Unit 5 Into the Unknown Starting out & Understanding ideas 课件-2024-2025学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册

B7U5 Into the unknown Starting out&Understanding ideas 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown 1 Into the Unknown What came to your mind first when you saw the title? an unexplored region? unexplained phenomenon? something we can't explain? ... ? 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown 2. How were these explained in the past? What are the scientific explanations behind them? watch the video, and answer the questions 1. What natural phenomena are mentioned in the video? Starting out 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown watch the video, and answer the questions the earthquake the solar eclipse (日食) thunder and lightning the mirage (海市蜃楼) 1. What natural phenomena are mentioned in the video? Starting out 2. How were these explained in the past? What are the scientific explanations behind them? 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown Native Americans used to believe that earthquakes were caused by a struggle between a large bird, called the Thunderbird, and a whale. An ancient Japanese belief was that earthquakes were caused by the movements of a giant catfish that carried the world on its back. Scientists now know that earthquakes are actually caused by the movement of tectonic plates. For the earthquake 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown In many cultures, there were ancient beliefs that solar eclipses were caused by a creature eating the Sun. In Vietnam, that creature was a giant frog, in Norway, a wolf, and in China, it was a huge dog. In fact, solar eclipses happen when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, temporarily blocking the Sun’s light. For the solar eclipse 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown In Medieval Europe, people thought that supernatural forces caused thunder and lightning. It was a sign of bad times ahead. For thunder and lightning Modern science tells us that lightning is an electric charge moving between clouds, or between clouds and the earth. Thunder is a shock wave of sound caused by lightning. 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown In Ancient China, people believed that this was actually caused by the breath of a dragon. For the mirage These days, people know that a “mirage” happens when layers of air with varying temperatures cause light to bend. 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown 1. What do you know about these mysteries? 2. What other unsolved mysteries do you know of? 3. Which of these do you most want to investigate? 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown Atlantis Atlantis is a legendary city, which is described in the work of the Greek philosopher Plato. The story of Atlantis with its fabulously（难以置信的） wealthy and advanced civilisation which was swept into the sea to be lost for ever has captured the imagination of readers for over two millennia（千年）. 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown Nazca lines (纳斯卡线条) The Nazca Lines are a collection of giant geometric（几何图形的） patterns and animal shapes. Drawn into the landscapes of southern Peru, the majority of the lines are believed to be the work of the Nazca people around 1AD to 700. Designated（定名为） a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994, numerous studies and theories have so far not explained the reason why the lines were created. 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown Tunguska event （通古斯大爆炸） Tunguska event, enormous explosion that is estimated to have occurred at 7: 14 am plus or minus one minute on 30 June 1908, at an altitude of 5-10 kilometres, flattening some 2,000 square kilometres and charring（使烧焦） more than 100 square kilometres of pine forest near the Podkamennaya Tunguska River in Central Siberia, Russia. 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown Black hole A black hole is a region of space-time exhibiting gravitational acceleration（重力加速度） so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape from it. 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown Understanding Ideas 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown What do you know about these ancient civilisations? What might be the reasons behind the collapse? What other ancient civilisations do you know of? Share what you know with the class. Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Do further research if necessary. 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown Four ancient civilisations are universally known by the world, such as Ancient India, Ancient Babylon, Ancient Egypt and Ancient China. What do you know about these ancient civilisations? 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown Ancient Greece has a long history which was made up of many Greek city-states. The ancient Greeks believed in gods, goddesses, and magical creatures. The Greeks built temples to honor their gods. They told wonderful myths about their gods. Ancient Greece 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown Ancient Babylon was a massive walled city, and everyone lived inside the walled city. Laws of Babylon were famous. To ensure that the laws were followed by everyone, one of the kings of Babylon had the laws written down on stone so that everyone would be treated equally under the law. Ancient Babylon 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown Ancient Egypt had advanced science and technology for the time. Ancient Egyptians built a lot of grand Pyramids, which were the tombs of their kings. Ancient Egyptians left many works of art, which reflected the collective effort. The colors of the paintings in the rock tombs looked fresh and vivid. Ancient Egypt 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown 2. What might be the reasons behind their collapse? It might be the wars that led to their collapse. They were conquered by other empires. 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown Besides, Ancient Roman play an important part on ancient civilisations. 3. What other ancient civilisations do you know of? Share what you know with the class. 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown Choose the topic sentences and write them back to the passage. a Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century. b But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities. c Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people. d Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya. e Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future. f Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people themselves may have played a part in their downfall. 2 3 1 5 6 4 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown The mysteries of the Maya Para. 1: Introduce the topic Para. 2: the ____________ of Maya civilisation Para. 3: the __________ of Maya civilisation Para. 4-5: The _______ for the disappearance of Maya Civilisation Para. 4: _________ causes Para. 5: _________ causes Para. 6: the mysteries of Maya Civilisation remain to be _______ achievements decline reasons human natural solved The structure of The text 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown The power of the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation among people Intrigued by Maya civilisation from a very young age, 15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible discovery from his study of ancient star charts. Para. 1 Through comparison, he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars. Based on this , he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle. 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown Maya civilisation location Extending south from parts of what we now know as Mexico into Central America Impressive buildings What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. Para. 2 representative step pyramids 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown The Maya`s understanding of mathematics and astronomy was also quite amazing. They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar, which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year. Maya calendar 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time: a true writing system. It contained more than 800 characters, with some signs representing animals , people and objects and others representing syllables. Maya writing system It was a writing system so complicated that, so far, no one has been able to interpret it completely. 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious . By 700 AD, Maya civilisation was at its peak. But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities. Within just a couple of generations, it began to mysteriously decline. The cities were left to be taken back by the jungle. Para. 3 Incredible and mysterious prosperity of Maya 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown Human causes for the collapse of Maya Was it a natural disaster? A deadly disease? Conflicts between cities? Or was it a combination of several different factors? They had turned wetlands into fields for growing grains, and had dug huge canal systems. As their population expanded, yet more land was needed for agriculture and more trees for construction. Para. 4 By changing the landscape in this way, it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters. 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown These droughts would have led to food shortages, conflicts and , ultimately, the downfall of the cities. Natural causes for the downfall of the cities Some recent studies have found that there were far fewer tropical cyclones than usual between 700 AD and 1000 AD. This is likely to have led to a series of droughts, each lasting for a couple of years, including a “ megadrought” around 900 AD. Para. 5 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown Para. 6 Whatever the reasons, Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle. Its once-great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people to solve. What should we learn from Maya civilisation 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown Meanwhile , the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future. 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown MAYA CIVILISATION Time Organise information from the passage and complete the file of Maya civilisation. Location Possible reasons for collapse around 1800 BC to 1100 AD from ___________ to _________________ 1 human causes - reduced the ability to deal with _______________ __________________________ __________________________ huge expansion of the ___________ 2 natural causes- a series of ________ between 700 AD and 1000 AD,each __________________________. Mexico Central America natural disasters turning wetlands into fields digging huge canal systems population droughts lasting for a couple of years 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown mathematics calendar writing system wheels, metal tools or even animal power disappeared 1. What is the author’s purpose in starting the passage with the story about William Gadoury? 2. What other things do you think could destroy a civilisation? Share an example with the class? 3. What lessons can you learn from the collapse of Maya civilisation? How can this information help the development of today’s society? Think & Share The story about William Gadoury shows how the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation have captured people’s imaginations. Maybe the wars. Ancient Greece was conquered by the Roman Empire. We can’t destroy the balance of the ecosystem. Humans should live in harmony with nature. Only if we care for nature can we better protect our living environment. 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown 38 smart expressions 1. 和……一致 2. 以……为基础 3. 被……包围 4. 把……应用到……中 5. 更加 6. ……的结合 7. 避开……；从……处脱身 8. 出发，动身 9. 以不同的速度 10. 衰落，败落 correspond to be based on be surrounded by apply...to... all the more a combination of steer clear of set out at different rates fall into ruin 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown smart expressions 11. 避免做，不愿做 12. 积极投入到……中 13. 再三考虑，谨慎考虑 14. 逃跑，逃走 shrink from throw oneself into think twice make a gateway 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown 1. Intrigued by Maya civilisation from a very young age, 15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible discovery from his study of ancient star charts. 15岁的加拿大人William Gadoury自幼便对玛雅文明着迷，他认为自己通过研究古老星象图有了惊人发现。 过去分词短语作原因状语 Sentence pattern 2. Its once-great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people to solve. 曾经恢宏的城市沦为废墟，留下各种谜团等待后人解开。 现在分词短语作结果状语 fall into ruin: to get damaged or destroyed because no one is taking care of it 陷入毁灭; 破败不堪 e.g. In 1685 the castle was burnt by the Duke of Argyll and fell into ruin. 42 3. Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future. 同时，玛雅文明的崛起与衰落必定也让我们思考自己的过去、现在与将来。 leave +宾语+宾补 使某人 / 某物保持……状态 e.g. Never leave children playing near water unattended. 43 4. What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. 这些复杂建筑最非凡之处在于，在没有使用机轮、金属工具甚至畜力的情况下，玛雅人是如何建造它们的。 what引导主语从句 how引导表语从句 5. On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americans at that time: a true writing system. 除此之外，还有一项当时美洲独有的成就：一个真正的文字系统。 介词短语放句首，句子倒装 形容词短语作后置定语 同位语，解释achievement 45 6. It was a writing system so complicated that, so far, no one has been able to interpret it completely. 这种文字系统很复杂，以至于到目前为止没有人可以将其完全解读。 that引导结果状语从句 46 7. The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious. But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities. Paraphrase: The achievements of the Maya are particularly amazing and difficult to explain because they were made without the use of modern tools or advanced technology. But the greatest mystery of all is the reason why the Maya left most of their great cities. that引导的同位语从句，说明fact what引导的表语从句 玛雅社会的科技水平十分原始，这一事实使得玛雅的种种成就更加令人难以置信、神秘莫测。但最大的谜团是为何玛雅人抛弃了绝大部分的大城市。 47 8. Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle. 据此，他相信自己发现了一座隐藏于丛林深处的未知玛雅城市的位置。 省略了that引导的宾语从句，作believed的宾语 过去分词短语作定语，修饰an unknown Maya city，相当于定语从句that was buried deep in the jungle。 Read the passage and find out the possible reasons for the disappearance of Maya civilisation. The way that the Maya people changed the landscape around them may have been one of the reasons behind the disappearance of their civilisation. Turning wetlands into fields for growing grains, digging huge canal systems and cutting down more trees for construction reduced their ability to cope with natural disasters. When those natural disasters, such as droughts, stuck, the Maya would have faced food shortages, conflicts and, eventually, the downfall of their cities. 外研2019版选择性必修第四册 Unit5 Into the unknown 49 Lavf58.29.100 Bilibili VXCode Swarm Transcoder v0.3.42_sync_fix $$