文化的界限。A. boundaries界限；B. influences影响；C. indications迹象；D. distributions分布。根据语境和后文“The brothers’ skill was to translate these into a universal style of writing”可知，兄弟俩的技巧是把这些翻译成一种通用的写作风格，因此《格林童话》是没有年龄和文化的界限的。故选A项。 125．考查动词词义辨析。句意：兄弟俩的技巧是把这些翻译成一种普遍的写作风格，似乎反映了我们在阅读它们时所带来的任何情绪或兴趣。A. writing写；B. sharing分享；C. reading读；D. beginning开始。根据常识和后文“of them”可知，我们阅读《格林童话》里的故事。故选C项。 09 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市黄浦区2023-2024学年高一下学期6月期末英语试题 My daughter had just turned five when I took her to go grocery shopping with me one day. There on display was the most beautiful toilet paper she had ever seen, for it was pink. During 126 awareness month, the toilet paper company had made their products pink, with a part of each sale’s profits helping the people in need. And my daughter simply had to have it. She begged with her sweetest pretty pleases. Of course I 127 her request, explaining that it was pink to raise awareness of kindness and that 128 of the money we were paying was going towards helping others. My little girl sat in the cart, holding her package of pink toilet paper. She could not contain her excitement and talked on and on. On the way out, she retold to the cashier everything she could remember about the 129 of the colored toilet paper. Her 130 spread among the other customers, and several more packages went through the checkouts that morning. My daughter carried the tower of toilet paper into the house herself and dragged it upstairs, which was a great 131 considering the package stood as tall as she did. That evening, I walked into the bathroom to find all the rolls 132 stored in the cupboard, in the shape of a lovely castle. She began in all seriousness as she ceremoniously (隆重地) 133 a half used white roll on the holder with a new pink one, “ 134 I use it, I will remember to pray for all those people who are 135 right now.” 126．A．beauty B．charity C．culture D．environment 127．A．put in B．agreed to C．turned down D．responded to 128．A．all B．more C．none D．some 129．A．usage B．price C．meaning D．misunderstanding 130．A．calmness B．confidence C．passion D．patience 131．A．achievement B．expectation C．independence D．responsibility 132．A．neatly B．messily C．casually D．naturally 133．A．combined B．compared C．mixed D．replaced 134．A．In case B．Now that C．Every time D．Even though 135．A．in common B．in silence C．in trouble D．in practice 【答案】 126．B 127．B 128．D 129．C 130．C 131．A 132．A 133．D 134．C 135．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者带女儿去购物，在看到女儿从来没见过的粉色厕纸的时候，女儿非常喜欢，记下并重复粉色厕纸的意义，拿回家后作者女儿替换了白色厕纸，并说她以后会为处于困境中的人祈祷。 126．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在慈善宣传月期间，这家卫生纸公司把他们的产品做成了粉红色，每次销售的一部分利润都用来帮助有需要的人。A. beauty漂亮；B. charity慈善；C. culture文化；D. environment环境。由本句中“helping the people in need”可知是帮助需要的人，即做慈善活动，推知空处表达的是“慈善”。故选B项。 127．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当然，我同意了她的要求，并解释说，粉红色是为了提高人们对善良的认识，我们支付的一些钱是用来帮助别人的。A. put in投入；B. agreed to同意；C. turned down拒绝；D. responded to回应。由“Of course（当然）”可知作者同意了女儿的请求。故选B项。 128．考查代词词义辨析。句意：当然，我同意了她的要求，并解释说，粉红色是为了提高人们对善良的认识，我们支付的一些钱是用来帮助别人的。A. all所有；B. more更多；C. none全无；D. some一些。根据空格后的“of the money we were paying was going towards helping others”可知，钱中的一些用来帮助别人。故选D项。 129．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在出去的路上，她把她所记得的关于彩色卫生纸的意义的一切都告诉了收银员。A. usage用法；B. price价格；C. meaning意义； D. misunderstanding误解。由第一段“Of course I__2__her request, explaining that it was pink to raise awareness of kindness and that ____of the money we were paying was going towards helping others.”可知作者跟女儿解释过了这种粉色厕纸的意义；由本句中“retold（重述）”可推知，作者的女儿又将她所记得的粉色厕纸的意义跟收银员又说了一遍，因为她女儿得到这个厕纸是很激动的，重述一遍厕纸的意义恰恰也是反应这点。故选C项。 130．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的热情在其他顾客中传播开来，那天早上又有几个包裹通过了收银台。A. calmness冷静；B. confidence自信；C. passion热情；D. patience耐心。根据下文“several more packages went through the checkouts that morning.”可知，她的热情在其他顾客中传播开来。故选C项。 131．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我女儿自己把那堆卫生纸扛进屋里，拖到楼上，考虑到包裹和她一样高，这是一个了不起的成就。A. achievement成就；B. expectation期望；C. independence独立；D. responsibility责任。由本句“My daughter carried the tower of toilet paper into the house herself and dragged it upstairs”可知，那个包裹跟作者女儿一样高，而这个孩子把包裹拖到楼上了，对于一个孩子来说这个是很不容易的，所以对孩子来说这是一个了不起的成就。故选A项。 132．考查副词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，我走进浴室，发现所有的卷纸都整齐地放在橱柜里，形状像一座可爱的城堡。A. neatly整齐地；B. messily乱糟糟地；C. casually随意地；D. naturally自然地。根据下文“in the shape of a lovely castle.”可知，发现所有的卷纸都整齐地放在橱柜里。故选A项。 133．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她非常严肃地开始了她的仪式，用一个新的粉色纸卷取代了固定器上用了一半的白色纸卷，“每次我使用它的时候，我会立即记得为所有那处于困境中的人祈祷。A. combined结合；B. compared对比；C. mixed混合；D. replaced取代。根据下文“____I use it, I will remember to pray for all those people who are _____right now.”可知，作者女儿严肃地开始一个仪式，即一个动作，并说立刻会想起为那些处于困境中人所祈祷，她看到那些粉色纸卷的时候才会立即想起来祈祷，推知她这个动作就是将用过一半的白色纸卷用新的粉色纸卷替换掉了，故选D项。 134．考查连词短语辨析。句意：她非常严肃地开始了她的仪式，用一个新的粉色纸卷取代了固定器上用了一半的白色纸卷，“每次我使用它的时候，我会立即记得为所有那处于困境中的人祈祷。A. In case以防；B. Now that既然；C. Every time每次；D. Even though即使。根据句意可知，本句为Every time引导的时间状语从句。故选C项。 135．考查介词短语辨析。她非常严肃地开始了她的仪式，用一个新的粉色纸卷取代了固定器上用了一半的白色纸卷，“每次我使用它的时候，我会立即记得为所有那处于困境中的人祈祷。A. in common共同的；B. in silence沉默地；C. in trouble处于困难中；D. in practice实践上。根据上文“the people in need”可知，指为所有那处于困境中的人祈祷。 故选C项。 10 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市育才中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷 Pasta: Loved the World Over What is the world’s favorite when it comes to food? According to a global survey by the U.K. based charity Oxfam, pasta is number one, ahead of meat, rice and pizza. 136 being popular in European countries, pasta is one of the favorites in countries such as the Philippines, Brazil and South Africa. Global sales figures also 137 the world’s love afrair with pasta — they have risen from U.S. $13bn in 2003 to U.S. $16bn in 2010. Analysts predict sales will hit U.S.$19bn by 2015, 138 rising wheat costs. So how did the dish so closely 139 ltaly become a staple of so many tables around the globe? It’s because it is cheap, versatile and convenient, says Jim Winship from the U.K.-based Pizza, Pasta and ltalian Food Association. A sauce to go with it can be made from simple 140 . “You can create lots of 141 dishes with it. It tastes good and it’s filling. It also has a long shelf life, so you can keep it in the larder (食品储藏室) 142 you need to put a meal together.” But that’s only part of its success. Pasta is also relatively easy to 143 and transport around the world, making it a popular product with 144 as well. “It’s always been a(n) 145 product,” says John Dickie, professor in Italian Studies at University College London and author of Delizia! A History of the ltalians and Their Food. “It is 146 one of the things that have contributed to its success — it’s easy to transport and has a long shelf life. It has 147 genes.” Tim Lang, professor of food policy at City University London, says technological advances in the 19 century 148 pasta to be produced on a big scale. But the Industrial Revolution did that for everything else, he adds, and the reason pasta had been 149 successful was because people liked it and the ltalian way of life. “It’s a(n) 150 phenomenon, not an industrial phenomenon,” he says. “People like the ltalian way of life and their simple staple foods.” 136．A．Instead of B．In case of C．As well as D．In terms of 137．A．detect B．reflect C．predict D．analyze 138．A．despite B．given C．as a result of D．in addition to 139．A．involving B．surrounding C．fixed in D．associated with 140．A．choices B．kitchens C．ingredients D．ideas 141．A．delicate B．different C．Italian D．challenging 142．A．if B．until C．as soon as D．whenever 143．A．cook B．recycle C．mass produce D．grow 144．A．food companies B．housewives C．children D．office workers 145．A．agricultural B．industrial C．eco-friendly D．healthy 146．A．definitely B．unlikely C．by no means D．merely 147．A．commercial B．cultural C．delicious D．artistic 148．A．urged B．advised C．allowed D．required 149．A．less B．particularly C．exclusively D．barely 150．A．economic B．regional C．cultural D．accidental 【答案】 136．C 137．B 138．A 139．D 140．C 141．B 142．B 143．C 144．A 145．B 146．A 147．A 148．C 149．B 150．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了意面受到全世界人们的欢迎及其成功原因。 136．考查固定短语辨析。句意：意面不仅在欧洲国家很受欢迎，在菲律宾、巴西和南非等国家也很受欢迎。A. Instead of而不是；B. In case of以防；C. As well as除……之外还；D. In terms of就……而言。根据前文“being popular in European countries”及后文“pasta is one of the favorites in countries such as the Philippines, Brazil and South Africa”可知，意面除了在欧洲国家很受欢迎，在其他地区也受欢迎。故选C项。 137．考查动词词义辨析。句意：全球销售数据也反映了全世界对意面的喜爱。A. detect查明；B. reflect反映；C. predict预测；D. analyze分析。根据前文“According to a global survey by the U.K.”及“Global sales figures also”可知，除了全球调查，全球销售数据也反映了全世界对意面的喜爱。故选B项。 138．考查介词及短语辨析。句意：分析师预测，尽管小麦价格上涨，但到2015年，销售额将达到190亿美元。A. despite尽管；B. given鉴于；C. as a result of作为……的结果；D. in addition to除了……之外。根据前文“sales will hit U.S.$19bn by 2015”及后文“rising wheat costs”可知，前后构成让步关系，尽管小麦价格上涨，但意面销售额不降反增。故选A项。 139．考查动词及短语辨析。句意：那么，这道与意大利联系如此紧密的菜肴是如何成为全球众多餐桌上的主食的呢? A. involving涉及；B. surrounding包围；C. fixed in安装，适应；D. associated with与……有关。根据前文“pasta is number one”及后文“ltaly”可知，意面是与意大利紧密相关的菜肴。故选D项。 140．考查名词词义辨析。句意：用简单的食材就可以制作出配酱。A. choices选择；B. kitchens厨房；C. ingredients原料；D. ideas想法。根据前文“A sauce to go with it can be made”及常识可知，意面蘸酱是用各种食材制作而成。故选C项。 141．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你可以用它做很多不同的菜。A. delicate精致的；B. different不同的；C. Italian意大利的；D. challenging有挑战性的。根据前文“ lots of”及后文“dishes”可知，可以用它做多种菜肴。故选B项。 142．考查连词词义辨析。句意：它的保质期也很长，所以你可以把它放在储藏室里，直到你需要做饭的时候再拿出来。A. if如果；B. until直到；C. as soon as一……就；D. whenever无论何时。根据前文“It also has a long shelf life”及后文“you need to put a meal together”可知，它保质期长，可以随用随取。故选B项。 143．考查动词词义辨析。句意：意面也相对容易大规模生产和在世界各地运输，这也使它成为食品公司的热门产品。A. cook烹饪；B. recycle回收利用；C. mass produce大规模生产；D. grow生长。根据后文“transport around the world, making it a popular product with ___9 _”及“pasta to be produced on a big scale”可知，意面容易保存和运输，也可以批量生产，使得它受到食品公司的青睐。故选C项。 144．考查名词词义辨析。句意：意大利面也相对容易大规模生产和在世界各地运输，这也使它成为食品公司的热门产品。A. food companies食品公司；B. housewives家庭主妇；C. children儿童；D. office workers办公室职员。根据前文“Pasta is also relatively easy to __8___ and transport around the world”可知，意面因其易生产和易运输的特点受到食品公司的青睐。故选A项。 145．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它一直是一种工业产品。A. agricultural农业的；B. industrial工业的；C. eco-friendly环境友好的；D. healthy健康的。根据前文“It also has a long shelf life”及“Pasta is also relatively easy to __8___ and transport around the world”可知，意面易批量生产，易运输，保质期长，这是工业产品的特征。故选B项。 146．考查副词及短语辨析。句意：这绝对是它成功的原因之一——运输方便，保质期长。它有商业基因。A. definitely肯定地，无疑地；B. unlikely未必；C. by no means绝不；D. merely仅仅。根据后文“it’s easy to transport and has a long shelf life”可知，运输方便，保质期长绝对是意面成功的原因之一。故选A项。 147．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这绝对是它成功的原因之一——运输方便，保质期长。它有商业基因。A. commercial商业的；B. cultural文化的；C. delicious美味的；D. artistic艺术的。根据前文“Pasta is also relatively easy to __8___ and transport around the world”及“it’s easy to transport and has a long shelf life”可知，意面易批量生产，易运输，保质期长，这是商业产品的特征。故选A项。 148．考查动词词义辨析。句意：19世纪的技术进步使得意面得以大规模生产。A. urged敦促；B. advised建议；C. allowed允许，使有可能；D. required要求。根据前文“technological advances”及后文“pasta to be produced on a big scale”可知，科技进步使得意面批量生产成为可能。故选C项。 149．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但工业革命改变了其他一切，他补充说，意面之所以特别成功，是因为人们喜欢它和意大利的生活方式。A. less更少；B. particularly尤其；C. exclusively唯一地；D. barely几乎不。根据后文“because people liked it and the ltalian way of life”可知，人们的喜爱是意大利面尤其成功的深层原因。故选B项。 150．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一种文化现象，而不是工业现象。A. economic经济的；B. regional地区的；C. cultural文化的；D. accidental偶然的。根据后文“People like the ltalian way of life and their simple staple foods.”可知，意面成功的深层原因是人们对意大利生活方式的追求，所以意面的成功代表了一种文化现象。故选C项。 1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年高一下学期期末考点大串讲（上海） 专题03 完形填空题精选10篇 01 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 上海市上海市闵行区六校2023-2024学年高一下学期期末联考英语试题 Fear of public speaking is the single most common phobia (恐怖症). Nearly 75% of people admit to 1 this, so you aren’t alone in your fear. It can range from slight 2 to a nearly paralyzing (瘫痪性的) fear and panic. For many people, this fear is so great that they avoid public speaking situations altogether. However, what if you can’t avoid it? What if your job requires you to speak in front of others from time to time? 3 , what if you are trying to earn a promotion? You certainly don’t want to be 4 due to an inability to speak in public. Here are a few things you can do to manage and reduce your public speaking anxiety. Practice Relaxation Techniques When you are facing an uncomfortable situation, your body automatically experiences increased 5 activity such as a fast heartbeat, difficulty breathing, and tension in your muscles. You can relax your body and reduce these 6 with a variety of techniques. Deep breathing can help you calm your body. You should practice relaxation techniques prior to any public speaking. 7 Prepare The better you know your topic, the less likely you will make a mistake. Oftentimes, the anxiety associated with public speaking comes from fear of 8 . That’s why it is so important to spend plenty of time preparing yourself. 9 yourself as much as possible with the topic so you have a thorough understanding of what you are presenting. Then, practice your speech several times so you are comfortable with the entire 10 . You should practice in front of people and ask for 11 . Not only will this help you become more confident speaking in front of others, but the feedback can help you improve your speaking skills so you become even more confident. 12 Your Worries and How You Can Conquer Them When you’re afraid of something, you may overestimate how often bad things will happen. A good exercise is to write down your 13 worries. For example, forgetting your material, losing your place, technical difficulties, a question you can’t answer, a bored audience. Once you have written down each worry, note down a(n) 14 solution for each one. Knowing you have a 15 in place should things go wrong will help you feel more secure about your presentation. 1．A．causing B．experiencing C．dominating D．spreading 2．A．distress B．forgetfulness C．injury D．nervousness 3．A．Furthermore B．Therefore C．Nevertheless D．Meanwhile 4．A．rebelled B．insulted C．dismissed D．overlooked 5．A．physiological B．beneficial C．incredible D．physical 6．A．risks B．pressures C．symptoms D．accidents 7．A．Specially B．Adequately C．Gradually D．Secretly 8．A．showing off B．running out C．messing up D．slowing down 9．A．Familiarize B．Equip C．Content D．Examine 10．A．preparation B．operation C．occasion D．presentation 11．A．success B．encouragement C．feedback D．trust 12．A．Forget B．Express C．Share D．Identify 13．A．health B．considerable C．specific D．unnecessary 14．A．easy B．probable C．fair D．technical 15．A．plan B．question C．lesson D．topic 02 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市上海交通大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试卷 Like it or hate it, when Kim Kardashian wears something, people take notice. With the reality TV star wearing secondhand Azzedine Alaia to Paris fashion week, secondhand Jean Paul Gaultier to a party and a secondhand 1990s Thierry Mugler gown to an award ceremony, it 16 change is happening. Who would have thought that Kardashian --- a woman worth $350m (￡270m) --- would be making a case for sustainable fashion? As consumers become increasingly aware of the 17 impact of fashion, they are looking for a more sustainable way to shop. Could 18 secondhand be the answer？ Vintage(复古风格),it seems, is increasingly 19 . High-end boutique Browns has also just launched the label One Vintage, which uses antique textiles to create new clothes. Octavia Bradford, the womenswear buyer for Browns, says: “ 20 is the loudest conversation in fashion right now.” A study shows that, last year, 64% of women were willing to buy pre-owned pieces compared with 45% in 2016 --- and 21 , by 2022 19% of the clothes in women's wardrobes will be secondhand. Fashion circularity, a new term referring to the recycled life of clothes, is 22 to reach $51bn in five years, up from the current $24 bn, according to ThredUp's annual resale report. Stella McClure, the founder of the online shop The Stellar Boutique, has noticed a 23 . When she opened the shop 20 years ago “there was still 24 attached. But now (thankfully) The Stellar boutique is not just acceptable --- it's cool and has completely 25 the fashion trends.” she says. Apart from people’s increased 26 of sustainability, vintage fashion fits neatly into the wider mood of the Instagram age, where authenticity and originality ---not being seen in the same outfit as anyone else--- are 27 . What better ways to stand out than to wear clothes few others are likely to own? Not 28 to sit back and watch others profit from their vintage items, some luxury labels are relaunching decades-old designs from their own archives. Last year, 29 , Dior brought back its saddle bag because of the attention it was getting in the vintage fashion market. However, for some, buying vintage will never feel quite right. “It's really not my bag,” says Bates. “There are obvious 30 --- sizing isn't uniform, and you have to be careful to look for holes and rips.” 16．A．suggests B．maintains C．calculates D．advocates 17．A．cultural B．historical C．environmental D．emotional 18．A．distributing B．buying C．controlling D．decreasing 19．A．in fashion B．in effect C．out of date D．in power 20．A．Originality B．Technology C．Profit D．Sustainability 21．A．legally B．appropriately C．likely D．undoubtedly 22．A．required B．projected C．guaranteed D．warned 23．A．symptom B．field C．tradition D．shift 24．A．satisfaction B．excitement C．shame D．fascination 25．A．broken B．defined C．captured D．challenged 26．A．potential B．awareness C．lack D．power 27．A．reversed B．questioned C．ensured D．valued 28．A．considerate B．content C．stressful D．adventurous 29．A．for instance B．as a result C．by contrast D．in addition 30．A．expectations B．policies C．traps D．reminders 03 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市大同中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试题 Why do so few people find fulfillment in their work? Amy Wrzesniewski, a Yale School of Management professor who studies these issues, offered an explanation that made a lot of 31 . Students, she said, “think their calling is under a rock, and if they 32 enough rocks, they will find it.” Surveys confirm that meaning is the top thing Millennials (千禧一代) say they want from a job. And yet her research shows that less than 50% of people see their work as a calling. So, many of her students are left feeling anxious, 33 , and completely unsatisfied by the good jobs and careers they do secure. What they—and many of us, I think—fail to realize is that work can be 34 even if you don’t think of it as a calling. The four most common occupations in America are retail (零售) salesperson, cashier, food preparer/server, and office clerk—jobs that aren’t typically 35 “meaning.” But all have something in common with those professions that are, such as teachers and doctors: They exist to help others. And as Adam Grant, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, has shown, people who see their work as a form of 36 always rank their jobs as more meaningful. That means you can find meaning in nearly any role in nearly any organization. 37 , most companies create products or services to fill a need in the world, and all employees contribute in their own ways. The key is to become more conscious about the service you’re providing— 38 and personally. How? One strategy is to constantly remind yourself of your organization’s main 39 . Life Is Good is a clothing company best known for colorful T-shirts with stick-figure designs, but its mission is to spread 40 and hope throughout the world, and that’s something even storeroom employees understand. If you work for an accounting firm, you’re helping people or companies with the 41 task of doing their taxes. Each job serves a purpose in the world. Even if you can’t get excited about your company’s mission or customers, you can still adopt a service attitude by thinking about how your work 42 those you love. Consider a study of women working in a shoe factory in Mexico. Researchers found that those who described the work as dull were generally less productive than those who said it was 43 . But the effects went away for those in the former group who saw the work (however boring) as a way to support their families. With that attitude, they were just as productive and 44 as the workers who didn’t mind the task. Not everyone finds their one true calling. But that doesn’t mean we’re fated to work meaningless jobs. If we 45 our tasks as opportunities to help others, any occupation can feel more significant. 31．A．progress B．trouble C．sense D．difference 32．A．carve out B．turn over C．pile up D．keep off 33．A．frustrated B．shocked C．inspired D．excited 34．A．meaningful B．demanding C．repetitive D．challenging 35．A．distinguished from B．exposed to C．associated with D．defined as 36．A．understanding B．existing C．producing D．giving 37．A．In conclusion B．After all C．By comparison D．In addition 38．A．as a whole B．in this way C．in public D．on average 39．A．advantage B．business C．objective D．construction 40．A．optimism B．information C．designs D．strategies 41．A．unpleasant B．dangerous C．productive D．urgent 42．A．gathers B．benefits C．worries D．entertains 43．A．embarrassing B．rewarding C．rough D．temporary 44．A．relaxed B．surprised C．confused D．energized 45．A．assign B．abandon C．neglect D．reframe 04 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海师范大学附属中学闵行分校2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试题 Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 46 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 47 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business— 48 that the customer remains a customer. 49 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing 50 , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost. Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 51 implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 52 in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to 53 increases of between 25 and 85 per cent. In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and 54 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 55 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience). The logic behind cultivating customer 56 is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 57 them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 58 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 59 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 60 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market. 46．A．in particular B．in reality C．at least D．first of all 47．A．emphasize B．doubt C．overlook D．believe 48．A．denying B．ensuring C．arguing D．proving 49．A．Moving B．Hoping C．Starting D．Failing 50．A．markets B．tastes C．prices D．expenses 51．A．culture B．social C．financial D．economical 52．A．promise B．plan C．mistake D．difference 53．A．cost B．opportunity C．profit D．budget 54．A．as a result B．on the whole C．in conclusion D．on the contrary 55．A．huge B．potential C．extra D．reasonable 56．A．beliefs B．loyalty C．habits D．interest 57．A．altering B．understanding C．keeping D．attracting 58．A．Assumed B．Respected C．Established D．Unexpected 59．A．agreeable B．flexible C．friendly D．sensitive 60．A．unfair B．difficult C．essential D．convenient 05 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市建平中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末教学质量检测英语试题 Taking A Vacation Could Help You Live Longer Thinking about skipping vacation days? Don’t. One of the longest follow-up studies in the world finds vacations can actually prolong your life. And if you think your spin classes (动感单车课程) and clean eating will make up for 61 your dream cruise trip and save you from your jam-packed, hard driving life, think again. An improved, healthier lifestyle doesn’t 62 working too hard and not taking your holidays, University of Helsinki professor Timo Strandberg said Tuesday at the annual European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Congress. “ 63 can be a good way to relieve stress.” The new findings are a part of the Helsinki Businessmen Study, research that for decades has 64 1,222 male executives born between 1919 and 1934. Each had at least one risk factor for heart disease, for example, smoking, 65 , or had high blood pressure. The research, which began in the 1960s, 66 into a longitudinal (纵向的) study and was extended through 2014, focusing in part on how mid-life risk factors can impact the 67 in old age. For the study, the men were split into two groups. In one control group, men lived their lives as they 68 did and did not meet with the study’s investigators. Men in the other group, a(n) 69 group, were given advice on how to improve their health. These men were asked to exercise, improve their diets, reach a healthy weight or stop smoking. At the study’s 15-year check-in, Strandberg found that if their vacations 70 , the men who improved their lifestyles had a 37 percent higher chance of death rate. What is to 71 ? Working too hard, not sleeping enough and not taking enough vacation. While 72 , this new research won’t likely impact most Americans’ vacation habits. Most American workers don’t get that many paid days to begin with. Even if they do have the time, many workers feel they can’t 73 it. Americans have put off vacation because they feel they have too much work to do and too many family 74 . Given that experts find that vacation can help you be more productive when you return to work, maybe it’s time to put forward the request for a few days 75 . 61．A．extending B．postponing C．planning D．locating 62．A．apply for B．sort out C．compensate for D．soak up 63．A．Vacations B．Work-outs C．Outlets D．Adventures 64．A．qualified B．counted C．motivated D．followed 65．A．mood B．gender C．obesity D．diet 66．A．halved B．fell C．evolved D．looked 67．A．perception B．status C．ambition D．well-being 68．A．eventually B．usually C．individually D．attentively 69．A．intervention B．selection C．witness D．supervision 70．A．added up B．faded away C．stood out D．fell short 71．A．emerge B．blame C．escape D．rescue 72．A．dramatic B．ideal C．awkward D．delicate 73．A．exclude B．afford C．involve D．stretch 74．A．operations B．versions C．obligations D．generations 75．A．over B．in C．down D．off 06 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试卷 In Dad’s Army, a British sitcom(情景喜剧) about a home-defense Force, Sergeant (中士) Wilson would often  cast doubt on his commander’s various orders with the phrase “Do you think that’s wise, sir?” His doubt, although  often ignored, was usually 76 . Many employees must be tempted to imitate Sgt. Wilson when they see their bosses headed down the wrong track. But caution often leads workers to keep silent for fear of appearing foolish and offensive and 77 being at high risk of losing their jobs. A culture of silence can be dangerous, argues a new book The Fearless Organization, by Amy Edmondson, a professor at Harvard Business School. Some of her cases are from the 78 industry, where staff felt too powerless to make any changes due to their ranks. One was its deadliest accident: a crash between two Boeing-747s in the Canary Islands occurred in 1977 when a co-pilot felt unable to 79 his captain into changing the decision to take off. Another case was that of the Columbia space shuttle in 2003; an engineer who may have diagnosed damage to the shuttle’s wing before the flight felt unable to speak as he was “too 80 ” at NASA． In a corporate culture based on 81 and obedience, it may appear that targets are being achieved. But in the long run the effect is likely to be counterproductive (适得其反的). Studies show that fear 82 learning. And when faced with a problem, scared workers find ways of 83 it or getting around it with inefficient practices. The solution is to create an atmosphere of “psychological safety” whereby workers can speak their minds. It does not mean that workers, or their ideas, are 84 criticism, or that they should complain continuously. In a sense, this method is the 85 of Toyota’s “lean manufacturing” process, which allows any worker who spots a problem to stop the production line. Pixar, the production firm, created what it called a “Braintrust” to give 86 to film directors. The rules were that advice should be constructive and about the idea, not the person, and that filmmakers should not be 87 in response. And psychological safety is not about whistleblowing (检举). Indeed, if an employee feels the need to act as a whistleblower by speaking to external 88 , it suggests employers have not created an environment within the firm where criticism can be 89 . Nor is such a culture only about safety or avoiding mistakes. As mundane (单调的) tasks are automated, and workers rely on computers for data analysis, the added value of humans will stem from their 90 . But as Ms. Edmondson’s book demonstrates, it is hard to be either constructive or creative if you are not confident about speaking out. 76．A．justifiable B．pointless C．inevitable D．ridiculous 77．A．on the whole B．in conclusion C．as a result D．on the contrary 78．A．airline B．manufacturing C．service D．advertising 79．A．weigh B．reason C．applaud D．channel 80．A．offensive B．ambitious C．aggressive D．humble 81．A．imitation B．fear C．efficiency D．competition 82．A．motivates B．facilitates C．maintains D．prevents 83．A．spoiling B．polishing C．masking D．exploiting 84．A．subject to B．immune from C．concerned with D．dependent on 85．A．equivalent B．object C．argument D．criticism 86．A．priority B．motivation C．access D．feedback 87．A．optimistic B．objective C．defensive D．passive 88．A．authorities B．elements C．networks D．whistleblowers 89．A．rejected B．eliminated C．voiced D．questioned 90．A．competitiveness B．inventiveness C．carefulness D．selflessness 07 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学国际部2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试卷 Tom Smith rose from the unknown of a small farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need. It was a need that he first 91 back in 1906 when young Tom was a junior at State Teachers College in Warrensburg. To get an 92 , he was struggling against many difficulties. His family was poor. His dad couldn’t afford the 93 at college, so Tom had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes. Study had to be done 94 his farm-work routines. He withdrew from many school activities 95 he didn’t have the time or the 96 . He had only one good suit. He 97 for the football team, but the coach turned him down for being too 98 . During this period Tom was slowly 99 an inferiority complex(自卑感), which his mother knew could 100 him from achieving his real potential. She 101 that Tom join the debating team, believing that 102 in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed. Tom took his mother’s advice, tried desperately and after several attempts 103 made it. This proved to be a 104 point in his life. Speaking before groups did help him gain the 105 he needed. By the time Tom was a senior, he had won every top honor in 106 . Now other students were coming to him for 107 and they, in turn, were winning contests. Out of this early struggle to 108 his feelings of inferiority, Tom came to understand that the ability to 109 an idea to an audience builds a person’s confidence. And, with it, Tom knew he could do anything he wanted to do—and 110 could others. 91．A．admitted B．filled C．supplied D．recognized 92．A．assignment B．education C．advantage D．instruction 93．A．training B．board C．teaching D．equipment 94．A．between B．during C．over D．through 95．A．while B．when C．because D．though 96．A．permits B．interest C．talent D．clothes 97．A．looked B．tried C．decided D．worked 98．A．light B．flexible C．optimistic D．outgoing 99．A．gaining B．achieving C．developing D．obtaining 100．A．prevent B．protect C．save D．free 101．A．suggested B．demanded C．required D．insisted 102．A．presence B．practice C．patience D．potential 103．A．hopefully B．certainly C．finally D．naturally 104．A．key B．breaking C．basic D．turning 105．A．progress B．experience C．ability D．confidence 106．A．horse-riding B．football C．speech D．farming 107．A．confidence B．money C．coaching D．honour 108．A．convey B．overcome C．understand D．build 109．A．express B．stress C．contribute D．repeat 110．A．really B．then C．neither D．so 08 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市浦东新区东昌中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题 Once upon a time there lived in Germany two brothers who loved a good story — one with magic and danger, royalty and villains (恶棍). At school they met a wise man who led them to a treasure — a library of old books with tales more fascinating than any they had ever heard. 111 , the brothers began collecting their own stories, listening to the folktales people told them. Soon they 112 their own treasure — a book of fairy tales that would charm millions in faraway lands for generations to come. The brothers Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm, named their story collection Children’s and Household Tales and published it in Germany in 1812. The collection which has been translated into more than 160 languages up to now is a publishing 113 . The stories and their characters have appeared in theatre, opera, comic books, movies, paintings, rock music, advertising and even fashion. Such 114 would have shocked the modest Grimms. During their lifetimes the book sold few copies in Germany. The early editions were not even 115 children. They had no illustrations, and scholarly footnotes took up almost as much space as the tales themselves. Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm viewed themselves as 116 students of folklore. They began their work at a time when Germany had been occupied by the French under Napoleon. As young scholars, the brothers Grimm began to work on the fairy tale collection in order to save the endangered oral storytelling tradition of Germany. Long before the Grimms’ time, 117 developed in inns, barns, and peasant homes. During winter nights, as they sat spinning wood, women kept each other company and entertained each other with tales of adventure, romance and magic. 118 , 40 such storytellers delivered tales to the Grimms, many of them coming to their house in Kassel. Although the brothers implied that they were just 119 the tales, Wilhelm polished and reshaped the stories up to the final edition of 1857. In an effort to make them more 120 to children and their parents, he stressed the moral of each tale and emphasized gender roles. According to the Grimms, the collection served as “a manual of 121 .” To this day, parents read them to their children because they approve of the lessons in the stories: keep your promises, don’t talk to strangers, work hard, obey your parents. So what 122 their popularity? Some have suggested that it is because the characters are always striving for happiness. But the truth probably lies in their 123 . The Grimms’ tales were born out of a storytelling tradition without 124 of age or culture. The brothers’ skill was to translate these into a universal style of writing that seems to mirror whatever moods or interests we bring to our 125 of them. And so it was that the Grimms’ fairy tales lived happily ever after. 111．A．Inspired B．Disappointed C．Discouraged D．Relieved 112．A．estimated B．produced C．sacrificed D．stocked 113．A．medium B．partnership C．finding D．wonder 114．A．quality B．wealth C．fame D．benefit 115．A．marked as B．robbed of C．aimed at D．prevented from 116．A．intelligent B．hardworking C．peculiar D．patriotic 117．A．collection B．storytelling C．entertainment D．meeting 118．A．Besides B．Altogether C．However D．Similarly 119．A．creating B．developing C．reviewing D．recording 120．A．accustomed B．acceptable C．cruel D．compared 121．A．manners B．parentship C．publishing D．adaptation 122．A．results from B．depends on C．accounts for D．responds to 123．A．appeal B．flexibility C．availability D．origin 124．A．boundaries B．influences C．indications D．distributions 125．A．writing B．sharing C．reading D．beginning 09 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市黄浦区2023-2024学年高一下学期6月期末英语试题 My daughter had just turned five when I took her to go grocery shopping with me one day. There on display was the most beautiful toilet paper she had ever seen, for it was pink. During 126 awareness month, the toilet paper company had made their products pink, with a part of each sale’s profits helping the people in need. And my daughter simply had to have it. She begged with her sweetest pretty pleases. Of course I 127 her request, explaining that it was pink to raise awareness of kindness and that 128 of the money we were paying was going towards helping others. My little girl sat in the cart, holding her package of pink toilet paper. She could not contain her excitement and talked on and on. On the way out, she retold to the cashier everything she could remember about the 129 of the colored toilet paper. Her 130 spread among the other customers, and several more packages went through the checkouts that morning. My daughter carried the tower of toilet paper into the house herself and dragged it upstairs, which was a great 131 considering the package stood as tall as she did. That evening, I walked into the bathroom to find all the rolls 132 stored in the cupboard, in the shape of a lovely castle. She began in all seriousness as she ceremoniously (隆重地) 133 a half used white roll on the holder with a new pink one, “ 134 I use it, I will remember to pray for all those people who are 135 right now.” 126．A．beauty B．charity C．culture D．environment 127．A．put in B．agreed to C．turned down D．responded to 128．A．all B．more C．none D．some 129．A．usage B．price C．meaning D．misunderstanding 130．A．calmness B．confidence C．passion D．patience 131．A．achievement B．expectation C．independence D．responsibility 132．A．neatly B．messily C．casually D．naturally 133．A．combined B．compared C．mixed D．replaced 134．A．In case B．Now that C．Every time D．Even though 135．A．in common B．in silence C．in trouble D．in practice 10 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市育才中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷 Pasta: Loved the World Over What is the world’s favorite when it comes to food? According to a global survey by the U.K. based charity Oxfam, pasta is number one, ahead of meat, rice and pizza. 136 being popular in European countries, pasta is one of the favorites in countries such as the Philippines, Brazil and South Africa. Global sales figures also 137 the world’s love afrair with pasta — they have risen from U.S. $13bn in 2003 to U.S. $16bn in 2010. Analysts predict sales will hit U.S.$19bn by 2015, 138 rising wheat costs. So how did the dish so closely 139 ltaly become a staple of so many tables around the globe? It’s because it is cheap, versatile and convenient, says Jim Winship from the U.K.-based Pizza, Pasta and ltalian Food Association. A sauce to go with it can be made from simple 140 . “You can create lots of 141 dishes with it. It tastes good and it’s filling. It also has a long shelf life, so you can keep it in the larder (食品储藏室) 142 you need to put a meal together.” But that’s only part of its success. Pasta is also relatively easy to 143 and transport around the world, making it a popular product with 144 as well. “It’s always been a(n) 145 product,” says John Dickie, professor in Italian Studies at University College London and author of Delizia! A History of the ltalians and Their Food. “It is 146 one of the things that have contributed to its success — it’s easy to transport and has a long shelf life. It has 147 genes.” Tim Lang, professor of food policy at City University London, says technological advances in the 19 century 148 pasta to be produced on a big scale. But the Industrial Revolution did that for everything else, he adds, and the reason pasta had been 149 successful was because people liked it and the ltalian way of life. “It’s a(n) 150 phenomenon, not an industrial phenomenon,” he says. “People like the ltalian way of life and their simple staple foods.” 136．A．Instead of B．In case of C．As well as D．In terms of 137．A．detect B．reflect C．predict D．analyze 138．A．despite B．given C．as a result of D．in addition to 139．A．involving B．surrounding C．fixed in D．associated with 140．A．choices B．kitchens C．ingredients D．ideas 141．A．delicate B．different C．Italian D．challenging 142．A．if B．until C．as soon as D．whenever 143．A．cook B．recycle C．mass produce D．grow 144．A．food companies B．housewives C．children D．office workers 145．A．agricultural B．industrial C．eco-friendly D．healthy 146．A．definitely B．unlikely C．by no means D．merely 147．A．commercial B．cultural C．delicious D．artistic 148．A．urged B．advised C．allowed D．required 149．A．less B．particularly C．exclusively D．barely 150．A．economic B．regional C．cultural D．accidental 1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$