专题03 阅读理解说明文（浙江专用）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末真题分类汇编

专题02 阅读理解说明文（浙江专用） C 话题一：人与社会 1.（23-24高一下·浙江省台州市·期末） Do you ever get restless if you haven’t checked your phone for a few minutes? If so, you’re not alone. Studies show that people these days check their phones once every four minutes on average! Some of this usage may be related to work. However, much of it is because many apps —particularly social media apps—use “clever techniques” to keep us coming back for more. One of such techniques is to push notifications. You’re getting on with your work or something else when—ping!—a notification pops up on your screen, informing you that a friend has posted something new or commented on your post. It may seem like a small interruption, but it often is enough to break your concentration and make you go back to your phone again. Another method is to make a game of the in-app experience by setting up a competitive goal element. Some apps, for example, uses streaks (连续纪录), which count the number of days you have used the app. If you keep a streak going, you might get a medal or some other rewards. Therefore, keeping one’s streak alive becomes a major reason to return to the app again and again. Once you’ve opened an app, its goal is now to get you continue using it. Messaging apps use a simple but effective trick (伎俩) to keep you engaged even when you’re not writing anything. Have you ever noticed that in some apps, three dots (…) appear to let you know your friend is typing a reply? This trick is designed specifically to create your expectation or curiosity. You wonder what your friend is going to say. Well, you’ll have to keep waiting and see. While using social media apps is certainly fun, becoming addicted definitely isn’t. Now that you know some tricks used by these apps’ designers, you’ll be better equipped to reduce their influence and keep a healthier relationship with your phone. 28.How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1? A．By raising a question. B．By quoting a saying. C．By making a comparison. D．By doing an experiment. 29.How many “clever techniques” are mentioned in the text? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 30.What is special about an app using streaks? A．Ongoing pings will inform you of new posts. B．Competitive games will greatly discourage you. C．Everyday use of the app might earn you a medal. D．Appearance of three dots might disturb your typing. 31.What is the best title for the text? A．Can People Break Their Addition to Games? B．Could Technology Further Improve Phones? C．The Social Media Apps That Waste Your Time D．The Tricks That Keep You Glued to Your Phone 【答案】28.A 29.B 30.C 31.D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了消息推送通知以及其他技术使我们离不开手机，然而这是商家的一个技巧而已。既然你知道了这些应用程序设计者使用的一些技巧，你就可以更好地减少它们的影响，并与你的手机保持更健康的关系。 28.细节理解题。根据第一段“Do you ever get restless if you haven’t checked your phone for a few minutes? (如果你有几分钟没有检查手机，你会感到不安吗？)”可知第一段通过一个问题引出了第一段，故选A项。 29.细节理解题。根据第二段“One of such techniques is to push notifications(其中一种技术是推送通知)”、第三段“Another method is to make a game of the in-app experience by setting up a competitive goal element.( 另一种方法是通过设置竞争目标元素，形成应用内体验把戏)”以及倒数第二段“Messaging apps use a simple but effective trick (伎俩) to keep you engaged even when you’re not writing anything.( 消息应用程序使用了一个简单但有效的技巧，即使你什么都不写，也能让你保持参与)”可知，本文共提到了三种巧妙的技巧，故选B项。 30.细节理解题。根据第三段“Some apps, for example, uses streaks (连续纪录), which count the number of days you have used the app. If you keep a streak going, you might get a medal or some other rewards. Therefore, keeping one’s streak alive becomes a major reason to return to the app again and again.( 例如，有些应用程序使用条纹，它计算你使用该应用程序的天数。如果你保持连胜，你可能会获得奖牌或其他奖励。因此，保持连胜成为一次又一次重返应用程序的主要原因)”可知，使用连续记录的应用程序的特别之处是每天使用应用程序可能会为你赢得奖牌，故选C项。 31.主旨大意题。根据第一段“However, much of it is because many apps —particularly social media apps—use “clever techniques” to keep us coming back for more(然而，这在很大程度上是因为许多应用程序，尤其是社交媒体应用程序，使用“巧妙的技术”来让我们获得更多)”、第二段“One of such techniques is to push notifications(其中一种技术是推送通知)”、第三段“Another method is to make a game of the in-app experience by setting up a competitive goal element.(另一种方法是通过设置竞争目标元素，形成应用内体验把戏)”以及最后一段“While using social media apps is certainly fun, becoming addicted definitely isn’t. Now that you know some tricks used by these apps’ designers, you’ll be better equipped to reduce their influence and keep a healthier relationship with your phone.(虽然使用社交媒体应用程序当然很有趣，但上瘾绝对不是。既然你知道了这些应用程序设计者使用的一些技巧，你就可以更好地减少它们的影响，并与你的手机保持更健康的关系)”可知本文主要讲的是商家设计的使你离不开手机的技巧，D项“使你离不开手机的技巧”适合作文章标题，故选D项。 2.（23-24高一下·浙江省衢州市·期末） We are seeing the risks that A．I. presents to society. Deep fakes, a form of photoshop that creates realistic images with the help of A．I. learning, has been used for news reports. Chatbots and A．I. software have a well-documented history of showing racist behavior. The potential widespread job loss at the hands of A．I. puts us all at risk for economic and political trouble. In response, many people have called for increased regulation (监管). But most policymakers simply do not understand artificial intelligence enough to carry out meaningful regulations, and the speed at which A．I. is progressing makes it nearly impossible for them to catch up. The real solution? An A．I. pause, a short-time stop. Already, the idea has been supported by over 1,100 individuals involved in the artificial intelligence community. Under an A．I. pause, no development or research, academic or business, could be done to advance artificial intelligence beyond a certain “power level”. This would give governments the time to analyze and regulate the artificial intelligence field. They would be able to establish policies to protect the jobs of groups like truck drivers whose jobs could be wiped out by A．I.-driven cars. They could create bottom-line standards for crime recognition software to pass before it could be used by local police. On top of that, an A．I. pause could also be good to the companies and research groups developing A．I. models. A pause in the “A．I. arms race” could allow groups like OpenAI to devote more resources to addressing the faults in their current A．I. software rather than rushing to develop more advanced models. A pause could ultimately lead to a superior final product. A．I. could be one of the most beneficial inventions to the human race, but it could also be one of the most societally cataclysmic. With an A．I. pause, we’ll have the opportunity to improve upon and understand A．I. technology, while ensuring that its development is in harmony with our society. 28.What does the author imply in paragraph 2? A．A．I. is growing under control. B．Regulations make little difference. C．The government won’t fail to regulate A．I. D．Politicians should keep a closer eye on A．I. 29.What is the main idea of paragraphs 4 and 5? A．The reasons for an A．I. pause. B．The problems of an A．I. pause. C．The definition of an A．I. pause. D．The benefits of an A．I. pause. 30.What does the “A．I. arms race”  in paragraph 5 refer to? A．A contest to build arms for robots. B．A contest to develop A．I. for the military. C．A competition for advanced A．I. technologies. D．A competition for A．I.-powered sports equipment. 31.What does the underlined word “cataclysmic” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Disastrous. B．Inspiring. C．Beneficial. D．Widespread. 【答案】28.B 29.D 30.C 31.A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述人工智能给社会带来潜在的风险，对此真正的解决方案是暂停AI系统开发，并描述了这样做的好处。 28.推理判断题。根据第二段“In response, many people have called for increased regulation (监管). But most policymakers simply do not understand artificial intelligence enough to carry out meaningful regulations, and the speed at which A. I. is progressing makes it nearly impossible for them to catch up.(对此，许多人呼吁加强监管。但大多数政策制定者对人工智能的了解还不足以实施有意义的法规，而人工智能的发展速度使他们几乎不可能赶上)”可知，监管没有什么作用。故选B。 29.主旨大意题。根据第四段中“This would give governments the time to analyze and regulate the artificial intelligence field.(这将使政府有时间分析和规范人工智能领域)”和第五段中“On top of that, an A. I. pause could also be good to the companies and research groups developing A. I. models.(最重要的是，暂停人工智能也可能对开发人工智能模型的公司和研究团体有好处)”可知，这两段讲述了暂停AI开发的好处，故选D。 30.词句猜测题。根据第五段中“On top of that, an A. I. pause could also be good to the companies and research groups developing A. I. models. A pause in the “A. I. arms race” could allow groups like OpenAI to devote more resources to addressing the faults in their current A. I. software rather than rushing to develop more advanced models.(最重要的是，暂停人工智能也可能对开发人工智能模型的公司和研究团体有好处。‘人工智能军备竞赛’的暂停可以让像OpenAI这样的组织投入更多的资源来解决他们当前人工智能软件中的缺陷，而不是急于开发更先进的模型)”可知，“人工智能军备竞赛”指的是开发先进人工智能技术的竞赛，故选C。 31.词句猜测题。根据划线词前“A. I. could be one of the most beneficial inventions to the human race(人工智能可能是对人类最有益的发明之一)”和转折词but可知，此处是描述人工智能的利弊，指“但它也可能是最具社会灾难性的发明之一”，cataclysmic意为“灾难性的”，故选A。 3.（23-24高一下·浙江省宁波市慈溪市·期末） The Paris Olympics are getting ready to defend against cyberattacks (网络攻击), with the threat possibly coming from criminals. “We are worried about everything from the broadcasters to the sponsors, transport infrastructures (基础设施) and support, and competitions. Any kind of attack is on the table,” said John Hultquist, an analyst at Mandiant Consulting, a US cybersecurity consultancy firm. His concern is reasonable, as cyberattacks are surprisingly common during the Olympic Games. The first cyberattack on the Olympics was in Montreal in 1976. Many events had to be postponed or moved because of the 48-hour electrical disruption. Tokyo Olympics in 2021 reported 450 million cyberattacks — which doubled the number experienced during the 2012 London Olympics. However, it’s important to note that the Paris Olympics will make the first attempt to take heavy advantage of artificial intelligence (AI) in its operation. “AI will have a huge impact on us,” a senior French military official stated. “It will allow us to rearrange data faster and extract key events, which will help fight back.” However, he also warned that there are many enemies and the resources may not be enough to deal with all possible attacks. These attacks could target gyms, local transportation such as trains and subways, Paris’ electricity and water systems, phone networks, and media reporting of the Games. The highest risk involves disruption of infrastructures and broadcasts. Furthermore, attacks could extend beyond the Games with the spread of fake videos about the events. Deepfake videos could be used to distract from the reality of particular events. Hultquist also warned that competition results could be tampered (篡改) with, highlighting the potential for interference (干扰) with cameras, timekeeping devices, and scoreboards. Talking about the importance of data security, he recommended keeping systems isolated (隔离的) and using paper backups for scores to ensure their security. 28.What does the underlined phrase “on the table” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Ready. B．Harmful. C．Possible. D．Preventable. 29.Why are many Olympics in the history mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To give the evidence of John’s worry. B．To specify the figures of the cyberattacks. C．To highlight the sharp increase in cyberattacks. D．To illustrate the bad effect caused by the disruption. 30.What is the senior French military official’s attitude toward the use of AI in the Paris Olympics? A．Curious but opposed. B．Positive and optimistic. C．Supportive but cautious. D．Uninterested and doubtful. 31.What are the last two paragraphs mainly about? A．The high risks and their influences. B．Safety concerns of the event and the solutions. C．The impact of deepfake videos and related measures. D．The potential interference and the importance of security. 【答案】28.C 29.A 30.C 31.B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了巴黎奥运会正准备防范网络攻击，威胁可能来自犯罪分子。这样的担忧不无道理，因为网络攻击在奥运会期间出人意料地普遍。 28.词句猜测题。根据第一段“The Paris Olympics are getting ready to defend against cyberattacks (网络攻击), with the threat possibly coming from criminals.(巴黎奥运会正准备防范网络攻击，威胁可能来自犯罪分子)”以及划线词上文“We are worried about everything from the broadcasters to the sponsors, transport infrastructures (基础设施) and support, and competitions.(我们对转播商、赞助商、交通基础设施和支持以及比赛等一切都感到担忧)”以及“Any kind of attack is”可知，上文提到他们对一切网络攻击都感到担忧，由此说明任何形式的网络攻击都是可能的。故划线词意思是“可能的”。故选C。 29.推理判断题。根据第三段“His concern is reasonable, as cyberattacks are surprisingly common during the Olympic Games. The first cyberattack on the Olympics was in Montreal in 1976. Many events had to be postponed or moved because of the 48-hour electrical disruption. Tokyo Olympics in 2021 reported 450 million cyberattacks — which doubled the number experienced during the 2012 London Olympics.(他的担忧不无道理，因为网络攻击在奥运会期间出人意料地普遍。第一次针对奥运会的网络攻击发生在1976年的蒙特利尔奥运会。由于48小时的电力中断，许多活动不得不推迟或转移。2021年东京奥运会报告了4.5亿次网络攻击，是2012年伦敦奥运会的两倍)”可知，提到历史上的许多奥运会是为了给出约翰担心的证据。故选A。 30.推理判断题。根据第四段““AI will have a huge impact on us,” a senior French military official stated. “It will allow us to rearrange data faster and extract key events, which will help fight back.” However, he also warned that there are many enemies and the resources may not be enough to deal with all possible attacks.( 法国军方一位高级官员表示：“人工智能将对我们产生巨大影响。”“它将使我们能够更快地重新排列数据并提取关键事件，这将有助于反击。”然而，他也警告说，敌人很多，资源可能不足以应对所有可能的袭击)”可知，法国军方高级官员对在巴黎奥运会上使用人工智能持支持但谨慎态度。故选C。 31.主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“These attacks could target gyms, local transportation such as trains and subways, Paris’ electricity and water systems, phone networks, and media reporting of the Games. The highest risk involves disruption of infrastructures and broadcasts. Furthermore, attacks could extend beyond the Games with the spread of fake videos about the events. Deepfake videos could be used to distract from the reality of particular events.(这些攻击的目标可能是健身房、火车和地铁等当地交通工具、巴黎的电力和供水系统、电话网络以及媒体对奥运会的报道。最大的风险是基础设施和广播中断。此外，随着有关奥运会的虚假视频的传播，攻击可能会延伸到奥运会之外。深度造假视频可以用来分散人们对特定事件现实的注意力)”以及最后一段“Hultquist also warned that competition results could be tampered (篡改) with, highlighting the potential for interference (干扰) with cameras, timekeeping devices, and scoreboards. Talking about the importance of data security, he recommended keeping systems isolated (隔离的) and using paper backups for scores to ensure their security.(胡尔特奎斯特还警告说，比赛结果可能被篡改，他强调了干扰摄像机、计时设备和记分牌的可能性。在谈到数据安全的重要性时，他建议保持系统隔离，并使用纸质备份来确保分数的安全性)”可知，最后两段主要讲的是活动的安全问题及解决方案。故选B。 4.（23-24高一下·浙江省丽水市·期末） Lichens (地衣) cover as much as 8% of the planet’s surface, an area larger than that covered by tropical rain-forests. They can be found growing on bark, rocks or walls; in woodlands, deserts or tundra. Some lichens are familiar to the herbalists who find uses through the “Doctrine of Signatures” (形象学说). For example, species of Lobaria are used to treat lung diseases because of their lung-like appearance. Lichens have also been used for their chemical components. Lichens provide natural dye (染色) stuff in many traditional cultures around the world, including the famous Harris tweed woolens of Scotland. Lichens are also used in the production of perfumes. For example, “oak moss” was used as a component of several high quality French perfumes in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Lichens also provide many important ecosystem services. Lichens contribute to biodiversity — they are found in all biomes. Some lichens are pioneers, so they are often the first to occupy newly exposed surfaces. Lichens also contribute to nutrient cycling. In some old-growth forests, lichens contribute up to 50% of the nitrogen. Many animals use lichens. Up to 90% of reindeer’s winter food consists of lichens, and other animals use lichens for nesting material or hiding places. Lichens can also inform us about the condition of our environment. Many lichens require very specific environmental conditions. For example, presence of certain lichens can be an indicator of climate change. Some lichens are sensitive to air pollution and will disappear when air quality is poor. Lichens are important also because they are beautiful to look at. How colorful would the rocks and cliffs be in the Rocky Mountains without the reds, yellows and greens of the crust lichens? Without these living creatures, our natural areas would look pretty boring and a little more lifeless. 28.How does the author introduce lichens in paragraph 1? A．By explaining the standard definition. B．By describing the growing process. C．By stating the wide range of coverage. D．By showing the diverse species. 29.Which of the following functions are lichens least likely to perform? A．To treat lung disorders. B．To dye natural stuff. C．To make perfumes. D．To remove chemicals. 30.Why are lichens important for assessing environmental conditions? A．They are sensitive to air quality. B．They can survive in extreme weather. C．They provide nesting material for birds. D．They indicate old-growth conditions. 31.What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】28.C 29.D 30.A 31.D 【导语】本文是说明文。这篇文章详细说明了地衣（Lichens）的特性、用途、生态价值以及它们对环境的指示作用。 28.细节理解题。根据第一段“Lichens (地衣) cover as much as 8% of the planet’s surface, an area larger than that covered by tropical rain-forests. They can be found growing on bark, rocks or walls; in woodlands, deserts or tundra. (地衣覆盖了地球表面的8%，比热带雨林覆盖的面积还要大。它们可以生长在树皮、岩石或墙壁上；在林地、沙漠或冻土带。)”可知，本段作者说明广泛的覆盖范围来介绍地衣的。故选C项。 29.细节理解题。根据第二段“Some lichens are familiar to the herbalists who find uses through the “Doctrine of Signatures” (形象学说). For example, species of Lobaria are used to treat lung diseases because of their lung-like appearance. Lichens have also been used for their chemical components. Lichens provide natural dye (染色) stuff in many traditional cultures around the world, including the famous Harris tweed woolens of Scotland. Lichens are also used in the production of perfumes. For example, “oak moss” was used as a component of several high quality French perfumes in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. (一些地衣是草药医生熟悉的，他们通过“签名学说”找到了用途。例如，Lobaria的种类被用来治疗肺部疾病，因为它们的外观像肺。地衣也因其化学成分而被使用。地衣为世界各地的许多传统文化提供天然染料，包括苏格兰著名的哈里斯粗花呢羊毛。地衣也用于香水的生产。例如，“橡树苔”在19世纪末和20世纪初被用作几种高品质法国香水的成分。)”可知，作者提到了地衣可以治疗肺部疾病；给天然的东西染色；做香水。没有提到去除化学物质。故选D项。 30.细节理解题。根据第三段“Lichens can also inform us about the condition of our environment. Many lichens require very specific environmental conditions. For example, presence of certain lichens can be an indicator of climate change. Some lichens are sensitive to air pollution and will disappear when air quality is poor. (地衣还可以告诉我们环境的状况。许多地衣需要非常特殊的环境条件。例如，某些地衣的存在可能是气候变化的一个指标。有些地衣对空气污染很敏感，当空气质量差时就会消失。)”可知，因为他们对空气质量很敏感，所以地衣对评估环境状况很重要。故选A项。 31.推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一段介绍了地衣的覆盖范围，之后第二，三，四段分别介绍了地衣的用途，特性和生态价值，所以本文是总分结构。故选D项。 5.（23-24高一下·浙江省湖州市·期末） After hours of working, many people experience significant drops in energy and find themselves in desperate need of a recharge. But instead of grabbing a coffee, it may be more worthwhile to take a short sleep break known as a power nap. A power nap can “provide the refreshment you need if you’re struggling to stay alert or haven’t had a good night’s sleep,” explains Rebecca Robbins, a sleep scientist. A power nap “gives people the chance to rest for a short period of time to boost workplace productivity (生产率),”she says, but they are only beneficial when they are done correctly. How long should a power nap be? Sleep experts say that an effective power nap should only last 20-30 minutes to increase alertness throughout the day. According to James Maas, a former professor and chair of psychology at Cornell University who invented the term “power nap” more than 50 years ago, “It’s an opportunity to shut your eyes, breathe slowly and recharge.” For most people, 15 minutes should be enough to power through the rest of the work day. However, Maas warns that lengthier naps are counterproductive and even harmful. “Never nap for 60 minutes. If you power nap any time longer than 40 minutes, you’re going to wake up feeling very weak and tired for another hour or so.” Shelby Harris, a clinical psychologist, adds that the best time to take your power nap is between 1 p. m. and 3 p. m. , because napping any later in the day “can interfere with your sleep at night.” In contrast to coffee, which is likely to “damage your sleep at night and only offer short term energy for about 30 minutes,” Robbins says a power nap is a healthier alternative to improve workplace performance, strengthen memory and boost creativity. Harris adds naps have long-term health benefits too, such as improving your mood and aiding in stress management. “Power naps can reduce accidents and mistakes while also improving attention, alertness, concentration and performance. They can even be used effectively to fight sleepy driving when a short nap is taken just before getting behind the wheel,” she says. 28.What did James Maas suggest about a power nap? A．The best time to nap is from 1 p. m. to 3 p. m. B．The longer you nap, the more refreshed you’ll be. C．It’s better to be kept within 15 minutes. D．Napping too long does more harm than good. 29.Good power naps have the following benefits except __________. A．contributing to our refreshment. B．improving our memory and mood. C．disturbing your sleep at night. D．helping effectively manage stress. 30.How does the author develop the passage? A．By giving definitions. B．By making comparisons. C．By showing examples. D．By quoting from others. 31.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Tips on Taking Power Naps B．Ways to Get You Refreshed C．The Benefits of a Power Nap D．Steps to Improve Your Sleep 【答案】28.D 29.C 30.D 31.A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是关于小睡的一些建议，以获取小睡带来的好处。 28.细节理解题。根据第四段中的“However, Maas warns that lengthier naps are counterproductive and even harmful. “Never nap for 60 minutes. If you power nap any time longer than 40 minutes, you’re going to wake up feeling very weak and tired for another hour or so.”(然而，Maas警告说，长时间的小睡会适得其反，甚至有害。“永远不要小睡60分钟。如果你小睡的时间超过40分钟，你醒来后会感到非常虚弱，在接下来的一个小时左右都会感到疲惫。”)”可知，Maas警告人们长时间的小睡会适得其反，甚至有害，小睡时间过长会感到非常虚弱和疲惫，由此可知，James Maas建议小睡时间不要太长。故选D项。 29.细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Shelby Harris, a clinical psychologist, adds that the best time to take your power nap is between 1 p. m. and 3 p. m. , because napping any later in the day “can interfere with your sleep at night. ”(临床心理学家谢尔比·哈里斯(Shelby Harris)补充说，小睡的最佳时间是下午1点到3点之间，因为再晚一点小睡“都会影响你晚上的睡眠”)”可知，小睡的时间在下午3点以后得话会影响到晚上的睡眠，所以C选项“影响晚上睡眠”不是小睡的好处。故选C项。 30.推理判断题。根据首段中的“But instead of grabbing a coffee, it may be more worthwhile to take a short sleep break known as a power nap.(但与其喝杯咖啡，不如小睡一会儿，这可能更有价值)”可知，在精神状态不佳时小睡一会儿比喝杯咖啡有价值，引出本文的主题，结合第二段中的“A power nap can “provide the refreshment you need if you’re struggling to stay alert or haven’t had a good night’s sleep,” explains Rebecca Robbins, a sleep scientist.(睡眠科学家丽贝卡·罗宾斯(Rebecca Robbins)解释说，小睡可以“在你难以保持清醒或一夜没睡好时，为你提供所需的精神恢复”)”、第三段中的“According to James Maas, a former professor and chair of psychology at Cornell University who invented the term “power nap” more than 50 years ago, “It’s an opportunity to shut your eyes, breathe slowly and recharge.”(50多年前，康奈尔大学前教授兼心理学主席James Maas发明了“小睡”一词，他说：“这是一个闭上眼睛、慢慢呼吸、充电的机会。”)”以及倒数第三段中的“Shelby Harris, a clinical psychologist, adds that the best time to take your power nap is between 1 p. m. and 3 p. m. , because napping any later in the day “can interfere with your sleep at night.”(临床心理学家谢尔比·哈里斯(Shelby Harris)补充说，小睡的最佳时间是下午1点到3点之间，因为再晚一点小睡“都会影响你晚上的睡眠”)”可知，在介绍小睡的相关情况时，作者引用了很多专家和研究者所说的话，由此可知，本文是通过引用别人的话展开文章的。故选D项。 31.主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“A power nap “gives people the chance to rest for a short period of time to boost workplace productivity (生产率),”she says, but they are only beneficial when they are done correctly.(她说，小睡“让人们有机会在短时间内休息，提高工作生产率”，但只有在正确的情况下，小睡才有益)”可知，小睡可以提高工作效率，但是要在正确的情况下才会有这样的效果，结合下文中介绍的小睡的时常、最佳小睡的时间以及正确的小睡带来的好处可知，本文主要讲述的是如何在“小睡”中受益，“关于小睡的建议”与本文内容吻合，且概括了文章的主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选A项。 话题二：人与自然 1.（23-24高一下·浙江省宁波九校·期末） In the spring, the western tanagers (唐纳雀) prepared to migrate (迁徙) thousands of miles to the forests of the Mountain West, flying through grasslands, deserts, and occasionally, suburban yards. To fuel them on their lengthy journey, western tanagers feed on insects and berries. They must take advantage of the early-season boom in insects that started with springtime plant growth to produce healthy young. But as global climate change caused spring to start earlier, birds such as western tanagers were arriving at their destination after what was known as “green-up”, when flowers began blooming and insects popped up. With the shift of the time when plants put out new leaves, western tanagers became more likely to reach their destinations when food is in shortage or after insect numbers have begun to drop. Scott Loss, a professor at Oklahoma State University and his colleagues used satellite imagery to calculate the average start of spring green-up along the typical migration routes of 150 North American bird species, and then compared that timing with the current green-up. They found that spring was indeed beginning earlier along birds’ migration routes. The trend continued this year. The paper continued to build this picture of the inability of birds to track the changing seasons caused by climate change. Timing mismatches between birds and their food could affect whether birds survived the migration and how many chicks they had. Morgan Tingley, a researcher at UCLA said that the migration research could indicate conservation efforts in the future. “Part of it suggested which species were vulnerable (易受伤害的) to various threats,” Tingley said. “This added to the knowledge about vulnerability of a wide range of bird species.” And he hoped that the information would serve to highlight the urgent need to lower greenhouse-gas emissions as fast as possible: “It was really important, if we couldn’t address climate change immediately, to try to stop habitat loss as much as we can.” 28.During the migration, what will happen to the western tanagers after “green-up” ? A．They will struggle to find enough insects and berries. B．They will have difficulty finding suitable nesting sites. C．They will hardly find blooming flowers for reproduction. D．They will find it hard to survive harsher weather conditions. 29.What is the direct result of the timing mismatch between birds and their food? A．The loss of birds’ habitats. B．The decrease of birds’ survival rate. C．The contribution to the greenhouse effect. D．The increase of difficulty in biodiversity conservation. 30.What is Morgan Tingley’s attitude towards the research findings in the last paragraph? A．Uncertain. B．Critical. C．Concerned. D．Indifferent. 31.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Diverse Patterns of Bird Migration B．The Timing Mismatch of Western Tanagers C．The Impact of Climate Change on Migratory Birds D．The Vulnerability of Bird Species to Various Threats 【答案】28.A 29.B 30.C 31.C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了气候变化影响了候鸟的生存，介绍了相关研究以及启发。 28.推理判断题。根据第二段“To fuel them on their lengthy journey, western tanagers feed on insects and berries.(为了在漫长的旅途中补充能量，唐纳雀以昆虫和浆果为食)”以及“With the shift of the time when plants put out new leaves, western tanagers became more likely to reach their destinations when food is in shortage or after insect numbers have begun to drop.(随着植物长新叶时间的改变，唐纳雀更有可能在食物短缺或昆虫数量开始下降时到达目的地)”可知，在迁移过程中，唐纳雀在“绿期”后将很难找到足够的昆虫和浆果。故选A。 29.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Timing mismatches between birds and their food could affect whether birds survived the migration and how many chicks they had.(鸟类和食物之间的时间不匹配可能会影响鸟类能否在迁徙中幸存下来，以及它们有多少只小鸟)”可知，鸟类和它们的食物之间的时间不匹配的直接结果是鸟类存活率的降低。故选B。 30.推理判断题。根据最后一段“And he hoped that the information would serve to highlight the urgent need to lower greenhouse-gas emissions as fast as possible: “It was really important, if we couldn’t address climate change immediately, to try to stop habitat loss as much as we can.”(他希望这些信息能够强调尽快降低温室气体排放的迫切需要：“如果我们不能立即解决气候变化问题，那么尽可能地阻止栖息地的丧失是非常重要的。”)”可知，Morgan Tingley对研究结果的态度是关切的。故选C。 31.主旨大意题。根据第二段“To fuel them on their lengthy journey, western tanagers feed on insects and berries. They must take advantage of the early-season boom in insects that started with springtime plant growth to produce healthy young. But as global climate change caused spring to start earlier, birds such as western tanagers were arriving at their destination after what was known as “green-up”, when flowers began blooming and insects popped up.(为了在漫长的旅途中补充能量，唐纳雀以昆虫和浆果为食。它们必须利用春季植物生长带来的早期昆虫繁盛来生产健康的后代。但随着全球气候变化导致春天提前到来，像唐纳雀这样的鸟类在所谓的“绿期”之后才到达目的地，这时花朵开始绽放，昆虫开始出现)”结合文章主要说明了气候变化影响了候鸟的生存，并介绍了相关研究以及启发。故C选项“气候变化对候鸟的影响”最符合文章标题。故选C。 2.（23-24高一下·浙江省温州市·期末） Everyone knows this: Slowly turn up the heat on a frog in a pot of water, and the frog won’t hop out. Unaware of the slight increase in heat, it will stay put until — well, until it dies. When it comes to the effect of rising global temperatures on amphibians (两栖动物), the frog-boiling fable is more than just a metaphor (隐喻). Climate change is becoming one of the biggest threats to frogs and other amphibians, according to a major study published Wednesday in the journal Nature. Between 2004 and 2022, rising temperatures became the primary reason why more than 100 amphibian species were slipping toward extinction. The spread of disease among frogs and the destruction of their habitats have long been recognized as reasons why many amphibians are decreasing. But this new study establishes climate change as a major risk for amphibians around the world, too. The soft-skinned animals lack the fur and feathers to help adjust their temperature in this hotter and more drought-stricken world. Less attention is paid to frogs and other amphibians compared to more well-known groups like birds. But losing amphibians would be disastrous because they often act as a key link in the food web of ecosystems, wolfing insects down and, in turn, being eaten by larger predators (捕食者).“Without those amphibians to fill that role, we will see the breakdown of this food web,” said Neam, who works for an Austin-based environmental group. Luckily, habitat protection and other conservation measures have been taken to help recover more than five dozen amphibians from Costa Rica to Malaysia. “It’s not all bad news,” said Jennifer Luedtke, an amphibian group leader of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. “But we really must build on this improvement and significantly increase investment in amphibian conservation.” 28.How is the topic introduced? A．By listing facts. B．By explaining ideas. C．By sharing a story. D．By raising a question. 29.What is the main reason for the decrease of amphibians according to the new study? A．The spread of disease. B．The loss of habitats. C．The rise of temperature. D．The lack of feathers. 30.What will happen if the number of amphibians decreases? A．The food chain will be destroyed. B．Wolves will depend more on insects. C．Predators will be the key role of the web. D．The ecosystem will become more diverse. 31.How does Luedtke feel about the future of amphibians? A．Worried. B．Hopeful. C．Uncertain. D．Curious. 【答案】28.C 29.C 30.A 31.B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现气候变化在导致两栖动物数量减少，分析了两栖动物数量减少会带来的影响。 28.推理判断题。根据第一段“Everyone knows this: Slowly turn up the heat on a frog in a pot of water, and the frog won’t hop out. Unaware of the slight increase in heat, it will stay put until — well, until it dies. When it comes to the effect of rising global temperatures on amphibians (两栖动物), the frog-boiling fable  is more than just a metaphor (隐喻).(每个人都知道这一点：在一锅水里慢慢地给青蛙加热，青蛙不会跳出来。没有意识到热量的轻微增加，它会一直呆在那里，直到——嗯，直到它死去。当谈到全球气温上升对两栖动物的影响时，煮青蛙的寓言不仅仅是一个比喻)”可知，文章通过分享故事引入。故选C。 29.细节理解题。根据第二段“Between 2004 and 2022, rising temperatures became the primary reason why more than 100 amphibian species were slipping toward extinction.(2004年至2022年间，气温上升成为100多种两栖动物濒临灭绝的主要原因)”可知，根据这项新研究，导致两栖动物数量减少的主要原因是温度的升高。故选C。 30.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Less attention is paid to frogs and other amphibians compared to more well-known groups like birds. But losing amphibians would be disastrous because they often act as a key link in the food web of ecosystems, wolfing insects down and, in turn, being eaten by larger predators (捕食者).“Without those amphibians to fill that role, we will see the breakdown of this food web,” said Neam, who works for an Austin-based environmental group.(与鸟类等更知名的群体相比，青蛙和其他两栖动物受到的关注较少。但是失去两栖动物将是灾难性的，因为它们通常是生态系统食物网的关键环节，它们吞噬昆虫，反过来又被更大的捕食者吃掉。“没有这些两栖动物来填补这个角色，我们将看到这个食物网的崩溃，”在奥斯汀一家环境组织工作的尼姆说)”可知，如果两栖动物的数量减少，食物链将被破坏。故选A。 31.推理判断题。根据““It’s not all bad news,” said Jennifer Luedtke, an amphibian group leader with the International Union for Conservation of Nature. “But we really must build on this improvement and significantly increase investment in amphibian conservation.”(“也不全是坏消息，”国际自然保护联盟两栖动物小组负责人珍妮弗·吕德克说。“但我们真的必须在这一改善的基础上，大幅增加对两栖动物保护的投资。”)”可知，吕德克对两栖动物的未来充满希望。故选B。 3（23-24高一下·浙江省金华市·期末） A new observation in Sumatra caught seasoned scientists by surprise. An orangutan (红毛猩猩) known as Rakus treated a fresh wound with a medicinal plant, making this the first time an animal has been seen applying a biologically active substance (物质) for its health benefits. This leaves scientists wondering: Did humans invent medicine, or does it pre-date our species? These animals are known to be among the most intelligent non-human primates (灵长类). They’ve been observed using tools, communicating vocally, and engaging in even more complex behaviors like calculated reciprocity, which involves aiding another orangutan with the expectation of being paid back. They can even use Skype with some help from humans. Roughly 60,000-70,000 of these creatures remain in the wild, about 15,000 of which live on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. That’s where the Suaq Project, part of the Max Planck Institute for Animal Behavior, observes orangutans in their natural habitat. The researchers noted in June that Rakus had a small wound on his face following a fight with another mature male orangutan. Several days later, Rakus did something no one had ever seen a primate do before. He began carefully picking the leaves from a climbing vine (藤蔓) known as akar  kuning. Local human populations have long used these leaves for pain relief and to treat conditions like malaria. Orangutans don’t usually eat these plants; indeed, Rakus didn’t eat them. He chewed (嚼碎) them and then applied the resulting paste to his facial wound. This is the first time researchers have seen such behavior in 21 years at the Sumatran research station. Wild orangutans are rarely injured, so this may be a rare but widespread behavior. Or perhaps Rakus is the only one that knows this trick. The researchers assumed that early humans may have learned about certain treatment by observing animals engaging in similar behaviors. And here we are, thousands of generations later, still watching and wondering just how smart they are. Increasingly, it looks like orangutans are one cave painting away from civilization. 28.Why does the author mention Skype in paragraph 2? A．To support an idea. B．To draw a conclusion. C．To explain a problem. D．To present a suggestion. 29.What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．How Rakus got injured. B．How Rakus treated his wound. C．What Rakus ate in the wild. D．What Rakus explored in the forest. 30.What can be inferred about the new observation? A．It proves the medical value of a plant leaf. B．It shows a widespread behavior among orangutans. C．It answers one of scientists’ questions about medicine. D．It adds evidence to show the intelligence of orangutans. 31.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Non-human Primates Seen Using Tools in the Wild B．Orangutans Proved to Be the Most Intelligent Primate C．A Project Observes Orangutans in Their Natural Habitat D．An Orangutan Observed Applying Medicinal Plant to a Wound 【答案】28.A 29.B 30.D 31.D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了观察大猩猩用植物治疗伤口的相关研究以及发现。 28.推理判断题。根据第二段“These animals are known to be among the most intelligent non-human primates (灵长类). They’ve been observed using tools, communicating vocally, and engaging in even more complex behaviors like calculated reciprocity, which involves aiding another orangutan with the expectation of being paid back. They can even use Skype with some help from humans.(这些动物被认为是最聪明的非人类灵长类动物之一。人们观察到它们使用工具，进行口头交流，并参与更复杂的行为，如计算互惠，这包括帮助另一只猩猩并期望得到回报。他们甚至可以在人类的帮助下使用Skype)”可知，作者在第二段提到Skype是为了支持“大猩猩被认为是最聪明的非人类灵长类动物之一”这一个想法。故选A。 29.主旨大意题。根据第四段“The researchers noted in June that Rakus had a small wound on his face following a fight with another mature male orangutan. Several days later, Rakus did something no one had ever seen a primate do before. He began carefully picking the leaves from a climbing vine (藤蔓) known as akar kuning. Local human populations have long used these leaves for pain relief and to treat conditions like malaria. Orangutans don’t usually eat these plants; indeed, Rakus didn’t eat them. He chewed (嚼碎) them and then applied the resulting paste to his facial wound.(研究人员在6月份注意到，拉库斯在与另一只成年雄性猩猩打架后，脸上有一个小伤口。几天后，拉库斯做了一件没人见过的灵长类动物做过的事。他开始小心翼翼地从一种叫akar kuning的藤蔓上采摘叶子。当地居民长期以来一直使用这些叶子来缓解疼痛和治疗疟疾等疾病。猩猩通常不吃这些植物；事实上，拉库斯并没有吃它们。他咀嚼它们，然后将产生的糊状物涂在脸上的伤口上)”可知，第四段的主要内容是拉库斯如何处理他的伤口。故选B。 30.推理判断题。根据最后一段“The researchers assumed that early humans may have learned about certain treatment by observing animals engaging in similar behaviors. And here we are, thousands of generations later, still watching and wondering just how smart they are. Increasingly, it looks like orangutans are one cave painting away from civilization.(研究人员认为，早期人类可能是通过观察动物的类似行为来了解某些治疗方法的。而我们，在几千代人之后，仍然在观察和好奇他们到底有多聪明。越来越多的迹象表明，猩猩似乎离人类文明只有一步之遥)”可知，新的观察结果增加了证明猩猩智力的证据。故选D。 31.主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new observation in Sumatra caught seasoned scientists by surprise. An orangutan (红毛猩猩) known as Rakus treated a fresh wound with a medicinal plant, making this the first time an animal has been seen applying a biologically active substance (物质) for its health benefits. This leaves scientists wondering: Did humans invent medicine, or does it pre-date our species?(在苏门答腊岛的一项新观察让经验丰富的科学家们大吃一惊。一只名为Rakus的猩猩用一种药用植物治疗了一个新伤口，这是第一次看到动物为了健康而使用生物活性物质。这让科学家们想知道：是人类发明了药物，还是早于我们的物种？)”结合文章主要介绍了观察大猩猩用植物治疗伤口的相关研究以及发现。可知，D选项“观察到一只猩猩将药用植物涂抹在伤口上”最符合文章标题。故选D。 4.（23-24高一下·浙江省杭州市·期末） These days, the skies don’t seem so inviting: Airfares are climbing. Passengers are fighting. Computer systems, and entire airlines, are melting down. Any of those might be reason enough for some to stay off a plane. But for a small, yet growing, number of travelers, the problem with air travel goes way further. They are giving up flying because of its effect on the climate. “I choose to stay grounded because it aligns (一致) with what is true,” said Dan Castrigano, 36, a former teacher who in 2020 signed a promise not to travel by air. “The climate is breaking down.” One Boeing 747 carrying 416 passengers from Heathrow Airport in London to Edinburgh produces the same carbon dioxide as 336 cars traveling the same distance, according to BBC Science Focus, a peer-reviewed magazine. That huge carbon footprint is leading many activists and scientists to issue cries to fly less, or not at all. There is perhaps no country with more anti-flight activists than Sweden, where by 2020, 15, 000 people had signed a nationwide promise to travel without flying for at least one year. The nonprofit behind that movement, We Stay on the Ground, is now raising funds and hopes to get 100, 000 signatories in the next few years. Swedes have coined a word, flygskam, to describe the shame associated with flying. We Stay on the Ground inspired the Flight Free movements in Britain and Australia, as well as Flight Free USA．There are other grass-roots movements, too: Stay Grounded, a global network of over 150 organizations promoting other means to travel, was founded in 2016 and has its headquarters in Austria; Byway, a British travel planning company founded during the Covid-19 lockdown, allows customers to plan flight-free routes across Europe. Airlines are taking efforts to make flying greener, with promises to achieve “net zero” carbon emissions (排放) in the next three decades. Activists say that progress isn’t coming fast enough and are pushing for frequent fliers to at least consider small changes, which they say could add up to big differences. 28.Who is the target audience of the passage? A．Airline workers. B．Government employees. C．Frequent fliers. D．Tour guides. 29.Why does the writer mention Dan Castrigano in paragraph 2? A．To give an example. B．To share a story. C．To present an issue. D．To express an opinion. 30.What can be implied from the passage? A．Flight shame goes global. B．Swedes are proud to travel by plane. C．People are trading wheels for wings. D．British are leading in action to fly less. 31.What is the author’s attitude towards the idea of giving up flying? A．Dissatisfied. B．Supportive. C．Worried. D．Confident. 【答案】28.C 29.A 30.A 31.B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今人们开始不再选择航空出现的现象，指出航空旅行对气候的影响。 28.推理判断题。根据第一段“These days, the skies don’t seem so inviting: Airfares are climbing. Passengers are fighting. Computer systems, and entire airlines, are melting down. Any of those might be reason enough for some to stay off a plane. (如今，天空似乎不那么诱人了：机票价格在上涨。乘客们在打架。计算机系统和整个航空公司都在崩溃。其中任何一个都可能是一些人远离飞机的足够理由。)”结合文章主要说明了如今人们开始不再选择航空出现的现象，指出航空旅行对气候的影响。可知，这篇文章的目标读者是经常飞行的人。故选C。 29.推理判断题。根据第二段““I choose to stay grounded because it aligns (一致) with what is true,” said Dan Castrigano, 36, a former teacher who in 2020 signed a promise not to travel by air. “The climate is breaking down.”(“我选择脚踏实地，因为这符合事实，”36岁的丹·卡斯特里加诺说。他曾是一名教师，在2020年签署了一份不乘飞机旅行的承诺。“气候正在崩溃。”)”可知，作者在第二段提到了丹·卡斯特里加诺是为了举例子。故选A。 30.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Swedes have coined a word, flygskam, to describe the shame associated with flying. We Stay on the Ground inspired the Flight Free movements in Britain and Australia, as well as Flight Free USA. There are other grass-roots movements, too: Stay Grounded, a global network of over 150 organizations promoting other means to travel, was founded in 2016 and has its headquarters in Austria; Byway, a British travel planning company founded during the Covid-19 lockdown, allows customers to plan flight-free routes across Europe. (瑞典人创造了一个词flygskam来形容与飞行有关的羞耻。我们呆在地上启发了英国和澳大利亚的自由飞行运动，以及美国的自由飞行运动。还有其他草根运动：2016年成立的Stay Grounded是一个由150多个组织组成的全球网络，推广其他旅行方式，总部设在奥地利；Byway是一家在新冠疫情封锁期间成立的英国旅行规划公司，该公司允许客户规划欧洲各地的无航班航线。)”可推知，飞行耻辱是全球性的。故选A。 31.推理判断题。根据第一段“But for a small, yet growing, number of travelers, the problem with air travel goes way further. They are giving up flying because of its effect on the climate. (但对于为数不多但仍在不断增长的旅行者来说，航空旅行的问题要严重得多。由于飞行对气候的影响，他们正在放弃飞行。)”以及文章主要分析了飞机对气候带来的负面影响，可推知，作者对放弃飞行的想法持支持态度。故选B。 5.（23-24高一下·浙江省台州市·期末） Babies as young as four months old can make sense of how their bodies interact with the space around them, according to a new research from the University of Birmingham. The findings, published in Scientific Reports, throw new light on how self-awareness develops. In the first stage, experts from the Birmingham Baby Lab showed babies a ball on a screen moving towards them. When the ball was closest to them on the screen, the babies were presented with a touch on their hands, while their brain activity was being measured. It was found that even in the first few months of life, before babies have even learned to reach for objects, the multisensory (多感官的) brain is wired up to make links between what babies see and what they feel. Dr Giulia Orioli, the study leader, said: “Since we know babies in the early stages of their development begin to show signs of this, it opens up questions about how much of these abilities are learned, or inborn.” Then a ball on a screen was shown moving away from them in the second stage. The experts found that in babies aged eight months old when the touch on their hand followed the ball on the screen moving away from them, the babies’ brain activity showed signs that they were amazed. The older babies’ responses suggest that they had not expected the touch. Next, the researchers are planning to follow up this study with younger participants, hoping to be able to see if there are early signs of these “multisensory” abilities in newborn babies. “It is a challenge working with newborns,” Dr Orioli concluded, “but we are starting to have some success working with this age group, and it is going to be fascinating to see if babies only a few days old have the foundations of a sense of their bodies in space. If so, it could be that we are looking at the origins of human consciousness.” 28.What can we learn about Stage 1 of the research? A．Babies’ multisensory abilities are learned. B．Babies learn to reach for objects earlier than expected. C．Babies connect what they see and feel in the first few months. D．Babies’ brain activity was measured when a ball touched them. 29.What is the babies’ response in Stage 2 of the research? A．Surprise. B．Fear. C．Calmness. D．Annoyance. 30.How does Dr Orioli feel about the future of this research? A．Doubtful. B．Hopeful. C．Puzzled. D．Worried. 31.Which one is the best title for the text? A．Babies’ Interaction with Balls Measured B．Origins of Human Consciousness Found C．Babies’ Multisensory Brain Developed at Birth D．Young Babies Showing Signs of Self-awareness 【答案】28.C 29.A 30.B 31.D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。根据伯明翰大学的一项新研究，4个月大的婴儿就能理解他们的身体是如何与周围的空间相互作用的。发表在《科学报告》上的研究结果，为自我意识的发展提供了新的视角。文章对此进行了详细介绍。 28.细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“It was found that even in the first few months of life, before babies have even learned to reach for objects, the multisensory (多感官的) brain is wired up to make links between what babies see and what they feel.(研究发现，即使在婴儿出生后的头几个月，在他们还没有学会伸手去拿东西之前，多感官大脑就已经开始连接起来，把婴儿看到的和感觉到的联系起来。)”可知，从研究的第一阶段可以了解到婴儿在最初的几个月里会把他们看到和感觉到的东西联系起来。故选C。 29.细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The experts found that in babies aged eight months old when the touch on their hand followed the ball on the screen moving away from them, the babies’ brain activity showed signs that they were amazed.(专家们发现，在8个月大的婴儿中，当他们的手触摸屏幕上的球远离他们时，婴儿的大脑活动显示出他们感到惊讶的迹象。)”可知，研究的第二阶段中婴儿的反应是惊讶。故选A。 30.推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句中的“but we are starting to have some success working with this age group, and it is going to be fascinating to see if babies only a few days old have the foundations of a sense of their bodies in space. If so, it could be that we are looking at the origins of human consciousness.(但是我们已经开始在这个年龄段取得了一些成功，看看几天大的婴儿是否已经有了在空间中感知自己身体的基础，这将是一件很有趣的事情。如果是这样的话，我们可能正在研究人类意识的起源。)”可知，Orioli博士对这项研究的未来感到很有希望。故选B。 31.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Babies as young as four months old can make sense of how their bodies interact with the space around them, according to a new research from the University of Birmingham. The findings, published in Scientific Reports, throw new light on how self-awareness develops.(根据伯明翰大学的一项新研究，4个月大的婴儿就能理解他们的身体是如何与周围的空间相互作用的。发表在《科学报告》上的研究结果，为自我意识的发展提供了新的视角。)”可知，文章主要是讲科学研究发现4个月大的婴儿就能理解他们的身体是如何与周围的空间相互作用的，这显示出了自我意识，D项“婴儿表现出自我意识的迹象”适合作文章标题。故选D。 D 话题一：人与社会 1.（23-24高一下·浙江省杭州市·期末） Life is busy. We’re always expected to be productive and engaged, whether that’s with parenting, housework, or work. While taking time for small rewards can feel like a luxury (奢侈), the truth is that it is necessary for improving our mental health. A key psychological idea behind this is the Premack Principle, which explains why treating ourselves is more than a tendency; it’s a way to improve our daily lives. In the 1960s, American psychologist David Premack developed a theory now known as Premack Principle. He explained that doing something you’re more likely to do can be a reward for doing something you don’t actually want to do. For instance, if you finish a task you’re not interested in, like cleaning the bathroom, you can treat yourself to something you like, such as watching an episode of your favorite TV show. This approach takes advantage of our natural need for fun to help us get through tasks we might not enjoy. Recent studies keep showing that giving yourself rewards can help improve your work and happiness. For example, Woolley and Fishbach discovered that getting rewards right away can make you more motivated because it links the reward directly with the task. What’s interesting is that it’s not about how big the reward is but how quickly you get it that matters. Another study by Landry and others found it’s not the reward itself but rather how the reward makes people feel that helps them do their best. This makes sense because rewards boost our dopamine (多巴胺) levels, which plays a key role in how our brains feel pleasure.     The idea of giving ourselves “little treats” is not just about enjoying something; it’s proof of how positive reinforcement can change our behavior and make us feel better mentally. By carefully using the Premack Principle and rewarding ourselves, we can find more motivation (动机) to face challenges and lead a happier life. It’s okay torecognize and celebrate our efforts, big or small.     So, go ahead, give yourself that little treat. You’ve earned it. 32.What is the Premack Principle? A．A tool to work out a long-term plan. B．Away to complete tasks effectively. C．A means to make boring tasks enjoyable. D．A theory to explain how rewards improve happiness. 33.According to Woolley and Fishbach, what helps to improve motivation? A．The type of tasks. B．The immediate reward. C．The size of the reward. D．The level of dopamine. 34.What might be a “positive reinforcement” according to paragraph 4? A．A cleanup. B．Physical training. C．Graduation ceremony. D．A favourite snack. 35.What is the most suitable title for the text? A．The Importance of Productivity B．Motivation and Mental Health C．The Premack Principle for Life D．Dopamine and the Brain’s Pleasure 【答案】32.D 33.B 34.D 35.C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了Premack Principle（普雷马克原理）的含义以及如何通过奖励自己来提高工作效率和幸福感。 32.细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“In the 1960s, American psychologist David Premack developed a theory now known as Premack Principle. He explained that doing something you’re more likely to do can be a reward for doing something you don’t actually want to do.”（在20世纪60年代，美国心理学家David Premack提出了一个理论，现在被称为Premack原理。他解释说，做你更愿意做的事情可以作为做你实际上不想做的事情的奖励。）以及文章第三段中“Recent studies keep showing that giving yourself rewards can help improve your work and happiness.”（最近的研究不断表明，给自己奖励可以帮助改善你的工作和幸福感。）可知，Premack Principle是一种解释如何通过奖励来提高幸福感的理论。故选D。 33.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Woolley and Fishbach discovered that getting rewards right away can make you more motivated because it links the reward directly with the task.”（Woolley和Fishbach发现，立即得到奖励可以使你更有动力，因为它直接将奖励与任务联系起来。）可知，立即得到的奖励有助于提高动力。故选B。 34.推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“The idea of giving ourselves “little treats” is not just about enjoying something; it’s proof of how positive reinforcement can change our behavior and make us feel better mentally.”（给自己‘小款待’的想法不仅仅是享受某件事，它证明了积极的强化如何改变我们的行为并使我们在精神上感觉更好。）可推知，positive reinforcement可能是指给自己的一种喜欢的小奖励，如一种喜欢的零食。故选D。 35.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Life is busy. We’re always expected to be productive and engaged, whether that’s with parenting, housework, or work. While taking time for small rewards can feel like a luxury (奢侈) , the truth is that it is necessary for improving our mental health. A key psychological idea behind this is the Premack Principle, which explains why treating ourselves is more than a tendency; it’s a way to improve our daily lives.”（生活是忙碌的。无论是养育孩子、做家务还是工作，我们总是被期望富有成效和投入。虽然花时间获得小奖励感觉像是一种奢侈，但事实是，这对改善我们的心理健康是必要的。这背后的一个关键心理学思想是普雷马克原则，它解释了为什么善待自己不仅仅是一种倾向;这是一种改善我们日常生活的方式。）以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了Premack Principle（普雷马克原理）的含义以及如何通过奖励自己来提高工作效率和幸福感，所以最适合的标题是“The Premack Principle for Life”（生活中的普雷马克原理）。故选C。 2.（23-24高一下·浙江省台州市·期末） Anthropologist Daniel Miller has observed that an alien (外星人) visiting Earth might suppose that four-wheeled creatures rule the planet. These rulers, he points out, are “served by a host of slaves who walk on legs and spend their whole lives serving them.” He meant this as a joke, but it mirrors American car culture to some extent. In the US, the costs of car dependency keep growing, far above the $12, 000-per-year average expense of owning a new one. Coast-to-coast, the cars we drive cause about 16% of greenhouse gas emissions. They cause significant air pollution, which worsens heart disease rates. Motor vehicle accidents are a leading cause of death in people aged 1 to 44. Since 2010 the number of pedestrians (行人) killed by cars has increased to about 7,500 a year. American car culture is a choice that now comes at too high a cost, both for ourselves and for the environment. After a century of its central place in our lives, we need to rethink our world into one not so attached to cars. Solutions are obvious and right in front of us. Sidewalks and bike trails should receive the same priority (优先权) as roads in our cities, instead of being afterthoughts. Unreasonable demands by the Government that the public get back behind the wheel to offices need to stop. We can even provide discounts to bicyclists who take the train or subway. Another reality is that car parking is too cheap across much of the country, where different parking prices can change our plans from hopping in the car during rush hours to taking the subway instead. We need to end our car-centered way of life nationwide. Otherwise, those aliens will have made the right call on who serves who, the cars or the people. 32.Why are aliens and slaves mentioned at the beginning? A．To compare aliens to slaves. B．To amuse readers with a joke. C．To warn readers of the coming danger. D．To illustrate humans’ dependence on cars. 33.What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The great popularity of cars. B．The negative impact of cars. C．The environmental damage by cars. D．The high cost of owning cars. 34.Which measure might be taken according to the author? A．Promote walking and bicycling. B．Demand the public drive to work. C．Offer free train rides to bicyclists. D．Reduce parking fees in rush hours. 35.What is the text aimed at? A．Introducing American car culture. B．Recommending a replacement for cars. C．Encouraging a less car-dependent lifestyle. D．Explaining the phenomenon of car dependency. 【答案】32.D 33.B 34.A 35.C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者认为人们应该减少对汽车的依赖，因为汽车有很多负面影响，并提出了可行的解决方案。 32.推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“He meant this as a joke, but it mirrors American car culture to some extent. In the US, the costs of car dependency keep growing, far above the $12, 000-per-year average expense of owning a new one.(他的本意是开玩笑，但这在某种程度上反映了美国的汽车文化。在美国，依赖汽车的成本持续增长，远远高于拥有一辆新车的平均每年1.2万美元的成本。)”可知，开头提到了外星人和奴隶是为了表明人类对汽车的依赖。故选D。 33.主旨大意题。根据第二段“Coast-to-coast, the cars we drive cause about 12% of greenhouse gas emissions. They cause significant air pollution, which worsens heart disease rates. Motor vehicle accidents are a leading cause of death in people aged 1 to 44. Since 2010 the number of pedestrians (行人) killed by cars has increased to about 7,500 a year.(从东海岸到西海岸，我们驾驶的汽车造成了大约12%的温室气体排放。它们造成严重的空气污染，加剧了心脏病的发病率。机动车事故是1至44岁人群死亡的主要原因。自2010年以来，被汽车撞死的行人数量增加到每年约7500人。)”可知，第二段主要是讲汽车的负面影响。故选B。 34.细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Sidewalks and bike trails should receive the same priority (优先权) as roads in our cities, instead of being afterthoughts.(在我们的城市中，人行道和自行车道应该像道路一样得到同样的重视，而不是事后考虑。)”可知，作者认为可以采取鼓励步行和骑行的措施。故选A。 35.推理判断题。根据最后一段“We need to end our car-centered way of life nationwide. Otherwise, those aliens will have made the right call on who serves who, the cars or the people.(我们需要在全国范围内结束以汽车为中心的生活方式。否则，那些外星人就会做出正确的决定，谁为谁服务，是车还是人。)”可知，文章是为了鼓励少依赖汽车的生活方式。故选C。 3.（23-24高一下·浙江省金华市·期末） Do you ever get that feeling that there aren’t enough hours in the day? That time is somehow racing away from you, and it is impossible to fit everything in. But then, you step outside into the countryside and suddenly everything seems slower, more relaxed, like time has somehow changed. It’s not just you — recent research showed nature can regulate our sense of time. For many of us, the combined demands of work, home and family mean that we are always feeling like we don’t have enough time. Time poverty has also been exacerbated by digital technologies. Permanent (长久的，永久的) online connectivity lengthens working hours and can make it harder to switch off from the demands of friends· and family. Recent researches suggest that the cure for our lack of time may lie in the natural world which may change how we experience time. These studies consistently showed that people report a sense of expanded time when they were in nature compared to when they were in an urban environment. For example, people are more likely to perceive (感知) a walk in the countryside as longer than a walk of the same length in the city. Nature seems to slow and expand our sense of time. It’s not just our sense of time in the moment which appears to be changed but also our sense of the future. Spending time in nature helps to shift our focus from the immediate moment towards our future needs. So rather than focusing on the stress of the demands on our time, nature helps us to see the bigger picture. This can help us prioritise (优先处理) our actions to meet our long-term goals rather than living in a state of “just about keeping our head above water”. Getting out into nature may sound like a simple fix, but for many people, particularly those living in urban areas, nature can be hard to access. Green infrastructure such as trees and parks in and around cities are essential to making sure the benefits of time in nature are accessible to everyone. 32.What does the underlined word “exacerbated”  in paragraph 2 mean? A．Changed. B．Reflected. C．Worsened. D．Controlled. 33.How does nature change our sense of the future?. A．By changing our focus. B．By promoting immediate actions. C．By releasing our stress. D．By reducing the demands on time. 34.According to the author, what is a solution to our lack of time? A．Move to the countryside. B．Decrease online connectivity. C．Get into green space in urban areas. D．Learn to refuse the unreasonable demands. 35.What is the passage mainly about? A．Researches reveal our poverty of time in nature. B．Being in nature can change our perception of time. C．Exploring nature will bring great benefits to people. D．People tend to lead a green life in modern urban areas. 【答案】32.C 33.A 34.C 35.B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了自然如何调节我们对时间的感知，特别是在忙碌的日常生活中，自然如何帮助我们减缓时间感，并将注意力从即时需求转移到未来需求上。 32.词句猜测题。根据后面的“Permanent (长久的,永久的) online connectivity lengthens working hours and can make it harder to switch off from the demands of friends· and family.(永久的在线连接会延长工作时间，并使其更难摆脱朋友和家人的需求。)”可知，作者明确指出了数字技术（特别是持续的在线连接）如何使工作时间变长，并使得人们更难从工作和社交需求中解脱出来。因此，划线单词所在句子“Time poverty has also been exacerbated by digital technologies.(数字技术也exacerbated 了时间贫乏)”指的是，数字技术使得人们感觉时间不够用的情况变得更加严重或恶化了。exacerbated与选项C“worsened(恶化)”意思一致。故选C项。 33.细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Spending time in nature helps to shift our focus from the immediate moment towards our future needs.(花时间在大自然中有助于将我们的注意力从眼前转移到未来的需求上。)”可知，在自然中度过时间有助于我们将注意力从当前时刻转移到未来的需求上。因此，自然通过改变我们的关注点来改变我们对未来的感觉。故选A项。 34.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Recent researches suggest that the cure for our lack of time may lie in the natural world which may change how we experience time.(最近的研究表明，治愈我们缺乏时间的方法可能在于自然世界，它可能会改变我们体验时间的方式。)”可知，最近的研究表明，解决我们时间不足的方法可能在于自然界，它可能会改变我们体验时间的方式。再结合最后一段中的“Green infrastructure such as trees and parks in and around cities are essential to making sure the benefits of time in nature are accessible to everyone.(城市及其周围的树木和公园等绿色基础设施对于确保每个人都能享受大自然的好处至关重要。)”可知，作者认为进入城市地区的绿色空间是解决我们时间不足的一个方法。因此，C项“进入城市地区的绿色空间”是正确答案。故选C项。 35.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论的是自然如何改变我们对时间的感知，包括当前的时间感和未来的时间感。另外，第三段中的“Recent researches suggest that the cure for our lack of time may lie in the natural world which may change how we experience time.(最近的研究表明，治愈我们缺乏时间的方法可能在于自然世界，它可能会改变我们体验时间的方式。)”明确指出了自然可以改变我们体验时间的方式，进一步支持了文章的主题。因此，选项B“在自然中可以改变我们对时间的感知”能够概括文章主旨。故选B项。 4（23-24高一下·浙江省宁波市奉化区·期末） Artificial intelligence(AI) models have long surpassed (超出) just creating text responses and images. Now, with only one sentence, OpenAI’s latest text-to-video model, Sora, can turn your words into video with good visual quality while completely following your content instructions (指令). Sora is said to be better than many other existing models with similar functions. The AI model can create videos at suitable aspect ratios (屏幕高宽比) for different devices. It also lets users quickly test out content in lower quality before making the high-quality version, which helps speed up output according to the user’s requests. Apart from this, its ability to present videos in a realistic and smooth manner is surprising. Sora can create detailed scenes with several characters, specific types of motion, and accurate (准确的) subject and background details. Beyond the user’s requests, it also understands how these elements exist in the real world. For example, reflections in the water change as a woman walks by. However, the current model isn’t perfect. It may have trouble accurately showing how things move in a complicated (复杂的) scene and might not get how one action leads to another. For example, if someone eats part of a cookie in a Sora-made video, the cookie might not look like it’s been bitten into. The model might mix up directions and find it hard to describe events in the right order. One possible reason is that Sora learns each basic unit of a video, known as a spacetime patch (时空补丁), independently. Sora is still in the testing stage of development. OpenAI is now inviting network security professionals to make random attacks on Sora’s system in order to test the model’s possible weaknesses and risks. Sora has also been open to some visual artists, designers and filmmakers. Their feedback will help OpenAI to improve the model to better serve creative professionals. 32.What is the main focus of paragraph 2 and 3? A．Sora’s strengths. B．Sora’s weaknesses. C．Sora’s development. D．Sora’s popularity. 33.Why does the author provide the example in paragraph 4? A．To show Sora’s safety problems. B．To show Sora’s existing weaknesses. C．To show Sora’s perfect performance. D．To explain the concept of a spacetime patch. 34.What can we know about Sora up to now? A．It has experienced testing and improvement. B．It has enjoyed great popularity. C．It has made random attacks. D．It has been applied in various industries. 35.What’s the best title for the text? A．Sora: A perfect text-to-video AI model B．Sora: Surpass existing ChatGPT C．Sora: Known as a spacetime patch D．Sora: Lead the way in creating videos 【答案】32.A 33.B 34.A 35.D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Sora这一先进AI模型能够根据文本指令生成高质量视频及其特点。 32.主旨大意题。根据第二段“Sora is said to be better than many other existing models with similar functions. The AI model can create videos at suitable aspect ratios(屏幕高宽比) for different devices. It also lets users quickly test out content in lower quality before making the high-quality version, which helps speed up output according to the user’s requests.(据说Sora比许多其他具有类似功能的现有模型更优秀。该人工智能模型能够为不同的设备创建合适屏幕高宽比的视频。它还允许用户在制作高质量版本之前快速测试较低质量的内容，这有助于根据用户的需求加快产出速度)”及第三段中“Apart from this, its ability to present videos in a realistic and smooth manner is surprising.(除此之外，它以逼真流畅的方式呈现视频的能力令人惊讶)”可知，第二段和第三段主要描述了Sora的优点，包括它可以创建适合不同设备的视频、允许用户快速测试低质量版本以及能够生成真实流畅的视频场景等，这两段的重点在于展示Sora的优势。故选A。 33.推理判断题。根据第四段中“However, the current model isn’t perfect. It may have trouble accurately showing how things move in a complicated(复杂的) scene and might not get how one action leads to another.(然而，当前的模型并不完美。它可能难以准确地展现复杂场景中事物的运动，并且可能无法理解一个动作是如何导致另一个动作的)”及所举例子“For example, if someone eats part of a cookie in a Sora-made video, the cookie might not look like it’s been bitten into. The model might mix up directions and find it hard to describe events in the right order.(例如，在由Sora生成的视频中，如果某人吃掉了一部分饼干，饼干可能看起来不像是被咬过的。该模型可能会混淆方向，并且难以按正确的顺序描述事件)”可知，第四段提到的例子是为了说明Sora在处理复杂场景时的一些局限性，比如难以准确表现物体运动或事件顺序等，这个例子是用来展示Sora目前存在的弱点。故选B。 34.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sora is still in the testing stage of development. OpenAI is now inviting network security professionals to make random attacks on Sora’s system in order to test the model’s possible weaknesses and risks. Sora has also been open to some visual artists, designers and filmmakers. Their feedback will help OpenAI to improve the model to better serve creative professionals.(Sora仍处于开发测试阶段。OpenAI目前正邀请网络安全专业人士对Sora的系统进行随机攻击，以此来测试该模型可能存在的弱点和风险。Sora也已向一些视觉艺术家、设计师和电影制作人开放。他们的反馈将帮助OpenAI改进模型，以便更好地服务于创意专业人士)”可知，Sora已经经历了测试和改进的过程。故选A。 35.主旨大意题。根据全文内容及第一段“Artificial intelligence(AI) models have long surpassed(超出) just creating text responses and images. Now, with only one sentence, OpenAI’s latest text-to-video model, Sora, can turn your words into video with good visual quality while completely following your content instructions(指令).(人工智能模型早已超越了仅创造文本响应和图像的能力。现在，只需一句话，OpenAI的最新文本转视频模型Sora就能将你的文字转化为具有良好视觉质量的视频，并完全遵循你的内容指示)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍了Sora在文本转视频方面的先进功能和技术优势，尽管它还存在一些限制，但它在视频创作领域显示出引领潮流的潜力，D选项“Sora: 引领视频创作”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选D。 5.（23-24高一下·浙江省温州市·期末） In the 1930s, the first cake mixes (蛋糕粉) which only required water were invented and some people argued that this approach, the easiest, was the best. But others thought cooks would want to do more. The cake-mix argument may be out-dated, but its central question remains: Just how demanding do we want our technologies to be? Then what is a demanding technology? Two elements are included: One is that it is technology that takes time to master, and the other is that its operation includes some real risk of failure. Therefore, a piano is a demanding technology, as is a programming language or a machine system. However, so-called easy technologies usually require little concentrated effort and produce predictable results. Clearly, easy technologies have remade human society over the past century, but the problem is that, as every individual task becomes easier, we demand much more of both ourselves and others. As a result, we are faced with a larger number of small tasks(writing hundreds of e-mails)instead of fewer difficult tasks (writing several long letters). And, when every task is easy, nearly all people are multitasking (多任务处理). Easy technologies supposedly free us to focus on what matters, but sometimes what matters gets eliminated. Everyone knows that it is easier to drive to the top of a mountain than to hike; the views may be the same, but the feeling never is. Following the same idea, we develop into beings that can do more. However, we can’t get the same satisfaction as we expect. I don’t mean that everything needs to be done the hard way. But we must take challenges seriously, or we’ll face the danger of becoming creatures whose lives are less satisfying. 32.What makes demanding technologies different from easy technologies? A．It requires much effort. B．It takes little attention. C．It achieves intended effect. D．It deals with machines. 33.What is a possible result of easy technologies? A．More time for concentration. B．Writing much longer letters. C．Lower expectations on others. D．Doing various tasks at a time. 34.What does the underlined word “eliminated” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Noticed. B．Stressed. C．Improved. D．Removed. 35.Which of the following can be the best title of this passage? A．The Argument Over Cake Mixes B．What Is A Demanding Technology? C．The Problem With Easy Technologies D．What Challenges Do Humans Face? 【答案】32.A 33.D 34.D 35.C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了要求高的技术包含的要素，以及简单技术面临的问题。 32.细节理解题。根据第二段“Then what is a demanding technology? Two elements are included: One is that it is technology that takes time to master, and the other is that its operation includes some real risk of failure.(那么什么是要求高的技术呢？其中包括两个因素：一是技术需要时间来掌握，另一个是它的操作包含一些真正的失败风险)”以及第三段“Therefore, a piano is a demanding technology, as is a programming language or a machine system.(因此，钢琴是一项要求很高的技术，就像编程语言或机器系统一样)”可知，要求高的技术与简单的技术不同，是由于要求高的技术需要很多的努力。故选A。 33.细节理解题。根据第四段“And, when every task is easy, nearly all people are multitasking (多任务处理).(而且，当每个任务都很容易时，几乎所有的人都在多任务处理)”可知，简单技术可能带来的结果是一次做多个不同的任务。故选D。 34.词句猜测题。根据第四段“And, when every task is easy, nearly all people are multitasking (多任务处理).(而且，当每个任务都很容易时，几乎所有的人都在多任务处理)”以及划线词上文“Easy technologies supposedly free us to focus on what matters, but sometimes what matters gets”中but表示转折，说明简单的技术本应使我们能够专注于重要的事情，但有时重要的事情却被移除了。推测划线词意思是“移除”，与Removed意义相近。故选D。 35.主旨大意题。根据第四段“Clearly, easy technologies have remade human society over the past century, but the problem is that, as every individual task becomes easier, we demand much more of both ourselves and others. As a result, we are faced with a larger number of small tasks(writing hundreds of e-mails)instead of fewer difficult tasks (writing several long letters). And, when every task is easy, nearly all people are multitasking (多任务处理). (显然，在过去的一个世纪里，简单的技术重塑了人类社会，但问题是，随着每一项个人任务变得更容易，我们对自己和他人的要求都要高得多。因此，我们面临的是更多的小任务（写数百封电子邮件），而不是更少的困难任务（写几封长信）。而且，当每一项任务都很容易的时候，几乎所有的人都在多任务处理)”、第五段“Easy technologies supposedly free us to focus on what matters, but sometimes what matters gets eliminated. (简单的技术本可以让我们专注于重要的事情，但有时重要的事情会被移除)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了要求高的技术包含的要素，以及简单技术面临的问题，C选项“简单技术的问题”最符合作为文章标题。故选C。 6.（23-24高一下·浙江省丽水市·期末） The new e-skin improves tasks requiring accuracy (精确) and force control, overcoming a big challenge in advancing technology. Unlike traditional e-skins , this new e-skin stays accurate even when it stretches. “Much like human skin has to stretch and bend as we move, so does e-skin,” explains Nanshu Lu, a professor in the Cockrell School. The breakthrough lies in an innovative hybrid response pressure sensor that Lu and her partners have developed over years. Lu sees the stretchable e-skin as an important part of a robot hand that can mirror the softness and sensitivity of a human hand. This new e-skin technology senses pressure from contact, letting the attached machine knowhow much force to use to, for example, grab a cup or touch a person. In demonstrations, the new e-skin allowed the robot hand to adaptto various sensitive tasks, such as accurately measuring human pulse (脉搏) and pulse waves, securely holding objects without dropping them and even handling unexpected items like coins inside a glass or pressing on a potato chip without breaking it. Lu and her team are currently exploring potential applications, including partnering to build a robotic arm equipped with the e-skin technology. They have also applied for a basic patent (专利) for the e-skin, indicating its potential for business use. In a world where the aging population exceeds (超过) the number of caregivers, the need for efficient and gentle care solutions is necessary. Lu believes robots equipped with advanced technologies like the stretchable e-skin could play a vital role in dealing with this global challenge. Beyond medicine,human-caring robots could be used in disasters. They could search for injured and trapped people in an earthquake or a collapsed building. From healthcare to disaster response, the potential is significant. With further development and cooperation with robotics companies, Lu hopes to see this e-skin technology make its way to the market, marking the beginning of a new era ofhuman-robot interaction and care. 32.What advantage does the newe-skin have over traditional e-skins? A．It keeps accurate even when stretching. B．It enables robots to move at a fast speed. C．It allows robot hands to bend into all shapes. D．It helps robot hands control with less force. 33.What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The wide applications of the new e-skin. B．The important development of the new e-skin. C．The major challenge of the pressure sensor D．The strong function of the pressure sensor. 34.What can robots with the new e-skin do for the global challenge of aging population? A．Reduce healthcare costs. B．Limit global business use. C．Replace human caregivers. D．Improve medical care efficiency. 35.What is the author’s attitude to the future of the new e-skin? A．Doubtful. B．Unclear C．Optimistic. D．Subjective. 【答案】32.A 33.B 34.D 35.C 【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了一种新型电子皮肤技术，这种技术可以提高需要精确度和力量控制的任务的完成度，克服了技术进步中的一大挑战。 32.细节理解题。根据第一段“The new e-skin improves tasks requiring accuracy (精确) and force control, overcoming a big challenge in advancing technology. Unlike traditional e-skins , this new e-skin stays accurate even when it stretches.(新的电子皮肤提高需要精确度和力量控制的任务的完成度，克服了技术进步的一大挑战。与传统的电子皮肤不同，这种新的电子皮肤即使在拉伸时也能保持精确)”可知，与传统的电子皮肤相比，新皮肤即使拉伸也能保持准确。故选A项。 33.主旨大意题。根据第二段“The breakthrough lies in an innovative hybrid response pressure sensor that Lu and her partners have developed over years. Lu sees the stretchable e-skin as an important part of a robot hand that can mirror the softness and sensitivity of a human hand. This new e-skin technology senses pressure from contact, letting the attached machine knowhow much force to use to, for example, grab a cup or touch a person. In demonstrations, the new e-skin allowed the robot hand to adaptto various sensitive tasks, such as accurately measuring human pulse (脉搏) and pulse waves, securely holding objects without dropping them and even handling unexpected items like coins inside a glass or pressing on a potato chip without breaking it.(这一突破在于Lu和她的合作伙伴多年来开发的一种创新的混合响应压力传感器。卢认为这种可拉伸的电子皮肤是机器人手的重要组成部分，可以模仿人手的柔软和敏感。这种新的电子皮肤技术可以感知接触产生的压力，让附着的机器知道要用多大的力来抓取杯子或触摸人。在演示中，这种新型电子皮肤可以让机器人手适应各种敏感的任务，比如精确测量人体脉搏和脉搏波，安全地握住物体而不掉下来，甚至处理意想不到的东西，比如玻璃杯里的硬币，或者按压薯片而不打碎)”可知，本段主要讲述了新型电子皮肤的重要发展。故选B项。 34.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In a world where the aging population exceeds (超过) the number of caregivers, the need for efficient and gentle care solutions is necessary. Lu believes robots equipped with advanced technologies like the stretchable e-skin could play a vital role in dealing with this global challenge.(在一个老龄化人口超过护理人员数量的世界，需要有效和温和的护理解决方案是必要的。卢认为，配备了可伸缩电子皮肤等先进技术的机器人可以在应对这一全球性挑战方面发挥至关重要的作用)”可知，拥有新型电子皮肤的机器人能为全球人口老龄化的挑战提高医疗效率。故选D项。 35.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Beyond medicine,human-caring robots could be used in disasters. They could search for injured and trapped people in an earthquake or a collapsed building. From healthcare to disaster response, the potential is significant. With further development and cooperation with robotics companies, Lu hopes to see this e-skin technology make its way to the market, marking the beginning of a new era ofhuman-robot interaction and care.(除了医学，人类关怀机器人还可以用于灾难中。他们可以在地震或倒塌的建筑物中搜寻受伤和被困的人。从医疗保健到灾难响应，潜力巨大。随着与机器人公司的进一步发展和合作，卢希望看到这种电子皮肤技术进入市场，标志着人机交互和护理新时代的开始)”可知，作者认为，新型电子皮肤除了在医学领域的使用，还可以用于灾难中，潜力巨大，所以是乐观的态度。故选C项。 7.（23-24高一下·浙江省宁波九校·期末） One thing that many Americans can agree on, even in an era of deep political polarization (两极分化), is that our country is in a moral free fall. In survey after survey, US adults of all ages, education levels, political or religious backgrounds say that people are less kind, honest, generous, and respectful than they used to be. So is our nation’s moral foundation falling apart? Not necessarily. In fact, two psychologists, Columbia’s Adam Mastroianni and Harvard’s Daniel Gilbert, say that the widespread belief in moral decline (下降) is a misconception. They recently conducted a meta-analysis of all the major surveys that asked Americans about the state of moral values in this country and they found that US residents have been complaining about one another’s declining morality for as long as researchers have been seeking their opinions on the matter. And yet when individual respondents are asked multiple times, over the span of a decade or more, to describe the level of politeness and kindness they observe in their fellow citizens, their descriptions of other people’s attitudes and behaviors do not actually worsen at all. Mastroianni and Gilbert, whose paper appears in the journal Nature, say the results of similar surveys conducted in dozens of other countries over the decades suggest that people all over the world are easy to be influenced by the misconception that their peers are less moral than they once were. They say that this misconception is likely explained by two well-established psychological phenomena acting together: that we tend to pay closer attention to negative rather than positive information about people’s actions in the present day; and that we tend to selectively forget such negative impressions as the years roll on, leaving us with good memories for the past. Mastroianni and Gilbert also say that their discovery has important social and political implications, especially given that, as one 2015 survey found, three-quarters of all Americans believe that addressing the moral breakdown of the country should be a high priority (优先项) for the government. “The United States faces many well-documented problems, from climate change and terrorism to racial injustice and economic inequality — and yet, nowadays it is believed that the government should devote fewer resources to reversing an imaginary trend.” 32.What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To provide a historical review of American society. B．To present contrasting viewpoints on moral decline. C．To introduce the topic of moral decline in American society. D．To discuss the method of psychological research on moral decline. 33.What is the main argument presented by Mastroianni and Gilbert in their research? A．The morality of American society seems to be on a rapid rise. B．American citizens’ belief in declining morality is a false idea. C．The moral breakdown has already been a long-term issue in America. D．American society has realized its own misconception of moral decline. 34.According to the passage, what is the reason for the widespread belief in moral decline? A．Selective memory about previous impressions. B．The mixed influence of psychological phenomena. C．Negative descriptions of morality from peers. D．Lack of government involvement in moral issues. 35.What does Mastroianni and Gilbert’s research imply on social and political views? A．Americans should attach more importance to global issues. B．Americans should help the government reverse the moral decline. C．Government resources should be focused on addressing the moral decline. D．Addressing the imaginary moral breakdown should not be a top choice. 【答案】32.C 33.B 34.B 35.D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了心理学家亚当·马斯楚安尼和丹尼尔·吉尔伯特进行的一项研究，该研究发现，在美国普遍认为道德衰落是一种误解。他们分析了几十年来来自不同国家的调查，发现人们倾向于认为他们的同龄人没有以前那么道德，尽管有证据表明事实并非如此。心理学家将这种误解归因于人们倾向于关注负面信息，并随着时间的推移选择性地忘记负面印象。 32.推理判断题。根据第一段“One thing that many Americans can agree on, even in an era of deep political polarization(两极分化), is that our country is in a moral free fall. In survey after survey, US adults of all ages, education levels, political or religious backgrounds say that people are less kind, honest, generous, and respectful than they used to be. So is our nation’s moral foundation falling apart?”（即使在一个政治两极分化严重的时代，许多美国人都同意的一件事是，我们的国家正在道德上自由落体。在一项又一项的调查中，各个年龄段、教育程度、政治或宗教背景的美国成年人都认为，人们不像以前那么善良、诚实、慷慨和尊重人了。那么，我们国家的道德基础正在分崩离析吗？）可推知，第一段的作用是介绍美国社会道德衰退的话题。故选C项。 33.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Not necessarily. In fact, two psychologists, Columbia’s Adam Mastroianni and Harvard’s Daniel Gilbert, say that the widespread belief in moral decline(下降)is a misconception.”（不一定。事实上，两位心理学家，哥伦比亚大学的亚当·马斯楚安尼和哈佛大学的丹尼尔·吉尔伯特说，普遍认为道德衰退是一种误解。）可知，马斯楚安尼和吉尔伯特在他们的研究中提出的主要论点是美国公民认为道德在下降，这是一种错误的观念。故选B项。 34.细节理解题。根据第三段中“They say that this misconception is likely explained by two well-established psychological phenomena acting together: that we tend to pay closer attention to negative rather than positive information about people’s actions in the present day; and that we tend to selectively forget such negative impressions as the years roll on, leaving us with good memories for the past.”（他们说，这种误解可能是由两种公认的心理现象共同作用来解释的：我们倾向于更关注当下人们行为的负面信息，而不是正面信息；随着岁月的流逝，我们往往会选择性地忘记这些负面印象，给过去留下美好的回忆。）可知，根据文章，普遍认为道德衰退的原因是心理现象的综合影响。故选B项。 35.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Mastroianni and Gilbert also say that their discovery has important social and political implications, especially given that, as one 2015 survey found, three-quarters of all Americans believe that addressing the moral breakdown of the country should be a high priority(优先项)for the government. “The United States faces many well-documented problems, from climate change and terrorism to racial injustice and economic inequality — and yet, nowadays it is believed that the government should devote fewer resources to reversing an imaginary trend.””（马斯楚安尼和吉尔伯特还表示，他们的发现具有重要的社会和政治意义，尤其是考虑到2015年的一项调查发现，四分之三的美国人认为解决国家道德崩溃问题应该是政府的首要任务。“美国面临着许多有据可证的问题，从气候变化和恐怖主义到种族不公正和经济不平等——然而，如今人们认为，政府应该投入更少的资源来扭转假想的趋势。”）可推知，马斯楚安尼和吉尔伯特的研究对社会和政治观点意味着解决假想的道德衰退不应该是首要选择。故选D项。 8.（23-24高一下·浙江省湖州市·期末） Smartphone ownership among younger children is increasing rapidly. Parents of younger children may occasionally look at their child’s phone to check whether it’s being used responsibly and safely. But as children mature into teens, parental inspections will likely feel like an invasion (侵犯) of privacy. So, what do parents need to consider when making the “phone rules” for their children as they get older? Parents get their younger children phones for many reasons. Some feel it’ll help keep kids safe when, for example, travelling on their own to and from school. Others have bought one after intense pressure from their child or worry their child will be left out socially if all their friends have a phone. Some also tell me they are reluctant to let their child use the parents’phone for fear of risking important work files or information stored on the phone. Parents understandably want their children to be safe. Monitoring may be part of this, but it’s not the whole story. Education and open dialogue about phone safety should begin the day the child gets their phone and continue as they grow. This may include controls, restrictions and monitoring, but does not necessarily need to include phone checking. Establishing the rules on safety and well-being for using the phone is the key. This means talking to the children about how and when they use their phone, why they shouldn’t answer unknown texts and calls, beware of giving out personal information online, and about being kind online. Let the children know they can always talk to their parents if they have a weird or bad experience online. As children mature, parental guidance also needs to change. After about 12 months of the child’s phone ownership, checking phone s needs to fade, and ongoing open communication needs to become the mainstay. Parents may also try new ways of using the phone or certain apps together with their child. For example, they can use the screentime feature to discuss, and be aware of their developing phone habits. 32.Which of the following is the reason for parents’ buying their children smartphones? A．Knowing children’s school life. B．Following others’ steps. C．Taking online courses. D．Sharing their life at work. 33.What’s likely to threaten children’s safety? A．Keeping secret of their personal information. B．Answering unknown texts and calls. C．Setting up rules on safety of using the phone. D．Chatting with their parents about their phone use. 34.What does the underlined word “weird” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Strange. B．Pleasant. C．Precious. D．Ordinary. 35.What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Checking phones is the best way to ensure children’s online safety. B．Open dialogues between parents and children improve their relationship. C．Using screentime feature is helpful to prevent giving out personal information. D．Parental guidance should be based on solving problems together and respectfully. 【答案】32.B 33.B 34.A 35.D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了父母如何随着孩子年龄的增长调整他们对孩子使用智能手机的指导和规则。 32.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Others have bought one after intense pressure from their child or worry their child will be left out socially if all their friends have a phone.(另一些人则是迫于孩子的巨大压力才买了手机，或者担心如果所有的朋友都有手机，孩子会被社会排斥。)”可知，其他父母购买智能手机是因为孩子强烈要求或担心孩子会因为所有朋友都有手机而被社会孤立。这可以看作是跟随他人步伐的行为。故选B。 33.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“This means talking to the children about how and when they use their phone, why they shouldn’t answer unknown texts and calls, beware of giving out personal information online, and about being kind online.(这意味着要告诉孩子们如何以及何时使用手机，为什么他们不应该接听未知的短信和电话，小心在网上泄露个人信息，以及在网上要善良。)”可知，父母应该和孩子谈论他们如何使用手机，为什么不应该回答未知的短信和电话，注意在网上不要泄露个人信息，以及在网上要友好。因此，回答未知的短信和电话可能会威胁到孩子的安全。故选B。 34.词句猜测题。根据上文“This means talking to the children about how and when they use their phone, why they shouldn’t answer unknown texts and calls, beware of giving out personal information online, and about being kind online.(这意味着要告诉孩子们如何以及何时使用手机，为什么他们不应该接听未知的短信和电话，小心在网上泄露个人信息，以及在网上要善良。)”可知，父母要帮助孩子建立使用手机的安全和健康规则，划线词所在的句子意思为：让孩子们知道，如果他们在网上有奇怪或糟糕的经历，他们可以随时告诉父母。由此可知，weird意为“奇怪的”。故选A。 35.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“As children mature, parental guidance also needs to change. After about 12 months of the child's phone ownership, checking phone s needs to fade, and ongoing open communication needs to become the mainstay. Parents may also try new ways of using the phone or certain apps together with their child. For example, they can use the screentime feature to discuss, and be aware of their developing phone habits.(随着孩子的成熟，父母的指导也需要改变。在孩子拥有手机大约12个月后，查看手机的需求逐渐消失，持续的开放式交流需要成为主要内容。父母也可以和孩子一起尝试使用手机或某些应用程序的新方法。例如，他们可以使用屏幕时间功能来讨论，并意识到他们正在发展的手机习惯。)”可推知，家长指导应该是基于共同解决问题和尊重孩子的，而不是单纯的检查手机或限制使用。故选D。 话题二：人与自然 1.（23-24高一下·浙江省嘉兴市·期末） People greet each other in various ways, such as saying “hello” in different languages or through physical actions like shaking hands, giving hugs, or exchanging kisses. Similarly, elephants have various greetings, as revealed by a recent study conducted on African elephants in Zimbabwe’s Jafuta Reserve. “Female elephants of different family groups might have strong social bonds (纽带) with each other, forming what we call bond groups,” said Vesta Eleuteri of the University of Vienna, the lead writer of the study. “Earlier studies in the wild have reported that when these groups meet, the elephants perform special greetings to announce and strengthen their social bonds.” The study identified around 20 specific movements related with elephant greetings, often accompanied by different sounds as well. Smell also plays a crucial role in greetings, with elephants exhibiting behaviors like emitting (排放) body waste. Besides, elephants make gestures (动作) meant to be seen, such as spreading their ears or displaying their behinds, and employ touching gestures involving touching other elephants. They actually show an understanding of what other elephants can see, using visual gestures when their partner is looking and touching gestures when they are not. Similar greeting behavior has been observed in various animals, which helps manage social situations by reducing tension or confirming social bonds. The study observed both female and male elephants in the reserve, with female greetings closely matching those of wild elephants, while male greetings appeared different. Wild male elephants often don’t form close connections with others but use their noses to touch the heads of other elephants, giving off a chemical called temporin containing important information. Elephant greetings play an important part in communication and social bonding among these intelligent creatures. Through their gestures, sounds, and smells, elephants deliver important. information about their identity, physical state, and emotional well-being. 32.What do we know about elephant greetings from paragraph 1? A．They are performed mainly by male elephants. B．They are used to show power within the group. C．They include physical actions similar to humans’. D．They strengthen social bonds between family groups. 33.How do elephants show awareness of what others see? A．They produce different smells. B．They make as many gestures as possible. C．They make use of sounds to draw attention. D．They employ visual or touching gestures accordingly. 34.What methods were adopted in the recent study on elephants? A．Interview s and surveys. B．Observation and comparison. C．Model design and creation. D．Experiments and data collection. 35.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Secret in Elephant Behaviors B．Science Behind Elephant Sounds C．Exploration of Elephant Greetings D．New Light on Elephant Movements 【答案】32.D 33.D 34.B 35.C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了非洲大象在Jafuta保护区内如何互相问候、问候的多种方式以及这些问候的社会和沟通意义。 32.推理判断题。根据文章第一段““Female elephants of different family groups might have strong social bonds (纽带) with each other, forming what we call bond groups,” said Vesta Eleuteri of the University of Vienna, the lead writer of the study.(该研究的主要作者、维也纳大学的Vesta Eleuteri说：“不同家庭群体的母象可能彼此之间有很强的社会纽带，形成了我们所说的纽带群体。”)”可知，不同家庭群体的母象可能彼此之间有很强的社会纽带，形成了我们所说的纽带群体。故选D。 33.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They actually show an understanding of what other elephants can see, using visual gestures when their partner is looking and touching gestures when they are not.(它们实际上表现出对其他大象所能看到的东西的理解，当它们的伴侣在看它们时，它们会用视觉手势，而当它们不在时，它们会用触摸手势。)”可知，大象会根据其他大象是否在看而使用视觉或触摸手势，这显示了它们对其他大象所见的意识。故选D。 34.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Similar greeting behavior has been observed in various animals, which helps manage social situations by reducing tension or confirming social bonds. The study observed both female and male elephants in the reserve, with female greetings closely matching those of wild elephants, while male greetings appeared different.(在各种动物中都观察到类似的问候行为，这有助于通过减少紧张或巩固社会关系来管理社会状况。该研究观察了保护区内的雌象和雄象，雌象的问候与野象的问候非常接近，而雄象的问候则有所不同。)”可知，研究主要是通过观察保护区内的雌象和雄象，并比较了不同性别之间的问候方式。故选B。 35.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“People greet each other in various ways, such as saying “hello” in different languages or through physical actions like shaking hands, giving hugs, or exchanging kisses. Similarly, elephants have various greetings, as revealed by a recent study conducted on African elephants in Zimbabwe’s Jafuta Reserve.(人们以各种方式互相问候，比如用不同的语言说“你好”，或者通过握手、拥抱或亲吻等肢体动作。同样，大象也有各种各样的问候，最近在津巴布韦贾夫塔保护区对非洲大象进行的一项研究表明。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要研究和分析大象如何以及为何用特定方式进行问候，C项“探索大象的问候”适合做文章标题。故选C。 话题三：人与自我 1.（23-24高一下·浙江省宁波市慈溪市·期末） Have you ever wondered about the universal layout (布局) of supermarkets? Smart designers are behind it, subtly tempting you to walk through each aisle and fill your shopping cart without even realizing it. Grocery store design is a carefully crafted art from both psychological and marketing standpoints, according to Reeves Connelly, who studied architectural design at the Pratt Institute. He explained there is a specific reason why fruit and vegetables are often located at the front of the store, “You’ll grab the fruits and vegetables first and then hopefully feel less guilty about buying junk food later on.” Meanwhile, essential items such as milk and eggs are placed at the back of the store to ensure customers walk through other aisles with many unhealthy options like snacks and sodas, potentially increasing the likelihood of impulse purchases. There’s also a reason why you often feel lost in local supermarkets. Shockingly, they move things around. Reeves explained, “They are very much aware that these strategies become less effective after you visit the store a few times and get a better sense of where everything is, so they’ll regularly move the products to different aisles to con fuse you. The practice is not limited to a specific store but is employed across various retail chains.” “Their little tricks always work on me,” one regular shopper admits, “I walk in to get three things and end up spending $300; that’s why I hate grocery shopping,” he said. On the other hand, some shoppers are proud to declare they have never fallen into the trap. “That’s why I always keep a shopping list on me,” another shopper shared. “I’ve started having my groceries delivered. If I have to go to the store, I never grab a trolley. If I can’t carry it, I’m not buying it,” he added. 32.What is the purpose of the supermarket layout? A．To show the designer’s wisdom. B．To save consumers’ shopping time. C．To increase non-essential purchases. D．To provide multiple goods for choice. 33.What would the store owner probably do to make more profits? A．Put the healthy food together. B．Distribute junk food in different areas. C．Place essential items before junk food. D．Rearrange products in supermarkets regularly. 34.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Most shoppers are trapped in marketing tricks. B．Shopping baskets are better than heavy trolleys. C．Making lists can be a smart act for impulse buying. D．Grocery delivery can help improve supermarket sales. 35.Where is this text most likely from? A．A business magazine. B．A psychology report. C．A research paper. D．A shopping guide. 【答案】32.C 33.D 34.C 35.A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了超市布局背后促进非必要消费的特殊原因以及建议。 32.细节理解题。根据第二段的“Meanwhile, essential items such as milk and eggs are placed at the back of the store to ensure customers walk through other aisles with many unhealthy options like snacks and sodas, potentially increasing the likelihood of impulse purchases.(与此同时，牛奶和鸡蛋等必需品被放在商店的后面，以确保顾客穿过其他过道，有许多不健康的选择，如零食和苏打水，这可能会增加冲动购物的可能性)”可知，超市布局的目的是促进非必要消费。故选C。 33.细节理解题。根据第三段的“Reeves explained, “They are very much aware that these strategies become less effective after you visit the store a few times and get a better sense of where everything is, so they’ll regularly move the products to different aisles to con fuse you. The practice is not limited to a specific store but is employed across various retail chains.”(里夫斯解释说：“他们非常清楚，当你几次光顾商店并更好地了解每样商品的位置后，这些策略的效果就会降低，所以他们会定期将产品移到不同的过道，让你感到困惑。这种做法不仅限于特定的商店，而是被各种零售连锁店采用。”)”可知，为了提高利润，店主可能会定期重新安排超市的产品布局。故选D。 34.推理判断题。根据最后一段的“On the other hand, some shoppers are proud to declare they have never fallen into the trap. “That’s why I always keep a shopping list on me,” another shopper shared.(另一方面，一些购物者自豪地宣称他们从未落入陷阱。“这就是为什么我总是把购物清单放在身上，”另一位购物者分享道)”可推知，带购物清单是避免冲动购物的明智之举。故选C。 35.推理判断题。根据第一段“Have you ever wondered about the universal layout (布局) of supermarkets? Smart designers are behind it, subtly tempting you to walk through each aisle and fill your shopping cart without even realizing it.(你有没有想过超市的通用布局？聪明的设计师在背后，巧妙地引诱你穿过每一条过道，在不知不觉中装满购物车)”以及全文可知，文章主要说明了超市布局背后促进非必要消费的特殊原因以及建议。由此推知，文章可能选自一本商业杂志。故选A。 2.（23-24高一下·浙江省衢州市·期末） However good the rest of that joke might be, the one thing we know for sure is that the person hearing a joke is far more likely to laugh if they are in the company of others, compared to being alone. Studies have shown that people are 30 times easier to laugh in company than when on their own. Laughter is a social behavior. It is infectious(有感染力的) and is caused by other people’s presence and their laughter. In fact, try listening to laughter, not the joke that produced it. It’s more than likely that you will find yourself beginning to laugh along in response. There appear to be two different sorts of laughter. There is the involuntary laugh, which is unlikely to be stopped. This sort of laughter is characterized by its length — it can continue for longer than you think you can bear, and the laugh contains major changes in pitch (音调) with a very high top note. And then there’s social laughter, the sort of laugh people give when they want to accept something. This polite laughter is characterized by less obvious pitch changes.  Psychologists have established that people are good at telling the difference between these two different sorts of laughter. However, the ability to distinguish them is something we learn. A  child cannot tell what is voluntary and what is social laughter. It is proved that the ability to understand laughter seems to be particularly relevant in happily married couples. Studies have shown that couples with lasting happy marriages use laughter as a way of dealing with the everyday stresses of married life. So the couple that laughs together, stays together. Laughter has developed to create and maintain the social groups that are necessary for us to advance, and it helps us to feel better by providing a way out for many of the difficult emotions that are unavoidable when living with other people. In fact, it’s a kind of glue that holds human societies together. 32.In what situation are people easier to laugh? A．Being alone. B．Hearing a really funny joke. C．Staying with their beloved pets. D．Listening to others’ infectious laughter. 33.Which of the following is a kind of involuntary laughter? A．Polite laughter. B．Social laughter. C．High-pitched laughter. D．Controllable laughter. 34.What is the connection between laughter and marriage? A．No laughter, no marriage. B．More laughter, happier marriage. C．Laughter comes before marriage. D．Laughter is easy, while marriage is difficult. 35.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning laughter? A．Laughter is a necessity for human survival. B．Laughter is a good way to deal with negative emotions. C．Laughter helps people make more contributions to the society. D．Laughter was created by some social groups to avoid bad emotions. 【答案】32.D 33.C 34.B 35.B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了两种笑声以及笑的作用。 32.细节理解题。根据第一段中“However good the rest of that joke might be, the one thing we know for sure is that the person hearing a joke is far more likely to laugh if they are in the company of others, compared to being alone. Studies have shown that people are 30 times easier to laugh in company than when on their own. Laughter is a social behavior. It is infectious (有感染力的) and is caused by other people’s presence and their laughter.(不管这个笑话的其余部分有多好，我们可以肯定的是，与一个人相比，听到笑话的人在别人的陪伴下更有可能笑。研究表明，人们在别人面前笑的几率是独自一人时的30倍。笑是一种社会行为。它是有感染力的，是由其他人的存在和他们的笑声引起的)”可知，人们在听到别人有染力的笑声时更容易笑，故选D。 33.细节理解题。根据第二段中“There is the involuntary laugh, which is unlikely to be stopped. This sort of laughter is characterized by its length — it can continue for longer than you think you can bear, and the laugh contains major changes in pitch (音调) with a very high top note.(有一种不由自主的笑声，不太可能停止。这种笑声的特点是它的长度——它可以持续的时间比你认为你可以忍受的长，笑声包含音调的主要变化和一个非常高的最高音符)”可知，音调高的笑声是不由自主的笑声，故选C。 34.细节理解题。根据第三段“It is proved that the ability to understand laughter seems to be particularly relevant in happily married couples. Studies have shown that couples with lasting happy marriages use laughter as a way of dealing with the everyday stresses of married life. So the couple that laughs together, stays together.(事实证明，理解笑声的能力似乎与幸福的已婚夫妇特别相关。研究表明，拥有长久幸福婚姻的夫妇用笑来应对婚姻生活的日常压力。所以一起笑的情侣，就会一直在一起)”可知，笑声越多，婚姻越幸福，故选B。 35.主旨大意题。根据最后一段内容“Laughter has developed to create and maintain the social groups that are necessary for us to advance, and it helps us to feel better by providing a way out for many of the difficult emotions that are unavoidable when living with other people.(笑已经发展到创造和维持社会群体，这是我们进步所必需的，它通过为与他人生活时不可避免的许多困难情绪提供一条出路，帮助我们感觉更好)”可知，本段主要讲述笑是处理负面情绪的好方法，故选B。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 阅读理解说明文（浙江专用） C 话题一：人与社会 1.（23-24高一下·浙江省台州市·期末） Do you ever get restless if you haven’t checked your phone for a few minutes? If so, you’re not alone. Studies show that people these days check their phones once every four minutes on average! Some of this usage may be related to work. However, much of it is because many apps —particularly social media apps—use “clever techniques” to keep us coming back for more. One of such techniques is to push notifications. You’re getting on with your work or something else when—ping!—a notification pops up on your screen, informing you that a friend has posted something new or commented on your post. It may seem like a small interruption, but it often is enough to break your concentration and make you go back to your phone again. Another method is to make a game of the in-app experience by setting up a competitive goal element. Some apps, for example, uses streaks (连续纪录), which count the number of days you have used the app. If you keep a streak going, you might get a medal or some other rewards. Therefore, keeping one’s streak alive becomes a major reason to return to the app again and again. Once you’ve opened an app, its goal is now to get you continue using it. Messaging apps use a simple but effective trick (伎俩) to keep you engaged even when you’re not writing anything. Have you ever noticed that in some apps, three dots (…) appear to let you know your friend is typing a reply? This trick is designed specifically to create your expectation or curiosity. You wonder what your friend is going to say. Well, you’ll have to keep waiting and see. While using social media apps is certainly fun, becoming addicted definitely isn’t. Now that you know some tricks used by these apps’ designers, you’ll be better equipped to reduce their influence and keep a healthier relationship with your phone. 28.How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1? A．By raising a question. B．By quoting a saying. C．By making a comparison. D．By doing an experiment. 29.How many “clever techniques” are mentioned in the text? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 30.What is special about an app using streaks? A．Ongoing pings will inform you of new posts. B．Competitive games will greatly discourage you. C．Everyday use of the app might earn you a medal. D．Appearance of three dots might disturb your typing. 31.What is the best title for the text? A．Can People Break Their Addition to Games? B．Could Technology Further Improve Phones? C．The Social Media Apps That Waste Your Time D．The Tricks That Keep You Glued to Your Phone 2.（23-24高一下·浙江省衢州市·期末） We are seeing the risks that A．I. presents to society. Deep fakes, a form of photoshop that creates realistic images with the help of A．I. learning, has been used for news reports. Chatbots and A．I. software have a well-documented history of showing racist behavior. The potential widespread job loss at the hands of A．I. puts us all at risk for economic and political trouble. In response, many people have called for increased regulation (监管). But most policymakers simply do not understand artificial intelligence enough to carry out meaningful regulations, and the speed at which A．I. is progressing makes it nearly impossible for them to catch up. The real solution? An A．I. pause, a short-time stop. Already, the idea has been supported by over 1,100 individuals involved in the artificial intelligence community. Under an A．I. pause, no development or research, academic or business, could be done to advance artificial intelligence beyond a certain “power level”. This would give governments the time to analyze and regulate the artificial intelligence field. They would be able to establish policies to protect the jobs of groups like truck drivers whose jobs could be wiped out by A．I.-driven cars. They could create bottom-line standards for crime recognition software to pass before it could be used by local police. On top of that, an A．I. pause could also be good to the companies and research groups developing A．I. models. A pause in the “A．I. arms race” could allow groups like OpenAI to devote more resources to addressing the faults in their current A．I. software rather than rushing to develop more advanced models. A pause could ultimately lead to a superior final product. A．I. could be one of the most beneficial inventions to the human race, but it could also be one of the most societally cataclysmic. With an A．I. pause, we’ll have the opportunity to improve upon and understand A．I. technology, while ensuring that its development is in harmony with our society. 28.What does the author imply in paragraph 2? A．A．I. is growing under control. B．Regulations make little difference. C．The government won’t fail to regulate A．I. D．Politicians should keep a closer eye on A．I. 29.What is the main idea of paragraphs 4 and 5? A．The reasons for an A．I. pause. B．The problems of an A．I. pause. C．The definition of an A．I. pause. D．The benefits of an A．I. pause. 30.What does the “A．I. arms race”  in paragraph 5 refer to? A．A contest to build arms for robots. B．A contest to develop A．I. for the military. C．A competition for advanced A．I. technologies. D．A competition for A．I.-powered sports equipment. 31.What does the underlined word “cataclysmic” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Disastrous. B．Inspiring. C．Beneficial. D．Widespread. 3.（23-24高一下·浙江省宁波市慈溪市·期末） The Paris Olympics are getting ready to defend against cyberattacks (网络攻击), with the threat possibly coming from criminals. “We are worried about everything from the broadcasters to the sponsors, transport infrastructures (基础设施) and support, and competitions. Any kind of attack is on the table,” said John Hultquist, an analyst at Mandiant Consulting, a US cybersecurity consultancy firm. His concern is reasonable, as cyberattacks are surprisingly common during the Olympic Games. The first cyberattack on the Olympics was in Montreal in 1976. Many events had to be postponed or moved because of the 48-hour electrical disruption. Tokyo Olympics in 2021 reported 450 million cyberattacks — which doubled the number experienced during the 2012 London Olympics. However, it’s important to note that the Paris Olympics will make the first attempt to take heavy advantage of artificial intelligence (AI) in its operation. “AI will have a huge impact on us,” a senior French military official stated. “It will allow us to rearrange data faster and extract key events, which will help fight back.” However, he also warned that there are many enemies and the resources may not be enough to deal with all possible attacks. These attacks could target gyms, local transportation such as trains and subways, Paris’ electricity and water systems, phone networks, and media reporting of the Games. The highest risk involves disruption of infrastructures and broadcasts. Furthermore, attacks could extend beyond the Games with the spread of fake videos about the events. Deepfake videos could be used to distract from the reality of particular events. Hultquist also warned that competition results could be tampered (篡改) with, highlighting the potential for interference (干扰) with cameras, timekeeping devices, and scoreboards. Talking about the importance of data security, he recommended keeping systems isolated (隔离的) and using paper backups for scores to ensure their security. 28.What does the underlined phrase “on the table” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Ready. B．Harmful. C．Possible. D．Preventable. 29.Why are many Olympics in the history mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To give the evidence of John’s worry. B．To specify the figures of the cyberattacks. C．To highlight the sharp increase in cyberattacks. D．To illustrate the bad effect caused by the disruption. 30.What is the senior French military official’s attitude toward the use of AI in the Paris Olympics? A．Curious but opposed. B．Positive and optimistic. C．Supportive but cautious. D．Uninterested and doubtful. 31.What are the last two paragraphs mainly about? A．The high risks and their influences. B．Safety concerns of the event and the solutions. C．The impact of deepfake videos and related measures. D．The potential interference and the importance of security. 4.（23-24高一下·浙江省丽水市·期末） Lichens (地衣) cover as much as 8% of the planet’s surface, an area larger than that covered by tropical rain-forests. They can be found growing on bark, rocks or walls; in woodlands, deserts or tundra. Some lichens are familiar to the herbalists who find uses through the “Doctrine of Signatures” (形象学说). For example, species of Lobaria are used to treat lung diseases because of their lung-like appearance. Lichens have also been used for their chemical components. Lichens provide natural dye (染色) stuff in many traditional cultures around the world, including the famous Harris tweed woolens of Scotland. Lichens are also used in the production of perfumes. For example, “oak moss” was used as a component of several high quality French perfumes in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Lichens also provide many important ecosystem services. Lichens contribute to biodiversity — they are found in all biomes. Some lichens are pioneers, so they are often the first to occupy newly exposed surfaces. Lichens also contribute to nutrient cycling. In some old-growth forests, lichens contribute up to 50% of the nitrogen. Many animals use lichens. Up to 90% of reindeer’s winter food consists of lichens, and other animals use lichens for nesting material or hiding places. Lichens can also inform us about the condition of our environment. Many lichens require very specific environmental conditions. For example, presence of certain lichens can be an indicator of climate change. Some lichens are sensitive to air pollution and will disappear when air quality is poor. Lichens are important also because they are beautiful to look at. How colorful would the rocks and cliffs be in the Rocky Mountains without the reds, yellows and greens of the crust lichens? Without these living creatures, our natural areas would look pretty boring and a little more lifeless. 28.How does the author introduce lichens in paragraph 1? A．By explaining the standard definition. B．By describing the growing process. C．By stating the wide range of coverage. D．By showing the diverse species. 29.Which of the following functions are lichens least likely to perform? A．To treat lung disorders. B．To dye natural stuff. C．To make perfumes. D．To remove chemicals. 30.Why are lichens important for assessing environmental conditions? A．They are sensitive to air quality. B．They can survive in extreme weather. C．They provide nesting material for birds. D．They indicate old-growth conditions. 31.What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5.（23-24高一下·浙江省湖州市·期末） After hours of working, many people experience significant drops in energy and find themselves in desperate need of a recharge. But instead of grabbing a coffee, it may be more worthwhile to take a short sleep break known as a power nap. A power nap can “provide the refreshment you need if you’re struggling to stay alert or haven’t had a good night’s sleep,” explains Rebecca Robbins, a sleep scientist. A power nap “gives people the chance to rest for a short period of time to boost workplace productivity (生产率),”she says, but they are only beneficial when they are done correctly. How long should a power nap be? Sleep experts say that an effective power nap should only last 20-30 minutes to increase alertness throughout the day. According to James Maas, a former professor and chair of psychology at Cornell University who invented the term “power nap” more than 50 years ago, “It’s an opportunity to shut your eyes, breathe slowly and recharge.” For most people, 15 minutes should be enough to power through the rest of the work day. However, Maas warns that lengthier naps are counterproductive and even harmful. “Never nap for 60 minutes. If you power nap any time longer than 40 minutes, you’re going to wake up feeling very weak and tired for another hour or so.” Shelby Harris, a clinical psychologist, adds that the best time to take your power nap is between 1 p. m. and 3 p. m. , because napping any later in the day “can interfere with your sleep at night.” In contrast to coffee, which is likely to “damage your sleep at night and only offer short term energy for about 30 minutes,” Robbins says a power nap is a healthier alternative to improve workplace performance, strengthen memory and boost creativity. Harris adds naps have long-term health benefits too, such as improving your mood and aiding in stress management. “Power naps can reduce accidents and mistakes while also improving attention, alertness, concentration and performance. They can even be used effectively to fight sleepy driving when a short nap is taken just before getting behind the wheel,” she says. 28.What did James Maas suggest about a power nap? A．The best time to nap is from 1 p. m. to 3 p. m. B．The longer you nap, the more refreshed you’ll be. C．It’s better to be kept within 15 minutes. D．Napping too long does more harm than good. 29.Good power naps have the following benefits except __________. A．contributing to our refreshment. B．improving our memory and mood. C．disturbing your sleep at night. D．helping effectively manage stress. 30.How does the author develop the passage? A．By giving definitions. B．By making comparisons. C．By showing examples. D．By quoting from others. 31.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Tips on Taking Power Naps B．Ways to Get You Refreshed C．The Benefits of a Power Nap D．Steps to Improve Your Sleep 话题二：人与自然 1.（23-24高一下·浙江省宁波九校·期末） In the spring, the western tanagers (唐纳雀) prepared to migrate (迁徙) thousands of miles to the forests of the Mountain West, flying through grasslands, deserts, and occasionally, suburban yards. To fuel them on their lengthy journey, western tanagers feed on insects and berries. They must take advantage of the early-season boom in insects that started with springtime plant growth to produce healthy young. But as global climate change caused spring to start earlier, birds such as western tanagers were arriving at their destination after what was known as “green-up”, when flowers began blooming and insects popped up. With the shift of the time when plants put out new leaves, western tanagers became more likely to reach their destinations when food is in shortage or after insect numbers have begun to drop. Scott Loss, a professor at Oklahoma State University and his colleagues used satellite imagery to calculate the average start of spring green-up along the typical migration routes of 150 North American bird species, and then compared that timing with the current green-up. They found that spring was indeed beginning earlier along birds’ migration routes. The trend continued this year. The paper continued to build this picture of the inability of birds to track the changing seasons caused by climate change. Timing mismatches between birds and their food could affect whether birds survived the migration and how many chicks they had. Morgan Tingley, a researcher at UCLA said that the migration research could indicate conservation efforts in the future. “Part of it suggested which species were vulnerable (易受伤害的) to various threats,” Tingley said. “This added to the knowledge about vulnerability of a wide range of bird species.” And he hoped that the information would serve to highlight the urgent need to lower greenhouse-gas emissions as fast as possible: “It was really important, if we couldn’t address climate change immediately, to try to stop habitat loss as much as we can.” 28.During the migration, what will happen to the western tanagers after “green-up” ? A．They will struggle to find enough insects and berries. B．They will have difficulty finding suitable nesting sites. C．They will hardly find blooming flowers for reproduction. D．They will find it hard to survive harsher weather conditions. 29.What is the direct result of the timing mismatch between birds and their food? A．The loss of birds’ habitats. B．The decrease of birds’ survival rate. C．The contribution to the greenhouse effect. D．The increase of difficulty in biodiversity conservation. 30.What is Morgan Tingley’s attitude towards the research findings in the last paragraph? A．Uncertain. B．Critical. C．Concerned. D．Indifferent. 31.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Diverse Patterns of Bird Migration B．The Timing Mismatch of Western Tanagers C．The Impact of Climate Change on Migratory Birds D．The Vulnerability of Bird Species to Various Threats 2.（23-24高一下·浙江省温州市·期末） Everyone knows this: Slowly turn up the heat on a frog in a pot of water, and the frog won’t hop out. Unaware of the slight increase in heat, it will stay put until — well, until it dies. When it comes to the effect of rising global temperatures on amphibians (两栖动物), the frog-boiling fable is more than just a metaphor (隐喻). Climate change is becoming one of the biggest threats to frogs and other amphibians, according to a major study published Wednesday in the journal Nature. Between 2004 and 2022, rising temperatures became the primary reason why more than 100 amphibian species were slipping toward extinction. The spread of disease among frogs and the destruction of their habitats have long been recognized as reasons why many amphibians are decreasing. But this new study establishes climate change as a major risk for amphibians around the world, too. The soft-skinned animals lack the fur and feathers to help adjust their temperature in this hotter and more drought-stricken world. Less attention is paid to frogs and other amphibians compared to more well-known groups like birds. But losing amphibians would be disastrous because they often act as a key link in the food web of ecosystems, wolfing insects down and, in turn, being eaten by larger predators (捕食者).“Without those amphibians to fill that role, we will see the breakdown of this food web,” said Neam, who works for an Austin-based environmental group. Luckily, habitat protection and other conservation measures have been taken to help recover more than five dozen amphibians from Costa Rica to Malaysia. “It’s not all bad news,” said Jennifer Luedtke, an amphibian group leader of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. “But we really must build on this improvement and significantly increase investment in amphibian conservation.” 28.How is the topic introduced? A．By listing facts. B．By explaining ideas. C．By sharing a story. D．By raising a question. 29.What is the main reason for the decrease of amphibians according to the new study? A．The spread of disease. B．The loss of habitats. C．The rise of temperature. D．The lack of feathers. 30.What will happen if the number of amphibians decreases? A．The food chain will be destroyed. B．Wolves will depend more on insects. C．Predators will be the key role of the web. D．The ecosystem will become more diverse. 31.How does Luedtke feel about the future of amphibians? A．Worried. B．Hopeful. C．Uncertain. D．Curious. 3（23-24高一下·浙江省金华市·期末） A new observation in Sumatra caught seasoned scientists by surprise. An orangutan (红毛猩猩) known as Rakus treated a fresh wound with a medicinal plant, making this the first time an animal has been seen applying a biologically active substance (物质) for its health benefits. This leaves scientists wondering: Did humans invent medicine, or does it pre-date our species? These animals are known to be among the most intelligent non-human primates (灵长类). They’ve been observed using tools, communicating vocally, and engaging in even more complex behaviors like calculated reciprocity, which involves aiding another orangutan with the expectation of being paid back. They can even use Skype with some help from humans. Roughly 60,000-70,000 of these creatures remain in the wild, about 15,000 of which live on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. That’s where the Suaq Project, part of the Max Planck Institute for Animal Behavior, observes orangutans in their natural habitat. The researchers noted in June that Rakus had a small wound on his face following a fight with another mature male orangutan. Several days later, Rakus did something no one had ever seen a primate do before. He began carefully picking the leaves from a climbing vine (藤蔓) known as akar  kuning. Local human populations have long used these leaves for pain relief and to treat conditions like malaria. Orangutans don’t usually eat these plants; indeed, Rakus didn’t eat them. He chewed (嚼碎) them and then applied the resulting paste to his facial wound. This is the first time researchers have seen such behavior in 21 years at the Sumatran research station. Wild orangutans are rarely injured, so this may be a rare but widespread behavior. Or perhaps Rakus is the only one that knows this trick. The researchers assumed that early humans may have learned about certain treatment by observing animals engaging in similar behaviors. And here we are, thousands of generations later, still watching and wondering just how smart they are. Increasingly, it looks like orangutans are one cave painting away from civilization. 28.Why does the author mention Skype in paragraph 2? A．To support an idea. B．To draw a conclusion. C．To explain a problem. D．To present a suggestion. 29.What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．How Rakus got injured. B．How Rakus treated his wound. C．What Rakus ate in the wild. D．What Rakus explored in the forest. 30.What can be inferred about the new observation? A．It proves the medical value of a plant leaf. B．It shows a widespread behavior among orangutans. C．It answers one of scientists’ questions about medicine. D．It adds evidence to show the intelligence of orangutans. 31.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Non-human Primates Seen Using Tools in the Wild B．Orangutans Proved to Be the Most Intelligent Primate C．A Project Observes Orangutans in Their Natural Habitat D．An Orangutan Observed Applying Medicinal Plant to a Wound 4.（23-24高一下·浙江省杭州市·期末） These days, the skies don’t seem so inviting: Airfares are climbing. Passengers are fighting. Computer systems, and entire airlines, are melting down. Any of those might be reason enough for some to stay off a plane. But for a small, yet growing, number of travelers, the problem with air travel goes way further. They are giving up flying because of its effect on the climate. “I choose to stay grounded because it aligns (一致) with what is true,” said Dan Castrigano, 36, a former teacher who in 2020 signed a promise not to travel by air. “The climate is breaking down.” One Boeing 747 carrying 416 passengers from Heathrow Airport in London to Edinburgh produces the same carbon dioxide as 336 cars traveling the same distance, according to BBC Science Focus, a peer-reviewed magazine. That huge carbon footprint is leading many activists and scientists to issue cries to fly less, or not at all. There is perhaps no country with more anti-flight activists than Sweden, where by 2020, 15, 000 people had signed a nationwide promise to travel without flying for at least one year. The nonprofit behind that movement, We Stay on the Ground, is now raising funds and hopes to get 100, 000 signatories in the next few years. Swedes have coined a word, flygskam, to describe the shame associated with flying. We Stay on the Ground inspired the Flight Free movements in Britain and Australia, as well as Flight Free USA．There are other grass-roots movements, too: Stay Grounded, a global network of over 150 organizations promoting other means to travel, was founded in 2016 and has its headquarters in Austria; Byway, a British travel planning company founded during the Covid-19 lockdown, allows customers to plan flight-free routes across Europe. Airlines are taking efforts to make flying greener, with promises to achieve “net zero” carbon emissions (排放) in the next three decades. Activists say that progress isn’t coming fast enough and are pushing for frequent fliers to at least consider small changes, which they say could add up to big differences. 28.Who is the target audience of the passage? A．Airline workers. B．Government employees. C．Frequent fliers. D．Tour guides. 29.Why does the writer mention Dan Castrigano in paragraph 2? A．To give an example. B．To share a story. C．To present an issue. D．To express an opinion. 30.What can be implied from the passage? A．Flight shame goes global. B．Swedes are proud to travel by plane. C．People are trading wheels for wings. D．British are leading in action to fly less. 31.What is the author’s attitude towards the idea of giving up flying? A．Dissatisfied. B．Supportive. C．Worried. D．Confident. 5.（23-24高一下·浙江省台州市·期末） Babies as young as four months old can make sense of how their bodies interact with the space around them, according to a new research from the University of Birmingham. The findings, published in Scientific Reports, throw new light on how self-awareness develops. In the first stage, experts from the Birmingham Baby Lab showed babies a ball on a screen moving towards them. When the ball was closest to them on the screen, the babies were presented with a touch on their hands, while their brain activity was being measured. It was found that even in the first few months of life, before babies have even learned to reach for objects, the multisensory (多感官的) brain is wired up to make links between what babies see and what they feel. Dr Giulia Orioli, the study leader, said: “Since we know babies in the early stages of their development begin to show signs of this, it opens up questions about how much of these abilities are learned, or inborn.” Then a ball on a screen was shown moving away from them in the second stage. The experts found that in babies aged eight months old when the touch on their hand followed the ball on the screen moving away from them, the babies’ brain activity showed signs that they were amazed. The older babies’ responses suggest that they had not expected the touch. Next, the researchers are planning to follow up this study with younger participants, hoping to be able to see if there are early signs of these “multisensory” abilities in newborn babies. “It is a challenge working with newborns,” Dr Orioli concluded, “but we are starting to have some success working with this age group, and it is going to be fascinating to see if babies only a few days old have the foundations of a sense of their bodies in space. If so, it could be that we are looking at the origins of human consciousness.” 28.What can we learn about Stage 1 of the research? A．Babies’ multisensory abilities are learned. B．Babies learn to reach for objects earlier than expected. C．Babies connect what they see and feel in the first few months. D．Babies’ brain activity was measured when a ball touched them. 29.What is the babies’ response in Stage 2 of the research? A．Surprise. B．Fear. C．Calmness. D．Annoyance. 30.How does Dr Orioli feel about the future of this research? A．Doubtful. B．Hopeful. C．Puzzled. D．Worried. 31.Which one is the best title for the text? A．Babies’ Interaction with Balls Measured B．Origins of Human Consciousness Found C．Babies’ Multisensory Brain Developed at Birth D．Young Babies Showing Signs of Self-awareness D 话题一：人与社会 1.（23-24高一下·浙江省杭州市·期末） Life is busy. We’re always expected to be productive and engaged, whether that’s with parenting, housework, or work. While taking time for small rewards can feel like a luxury (奢侈), the truth is that it is necessary for improving our mental health. A key psychological idea behind this is the Premack Principle, which explains why treating ourselves is more than a tendency; it’s a way to improve our daily lives. In the 1960s, American psychologist David Premack developed a theory now known as Premack Principle. He explained that doing something you’re more likely to do can be a reward for doing something you don’t actually want to do. For instance, if you finish a task you’re not interested in, like cleaning the bathroom, you can treat yourself to something you like, such as watching an episode of your favorite TV show. This approach takes advantage of our natural need for fun to help us get through tasks we might not enjoy. Recent studies keep showing that giving yourself rewards can help improve your work and happiness. For example, Woolley and Fishbach discovered that getting rewards right away can make you more motivated because it links the reward directly with the task. What’s interesting is that it’s not about how big the reward is but how quickly you get it that matters. Another study by Landry and others found it’s not the reward itself but rather how the reward makes people feel that helps them do their best. This makes sense because rewards boost our dopamine (多巴胺) levels, which plays a key role in how our brains feel pleasure.     The idea of giving ourselves “little treats” is not just about enjoying something; it’s proof of how positive reinforcement can change our behavior and make us feel better mentally. By carefully using the Premack Principle and rewarding ourselves, we can find more motivation (动机) to face challenges and lead a happier life. It’s okay torecognize and celebrate our efforts, big or small.     So, go ahead, give yourself that little treat. You’ve earned it. 32.What is the Premack Principle? A．A tool to work out a long-term plan. B．Away to complete tasks effectively. C．A means to make boring tasks enjoyable. D．A theory to explain how rewards improve happiness. 33.According to Woolley and Fishbach, what helps to improve motivation? A．The type of tasks. B．The immediate reward. C．The size of the reward. D．The level of dopamine. 34.What might be a “positive reinforcement” according to paragraph 4? A．A cleanup. B．Physical training. C．Graduation ceremony. D．A favourite snack. 35.What is the most suitable title for the text? A．The Importance of Productivity B．Motivation and Mental Health C．The Premack Principle for Life D．Dopamine and the Brain’s Pleasure 2.（23-24高一下·浙江省台州市·期末） Anthropologist Daniel Miller has observed that an alien (外星人) visiting Earth might suppose that four-wheeled creatures rule the planet. These rulers, he points out, are “served by a host of slaves who walk on legs and spend their whole lives serving them.” He meant this as a joke, but it mirrors American car culture to some extent. In the US, the costs of car dependency keep growing, far above the $12, 000-per-year average expense of owning a new one. Coast-to-coast, the cars we drive cause about 16% of greenhouse gas emissions. They cause significant air pollution, which worsens heart disease rates. Motor vehicle accidents are a leading cause of death in people aged 1 to 44. Since 2010 the number of pedestrians (行人) killed by cars has increased to about 7,500 a year. American car culture is a choice that now comes at too high a cost, both for ourselves and for the environment. After a century of its central place in our lives, we need to rethink our world into one not so attached to cars. Solutions are obvious and right in front of us. Sidewalks and bike trails should receive the same priority (优先权) as roads in our cities, instead of being afterthoughts. Unreasonable demands by the Government that the public get back behind the wheel to offices need to stop. We can even provide discounts to bicyclists who take the train or subway. Another reality is that car parking is too cheap across much of the country, where different parking prices can change our plans from hopping in the car during rush hours to taking the subway instead. We need to end our car-centered way of life nationwide. Otherwise, those aliens will have made the right call on who serves who, the cars or the people. 32.Why are aliens and slaves mentioned at the beginning? A．To compare aliens to slaves. B．To amuse readers with a joke. C．To warn readers of the coming danger. D．To illustrate humans’ dependence on cars. 33.What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The great popularity of cars. B．The negative impact of cars. C．The environmental damage by cars. D．The high cost of owning cars. 34.Which measure might be taken according to the author? A．Promote walking and bicycling. B．Demand the public drive to work. C．Offer free train rides to bicyclists. D．Reduce parking fees in rush hours. 35.What is the text aimed at? A．Introducing American car culture. B．Recommending a replacement for cars. C．Encouraging a less car-dependent lifestyle. D．Explaining the phenomenon of car dependency. 3.（23-24高一下·浙江省金华市·期末） Do you ever get that feeling that there aren’t enough hours in the day? That time is somehow racing away from you, and it is impossible to fit everything in. But then, you step outside into the countryside and suddenly everything seems slower, more relaxed, like time has somehow changed. It’s not just you — recent research showed nature can regulate our sense of time. For many of us, the combined demands of work, home and family mean that we are always feeling like we don’t have enough time. Time poverty has also been exacerbated by digital technologies. Permanent (长久的，永久的) online connectivity lengthens working hours and can make it harder to switch off from the demands of friends· and family. Recent researches suggest that the cure for our lack of time may lie in the natural world which may change how we experience time. These studies consistently showed that people report a sense of expanded time when they were in nature compared to when they were in an urban environment. For example, people are more likely to perceive (感知) a walk in the countryside as longer than a walk of the same length in the city. Nature seems to slow and expand our sense of time. It’s not just our sense of time in the moment which appears to be changed but also our sense of the future. Spending time in nature helps to shift our focus from the immediate moment towards our future needs. So rather than focusing on the stress of the demands on our time, nature helps us to see the bigger picture. This can help us prioritise (优先处理) our actions to meet our long-term goals rather than living in a state of “just about keeping our head above water”. Getting out into nature may sound like a simple fix, but for many people, particularly those living in urban areas, nature can be hard to access. Green infrastructure such as trees and parks in and around cities are essential to making sure the benefits of time in nature are accessible to everyone. 32.What does the underlined word “exacerbated”  in paragraph 2 mean? A．Changed. B．Reflected. C．Worsened. D．Controlled. 33.How does nature change our sense of the future?. A．By changing our focus. B．By promoting immediate actions. C．By releasing our stress. D．By reducing the demands on time. 34.According to the author, what is a solution to our lack of time? A．Move to the countryside. B．Decrease online connectivity. C．Get into green space in urban areas. D．Learn to refuse the unreasonable demands. 35.What is the passage mainly about? A．Researches reveal our poverty of time in nature. B．Being in nature can change our perception of time. C．Exploring nature will bring great benefits to people. D．People tend to lead a green life in modern urban areas. 4（23-24高一下·浙江省宁波市奉化区·期末） Artificial intelligence(AI) models have long surpassed (超出) just creating text responses and images. Now, with only one sentence, OpenAI’s latest text-to-video model, Sora, can turn your words into video with good visual quality while completely following your content instructions (指令). Sora is said to be better than many other existing models with similar functions. The AI model can create videos at suitable aspect ratios (屏幕高宽比) for different devices. It also lets users quickly test out content in lower quality before making the high-quality version, which helps speed up output according to the user’s requests. Apart from this, its ability to present videos in a realistic and smooth manner is surprising. Sora can create detailed scenes with several characters, specific types of motion, and accurate (准确的) subject and background details. Beyond the user’s requests, it also understands how these elements exist in the real world. For example, reflections in the water change as a woman walks by. However, the current model isn’t perfect. It may have trouble accurately showing how things move in a complicated (复杂的) scene and might not get how one action leads to another. For example, if someone eats part of a cookie in a Sora-made video, the cookie might not look like it’s been bitten into. The model might mix up directions and find it hard to describe events in the right order. One possible reason is that Sora learns each basic unit of a video, known as a spacetime patch (时空补丁), independently. Sora is still in the testing stage of development. OpenAI is now inviting network security professionals to make random attacks on Sora’s system in order to test the model’s possible weaknesses and risks. Sora has also been open to some visual artists, designers and filmmakers. Their feedback will help OpenAI to improve the model to better serve creative professionals. 32.What is the main focus of paragraph 2 and 3? A．Sora’s strengths. B．Sora’s weaknesses. C．Sora’s development. D．Sora’s popularity. 33.Why does the author provide the example in paragraph 4? A．To show Sora’s safety problems. B．To show Sora’s existing weaknesses. C．To show Sora’s perfect performance. D．To explain the concept of a spacetime patch. 34.What can we know about Sora up to now? A．It has experienced testing and improvement. B．It has enjoyed great popularity. C．It has made random attacks. D．It has been applied in various industries. 35.What’s the best title for the text? A．Sora: A perfect text-to-video AI model B．Sora: Surpass existing ChatGPT C．Sora: Known as a spacetime patch D．Sora: Lead the way in creating videos 5.（23-24高一下·浙江省温州市·期末） In the 1930s, the first cake mixes (蛋糕粉) which only required water were invented and some people argued that this approach, the easiest, was the best. But others thought cooks would want to do more. The cake-mix argument may be out-dated, but its central question remains: Just how demanding do we want our technologies to be? Then what is a demanding technology? Two elements are included: One is that it is technology that takes time to master, and the other is that its operation includes some real risk of failure. Therefore, a piano is a demanding technology, as is a programming language or a machine system. However, so-called easy technologies usually require little concentrated effort and produce predictable results. Clearly, easy technologies have remade human society over the past century, but the problem is that, as every individual task becomes easier, we demand much more of both ourselves and others. As a result, we are faced with a larger number of small tasks(writing hundreds of e-mails)instead of fewer difficult tasks (writing several long letters). And, when every task is easy, nearly all people are multitasking (多任务处理). Easy technologies supposedly free us to focus on what matters, but sometimes what matters gets eliminated. Everyone knows that it is easier to drive to the top of a mountain than to hike; the views may be the same, but the feeling never is. Following the same idea, we develop into beings that can do more. However, we can’t get the same satisfaction as we expect. I don’t mean that everything needs to be done the hard way. But we must take challenges seriously, or we’ll face the danger of becoming creatures whose lives are less satisfying. 32.What makes demanding technologies different from easy technologies? A．It requires much effort. B．It takes little attention. C．It achieves intended effect. D．It deals with machines. 33.What is a possible result of easy technologies? A．More time for concentration. B．Writing much longer letters. C．Lower expectations on others. D．Doing various tasks at a time. 34.What does the underlined word “eliminated” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Noticed. B．Stressed. C．Improved. D．Removed. 35.Which of the following can be the best title of this passage? A．The Argument Over Cake Mixes B．What Is A Demanding Technology? C．The Problem With Easy Technologies D．What Challenges Do Humans Face? 6.（23-24高一下·浙江省丽水市·期末） The new e-skin improves tasks requiring accuracy (精确) and force control, overcoming a big challenge in advancing technology. Unlike traditional e-skins , this new e-skin stays accurate even when it stretches. “Much like human skin has to stretch and bend as we move, so does e-skin,” explains Nanshu Lu, a professor in the Cockrell School. The breakthrough lies in an innovative hybrid response pressure sensor that Lu and her partners have developed over years. Lu sees the stretchable e-skin as an important part of a robot hand that can mirror the softness and sensitivity of a human hand. This new e-skin technology senses pressure from contact, letting the attached machine knowhow much force to use to, for example, grab a cup or touch a person. In demonstrations, the new e-skin allowed the robot hand to adaptto various sensitive tasks, such as accurately measuring human pulse (脉搏) and pulse waves, securely holding objects without dropping them and even handling unexpected items like coins inside a glass or pressing on a potato chip without breaking it. Lu and her team are currently exploring potential applications, including partnering to build a robotic arm equipped with the e-skin technology. They have also applied for a basic patent (专利) for the e-skin, indicating its potential for business use. In a world where the aging population exceeds (超过) the number of caregivers, the need for efficient and gentle care solutions is necessary. Lu believes robots equipped with advanced technologies like the stretchable e-skin could play a vital role in dealing with this global challenge. Beyond medicine,human-caring robots could be used in disasters. They could search for injured and trapped people in an earthquake or a collapsed building. From healthcare to disaster response, the potential is significant. With further development and cooperation with robotics companies, Lu hopes to see this e-skin technology make its way to the market, marking the beginning of a new era ofhuman-robot interaction and care. 32.What advantage does the newe-skin have over traditional e-skins? A．It keeps accurate even when stretching. B．It enables robots to move at a fast speed. C．It allows robot hands to bend into all shapes. D．It helps robot hands control with less force. 33.What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The wide applications of the new e-skin. B．The important development of the new e-skin. C．The major challenge of the pressure sensor D．The strong function of the pressure sensor. 34.What can robots with the new e-skin do for the global challenge of aging population? A．Reduce healthcare costs. B．Limit global business use. C．Replace human caregivers. D．Improve medical care efficiency. 35.What is the author’s attitude to the future of the new e-skin? A．Doubtful. B．Unclear C．Optimistic. D．Subjective. 7.（23-24高一下·浙江省宁波九校·期末） One thing that many Americans can agree on, even in an era of deep political polarization (两极分化), is that our country is in a moral free fall. In survey after survey, US adults of all ages, education levels, political or religious backgrounds say that people are less kind, honest, generous, and respectful than they used to be. So is our nation’s moral foundation falling apart? Not necessarily. In fact, two psychologists, Columbia’s Adam Mastroianni and Harvard’s Daniel Gilbert, say that the widespread belief in moral decline (下降) is a misconception. They recently conducted a meta-analysis of all the major surveys that asked Americans about the state of moral values in this country and they found that US residents have been complaining about one another’s declining morality for as long as researchers have been seeking their opinions on the matter. And yet when individual respondents are asked multiple times, over the span of a decade or more, to describe the level of politeness and kindness they observe in their fellow citizens, their descriptions of other people’s attitudes and behaviors do not actually worsen at all. Mastroianni and Gilbert, whose paper appears in the journal Nature, say the results of similar surveys conducted in dozens of other countries over the decades suggest that people all over the world are easy to be influenced by the misconception that their peers are less moral than they once were. They say that this misconception is likely explained by two well-established psychological phenomena acting together: that we tend to pay closer attention to negative rather than positive information about people’s actions in the present day; and that we tend to selectively forget such negative impressions as the years roll on, leaving us with good memories for the past. Mastroianni and Gilbert also say that their discovery has important social and political implications, especially given that, as one 2015 survey found, three-quarters of all Americans believe that addressing the moral breakdown of the country should be a high priority (优先项) for the government. “The United States faces many well-documented problems, from climate change and terrorism to racial injustice and economic inequality — and yet, nowadays it is believed that the government should devote fewer resources to reversing an imaginary trend.” 32.What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To provide a historical review of American society. B．To present contrasting viewpoints on moral decline. C．To introduce the topic of moral decline in American society. D．To discuss the method of psychological research on moral decline. 33.What is the main argument presented by Mastroianni and Gilbert in their research? A．The morality of American society seems to be on a rapid rise. B．American citizens’ belief in declining morality is a false idea. C．The moral breakdown has already been a long-term issue in America. D．American society has realized its own misconception of moral decline. 34.According to the passage, what is the reason for the widespread belief in moral decline? A．Selective memory about previous impressions. B．The mixed influence of psychological phenomena. C．Negative descriptions of morality from peers. D．Lack of government involvement in moral issues. 35.What does Mastroianni and Gilbert’s research imply on social and political views? A．Americans should attach more importance to global issues. B．Americans should help the government reverse the moral decline. C．Government resources should be focused on addressing the moral decline. D．Addressing the imaginary moral breakdown should not be a top choice. 8.（23-24高一下·浙江省湖州市·期末） Smartphone ownership among younger children is increasing rapidly. Parents of younger children may occasionally look at their child’s phone to check whether it’s being used responsibly and safely. But as children mature into teens, parental inspections will likely feel like an invasion (侵犯) of privacy. So, what do parents need to consider when making the “phone rules” for their children as they get older? Parents get their younger children phones for many reasons. Some feel it’ll help keep kids safe when, for example, travelling on their own to and from school. Others have bought one after intense pressure from their child or worry their child will be left out socially if all their friends have a phone. Some also tell me they are reluctant to let their child use the parents’phone for fear of risking important work files or information stored on the phone. Parents understandably want their children to be safe. Monitoring may be part of this, but it’s not the whole story. Education and open dialogue about phone safety should begin the day the child gets their phone and continue as they grow. This may include controls, restrictions and monitoring, but does not necessarily need to include phone checking. Establishing the rules on safety and well-being for using the phone is the key. This means talking to the children about how and when they use their phone, why they shouldn’t answer unknown texts and calls, beware of giving out personal information online, and about being kind online. Let the children know they can always talk to their parents if they have a weird or bad experience online. As children mature, parental guidance also needs to change. After about 12 months of the child’s phone ownership, checking phone s needs to fade, and ongoing open communication needs to become the mainstay. Parents may also try new ways of using the phone or certain apps together with their child. For example, they can use the screentime feature to discuss, and be aware of their developing phone habits. 32.Which of the following is the reason for parents’ buying their children smartphones? A．Knowing children’s school life. B．Following others’ steps. C．Taking online courses. D．Sharing their life at work. 33.What’s likely to threaten children’s safety? A．Keeping secret of their personal information. B．Answering unknown texts and calls. C．Setting up rules on safety of using the phone. D．Chatting with their parents about their phone use. 34.What does the underlined word “weird” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Strange. B．Pleasant. C．Precious. D．Ordinary. 35.What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Checking phones is the best way to ensure children’s online safety. B．Open dialogues between parents and children improve their relationship. C．Using screentime feature is helpful to prevent giving out personal information. D．Parental guidance should be based on solving problems together and respectfully. 话题二：人与自然 1.（23-24高一下·浙江省嘉兴市·期末） People greet each other in various ways, such as saying “hello” in different languages or through physical actions like shaking hands, giving hugs, or exchanging kisses. Similarly, elephants have various greetings, as revealed by a recent study conducted on African elephants in Zimbabwe’s Jafuta Reserve. “Female elephants of different family groups might have strong social bonds (纽带) with each other, forming what we call bond groups,” said Vesta Eleuteri of the University of Vienna, the lead writer of the study. “Earlier studies in the wild have reported that when these groups meet, the elephants perform special greetings to announce and strengthen their social bonds.” The study identified around 20 specific movements related with elephant greetings, often accompanied by different sounds as well. Smell also plays a crucial role in greetings, with elephants exhibiting behaviors like emitting (排放) body waste. Besides, elephants make gestures (动作) meant to be seen, such as spreading their ears or displaying their behinds, and employ touching gestures involving touching other elephants. They actually show an understanding of what other elephants can see, using visual gestures when their partner is looking and touching gestures when they are not. Similar greeting behavior has been observed in various animals, which helps manage social situations by reducing tension or confirming social bonds. The study observed both female and male elephants in the reserve, with female greetings closely matching those of wild elephants, while male greetings appeared different. Wild male elephants often don’t form close connections with others but use their noses to touch the heads of other elephants, giving off a chemical called temporin containing important information. Elephant greetings play an important part in communication and social bonding among these intelligent creatures. Through their gestures, sounds, and smells, elephants deliver important. information about their identity, physical state, and emotional well-being. 32.What do we know about elephant greetings from paragraph 1? A．They are performed mainly by male elephants. B．They are used to show power within the group. C．They include physical actions similar to humans’. D．They strengthen social bonds between family groups. 33.How do elephants show awareness of what others see? A．They produce different smells. B．They make as many gestures as possible. C．They make use of sounds to draw attention. D．They employ visual or touching gestures accordingly. 34.What methods were adopted in the recent study on elephants? A．Interview s and surveys. B．Observation and comparison. C．Model design and creation. D．Experiments and data collection. 35.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Secret in Elephant Behaviors B．Science Behind Elephant Sounds C．Exploration of Elephant Greetings D．New Light on Elephant Movements 话题三：人与自我 1.（23-24高一下·浙江省宁波市慈溪市·期末） Have you ever wondered about the universal layout (布局) of supermarkets? Smart designers are behind it, subtly tempting you to walk through each aisle and fill your shopping cart without even realizing it. Grocery store design is a carefully crafted art from both psychological and marketing standpoints, according to Reeves Connelly, who studied architectural design at the Pratt Institute. He explained there is a specific reason why fruit and vegetables are often located at the front of the store, “You’ll grab the fruits and vegetables first and then hopefully feel less guilty about buying junk food later on.” Meanwhile, essential items such as milk and eggs are placed at the back of the store to ensure customers walk through other aisles with many unhealthy options like snacks and sodas, potentially increasing the likelihood of impulse purchases. There’s also a reason why you often feel lost in local supermarkets. Shockingly, they move things around. Reeves explained, “They are very much aware that these strategies become less effective after you visit the store a few times and get a better sense of where everything is, so they’ll regularly move the products to different aisles to con fuse you. The practice is not limited to a specific store but is employed across various retail chains.” “Their little tricks always work on me,” one regular shopper admits, “I walk in to get three things and end up spending $300; that’s why I hate grocery shopping,” he said. On the other hand, some shoppers are proud to declare they have never fallen into the trap. “That’s why I always keep a shopping list on me,” another shopper shared. “I’ve started having my groceries delivered. If I have to go to the store, I never grab a trolley. If I can’t carry it, I’m not buying it,” he added. 32.What is the purpose of the supermarket layout? A．To show the designer’s wisdom. B．To save consumers’ shopping time. C．To increase non-essential purchases. D．To provide multiple goods for choice. 33.What would the store owner probably do to make more profits? A．Put the healthy food together. B．Distribute junk food in different areas. C．Place essential items before junk food. D．Rearrange products in supermarkets regularly. 34.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Most shoppers are trapped in marketing tricks. B．Shopping baskets are better than heavy trolleys. C．Making lists can be a smart act for impulse buying. D．Grocery delivery can help improve supermarket sales. 35.Where is this text most likely from? A．A business magazine. B．A psychology report. C．A research paper. D．A shopping guide. 2.（23-24高一下·浙江省衢州市·期末） However good the rest of that joke might be, the one thing we know for sure is that the person hearing a joke is far more likely to laugh if they are in the company of others, compared to being alone. Studies have shown that people are 30 times easier to laugh in company than when on their own. Laughter is a social behavior. It is infectious(有感染力的) and is caused by other people’s presence and their laughter. In fact, try listening to laughter, not the joke that produced it. It’s more than likely that you will find yourself beginning to laugh along in response. There appear to be two different sorts of laughter. There is the involuntary laugh, which is unlikely to be stopped. This sort of laughter is characterized by its length — it can continue for longer than you think you can bear, and the laugh contains major changes in pitch (音调) with a very high top note. And then there’s social laughter, the sort of laugh people give when they want to accept something. This polite laughter is characterized by less obvious pitch changes.  Psychologists have established that people are good at telling the difference between these two different sorts of laughter. However, the ability to distinguish them is something we learn. A  child cannot tell what is voluntary and what is social laughter. It is proved that the ability to understand laughter seems to be particularly relevant in happily married couples. Studies have shown that couples with lasting happy marriages use laughter as a way of dealing with the everyday stresses of married life. So the couple that laughs together, stays together. Laughter has developed to create and maintain the social groups that are necessary for us to advance, and it helps us to feel better by providing a way out for many of the difficult emotions that are unavoidable when living with other people. In fact, it’s a kind of glue that holds human societies together. 32.In what situation are people easier to laugh? A．Being alone. B．Hearing a really funny joke. C．Staying with their beloved pets. D．Listening to others’ infectious laughter. 33.Which of the following is a kind of involuntary laughter? A．Polite laughter. B．Social laughter. C．High-pitched laughter. D．Controllable laughter. 34.What is the connection between laughter and marriage? A．No laughter, no marriage. B．More laughter, happier marriage. C．Laughter comes before marriage. D．Laughter is easy, while marriage is difficult. 35.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning laughter? A．Laughter is a necessity for human survival. B．Laughter is a good way to deal with negative emotions. C．Laughter helps people make more contributions to the society. D．Laughter was created by some social groups to avoid bad emotions. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$