专题02 非谓语动词（考点串讲）-2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末考点大串讲（外研版2019）

专题02 非谓语动词 01 02 不定式 主语|宾语|表语|定语|状语|补语 动名词 主语|宾语|表语|定语 单句语法填空|语法填空 分词 表语|定语|状语|补语 06 针对训练 03 目录 目录 CONTENTS 1 不定式 1 PART ONE 1 3 非谓语动词的否定式均为not+非谓语动词 1 4 不定式(主、宾、表、定、状、补) 主动(vt.) 被动(vt.) 主动(vi.) 被动(vi.) 一般式 to do to be done to do / 进行式 to be doing / to be doing / 完成式 to have done to have been done to have done / 1 5 动词不定式 不定式是指带 to 的动词原形( 使用中有时不带 to ) (一) 作主语 To see is to believe. To see you is glad.=It is glad to see you. （二）作宾语 I want to see you. （三）作表语 My hope is to see you. 1 6 (四) 作定语 1. 动词不定式与其修的词之间往往有动宾关系, 如果该不定式是不及物动词, 其后有必要的介词。例如： He's pleasant fellow to work with. There's nothing to worry about. 2. 有些名词后常跟不定式作定语。 例如: time, reason, chance, right,  ability, willingness, need, anxiety, wish, plan等。 Women should have the right to receive education. There is no time to hesitate. 3. the first, the second, the last, the best 等之后用不定式做定语。 The monitor will be the first to come. He was the last man to blame. 1 7 (五) 作状语 1. 作目的状语: He went to Shanghai to visit his parents. To save the earth, we must prevent the earth from being polluted. I shut the door quietly, so as not to wake the baby. 2. 作结果状语: We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy. She left home, never to return again. 3. 作原因状语: 不定式做原因状语时, 一般放在句子末尾。 She burst into laughter to see his funny action. The boy was shocked to see the frightening scene. 1 （六）作补语 Our English teacher asks us to read some English novels . I heard her (to) sing in her room. 省略不定式符号to，但是在被动语态中需要还原to 省略不定式符号to有以下动词： 使役动词：have, let, make 感官动词：notice, observe, see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel, help等 1 动名词 2 PART TWO 1 10 主 动 (vt.) 被 动 (vt. ) 主 动(vi.) 被 动 (vi.) 一 般式 doing being done doing / 完 成式 having done having been done having done / 动名词（主、宾、定、表） 1 11 动名词 1. Playing football is my favourite sport. 主语 2. Our work is serving the people. 表语 3. I remember being taken to Wuhan when I was a very small child. 宾语 4. We have a swimming poor in the back yard. 定语 1 12 动名词与不定式作主语，表语的区别 动名词作主语时往往表示一般性的、习惯性的动作； 而不定式作主语则表示在具体情况下特定的或一次性的动作。但有时可以通用。 1 13 只能用动名词作宾语的动词 1.advise, allow, avoid, admit, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practise, risk, suggest, appreciate 2.feel like, give up, put off, keep on, look forward to ,insist on , can’t help ,get used to ,devote …to 3.It’s useless/no use/no good… doing … 1 14 下列动词后跟动名词或不定式意思完全不同。 1.remember,forget, regret + doing 记得/忘记/遗憾曾做过某事 + to do记得/忘记/遗憾要做某事 2.want,need,require +doing 需要被做 +to do 需要做 3.stop,try, mean,go on go on to do 接着又做另一件事/go on doing 继续做同一件事 stop to do 停下来去做某事/stop doing 停止做某事 try to do 努力做某事/try doing 试一试做某事 mean to do 打算／想做某事/mean doing 意味着／意思是做某事 1 分词 3 PART THREE 1 16 主 动 (vt.) 被 动 (vt. ) 主 动(vi.) 被 动 (vi.) 一 般式 doing being done doing / 完 成式 having done having been done having done / 现在分词(present participle) （定、表、状、补） 1 17 1. 作定语 an interesting book the man sitting by the window boiling water falling snow the bridge being built A. 与动名词作定语的区别 1 18 动名词作定语表名词的作用或功能， 现在分词作定语表名词正在进行的动作。 现在分词 动名词 a sleeping child一个正在睡觉的孩子 a sleeping car一辆卧车 a flying bird一只正在飞翔的鸟 a flying course飞行课程 a swimming girl一个正在游泳的女孩 a swimming pool一个游泳池 the running water自来水 the running track跑道 1 19 B. 与过去分词,不定式 作定语的区别 ①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系或过去分词表示的动作以完成。 ②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。 ③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。 eg. The house (being built/to be built/built) is our bath. 正在被建/将要被建/建好了的房子 1 20 boiling water 正在沸腾的水 boiled water 开水 the changing world 变化中的世界 the changed world 变化了的世界 the developing countries 发展中国家 the developed countries 发达国家 falling leaves 正在落下的叶子 fallen leaves 落叶 rising sun 正在升起的太阳 risen sun 已经升起的太阳 1 21 2. 作表语 与过去分词作表语的区别 凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式， 凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。 1 22 interesting使人感兴趣的 interested感兴趣的 　　exciting令人激动的 excited感到激动的 　　delighting令人高兴的 delighted感到高兴的 　　disappointing令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的 　　encouraging令人鼓舞的 encouraged感到鼓舞的 　　pleasing令人愉快的 pleased感到愉快的 　　puzzling令人费解的 puzzled感到费解的 　　satisfying令人满意的 satisfied感到满意的 　　surprising令人惊异的 surprised感到惊异的 　　worrying令人担心的 worried感到担心的 1 23 现在分词与动名词作表语的区别: My job is teaching. The film is touching. Teaching is my job. 1 24 3.作状语 1 .Seeing the teacher entering the room, the students stood up. 2. Being a student, he was interested in sports. 3. Having written the letter, John went to the post office. 现在分词作状语时，注意如下三点： 相当于相应的从句 分词的逻辑主语就是全句的主语 现在分词作状语时有不同的时态与语态 1 25 (1)表示时间 Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view. 强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时, 现在分词之前可用连词when或while: When leaving the airport, they waved again and again to us. While flying over the Channel, the pilot saw what he thought to be a meteorite. (2)表示原因 Being sick, I stayed at home. She caught cold sitting on the grass. (3)表示条件 Adopting this method, we will raise the average yield by 40 percent. Turning to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage. 1 26 (4)表示让步 Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasn't tried her  best. (5)表示结果 It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country. It rained for two weeks on end, completely ruining our holiday. (6)表示方式或伴随情况 He ran up to her breathing heavily. Please fill in the form, giving your name, address, etc. 1 27 4.作补语 Can you get the machine going again? The boys were seen walking on the grass. 1 28 过去分词（定、表、状、补） (一)作定语 1.Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. =Most of the people who were invited to the party were famous scientists. 2.If I had the chance, I would have a cloned baby. =If I had the chance, I would have a baby who is cloned. 1 过去分词作定语时，它和被修饰的词是逻辑上的被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。 1 1. Polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health. 2. I think the scientific advances mentioned in your article are interesting. 3. Is there anything unsolved? 单个分词作定语时，放在所修饰词之前；分词短语则放在之后。 1 及物动词的过去分词可以表示被动含义；不及物的过去分词则表示完成。过去分词有时只表示被动，有时只表示完成，但多数情况下既表示被动又表示完成． 1 作表语 1.Tom sounds very much interested in the job,but I’m not sure whether he can manage it. 2.He seems quite delighted at the news. 3.The glass is broken.(系表结构) 表示主语的特点或所处的状态。很多过去分词已完全具备形容词的特征。 1 33 delighting令人高兴的-delighted感到高兴的 disappointing令人失望的-disappointed感到失望的 encouraging令人鼓舞的-encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的-pleased感到愉快的 satisfying令人满意的-satisfied感到满意的 surprising令人惊异的-surprised感到惊异的 worrying令人担心的-worried感到担心的 tiring令人疲倦的- tired感到疲倦的 boring 令人厌烦的-bored 感到厌烦的 1 作宾补 1.He felt his face lost before his friends. 2.My family heard my poem broadcast by the BBC. 3. I want this work finished by tomorrow. 4. Will you please make yourself known to us, please? 5. You should keep them informed of what is going on here. 6. I will never get all this work finished. 1 Tips: 过去分词作宾补常用于以下情况： 1.用在表示感觉或心理状态词语:feel,hear,see,notice,observe,watch等。 2. 使役动词的词语：leave,make, get,have,keep等。 1 作状语 1.Tired after the trip, he soon fell asleep. 2.Given more time, I would have worked out the problem. 3.Lost in thought, he almost ran into a car. 4.The teacher came in, followed by some students. 5.Seen from the hill, the city looks like a garden. 1 He will not come unless invited. Though told to stop, he kept on walking. I’m doing my homework as requested. 过去分词作状语时，前面常有unless,when, if, while, though, as if 等连词，这样就能使过去分词短语所表示 的意思更加明确。 温馨提示 1 过去分词和现在分词作状语的区别： When asked why he cheated in the English exam, he kept silent. When talking of her lovely daughter, she was in high spirits. 注意： 不管是现在分词作状语，还是过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语需和主句的主语保持一致，如果分词与主句主语是主动关系，即选用现在分词作状语，如果与主句主语的关系是被动的 关系，就用过去分词作状语． 1 独立结构： 在用分词短语作状语时，它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致，但有时它可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称之为独立结构． Weather permitting (If weather permits), we’ll go for a walk. Everything prepared (When everything was prepared), we began to carry out the project. The teacher being ill (As the teacher was ill), the lecture was put off. The boy stood there, his right hand raised (and his right hand was raised/with his right hand raised. 1 有些常见的短语常在句中作独立成分。这些短语有: 1. to be honest / to begin (start) with/ to be frank with you/to be honest/ to be brief 2. generally speaking/ strictly speaking/ judging from/talking of/ taking sth. into consideration 3. given (that) 考虑到，鉴于／granted(granting)that　如果，假如/ provided(providing)(that)　如果，假如/suppose(supposing)that假设，设想/assuming(that)假定/considering鉴于，考虑到/ concerning关于/ regarding关于，至于/ including/包括 respecting关于 1 针对训练 1 秘方 找到动词 --- 辨别谓语、非谓语动词 找找对象--- 找到逻辑主语 确定关系 --- 判断主被动，分析形式 时间先后 --- 与谓语动词的时间先后 1 Ⅰ. 单句语法填空 1._____________ (make) it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand. 2. When_____________ ( teach) English, whether to children or adults, you have to be very creative to keep their interest. 3. Don’t leave that man over there _____________  (wait) outside and show him in now. 4.  _____________ (consist) of chewy handmade noodles and flavorful and clear soup, shaved a beef deep red chili oil and lots of characteristic ingredients, Lanzhou Beef Noodles has received a large number of votes from Chinese citizens. 5. A stone tablet(牌匾) _____________ (date) back to the year 1693, which falls within the Qing Dynasty(1644—1911), was discovered in Daming County, north China’s Hebei Province, said local authorities. To make teaching waiting Consisting dating 目录 1 8. The study further strengthens the evidence _____________ (link) smoking with early death. 9. ____________ (compare) with those who are always complaining, people with an active attitude to life live longer. 10. ____________ (commit) to supporting the students seeking jobs, we will do some actions. 11. There is something wrong with my father’s computer. ‘ He wants to have someone to check it and have it____________ (repair). 12. ____________ (equip) with the relevant knowledge and skills, he has strong faith in finding a good job. linking Compared Committed repaired Equipped 目录 1 单句填空（B组） 1.New technologies have made it possible____________(turn) out new products faster and at a lower cost. 2．（山东卷改编）The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult____________(tell) one from the other. 3．（北京卷改编）Volunteering gives you a chance______________(change) lives,including your own. 4．（2020·新高考I卷改编）People want to listen to someone who is _____________ (interest),relaxed and comfortable. 5. Landing on the moon's far side is extremely_______________(challenge). to turn to tell to change interesting challenging 目录 1 6．（2020·新高考I卷改编）After high school，Jennifer attended a local technical college, ______________（work） to pay her tuition（学费），because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. 7．（2020·全国卷I改编）One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow（发光）in experiments ________(use)some common vegetables. 8．（天津卷改编）The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _____________(allow) more patients to be treated. 9．（北京卷改编）__________ (order) over a week ago,the books are expected to arrive any time now. 10. __________(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow,he had a long,hard road to becomin working using allowing Ordered Raised 目录 1 Ⅱ. 语法填空 用括号内动词的正确形式完成下面短文。 One of the workers in Africa’s largest wildlife preserve says the last time an elephant in the Niassa Reserve 1. ___________ (record)killed by a poacher (偷猎者) was on May 17, 2018. “The drastic decline in poached elephants is owed to a new rapid-intervention police force,” said Joe Walston,2. _____ local official. “Any one of those things alone isn’t going to be successful, which is why it has taken so long to be able 3. ________ (get) us to a point 4. ________ we’ve been able to get poaching under control,” Walston told CNN. to get a was recorded where 目录 1 5. ________ (situate) in a remote region of northern Mozambique, the Niassa Reserve has seen thousands of animals killed in recent years. The rapid-intervention police force is better 6. ________ (arm) than the reserve’s normal rangers and has rights 7. ________ (arrest) suspected poachers. Walston said that the ability 8. ________ (make) arrests is important 9. ________(prevent) poachers from 10. ________ (come) to the reserve. to make to get to arrest Situated coming to prevent 目录 1 Thank you! 目录 1 $$