考题猜想01阅读理解-说明文培优专练20篇（考题猜想)-2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末考点大串讲（人教版2019）

2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末考点大串讲（人教版2019） 考题猜想01阅读理解-说明文培优专练20篇 Passage 01 （山东省烟台市2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）32°N adaptive glasses, created by Deep Optics using pixelated liquid crystal (PLC) lenses (像素化液晶镜片), work as both protective eyewear and adaptive reading glasses. PLC lenses appeared as early as 2017, but only recently did the company create an interesting pair of eyeglasses that could, in theory, become the only pair of glasses a person would need. That`s because the adaptive concept of the glasses allows wearers to adjust their purpose with a single slide of the frame (框架). For stylish sunglasses, simply slide backward on the right frame, and to put them into vision correction mode, you just slide back to the original place. Additionally, the lens power can be changed from 0 to 2.5 diopters (屈光度), and the built-in battery offers up to 48 hours of power. “Our special technology actively corrects vision using PLC lenses,” Deep Optics explains. “The lenses perform like human eyes, allowing the wearer to see what they want when they want. Our technology adds no extra weight or size.” The lenses are set in frames containing a distance meter on the bridge, which measures the distance from the wearer`s face to objects. The meter then sends a signal to adjust the diopters of the lenses. This adjustment can happen quickly, letting the user focus from one object to another clearly and accurately in 14 milliseconds. At $849 per pair, 32°N glasses are not cheap, but they do relieve you of the need to carry two pairs of eyeglasses with you. No more changing between reading and distance glasses, as after adjusting the liquid crystal lenses to your needs, all you have to do is a slide on the right frame to change their focus between close and far distances. These adaptive sunglasses are a giant step forward, ridding the need for single-use lenses. And 32°N glasses are not just primary designs that may or may not make it to the market. They are already available, despite their high price. Still, if liquid lenses become more mainstream, the price is certain to come down in the future. 8．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us? A．How the lenses are fixed. B．How the lenses work. C．How the lenses bear more weight. D．How the lenses are created. 9．Which words best describe 32°N glasses? A．Heavy but effective. B．Costly but multi-functional. C．Creative but easily-broken. D．Energy-saving but inflexible. 10．What can we know about 32°N glasses from the last paragraph? A．They haven`t reached consumers. B．Theyllcurewearers eye illnesses. C．They have replaced the old sunglasses. D．They`re a breakthrough in the glasses industry. 11．In which section of a website may the text appear? A．Education. B．Sports. C．Science. D．Entertainment. 【答案】8．B 9．B 10．D 11．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种由Deep Optics公司使用像素化液晶(PLC)镜片开发的32°N自适应眼镜。这种眼镜既可以作为保护眼镜使用，也可以作为可调节的阅读眼镜。 8．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“The lenses are set in frames containing a distance meter on the bridge, which measures the distance from the wearer`s face to objects. The meter then sends a signal to adjust the diopters of the lenses. This adjustment can happen quickly, letting the user focus from one object to another clearly and accurately in 14 milliseconds.”（镜片安装在镜框中，镜架上有一个距离计，可以测量佩戴者脸部到物体的距离。然后仪表发送一个信号来调整镜片的屈光度。这种调整可以快速发生，让用户在14毫秒内清晰准确地从一个物体聚焦到另一个物体。）可知，这一段主要告诉我们镜头的工作原理。故选B项。 9．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“At $849 per pair, 32°N glasses are not cheap, but they do relieve you of the need to carry two pairs of eyeglasses with you.”（32°N眼镜每副售价849美元，并不便宜，但它确实让你不必随身携带两副眼镜。）以及“No more changing between reading and distance glasses, as after adjusting the liquid crystal lenses to your needs, all you have to do is a slide on the right frame to change their focus between close and far distances.”（无需在阅读眼镜和远距离眼镜之间切换，因为根据您的需要调整液晶镜片后，您所要做的就是在右侧镜框上滑动，以在近距离和远距离之间改变其焦点。）可知，眼镜的价格不菲，但它们让你不用携带两副眼镜，因为它能够实现阅读眼镜和远距离眼镜之间的切换，即有多项功能。故选B项。 10．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“These adaptive sunglasses are a giant step forward, ridding the need for single-use lenses.”（这些自适应太阳镜是向前迈出的一大步，不再需要一次性镜片。）可知，这些自适应太阳镜是向前迈出的一大步，消除了对一次性镜片的需要，即32°N眼镜是“眼镜行业的一大突破”。故选D项。 11．推理判断题。通读全文，主要介绍了一种由Deep Optics公司使用像素化液晶(PLC)镜片开发的32°N自适应眼镜。这种眼镜既可以作为保护眼镜使用，也可以作为可调节的阅读眼镜。这是一种科技产品，因此文章可能出现在网站中科学相关的部分。故选C项。 Passage 02 （浙江省杭州市2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）Harishchandra has spent decades of his life caring for the poor community. His son Prashant Sude, who has now taken over the operations of NGO, is following in his father’s footsteps, working to help people with disabilities. “What we did at first was train them in recycling (回收) old clothes into mats (垫子) . The throwing away of old clothes is a significant issue, causing environmental harm. At our hand-me-down centre, we recycle these clothes into mats, providing a long-lasting solution to this problem. In doing so, they not only earn a living but also contribute to addressing the environmental challenges related to non-biodegradable waste,” he says. However, with changing times, Prashant realized that this training might not be a very smart job with good pay after a few years. “In 2010, we started giving massage (按摩) training to blind people. Massage is an excellent job opportunity for sight challenged individuals because they have sharp sensory abilities. The training methods are simple yet effective, allowing both less-educated and well-educated individuals to learn massage scientifically. Through our course, students learn various massage techniques practically. As a result, they become experts in the field. Once they are trained, they can return to their native village or stay at the centre and earn at least Rs 500 per massage.” In 2021, the NGO came up with another branch of training. “We teach them various digital skills such as graphic design, video editing, and social media management. These skills are particularly suitable for those with locomotor disabilities. They use the labs at the NGO to practise their skill, do their work without having to move a lot and focus their energy more on creative thinking,” he adds. While Prashant and Harishchandra along with many volunteers have helped hundreds of people, Prashant now wishes to expand the model throughout Maharashtra. “The blind in our country are treated as second-class citizens. With Swadhaar, we are aiming to reduce this gap by presenting them with the right opportunities. We want to help them become independent, and live the life they should have,” says Prashant. 24．Compared to the recycling project, the massage training program is ________. A．more challenging B．more rewarding C．less scientific D．less practical 25．How did the NGO help the disabled? A．By offering them different jobs. B．By developing their social skills. C．By changing their working conditions. D．By giving them training in different areas. 26．What does the underlined phrase “locomotor disabilities” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Inability to hear. B．Failure to focus. C．Difficulty in moving. D．Lack of creativity. 27．What does the story mainly tell us? A．Every dog has its day. B．Many hands make light work. C．Two heads are better than one. D．Teach a man to fish, and you feed him for a lifetime. 【答案】24．B 25．D 26．C 27．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Prashant Sude接管了父亲的慈善组织，通过给残疾人培训技术，帮助他们谋生。 24．细节理解题。根据第三段“However, with changing times, Prashant realized that this training might not be a very smart job with good pay after a few years.(然而，随着时代的变化，普拉桑特意识到，几年后，这种培训可能不是一份薪水很高的聪明工作)”以及第四段“The training methods are simple yet effective, allowing both less- educated and well-educated individuals to learn massage scientifically. Through our course, students learn various massage techniques practically. As a result, they become experts in the field. Once they are trained, they can return to their native village or stay at the centre and earn at least Rs 500 per massage.(训练方法简单而有效，使受过良好教育和教育程度较低的人都能科学地学习按摩。通过我们的课程，学生实际学习各种按摩技术。因此，他们成为该领域的专家。一旦接受培训，她们就可以回到家乡或留在中心，每次按摩至少能赚500卢比)”可知，与回收项目相比，按摩培训项目是更有回报的。故选B。 25．细节理解题。根据第四段“Through our course, students learn various massage techniques practically. As a result, they become experts in the field.(通过我们的课程，学生实际学习各种按摩技术。因此，他们成为该领域的专家)”可知，NGO给残疾人不同领域的培训来帮助残疾人。故选D。 26．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“They use the labs at the NGO to practise their skill, do their work without having to move a lot and focus their energy more on creative thinking(他们利用非政府组织的实验室来练习技能，不用经常走动就能完成工作，把精力更多地放在创造性思维上)”可知，这些技能不需要经常走动就能完成，说明针对的是移动有困难的残疾人。故划线词意思是“移动困难”。故选C。 27．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The training methods are simple yet effective, allowing both less- educated and well-educated individuals to learn massage scientifically. Through our course, students learn various massage techniques practically. As a result, they become experts in the field. Once they are trained, they can return to their native village or stay at the centre and earn at least Rs 500 per massage.(训练方法简单而有效，使受过良好教育和教育程度较低的人都能科学地学习按摩。通过我们的课程，学生实际学习各种按摩技术。因此，他们成为该领域的专家。一旦接受培训，她们就可以回到家乡或留在中心，每次按摩至少能赚500卢比)”结合文章主要说明了Prashant Sude接管了父亲的慈善组织，通过给残疾人培训技术，帮助他们谋生。可知，这个故事主要告诉我们授人以鱼不如授人以渔。故选D。 Passage 03 （湖南省怀化市2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）Doctors have transplanted a pig kidney (肾) into a 62-year-oldman living with end-stage kidney disease. The patient Richard Slayman, was recovering well and was expected to be discharged from the hospital within days. Strictly speaking, this isn’t the first ever pig-to-human kidney transplant. The procedure has been performed five times in the past, all in people who were declared brain-dead and kept on life support. The most recent of those took place in July 2023 by Robert Montgomery at NYU Langone Health and his workmates. However, Slayman’s operation is the first time that a pig kidney has been transplanted into a living human. Thanks to the efforts by thousands of scientists and physicians over several decades the operation is a great success, which makes it a significant milestone in the field of the transfer of animal organs to humans. Slayman has type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and kidney disease. He had previously received a human kidney from a donor in December 2018. However, the organs showed signs of failure about five years later. He started dialysis (透析) in May last year, but experienced complications, requiring visits to the hospital every two weeks. The organ was provided by a company called e Genesis, which raises pigs genetically engineered to carry certain human genes and to lack a particular set of pig genes that are harmful to humans. These genetic changes reduce the possibility of transplant rejection, when the immune system attacks the organ and causes it to fail. Slayman is also receiving a cocktail of immune-suppressing drugs to further lower the risk. So far, there is no sign of rejection and Slayman is able to walk on his own. More than 100,000 people in the US are waiting for an organ transplant, 17 of whom die each day. The US Food and Drug Administration authorized the experimental transplant for Slayman due to a lack of other treatment choices. “Our hope is that this transplant approach will offer a lifeline to millions of patients worldwide who are suffering from kidney failure.” said Tatsuo Kawai at Massachusetts General Hospital in a statement. 12．Why is the pig kidney transplant considered a milestone? A．No animal-to-human organ transplant has been done before. B．It is the result of many scientists and physicians’ joint efforts. C．It is the first successful pig kidney transplant into a human. D．It has been performed in people who are declared brain-dead. 13．What can we know from the passage? A．Slayman has received kidney transplant only once. B．Pigs used for transplant carry no human genes. C．Many people in need of organ transplant. D．Slayman needn’t take any drugs after the transplant. 14．What is Tatsuo Kawai’s attitude towards pig kidney transplant? A．Optimistic. B．Doubtful. C．Critical D．Uninterested 15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Why is Kidney Transplant Important B．Human Receives Pig Kidney C．The Future of Kidney Transplant D．A Milestone in Human History 【答案】12．C 13．C 14．A 15．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了美国第一例猪肾移植取得成功，被认为是一个里程碑。文章介绍此次移植的一些背景知识。 12．细节理解题。根据第二段“Strictly speaking, this isn’t the first ever pig-to-human kidney transplant. The procedure has been performed five times in the past, all in people who were declared brain-dead and kept on life support. (严格来说，这并不是首例猪到人的肾脏移植手术。这种手术在过去已经进行了五次，所有的病人都被宣布脑死亡，并继续维持生命)”以及“Thanks to the efforts by thousands of scientists and physicians over several decades the operation is a great success, which makes it a significant milestone in the field of the transfer of animal organs to humans.(经过数千名科学家和医生几十年的努力，这次手术取得了巨大成功，成为动物器官移植领域的一个重要里程碑)”可知，猪肾移植被认为是一个里程碑因为这是第一次成功的猪肾移植到人身上。故选C。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段“More than 100,000 people in the US are waiting for an organ transplant, 17 of whom die each day.(美国有超过10万人在等待器官移植，其中每天有17人死亡)”可知，许多人需要器官移植。故选C。 14．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Our hope is that this transplant approach will offer a lifeline to millions of patients worldwide who are suffering from kidney failure.” said Tatsuo Kawai at Massachusetts General Hospital in a statement.(“我们希望这种移植方法将为全世界数百万患有肾衰竭的患者提供一条生命线。”马萨诸塞州总医院的Tatsuo Kawai在一份声明中说)”可知，Tatsuo Kawai对猪肾移植的态度是乐观。故选A。 15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Doctors have transplanted a pig kidney (肾) into a 62-year-oldman living with end-stage kidney disease. The patient Richard Slayman, was recovering well and was expected to be discharged from the hospital within days.(医生将猪肾脏移植到一名62岁的终末期肾病患者体内。病人理查德·斯雷曼恢复良好，预计几天内就能出院)”结合文章主要说明了美国第一例猪肾移植取得成功，被认为是一个里程碑。文章介绍此次移植的一些背景知识。可知，B选项“人接受猪肾”最符合文章标题。故选B。 Passage 04 （安徽省马鞍山市2023~2024学年高一下学期期末）Every year, hundreds of international students travel thousands of miles to study hard in China, leaving their homes and native languages behind. As some of them devote themselves to Chinese language study at Tongji University in Shanghai, one unique task helps them bridge the miles that lie in between — writing a letter home in Chinese. The letter- home activity has become an annual tradition in Tongji’s pre-university Chinese program. After months of studying vocabulary, grammar, and composition, students from all over the world are tasked with writing a letter to their families, entirely in Chinese. “At first, this activity was operated in a few classes. But when other students saw the letters on show, they began to write home letters on their own,” explained Zong Qian, director of the International School of the university. As the letters started coming in, the teachers were impressed and touched by the students’ efforts to express emotions across cultures. “We realized that these letters offered a special window into the students’ experiences and growth in China,” said Zong. “The letters were very moving to read.” Chipo Bard Shanzuwa Chintu from Zambia wrote about her adjustment to life in Shanghai: “I think Shanghai is beautiful and safe. Learning to write Chinese characters is very challenging but rewarding.” Neth Chanranuth from Cambodia described his progress after settling in: “Time flies and my Chinese language ability has improved a lot. I’ve gradually adapted to life in China.” For the students, letters are a more special way of communication. Once they are received, that physical paper held in hands becomes a lasting memory one can revisit again and again. 8．What unique task are the international students asked to do at Tongji University? A．Learn Chinese vocabulary. B．Study grammar and composition. C．Write a letter home in Chinese. D．Join in the pre- university program. 9．What can we infer about the letter-home activity? A．It took some efforts to get promoted. B．It was run in all the classes at first. C．It offered students a common way to communicate. D．It contributed little to international students’ growth. 10．What did Zong Qian say about the students’ letters? A．They showed little effort. B．They were difficult to read. C．They were very touching. D．They lacked cultural expressions. 11．How did Neth Chanranuth feel about his study in Chinese? A．Disappointed. B．Satisfied. C．Worried. D．Surprised. 【答案】8．C 9．A 10．C 11．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了同济大学要求国际学生用中文给家里写封信，列举了一些人对此活动的看法。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段“As some of them devote themselves to Chinese language study at Tongji University in Shanghai, one unique task helps them bridge the miles that lie in between — writing a letter home in Chinese.(当他们中的一些人在上海同济大学致力于汉语学习时，一项独特的任务帮助他们跨越了这条鸿沟——用中文给家里写信)”可知，同济大学要求国际学生用中文给家里写封信。故选C。 9．推理判断题。根据第三段““At first, this activity was operated in a few classes. But when other students saw the letters on show, they began to write home letters on their own,” explained Zong Qian, director of the International School of the university.(“起初，这个活动是在几个班级进行的。但当其他学生看到展出的信件时，他们开始自己写家信，”该校国际学院院长宗倩解释说)”可知，写信回家的活动花费了一些努力才得到发扬。故选A。 10．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“As the letters started coming in, the teachers were impressed and touched by the students’ efforts to express emotions across cultures. “We realized that these letters offered a special window into the students’ experiences and growth in China,” said Zong. “The letters were very moving to read.”(随着信件陆续寄来，老师们被学生们跨文化表达情感的努力打动了。宗说：“我们意识到，这些信件为学生们在中国的经历和成长提供了一个特殊的窗口。”“这些信读起来非常感人。”)”可知，宗倩认为学生们的来信非常感人。故选C。 11．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Neth Chanranuth from Cambodia described his progress after settling in: “Time flies and my Chinese language ability has improved a lot. I’ve gradually adapted to life in China.”(来自柬埔寨的Neth Chanranuth描述了他在定居后的进步：“时光飞逝，我的中文能力有了很大的提高。我已经逐渐适应了中国的生活。”)”可知，Neth Chanranuth对他的中文学习感到满意。故选B。 Passage 05 （重庆市西南大学附中2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）Overcoming learning disabilities has long been a challenge for educators and students alike. However, recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technology have shown promise in revolutionizing the way we approach education for students with learning disabilities. One of the most significant ways AI can assist is through the use of adaptive learning systems. These systems use algorithms (算法) to analyze a student’s performance and adjust the learning content and pace accordingly. This personalized approach allows them to progress at their own pace, without feeling overwhelmed or left behind. Furthermore, adaptive learning systems can identify areas where a student may be struggling and provide targeted support. Another way AI can support them is through natural language processing (NLP) technology. NLP enables computers to understand and interpret human language, allowing AI-powered tools to provide real-time feedback on a student’s written work. This can be particularly beneficial for students with dyslexia, who often struggle with spelling, grammar, and sentence structure. By providing immediate feedback, students can identify and correct their mistakes, leading to improved writing skills and increased confidence. AI can also play a role in developing their social and emotional skills. Many students with learning disabilities experience social isolation. AI-powered social robots can recognize and respond to human emotions, allowing students to engage in interactive conversations and activities that help develop their social and emotional intelligence. While the potential benefits of AI in education are clear, it is essential to recognize AI isn’t a one-size-fits-all solution. Educators must carefully consider the moral implications of using AI in the classroom and ensure these tools are used responsibly and with the best interests of the students in mind. Moreover, it is crucial to remember AI shouldn’t replace human educators but rather serve as a tool to enhance and support their efforts. Teachers play a vital role by providing empathy, understanding, and guidance that cannot be reproduced by a machine. By combining the power of AI with the skills and compassion of human educators, we can create a more inclusive and effective educational environment for all students. 8．How can adaptive systems help students with learning disabilities? A．By adjusting their learning methods. B．By analyzing their learning abilities. C．By satisfying their curiosity in learning. D．By offering personalized learning assistance. 9．What does the underlined word “dyslexia” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．A mental illness affecting human intelligence. B．A brain disease leading to lack of confidence in study. C．A language-related skill applied in the learning process. D．A learning disorder involving difficulty in reading and writing. 10．What is the value of AI-powered social robots? A．Engaging students in learning activities. B．Narrowing the social distance between people. C．Assisting learners to overcome social isolation. D．Helping learners adopt effective reading strategies. 11．What does the author say about AI in the last paragraph? A．It can’t provide understanding like human educators. B．It can’t create an inclusive learning environment. C．It can meet a wide range of learning needs. D．It can guarantee learners’ data security. 【答案】8．D 9．D 10．C 11．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能在帮助学生克服学习障碍方面以及提高社交和情感技能方面可以发挥的作用。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段“These systems use algorithms (算法) to analyze a student’s performance and adjust the learning content and pace accordingly. This personalized approach allows them to progress at their own pace, without feeling overwhelmed or left behind. Furthermore, adaptive learning systems can identify areas where a student may be struggling and provide targeted support.(这些系统使用算法来分析学生的表现，并相应地调整学习内容和节奏。这种个性化的方法可以让他们按照自己的节奏进步，而不会感到不知所措或落后。此外，适应性学习系统可以识别学生可能挣扎的领域，并提供有针对性的支持)”可知，适应性系统通过提供个性化的学习帮助有学习障碍的学生。故选D。 9．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“who often struggle with spelling, grammar, and sentence structure”可知，who引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词students with dyslexia，说明患有dyslexia的学生经常在拼写、语法和句子结构上挣扎，即存在包括读写困难的学习障碍。故划线词意思是“一种包括读写困难的学习障碍”。故选D。 10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“AI-powered social robots can recognize and respond to human emotions, allowing students to engage in interactive conversations and activities that help develop their social and emotional intelligence.(人工智能社交机器人可以识别并回应人类的情绪，让学生参与互动对话和活动，帮助发展他们的社交和情商)”可知，人工智能社交机器人的价值是帮助学习者克服社会孤立。故选C。 11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Moreover, it is crucial to remember AI shouldn’t replace human educators but rather serve as a tool to enhance and support their efforts. Teachers play a vital role by providing empathy, understanding, and guidance that cannot be reproduced by a machine.(此外，重要的是要记住，人工智能不应该取代人类教育工作者，而应该作为一种工具来加强和支持他们的努力。教师通过提供机器无法复制的同理心、理解和指导，发挥着至关重要的作用)”可知，人工智能不能像人类教育者那样提供理解。故选A。 Passage 06 （广东省深圳实验学校高中部2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）Josefa Marin went to New York from Mexico in 1987, supporting her daughter back home with the $140 a week she earned at a sweater factory. With that small income, she had to collect recyclables, trading in cans for five cents each. When the clothing factory closed down in the late 2000s, she became a full-time recycler, picking up cans and bottles to make ends meet. Marin’s story is not unique. Millions around the world make a living from picking through waste and reselling it — a vital role that keeps waste manageable. In New York City, the administrative department collects only about 28 percent of the cans that could be recycled. Rubbish collectors keep millions of additional recyclables out of landfills every year. Yet collectors are ruled out by government policies. The United States Supreme Court in 1988 stated that household garbage is public property once it’s on the street. That enables police to search rubbish for evidence, but that protection hasn’t always been extended to recyclers. And in places like New York City, which is testing city-owned locked containers to hide garbage from rats, containers are made clearly inaccessible for collectors. “There’s value in the waste, and we feel that value should belong to the people, not the city or the corporations”, says Ryan Castalia, director of a nonprofit recycling and community center in Brooklyn. Recognized or not, waste pickers have long been treated with disrespect. Marin recalls an occasion when someone living next to a building where she was collecting cans threw water at her. “Because I recycle it doesn’t mean I am less of a person than anyone else,” she says. Some governments are starting to realize that protecting the environment and humanity go hand in hand. The United Nation’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, for example, calls for an end to poverty and all the risks it brings. 34．What is the author’s purpose of telling about Marin? A．To highlight waste collectors’ role. B．To reflect laid-off workers’ hardship. C．To praise her devotion to her daughter. D．To show the seriousness of unemployment. 35．How does the author show the importance of waste pickers’ work? A．By contrasting. B．By citing reference. C．By giving definitions. D．By cause-effect analysis. 36．What would Marin agree with? A．Business is business. B．No job is noble or humble. C．The early bird catches worms. D．One good turn deserves another. 37．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Legal Battles Over Public Garbage Ownership B．The History of Recycling Laws in the United States C．The Rise of Corporate Recycling Programs in New York D．The Struggles and Contributions of New York’s Recyclers 【答案】34．A 35．A 36．B 37．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过马林的故事讲述了拾荒者对于垃圾回收利用所起到的作用，以及他们面临的难题。 34．推理判断题。根据第一、二段马林的故事和第三段“Marin’s story is not unique. Millions around the world make a living from picking through waste and reselling it – a vital role that keeps waste manageable. In New York City, the administrative department collects only about 28 percent of the cans that could be recycled. Rubbish collectors keep millions of additional recyclables out of landfills every year. (马林的故事并非个例。世界各地有数百万人通过捡垃圾和转售来谋生——这是保持垃圾可管理的重要角色。在纽约市，管理部门只收集了28%可以回收的易拉罐。垃圾收集者每年从垃圾填埋场中取出数百万件可回收物品。)”可以推论出，作者讲述马林的故事目的是突出拾荒者的作用。故选A项。 35．推理判断题。根据第三段的句子“In New York City, the administrative department collects only about 28 percent of the cans that could be recycled. Rubbish collectors keep millions of additional recyclables out of landfills every year. (在纽约市，管理部门只收集了28%可以回收的易拉罐。垃圾收集者每年从垃圾填埋场中取出数百万件可回收物品。)”可知，作者是通过对比来说明垃圾收集者的重要性。故选A项。 36．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Recognized or not, waste pickers have long been treated with disrespect. Marin recalls an occasion when someone living next to a building where she was collecting cans threw water at her. “Because I recycle it doesn’t mean I am less of a person than anyone else,” she says. (不管承认与否，拾荒者长期以来一直受到不尊重。马林回忆说，有一次，她正在收集易拉罐，隔壁的人向她泼水。她说:“因为我回收利用，并不意味着我比其他人更不像一个人。”)”可知，马林认为工作没有高低贵贱之分。故选B项。 37．主旨大意题。根据第一、二段马林的故事和第三段“Marin’s story is not unique. Millions around the world make a living from picking through waste and reselling it – a vital role that keeps waste manageable. In New York City, the administrative department collects only about 28 percent of the cans that could be recycled. Rubbish collectors keep millions of additional recyclables out of landfills every year. (马林的故事并非个例。世界各地有数百万人通过捡垃圾和转售来谋生——这是保持垃圾可管理的重要角色。在纽约市，管理部门只收集了28%可以回收的易拉罐。垃圾收集者每年从垃圾填埋场中取出数百万件可回收物品。)”可知，本文主要通过马林的故事讲述了拾荒者对于垃圾回收利用所起到的作用，以及他们面临的难题。所以，用D项“The Struggles and Contributions of New York’s Recyclers”作为本文的题目，与文章主题相符合。故选D项。 Passage 07 （重庆市巴蜀中学校2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末）Each spring, scientists hide more than 1,600 lunchbox-size recorders across the lush forests of the Sierra Nevada range in the western U. S. These devices record a million hours of audio, which often contains various sounds of the California spotted owl — valuable information about where the endangered species spends its time. But it's a lot of recordings for a human to examine. “There’s no way we can listen to that — not even close, right?” says Connor Wood, a research associate who co-leads the project, part of the Cornell Lab, New York. It turns out this team actually can process this enormous amount of data — they just need a little help from BirdNET, an AI-powered system launched in 2018 that can identify more than 6,000 species of birds across the globe just by their calls. The BirdNET app allows people across the world to upload their own recordings from a variety of devices, including laptops and smartphones. Since its launch, BirdNET has amassed roughly 150 million high-quality bird sounds. Over the past decade, several apps have popped up (涌现) that take advantage of the power of artificial intelligence to identify different avian (鸟类的) sounds, which are used by scientists and birders alike. However, these tools have their faults: They can sometimes misidentify species, for instance. But more research is showing that AI can identify bird behaviors and distribution, which is critical for conservation. With funding from the U. S. Forest Service and National Park Service, Wood and his team recently used BirdNET to create the first ecosystem-wide assessment of spotted owl populations across the Sierra Nevada, which increasingly face threats from invasive species or wildfires. This information shows owl population trends that can boost restoration and conservation efforts, he says. “Agencies are not just buying into this as a monitoring tool for telling them about populations, but to really specifically promote on-the-ground action, which is pretty exciting,” Wood says. 12．How can BirdNET assist researchers? A．It can classify the birds with accuracy. B．It can make various sounds of birds. C．It can analyze the features of birds. D．It can help protect endangered birds. 13．What is an obvious advantage BirdNET has over human researchers? A．Creating new ideas. B．Making wise decisions. C．Providing personalized advice. D．Processing data with efficiency. 14．What is Wood’s attitude towards BirdNET? A．Objective. B．Concerned. C．Supportive. D．Critical. 15．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．BirdNET: a Pioneer in Birds Conservation B．How AI is Helping Scientists Protect Birds C．BirdNET: a New App to Identify Species D．How AI Can Help Analyze Bird Behaviors 【答案】12．D 13．D 14．C 15．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，本文介绍了以Bird NET为代表的AI如何帮助科学家们更好地保护鸟类。 12．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“These devices record a million hours of audio, which often contains various sounds of the California spotted owl — valuable information about where the endangered species spends its time.(这些设备记录了100万小时的音频，其中经常包含加利福尼亚斑点猫头鹰的各种声音——关于濒危物种在哪里度过时间的宝贵信息)”以及第四段的内容“It turns out this team actually can process this enormous amount of data — they just need a little help from BirdNET, an AI-powered system launched in 2018 that can identify more than6,000 species of birds across the globe just by their calls.(事实证明，这个团队实际上可以处理这么大量的数据——他们只需要BirdNET的一点帮助，这是一个2018年推出的人工智能系统，可以通过它们的叫声识别全球6000多种鸟类)”可知，BirdNET 可以帮助研究人员识别鸟类的声音，获取濒危鸟类的位置信息，进而帮助保护鸟类。故选D。 13．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“It turns out this team actually can process this enormous amount of data — they just need a little help from BirdNET, an AI-powered system launched in 2018 that can identify more than6,000 species of birds across the globe just by their calls.(事实证明，这个团队实际上可以处理这么大量的数据——他们只需要BirdNET的一点帮助，这是一个2018年推出的人工智能系统，可以通过它们的叫声识别全球6000多种鸟类)”可知，BirdNET比人类研究人员更明显的一个优势是它能够高效地处理数据。故选D。 14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘Agencies are not just buying into this as a monitoring tool for telling them about populations, but to really specifically promote on-the-ground action, which is pretty exciting,’ Wood says.(‘各机构不只是把它作为一种监测工具来告诉他们人口情况，而是真正具体地促进实地行动，这是非常令人兴奋的。’Wood说)”可知，Wood对BirdNET持支持的态度。故选C。 15．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第五段“Over the past decade, several apps have popped up (涌现) that take advantage of the power of artificial intelligence to identify different avian (鸟类的) sounds, which are used by scientists and birders alike.(在过去的十年里，已经出现了一些应用程序，它们利用人工智能的力量来识别不同的鸟类的声音，科学家和观鸟者都在使用这些应用程序)”可知，本文主要介绍了人工智能如何帮助科学家保护鸟类，B项“人工智能如何帮助科学家保护鸟类”为最佳标题。BirdNET只是其中最具代表性的一个APP，文章还提到了其他的AI且文章也没有提到 BirdNET是pioneer，所以不选A。故选B。 Passage 08 （云南省昭通一中教研联盟2022-2023学年高一下学期期末）While rice and wheat are the two most commonly consumed cereal grains worldwide, a study covering more than 100,000 people in Northwest China has shown that choosing rice as a staple food may result in a lower risk of obesity. Researchers from Xi’ an Jiaotong University collected data from participants aged 35 to 74 who are residents of five northwestern provincial-level regions — Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai provinces, the Ningxia Hui autonomous region and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. The participants responded to questionnaires via face-to-face interviews, providing information about their medical history and lifestyle, such as alcohol consumption, smoking, dietary status and physical activity. The researchers divided the participants into three groups according to their weekly rice and wheat intake. The first group eats rice as their staple food, consuming it either daily or four to six times per week, while consuming wheat less than four to six times per week. The second group’s staple food is wheat, and the third group consumes both rice and wheat as their staple food, with similar frequency. The results show that rice preference may be associated with a lower risk of certain obesity types in the population of Northwest China. According to the researchers, wheat flour absorbs less water than rice when cooked, partly resulting in a higher energy density (密度) of wheat than rice. According to the sixth edition (2020) of the Chinese Food Composition Table, the energy content of noodles or steamed bread is twice or three times that of cooked rice of the same weight. Meanwhile, rice-based dietary patterns often have more fresh vegetables, legumes, meat and fish servings. People with wheat preference in Northwest China tend to eat large bowls of noodles with fewer vegetables or less meat, and sometimes even with a large amount of oil. For instance, the gist of “hot oil noodles” in Shaanxi province is pouring a couple of spoons of hot oil over a bowl of chewy noodles seasoned with salt, raw garlic and chili flakes. They also noted that given the large area and diverse ethnic groups living in Northwest China, further studies may be necessary to fully understand the regional specificity and the potential underlying reasons for the observed connections. 32．What is the study mainly about? A．Eating habits. B．Food safety. C．Overweight persons. D．Weight control. 33．How did the researchers make their study findings? A．By studying participants’ living conditions. B．By making participants perform some tasks. C．By measuring participants weight at different times. D．By interviewing participants about their information. 34．Why do wheat lovers have a higher risk of obesity according to the study? A．They tend to eat more food with more meat and oil. B．Wheat flour absorbs more water than rice to create more energy. C．The energy of cooked wheat is twice or three times that of cooked rice of the same weight. D．They prefer to eat noodles seasoned with salt. 35．What will the researchers try to do next? A．Help some people lose weight. B．Explore new ways to lower risk of obesity. C．Demand people to change their eating habits. D．Figure out further connections between diet and weight. 【答案】32．A 33．D 34．C 35．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发了饮食习惯与肥胖的关系，解释研究开展的经过以及发现。 32．细节理解题。根据第一段“While rice and wheat are the two most commonly consumed cereal grains worldwide, a study covering more than 100,000 people in Northwest China has shown that choosing rice as a staple food may result in a lower risk of obesity.(虽然大米和小麦是世界上最常食用的两种谷物，但一项覆盖中国西北地区10万多人的研究表明，选择大米作为主食可能会降低肥胖的风险)”以及第二段“Researchers from Xi’ an Jiaotong University collected data from participants aged 35 to 74 who are residents of five northwestern provincial-level regions — Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai provinces, the Ningxia Hui autonomous region and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. The participants responded to questionnaires via face-to-face interviews, providing information about their medical history and lifestyle, such as alcohol consumption, smoking, dietary status and physical activity.(西安交通大学的研究人员收集了来自西北五个省级地区（陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏回族自治区和新疆维吾尔自治区）的35岁至74岁的参与者的数据。参与者通过面对面的访谈回答问卷，提供有关他们的病史和生活方式的信息，如饮酒、吸烟、饮食状况和体育活动)”即这项研究的主要内容是饮食习惯。故选A。 33．细节理解题。根据第二段“The participants responded to questionnaires via face-to-face interviews, providing information about their medical history and lifestyle, such as alcohol consumption, smoking, dietary status and physical activity.(参与者通过面对面的访谈回答问卷，提供有关他们的病史和生活方式的信息，如饮酒、吸烟、饮食状况和体育活动)”可知，参与研究的人们通过的对面访谈回答问卷，提供个人相关的信息，故选D。 34．细节理解题。根据第四段“According to the researchers, wheat flour absorbs less water than rice when cooked, partly resulting in a higher energy density (密度) of wheat than rice. According to the sixth edition (2020) of the Chinese Food Composition Table, the energy content of noodles or steamed bread is twice or three times that of cooked rice of the same weight.(根据研究人员的说法，小麦粉在烹饪时吸收的水分比大米少，部分原因是小麦的能量密度比大米高。根据第六版（2020年）《中国食品成分表》，面条或馒头的能量含量是同等重量的米饭的两到三倍)”可知，爱吃小麦的人肥胖的风险更高是因为煮熟的小麦的能量是同样重量的煮熟的大米的两到三倍。故选C。 35．推理判断题。根据最后一段“They also noted that given the large area and diverse ethnic groups living in Northwest China, further studies may be necessary to fully understand the regional specificity and the potential underlying reasons for the observed connections.(他们还指出，鉴于中国西北地区面积大，民族多样，可能需要进一步研究以充分了解所观察到的联系的区域特殊性和潜在原因)”可知，研究者将进行更多研究探索地区特殊性和其他潜在的原因，故选D。 Passage 09 （新疆兵团地州学校2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）In the summer of 2022, several researchers with USDA Wildlife Services held their breath as a drone (无人机) pilot flew a large drone, equipped with a camera, toward a wolf standing in grassland in southwestern Oregon. The team members, watching from a distance, expected the wolf to stop or run away the minute the robot approached it. But to their disbelief, it did neither. Instead, the wolf wagged (摆动) its tail, reached out its front legs, lowered its head — a classic invitation to play and exactly the opposite of the response the researchers were hoping for. The project, led by Paul Wolf, the Southwest Oregon District’s supervisor for Wildlife Services, was designed to find ways to use drones to scare wolves away from livestock (牲畜), not give the animals a new toy. Later that night, the researchers tried again. This time they equipped the drone with a speaker that broadcast human voices. The wolf took off running. For the rest of the summer and fall, the field staff focused on using drones to discourage wolves from approaching cattle, in one case using a speaker-equipped drone for an ongoing attack. The three wolves fled, and the wounded deer survived. “We know for sure that we saved at least one animal doing this,” says Dustin Ranglack, the Predator Ecology and Behavior Project leader for Wildlife Services’ National Wildlife Research Center. Ranglack and other researchers hope drones will help keep the peace between predators (捕食性动物) and livestock. “Early exploration is your best way before something bad occurs,” says Jared Beaver, an assistant professor and a wildlife-management specialist at Montana State University, “before livestock get killed or before a wildlife species gets in trouble and has to be killed as well.” But drones still face difficulties in wide application. “We’re all strongly aware of the limitations of this tool,” Ranglack says. “Drones with speakers such as the ones tested by Wildlife Services can cost $ 20,000 or more.” 12．How did the wolf react to the drone at first? A．The wolf stood still. B．The wolf could treat the drone as a toy. C．The wolf immediately ran away. D．The wolf could be frightened of the drone. 13．Why was the project carried out? A．To explore the dangers wolves faced. B．To study the habits of wolves by using drones. C．To keep wolves from hurting livestock by using drones. D．To find out the ways to use drones in environmental protection. 14．What is Beaver’s attitude to the project? A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. D．Puzzled. 15．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Wolves: a Possible Threat to Livestock B．Drones: a Role to Play in Protecting Livestock C．Technology: an Effective Way to Help Farmers D．Dustin Ranglack: a Specialist in Grassland Research 【答案】12．B 13．C 14．C 15．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，研究发现，无人机可用于赶走狼，保护牲畜。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Instead, the wolf wagged (摆动) its tail, reached out its front legs, lowered its head — a classic invitation to play and exactly the opposite of the response the researchers were hoping for.(相反，狼摇了摇尾巴，伸出前腿，低下头——这是一个经典的邀请，与研究人员所希望的反应完全相反)”可知，这只狼把无人机当成了一个玩具，故选B。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段“The project, led by Paul Wolf, the Southwest Oregon District’s supervisor for Wildlife Services, was designed to find ways to use drones to scare wolves away from livestock (牲畜), not give the animals a new toy.(该项目由俄勒冈西南地区野生动物服务主管Paul Wolf领导，旨在找到使用无人机将狼从牲畜身边吓跑的方法，而不是给动物一个新玩具)”可知，这项研究目的是用无人机把狼从牲畜身边吓跑，不让狼去伤害牲畜，故选C。 14．推理判断题。根据第四段中“‘Early exploration is your best way before something bad occurs,’ says Jared Beaver, an assistant professor and a wildlife-management specialist at Montana State University, ‘before livestock get killed or before a wildlife species gets in trouble and has to be killed as well.’(蒙大拿州立大学的助理教授兼野生动物管理专家Jared Beaver说：‘在糟糕的事情发生之前，在牲畜被杀死之前，或者在野生动物物种陷入困境并不得不被杀死之前，早期的探索是最好的方法。’)”可知，Jared Beaver对这个项目持支持的态度，故选C。 15．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第二段“The project, led by Paul Wolf, the Southwest Oregon District’s supervisor for Wildlife Services, was designed to find ways to use drones to scare wolves away from livestock (牲畜), not give the animals a new toy.(该项目由俄勒冈西南地区野生动物服务主管Paul Wolf领导，旨在找到使用无人机将狼从牲畜身边吓跑的方法，而不是给动物一个新玩具)”和第四段中“Ranglack and other researchers hope drones will help keep the peace between predators (捕食性动物) and livestock. Ranglack和其他研究人员希望无人机能够帮助维持食肉动动物和牲畜之间的和平)”可知，文章主要介绍研究发现，无人机可用于赶走狼，保护牲畜，B项“无人机：在保护牲畜中扮演的角色”为最佳标题，故选B。 Passage 10 （四川省宜宾市2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）Traditionally, filmmaking has been seen as a domain (领域) limited to professional teams led by experienced directors or wealthy individuals. However, with the help of AI- generated content (AIGC), ordinary people are now ab le to produce brilliant films and even receive awards at a film festival. This year, the 14th Beijing International Film Festival (BJIFF) introduced the AIGC Short Film Unit for the first time. From January to April, the committee received 430 films from both domestic and international creators. Impressively,45 percent of the total submissions (提交) were from independent creators, with the youngest being just 11 years old, while professionals accounted for only 10.7 percent. “AIGC is changing the film industry by allowing ordinary people to create films,” stated Wang Lei. Wang Zimin, a 29- year- old journalism major, won the Best Creative Award with his film Illegal Report. In his film, a special group decides whether beings are considered as AI or human to prevent chaos. A significant challenge in AIGC filmmaking is shot continuity because many AIGC applications can only produce random video clips based on users’ order. As a result, characters often appear differently in following scenes. Wang Zimin explained his innovative solution: “To maintain continuity, I used unclear images to make the scenes smooth.” He added, “I dug into AI applications for just two months. AIGC tools are everywhere and user- friendly like Meitu.” According to Song Donghuan, a scriptwriter and founder of StoryStorm, a leading AIGC workshop, “AIGC filmmaking is accessible to everyone, with no barriers related to wealth or technology. The essential requirement is a strong desire to express themselves.” Song also highlighted the transformative impact of AI: “We are fortunate to live in the era of AL Now, the only limit to becoming a director is not the absence of a team, scenes or actors, but rather your own imagination.” 8．What can we know about the AIGC Short Film Unit at the 14th BJIFF? A．Chinese creators contributed to half of the films. B．Only 10.7 percent of the films were well- received. C．Most of the entries were made by non- professionals. D．Individuals age under 18 were disqualified to submit films. 9．What is one problem of using AIGC to make films according to the text? A．Unclear images at certain scenes. B．Lack of continuity between scenes. C．The limited AIGC tools in filmmaking. D．High costs for independent filmmakers. 10．Which is closest in meaning to “transformative” in the last paragraph? A．Short- termed. B．Negative. C．Predictable. D．Ground- breaking. 11．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．The Rise of Independent Filmmakers. B．Wang Zimin: A Rising Star in the Film Industry. C．A Revolutionary Era in Filmmaking: The Role of AI. D．The Development of Beijing International Film Festival. 【答案】8．C 9．B 10．D 11．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了AI（人工智能）在电影制作中的新应用及其对电影行业产生的变革性影响。 8．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Impressively,45 percent of the total submissions (提交) were from independent creators, with the youngest being just 11 years old, while professionals accounted for only 10.7 percent. (令人印象深刻的是，45%的参赛作品来自独立创作者，最年轻的只有11岁，而专业创作者只占10.7%。)”可知，大部分参赛作品是由非专业人士制作的。故选C。 9．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“A significant challenge in AIGC filmmaking is shot continuity because many AIGC applications can only produce random video clips based on users’ order. As a result, characters often appear differently in following scenes. (由于许多AIGC应用程序只能根据用户的顺序生成随机的视频片段，因此AIGC电影制作面临的一个重大挑战是镜头的连续性。因此，在接下来的场景中，角色通常会以不同的方式出现。)”可知，使用AIGC制作电影的一个问题是场景之间缺乏连续性。故选B。   10．词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段“Song also highlighted the transformative impact of AI: “We are fortunate to live in the era of AL Now, the only limit to becoming a director is not the absence of a team, scenes or actors, but rather your own imagination.” (宋还强调了人工智能带来的transformative影响：“我们很幸运生活在人工智能时代。现在，成为导演的唯一限制不是缺少团队、场景或演员，而是你自己的想象力。”)”可知，AI对电影制作的影响是革命性的，即具有开创性的。A. Short- termed短期的；B. Negative否定的；C. Predictable可预测的；D. Ground- breaking开创性的。故选D。 11．主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是最后一段“Song also highlighted the transformative impact of AI: “We are fortunate to live in the era of AL Now, the only limit to becoming a director is not the absence of a team, scenes or actors, but rather your own imagination.” (宋还强调了人工智能带来的开创性的影响：“我们很幸运生活在人工智能时代。现在，成为导演的唯一限制不是缺少团队、场景或演员，而是你自己的想象力。”)”可知，文章主要讲述了AI在电影制作中的革命性作用。故选C。 Passage 11 （陕西省西安市临潼区华清中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）The scientist’s job is to figure out how the world works, to “torture (拷问)” Nature to reveal her secrets, as the 17th century philosopher Francis Bacon described it. But who are these people in the lab coats (or sports jackets, or T-shirts and jeans) and how do they work? It turns out that there is a good deal of mystery surrounding the mystery-solvers. “One of the greatest mysteries is the question of what it is about human beings — brains, education, culture etc. that makes them capable of doing science at all,” said Colin Allen, a cognitive scientist at Indiana University. Two vital ingredients seem to be necessary to make a scientist: the curiosity to seek out mysteries and the creativity to solve them. “Scientists exhibit a heightened level of curiosity,” reads a 2007 report on scientific creativity. “They go further and deeper into basic questions showing a passion for knowledge for its own sake.” Max Planck, one of the fathers of quantum physics, once said, the scientist “must have a vivid and intuitive imagination, for new ideas are not generated by deduction (推论), but by an artistically creative imagination.” But others disagree with this universal scientific mind. They believe that scientists have special abilities that set them apart. Discovering these abilities may be hard, Allen thinks, as many scientists will be reluctant to reveal them and would prefer to preserve the mystery of creativity, fearing that if it became an object of study it would lose its magic. But for Allen, this is all part of a bigger question of what lies behind anyone’s behavior. “We are only just beginning to understand how the characteristics of organisms, including ourselves, aren’t the fixed products of either genes or of environment/culture, but each of us is the product of a continual interactive process in which we help build the environments that in turn shape us,” he said. “As long as our best technology for seeing inside the brain requires subjects to lie nearly motionless while surrounded by a giant magnet, we’re only going to make limited pro gress on these questions,” Allen said. 7．Why does the author mention Max Planck in paragraph 3? A．To introduce a famous scientist. B．To stress the role of creativity in science. C．To compare different views on science. D．To illustrate what is curiosity inscience. 8．What do Allen's words in the last two paragraphs suggest? A．Human behavior is changeable and unpredictable. B．We are passively influenced by our genes and culture. C．Our interaction with the environment makes us who we are. D．Current technology has revealed a lot about human behavior. 9．What is Allen’s attitude to the current study on the human brain? A．Cautious. B．Indifferent. C．Approving. D．Pessimistic. 10．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Who Are The Mystery-solvers B．Scientists Are Not Born But Made C．Great Mystery: What Makes A Scientist D．Solving Mysteries: Inside A Scientist's Mind 【答案】7．B 8．C 9．D 10．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。世界上有众多谜团，但最大的谜团之一就是哪些因素造就了科学家，科学家们具备什么样的特点。文章主要探讨了到底是哪些因素造就了科学家。 7．推理判断题。根据第三段“Two vital ingredients seem to be necessary to make a scientist: the curiosity to seek out mysteries and the creativity to solve them. “Scientists exhibit a heightened level of curiosity,” reads a 2007 report on scientific creativity. “They go further and deeper into basic questions showing a passion for knowledge for its own sake.” Max Planck, one of the fathers of quantum physics, once said, the scientist “must have a vivid and intuitive imagination, for new ideas are not generated by deduction(推论), but by an artistically creative imagination.”(成为一名科学家似乎必须具备两个至关重要的要素：探索奥秘的好奇心和解决奥秘的创造力。2007年一份关于科学创造力的报告写道:“科学家表现出高度的好奇心。”“他们在基本问题上走得更远、更深入，表现出对知识本身的热情。”量子物理学之父之一Max Planck曾经说过，科学家“必须有生动而直观的想象力，因为新的想法不是通过演绎产生的，而是通过艺术创造性的想象力产生的。”)”可推知，作者引用普朗克的话是为了证明科学家需要有丰富的想象力和创造力，因为真正的想法不能靠演绎推理而产生，只能凭借创造力。故选B。 8．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But for Allen, this is all part of a bigger question of what lies behind anyone's behavior. “We are only just beginning to understand how the characteristics of organisms, including ourselves, aren't the fixed products of either genes or of environment/culture, but each of us is the product of a continual interactive process in which we help build the environments that in turn shape us,” he said.(但对艾伦来说，这是一个更大问题的一部分，那就是每个人的行为背后都隐藏着什么。他说：“我们才刚刚开始理解，包括我们自己在内的生物体的特征，不是基因或环境/文化的固定产物，而是我们每个人都是一个持续互动过程的产物，在这个过程中，我们帮助建立环境，而环境反过来又塑造了我们。”)”可知，Allen认为生物体的特征，包括我们人类自己，并不是基因或者环境/文化的固定产物。我们每个个体都是一种持续地和环境相互影响、相互作用的产物。故选C。 9．推理判断题。根据最后一段““As long as our best technology for seeing inside the brain requires subjects to lie nearly motionless while surrounded by a giant magnet, we're only going to make limited pro gress on these questions,” Allen said.(艾伦说：“只要我们最好的观察大脑内部的技术要求受试者躺在一个巨大的磁铁周围几乎不动，我们就只能在这些问题上取得有限的进展。”)”可推知，Allen对目前关于人类大脑的研究的态度是消极的。故选D。 10．主旨大意题。根据第二段““One of the greatest mysteries is the question of what it is about human beings—— brains, education, culture etc.—that makes them capable of doing science at all,” said Colin Allen, a cognitive scientist at Indiana University.(印第安纳大学的认知科学家Colin Allen说：“最大的谜团之一是，人类究竟是什么——大脑、教育、文化等——使他们能够从事科学研究。”)”结合文章主要探讨了到底是哪些因素造就了科学家。C选项“伟大的奥秘:是什么造就了科学家”最符合文章标题。故选C。 Passage 12 （辽宁省葫芦岛市2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）Birds usually build their nests with sticks, leaves or grass. But do you know that birds are also building their nests with rubbish these years? The rubbish includes cigarette butts (烟头) and plastic bags. A group of European scientists looked into about 35,000 studies on bird nests. They found that birds have used man-made things in nests almost everywhere on Earth except Antarctica. Some rubbish seems to be helpful. This is why birds “like” putting it in their nests. For example, cigarette butts have a special smell, so they can keep insects away and protect the baby birds. Plastic bags are useful in keeping the animals warm, and other hard things, such as paper cards, can make nests stronger. However, in the end, human rubbish may only bring more harm to birds. The toxic chemicals in cigarettes hurt the baby birds. They may get sick or have shorter lives, according to a study. To make matters worse, if the cigarette still burns when the bird brings it back to its home, it may set fire to the nest. Pieces of fishing net may also trap birds, and it’s impossible for them to get out by themselves. If the baby birds eat other kinds of rubbish by accident, they will also get hurt. Our bird friends in the air are feeling the bad effects of humans polluting the environment. 8．What did the European scientists find? A．There is rubbish in the nests of many birds. B．Some people help birds build their nests. C．There is almost no bird living in Antarctica. D．Birds can help pick up rubbish. 9．What does the underlined word “toxic” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Smelly. B．Beneficial. C．Poisonous. D．Splendid. 10．How can cigarette butts “help” birds? A．They can burn other harmful rubbish. B．They can make nests stronger. C．They can keep birds warm. D．They can keep insects away. 11．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The harmful activities that humans have done to the environment. B．The harm that the environment brings to the wild animals. C．The reason why birds like using rubbish to build their nests. D．Human rubbish may bring more harm to birds. 【答案】8．A 9．C 10．D 11．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对于鸟类在筑巢时使用垃圾这一现象进行了介绍，特别是探讨了鸟类为何会利用像烟头和塑料袋等人造物品筑巢，以及这一行为背后对鸟类产生的正反两面影响。 8．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They found that birds have used man-made things in nests almost everywhere on Earth except Antarctica.”（他们发现除了南极洲之外，几乎地球上所有地方的鸟巢中都有人造物品）可知，欧洲科学家发现许多鸟类的巢穴中有垃圾。故选A项。 9．词义推测题。根据文章第三段“The toxic chemicals in cigarettes hurt the baby birds.”（烟头中的toxic化学物质伤害幼鸟）可知，有毒的化学物质会伤害幼鸟。toxic的意思是“有毒的”，与C项“Poisonous”同义。故选C项。 10．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“For example, cigarette butts have a special smell, so they can keep insects away and protect the baby birds.”（例如，烟头有一种特殊的味道，可以驱赶昆虫，保护幼鸟）可知，烟头可以帮助鸟类是因为它们能驱赶昆虫。故选D项。 11．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“To make matters worse, if the cigarette still burns when the bird brings it back to its home, it may set fire to the nest. Pieces of fishing net may also trap birds, and it’s impossible for them to get out by themselves. If the baby birds eat other kinds of rubbish by accident, they will also get hurt. Our bird friends in the air are feeling the bad effects of humans polluting the environment.”（更糟糕的是，如果烟还在燃烧，当鸟把它带回它的家，它可能会点燃鸟巢。渔网的碎片也可能困住鸟类，它们不可能自己出来。如果幼鸟不小心吃了其他种类的垃圾，它们也会受伤。我们在空中的鸟朋友正在感受人类污染环境的不良影响。）可知，第四段主要关于人类的垃圾可能会给鸟类带来更多的伤害。故选D项。 Passage 13 （江西省部分学校2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）Every time you charge your cell phone, you are benefiting from John Goodenough’s exceptional creativity. After being told that most scientists make their major discoveries long before they hit middle age Goodenough just set off to develop a battery technology that has made our modern life possible. Lithium (锂) batteries had been invented before. But Goodenough’s invention was a new kind of lithium battery that can store enough energy to power all sorts of electronics and is light and small enough to make them portable (便携式的). And, even better, such a battery would charge and recharge in a matter of minutes — all without exploding. Born in Jena, Germany in 1922, Goodenough grew up in the United States and majored in mathematics at Yale University and earned a Ph. D in physics from the University of Chicago. He began his career at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where his research laid the groundwork for development of random-access memory (RAM) for the digital computer. Goodenough was head of the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory at the University of Oxford in England when he made his lithium battery discovery. He joined the Texas University in 1986, and was still teaching and researching battery materials and engineering problems when he won the Nobel Prize in 2019. Trained in mathematics and physics, Goodenough, who eventually becomes a groundbreaking chemist and materials engineer, does not easily fit any existing classification(分类). “I would like the physicists to think I am a physicist, but I’m afraid they think I am a chemist and materials engineer. On the other hand, the chemists and materials engineers think I am a physicist,” he once joked. 4．What can we learn about John Goodenough from the first paragraph? A．He is the first person to invent lithium batteries. B．He made his major discovery at a relatively old age. C．He got a lot of support and help from the project leaders. D．He was considered an exceptionally successful young scientist. 5．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．Goodenough’s research plan. B．A new kind of battery material. C．Goodenough’s improvements. D．The advantages of lithium batteries. 6．Where did John Goodenough make his first lithium battery discovery? A．At the University of Oxford. B．At Yale University. C．At the University of Chicago. D．At the Texas University. 7．What did John Goodenough mean in the last paragraph? A．Majors are very important. B．He was not welcome anywhere. C．He was not a good physicist. D．It is not easy to classify his research. 【答案】4．B 5．C 6．A 7．D 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由John Goodenough改进后的锂电池，能储存更多的电量，且重量轻，小巧，方便携带。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“After being told that most scientists make their major discoveries long before they hit middle age Goodenough just set off to develop a battery technology that has made our modern life possible.(在被告知大多数的科学家在中年之前就做出了重大发现后，他开始开发一种电池技术，这种技术使现代生活成为可能。)”可知，他得知很多科学家在中年前就做出了重大发现，因此他决定开始研发这种电池技术，故他可能是在相对年长的时候做出的巨大贡献，故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Lithium(锂) batteries had been invented before. But Goodenough’s invention was a new kind of lithium battery that can store enough energy to power all sorts of electronics and is light and small enough to make them portable(便携式的). And, even better, such a battery would charge and recharge in a matter of minutes—all without exploding.(之前就发明了锂电池。但Goodenough发明的是一种新的锂电池，它能储存足够多的电量来为各种电子产品提供电，而且它轻便，小巧，是便携式的。并且，更好的是，这样的电池可以在几分钟内完成充电和再次充电，而且不会爆炸。)”可知，第二段主要介绍了Goodenough发明的锂电池有所改善的地方，故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Goodenough was head of the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory at the University of Oxford in England when he made his lithium battery discovery.(当发明这款锂电池时，他在牛津大学担任无机化学实验室的主任。)”可知，Goodenough在英国牛津大学担任无机化学实验室主任时发现了锂电池，故选A。 7．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Trained in mathematics and physics, Goodenough, who eventually becomes a groundbreaking chemist and materials engineer, does not easily fit any existing classification(分类).(受过物理和数学的培训的Goodenough，最终成为了一名开创性的化学家和材料工程师，他很难去适应任何现有的分类。)”可知，Goodenough受过多领域的培训，又是著名的化学家和材料工程师，因此他很难将自己的研究归类，不知道应该属于哪种类别，故选D。 Passage 14 （吉林省“BEST合作体”2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）Parenting roles evolve from the full control and safekeeping of a young baby to the delicate dance between independence and guidance in adolescence (青春期). Eventually, our children become adults, and if we are lucky, we will have lifelong friendships with them. Play is a key element of friendship with children. With babies and very young children, we play with them, engaging in back-and-forth activities. They often start the game, and we join in. They pull us into play, and we love it. In the language of experts who research children from birth to 3 years old, we express delight in these interactions. But delight often hits a snag when our children learn how to say “no”. From this point onward — into adolescence — we focus on getting children to behave. We tend to be the parent, not the friend, often saying “because I said so”. Highlighting our role as taskmasters limits our parenting tools. If we can leave time and space for child-driven play and activities — without adult demands or expectations — we can return to delight. These friendly interactions expand our relationship with our children. It’s not the same as peer friendship, but we are being friends. Beyond play, the other foundational component of parent friendship is the child-directed conversation. Maintaining a friendly, non-judgmental standpoint in conversation with your kids can provide you with a world of trust and engagement. Being quiet and not saying anything are undervalued parenting tools. Instead, we can keep our ears open for informal chatter and then listen with intention and presence. And it’s usually best if we don’t offer ad vice unless asked for it. Being curious and compassionate and listening deeply to their stories and worries build emotional bonds, maintain communication, and produce trust, which sounds like friendship. In my experience as a child, a parent, and a child psychiatrist, I think we can be more than command-and-control. And I firmly believe that we can treat children with affection and respect, as companions. 28．What does the underlined word “snag” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Misjudgement. B．Demand. C．Challenge. D．Response. 29．What is a parent advised to do in a child-directed conversation? A．Be a deep listener. B．Start the topic of a talk. C．Never make any comments. D．Avoid any informal chatter. 30．What is the author’s attitude towards developing companionship with children? A．Doubtful. B．Approving. C．Unclear. D．Negative. 31．What is the suitable title for the text? A．Parent-child Friendship Bonds B．Lifelong Parent-child Relationship C．Fundamental Elements of Friendship D．Parenting Roles in Children’s Growth 【答案】28．C 29．A 30．B 31．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了父母与孩子之间可以培养朋友关系。 28．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“In the language of experts who research children from birth to 3 years old, we express delight in these interactions.(在研究从出生到3岁儿童的专家的语言中，我们对这些互动表示高兴)”根据本句的But可知，此处构成转折关系，由此可知，从出生到3岁这些互动是快乐的，但是当孩子长大会说“no”时，这种快乐就遇到了挑战。故划线词是“挑战”。故选C。 29．细节理解题。根据第三段“Being curious and compassionate and listening deeply to their stories and worries build emotional bonds, maintain communication, and produce trust, which sounds like friendship.(抱着好奇心和同情心，深入倾听他们的故事和烦恼，这样会建立情感纽带，保持沟通，产生信任，这听上去就是友谊)”可知，家长应该做一个深度倾听者。故选A。 30．推理判断题。根据第四段“And I firmly believe that we can treat children with affection and respect, as companions.(我坚信我们可以用关爱和尊重的态度对待孩子，作为他们的伙伴)”可推知，作者支持发展与孩子的友谊。故选B。 31．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Parenting roles evolve from the full control and safekeeping of a young baby to the delicate dance between independence and guidance in adolescence (青春期). Eventually, our children become adults, and if we are lucky, we will have lifelong friendships with them.(父母的角色从完全控制和保护幼小的婴儿演变为在青春期独立和指导之间微妙的舞蹈。最终，我们的孩子长大成人，如果幸运的话，我们将与他们建立终身的友谊)”结合文章讲述父母与孩子之间可以培养朋友关系。所以A项“亲子友谊纽带”适合做标题。故选A。 Passage 15 （黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学青冈实中2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）Anabela Malpique, an expert in handwriting from Murdoch University, Australia, urged (敦促，极力主张) parents to help their children move away from using phones and other devices to pencils and paper. “Research tells us in the primary years that kids need to spend more time developing handwriting skills,“ she said, “especially in the first three years of schooling to develop their hand-eye co-ordination (协调能力).” Handwriting is more important than typing on a keyboard for kids’ development in the first years of school. And parents need to support that under the guidance of the teachers. Therefore, NSW Primary Principals’ Association president Robyn Evans urged parents to improve their child’s fine coordinated skills before they enter a school through painting and cutting with scissors (剪刀). Now Australian schools require that in the NAPLAN test the third years must still write with a pen and paper in their final exams. Ella Losi, a handwriting coach, said she helped school-age children improve their writing, but when she taught university students, whose writing in exams was unreadable, she felt unbearable and annoyed. “Speed is important and so is legibility, but they seem unable to do that, eventually causing their failure in exams and even in communication,” said Ella Losi. A NSW Education Standards Authority spokeswoman said students learn handwriting from kindergarten to Year 2. And by Year 4 they are required to write fluently and consistently when composing sentences and texts. While digital technology, including keyboards, was used from kindergarten to Year 10, teachers make decisions about how digital technology is used in class. Mum Jvala Nolan, whose five-year-old twins started kindergarten this week, said she forced them to do a page or two of handwriting at home regularly, instead of using tablets. She said, “I know there’s a lot of typing in school now, but handwriting has more structure and it teaches them co-ordination.” 8．How is the first paragraph developed? A．By stating facts. B．By conveying a lesson C．By showing an example. D．By listing the research result. 9．Why is handwriting vital to preschool kids according to the text? A．It may help them get good marks in exams. B．It can prepare them for further development. C．It can equip them with fine coordinated skills. D．It may enable them to speed their writing response. 10．What does the underlined word “legibility” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Good performance. B．Clear and readable writing. C．Proper but unique printing. D．Smooth and effective communication. 11．Why is Jvala Nolan mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To state that using tablets to type should be banned. B．To present how parents train their kids’ handwriting. C．To offer the reason why handwriting is more important. D．To show parents have attached importance to kids’ handwriting. 【答案】8．D 9．C 10．B 11．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。在电子产品充斥的信息时代，人们越来越不重视书写。本文通过一项研究结果，说明孩子们练习书写的重要性。从原因、目的以及学校和家长的观点和行动等方面来阐述如何加强孩子们的书写。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Anabela Malpique, an expert in handwriting from Murdoch University, Australia, urged (敦促，极力主张) parents to help their children move away from using phones and other devices to pencils and paper. “Research tells us in the primary years that kids need to spend more time developing handwriting skills,“ she said, “especially in the first three years of schooling to develop their hand-eye co-ordination (协调能力).”(澳大利亚莫道克大学的笔迹专家安娜贝拉·马尔皮克敦促家长们帮助孩子们远离使用手机和其他电子设备，转而使用铅笔和纸。“研究告诉我们，在小学阶段，孩子们需要花更多的时间来培养书写技能，”她说，“尤其是在上学的前三年，以培养他们的手眼协调能力。”)”可知，第一段通过列举研究结果展开。故选D。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段“especially in the first three years of schooling to develop their hand-eye co-ordination(特别是在学校的前三年发展他们的手眼协调能力)”以及最后一段“I know there’s a lot of typing in school now, but handwriting has more structure and it teaches them co-ordination.(我知道现在学校里有很多打字，但手写更有结构，而且能教会他们协调性)”可知，书写对学龄前儿童至关重要因为它可以使他们具备良好的协调能力。故选C。 10．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Ella Losi, a handwriting coach, said she helped school-age children improve their writing, but when she taught university students, whose writing in exams was unreadable, she felt unbearable and annoyed.(书写教练埃拉·洛西说，她帮助学龄儿童提高了他们的写作水平，但当她教那些考试时字迹难以辨认的大学生时，她感到难以忍受和恼火)”以及划线词后文“but they seem unable to do that, eventually causing their failure in exams and even in communication(但他们似乎无法做到这一点，最终导致他们在考试中甚至在交流中失败)”可知，学生因为无法做到清晰可辨的书写从而导致考试失败。故划线词意思是“清晰可辨的书写”。故选B。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I know there’s a lot of typing in school now, but handwriting has more structure and it teaches them co-ordination.(我知道现在学校里有很多打字，但手写更有结构，而且能教会他们协调性)”可知，最后一段提到了伊瓦拉·诺兰是为了表明父母重视孩子的书写。故选D。 Passage 16 （河北省河北名校联盟2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）After Miles Fetherston-Resch learned that sharks were in trouble, he was confused by how people treated the oceans and the creatures that lived in them. “I saw a polluted beach,” he said. “The adults are doing something about it. Why can’t I?” With the help of his mom, Miles then started an organization called Kids Saving Oceans. What started with $13 from his piggy bank as a 6-year-old boy has grown to $26,000 raised for ocean conservation (保护). He would sell things like hats, T-shirts and water bottles made out of recycled materials for a good cause. Before he turned 18, he wanted to raise $1million for ocean conservation organizations. Miles, now 12, is in the business of saving oceans. Miles has even met with leaders in Washington, D．C． and helped co-write a book called Kids Saving Oceans: Olivia Makes a Difference. “It’s about a kid named Olivia and she doesn’t want to just help her dad in the kitchen. She wants to change the world a little bit so she does her research and finds out the oceans are in trouble. She starts with a basic beach cleanup and it rockets off from there,” Miles said. Madeline Stoddard, Miles’ teacher, said other students in her classroom were inspired by Miles. “It shows that it doesn’t matter how young you are. Everyone can do something to create change,” Madeline said. Miles lives in Florida now. He has loved the ocean for as long as he can remember. He said, “Getting into conservation was just kind of personal to me.” But to other kids who want to do this kind of work, he said, “If you have an idea, go for it. The worst thing you can do is have it not work out. And that’s not a loss.” 24．Why was the Kids Saving Oceans established? A．To save animals. B．To make big money. C．To protect the oceans. D．To influence the adults. 25．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．Olivia was too busy to help her dad. B．Miles and Olivia have the same goal. C．The book is about recycled materials. D．Olivia failed to save the oceans at first. 26．Which of the following can best describe Miles? A．Confident and active. B．Friendly and graceful. C．Inspiring and curious. D．Patient and successful. 27．What does the author want to tell us in the last paragraph? A．Every cloud has a silver lining. B．The early bird catches the worm. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．Nothing risked, nothing gained. 【答案】24．C 25．B 26．A 27．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了迈尔斯创办了一个名为“拯救海洋的孩子”的组织来保护海洋。 24．细节理解题。根据第二段“With the help of his mom, Miles then started an organization called Kids Saving Oceans. What started with $13 from his piggy bank as a 6-year-old boy has grown to $26,000 raised for ocean conservation (保护). (在妈妈的帮助下，迈尔斯创办了一个名为“孩子们拯救海洋”的组织。从他6岁时从储蓄罐里拿出的13美元开始，他已经为海洋保护筹集了2.6万美元。)”可知，成立孩子们拯救海洋是为了保护海洋。故选C。 25．细节理解题。根据第三段“Miles has even met with leaders in Washington, D. C. and helped co-write a book called Kids Saving Oceans: Olivia Makes a Difference. “It’s about a kid named Olivia and she doesn’t want to just help her dad in the kitchen. She wants to change the world a little bit so she does her research and finds out the oceans are in trouble. She starts with a basic beach cleanup and it rockets off from there,” Miles said. (迈尔斯甚至会见了华盛顿特区的领导人，并参与撰写了一本名为《孩子们拯救海洋：奥利维亚与众不同》的书。“这是关于一个名叫奥利维亚的孩子，她不想只是在厨房里帮她爸爸。她想改变这个世界，所以她做了一些研究，发现海洋遇到了麻烦。她从基本的海滩清理开始，从那里开始。”迈尔斯说。)”可知，迈尔斯和奥利维亚有相同的目标。故选B。 26．推理判断题。根据第一段““I saw a polluted beach,” he said. “The adults are doing something about it. Why can’t I?” (“我看到了一个被污染的海滩，”他说。“大人们正在为此做些什么。我为什么不能呢？”)”以及最后一段“But to other kids who want to do this kind of work, he said, “If you have an idea, go for it. The worst thing you can do is have it not work out. And that’s not a loss.” (但对于其他想做这种工作的孩子，他说：“如果你有想法，就去做吧。你能做的最糟糕的事情就是没有成功。这不是损失。”)”可知，迈尔斯自信、积极。故选A。 27．推理判断题。根据最后一段“He said, “Getting into conservation was just kind of personal to me.” But to other kids who want to do this kind of work, he said, “If you have an idea, go for it. The worst thing you can do is have it not work out. And that’s not a loss.” (他说：“进入环保行业对我来说有点私人。”但对于其他想做这种工作的孩子，他说：“如果你有想法，就去做吧。你能做的最糟糕的事情就是没有成功。这不是损失。”)”可知，作者在最后一段想告诉我们不冒险就没有收获。故选D。 Passage 17 （广东省广州市越秀区广中2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）The Golden Gate Bridge was the longest bridge in the world from 1937 when it was completed (完成) until the Verrazano Narrows Bridge was built in New York in 1964.Today,it is still the ninth longest bridge in the world. For many years before the Golden Gate Bridge was built，the only way to get across San Francisco Bay was by ship.And by the early twentieth century the Bay was crowded because of them. In the 1920s, engineer and bridge-builder Joseph Strauss believed that a bridge should be built across the Golden Gate to solve the problem. Many groups went against him，each for their own selfish reasons.Besides，the engineering challenge was also huge — the Golden Gate Bridge area often has winds of up to 60 miles per hour，and strong ocean currents (洋流) sweep below the surface.If all that weren’t enough，it was the middle of the Great Depression,and funds were hard to find. Strauss didn't give up, and the Golden Gate Bridge history began when San Francisco officials approved＄35 million to build the Golden Gate Bridge.After the artistic design and red color were chosen, construction work began in 1933.The Golden Gate Bridge project was completed in 1937，an important date in San Francisco history. Strauss was a pioneer in building safety.The Bay Bridge，which was being built at the same time cost 24 lives while the Golden Gate Bridge cost only 12，a great achievement in a period of time when one man was killed on most construction projects for every million spent. 8．What do we know about the Golden Gate Bridge? A．It is of the same age as the Verrazano Narrows Bridge. B．There are only 8 bridges worldwide longer than it now. C．It remained the world’s longest bridge for 30 years. D．It was the widest bridge worldwide when completed. 9．Why did Strauss want to build the Golden Gate Bridge？ A．To prove his artistic ability. B．To build the world's longest bridge. C．To solve traffic jams at San Francisco Bay. D．To make crossing San Francisco Bay possible. 10．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The necessity for building the bridge. B．The hard time of the Great Depression. C．The bad weather in the Golden Gate Bridge area. D．The difficulties in building the Golden Gate Bridge. 11．Which of the following words can best describe Strauss？ A．Strong—minded (意志坚强的). B．Warm—hearted. C．Honest. D．Patient. 【答案】8．B 9．C 10．D 11．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了Strauss建造纽约的金门大桥的起因，困难和成就，向我们展示了一个意志坚强的建筑家的励志故事。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段末尾“Today,it is still the ninth longest bridge in the world.”（今天，它仍然是世界上第九长的桥梁。）可知，换句话说当今只有八架桥比它长。故选B。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“And by the early twentieth century the Bay was crowded because of them. In the 1920s, engineer and bridge-builder Joseph Strauss believed that a bridge should be built across the Golden Gate to solve the problem.”（到了20世纪早期，海湾因为它们而变得拥挤不堪。20世纪20年代，工程师和桥梁建造者约瑟夫·施特劳斯认为，应该在金门大桥上建造一座桥来解决这个问题。）可知，建造金门大桥是为了解决旧金山湾的交通堵塞问题。故选C。 10．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Many groups went against him，each for their own selfish reasons.Besides，the engineering challenge was also huge ......”(许多团体反对他，每个团体都有自己的自私理由。此外,工程挑战也是巨大的)可知，整段讲述了建造金门大桥的困难和调整。故选D。 11．推理判断题。根据第三段的困难和第四段末尾“Strauss didn't give up..... ”(施特劳斯没有放弃，)以及第四段“Strauss was a pioneer in building safety.”（施特劳斯是建筑安全方面的先驱。）可知，如此多的困难没有放弃并且成为了建筑的先驱，施特劳斯是意志坚强的人。故选A。 Passage 18 （北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）For years, scientists have been trying to figure out whether “brain workouts” such as puzzles (字谜) and online cognitive games could strengthen our minds and slow the process of aging. Now, a study has found that regularly attempting a crossword may help slow decline in some people with mild cognitive impairment (障碍), an early stage of faltering memory that can sometimes progress to dementia (痴呆症). While the study didn't investigate whether crosswords benefit younger adults who are not dealing with cognitive decline, it suggests that keeping your mind active as you age may benefit your brain. And the research offers hope to those diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment that they may be able to stave off further declines in the memory, language problems and decision-making that are the hallmark of the condition. The American Academy of Neurology estimates that mild cognitive impairment affects about 8 percent of people ages 65 to 69; 10 percent of people ages 70 to 74; 15 percent of people ages 75 to 79; 25 percent of those ages 80 to 84; and about 37 percent of people 85 and older. The research, which was funded by the National Institute on Aging, recruited 107 adults ages 55 to 95 with mild cognitive impairment. For 12 weeks, they were all asked to play one of two types of games, four times a week—spending either 30 minutes on Lumosity, a popular cognitive training platform, or 30 minutes attempting a digital crossword. After 12 weeks, the participants were reevaluated and given "booster" doses of game play six more times during the 78-week experiment. By the end of the study, participants were given standard assessments used to measure cognitive decline, and friends and family reported on their day-to-day functioning. MRI scans also were used to measure brain volume changes. Researchers found that in key measurements—cognitive decline scores, functional skills and brain volume changes—the regular crossword players fared better than the game players. The finding surprised the scientists behind the study who had expected that challenging web-based brain games, which were specifically designed to boost cognitive function, would offer the most benefit. “Our study shows that in people with mild cognitive impairment, crossword puzzles beat the computerized games on multiple metrics, ” said Murali Doraiswamy, a co-author of the study. “So, if you have mild cognitive impairment, which is different from normal aging, then the recommendation would be to keep your brain active with crossword puzzles.” People with higher degrees of cognitive impairment appeared to benefit the most from doing the crossword, which was designed to be a moderately difficult puzzle comparable to the Thursday game. The study has limitations. Some of the participants may have just been more familiar with crosswords and that's why they responded better to the puzzles than to Lumosity's computer games. More years of follow-up also are needed to determine whether interventions such as crossword puzzles can “truly prevent dementia,” Doraiswamy said. 27．What does the underlined phrase "stave off" in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Promote. B．Prevent. C．Experience. D．Cause. 28．Paragraph 4 is written to_________. A．show a concerning condition B．compare different groups C．present real-life examples D．prove an assumption 29．What can we learn from the passage? A．One's degree of cognitive impairment depends on how old he is. B．Solving crossword puzzles is a recommendation to elderly people. C．The efficiency of puzzles in preventing dementia has been proved. D．Crosswords' effects are linked to how serious cognitive impairment is. 30．What makes the findings of the study far from conclusive? A．The lack of variables. B．The weaknesses of assessments. C．The insufficiency of time span. D．The subjects' preference for games. 【答案】27．B 28．A 29．D 30．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项研究发现，定期尝试填字游戏可能有助于减缓一些轻度认知障碍患者的衰退。 27．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“And the research offers hope to those diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (这项研究给那些被诊断患有轻度认知障碍的人带来了希望)”由此可推知下文they may be able to stave off further declines in the memory意思是“他们可能能够避免记忆力、语言问题和决策能力的进一步下降”，可知stave off意思是阻止，预防，和prevent同义，故选B。 28．推理判断题。根据第四段“The American Academy of Neurology estimates that mild cognitive impairment affects about 8 percent of people ages 65 to 69; 10 percent of people ages 70 to 74; 15 percent of people ages 75 to 79; 25 percent of those ages 80 to 84; and about 37 percent of people 85 and older. (美国神经病学学会(American Academy of Neurology)估计，在65岁至69岁的人群中，约有8%的人患有轻度认知障碍；70 - 74岁的人占10%；15%的人年龄在75到79岁之间；年龄在80到84岁之间的人占25%；大约37%的85岁及以上的人。)”和第五段“The research, which was funded by the National Institute on Aging, recruited 107 adults ages 55 to 95 with mild cognitive impairment. (这项研究由美国国家老龄研究所(National Institute on Aging)资助，招募了107名年龄在55岁至95岁之间、患有轻度认知障碍的成年人。)”可推知写第四段是为了说明研究对象的相关情况，故选A。 29．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段““Our study shows that in people with mild cognitive impairment, crossword puzzles beat the computerized games on multiple metrics, ” said Murali Doraiswamy, a co-author of the study. (“我们的研究表明，在轻度认知障碍的人群中，填字游戏在多个指标上都胜过电脑游戏，”该研究的合著者穆拉利·多雷斯瓦米(Murali Doraiswamy)说。)”可推知填字游戏的效果与认知障碍的严重程度有关。故选D。 30．细节理解题。根据最后一段“More years of follow-up also are needed to determine whether interventions such as crossword puzzles can “truly prevent dementia,” Doraiswamy said. (Doraiswamy说，还需要更多年的随访来确定填字游戏等干预措施是否能“真正预防痴呆”。)”可知还需要更多年的随访来确定填字游戏等干预措施是否能“真正预防痴呆”，也就是时间不足，故选C。 Passage 19 （陕西省宝鸡市渭滨区2023-2024学年高一下学期期末） Travel the World Virtually-Leave home without leaving home Have you ever longed to take a trip, but you just don’t have the time or the financial resources? If so, consider touring via virtual reality (VR), which has embraced tourism with open arms. This innovative technology is reshaping the way people experience destinations by breaking down geographical barriers and providing unique journeys. An AI tour is cost-effective and allows you to see the world without leaving the comfort of your living room. You might argue that you don’t have a VR headset, but no matter. Two travel styles are available: monoscopic and stereoscopic. Monoscopic VR videos can be viewed on a mobile phone or a computer. By clicking on or dragging across the screen to rotate (旋转) the field of view, you are able to explore an entire area. Stereoscopic VR videos use VR headsets that make you feel as if you were actually present at a destination. The software in the headsets tracks your head movement, so by just turning your head, you can explore each new scene in a more realistic way. No matter which method you choose to “travel,” these virtual travel experiences aim to give you a credible experience. Besides inspecting an area that you might want to visit but can’t, you can virtually preview a place and make more informed decisions about it. You’re able to clearly see the exact location of a hotel or the distance from it to surrounding attractions. Make no mistake, travel agencies, hotels and destination marketing organizations are using this tool to their advantage. By creating virtual experiences, businesses can amaze their audience and arouse interest in specific destinations or accommodations. VR in tourism goes beyond leisure; it also plays a vital role in education and cultural preservation. By digitally documenting, archiving (把……归档) and sharing its information, the nonprofit CyArk is aiding in the preservation of endangered cultural heritage sites through VR exploration. To foster a broader understanding of the world, students can now take virtual field trips to formerly inaccessible historical sites and cultural landmarks. 24．Which of the following is NOT the advantage of touring via virtual reality? A．reasonable expenses B．geographical limits C．pre-trip decisions D．cultural awareness 25．Which one of the following is the characteristic of stereoscopic? A．You can explore the entire area on your phone. B．You can actually be present at your destination. C．You can explore each new scene by dragging across the screen. D．The software in the headsets is necessary and helpful. 26．VR in tourism can benefit the following except ______? A．travel enthusiasts with a tight schedule B．disabled people with accessibility challenges C．tourism-related businesses D．students eager to experience practical field trips 27．Where can you probably find the passage? A．a geography text book B．a tourist advertisement C．a scientific website D．a health guide handbook 【答案】24．B 25．D 26．D 27．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了虚拟现实旅游的好处以及操作原理。 24．细节理解题。根据第一段“This innovative technology is reshaping the way people experience destinations by breaking down geographical barriers and providing unique journeys.(这项创新技术通过打破地理障碍和提供独特的旅程，重塑了人们体验目的地的方式)”可知，地理限制不是虚拟现实旅游的优势。故选B。 25．细节理解题。根据第二段“Stereoscopic VR videos use VR headsets that make you feel as if you were actually present at a destination. The software in the headsets tracks your head movement, so by just turning your head, you can explore each new scene in a more realistic way. No matter which method you choose to “travel,” these virtual travel experiences aim to give you a credible experience.(立体VR视频使用VR头显，让你感觉好像你真的在目的地。耳机中的软件会跟踪你的头部运动，所以只要转动你的头，你就可以以更逼真的方式探索每个新场景。无论你选择哪种方式“旅行”，这些虚拟旅行体验都旨在给你一个可信的体验)”可知，耳机里的软件是必要且有用的是立体VR的特征。故选D。 26．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Besides inspecting an area that you might want to visit but can’t, you can virtually preview a place and make more informed decisions about it.(除了参观一个你可能想去但不能去的地方，你还可以虚拟预览一个地方，并做出更明智的决定)”以及“Make no mistake, travel agencies, hotels and destination marketing organizations are using this tool to their advantage. By creating virtual experiences, businesses can amaze their audience and arouse interest in specific destinations or accommodations.(毫无疑问，旅行社、酒店和目的地营销组织都在利用这一工具。通过创造虚拟体验，企业可以让他们的受众感到惊讶，并引起对特定目的地或住宿的兴趣)”可知，D选项“学生渴望体验实际的实地考察”不是受益的方面。故选D。 27．推理判断题。根据第一段“Have you ever longed to take a trip, but you just don’t have the time or the financial resources? If so, consider touring via virtual reality (VR), which has embraced tourism with open arms. This innovative technology is reshaping the way people experience destinations by breaking down geographical barriers and providing unique journeys. An AI tour is cost-effective and allows you to see the world without leaving the comfort of your living room.(你是否曾经渴望去旅行，但你只是没有时间或经济资源？如果是这样，可以考虑通过虚拟现实旅游，VR已经张开双臂拥抱旅游业。这项创新技术通过打破地理障碍和提供独特的旅程，重塑了人们体验目的地的方式。人工智能之旅成本低廉，让你不用离开舒适的客厅就能看到世界)”结合文章主要说明了虚拟现实旅游的好处以及操作原理。可知，文章选自科学网站。故选C。 Passage 20 （山东省潍坊青州市一中2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）Killer whales are mama’s boys. A son will follow his mother, taking bits of fish and other food, throughout his life, even as his sisters grow up and have babies of their own. This neediness comes at a significant cost to mom, who gives up having additional children to look after her boy, according to a new study. Michael Weiss has observed the mother-son bond in killer whale groups off the Pacific coast of North America. “It’s kind of wild,” says the behavioral ecologist. These animals live for decades, yet even fully grown males “act like little kids around their mom, rolling around and swimming right beside and behind her like they're still babies”. Weiss wanted to know whether these high-maintenance children came at a cost — particularly, whether they hurt a mother’s ability to raise more children. He and colleagues studied 40 years’ worth of data on three Pacific pods (小群动物), social groups typically consisting of a couple dozen killer whale mothers and sons that traveled and hunted fish together. Sure enough, the team found a “huge effect”, Weiss says. In a given year, mothers of sons were less than half as likely to have another baby as were childless females or mothers of daughters. Strikingly, both a 3-year-old son and an 18-year-old son lowered their mom’s chances of having more children, Weiss says. The researchers suggest mom’s favoritism toward her boys developed because of the particular social structure of these pods. When a daughter gives birth, her babies stay in the same group as her and her mom and therefore compete with the rest for food and attention. By contrast, a son doesn’t bring more mouths into the group — he mates with females in passing pods who then go on to raise children in their own social units. His kids are thus “someone else’s problem”, Weiss explains. So, it makes sense for mom to give more energy to him than to his sisters if she wants as many grandchildren as possible with the least competition. The team didn’t establish exactly how sons prevented their mothers from having more babies. Weiss says he hopes to do more research across populations, and in different species of whales. But now, killer whales remain an extreme example of parental care across the animal kingdom. “In other animals,” he says, “at some point, you just stop relying on your mom as much.” 8．What can we learn about a mother killer whale’s chance of having more babies? A．It is independent of her son’s age. B．A mother of a son won’t have another baby. C．A mother of daughters has the least chance. D．It changes with the social structure of the pod. 9．What can be inferred from the research? A．Male killer wales can’t grow fully. B．Male killer wales are precious in their social structure. C．Baby killer wales live with their grandmother. D．Baby killer wales compete against their father for food. 10．Why do mother killer whales favor their boys? A．To increase the pod’s population. B．To compete with other pods. C．To gain support from boys. D．To save food. 11．What does Weiss think of the mother-son bond in killer whale groups? A．It is extremely rare in nature. B．It shows that killer whales have feelings. C．It doesn’t exist in other species of whales. D．It slows male killer whales’ development. 【答案】8．A 9．B 10．D 11．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了虎鲸母子间的依赖关系及其对繁殖的影响。 8．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In a given year, mothers of sons were less than half as likely to have another baby as were childless females or mothers of daughters. Strikingly, both a 3-year-old son and an 18-year-old son lowered their mom’s chances of having more children, Weiss says.(在某一年里，有儿子的母亲生育另一个孩子的可能性不到无子女女性或有女儿的母亲的一半。引人注目的是，无论是3岁的儿子还是18岁的儿子，都会降低他们母亲再生更多孩子的几率，Weiss说)”可知，无论是3岁的儿子还是18岁的儿子，都会降低母亲再生育的机会。即母鲸鱼是否有更多孩子与她儿子的年龄无关。故选A。 9．推理判断题。根据第五段“The researchers suggest mom’s favoritism toward her boys developed because of the particular social structure of these pods. When a daughter gives birth, her babies stay in the same group as her and her mom and therefore compete with the rest for food and attention. By contrast, a son doesn’t bring more mouths into the group — he mates with females in passing pods who then go on to raise children in their own social units.(研究人员提出，母亲对儿子的偏爱是因为这些群体特有的社会结构而发展的。当一个女儿生育时，她的孩子会留在她和她母亲所在的同一群体中，因此会与其他成员争夺食物和关注。相比之下，一个儿子不会给群体带来更多的需要供养的人口 —— 他与路过群体中的雌性交配，而后这些雌性会在自己的社会单元中抚养后代)”可知，母鲸鱼对儿子的偏爱是因为儿子在社会结构中更为重要，儿子不会带来更多的竞争者，而女儿的孩子会留在群体中，增加竞争，表明雄性虎鲸在它们的社会结构中扮演着重要的角色。故选B。 10．推理判断题。根据第六段“His kids are thus “someone else’s problem”, Weiss explains. So, it makes sense for mom to give more energy to him than to his sisters if she wants as many grandchildren as possible with the least competition.(他的孩子们因此变成了“别人的问题”，Weiss解释道。因此，如果妈妈想要在最少的竞争下获得尽可能多的孙子孙女，她给予儿子更多的精力而不是女儿，这是有道理的)”这表明母亲偏爱儿子的原因之一是为了节约食物，减少群体内的竞争。故选D。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But now, killer whales remain an extreme example of parental care across the animal kingdom.(但现在，虎鲸仍然是动物王国中父母抚育的一个极端例子)”可知，Weiss认为母子关系在虎鲸群体中是极端的例子，这在自然界中是非常罕见的。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末考点大串讲（人教版2019） 考题猜想01阅读理解-说明文培优专练20篇 Passage 01 （山东省烟台市2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）32°N adaptive glasses, created by Deep Optics using pixelated liquid crystal (PLC) lenses (像素化液晶镜片), work as both protective eyewear and adaptive reading glasses. PLC lenses appeared as early as 2017, but only recently did the company create an interesting pair of eyeglasses that could, in theory, become the only pair of glasses a person would need. That`s because the adaptive concept of the glasses allows wearers to adjust their purpose with a single slide of the frame (框架). For stylish sunglasses, simply slide backward on the right frame, and to put them into vision correction mode, you just slide back to the original place. Additionally, the lens power can be changed from 0 to 2.5 diopters (屈光度), and the built-in battery offers up to 48 hours of power. “Our special technology actively corrects vision using PLC lenses,” Deep Optics explains. “The lenses perform like human eyes, allowing the wearer to see what they want when they want. Our technology adds no extra weight or size.” The lenses are set in frames containing a distance meter on the bridge, which measures the distance from the wearer`s face to objects. The meter then sends a signal to adjust the diopters of the lenses. This adjustment can happen quickly, letting the user focus from one object to another clearly and accurately in 14 milliseconds. At $849 per pair, 32°N glasses are not cheap, but they do relieve you of the need to carry two pairs of eyeglasses with you. No more changing between reading and distance glasses, as after adjusting the liquid crystal lenses to your needs, all you have to do is a slide on the right frame to change their focus between close and far distances. These adaptive sunglasses are a giant step forward, ridding the need for single-use lenses. And 32°N glasses are not just primary designs that may or may not make it to the market. They are already available, despite their high price. Still, if liquid lenses become more mainstream, the price is certain to come down in the future. 8．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us? A．How the lenses are fixed. B．How the lenses work. C．How the lenses bear more weight. D．How the lenses are created. 9．Which words best describe 32°N glasses? A．Heavy but effective. B．Costly but multi-functional. C．Creative but easily-broken. D．Energy-saving but inflexible. 10．What can we know about 32°N glasses from the last paragraph? A．They haven`t reached consumers. B．Theyllcurewearers eye illnesses. C．They have replaced the old sunglasses. D．They`re a breakthrough in the glasses industry. 11．In which section of a website may the text appear? A．Education. B．Sports. C．Science. D．Entertainment. Passage 02 （浙江省杭州市2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）Harishchandra has spent decades of his life caring for the poor community. His son Prashant Sude, who has now taken over the operations of NGO, is following in his father’s footsteps, working to help people with disabilities. “What we did at first was train them in recycling (回收) old clothes into mats (垫子) . The throwing away of old clothes is a significant issue, causing environmental harm. At our hand-me-down centre, we recycle these clothes into mats, providing a long-lasting solution to this problem. In doing so, they not only earn a living but also contribute to addressing the environmental challenges related to non-biodegradable waste,” he says. However, with changing times, Prashant realized that this training might not be a very smart job with good pay after a few years. “In 2010, we started giving massage (按摩) training to blind people. Massage is an excellent job opportunity for sight challenged individuals because they have sharp sensory abilities. The training methods are simple yet effective, allowing both less-educated and well-educated individuals to learn massage scientifically. Through our course, students learn various massage techniques practically. As a result, they become experts in the field. Once they are trained, they can return to their native village or stay at the centre and earn at least Rs 500 per massage.” In 2021, the NGO came up with another branch of training. “We teach them various digital skills such as graphic design, video editing, and social media management. These skills are particularly suitable for those with locomotor disabilities. They use the labs at the NGO to practise their skill, do their work without having to move a lot and focus their energy more on creative thinking,” he adds. While Prashant and Harishchandra along with many volunteers have helped hundreds of people, Prashant now wishes to expand the model throughout Maharashtra. “The blind in our country are treated as second-class citizens. With Swadhaar, we are aiming to reduce this gap by presenting them with the right opportunities. We want to help them become independent, and live the life they should have,” says Prashant. 24．Compared to the recycling project, the massage training program is ________. A．more challenging B．more rewarding C．less scientific D．less practical 25．How did the NGO help the disabled? A．By offering them different jobs. B．By developing their social skills. C．By changing their working conditions. D．By giving them training in different areas. 26．What does the underlined phrase “locomotor disabilities” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Inability to hear. B．Failure to focus. C．Difficulty in moving. D．Lack of creativity. 27．What does the story mainly tell us? A．Every dog has its day. B．Many hands make light work. C．Two heads are better than one. D．Teach a man to fish, and you feed him for a lifetime. Passage 03 （湖南省怀化市2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）Doctors have transplanted a pig kidney (肾) into a 62-year-oldman living with end-stage kidney disease. The patient Richard Slayman, was recovering well and was expected to be discharged from the hospital within days. Strictly speaking, this isn’t the first ever pig-to-human kidney transplant. The procedure has been performed five times in the past, all in people who were declared brain-dead and kept on life support. The most recent of those took place in July 2023 by Robert Montgomery at NYU Langone Health and his workmates. However, Slayman’s operation is the first time that a pig kidney has been transplanted into a living human. Thanks to the efforts by thousands of scientists and physicians over several decades the operation is a great success, which makes it a significant milestone in the field of the transfer of animal organs to humans. Slayman has type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and kidney disease. He had previously received a human kidney from a donor in December 2018. However, the organs showed signs of failure about five years later. He started dialysis (透析) in May last year, but experienced complications, requiring visits to the hospital every two weeks. The organ was provided by a company called e Genesis, which raises pigs genetically engineered to carry certain human genes and to lack a particular set of pig genes that are harmful to humans. These genetic changes reduce the possibility of transplant rejection, when the immune system attacks the organ and causes it to fail. Slayman is also receiving a cocktail of immune-suppressing drugs to further lower the risk. So far, there is no sign of rejection and Slayman is able to walk on his own. More than 100,000 people in the US are waiting for an organ transplant, 17 of whom die each day. The US Food and Drug Administration authorized the experimental transplant for Slayman due to a lack of other treatment choices. “Our hope is that this transplant approach will offer a lifeline to millions of patients worldwide who are suffering from kidney failure.” said Tatsuo Kawai at Massachusetts General Hospital in a statement. 12．Why is the pig kidney transplant considered a milestone? A．No animal-to-human organ transplant has been done before. B．It is the result of many scientists and physicians’ joint efforts. C．It is the first successful pig kidney transplant into a human. D．It has been performed in people who are declared brain-dead. 13．What can we know from the passage? A．Slayman has received kidney transplant only once. B．Pigs used for transplant carry no human genes. C．Many people in need of organ transplant. D．Slayman needn’t take any drugs after the transplant. 14．What is Tatsuo Kawai’s attitude towards pig kidney transplant? A．Optimistic. B．Doubtful. C．Critical D．Uninterested 15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Why is Kidney Transplant Important B．Human Receives Pig Kidney C．The Future of Kidney Transplant D．A Milestone in Human History Passage 04 （安徽省马鞍山市2023~2024学年高一下学期期末）Every year, hundreds of international students travel thousands of miles to study hard in China, leaving their homes and native languages behind. As some of them devote themselves to Chinese language study at Tongji University in Shanghai, one unique task helps them bridge the miles that lie in between — writing a letter home in Chinese. The letter- home activity has become an annual tradition in Tongji’s pre-university Chinese program. After months of studying vocabulary, grammar, and composition, students from all over the world are tasked with writing a letter to their families, entirely in Chinese. “At first, this activity was operated in a few classes. But when other students saw the letters on show, they began to write home letters on their own,” explained Zong Qian, director of the International School of the university. As the letters started coming in, the teachers were impressed and touched by the students’ efforts to express emotions across cultures. “We realized that these letters offered a special window into the students’ experiences and growth in China,” said Zong. “The letters were very moving to read.” Chipo Bard Shanzuwa Chintu from Zambia wrote about her adjustment to life in Shanghai: “I think Shanghai is beautiful and safe. Learning to write Chinese characters is very challenging but rewarding.” Neth Chanranuth from Cambodia described his progress after settling in: “Time flies and my Chinese language ability has improved a lot. I’ve gradually adapted to life in China.” For the students, letters are a more special way of communication. Once they are received, that physical paper held in hands becomes a lasting memory one can revisit again and again. 8．What unique task are the international students asked to do at Tongji University? A．Learn Chinese vocabulary. B．Study grammar and composition. C．Write a letter home in Chinese. D．Join in the pre- university program. 9．What can we infer about the letter-home activity? A．It took some efforts to get promoted. B．It was run in all the classes at first. C．It offered students a common way to communicate. D．It contributed little to international students’ growth. 10．What did Zong Qian say about the students’ letters? A．They showed little effort. B．They were difficult to read. C．They were very touching. D．They lacked cultural expressions. 11．How did Neth Chanranuth feel about his study in Chinese? A．Disappointed. B．Satisfied. C．Worried. D．Surprised. Passage 05 （重庆市西南大学附中2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）Overcoming learning disabilities has long been a challenge for educators and students alike. However, recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technology have shown promise in revolutionizing the way we approach education for students with learning disabilities. One of the most significant ways AI can assist is through the use of adaptive learning systems. These systems use algorithms (算法) to analyze a student’s performance and adjust the learning content and pace accordingly. This personalized approach allows them to progress at their own pace, without feeling overwhelmed or left behind. Furthermore, adaptive learning systems can identify areas where a student may be struggling and provide targeted support. Another way AI can support them is through natural language processing (NLP) technology. NLP enables computers to understand and interpret human language, allowing AI-powered tools to provide real-time feedback on a student’s written work. This can be particularly beneficial for students with dyslexia, who often struggle with spelling, grammar, and sentence structure. By providing immediate feedback, students can identify and correct their mistakes, leading to improved writing skills and increased confidence. AI can also play a role in developing their social and emotional skills. Many students with learning disabilities experience social isolation. AI-powered social robots can recognize and respond to human emotions, allowing students to engage in interactive conversations and activities that help develop their social and emotional intelligence. While the potential benefits of AI in education are clear, it is essential to recognize AI isn’t a one-size-fits-all solution. Educators must carefully consider the moral implications of using AI in the classroom and ensure these tools are used responsibly and with the best interests of the students in mind. Moreover, it is crucial to remember AI shouldn’t replace human educators but rather serve as a tool to enhance and support their efforts. Teachers play a vital role by providing empathy, understanding, and guidance that cannot be reproduced by a machine. By combining the power of AI with the skills and compassion of human educators, we can create a more inclusive and effective educational environment for all students. 8．How can adaptive systems help students with learning disabilities? A．By adjusting their learning methods. B．By analyzing their learning abilities. C．By satisfying their curiosity in learning. D．By offering personalized learning assistance. 9．What does the underlined word “dyslexia” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．A mental illness affecting human intelligence. B．A brain disease leading to lack of confidence in study. C．A language-related skill applied in the learning process. D．A learning disorder involving difficulty in reading and writing. 10．What is the value of AI-powered social robots? A．Engaging students in learning activities. B．Narrowing the social distance between people. C．Assisting learners to overcome social isolation. D．Helping learners adopt effective reading strategies. 11．What does the author say about AI in the last paragraph? A．It can’t provide understanding like human educators. B．It can’t create an inclusive learning environment. C．It can meet a wide range of learning needs. D．It can guarantee learners’ data security. Passage 06 （广东省深圳实验学校高中部2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）Josefa Marin went to New York from Mexico in 1987, supporting her daughter back home with the $140 a week she earned at a sweater factory. With that small income, she had to collect recyclables, trading in cans for five cents each. When the clothing factory closed down in the late 2000s, she became a full-time recycler, picking up cans and bottles to make ends meet. Marin’s story is not unique. Millions around the world make a living from picking through waste and reselling it — a vital role that keeps waste manageable. In New York City, the administrative department collects only about 28 percent of the cans that could be recycled. Rubbish collectors keep millions of additional recyclables out of landfills every year. Yet collectors are ruled out by government policies. The United States Supreme Court in 1988 stated that household garbage is public property once it’s on the street. That enables police to search rubbish for evidence, but that protection hasn’t always been extended to recyclers. And in places like New York City, which is testing city-owned locked containers to hide garbage from rats, containers are made clearly inaccessible for collectors. “There’s value in the waste, and we feel that value should belong to the people, not the city or the corporations”, says Ryan Castalia, director of a nonprofit recycling and community center in Brooklyn. Recognized or not, waste pickers have long been treated with disrespect. Marin recalls an occasion when someone living next to a building where she was collecting cans threw water at her. “Because I recycle it doesn’t mean I am less of a person than anyone else,” she says. Some governments are starting to realize that protecting the environment and humanity go hand in hand. The United Nation’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, for example, calls for an end to poverty and all the risks it brings. 34．What is the author’s purpose of telling about Marin? A．To highlight waste collectors’ role. B．To reflect laid-off workers’ hardship. C．To praise her devotion to her daughter. D．To show the seriousness of unemployment. 35．How does the author show the importance of waste pickers’ work? A．By contrasting. B．By citing reference. C．By giving definitions. D．By cause-effect analysis. 36．What would Marin agree with? A．Business is business. B．No job is noble or humble. C．The early bird catches worms. D．One good turn deserves another. 37．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Legal Battles Over Public Garbage Ownership B．The History of Recycling Laws in the United States C．The Rise of Corporate Recycling Programs in New York D．The Struggles and Contributions of New York’s Recyclers Passage 07 （重庆市巴蜀中学校2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末）Each spring, scientists hide more than 1,600 lunchbox-size recorders across the lush forests of the Sierra Nevada range in the western U. S. These devices record a million hours of audio, which often contains various sounds of the California spotted owl — valuable information about where the endangered species spends its time. But it's a lot of recordings for a human to examine. “There’s no way we can listen to that — not even close, right?” says Connor Wood, a research associate who co-leads the project, part of the Cornell Lab, New York. It turns out this team actually can process this enormous amount of data — they just need a little help from BirdNET, an AI-powered system launched in 2018 that can identify more than 6,000 species of birds across the globe just by their calls. The BirdNET app allows people across the world to upload their own recordings from a variety of devices, including laptops and smartphones. Since its launch, BirdNET has amassed roughly 150 million high-quality bird sounds. Over the past decade, several apps have popped up (涌现) that take advantage of the power of artificial intelligence to identify different avian (鸟类的) sounds, which are used by scientists and birders alike. However, these tools have their faults: They can sometimes misidentify species, for instance. But more research is showing that AI can identify bird behaviors and distribution, which is critical for conservation. With funding from the U. S. Forest Service and National Park Service, Wood and his team recently used BirdNET to create the first ecosystem-wide assessment of spotted owl populations across the Sierra Nevada, which increasingly face threats from invasive species or wildfires. This information shows owl population trends that can boost restoration and conservation efforts, he says. “Agencies are not just buying into this as a monitoring tool for telling them about populations, but to really specifically promote on-the-ground action, which is pretty exciting,” Wood says. 12．How can BirdNET assist researchers? A．It can classify the birds with accuracy. B．It can make various sounds of birds. C．It can analyze the features of birds. D．It can help protect endangered birds. 13．What is an obvious advantage BirdNET has over human researchers? A．Creating new ideas. B．Making wise decisions. C．Providing personalized advice. D．Processing data with efficiency. 14．What is Wood’s attitude towards BirdNET? A．Objective. B．Concerned. C．Supportive. D．Critical. 15．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．BirdNET: a Pioneer in Birds Conservation B．How AI is Helping Scientists Protect Birds C．BirdNET: a New App to Identify Species D．How AI Can Help Analyze Bird Behaviors Passage 08 （云南省昭通一中教研联盟2022-2023学年高一下学期期末）While rice and wheat are the two most commonly consumed cereal grains worldwide, a study covering more than 100,000 people in Northwest China has shown that choosing rice as a staple food may result in a lower risk of obesity. Researchers from Xi’ an Jiaotong University collected data from participants aged 35 to 74 who are residents of five northwestern provincial-level regions — Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai provinces, the Ningxia Hui autonomous region and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. The participants responded to questionnaires via face-to-face interviews, providing information about their medical history and lifestyle, such as alcohol consumption, smoking, dietary status and physical activity. The researchers divided the participants into three groups according to their weekly rice and wheat intake. The first group eats rice as their staple food, consuming it either daily or four to six times per week, while consuming wheat less than four to six times per week. The second group’s staple food is wheat, and the third group consumes both rice and wheat as their staple food, with similar frequency. The results show that rice preference may be associated with a lower risk of certain obesity types in the population of Northwest China. According to the researchers, wheat flour absorbs less water than rice when cooked, partly resulting in a higher energy density (密度) of wheat than rice. According to the sixth edition (2020) of the Chinese Food Composition Table, the energy content of noodles or steamed bread is twice or three times that of cooked rice of the same weight. Meanwhile, rice-based dietary patterns often have more fresh vegetables, legumes, meat and fish servings. People with wheat preference in Northwest China tend to eat large bowls of noodles with fewer vegetables or less meat, and sometimes even with a large amount of oil. For instance, the gist of “hot oil noodles” in Shaanxi province is pouring a couple of spoons of hot oil over a bowl of chewy noodles seasoned with salt, raw garlic and chili flakes. They also noted that given the large area and diverse ethnic groups living in Northwest China, further studies may be necessary to fully understand the regional specificity and the potential underlying reasons for the observed connections. 32．What is the study mainly about? A．Eating habits. B．Food safety. C．Overweight persons. D．Weight control. 33．How did the researchers make their study findings? A．By studying participants’ living conditions. B．By making participants perform some tasks. C．By measuring participants weight at different times. D．By interviewing participants about their information. 34．Why do wheat lovers have a higher risk of obesity according to the study? A．They tend to eat more food with more meat and oil. B．Wheat flour absorbs more water than rice to create more energy. C．The energy of cooked wheat is twice or three times that of cooked rice of the same weight. D．They prefer to eat noodles seasoned with salt. 35．What will the researchers try to do next? A．Help some people lose weight. B．Explore new ways to lower risk of obesity. C．Demand people to change their eating habits. D．Figure out further connections between diet and weight. Passage 09 （新疆兵团地州学校2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）In the summer of 2022, several researchers with USDA Wildlife Services held their breath as a drone (无人机) pilot flew a large drone, equipped with a camera, toward a wolf standing in grassland in southwestern Oregon. The team members, watching from a distance, expected the wolf to stop or run away the minute the robot approached it. But to their disbelief, it did neither. Instead, the wolf wagged (摆动) its tail, reached out its front legs, lowered its head — a classic invitation to play and exactly the opposite of the response the researchers were hoping for. The project, led by Paul Wolf, the Southwest Oregon District’s supervisor for Wildlife Services, was designed to find ways to use drones to scare wolves away from livestock (牲畜), not give the animals a new toy. Later that night, the researchers tried again. This time they equipped the drone with a speaker that broadcast human voices. The wolf took off running. For the rest of the summer and fall, the field staff focused on using drones to discourage wolves from approaching cattle, in one case using a speaker-equipped drone for an ongoing attack. The three wolves fled, and the wounded deer survived. “We know for sure that we saved at least one animal doing this,” says Dustin Ranglack, the Predator Ecology and Behavior Project leader for Wildlife Services’ National Wildlife Research Center. Ranglack and other researchers hope drones will help keep the peace between predators (捕食性动物) and livestock. “Early exploration is your best way before something bad occurs,” says Jared Beaver, an assistant professor and a wildlife-management specialist at Montana State University, “before livestock get killed or before a wildlife species gets in trouble and has to be killed as well.” But drones still face difficulties in wide application. “We’re all strongly aware of the limitations of this tool,” Ranglack says. “Drones with speakers such as the ones tested by Wildlife Services can cost $ 20,000 or more.” 12．How did the wolf react to the drone at first? A．The wolf stood still. B．The wolf could treat the drone as a toy. C．The wolf immediately ran away. D．The wolf could be frightened of the drone. 13．Why was the project carried out? A．To explore the dangers wolves faced. B．To study the habits of wolves by using drones. C．To keep wolves from hurting livestock by using drones. D．To find out the ways to use drones in environmental protection. 14．What is Beaver’s attitude to the project? A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. D．Puzzled. 15．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Wolves: a Possible Threat to Livestock B．Drones: a Role to Play in Protecting Livestock C．Technology: an Effective Way to Help Farmers D．Dustin Ranglack: a Specialist in Grassland Research Passage 10 （四川省宜宾市2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）Traditionally, filmmaking has been seen as a domain (领域) limited to professional teams led by experienced directors or wealthy individuals. However, with the help of AI- generated content (AIGC), ordinary people are now ab le to produce brilliant films and even receive awards at a film festival. This year, the 14th Beijing International Film Festival (BJIFF) introduced the AIGC Short Film Unit for the first time. From January to April, the committee received 430 films from both domestic and international creators. Impressively,45 percent of the total submissions (提交) were from independent creators, with the youngest being just 11 years old, while professionals accounted for only 10.7 percent. “AIGC is changing the film industry by allowing ordinary people to create films,” stated Wang Lei. Wang Zimin, a 29- year- old journalism major, won the Best Creative Award with his film Illegal Report. In his film, a special group decides whether beings are considered as AI or human to prevent chaos. A significant challenge in AIGC filmmaking is shot continuity because many AIGC applications can only produce random video clips based on users’ order. As a result, characters often appear differently in following scenes. Wang Zimin explained his innovative solution: “To maintain continuity, I used unclear images to make the scenes smooth.” He added, “I dug into AI applications for just two months. AIGC tools are everywhere and user- friendly like Meitu.” According to Song Donghuan, a scriptwriter and founder of StoryStorm, a leading AIGC workshop, “AIGC filmmaking is accessible to everyone, with no barriers related to wealth or technology. The essential requirement is a strong desire to express themselves.” Song also highlighted the transformative impact of AI: “We are fortunate to live in the era of AL Now, the only limit to becoming a director is not the absence of a team, scenes or actors, but rather your own imagination.” 8．What can we know about the AIGC Short Film Unit at the 14th BJIFF? A．Chinese creators contributed to half of the films. B．Only 10.7 percent of the films were well- received. C．Most of the entries were made by non- professionals. D．Individuals age under 18 were disqualified to submit films. 9．What is one problem of using AIGC to make films according to the text? A．Unclear images at certain scenes. B．Lack of continuity between scenes. C．The limited AIGC tools in filmmaking. D．High costs for independent filmmakers. 10．Which is closest in meaning to “transformative” in the last paragraph? A．Short- termed. B．Negative. C．Predictable. D．Ground- breaking. 11．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．The Rise of Independent Filmmakers. B．Wang Zimin: A Rising Star in the Film Industry. C．A Revolutionary Era in Filmmaking: The Role of AI. D．The Development of Beijing International Film Festival. Passage 11 （陕西省西安市临潼区华清中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）The scientist’s job is to figure out how the world works, to “torture (拷问)” Nature to reveal her secrets, as the 17th century philosopher Francis Bacon described it. But who are these people in the lab coats (or sports jackets, or T-shirts and jeans) and how do they work? It turns out that there is a good deal of mystery surrounding the mystery-solvers. “One of the greatest mysteries is the question of what it is about human beings — brains, education, culture etc. that makes them capable of doing science at all,” said Colin Allen, a cognitive scientist at Indiana University. Two vital ingredients seem to be necessary to make a scientist: the curiosity to seek out mysteries and the creativity to solve them. “Scientists exhibit a heightened level of curiosity,” reads a 2007 report on scientific creativity. “They go further and deeper into basic questions showing a passion for knowledge for its own sake.” Max Planck, one of the fathers of quantum physics, once said, the scientist “must have a vivid and intuitive imagination, for new ideas are not generated by deduction (推论), but by an artistically creative imagination.” But others disagree with this universal scientific mind. They believe that scientists have special abilities that set them apart. Discovering these abilities may be hard, Allen thinks, as many scientists will be reluctant to reveal them and would prefer to preserve the mystery of creativity, fearing that if it became an object of study it would lose its magic. But for Allen, this is all part of a bigger question of what lies behind anyone’s behavior. “We are only just beginning to understand how the characteristics of organisms, including ourselves, aren’t the fixed products of either genes or of environment/culture, but each of us is the product of a continual interactive process in which we help build the environments that in turn shape us,” he said. “As long as our best technology for seeing inside the brain requires subjects to lie nearly motionless while surrounded by a giant magnet, we’re only going to make limited pro gress on these questions,” Allen said. 7．Why does the author mention Max Planck in paragraph 3? A．To introduce a famous scientist. B．To stress the role of creativity in science. C．To compare different views on science. D．To illustrate what is curiosity inscience. 8．What do Allen's words in the last two paragraphs suggest? A．Human behavior is changeable and unpredictable. B．We are passively influenced by our genes and culture. C．Our interaction with the environment makes us who we are. D．Current technology has revealed a lot about human behavior. 9．What is Allen’s attitude to the current study on the human brain? A．Cautious. B．Indifferent. C．Approving. D．Pessimistic. 10．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Who Are The Mystery-solvers B．Scientists Are Not Born But Made C．Great Mystery: What Makes A Scientist D．Solving Mysteries: Inside A Scientist's Mind Passage 12 （辽宁省葫芦岛市2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）Birds usually build their nests with sticks, leaves or grass. But do you know that birds are also building their nests with rubbish these years? The rubbish includes cigarette butts (烟头) and plastic bags. A group of European scientists looked into about 35,000 studies on bird nests. They found that birds have used man-made things in nests almost everywhere on Earth except Antarctica. Some rubbish seems to be helpful. This is why birds “like” putting it in their nests. For example, cigarette butts have a special smell, so they can keep insects away and protect the baby birds. Plastic bags are useful in keeping the animals warm, and other hard things, such as paper cards, can make nests stronger. However, in the end, human rubbish may only bring more harm to birds. The toxic chemicals in cigarettes hurt the baby birds. They may get sick or have shorter lives, according to a study. To make matters worse, if the cigarette still burns when the bird brings it back to its home, it may set fire to the nest. Pieces of fishing net may also trap birds, and it’s impossible for them to get out by themselves. If the baby birds eat other kinds of rubbish by accident, they will also get hurt. Our bird friends in the air are feeling the bad effects of humans polluting the environment. 8．What did the European scientists find? A．There is rubbish in the nests of many birds. B．Some people help birds build their nests. C．There is almost no bird living in Antarctica. D．Birds can help pick up rubbish. 9．What does the underlined word “toxic” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Smelly. B．Beneficial. C．Poisonous. D．Splendid. 10．How can cigarette butts “help” birds? A．They can burn other harmful rubbish. B．They can make nests stronger. C．They can keep birds warm. D．They can keep insects away. 11．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The harmful activities that humans have done to the environment. B．The harm that the environment brings to the wild animals. C．The reason why birds like using rubbish to build their nests. D．Human rubbish may bring more harm to birds. Passage 13 （江西省部分学校2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）Every time you charge your cell phone, you are benefiting from John Goodenough’s exceptional creativity. After being told that most scientists make their major discoveries long before they hit middle age Goodenough just set off to develop a battery technology that has made our modern life possible. Lithium (锂) batteries had been invented before. But Goodenough’s invention was a new kind of lithium battery that can store enough energy to power all sorts of electronics and is light and small enough to make them portable (便携式的). And, even better, such a battery would charge and recharge in a matter of minutes — all without exploding. Born in Jena, Germany in 1922, Goodenough grew up in the United States and majored in mathematics at Yale University and earned a Ph. D in physics from the University of Chicago. He began his career at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where his research laid the groundwork for development of random-access memory (RAM) for the digital computer. Goodenough was head of the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory at the University of Oxford in England when he made his lithium battery discovery. He joined the Texas University in 1986, and was still teaching and researching battery materials and engineering problems when he won the Nobel Prize in 2019. Trained in mathematics and physics, Goodenough, who eventually becomes a groundbreaking chemist and materials engineer, does not easily fit any existing classification(分类). “I would like the physicists to think I am a physicist, but I’m afraid they think I am a chemist and materials engineer. On the other hand, the chemists and materials engineers think I am a physicist,” he once joked. 4．What can we learn about John Goodenough from the first paragraph? A．He is the first person to invent lithium batteries. B．He made his major discovery at a relatively old age. C．He got a lot of support and help from the project leaders. D．He was considered an exceptionally successful young scientist. 5．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．Goodenough’s research plan. B．A new kind of battery material. C．Goodenough’s improvements. D．The advantages of lithium batteries. 6．Where did John Goodenough make his first lithium battery discovery? A．At the University of Oxford. B．At Yale University. C．At the University of Chicago. D．At the Texas University. 7．What did John Goodenough mean in the last paragraph? A．Majors are very important. B．He was not welcome anywhere. C．He was not a good physicist. D．It is not easy to classify his research. Passage 14 （吉林省“BEST合作体”2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）Parenting roles evolve from the full control and safekeeping of a young baby to the delicate dance between independence and guidance in adolescence (青春期). Eventually, our children become adults, and if we are lucky, we will have lifelong friendships with them. Play is a key element of friendship with children. With babies and very young children, we play with them, engaging in back-and-forth activities. They often start the game, and we join in. They pull us into play, and we love it. In the language of experts who research children from birth to 3 years old, we express delight in these interactions. But delight often hits a snag when our children learn how to say “no”. From this point onward — into adolescence — we focus on getting children to behave. We tend to be the parent, not the friend, often saying “because I said so”. Highlighting our role as taskmasters limits our parenting tools. If we can leave time and space for child-driven play and activities — without adult demands or expectations — we can return to delight. These friendly interactions expand our relationship with our children. It’s not the same as peer friendship, but we are being friends. Beyond play, the other foundational component of parent friendship is the child-directed conversation. Maintaining a friendly, non-judgmental standpoint in conversation with your kids can provide you with a world of trust and engagement. Being quiet and not saying anything are undervalued parenting tools. Instead, we can keep our ears open for informal chatter and then listen with intention and presence. And it’s usually best if we don’t offer ad vice unless asked for it. Being curious and compassionate and listening deeply to their stories and worries build emotional bonds, maintain communication, and produce trust, which sounds like friendship. In my experience as a child, a parent, and a child psychiatrist, I think we can be more than command-and-control. And I firmly believe that we can treat children with affection and respect, as companions. 28．What does the underlined word “snag” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Misjudgement. B．Demand. C．Challenge. D．Response. 29．What is a parent advised to do in a child-directed conversation? A．Be a deep listener. B．Start the topic of a talk. C．Never make any comments. D．Avoid any informal chatter. 30．What is the author’s attitude towards developing companionship with children? A．Doubtful. B．Approving. C．Unclear. D．Negative. 31．What is the suitable title for the text? A．Parent-child Friendship Bonds B．Lifelong Parent-child Relationship C．Fundamental Elements of Friendship D．Parenting Roles in Children’s Growth Passage 15 （黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学青冈实中2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）Anabela Malpique, an expert in handwriting from Murdoch University, Australia, urged (敦促，极力主张) parents to help their children move away from using phones and other devices to pencils and paper. “Research tells us in the primary years that kids need to spend more time developing handwriting skills,“ she said, “especially in the first three years of schooling to develop their hand-eye co-ordination (协调能力).” Handwriting is more important than typing on a keyboard for kids’ development in the first years of school. And parents need to support that under the guidance of the teachers. Therefore, NSW Primary Principals’ Association president Robyn Evans urged parents to improve their child’s fine coordinated skills before they enter a school through painting and cutting with scissors (剪刀). Now Australian schools require that in the NAPLAN test the third years must still write with a pen and paper in their final exams. Ella Losi, a handwriting coach, said she helped school-age children improve their writing, but when she taught university students, whose writing in exams was unreadable, she felt unbearable and annoyed. “Speed is important and so is legibility, but they seem unable to do that, eventually causing their failure in exams and even in communication,” said Ella Losi. A NSW Education Standards Authority spokeswoman said students learn handwriting from kindergarten to Year 2. And by Year 4 they are required to write fluently and consistently when composing sentences and texts. While digital technology, including keyboards, was used from kindergarten to Year 10, teachers make decisions about how digital technology is used in class. Mum Jvala Nolan, whose five-year-old twins started kindergarten this week, said she forced them to do a page or two of handwriting at home regularly, instead of using tablets. She said, “I know there’s a lot of typing in school now, but handwriting has more structure and it teaches them co-ordination.” 8．How is the first paragraph developed? A．By stating facts. B．By conveying a lesson C．By showing an example. D．By listing the research result. 9．Why is handwriting vital to preschool kids according to the text? A．It may help them get good marks in exams. B．It can prepare them for further development. C．It can equip them with fine coordinated skills. D．It may enable them to speed their writing response. 10．What does the underlined word “legibility” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Good performance. B．Clear and readable writing. C．Proper but unique printing. D．Smooth and effective communication. 11．Why is Jvala Nolan mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To state that using tablets to type should be banned. B．To present how parents train their kids’ handwriting. C．To offer the reason why handwriting is more important. D．To show parents have attached importance to kids’ handwriting. Passage 16 （河北省河北名校联盟2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）After Miles Fetherston-Resch learned that sharks were in trouble, he was confused by how people treated the oceans and the creatures that lived in them. “I saw a polluted beach,” he said. “The adults are doing something about it. Why can’t I?” With the help of his mom, Miles then started an organization called Kids Saving Oceans. What started with $13 from his piggy bank as a 6-year-old boy has grown to $26,000 raised for ocean conservation (保护). He would sell things like hats, T-shirts and water bottles made out of recycled materials for a good cause. Before he turned 18, he wanted to raise $1million for ocean conservation organizations. Miles, now 12, is in the business of saving oceans. Miles has even met with leaders in Washington, D．C． and helped co-write a book called Kids Saving Oceans: Olivia Makes a Difference. “It’s about a kid named Olivia and she doesn’t want to just help her dad in the kitchen. She wants to change the world a little bit so she does her research and finds out the oceans are in trouble. She starts with a basic beach cleanup and it rockets off from there,” Miles said. Madeline Stoddard, Miles’ teacher, said other students in her classroom were inspired by Miles. “It shows that it doesn’t matter how young you are. Everyone can do something to create change,” Madeline said. Miles lives in Florida now. He has loved the ocean for as long as he can remember. He said, “Getting into conservation was just kind of personal to me.” But to other kids who want to do this kind of work, he said, “If you have an idea, go for it. The worst thing you can do is have it not work out. And that’s not a loss.” 24．Why was the Kids Saving Oceans established? A．To save animals. B．To make big money. C．To protect the oceans. D．To influence the adults. 25．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．Olivia was too busy to help her dad. B．Miles and Olivia have the same goal. C．The book is about recycled materials. D．Olivia failed to save the oceans at first. 26．Which of the following can best describe Miles? A．Confident and active. B．Friendly and graceful. C．Inspiring and curious. D．Patient and successful. 27．What does the author want to tell us in the last paragraph? A．Every cloud has a silver lining. B．The early bird catches the worm. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．Nothing risked, nothing gained. Passage 17 （广东省广州市越秀区广中2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）The Golden Gate Bridge was the longest bridge in the world from 1937 when it was completed (完成) until the Verrazano Narrows Bridge was built in New York in 1964.Today,it is still the ninth longest bridge in the world. For many years before the Golden Gate Bridge was built，the only way to get across San Francisco Bay was by ship.And by the early twentieth century the Bay was crowded because of them. In the 1920s, engineer and bridge-builder Joseph Strauss believed that a bridge should be built across the Golden Gate to solve the problem. Many groups went against him，each for their own selfish reasons.Besides，the engineering challenge was also huge — the Golden Gate Bridge area often has winds of up to 60 miles per hour，and strong ocean currents (洋流) sweep below the surface.If all that weren’t enough，it was the middle of the Great Depression,and funds were hard to find. Strauss didn't give up, and the Golden Gate Bridge history began when San Francisco officials approved＄35 million to build the Golden Gate Bridge.After the artistic design and red color were chosen, construction work began in 1933.The Golden Gate Bridge project was completed in 1937，an important date in San Francisco history. Strauss was a pioneer in building safety.The Bay Bridge，which was being built at the same time cost 24 lives while the Golden Gate Bridge cost only 12，a great achievement in a period of time when one man was killed on most construction projects for every million spent. 8．What do we know about the Golden Gate Bridge? A．It is of the same age as the Verrazano Narrows Bridge. B．There are only 8 bridges worldwide longer than it now. C．It remained the world’s longest bridge for 30 years. D．It was the widest bridge worldwide when completed. 9．Why did Strauss want to build the Golden Gate Bridge？ A．To prove his artistic ability. B．To build the world's longest bridge. C．To solve traffic jams at San Francisco Bay. D．To make crossing San Francisco Bay possible. 10．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The necessity for building the bridge. B．The hard time of the Great Depression. C．The bad weather in the Golden Gate Bridge area. D．The difficulties in building the Golden Gate Bridge. 11．Which of the following words can best describe Strauss？ A．Strong—minded (意志坚强的). B．Warm—hearted. C．Honest. D．Patient. Passage 18 （北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）For years, scientists have been trying to figure out whether “brain workouts” such as puzzles (字谜) and online cognitive games could strengthen our minds and slow the process of aging. Now, a study has found that regularly attempting a crossword may help slow decline in some people with mild cognitive impairment (障碍), an early stage of faltering memory that can sometimes progress to dementia (痴呆症). While the study didn't investigate whether crosswords benefit younger adults who are not dealing with cognitive decline, it suggests that keeping your mind active as you age may benefit your brain. And the research offers hope to those diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment that they may be able to stave off further declines in the memory, language problems and decision-making that are the hallmark of the condition. The American Academy of Neurology estimates that mild cognitive impairment affects about 8 percent of people ages 65 to 69; 10 percent of people ages 70 to 74; 15 percent of people ages 75 to 79; 25 percent of those ages 80 to 84; and about 37 percent of people 85 and older. The research, which was funded by the National Institute on Aging, recruited 107 adults ages 55 to 95 with mild cognitive impairment. For 12 weeks, they were all asked to play one of two types of games, four times a week—spending either 30 minutes on Lumosity, a popular cognitive training platform, or 30 minutes attempting a digital crossword. After 12 weeks, the participants were reevaluated and given "booster" doses of game play six more times during the 78-week experiment. By the end of the study, participants were given standard assessments used to measure cognitive decline, and friends and family reported on their day-to-day functioning. MRI scans also were used to measure brain volume changes. Researchers found that in key measurements—cognitive decline scores, functional skills and brain volume changes—the regular crossword players fared better than the game players. The finding surprised the scientists behind the study who had expected that challenging web-based brain games, which were specifically designed to boost cognitive function, would offer the most benefit. “Our study shows that in people with mild cognitive impairment, crossword puzzles beat the computerized games on multiple metrics, ” said Murali Doraiswamy, a co-author of the study. “So, if you have mild cognitive impairment, which is different from normal aging, then the recommendation would be to keep your brain active with crossword puzzles.” People with higher degrees of cognitive impairment appeared to benefit the most from doing the crossword, which was designed to be a moderately difficult puzzle comparable to the Thursday game. The study has limitations. Some of the participants may have just been more familiar with crosswords and that's why they responded better to the puzzles than to Lumosity's computer games. More years of follow-up also are needed to determine whether interventions such as crossword puzzles can “truly prevent dementia,” Doraiswamy said. 27．What does the underlined phrase "stave off" in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Promote. B．Prevent. C．Experience. D．Cause. 28．Paragraph 4 is written to_________. A．show a concerning condition B．compare different groups C．present real-life examples D．prove an assumption 29．What can we learn from the passage? A．One's degree of cognitive impairment depends on how old he is. B．Solving crossword puzzles is a recommendation to elderly people. C．The efficiency of puzzles in preventing dementia has been proved. D．Crosswords' effects are linked to how serious cognitive impairment is. 30．What makes the findings of the study far from conclusive? A．The lack of variables. B．The weaknesses of assessments. C．The insufficiency of time span. D．The subjects' preference for games. Passage 19 （陕西省宝鸡市渭滨区2023-2024学年高一下学期期末） Travel the World Virtually-Leave home without leaving home Have you ever longed to take a trip, but you just don’t have the time or the financial resources? If so, consider touring via virtual reality (VR), which has embraced tourism with open arms. This innovative technology is reshaping the way people experience destinations by breaking down geographical barriers and providing unique journeys. An AI tour is cost-effective and allows you to see the world without leaving the comfort of your living room. You might argue that you don’t have a VR headset, but no matter. Two travel styles are available: monoscopic and stereoscopic. Monoscopic VR videos can be viewed on a mobile phone or a computer. By clicking on or dragging across the screen to rotate (旋转) the field of view, you are able to explore an entire area. Stereoscopic VR videos use VR headsets that make you feel as if you were actually present at a destination. The software in the headsets tracks your head movement, so by just turning your head, you can explore each new scene in a more realistic way. No matter which method you choose to “travel,” these virtual travel experiences aim to give you a credible experience. Besides inspecting an area that you might want to visit but can’t, you can virtually preview a place and make more informed decisions about it. You’re able to clearly see the exact location of a hotel or the distance from it to surrounding attractions. Make no mistake, travel agencies, hotels and destination marketing organizations are using this tool to their advantage. By creating virtual experiences, businesses can amaze their audience and arouse interest in specific destinations or accommodations. VR in tourism goes beyond leisure; it also plays a vital role in education and cultural preservation. By digitally documenting, archiving (把……归档) and sharing its information, the nonprofit CyArk is aiding in the preservation of endangered cultural heritage sites through VR exploration. To foster a broader understanding of the world, students can now take virtual field trips to formerly inaccessible historical sites and cultural landmarks. 24．Which of the following is NOT the advantage of touring via virtual reality? A．reasonable expenses B．geographical limits C．pre-trip decisions D．cultural awareness 25．Which one of the following is the characteristic of stereoscopic? A．You can explore the entire area on your phone. B．You can actually be present at your destination. C．You can explore each new scene by dragging across the screen. D．The software in the headsets is necessary and helpful. 26．VR in tourism can benefit the following except ______? A．travel enthusiasts with a tight schedule B．disabled people with accessibility challenges C．tourism-related businesses D．students eager to experience practical field trips 27．Where can you probably find the passage? A．a geography text book B．a tourist advertisement C．a scientific website D．a health guide handbook Passage 20 （山东省潍坊青州市一中2023-2024学年高一下学期期末）Killer whales are mama’s boys. A son will follow his mother, taking bits of fish and other food, throughout his life, even as his sisters grow up and have babies of their own. This neediness comes at a significant cost to mom, who gives up having additional children to look after her boy, according to a new study. Michael Weiss has observed the mother-son bond in killer whale groups off the Pacific coast of North America. “It’s kind of wild,” says the behavioral ecologist. These animals live for decades, yet even fully grown males “act like little kids around their mom, rolling around and swimming right beside and behind her like they're still babies”. Weiss wanted to know whether these high-maintenance children came at a cost — particularly, whether they hurt a mother’s ability to raise more children. He and colleagues studied 40 years’ worth of data on three Pacific pods (小群动物), social groups typically consisting of a couple dozen killer whale mothers and sons that traveled and hunted fish together. Sure enough, the team found a “huge effect”, Weiss says. In a given year, mothers of sons were less than half as likely to have another baby as were childless females or mothers of daughters. Strikingly, both a 3-year-old son and an 18-year-old son lowered their mom’s chances of having more children, Weiss says. The researchers suggest mom’s favoritism toward her boys developed because of the particular social structure of these pods. When a daughter gives birth, her babies stay in the same group as her and her mom and therefore compete with the rest for food and attention. By contrast, a son doesn’t bring more mouths into the group — he mates with females in passing pods who then go on to raise children in their own social units. His kids are thus “someone else’s problem”, Weiss explains. So, it makes sense for mom to give more energy to him than to his sisters if she wants as many grandchildren as possible with the least competition. The team didn’t establish exactly how sons prevented their mothers from having more babies. Weiss says he hopes to do more research across populations, and in different species of whales. But now, killer whales remain an extreme example of parental care across the animal kingdom. “In other animals,” he says, “at some point, you just stop relying on your mom as much.” 8．What can we learn about a mother killer whale’s chance of having more babies? A．It is independent of her son’s age. B．A mother of a son won’t have another baby. C．A mother of daughters has the least chance. D．It changes with the social structure of the pod. 9．What can be inferred from the research? A．Male killer wales can’t grow fully. B．Male killer wales are precious in their social structure. C．Baby killer wales live with their grandmother. D．Baby killer wales compete against their father for food. 10．Why do mother killer whales favor their boys? A．To increase the pod’s population. B．To compete with other pods. C．To gain support from boys. D．To save food. 11．What does Weiss think of the mother-son bond in killer whale groups? A．It is extremely rare in nature. B．It shows that killer whales have feelings. C．It doesn’t exist in other species of whales. D．It slows male killer whales’ development. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$