考题猜想01 阅读理解【期末必刷20篇】-2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末考点大串讲(译林版2020）

2024-2025学年高二年级下学期期末专项通关 专题01 阅读理解20篇 （一） (福建省福州第一中学2024-2025学年高二下学期期中)Edward Wilson is America's, if not the world’s, leading naturalist. In The  Future of Life, he takes us on a tour of the world's natural resources. How are they used? What has been lost? What remains and is it able to continue with the present speed of use? Wilson also points out the need to understand fully the biodiversity of our earth. Wilson begins with an open letter to the pioneer in environment protection, Henry David Thoreau. He compares today’s Walden Pond with that of Thoreau’s day. Wilson will use such comparisons for the rest of the book. The problem is clear: man has done great damage to his home over the years. We may wonder whether the earth, with human help, be made to return to biodiversity levels that will be able to support us in the future? Biodiversity, Wilson argues, is the key to settling many problems the earth faces today Even our agricultural crops can gain advantages from it. A mere hundred species are the basis of our food supply, of which around twenty carry the load. Wilson suggests changing this situation by looking into ten thousand species that could be made use of, which will be a way to reduce the clearing of the natural homes of plants and animals to enlarge farming areas. At the end of the book, Wilson discusses the importance of human values in considering the environment. If you are to continue to live on the earth, you may well read and act on the ideas in this book. 1．What does Wilson care most about? A．The environment for plants. B．The ecological variety of life on earth. C．The wastes of natural resources. D．The importance of human values. 2．Why is the open letter to Thoreau mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To express Wilson's longing for the past. B．To highlight the desperation of mankind. C．To emphasize man-caused damage to the environment. D．To call for more help to change the current situation. 3．How many species are most important to our present food supply? A．Twenty. B．Eighty. C．One hundred. D．Ten thousand. 4．What is this text most likely? A．An advocacy article. B．A research report. C．A book review. D．An introduction to a scientist. （二） (山东省临沂市2024-2025学年高二下学期4月期中) Four international competitions for high school studentsThe iGEM Competition Location: Varies; often held in Europe or Asia. Cost: Participation fee required, plus travel expenses. The International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) Competition is a unique global event that invites high school students to explore the world of biological technology. Teams collaborate under the guidance of teachers to design, build, and test genetically engineered systems using standard biological parts. The World Scholar’s Cup Location: Regional and global rounds held in various countries outside the U.S. Cost: Participation fee for teams. This global competition encourages students to explore a broad range of subjects, from science and history to literature and art, all within the context of a yearly theme. It promotes the joy of learning through events such as team debates, collaborative writing, and a quiz-style challenge known as the Scholar’s Bowl. The Diamond Challenge Location: Held outside the U.S., with virtual participation options. Cost: Free to enter. Participants are tasked with developing a practicable business concept, which they then present to judges. The challenge emphasizes the practical aspects of business planning, creativity, and strategic thinking, providing participants with constructive advice. The Breakthrough Junior Challenge Location: Online submission. Cost: Free to enter. The Breakthrough Junior Challenge aims to bring big scientific ideas to people all over the world. Participants can choose a concept or theory in mathematics, life sciences, or fundamental physics that’s important to understand but challenging to explain and create a short video to get the idea across in an engaging, inspiring, and creative way. 5．How is the iGEM Competition different from the others? A．It focuses on real-world problems. B．It requires teachers’instruction. C．It is free to participate in. D．It is held online. 6．Which competition will attract students interested in business operations? A．The iGEM Competition. B．The World Scholar’s Cup. C．The Diamond Challenge. D．The Breakthrough Junior Challenge. 7．What will the Breakthrough Junior Challenge’s participants do? A．Complete a project as a team. B．Write a themed research paper. C．Explain a complex science idea. D．Share an imaginative short story. （三） (福建省三明市2024-2025学年高二下学期期中联考)In an era of overtourism, smart travelers increasingly seek hidden gems that offer authentic cultural immersion and unspoiled landscapes. These lesser-known destinations not only escape the crowds but also preserve unique traditions and breathtaking natural wonders — though visiting them often requires extra preparation. ·Civita di Bagnoregio, Italy Described as “the dying town”, this medieval (中世纪) village sits on top of a collapsing cliff in central Italy. Accessible only by a pedestrian bridge, its stone streets and Renaissance architecture offer a frozen-in-time atmosphere. Visit in early morning to avoid crowds. Note: Limited public transport; check bridge access during bad weather. ·Sirince, Turkey Near Ephesus, this former Greek village charms visitors with cobblestone alleys and peach-colored houses. Famous for fruit wines, Sirince provides authentic local experiences. Note: Respect conservative dress codes in rural areas and avoid discussing political topics. ·Lofoten Islands, Norway This Arctic Archipelago boasts dramatic bay and traditional red fishing cabins. Ideal for northern lights viewing (September-March)or midnight sun hikes (June-July). Note: Weather changes rapidly, pack layered clothing and waterproof gear. ·Yakushima Island, Japan A NESCO site with 1,000-year-old cedar (雪松) forests that inspired Studio Ghibli’s Princess Mononoke. Trails range from easy walks to challenging 10-hour hikes. Note: Reserve mountain huts in advance for multi-day treks (跋涉) and follow strict ecological guidelines to protect wildlife. 8．What should visitors to Civita di Bagnoregio confirm before arrival? A．Mountain hut availability. B．Bridge accessibility. C．Northern lights schedule. D．Wine-tasting reservations. 9．Why might tourists need to adjust their behavior in Sirince? A．To protect ancient forests. B．Due to rapid weather changes. C．Because of political sensitivities. D．For midnight sun photography. 10．Which destination is most suitable for green travelers? A．Civita di Bagnoregio, Italy. B．Sirince, Turkey. C．Lofoten Islands, Norway. D．Yakushima Island, Japan. （四） (湖北省教育教学改革联盟学校2024-2025学年高二下学期期中联考) NAIROBI — Mirriam Wambui, a 13-year-old student, speaks Chinese with the confidence of a seasoned linguist despite having only two years of exposure to the language. She won the Kenyan Chinese Bridge Competition, ranked sixth in Africa and made it to the top 30 globally at the contest in Tianjin in late October. “I was overjoyed to win in Kenya,” Mirriam says. Her journey with the Chinese language began through her eldest brother, who traveled to China in 2015 to pursue a master’s degree in Chinese. When he returned to visit their family in Nairobi in 2019, Mirriam was impressed by his fluency in Chinese. “My brother came back with a cellphone I had never seen before, and everything he brought, including electronics, was made in China. I became curious about this country that seemed to produce so much,” she says with a giggle. Inspired, she enrolled in Chinese language classes two years ago. In May, with only two weeks left, she asked to join the school’s Chinese Bridge team. “My teacher was shocked as I wasn’t initially picked, but I believed in myself and went all out to prepare.” she says. Her confidence paid off. At Kenyatta University, she wowed judges and won a laptop, trophy (奖杯) and a sponsored China trip. In October, she visited China. “People were so nice,” she says. Her success inspired peers to learn Chinese. Teacher Charity Atunga says Chinese is the most popular of three options, with 90 of 200 students choosing it. “Support from parents and schools makes it great. Students see benefits like scholarships,” Atunga adds. She herself studied in China on a scholarship and later became a teacher. Kenyatta University, in partnership with Shandong Normal University, hosts the Chinese Bridge Competition for high school students in Kenya. Through this partnership, over 300 Kenyan students have traveled to China. “I want to become an ambassador in the future and learn more about Chinese language and culture.” says Mirriam. 11．What inspired Mirriam to learn Chinese? A．Attractive scholarships for Chinese learners. B．Her brother’s wonderful experience in China. C．Benefits of Chinese learning from her teacher. D．Eagerness to win the Chinese Bridge Competition. 12．Which of the following best describes Mirriam? A．Confident and ambitious. B．Determined and patriotic. C．Generous and adventurous. D．Caring and thoughtful. 13．What can we learn from the text? A．Self-belief and efforts count. B．Rome is not built in one day. C．The early bird catches the worm. D．Actions speak louder than words. 14．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Scholarships Open Doors to Chinese Education in Kenya. B．A Kenyan Girl Explores Chinese Culture and Innovation. C．“Made in China” Inspires Kenyan Teens to Embrace Mandarin. D．Kenyan Teen’s Chinese Bridge Win Fuels National Learning Passion. （五） (浙江省S9联盟2024-2025学年高二下学期4月期中)Employees in China may take a breath from the grueling “996 work culture” — where people work from 9 am to 9 pm, six days a week, as several Chinese conglomerates have issued internal reminders to prevent overtime working or meaningless competition in the rat race under the name of formalism. The central government has also shown greater determination to regulate the unwholesome work culture. In a recent released action plan, local authorities are urged to better protect workers’ rights to rest and tighten supervision over employers’ behaviors of illegally lengthening the working hours of employees without permission. Before the release of the action plan, several domestic companies have shown tactful gestures to relax the tiring working schedules. Employees on the Chinese mainland have seen increasing working hours in recent years, even longer than the regulated length by the nation’s Labor Law, and the employees’ complaints about the unreasonable schedules have intensified after the “996 work culture” being promoted among some large companies or industrial titans. “My colleagues and I usually joke that we got ‘sense of shame’ stepping out of the office at 6 pm sharp. It has been a wired stereotype that you are not hardworking if you don’t stay up very late for work in the office,” said Wang Xiaofeng, a telecommunications engineer in Beijing who works from 9 am to 8 pm and on Saturday every other week. The 30-year-old said he was happy to see this news and hopes that his company can relax the working schedules someday, as the job has almost taken all his time so far. He, however, also has concerns about these early duty-off policies, as it may be hard to quantify the overtime work and overtime fees if the employee has to continue the work after back home. Experts and industry insiders said that the measures taken by companies to shorten working hours or optimize working patterns will help protect the employees’ working rights, health — both physical and psychological, and win themselves better future prospects by putting more emphasis and cares on humanistic concern. Both overtime work and “996 work culture” are moves to help companies earn greater market share in the fierce commercial competition. However, as job-seekers’ ideas about career, labor relations and working patterns may have all changed in the new era, employers may find that their workers are losing passions or loyalty for the job by simply asking them to work overtime. Unreasonable work cultures like 996 have hurt people’s working rights, under which the employees are hard to balance their personal life and the work, and may have health or marriage problems due to the unreasonable working schedules of rat race. 15．Why does Wang mention having a “sense of shame” when leaving work at 6 pm? A．To criticize his colleagues for being lazy. B．To show his pride in finishing work early and effectively. C．To highlight the social pressure to appear hardworking through long hours. D．To explain the reason why he prefers working from home. 16．According to experts, what is a potential benefit of reducing working hours? A．Companies will immediately gain higher profits. B．Overtime fees will become easier to calculate. C．Job-seekers will prioritize salary over work-life balance. D．Employees’ physical health and job loyalty may improve. 17．What does the term “rat race” in the passage most likely refer to? A．A stressful competition for career advancement. B．A sports competition among coworkers. C．A traditional Chinese festival performance. D．A government policy to limit overtime. 18．What is the main focus of the passage? A．The history of China’s “996 work culture” and its economic benefits. B．The challenges employees face in balancing work and personal life. C．Recent efforts by companies and the government to address excessive overtime culture. D．A comparison between traditional and modern working patterns in China. （六） (云南省昭通一中教研联盟2024~2025学年高二下学期期中质检)My daughter is a smart kid, but she’d never read an entire chapter book for pleasure. She had never developed any habit of classic deep reading — with two eyes in front of paper, and nothing else going on. When I faced this truth, it felt like a parenting failure. Even though we’d read many storybooks when she was younger and we lived in a house stuffed with books, I hadn’t managed to instill (灌输) one of life’s fundamental pleasures in my kid. As a lifelong reader, I understand how reading enhances the fabric of our experience. Yet my daughter claimed to dislike reading. I told her reading novels was the best way to learn about how people’s insides work. She said she could learn more from the people on social media, who were all about spilling their insides. I said books offered storytelling. She said, “Smartphones.” I said books taught history. She said, “The Internet.” I could not win our debates, because few of my daughter’s arguments against reading seemed wrong to me. Yes, reading is a way to discover new worlds-so is the entire Internet. But that’s not why I wanted my daughter to pick up a book. It was about experiencing a certain magic. You know when an author describes a feeling you didn’t have, and a hundred light bulbs go off on the top of your head? I wanted her to have a chance at feeling that. A screen-based medium can’t create this kind of relationship because, by its nature, the medium must fill in all the blanks for you. Books leave space for blanks — and for the internal invention they can inspire. So I decided to cut through all the reasoning with a cold, hard practicality: cash. I told my 11-year-old I would pay her $ 100 to read a novel within a month. Of course, she said yes. She finished the book in seven days. Then she even asked for the sequel (续集) — at no extra charge. Will this lead to her reading Little Women? Will it result in a lifelong habit of reading? I don’t know. What I do know is that I finally opened a new door for her to the printed page. That feels like the best money I ever spent. 19．What situation does the author face? A．Failing to get along well with her daughter. B．Failing to meet her daughter’s emotional needs. C．Failing to develop a reading habit in her daughter. D．Failing to provide enough storybooks in the house. 20．Why does the author want her daughter to read books? A．To help her fill in all the blanks. B．To help her discover new worlds. C．To let her feel a moment of deep connection. D．To help her spend less time on the Internet. 21．How does the author feel about spending $100 to encourage her daughter to read? A．She regrets spending the money. B．She feels disappointed with the final outcome. C．She is confident in her daughter’s future choices. D．She is unsure if it will lead to a love of reading. 22．What could be the best title for the passage? A．The Magic of Books in a Digital Age B．Creating a Reader: A Mother’s Journey C．Encouraging Reading: Tips for Children D．The Decline of Reading Among Children （七） (山东省部分学校-2024-2025学年高二下学期4月阶段性诊断)When Ghanaian photojournalist Paul Ninson initially pursued a career in photography, he found the challenge discouraging. Photography isn’t exactly valued as a career in Ghana, Ninson says, “If you tell your parents you’re going to be a photographer, it was like, ‘Yuck, what? Go be a lawyer.’” But Ninson felt photography was his calling. Deeply influenced by the family history of storytelling passed down through his grandparents and later attracted by a friend’s images, he developed a love for photography. He sold his mobile phone, bought a camera and began studying photography. Though Ninson began his journey with commercial photography, he soon shifted his focus to stories closer to his heart — those of African history and culture that he would capture as a photojournalist. Ninson still sought formal education in photojournalism. Unable to find a suitable program in Africa, he left Ghana in 2019 to study in New York City. There, he read the center’s hundreds of photobooks. In Ghana, he only had access to five or six of such books. As he ventured deeper into the city, he discovered more visual histories of Africa than he had experienced at home, such as documentation of Ghana’s first president at the New York Public Library. The libraries Ninson visited were unwilling to give him their archives (档案) to return to Africa, which led to his idea of creating a leading photobook library in Africa that held such stories. This idea has been realized with the creation of Dikan Center in Accra, Ghana’s capital. In Ghanaian artist Daniella Afful’s eyes, Dikan Center is a spark for the growth of Ghana’s creative community. “Dikan Center has magnified (放大) art and photography. Dikan Center has kind of given us the hope that we may soon have a music library and we could have a film library in Ghana — anything just to preserve our history and make history.” 23．How did Ninson’s grandparents affect his career choice? A．They bought a camera for Ninson. B．They asked him to seek his friend’s advice. C．They showed many photos of his family. D．They carried on the storytelling tradition. 24．Why did Ninson go to America? A．He planned to sell hundreds of photobooks. B．He hunted for more approaches to culture. C．He desired for chances to better himself. D．He wanted to return to commercial photography. 25．Which of the following can best describe Ninson? A．Optimistic and humorous. B．Generous and caring. C．Innovative and hard-working. D．Brave and outgoing. 26．What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph? A．To highlight the significance of Dikan Center. B．To promote the development of art in Ghana. C．To call on people to build more libraries in Ghana. D．To discuss the challenges of preserving African history. （八） (台州六校2024-2025学年高二下学期4月期中)An IT company from Finland has developed a new font (字体) which uses machine learning to rewrite bad language into kinder words. More than a third of bullying takes place online, and the numbers are on the rise, according to a report by the United Nations’ educational organization UNESCO. TietoEVRY developed the Polite Type font as a new tool to deal with online bullying among kids, pointing out harmful language and causing users to pick kinder words. As users try to write hurtful English words, the font will automatically replace them. Writing “I hate you” would, for example, result in the milder “I disagree with you” when Polite Type is used on the computer. Sentences such as “you are ugly” is replaced with “you are not traditionally beautiful” while rude words are blurred completely. The company says it is the first example where a blur has been used as a symbol in a font package. Racial slurs (种族歧视语) are replaced with the racial group the slur is related to, rather than blurring the word entirely. The vocabulary of the font was co-created with teenagers from Finland. The font’s library of words was chosen to include language from different origins, religions, and world views, and will make adjustments as more people and businesses use it. In the future, TietoEVRY suggests that machine learning could be used to teach the font to understand how language is used. Polite Type can be now downloaded and used for free. “We want bullies to rethink the words they use and the actual meaning behind them,” said Kia Haring, global head of communication and sustainability at TietoEVRY. “I hope that our cause acts as a wake-up call for all audiences to consider how bullying could be handled.” 27．What is special about the Polite Type font according to the text? A．It includes a wider vocabulary. B．It hides all the unusual expressions. C．It consists of words and symbols. D．It prefers long sentences to short ones. 28．What can we expect of the Polite Type font in the Future? A．It will have more words blurred. B．It will be constantly updated. C．More racial groups will use it. D．Users will be charged with using it. 29．What does Kia Haring think of creating the Polite Type font? A．Inspiring. B．Unsuccessful. C．appealing. D．Imperfect. 30．What is the best title for the text? A．A font designed to fight online bullying B．Polite Type: the self-developing font C．Show others kindness by using a new font D．A font automatically avoids racial slurs （九） (安徽师范大学附属中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中)A group of researchers examined a decade of responses to an online survey on morals, analyzing how these responses varied from season to season. Their results indicate that, at a population level, people are less likely to support more traditional moral values during summer and winter. The researchers relied on data from a website named YourMorals.org, which provides a “moral foundations questionnaire” allowing respondents to express their level of agreement or disagreement with various moral statements. The questions were based on moral foundations theory, aiming to understand why morality seems to follow similar patterns among people from diverse cultures. According to this theory, morality can be categorized into five foundational values — care, fairness, loyalty, authority, and purity. These values fall into two groups: individualizing values and binding values. Not all types of values exhibited a clear seasonal pattern. For example, individualizing values, which emphasize the morality of individual rights, showed little variation over time and did not follow a seasonal trend. In contrast, binding values — those that prioritize group needs, such as loyalty, respect for authority, and purity of tradition — followed a biannual (一年两次的) pattern. To gain deeper insights into their findings, the researchers also studied patterns in Google search results related to anxiety. They discovered that population-level anxiety also followed a seasonal cycle — peaking in spring and fall, suggesting a possible correlation (关联性). Spring and fall are generally considered the most enjoyable seasons, so an increase in anxiety during these times may come as a surprise. But it’s possible that increases in school and work-related changes during these times could play some role. They also suggest that anxiety may decrease in winter due to seasonal holidays, and in summer because of warmer weather and increased vegetation (植被). “We often perceive moral values as unchanging principles that we hold close,” says Professor Hohm. However, they are actually influenced by various factors that we may not notice. Understanding how this happens can help us better comprehend and plan for seasonal shifts. 31．Which of the following might not follow a seasonal trend? A．Purity of tradition. B．Fairness among people. C．Loyalty to one’s party. D．Respect for authority. 32．What might be a possible reason for people feeling more anxious in spring and fall? A．Frequent transition of weather. B．Heightened social events and gatherings. C．New challenges from school and work. D．Reduced availability of fresh produce. 33．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Moral values remain constant over time. B．Planning is crucial in maintaining moral stability. C．The influence of morals on behavior is minimal. D．Moral changes can affect plan making. 34．What is the passage mainly about? A．Our moral values may change with the seasons. B．Anxiety is closely linked to external threats. C．Seasons influence our individualizing values. D．Individualizing values and binding values differ. （十） (四川省成都外国语学校2024-2025学年高二下学期期中)Wang Yongxian, who was born in 1950 in Taiyuan, the capital of north China’s Shanxi Province, is a Chinese expert in the restoration of ancient Chinese buildings. Since 1972, Wang has restored over 100 precious ancient buildings. At the age of 22, Wang joined the cultural relics working committee of Shanxi Province working on surveys, mapping, and restoration of ancient buildings. For years, he roamed the wilderness, devoting himself to the preservation of temples and pagodas (佛塔). At that time, many valuable historical buildings had suffered severe damage from natural elements, leaving them ruined and on the edge of collapse. Wang saw himself as a “firefighter” on the front lines, racing against time to rescue these structures. In his early 20s, Wang once dreamed of a more attractive city life and even considered changing jobs. But witnessing the devotion and sacrifice of senior experts changed his mind. One day, while accompanying Chinese architectural historian Luo Zhewen to inspect the Wooden Pagoda of Yingxian county, Wang watched as Luo — despite being in his sixties — climbed shaky beams (横梁) inside the tower without any safety railing. This commitment deeply moved him. “I must pass the mission of protecting ancient buildings to younger generations, turning our pioneers’ spirit into action,” Wang said. Thanks to the painstaking efforts of Wang and his colleagues over the decades, an increasing number of ancient buildings across Shanxi, such as Foguang Temple, Chongfu Temple, Guandi Temple, Jinci Temple’s Shengmu Hall, and Xuankong Temple, have been revitalized and opened to the public. After retiring from his job, Wang’s love for ancient architecture has not diminished a bit. He immersed himself in research, learned woodworking techniques, created models of Dougong, and published many monographs and papers. “I have had an inseparable bond with ancient buildings throughout my life. I feel deeply pleased to contribute a little to the conservation of ancient architectural culture,” Wang said. 35．Which of the following best describes Wang according to the first two paragraphs? A．A highly skilled craftsman. B．A knowledgeable architect. C．A dedicated preservationist. D．A widely influential historian. 36．What does paragraph 3 indicate about the ancient building restoration? A．It is a slow and complex process. B．It has significant cultural impacts. C．It needs great efforts and funding. D．It is extremely important and urgent. 37．How did Luo’ s deed influence Wang? A．It pushed him to change his major. B．It started his love for ancient buildings. C．It inspired him to stick to his work. D．It fueled his desire to become an architect. 38．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Challenges of Restoring Ancient Architecture B．Lifelong Dedication to Restoring Ancient Buildings C．The Path to Becoming an Architectural Preservationist D．The Role of Senior Experts in Cultural Heritage Preservation （十一） (河北省衡水市枣强县2024-2025学年高二下学期4月期中)On December 14th, 1911, Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen stood at the southernmost point of Earth, planting his nation’s flag atop the icy vastness of Antarctica (南极). His historic achievement marked the victory of a fierce yet silent race against British rival Robert Falcon Scott, reflecting thoughtful planning and courageous ambition. Amundsen’s success relied mainly on considerate preparation. While Scott relied on ponies (小马)and motorized sledges, Amundsen embraced Inuit wisdom, using sled dogs adaptable well to the polar conditions. These helpful animals carried supplies efficiently and even provided food when needed — an unpleasant but practical solution in the unforgiving environment. His team practiced skiing strictly and wore layered fur clothing to fight against temperatures below -40℃. Every detail, from lightweight sledges to a carefully mapped supply depot system, was optimized for survival. The journey was austere. Battling freezing coldness and endless ice, Amundsen’s team covered 1,400 miles across frozen deserts. When they reached the Pole, they left a tent and a letter for Scott — a gesture connecting sportsmanship and quiet success. Tragically, Scott and his men failed to make the return journey, showing the high risks of polar exploration. Beyond great glory, Amundsen’s expedition transformed polar science. His detailed records of weather, ice formations, and navigation techniques advanced human understanding of Antarctica. Innovations in cold-weather equipment and travel methods became foundation for future explorers. Amundsen proved that in the battle between humans and nature, respect for tradition and adaptability were keys to victory, which inspired generations to explore further. 39．What was the primary reason for Amundsen’s success over Scott in reaching the South Pole? A．Superior physical strength of his team. B．Warmer weather conditions during his expedition. C．Advanced motorized technology for transportation. D．Strategic use of Inuit survival methods and sled dogs. 40．What does the underlined word “austere” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Tough. B．Unpleasant. C．Amusing. D．Endless. 41．Which words can best describe Amundsen? A．Ambitious and cautious. B．Adventurous and modest. C．Responsible and strict. D．Independent and confident. 42．How did Amundsen’s expedition contribute to future polar exploration? A．It popularized the use of ponies in icy regions. B．It discouraged further expeditions due to its risks. C．It focused solely on national glory rather than research. D．It provided scientific data and improved survival techniques. （十二） (北京市大兴区2024-2025学年高二下学期期中)In an article published on July 1st in Nature Medicine, Dr Herr and his team at MIT describe seven people with below-the-knee amputations (截肢) who can now walk normally with the help of surgery and new robotic prostheses (假肢). For the first time, Dr Herr says, people have been able to walk with bionic legs — mechanical prostheses that mimic their biological counterparts — that can be fully controlled by their brains. As the most important muscles in a complete leg come in pairs, so that one muscle can stretch while the other contracts, the goal of Dr Herr's procedure was to replicate (复制) this structure in those who had undergone amputations. The surgery, therefore, involved sewing together the ends of two sets of leg muscles in the remaining part of the participants’ legs. Each of these new connections forms a so-called agonist-antagonist myoneural interface, or AMI. This, in effect, replicates the mechanisms necessary for movement as well as the perception of the limb's position in space. Traditional amputations, in contrast, create no such pairings in place of the ones removed. Dr Herr's team then gave each of the participants a battery-powered prosthesis developed in their lab, along with a small electrical controller. The prosthesis was connected to the AMI by electrodes on the skin, such that the controller could pick up the AMI muscle movements and translate them to movement in the prosthesis. Once the robotic leg was linked to the AMI, nerve signals travelling from the brain to the muscles and back allowed the participants to have full control of their new legs. Though prostheses controlled by nerve signals have been designed before, these were typically only controlled by the participants' brains during certain movements, such as when the foot was off the ground, in the “swing phase” of walking. But in the latest study the participants were in charge at all times. “No previous study was able to show this level of brain control, ” says Dr Herr. Dr Herr's “promising and beautiful” approach could be the end goal for below-the-knee amputations. But it remains to be seen if it could achieve similar results for people with amputations involving knees or upper-body limbs. Nor will everyone be able to get the AMIs they need. Decades after his amputation, Dr Herr has only enough muscle mass to construct an AMI for a robotic ankle, but not a whole robotic foot. He says he is considering it regardless. Even if he cannot get the full effect, it may prove a sensible step. 43．What is the purpose of creating AMI during the surgery? A．To reduce the risk of infection in amputees. B．To connect the prosthesis directly to the electrodes. C．To sew together the ends of two sets of leg muscles. D．To replicate the muscle pairing mechanism of complete legs. 44．What can we learn from the passage? A．Dr Herr is determined to further his research. B．Everyone will be able to get the AMIs they need. C．Prostheses controlled by nerve signals is a new design. D．Robotic Prosthesis is suitable for people with upper-body amputation. 45．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．AMI Muscle Movements B．Below-The-Knee Amputations C．The Full Brain-Controlled Bionic Legs D．The Rapid Development of Prostheses （十三） (四川省广安第二中学校2024-2025学年高二下学期期中)Voluntourism is a type of tourism in which travellers participate in volunteer work, usually for a charity or a non-profit. Most often, voluntourists travel for the specific purpose of volunteering in an organized way for specific causes, but others simply include volunteer aspects to a traditional vacation experience. Much like sustainable tourism as a whole, the legitimacy (合法性) or success of a voluntourism program depends highly on how it is managed. When done the right way, it can help communities grow and truly provide benefits to a specific cause. But it’s up to the individual volunteer, too, who has the added responsibility of staying informed and setting their destinations up for success. Ken Budd, author of the award-winning memoir The Voluntourist, says that countless organizations around the world create lasting results. The writer, who volunteered in at least six countries, speaks for it, such as teaching English in a Costa Rican elementary school that relied on volunteers when they couldn’t afford teachers. However, not all voluntourism programs are helping. A reporter for The New York Times wrote in 2016 about their experience with a group of people building a school in Haiti: “These people knew nothing about how to construct a building. Collectively, they had spent thousands of dollars to fly here to do a job that Haitian bricklayers could have done far more quickly. Imagine how many classrooms might have been built if they had donated that money rather than spending it to fly down themselves. Perhaps those Haitian bricklayers could have found weeks of employment instead of out of a job, at least for several days.” If an organization can get free labour from an unskilled volunteer, they’re not spending money hiring locals to do the same work for a fee. In a poverty-stricken economy where residents are already struggling to find jobs, funds that go towards digging a well or building a school will have more of an impact if they stay within the local economy. Taking work from locals can prevent developing communities from self-establishment. Not to mention, volunteers who are untrained in whatever service they are providing can sometimes actually end up holding back progress. 46．How does the author introduce the topic “voluntourism”? A．By explaining its origin. B．By sorting out its causes. C．By presenting its concept. D．By discussing its classification. 47．What helps guarantee the success of a voluntourism program according to the passage? A．The purpose and legitimacy of a program. B．Proper control and responsible volunteers. C．Participants’ previous voluntary experience. D．The degree of involvement of each volunteer. 48．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．Voluntourists’ donations to their destinations. B．The enthusiasm of people for rebuilding Haiti. C．The invisible problem brought by voluntourists. D．Voluntourists’ determination to make contributions. 49．What’s the author’s attitude to voluntourism? A．Objective. B．Positive. C．Favourable. D．Disapproving. （十四） (河南省实验中学2024-2025学年高二下学期期中)Imagine an artificial intelligence model that can watch and understand moving images like you and me. Now, scientists have made this a reality by creating MovieNet: an innovative AI that processes videos much like how our brains interpret real-life scenes. This brain-inspired AI model can perceive dynamic scenes by simulating (模拟) how neurons (神经元) make real-time sense of the world. While conventional AI excels at still image recognition, MovieNet is designed to understand complex, dynamic scenes, allowing it to recognize tiny changes over time. To create MovieNet, Hollis Cline, senior author of the study, examined how animals’ brains process real-world scenes. Specifically, he studied how tadpoles’ (蝌蚪的) neurons respond to moving stimuli. Tadpoles’ neurons process these visual inputs like solving puzzle pieces: each piece alone may not make sense, but together they form a complete image in motion. Different neurons process various “puzzle pieces” of a real-life moving image, which the brain then combines to form a continuous scene. Using this understanding, the researchers trained MovieNet to process video clips by identifying small visual signals, allowing it to distinguish between small changes in scenes. In testing, MovieNet achieved 82.3% accuracy, outperforming trained human observers by 18% and doing much better than existing AI models. Beyond its higher accuracy, MovieNet is more environment-friendly. Conventional AI requires vast amounts of data and energy, but MovieNet compresses (压缩) data like a zipped file, reducing environmental impact. “We’ve also made AI far less demanding,” says Cline. MovieNet could also transform medicine. It might help detect early signs of diseases by tracking small movement changes that are difficult for human eyes to detect. Looking ahead, the team plans to improve MovieNet’s ability to adapt to different environments and enhance its potential applications. “By designing models that think like living organisms (有机体), we can achieve efficiency levels that aren’t possible with traditional AI,” says Cline, “Biology is a gold mine.” 50．How is MovieNet differnet from conventional AI models ? A．It can spot small changes over time. B．It is better at recognizing still images. C．It can interpret real-life scenes of the world. D．It can create videos with more complex images. 51．MovieNet is trained ________. A．to increase visual inputs. B．to integrate dynamic images. C．to feed on information pieces. D．to look into tadpoles’ neurons. 52．According to paragraph 5, what is an advantage of MovieNet? A．Its powerful data storage. B．Its low energy consumption. C．Its control of medical diseases. D．Its improvement on drug effects. 53．What can be concluded from Cline’s words in the last paragraph? A．Biology brings us financial profits. B．Living organisms can outperform AI. C．AI can assist in biological development. D．Drawing inspiration from biology is promising. （十五） (四川省成都外国语学校2024-2025学年高二下学期期中)The needs of plus-size consumers have long been the elephant in the room of the fashion industry until body positivity and fat acceptance movements promoted the slogan that large-bodied people are not those who are left behind. This size-inclusive(尺码包容)trend has become so popular that it is influencing mainstream culture. As a result, fashion brands have finally decided to extend their size ranges. In 2022, the plus-size market grew twice as fast as the standard size market in both North America and the UK. Yet, many consumers say fashion brands broadening their ranges are not truly inclusive. “Inclusive sizing means that all bodies are included in fashion, not just the ones who fit in standard sizes,” says Marie Southard Ospina, a UK-based plus-size girl. “However, what many designers do right now is pick a number that they think is big enough to include plus sizes and stop. This is even more disrespectful.” Researchers also note that some brands are just taking advantage of the trend. “Brands that used to promote so-called perfect bodies in their advertisements are now trying to get in on the trend by adding a few sizes. It doesn’t feel like they really care about plus-size people,” says Tom Burgess, analyst in fashion industry. “If brands cared about large-bodied consumers, then it wouldn’t have taken until now to acknowledge that they exist,” he says. “It gives the impression that companies are just trying to gain a share of the market without a real commitment to the community.” The fashion industry must go beyond merely producing clothing in a range of sizes if they hope to succeed with a body-diverse world. The whole industry has to connect on a personal level with consumers. That involves showing shoppers that they are seen, understood and important to brands. “Consumers care about values, and so they want to buy from brands that reflect the values they believe in. Everyone should enjoy the same range of fashion options,” says Ludovica Cesareo, professor of marketing at the College of Business in the US. 54．What do the underlined words “the elephant in the room” mean in the first paragraph? A．The hot issue that is valued. B．The obvious truth that is ignored. C．The important principle that is recognized. D．The common phenomenon that is criticized. 55．Why do consumers say fashion brands are not truly inclusive? A．They pick sizes randomly. B．They offer limited plus sizes. C．They treat designers disrespectfully. D．They haven’t broadened standard sizes. 56．What is researchers’ attitude towards some brands? A．Appreciative. B．Objective. C．Indifferent. D．Critical. 57．What does the last paragraph imply? A．All buyers deserve fashion that fits their figure. B．Consumers prefer brands with personalized values. C．Brands should catch up with the size-inclusive trend. D．A good brand image is critical in the fashion industry. （十六） (河北省衡水市2024-2025学年高二下学期4月期中)If you wanted your child to become a top athlete as an adult, the best way may not be what you think. It seems logical that someone who started at an early age and focused on one thing would become the best at it. But it turns out that most champions don’t follow the path of early specialization. Research of the past 20 years has steadily revealed that kids who have tried different sports, on the whole, go further in the long term than kids who have specialized early. The researchers reviewed 51 international studies on expert athlete performance. Taken together, these studies looked at the developmental history of 6,096 adult and youth athletes, including 772 of the world’s top performers. Their analyses showed that the majority of world-class athletes were multisport athletes in childhood and adolescence (青春期). In many cases, the top adult athletes also started their main sport later and practiced it for fewer hours during childhood than many of their peers (同龄人). They also generally progressed more slowly. In contrast, their peers who specialized early often found more success at the youth level. However, that’s where most of them peaked. When it came to long-term success on the international stage, the late-specialization kids were much better represented. The multisport approach works for a couple of reasons. One of them appears to be better skills transfer between different sports. Raducanu’s former coach said that when she’s learning a new skill, she can pick things up very quickly. Also, trying more sports in childhood helps kids find a sport that suits their talent and interest best. Plus, it can reduce the risk of injury and mental burnout, Given the research, why do we keep pushing kids to specialize at a young age? One of the major reasons is that so many of us have lived for so long with the idea that early specialization produces the best results. If we want kids to reach their best potential over the long term, we need to encourage them to try as many different sports and activities in childhood as practically possible. 58．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The purpose of the research. B．The result of the research. C．The process of the research. D．The participants of the research. 59．Why does the multisport approach work? A．It allows kids to acquire more training hours. B．It helps kids to become famous at a young age. C．It makes kids more competitive in their childhood. D．It enables skills in one sport to be applied to another. 60．Why do people still push kids into early sports specialization? A．Some wrong ideas are deeply rooted. B．Kids can develop better in the long run. C．It’s casier for kids to find their favorite sports early. D．It helps reduce kids’ risk of injury and mental burnout. 61．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Youth Sport: A Profitable Business B．The Road to Becoming a Top Athlete C．Multisport Approach: The Key to Success D．The Benefit of Early Specialization in Sports （十七） (江西省南昌市第十九中学2024-2025学年高二下学期期中)The Food and Drug Administration, citing an epidemic of diet-related illness, released new guidelines (准则) Wednesday aimed at reducing the amount of salt that of Americans consumes at restaurants, school cafeterias and trucks, or when they are eating packaged and prepared foods at home. The guidelines targeted manufactures that sell foods made from grains as well as potato chips and French fries. The recommendations, issued after years of delay, seek to reduce the average daily sodium intake step by step — sodium is the chemical name for salt — by 12% over the next two-and-a-half years by encouraging food manufacturers, restaurants and food service companies to scale back their use of salt. That goal translates into 3,000 milligrams of salt — slightly more than 1 teaspoon — compared to the 3,400 milligrams that Americans typically consume in a day. American’s love affair with salty foods has been linked to alarmingly high rates of high blood pressure, a leading risk factor for heart attacks, strokes and kidney failure. Much of the excess sodium that Americans consume, about 70% comes from processed and packaged food and meals served at restaurants, according to researcher. The guidance will apply to 163 categories of processed and packaged food and provide different targets for, say, rye bread, salad dressing and baby food. Nutritionists and public health experts praised the FDA for taking on the problem of excess sodium, saying the effort would help sharpen the public’s focus on the dangers of taking in too much salt and create pressure on food companies to reduce their reliance on salt as a cheap flavor booster. But many said that voluntary measures were unlikely to move the needle very much. Some experts have suggested compulsory reductions. Dr. Dariush Mozaffarian from Tufts University said a recent study in China suggested the FDA should be firmer with its guidelines. The study showed people who used a salt replacement reduced their chances of stroke and heart problems compared to those who used regular salt. Mozaffarian said the effect of the sodium guidelines will depend on how well the FDA monitors food companies and their progress. 62．Why did the FDA release new guidelines? A．To increase salt consumption in schools. B．To ban all processed foods made from grains. C．To cut down salt intake in various food sources. D．To promote the sale of potato chips and French fries. 63．What is true about the FDA’s guidelines? A．It will be carried out gradually. B．It concerns homemade food. C．It involves all food companies. D．It will apply one target to all food. 64．What do the underlined words “move the needle” mean in the last paragraph? A．Bring about changes. B．Encourage people to eat out. C．Replace the tradition. D．Threaten the food companies. 65．What is Mozaffarian’s attitude toward the FDA guidelines? A．Strongly critical. B．Cautiously supportive. C．Fully approving. D．Thoroughly indifferent. （十八） (湖南省名校联考联合体2024-2025学年高二下学期期中)Marcel Proust, born on July 10,1871, in Auteuil, France, is one of the most celebrated writers of the 20th century. Known for his monumental novel In Search of Lost Time, Proust’s work explores themes of memory, time, and human experience with unparalleled depth. Proust grew up in a wealthy family, but his childhood was marked by poor health. He suffered from asthma, which often kept him indoors, isolating him from other children. Despite this, he developed a love for literature and writing at an early age. His mother, with whom he shared a close bond, encouraged his intellectual pursuits, fostering his passion for storytelling. As a young man, Proust immersed himself in Parisian high society by attending salons, where Proust observed the interactions and exchanges among the upper class and formed friendships with artists and writers. These experiences later influenced his writing, providing him with sufficient material for his literary work. However, Proust struggled to find his literary voice in his early years. His first attempts at writing, including a collection of essays and short stories, received little attention. Everything changed in 1909, when Proust began working on In Search of Lost Time. This seven-volume novel, which took over a decade to complete, is considered his masterpiece. It is filled with detailed descriptions of social events, noble circles, and the complexities of human relationships. The famous opening scene, where the taste of a Madeleine cake triggers a flood of memories, captures the essence of Proust’s exploration of involuntary memory — the idea that small sensory experiences can unlock forgotten moments from the past. Proust’s health continued to decline as he worked on his novel. He spent his final years confined to his bedroom, writing tirelessly. He passed away on November 18,1922, leaving behind a literary legacy that continues to inspire readers and writers alike. Marcel Proust’s life reminds us that great art often arises from personal struggle and reflection. His ability to capture the fleeting nature of time and memory has made In Search of Lost Time a timeless work, celebrated for its beauty and insight into the human condition. 66．How did Proust’s experiences in Parisian high society impact his writing? A．They became a rich source of material for his writing. B．They made him more interested in writing. C．They offered him chances to befriend the upper class. D．They helped him gain more confidence. 67．What can we know about the novel In Search of Lost Time? A．It was not well-received at first. B．It was set in Paris and completed in 1922. C．It described the kindness of human beings in detail. D．It highlighted the function of sensory experiences. 68．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Proust spent an easy and carefree childhood. B．Proust’s mother was indifferent to his intellectual pursuits. C．Proust’s efforts and reflection shaped his literary masterpiece. D．Proust’s work was about the relationship between nature and humans. 69．According to the whole text, how can we describe Marcel Proust? A．Generous. B．Insightful. C．Tolerant. D．Humorous. （十九） (湖北省部分高中2024-2025学年高二下学期期中)A gala evening titled The Spirit of the Great Wall, performed by China’s Jilin Provincial International Cultural Exchange Center, was held in London on Monday. Inspired by stories surrounding China’s monumental construction, the Great Wall, the event featured a variety of performances, including dance, traditional folk opera, acrobatics, and martial arts, displaying the country’s diverse ethnic cultures. The show featured 13 performances, starting with a grand display that amazed the audience with the powerful and spirited beats of Chinese drums. The audience was also attracted by the graceful elegance of the folk dances. A group of dancers, wearing red straw hats and flowing red skirts, moved gracefully to the center of the stage, with their grace dance steps showing the unique beauty of the East. The art group from Northeast China’s Jilin province also brought their show to Edinburgh from August 12 to 14 during the Edinburgh International Festival, one of the world’s most famous arts festivals, held in the Scottish capital. The performing group from Jilin province in Northeast China graced the Edinburgh International Festival with their performance, bringing a unique cultural experience that increased the event’s pleasure for all those present. “We hope that, through the performance, United Kingdom audiences can understand the deep meaning of traditional Chinese culture and experience its diverse ethnic traditions,” said Sha Bin, director of the Jilin Provincial International Cultural Exchange Center. 70．What is the first paragraph mainly concerned with? A．The location of the performance. B．The purpose of the performance. C．The diversity of Chinese culture. D．The organization of a cultural event. 71．What do we know about the performances? A．They were held in London and Edinburgh. B．They featured mainly Chinese dances. C．They were organized by the UK. D．They lasted for a week. 72．What does the underlined word “graced” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Comforted B．Honored. C．Admired. D．Touched. 73．What does Sha Bin’s statement imply? A．He has high expectations for the performance. B．He hopes to improve the performances. C．He is satisfied with the audience’s reaction. D．He wants to organize more events. （二十） (广东省深圳市部分学校2024-2025学年高二下学期期中)MOSCOW — Moscow unveiled (揭幕) a themed metro train on Wednesday to mark the start of the Spring Festival, the traditional Chinese New Year according to the lunar calendar. Speaking at a ceremony celebrating the launch of the train, Chinese Ambassador to Russia Zhang Hanhui noted that the Spring Festival is gaining popularity in Russia, becoming an important part of Moscow’ s cultural life and a bright symbol of the friendship between the two countries. “The train, decorated with elements of the Chinese Spring Festival, will attract the attention of Muscovites (莫斯科人) and tourists from all over the world,” the Chinese ambassador said. “They will be able to experience the culture of this wonderful holiday in a new way and share the joy and good fortune that it brings to the Chinese people,” he added. Russian Foreign Ministry spokesperson Maria Zakharova said this joint project is carried out within the framework of the China-Russia Years of Culture in 2024 and 2025. “The photographs and symbols featured on the train will help our citizens learn more about China in a natural setting,” she said. According to Moscow Deputy Mayor Maxim Liksutov, this unique metro train serves as a symbol of the good relations between the two countries and a tribute (致敬) to the Chinese people. It will give Muscovites and visitors to the Russian capital an opportunity to learn more about the Chinese culture and the traditions of the Chinese New Year. The train is decorated in red, a color that symbolizes happiness, joy, good luck and prosperity in Chinese culture. The exterior is decorated with a snake, the zodiac of the new year, as well as a Chinese dragon. Inside, passengers can enjoy photographs of New Year celebrations in China. The Russian capital kicked off “Chinese New Year in Moscow” festival on Manezhnaya Square on Tuesday. The event, comprising many cultural activities with Chinese characteristics, will last until Feb. 9, and will be held at two dozen locations in the capital. 74．What is mentioned in Chinese Ambassador to Russia Zhang Hanhui’s speech? A．More and more Russians start to learn Chinese. B．The train acts as a tribute to the Chinese people. C．The train will appeal to Muscovites and travelers. D．Russians can head to China to spend the Spring Festival. 75．How is the train decorated according to the text? A．The train is pained in red and yellow. B．A snake can be seen outside the train. C．The inside is decorated with a Chinese dragon. D．Photos of New Year celebrations in Russia are on the train. 76．What does the underlined word “comprising” in the last paragraph mean? A．Separating. B．Reminding. C．Monitoring. D．Including. 77．What can be the best title for the news report? A．Russia launches themed train to mark Chinese New Year B．Russians learning more about traditions of Chinese New Year C．Framework of China-Russia Years of Culture in 2024 and 2025 D．Metro train serves as symbol of good relations between Russia and China 1 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年高二年级下学期期末专项通关 专题01 阅读理解20篇 （一） (福建省福州第一中学2024-2025学年高二下学期期中)Edward Wilson is America's, if not the world’s, leading naturalist. In The  Future of Life, he takes us on a tour of the world's natural resources. How are they used? What has been lost? What remains and is it able to continue with the present speed of use? Wilson also points out the need to understand fully the biodiversity of our earth. Wilson begins with an open letter to the pioneer in environment protection, Henry David Thoreau. He compares today’s Walden Pond with that of Thoreau’s day. Wilson will use such comparisons for the rest of the book. The problem is clear: man has done great damage to his home over the years. We may wonder whether the earth, with human help, be made to return to biodiversity levels that will be able to support us in the future? Biodiversity, Wilson argues, is the key to settling many problems the earth faces today Even our agricultural crops can gain advantages from it. A mere hundred species are the basis of our food supply, of which around twenty carry the load. Wilson suggests changing this situation by looking into ten thousand species that could be made use of, which will be a way to reduce the clearing of the natural homes of plants and animals to enlarge farming areas. At the end of the book, Wilson discusses the importance of human values in considering the environment. If you are to continue to live on the earth, you may well read and act on the ideas in this book. 1．What does Wilson care most about? A．The environment for plants. B．The ecological variety of life on earth. C．The wastes of natural resources. D．The importance of human values. 2．Why is the open letter to Thoreau mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To express Wilson's longing for the past. B．To highlight the desperation of mankind. C．To emphasize man-caused damage to the environment. D．To call for more help to change the current situation. 3．How many species are most important to our present food supply? A．Twenty. B．Eighty. C．One hundred. D．Ten thousand. 4．What is this text most likely? A．An advocacy article. B．A research report. C．A book review. D．An introduction to a scientist. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Edward Wilson《生命的未来》这本书的相关内容。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Wilson also points out the need to understand fully the biodiversity of our earth.(威尔逊还指出，我们需要充分了解地球上的生物多样性)” 以及第三段中“Biodiversity, Wilson argues, is the key to settling many problems the earth faces today Even our agricultural crops can gain advantages from it.(威尔逊认为，生物多样性是解决地球当前面临的诸多问题的关键，甚至我们的农作物也能从中受益)”可知，Wilson最关心的是地球上生命的生态多样性（即生物多样性）。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“He compares today’s Walden Pond with that of Thoreau’s day. Wilson will use such comparisons for the rest of the book. The problem is clear: man has done great damage to his home over the years.(他将如今的瓦尔登湖与梭罗所处时代的瓦尔登湖进行了对比。在本书接下来的内容里，威尔逊还会运用这样的对比手法。问题很清晰：多年来，人类对自己的家园造成了巨大的破坏)”可知，提到给Thoreau的公开信，是通过对比今天的瓦尔登湖和Thoreau那个时代的瓦尔登湖，强调人类多年来对自己家园（即环境）造成的巨大破坏。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“A mere hundred species are the basis of our food supply, of which around twenty carry the load.(仅仅一百种物种构成了我们食物供应的基础，而其中大约二十种物种承担了主要的（供应）任务 )”可知，对我们目前的食物供应来说最重要的物种大约有二十种。故选A。 4．推理判断题。文章开头介绍了Edward Wilson是著名的博物学家以及他的《生命的未来》这本书，接着介绍了书中的一些内容，包括对地球生物多样性的关注、人类对环境造成的破坏、生物多样性对解决地球问题的关键作用以及书的结尾对人类价值观在考虑环境问题时的重要性的讨论等，最后还提到如果要继续在地球上生活，或许应该阅读并践行书中的观点。由此可推断本文最有可能是一篇书评。故选C。 （二） (山东省临沂市2024-2025学年高二下学期4月期中) Four international competitions for high school studentsThe iGEM Competition Location: Varies; often held in Europe or Asia. Cost: Participation fee required, plus travel expenses. The International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) Competition is a unique global event that invites high school students to explore the world of biological technology. Teams collaborate under the guidance of teachers to design, build, and test genetically engineered systems using standard biological parts. The World Scholar’s Cup Location: Regional and global rounds held in various countries outside the U.S. Cost: Participation fee for teams. This global competition encourages students to explore a broad range of subjects, from science and history to literature and art, all within the context of a yearly theme. It promotes the joy of learning through events such as team debates, collaborative writing, and a quiz-style challenge known as the Scholar’s Bowl. The Diamond Challenge Location: Held outside the U.S., with virtual participation options. Cost: Free to enter. Participants are tasked with developing a practicable business concept, which they then present to judges. The challenge emphasizes the practical aspects of business planning, creativity, and strategic thinking, providing participants with constructive advice. The Breakthrough Junior Challenge Location: Online submission. Cost: Free to enter. The Breakthrough Junior Challenge aims to bring big scientific ideas to people all over the world. Participants can choose a concept or theory in mathematics, life sciences, or fundamental physics that’s important to understand but challenging to explain and create a short video to get the idea across in an engaging, inspiring, and creative way. 5．How is the iGEM Competition different from the others? A．It focuses on real-world problems. B．It requires teachers’instruction. C．It is free to participate in. D．It is held online. 6．Which competition will attract students interested in business operations? A．The iGEM Competition. B．The World Scholar’s Cup. C．The Diamond Challenge. D．The Breakthrough Junior Challenge. 7．What will the Breakthrough Junior Challenge’s participants do? A．Complete a project as a team. B．Write a themed research paper. C．Explain a complex science idea. D．Share an imaginative short story. 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个针对高中生的国际竞赛。 5．细节理解题。根据The iGEM Competition部分中“Teams collaborate under the guidance of teachers to design, build, and test genetically engineered systems using standard biological parts. (在教师的指导下，团队使用标准的生物部件来设计、构建和测试基因工程系统)”可知，iGEM竞赛与其他竞赛的不同之处在于它需要教师的指导。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据The Diamond Challenge部分中“Participants are tasked with developing a practicable business concept, which they then present to judges. (参赛者的任务是开发一个可行的商业概念，然后将其呈现给评委)”可知，The Diamond Challenge竞赛将吸引对商业运营感兴趣的学生。故选C。 7．细节理解题。根据The Breakthrough Junior Challenge部分中“Participants can choose a concept or theory in mathematics, life sciences, or fundamental physics that’s important to understand but challenging to explain and create a short video to get the idea across in an engaging, inspiring, and creative way. (参与者可以选择一个在数学、生命科学或基础物理学中重要但难以解释的概念或理论，并制作一个短视频，以一种引人入胜、鼓舞人心和创造性的方式传达这个想法)”可知，Breakthrough Junior Challenge竞赛的参与者将解释一个复杂的科学概念。故选C。 （三） (福建省三明市2024-2025学年高二下学期期中联考)In an era of overtourism, smart travelers increasingly seek hidden gems that offer authentic cultural immersion and unspoiled landscapes. These lesser-known destinations not only escape the crowds but also preserve unique traditions and breathtaking natural wonders — though visiting them often requires extra preparation. ·Civita di Bagnoregio, Italy Described as “the dying town”, this medieval (中世纪) village sits on top of a collapsing cliff in central Italy. Accessible only by a pedestrian bridge, its stone streets and Renaissance architecture offer a frozen-in-time atmosphere. Visit in early morning to avoid crowds. Note: Limited public transport; check bridge access during bad weather. ·Sirince, Turkey Near Ephesus, this former Greek village charms visitors with cobblestone alleys and peach-colored houses. Famous for fruit wines, Sirince provides authentic local experiences. Note: Respect conservative dress codes in rural areas and avoid discussing political topics. ·Lofoten Islands, Norway This Arctic Archipelago boasts dramatic bay and traditional red fishing cabins. Ideal for northern lights viewing (September-March)or midnight sun hikes (June-July). Note: Weather changes rapidly, pack layered clothing and waterproof gear. ·Yakushima Island, Japan A NESCO site with 1,000-year-old cedar (雪松) forests that inspired Studio Ghibli’s Princess Mononoke. Trails range from easy walks to challenging 10-hour hikes. Note: Reserve mountain huts in advance for multi-day treks (跋涉) and follow strict ecological guidelines to protect wildlife. 8．What should visitors to Civita di Bagnoregio confirm before arrival? A．Mountain hut availability. B．Bridge accessibility. C．Northern lights schedule. D．Wine-tasting reservations. 9．Why might tourists need to adjust their behavior in Sirince? A．To protect ancient forests. B．Due to rapid weather changes. C．Because of political sensitivities. D．For midnight sun photography. 10．Which destination is most suitable for green travelers? A．Civita di Bagnoregio, Italy. B．Sirince, Turkey. C．Lofoten Islands, Norway. D．Yakushima Island, Japan. 【答案】8．B 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个相对不那么知名但值得一游的旅游目的地，为希望避开过度旅游、寻求真实文化体验和未受破坏自然景观的旅行者提供了详细的旅游信息和建议。 8．细节理解题。根据“·Civita di Bagnoregio, Italy”部分中的“Note: Limited public transport; check bridge access during bad weather.(注意事项：公共交通有限；恶劣天气时需查看桥梁是否可以通行)”可知，前往意大利巴尼奥雷焦的奇维塔的游客需要注意公共交通有限，并且在恶劣天气时要查看桥梁是否可以通行。故选B。 9．细节理解题。根据“·Sirince, Turkey”部分中的“Note: Respect conservative dress codes in rural areas and avoid discussing political topics.(注意事项：在乡村地区要尊重保守的着装规范，避免讨论政治话题)”可知，在土耳其的希林杰，由于政治敏感性，游客可能需要调整他们的行为。故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据“·Yakushima Island, Japan”部分中的“A NESCO site with 1,000-year-old cedar (雪松) forests that inspired Studio Ghibli’s Princess Mononoke.(屋久岛是联合国教科文组织认定的世界遗产地，岛上有千年古雪松森林，吉卜力工作室的电影《幽灵公主》的灵感就来源于此)”以及“Note: Reserve mountain huts in advance for multi-day treks (跋涉) and follow strict ecological guidelines to protect wildlife.(注意事项：若进行多日徒步旅行，需提前预订山间小屋，并严格遵守生态准则以保护野生动物)”可知，该目的地注重生态保护。由此可知，最适合绿色旅行者的目的地是日本的屋久岛。故选D。 （四） (湖北省教育教学改革联盟学校2024-2025学年高二下学期期中联考) NAIROBI — Mirriam Wambui, a 13-year-old student, speaks Chinese with the confidence of a seasoned linguist despite having only two years of exposure to the language. She won the Kenyan Chinese Bridge Competition, ranked sixth in Africa and made it to the top 30 globally at the contest in Tianjin in late October. “I was overjoyed to win in Kenya,” Mirriam says. Her journey with the Chinese language began through her eldest brother, who traveled to China in 2015 to pursue a master’s degree in Chinese. When he returned to visit their family in Nairobi in 2019, Mirriam was impressed by his fluency in Chinese. “My brother came back with a cellphone I had never seen before, and everything he brought, including electronics, was made in China. I became curious about this country that seemed to produce so much,” she says with a giggle. Inspired, she enrolled in Chinese language classes two years ago. In May, with only two weeks left, she asked to join the school’s Chinese Bridge team. “My teacher was shocked as I wasn’t initially picked, but I believed in myself and went all out to prepare.” she says. Her confidence paid off. At Kenyatta University, she wowed judges and won a laptop, trophy (奖杯) and a sponsored China trip. In October, she visited China. “People were so nice,” she says. Her success inspired peers to learn Chinese. Teacher Charity Atunga says Chinese is the most popular of three options, with 90 of 200 students choosing it. “Support from parents and schools makes it great. Students see benefits like scholarships,” Atunga adds. She herself studied in China on a scholarship and later became a teacher. Kenyatta University, in partnership with Shandong Normal University, hosts the Chinese Bridge Competition for high school students in Kenya. Through this partnership, over 300 Kenyan students have traveled to China. “I want to become an ambassador in the future and learn more about Chinese language and culture.” says Mirriam. 11．What inspired Mirriam to learn Chinese? A．Attractive scholarships for Chinese learners. B．Her brother’s wonderful experience in China. C．Benefits of Chinese learning from her teacher. D．Eagerness to win the Chinese Bridge Competition. 12．Which of the following best describes Mirriam? A．Confident and ambitious. B．Determined and patriotic. C．Generous and adventurous. D．Caring and thoughtful. 13．What can we learn from the text? A．Self-belief and efforts count. B．Rome is not built in one day. C．The early bird catches the worm. D．Actions speak louder than words. 14．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Scholarships Open Doors to Chinese Education in Kenya. B．A Kenyan Girl Explores Chinese Culture and Innovation. C．“Made in China” Inspires Kenyan Teens to Embrace Mandarin. D．Kenyan Teen’s Chinese Bridge Win Fuels National Learning Passion. 【答案】11．B 12．A 13．A 14．D 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了13岁肯尼亚学生Mirriam Wambui受哥哥影响学习中文，取得优异成绩并激励同龄人学习中文，展现语言学习对跨文化交流和个人发展的意义。 11．推理判断题  根据第二段的“Her journey with the Chinese language began through her eldest brother, who traveled to China in 2015 to pursue a master’s degree in Chinese. When he returned to visit their family in Nairobi in 2019, Mirriam was impressed by his fluency in Chinese. “My brother came back with a cellphone I had never seen before, and everything he brought, including electronics, was made in China. I became curious about this country that seemed to produce so much,” she says with a giggle.(她的中文之旅始于她的大哥，他于2015年前往中国攻读中文硕士学位。2019年，当他回到内罗毕看望他们的家人时，米里亚姆对他流利的中文印象深刻。“我哥哥带回来一款我从未见过的手机，他带来的所有东西，包括电子产品，都是中国制造的。我对这个似乎能生产这么多东西的国家感到好奇，”她咯咯笑着说。)”可知，是她哥哥在中国的精彩经历，包括哥哥的中文流利程度以及从中国带回的东西，让她对中国产生了好奇，从而激励她学习中文。故选B。 12．推理判断题。根据第三段的“In May, with only two weeks left, she asked to join the school’s Chinese Bridge team. “My teacher was shocked as I wasn’t initially picked, but I believed in myself and went all out to prepare.” she says.(今年5月，在学校只剩两周的时候，她要求加入学校的汉语桥牌队。“我的老师很震惊，因为我一开始没有被选中，但我相信自己，全力以赴做好准备。”她说。)”可以得出她很自信也很努力，相信自己即使一开始没被选上也能成功加入团队并取得好成绩；从最后一段““I want to become an ambassador in the future and learn more about Chinese language and culture.” says Mirriam.( “我将来想成为一名大使，学习更多关于中国语言和文化的知识。”米里亚姆说。)”可知她有远大的志向，想成为一名大使并深入学习中国语言和文化，所以她是自信且有抱负的，故选A。 13．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Inspired, she enrolled in Chinese language classes two years ago. In May, with only two weeks left, she asked to join the school’s Chinese Bridge team. “My teacher was shocked as I wasn’t initially picked, but I believed in myself and went all out to prepare.” she says.( 受此启发，她在两年前报名参加了汉语班。今年5月，在学校只剩两周的时候，她要求加入学校的汉语桥牌队。“我的老师很震惊，因为我一开始没有被选中，但我相信自己，全力以赴做好准备。她说。)”和第四段“Her confidence paid off. At Kenyatta University, she wowed judges and won a laptop, trophy (奖杯)  and a sponsored China trip. In October, she visited China. “People were so nice,” she says.( 她的信心得到了回报。在肯雅塔大学，她赢得了评委们的喝彩，赢得了一台笔记本电脑、一个奖杯和一次赞助的中国之旅。10月，她访问了中国。“人们都很好，”她说。)”可知，Mirriam相信自己能加入团队，并且通过自己的努力最终在汉语桥比赛中取得了好成绩，她的成功证明了自信和努力是很重要的。故选A。 14．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是第一段内容“NAIROBI—Mirriam Wambui, a 13-year-old student, speaks Chinese with the confidence of a seasoned linguist despite having only two years of exposure to the language. She won the Kenyan Chinese Bridge Competition, ranked sixth in Africa and made it to the top 30 globally at the contest in Tianjin in late October.(内罗毕——13岁的学生米里亚姆·万布伊虽然只接触过两年中文，但她说中文时却像一位经验丰富的语言学家一样自信。她赢得了肯尼亚汉语桥牌比赛，在非洲排名第六，并在10月下旬在天津举行的比赛中进入全球前30名。)”可知，文章主要讲述了13岁的Mirriam学习中文的经历，她在汉语桥比赛中取得好成绩，并且她的成功激发了她的同龄人学习中文的兴趣，所以D选项“肯尼亚少年汉语桥夺冠激发全国学习热情”最适合作为文章标题。故选D。 （五） (浙江省S9联盟2024-2025学年高二下学期4月期中)Employees in China may take a breath from the grueling “996 work culture” — where people work from 9 am to 9 pm, six days a week, as several Chinese conglomerates have issued internal reminders to prevent overtime working or meaningless competition in the rat race under the name of formalism. The central government has also shown greater determination to regulate the unwholesome work culture. In a recent released action plan, local authorities are urged to better protect workers’ rights to rest and tighten supervision over employers’ behaviors of illegally lengthening the working hours of employees without permission. Before the release of the action plan, several domestic companies have shown tactful gestures to relax the tiring working schedules. Employees on the Chinese mainland have seen increasing working hours in recent years, even longer than the regulated length by the nation’s Labor Law, and the employees’ complaints about the unreasonable schedules have intensified after the “996 work culture” being promoted among some large companies or industrial titans. “My colleagues and I usually joke that we got ‘sense of shame’ stepping out of the office at 6 pm sharp. It has been a wired stereotype that you are not hardworking if you don’t stay up very late for work in the office,” said Wang Xiaofeng, a telecommunications engineer in Beijing who works from 9 am to 8 pm and on Saturday every other week. The 30-year-old said he was happy to see this news and hopes that his company can relax the working schedules someday, as the job has almost taken all his time so far. He, however, also has concerns about these early duty-off policies, as it may be hard to quantify the overtime work and overtime fees if the employee has to continue the work after back home. Experts and industry insiders said that the measures taken by companies to shorten working hours or optimize working patterns will help protect the employees’ working rights, health — both physical and psychological, and win themselves better future prospects by putting more emphasis and cares on humanistic concern. Both overtime work and “996 work culture” are moves to help companies earn greater market share in the fierce commercial competition. However, as job-seekers’ ideas about career, labor relations and working patterns may have all changed in the new era, employers may find that their workers are losing passions or loyalty for the job by simply asking them to work overtime. Unreasonable work cultures like 996 have hurt people’s working rights, under which the employees are hard to balance their personal life and the work, and may have health or marriage problems due to the unreasonable working schedules of rat race. 15．Why does Wang mention having a “sense of shame” when leaving work at 6 pm? A．To criticize his colleagues for being lazy. B．To show his pride in finishing work early and effectively. C．To highlight the social pressure to appear hardworking through long hours. D．To explain the reason why he prefers working from home. 16．According to experts, what is a potential benefit of reducing working hours? A．Companies will immediately gain higher profits. B．Overtime fees will become easier to calculate. C．Job-seekers will prioritize salary over work-life balance. D．Employees’ physical health and job loyalty may improve. 17．What does the term “rat race” in the passage most likely refer to? A．A stressful competition for career advancement. B．A sports competition among coworkers. C．A traditional Chinese festival performance. D．A government policy to limit overtime. 18．What is the main focus of the passage? A．The history of China’s “996 work culture” and its economic benefits. B．The challenges employees face in balancing work and personal life. C．Recent efforts by companies and the government to address excessive overtime culture. D．A comparison between traditional and modern working patterns in China. 【答案】15．C 16．D 17．A 18．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国一些企业和政府为解决“996”过度加班文化所做的努力，还提及员工现状、担忧及减少工时的潜在好处。 15．推理判断题。根据第三段中Wang的话“My colleagues and I usually joke that we got ‘sense of shame’ stepping out of the office at 6 pm sharp. It has been a wired stereotype that you are not hardworking if you don’t stay up very late for work in the office (我和同事们经常开玩笑说，我们在下午6点整离开办公室时感到“羞愧”。一直以来，人们都有一种刻板印象：如果你在办公室工作不熬夜，那你就不努力)”可知，存在一种观念，即不在办公室熬夜工作就会被认为不努力，这体现了通过长时间工作来展现勤奋的社会压力。由此推知，Wang提到6点下班有“羞耻感”是为了强调这种社会压力。故选C项。 16．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Experts and industry insiders said that the measures taken by companies to shorten working hours or optimize working patterns will help protect the employees’ working rights, health — both physical and psychological, and win themselves better future prospects by putting more emphasis and cares on humanistic concern. (专家和业内人士表示，企业采取缩短工作时间或优化工作模式的措施，将有助于保护员工的工作权利、身心健康，并通过更加注重人文关怀为自身赢得更好的未来前景)”和第五段中“However, as job-seekers’ ideas about career, labor relations and working patterns may have all changed in the new era, employers may find that their workers are losing passions or loyalty for the job by simply asking them to work overtime.(然而，由于求职者对职业、劳资关系和工作模式的看法在新时代可能都发生了变化，雇主可能会发现，仅仅要求他们加班，他们的员工就会失去对工作的热情或忠诚度)”可知，减少工作时间有助于保护员工身心健康，还能让员工对工作更有热情和忠诚度。故选D项。 17．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Employees in China may take a breath from the grueling “996 work culture” — where people work from 9 am to 9 pm, six days a week, as several Chinese conglomerates have issued internal reminders to prevent overtime working or meaningless competition in the rat race under the name of formalism. (中国的员工可能会从令人精疲力竭的“996”工作文化中喘口气——即每周从早上9点工作到晚上9点，每周工作6天，因为几家中国企业集团已经发出内部提醒，防止以形式主义之名进行加班或在激烈竞争中进行无意义的竞争)”以及最后一段中“Unreasonable work cultures like 996 have hurt people’s working rights, under which the employees are hard to balance their personal life and the work, and may have health or marriage problems due to the unreasonable working schedules of rat race.(像996这样不合理的工作文化伤害了人们的工作权利，在这种文化下，员工很难平衡自己的个人生活和工作，并且由于不合理的工作时间安排，激烈的竞争可能会导致健康或婚姻问题)”可推知，“rat race”指的是为了职业发展而进行的激烈且有压力的竞争。故选A项。 18．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Employees in China may take a breath from the grueling “996 work culture” — where people work from 9 am to 9 pm, six days a week, as several Chinese conglomerates have issued internal reminders to prevent overtime working or meaningless competition in the rat race under the name of formalism. The central government has also shown greater determination to regulate the unwholesome work culture.(中国的员工或许可以从令人筋疲力尽的“996工作文化”中松一口气了。“996工作文化”指的是人们从早9点工作到晚9点，每周工作6天。一些中国企业集团已发布内部提醒，以防止加班或以形式主义的名义在激烈的竞争中进行无意义的竞争。中央政府也显示出更大的决心来规范不良的工作文化)”、第二段中“In a recent released action plan, local authorities are urged to better protect workers’ rights to rest and tighten supervision over employers’ behaviors of illegally lengthening the working hours of employees without permission.(在最近发布的一项行动计划中，地方政府被要求更好地保护工人的休息权利，并加强对雇主未经许可非法延长员工工作时间的行为的监督)”和第二段中“In a recent released action plan, local authorities are urged to better protect workers’ rights to rest and tighten supervision over employers’ behaviors of illegally lengthening the working hours of employees without permission.(在最近发布的一项行动计划中，地方政府被要求更好地保护工人的休息权利，并加强对雇主未经许可非法延长员工工作时间的行为的监督)”可知，全文聚焦于企业和政府为应对过度加班文化作出的努力。故选C项。 （六） (云南省昭通一中教研联盟2024~2025学年高二下学期期中质检)My daughter is a smart kid, but she’d never read an entire chapter book for pleasure. She had never developed any habit of classic deep reading — with two eyes in front of paper, and nothing else going on. When I faced this truth, it felt like a parenting failure. Even though we’d read many storybooks when she was younger and we lived in a house stuffed with books, I hadn’t managed to instill (灌输) one of life’s fundamental pleasures in my kid. As a lifelong reader, I understand how reading enhances the fabric of our experience. Yet my daughter claimed to dislike reading. I told her reading novels was the best way to learn about how people’s insides work. She said she could learn more from the people on social media, who were all about spilling their insides. I said books offered storytelling. She said, “Smartphones.” I said books taught history. She said, “The Internet.” I could not win our debates, because few of my daughter’s arguments against reading seemed wrong to me. Yes, reading is a way to discover new worlds-so is the entire Internet. But that’s not why I wanted my daughter to pick up a book. It was about experiencing a certain magic. You know when an author describes a feeling you didn’t have, and a hundred light bulbs go off on the top of your head? I wanted her to have a chance at feeling that. A screen-based medium can’t create this kind of relationship because, by its nature, the medium must fill in all the blanks for you. Books leave space for blanks — and for the internal invention they can inspire. So I decided to cut through all the reasoning with a cold, hard practicality: cash. I told my 11-year-old I would pay her $ 100 to read a novel within a month. Of course, she said yes. She finished the book in seven days. Then she even asked for the sequel (续集) — at no extra charge. Will this lead to her reading Little Women? Will it result in a lifelong habit of reading? I don’t know. What I do know is that I finally opened a new door for her to the printed page. That feels like the best money I ever spent. 19．What situation does the author face? A．Failing to get along well with her daughter. B．Failing to meet her daughter’s emotional needs. C．Failing to develop a reading habit in her daughter. D．Failing to provide enough storybooks in the house. 20．Why does the author want her daughter to read books? A．To help her fill in all the blanks. B．To help her discover new worlds. C．To let her feel a moment of deep connection. D．To help her spend less time on the Internet. 21．How does the author feel about spending $100 to encourage her daughter to read? A．She regrets spending the money. B．She feels disappointed with the final outcome. C．She is confident in her daughter’s future choices. D．She is unsure if it will lead to a love of reading. 22．What could be the best title for the passage? A．The Magic of Books in a Digital Age B．Creating a Reader: A Mother’s Journey C．Encouraging Reading: Tips for Children D．The Decline of Reading Among Children 【答案】19．C 20．C 21．D 22．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者的女儿不喜欢阅读，作者想办法帮助女儿养成阅读习惯的经历。 19．细节理解题。根据第一段中“She had never developed any habit of classic deep reading — with two eyes in front of paper, and nothing else going on.(她从来没有养成过任何经典深度阅读的习惯——两只眼睛看着纸，什么都不做)”可知，作者感觉没有在女儿身上培养出阅读习惯。故选C项。 20．推理判断题。根据第三段中“It was about experiencing a certain magic. You know when an author describes a feeling you didn’t have, and a hundred light bulbs go off on the top of your head? I wanted her to have a chance at feeling that.(这是关于体验某种魔力。你知道吗，当一位作家描述了一种你没有的感觉，一百个灯泡在你头顶上亮起了？我希望她有机会感受到这一点)”可知，作者希望女儿通过阅读感受到作家描述的一种自己没有的感觉；由此推知，作者想让女儿读书，因为想让她感受到一段深深的联系，与作家想要表达的情感产生共鸣。故选C项。 21．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“I told my 11-year-old I would pay her $ 100 to read a novel within a month. Of course, she said yes. She finished the book in seven days. Then she even asked for the sequel (续集) — at no extra charge. Will this lead to her reading Little Women? Will it result in a lifelong habit of reading? I don’t know.(我告诉我11岁的女儿，我会给她100美元，让她在一个月内读完一本小说。当然，她答应了。她在七天内完成了这本书。然后她甚至要求要续集——不额外收费。这会让她读《小妇人》吗？这会帮她养成终身阅读的习惯吗？我不知道)”可知，对于花100美元鼓励女儿读书，作者不确定这是否会让她爱上阅读。故选D项。 22．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段关键句“She had never developed any habit of classic deep reading — with two eyes in front of paper，and nothing else going on.(她从来没有养成过任何经典深度阅读的习惯——两只眼睛看着纸，什么都不做)”以及最后一段中“What I do know is that I finally opened a new door for her to the printed page. That feels like the best money I ever spent.(我所知道的是，我终于为她打开了一扇通往书本的新大门。我觉得这是我迄今为止最好的一项花销)”可知，本文主要讲述了作者的女儿不喜欢阅读，作者想办法帮助女儿养成阅读习惯的经历，B选项“Creating a Reader: A Mother’s Journey”意为“创造一个读者：一位母亲的旅程”，能够概括文章主要主旨，是文章的最佳标题。故选B项。 （七） (山东省部分学校-2024-2025学年高二下学期4月阶段性诊断)When Ghanaian photojournalist Paul Ninson initially pursued a career in photography, he found the challenge discouraging. Photography isn’t exactly valued as a career in Ghana, Ninson says, “If you tell your parents you’re going to be a photographer, it was like, ‘Yuck, what? Go be a lawyer.’” But Ninson felt photography was his calling. Deeply influenced by the family history of storytelling passed down through his grandparents and later attracted by a friend’s images, he developed a love for photography. He sold his mobile phone, bought a camera and began studying photography. Though Ninson began his journey with commercial photography, he soon shifted his focus to stories closer to his heart — those of African history and culture that he would capture as a photojournalist. Ninson still sought formal education in photojournalism. Unable to find a suitable program in Africa, he left Ghana in 2019 to study in New York City. There, he read the center’s hundreds of photobooks. In Ghana, he only had access to five or six of such books. As he ventured deeper into the city, he discovered more visual histories of Africa than he had experienced at home, such as documentation of Ghana’s first president at the New York Public Library. The libraries Ninson visited were unwilling to give him their archives (档案) to return to Africa, which led to his idea of creating a leading photobook library in Africa that held such stories. This idea has been realized with the creation of Dikan Center in Accra, Ghana’s capital. In Ghanaian artist Daniella Afful’s eyes, Dikan Center is a spark for the growth of Ghana’s creative community. “Dikan Center has magnified (放大) art and photography. Dikan Center has kind of given us the hope that we may soon have a music library and we could have a film library in Ghana — anything just to preserve our history and make history.” 23．How did Ninson’s grandparents affect his career choice? A．They bought a camera for Ninson. B．They asked him to seek his friend’s advice. C．They showed many photos of his family. D．They carried on the storytelling tradition. 24．Why did Ninson go to America? A．He planned to sell hundreds of photobooks. B．He hunted for more approaches to culture. C．He desired for chances to better himself. D．He wanted to return to commercial photography. 25．Which of the following can best describe Ninson? A．Optimistic and humorous. B．Generous and caring. C．Innovative and hard-working. D．Brave and outgoing. 26．What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph? A．To highlight the significance of Dikan Center. B．To promote the development of art in Ghana. C．To call on people to build more libraries in Ghana. D．To discuss the challenges of preserving African history. 【答案】23．D 24．C 25．C 26．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了加纳摄影记者Paul Ninson克服社会偏见，坚持摄影梦想，并通过创立Dikan Center保存和传播非洲历史文化，激励了加纳创意社区的发展。 23．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Deeply influenced by the family history of storytelling passed down through his grandparents and later attracted by a friend’s images, he developed a love for photography. (深受祖父母传承下来的家族叙事传统影响，后来又被朋友的摄影作品所吸引，他逐渐爱上了摄影。)”可知，Ninson的祖父母通过传承讲故事的传统，影响了他选择摄影作为职业。故选D项。 24．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Unable to find a suitable program in Africa, he left Ghana in 2019 to study in New York City. (由于在非洲找不到合适的课程项目，他于2019年离开加纳前往纽约求学。)”可知，Ninson去美国是为了接受更好的教育，提升自己的摄影技能。故选C项。 25．推理判断题。根据第五段中“The libraries Ninson visited were unwilling to give him their archives (档案) to return to Africa, which led to his idea of creating a leading photobook library in Africa that held such stories. This idea has been realized with the creation of Dikan Center in Accra, Ghana’s capital. (Ninson走访的图书馆都不愿将馆藏档案交给他带回非洲，这促使他萌生了一个想法：在非洲建立一个能够保存这些影像故事的顶级摄影图书馆。这个构想最终在加纳首都阿克拉得以实现——Dikan Center由此诞生。)”可知，Ninson创立了Dikan Center，旨在保存非洲的历史和文化，这是一种创新举措；根据第二段中“He sold his mobile phone, bought a camera and began studying photography. (他卖掉了自己的手机，买了一台相机，开始学习摄影。)”和第四段中“Unable to find a suitable program in Africa, he left Ghana in 2019 to study in New York City. There, he read the center’s hundreds of photobooks. (由于在非洲找不到合适的课程项目，他于2019年离开加纳前往纽约求学。在那里，他研读了该中心收藏的数百本摄影集。)”可知，他卖掉手机购买相机，远赴纽约学习，阅读大量摄影书籍，都体现了他的勤奋。故选C项。 26．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In Ghanaian artist Daniella Afful’s eyes, Dikan Center is a spark for the growth of Ghana’s creative community. “Dikan Center has magnified (放大) art and photography. Dikan Center has kind of given us the hope that we may soon have a music library and we could have a film library in Ghana — anything just to preserve our history and make history.” (在加纳艺术家Daniella Afful眼中，Dikan Center是加纳创意社群发展的火种。“Dikan Center放大了艺术与摄影的价值。它让我们看到了希望——或许很快我们就能在加纳建立音乐图书馆、电影图书馆，任何能保存历史、创造历史的载体。”)”可知，最后一段通过加纳艺术家Daniella Afful的视角，强调Dikan Center对加纳创意社区的激励作用，并提到它给人们带来希望。因此，作者是在强调Dikan Center的重要性和影响力。故选A项。 （八） (台州六校2024-2025学年高二下学期4月期中)An IT company from Finland has developed a new font (字体) which uses machine learning to rewrite bad language into kinder words. More than a third of bullying takes place online, and the numbers are on the rise, according to a report by the United Nations’ educational organization UNESCO. TietoEVRY developed the Polite Type font as a new tool to deal with online bullying among kids, pointing out harmful language and causing users to pick kinder words. As users try to write hurtful English words, the font will automatically replace them. Writing “I hate you” would, for example, result in the milder “I disagree with you” when Polite Type is used on the computer. Sentences such as “you are ugly” is replaced with “you are not traditionally beautiful” while rude words are blurred completely. The company says it is the first example where a blur has been used as a symbol in a font package. Racial slurs (种族歧视语) are replaced with the racial group the slur is related to, rather than blurring the word entirely. The vocabulary of the font was co-created with teenagers from Finland. The font’s library of words was chosen to include language from different origins, religions, and world views, and will make adjustments as more people and businesses use it. In the future, TietoEVRY suggests that machine learning could be used to teach the font to understand how language is used. Polite Type can be now downloaded and used for free. “We want bullies to rethink the words they use and the actual meaning behind them,” said Kia Haring, global head of communication and sustainability at TietoEVRY. “I hope that our cause acts as a wake-up call for all audiences to consider how bullying could be handled.” 27．What is special about the Polite Type font according to the text? A．It includes a wider vocabulary. B．It hides all the unusual expressions. C．It consists of words and symbols. D．It prefers long sentences to short ones. 28．What can we expect of the Polite Type font in the Future? A．It will have more words blurred. B．It will be constantly updated. C．More racial groups will use it. D．Users will be charged with using it. 29．What does Kia Haring think of creating the Polite Type font? A．Inspiring. B．Unsuccessful. C．appealing. D．Imperfect. 30．What is the best title for the text? A．A font designed to fight online bullying B．Polite Type: the self-developing font C．Show others kindness by using a new font D．A font automatically avoids racial slurs 【答案】27．C 28．B 29．A 30．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一种旨在打击网络欺凌的新字体Polite Type，它利用机器学习技术将不礼貌的语言自动替换为更友善的词汇。 27．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Writing “I hate you” would, for example, result in the milder “I disagree with you” when Polite Type is used on the computer. Sentences such as “you are ugly” is replaced with “you are not traditionally beautiful” while rude words are blurred completely. The company says it is the first example where a blur has been used as a symbol in a font package. Racial slurs (种族歧视语) are replaced with the racial group the slur is related to, rather than blurring the word entirely.(例如，当在电脑上使用 Polite Type 字体时，输入“我恨你”，会显示为语气更温和的“我不同意你的观点”。像“你很丑”这样的句子会被替换为“你不是传统意义上的漂亮”，而粗鲁的词语会被完全模糊处理。该公司表示，这是首次在字体包中使用模糊符号。种族歧视语会被与其相关的种族群体名称所取代，而不是完全模糊该词)”可知，Polite Type字体的特别之处在于它由单词和符号组成。故选C。 28．推理判断题。根据第五段中“The font’s library of words was chosen to include language from different origins, religions, and world views, and will make adjustments as more people and businesses use it. In the future, TietoEVRY suggests that machine learning could be used to teach the font to understand how language is used.(该字体的词库包含了来自不同起源、宗教和世界观的语言，并将随着更多个人和企业的使用而做出调整。未来，TietoEVRY 公司表示，机器学习可用于教会该字体理解语言的使用方式)”可知，未来Polite Type字体会不断更新。故选B。 29．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““We want bullies to rethink the words they use and the actual meaning behind them,” said Kia Haring, global head of communication and sustainability at TietoEVRY. “I hope that our cause acts as a wake-up call for all audiences to consider how bullying could be handled.”(TietoEVRY 公司全球沟通与可持续发展主管起亚・哈林表示：“我们希望欺凌者重新思考他们使用的词语以及这些词语背后的真正含义。我希望我们所做的事情能给所有受众敲响警钟，让他们思考如何应对欺凌行为。”)”可知，起亚・哈林认为创建Polite Type字体是很有效果的，作用是鼓舞人心的。Inspiring表示“鼓舞人心的”，符合起亚・哈林对该字体的看法。故选A。 30．主旨大意题。根据第一段“An IT company from Finland has developed a new font (字体) which uses machine learning to rewrite bad language into kinder words.(芬兰的一家信息技术公司开发了一种新字体，该字体利用机器学习将恶语改写为更友善的话语)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一款旨在对抗网络欺凌的字体。“A font designed to fight online bullying(一种旨在打击网络欺凌的字体)”作为标题最合适。故选A。 （九） (安徽师范大学附属中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中)A group of researchers examined a decade of responses to an online survey on morals, analyzing how these responses varied from season to season. Their results indicate that, at a population level, people are less likely to support more traditional moral values during summer and winter. The researchers relied on data from a website named YourMorals.org, which provides a “moral foundations questionnaire” allowing respondents to express their level of agreement or disagreement with various moral statements. The questions were based on moral foundations theory, aiming to understand why morality seems to follow similar patterns among people from diverse cultures. According to this theory, morality can be categorized into five foundational values — care, fairness, loyalty, authority, and purity. These values fall into two groups: individualizing values and binding values. Not all types of values exhibited a clear seasonal pattern. For example, individualizing values, which emphasize the morality of individual rights, showed little variation over time and did not follow a seasonal trend. In contrast, binding values — those that prioritize group needs, such as loyalty, respect for authority, and purity of tradition — followed a biannual (一年两次的) pattern. To gain deeper insights into their findings, the researchers also studied patterns in Google search results related to anxiety. They discovered that population-level anxiety also followed a seasonal cycle — peaking in spring and fall, suggesting a possible correlation (关联性). Spring and fall are generally considered the most enjoyable seasons, so an increase in anxiety during these times may come as a surprise. But it’s possible that increases in school and work-related changes during these times could play some role. They also suggest that anxiety may decrease in winter due to seasonal holidays, and in summer because of warmer weather and increased vegetation (植被). “We often perceive moral values as unchanging principles that we hold close,” says Professor Hohm. However, they are actually influenced by various factors that we may not notice. Understanding how this happens can help us better comprehend and plan for seasonal shifts. 31．Which of the following might not follow a seasonal trend? A．Purity of tradition. B．Fairness among people. C．Loyalty to one’s party. D．Respect for authority. 32．What might be a possible reason for people feeling more anxious in spring and fall? A．Frequent transition of weather. B．Heightened social events and gatherings. C．New challenges from school and work. D．Reduced availability of fresh produce. 33．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Moral values remain constant over time. B．Planning is crucial in maintaining moral stability. C．The influence of morals on behavior is minimal. D．Moral changes can affect plan making. 34．What is the passage mainly about? A．Our moral values may change with the seasons. B．Anxiety is closely linked to external threats. C．Seasons influence our individualizing values. D．Individualizing values and binding values differ. 【答案】31．B 32．C 33．D 34．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究者对一项关于道德的在线调查的分析结果，发现人们的道德观念可能会随着季节的变化而变化。 31．细节理解题。根据第二段中“According to this theory, morality can be categorized into five foundational values — care, fairness, loyalty, authority, and purity. These values fall into two groups: individualizing values and binding values. (根据这一理论，道德可以分为五种基本观念——关心、公平、忠诚、权威和纯洁。这些观念分为两类：个体化观念和约束性观念)”和第三段“Not all types of values exhibited a clear seasonal pattern. For example, individualizing values, which emphasize the morality of individual rights, showed little variation over time and did not follow a seasonal trend. In contrast, binding values — those that prioritize group needs, such as loyalty, respect for authority, and purity of tradition — followed a biannual (一年两次的) pattern. (并非所有类型的观念都表现出明显的季节性模式。例如，强调个人权利的道德性的个性化观念，随着时间的推移几乎没有变化，也没有遵循季节性趋势。相比之下，具有约束力的观念——那些优先考虑群体需求的观念，如忠诚、尊重权威和传统的纯洁——遵循两年一次的模式)”可知，不同于忠诚、权威和纯洁，公平不属于优先考虑群体需求的约束性观念，而属于强调个人权利的道德性的个体化观念，它不遵循季节性趋势。故选B项。 32．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Spring and fall are generally considered the most enjoyable seasons, so an increase in anxiety during these times may come as a surprise. But it’s possible that increases in school and work-related changes during these times could play some role. (春天和秋天通常被认为是最令人愉快的季节，所以在这段时间里焦虑的增加可能会让人感到意外。但在这些时间里，学校和工作相关变化的增加可能会起到一些作用)”可知，人们在春季和秋季感到焦虑的一个可能原因是来自学校和工作的新挑战。故选C项。 33．推理判断题。根据最后一段““We often perceive moral values as unchanging principles that we hold close,” says Professor Hohm. However, they are actually influenced by various factors that we may not notice. Understanding how this happens can help us better comprehend and plan for seasonal shifts. (“我们通常认为道德观念是我们所坚守的不变的原则，”Hohm教授说。然而，它们实际上受到我们可能没有注意到的各种因素的影响。了解这是如何发生的，可以帮助我们更好地理解和计划季节变化)”可知，了解道德观念如何受到各种因素的影响可以帮助我们更好地理解和规划季节性的变化。由此可知，道德变化会影响计划的制定。故选D项。 34．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“A group of researchers examined a decade of responses to an online survey on morals, analyzing how these responses varied from season to season. Their results indicate that, at a population level, people are less likely to support more traditional moral values during summer and winter. (一组研究人员调查了十年来对一项关于道德的在线调查的回应，分析了这些回应在不同季节的变化。他们的研究结果表明，在人口水平上，人们在夏天和冬天不太可能支持更传统的道德观念)”可知，文章主要介绍了研究者对一项关于道德的在线调查的分析结果，发现人们的道德观念可能会随着季节的变化而变化。因此，A项“我们的道德观念可能会随着季节而变化”是文章主旨；B项与文章主旨关系不大，C项只涉及了文章中的一部分内容，D项虽然提到了文章中的两个概念，但并不是文章的主要焦点。故选A项。 （十） (四川省成都外国语学校2024-2025学年高二下学期期中)Wang Yongxian, who was born in 1950 in Taiyuan, the capital of north China’s Shanxi Province, is a Chinese expert in the restoration of ancient Chinese buildings. Since 1972, Wang has restored over 100 precious ancient buildings. At the age of 22, Wang joined the cultural relics working committee of Shanxi Province working on surveys, mapping, and restoration of ancient buildings. For years, he roamed the wilderness, devoting himself to the preservation of temples and pagodas (佛塔). At that time, many valuable historical buildings had suffered severe damage from natural elements, leaving them ruined and on the edge of collapse. Wang saw himself as a “firefighter” on the front lines, racing against time to rescue these structures. In his early 20s, Wang once dreamed of a more attractive city life and even considered changing jobs. But witnessing the devotion and sacrifice of senior experts changed his mind. One day, while accompanying Chinese architectural historian Luo Zhewen to inspect the Wooden Pagoda of Yingxian county, Wang watched as Luo — despite being in his sixties — climbed shaky beams (横梁) inside the tower without any safety railing. This commitment deeply moved him. “I must pass the mission of protecting ancient buildings to younger generations, turning our pioneers’ spirit into action,” Wang said. Thanks to the painstaking efforts of Wang and his colleagues over the decades, an increasing number of ancient buildings across Shanxi, such as Foguang Temple, Chongfu Temple, Guandi Temple, Jinci Temple’s Shengmu Hall, and Xuankong Temple, have been revitalized and opened to the public. After retiring from his job, Wang’s love for ancient architecture has not diminished a bit. He immersed himself in research, learned woodworking techniques, created models of Dougong, and published many monographs and papers. “I have had an inseparable bond with ancient buildings throughout my life. I feel deeply pleased to contribute a little to the conservation of ancient architectural culture,” Wang said. 35．Which of the following best describes Wang according to the first two paragraphs? A．A highly skilled craftsman. B．A knowledgeable architect. C．A dedicated preservationist. D．A widely influential historian. 36．What does paragraph 3 indicate about the ancient building restoration? A．It is a slow and complex process. B．It has significant cultural impacts. C．It needs great efforts and funding. D．It is extremely important and urgent. 37．How did Luo’ s deed influence Wang? A．It pushed him to change his major. B．It started his love for ancient buildings. C．It inspired him to stick to his work. D．It fueled his desire to become an architect. 38．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Challenges of Restoring Ancient Architecture B．Lifelong Dedication to Restoring Ancient Buildings C．The Path to Becoming an Architectural Preservationist D．The Role of Senior Experts in Cultural Heritage Preservation 【答案】35．C 36．D 37．C 38．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了古建筑修复专家王永先一生致力于古建筑修复工作的故事。 35．推理判断题。根据第一段“Wang Yongxian, who was born in 1950 in Taiyuan, the capital of north China’s Shanxi Province, is a Chinese expert in the restoration of ancient Chinese buildings. Since 1972, Wang has restored over 100 precious ancient buildings. (王永先，1950年出生于中国北方山西省省会太原，是中国古代建筑修复专家。自1972年以来，王永先已修复了100多处珍贵古建筑。)”以及第二段最后一句“For years, he roamed the wilderness, devoting himself to the preservation of temples and pagodas (佛塔). (多年来，他在荒野中四处游历，致力于寺庙和佛塔的保护工作。)”可知，王永先多年来致力于古建筑修复，修复了100多座珍贵古建筑，在野外奔波保护寺庙和佛塔。由此可推断出他是一个有奉献精神的保护主义者。故选C项。 36．推理判断题。根据第三段“At that time, many valuable historical buildings had suffered severe damage from natural elements, leaving them ruined and on the edge of collapse. Wang saw himself as a “firefighter” on the front lines, racing against time to rescue these structures. (当时，许多珍贵的历史建筑因自然因素遭受了严重破坏，变得破败不堪，濒临倒塌。王将自己视为前线的“消防员”，争分夺秒地抢救这些建筑。)”可推知，古建筑修复极其重要且紧迫。故选D项。 37．细节理解题。根据第四段“One day, while accompanying Chinese architectural historian Luo Zhewen to inspect the Wooden Pagoda of Yingxian county, Wang watched as Luo — despite being in his sixties — climbed shaky beams (横梁) inside the tower without any safety railing. This commitment deeply moved him. “I must pass the mission of protecting ancient buildings to younger generations, turning our pioneers’ spirit into action,” Wang said. (有一天，在陪同中国建筑史学家罗哲文考察应县木塔时，王永先看到六十多岁的罗哲文（音译）攀爬塔内没有任何安全栏杆的摇晃横梁。这份执着深深打动了他。王永先说：“我必须将保护古建筑的使命传递给年轻一代，将前辈们的精神转化为行动。”)”可知，罗的奉献行为激励了王永先坚持自己的工作。故选C项。 38．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了古建筑修复专家王永先从年轻时投身古建筑修复工作，到退休后依然热爱古建筑，一生致力于古建筑修复，为古建筑文化的保护做出贡献的故事。B选项“Lifelong Dedication to Restoring Ancient Buildings (一生致力于古建筑修复)”能精准概况文章主旨，适宜用作标题。故选B项。 （十一） (河北省衡水市枣强县2024-2025学年高二下学期4月期中)On December 14th, 1911, Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen stood at the southernmost point of Earth, planting his nation’s flag atop the icy vastness of Antarctica (南极). His historic achievement marked the victory of a fierce yet silent race against British rival Robert Falcon Scott, reflecting thoughtful planning and courageous ambition. Amundsen’s success relied mainly on considerate preparation. While Scott relied on ponies (小马)and motorized sledges, Amundsen embraced Inuit wisdom, using sled dogs adaptable well to the polar conditions. These helpful animals carried supplies efficiently and even provided food when needed — an unpleasant but practical solution in the unforgiving environment. His team practiced skiing strictly and wore layered fur clothing to fight against temperatures below -40℃. Every detail, from lightweight sledges to a carefully mapped supply depot system, was optimized for survival. The journey was austere. Battling freezing coldness and endless ice, Amundsen’s team covered 1,400 miles across frozen deserts. When they reached the Pole, they left a tent and a letter for Scott — a gesture connecting sportsmanship and quiet success. Tragically, Scott and his men failed to make the return journey, showing the high risks of polar exploration. Beyond great glory, Amundsen’s expedition transformed polar science. His detailed records of weather, ice formations, and navigation techniques advanced human understanding of Antarctica. Innovations in cold-weather equipment and travel methods became foundation for future explorers. Amundsen proved that in the battle between humans and nature, respect for tradition and adaptability were keys to victory, which inspired generations to explore further. 39．What was the primary reason for Amundsen’s success over Scott in reaching the South Pole? A．Superior physical strength of his team. B．Warmer weather conditions during his expedition. C．Advanced motorized technology for transportation. D．Strategic use of Inuit survival methods and sled dogs. 40．What does the underlined word “austere” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Tough. B．Unpleasant. C．Amusing. D．Endless. 41．Which words can best describe Amundsen? A．Ambitious and cautious. B．Adventurous and modest. C．Responsible and strict. D．Independent and confident. 42．How did Amundsen’s expedition contribute to future polar exploration? A．It popularized the use of ponies in icy regions. B．It discouraged further expeditions due to its risks. C．It focused solely on national glory rather than research. D．It provided scientific data and improved survival techniques. 【答案】39．D 40．A 41．B 42．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了挪威探险家Roald Amundsen在1911年12月14日到达南极点的历史事件，详细描述了他的准备过程、艰难的旅程、对极地科学的贡献以及他的探险精神对后人的影响。 39．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“While Scott relied on ponies (小马)and motorized sledges, Amundsen embraced Inuit wisdom, using sled dogs adaptable well to the polar conditions. These helpful animals carried supplies efficiently and even provided food when needed — an unpleasant but practical solution in the unforgiving environment. His team practiced skiing strictly and wore layered fur clothing to fight against temperatures below -40℃. Every detail, from lightweight sledges to a carefully mapped supply depot system, was optimized for survival.(当Scott依靠小马和机动雪橇时，Amundsen则借鉴了因纽特人的智慧，使用了能很好适应极地环境的雪橇犬。这些得力的动物高效地运送着物资，甚至在必要时还能充当食物——在这无情的环境中，这虽令人不悦，但却是个切实可行的办法。他的团队严格练习滑雪，并穿着多层皮毛衣物来抵御零下40摄氏度的低温。从轻便的雪橇到精心规划的补给站系统，每一个细节都经过优化，以确保能在这种环境中生存下来。)”可知，Amundsen借鉴了因纽特人的智慧，使用了能很好适应极地环境的雪橇犬，并且在各个方面都进行了周全的准备以确保生存。而Scott依靠小马和机动雪橇。故选D。 40．词义猜测题。根据划线单词下文“Battling freezing coldness and endless ice, Amundsen’s team covered 1,400 miles across frozen deserts.(Amundsen的团队与严寒和无边无际的冰雪作斗争，穿越冰封的荒漠，行进了1400英里。)”可知，旅程中要与极寒和无尽的冰雪作斗争，还要在冰冻的沙漠中行进1400英里，这些都表明旅程是艰难的。由此可知，划线单词的意思和“艰难的”相似。选项A“tough”意为“艰苦的、艰难的”，与此相符。故选A。 41．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，Amundsen参与了前往南极点的探险活动，南极探险充满了未知和危险，在极端恶劣的环境中前行，跨越千里冰封的荒漠，这无疑需要极大的勇气和冒险精神，所以他是富有冒险精神的；再根据第三段“When they reached the Pole, they left a tent and a letter for Scott — a gesture connecting sportsmanship and quiet success. (当他们抵达南极点时，留下了一顶帐篷和一封给Scott的信——这一举动既展现了体育精神，也体现了低调的成功。)”可知，当Amundsen的团队到达南极点时，他们留下了一顶帐篷和一封信给Scott，这一行为体现了他的体育精神和低调的成功态度，说明他不是那种张扬炫耀的人，表现出了谦逊的品质。故选B。 42．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“His detailed records of weather, ice formations, and navigation techniques advanced human understanding of Antarctica. Innovations in cold-weather equipment and travel methods became foundation for future explorers.(他对天气、冰层结构和导航技术的详细记录增进了人类对南极洲的了解。在防寒装备和旅行方法上的创新也为后来的探险家们奠定了基础。)”可知，Amundsen的探险队通过对天气、冰层结构和航海技术的详细记录，增进了人类对南极洲的了解，并且在寒冷天气装备和旅行方法方面的创新为未来的探险者奠定了基础，即提供了科学数据并改进了生存技术。故选D。 （十二） (北京市大兴区2024-2025学年高二下学期期中)In an article published on July 1st in Nature Medicine, Dr Herr and his team at MIT describe seven people with below-the-knee amputations (截肢) who can now walk normally with the help of surgery and new robotic prostheses (假肢). For the first time, Dr Herr says, people have been able to walk with bionic legs — mechanical prostheses that mimic their biological counterparts — that can be fully controlled by their brains. As the most important muscles in a complete leg come in pairs, so that one muscle can stretch while the other contracts, the goal of Dr Herr's procedure was to replicate (复制) this structure in those who had undergone amputations. The surgery, therefore, involved sewing together the ends of two sets of leg muscles in the remaining part of the participants’ legs. Each of these new connections forms a so-called agonist-antagonist myoneural interface, or AMI. This, in effect, replicates the mechanisms necessary for movement as well as the perception of the limb's position in space. Traditional amputations, in contrast, create no such pairings in place of the ones removed. Dr Herr's team then gave each of the participants a battery-powered prosthesis developed in their lab, along with a small electrical controller. The prosthesis was connected to the AMI by electrodes on the skin, such that the controller could pick up the AMI muscle movements and translate them to movement in the prosthesis. Once the robotic leg was linked to the AMI, nerve signals travelling from the brain to the muscles and back allowed the participants to have full control of their new legs. Though prostheses controlled by nerve signals have been designed before, these were typically only controlled by the participants' brains during certain movements, such as when the foot was off the ground, in the “swing phase” of walking. But in the latest study the participants were in charge at all times. “No previous study was able to show this level of brain control, ” says Dr Herr. Dr Herr's “promising and beautiful” approach could be the end goal for below-the-knee amputations. But it remains to be seen if it could achieve similar results for people with amputations involving knees or upper-body limbs. Nor will everyone be able to get the AMIs they need. Decades after his amputation, Dr Herr has only enough muscle mass to construct an AMI for a robotic ankle, but not a whole robotic foot. He says he is considering it regardless. Even if he cannot get the full effect, it may prove a sensible step. 43．What is the purpose of creating AMI during the surgery? A．To reduce the risk of infection in amputees. B．To connect the prosthesis directly to the electrodes. C．To sew together the ends of two sets of leg muscles. D．To replicate the muscle pairing mechanism of complete legs. 44．What can we learn from the passage? A．Dr Herr is determined to further his research. B．Everyone will be able to get the AMIs they need. C．Prostheses controlled by nerve signals is a new design. D．Robotic Prosthesis is suitable for people with upper-body amputation. 45．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．AMI Muscle Movements B．Below-The-Knee Amputations C．The Full Brain-Controlled Bionic Legs D．The Rapid Development of Prostheses 【答案】43．D 44．A 45．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是麻省理工学院Dr Herr团队研发的全脑控仿生假肢技术，结合手术与新型机器人假肢，使截肢者能够完全控制义肢腿部运动。 43．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As the most important muscles in a complete leg come in pairs, so that one muscle can stretch while the other contracts, the goal of Dr Herr's procedure was to replicate this structure in those who had undergone amputations.(由于完整腿部中最重要的肌肉是成对存在的，一块肌肉伸展时另一块收缩，因此Dr Herr手术的目标是在截肢者身上复制这种结构)”可知，创建AMI的目的是为了复制完整腿部的肌肉配对机制，即一对肌肉一个收缩、一个伸展的自然运动机制。故选D项。 44．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“He says he is considering it regardless. Even if he cannot get the full effect, it may prove a sensible step.(他说无论如何他都在考虑尝试。即使无法达到全部效果，这可能也是一个明智的步骤)”可知，Dr Herr即使知道自己可能无法获得完全效果仍考虑接受手术来看，他对自己研究的应用前景充满信心，并愿意亲自尝试。由此推知，他对继续推进研究是坚定的。故选A项。 45．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“In an article published on July 1st in Nature Medicine, Dr Herr and his team at MIT describe seven people with below-the-knee amputations (截肢) who can now walk normally with the help of surgery and new robotic prostheses (假肢). For the first time, Dr Herr says, people have been able to walk with bionic legs — mechanical prostheses that mimic their biological counterparts — that can be fully controlled by their brains. (在2025年7月1日发表于《自然医学》的一篇文章中，麻省理工学院的赫尔博士及其团队描述了七名接受膝下截肢的人，他们在手术和新型机器人假肢的帮助下，如今已能够正常行走。赫尔博士表示，这是人类首次借助仿生腿——即模仿生物腿部功能的机械假肢——实现完全由大脑控制的行走)”可知，全文围绕赫尔博士及其团队开发的全脑控制的仿生腿展开，讲述了赫尔博士及其团队通过手术创建AMI，并结合实验室开发的电池供电假肢和小型电子控制器，实现了大脑对仿生腿的完全控制，让膝下截肢者能够正常行走。由此可知，“The Full Brain-Controlled Bionic Legs(完全由大脑控制的仿生腿)”最能概括全文主旨，适合作最佳标题。故选C项。 （十三） (四川省广安第二中学校2024-2025学年高二下学期期中)Voluntourism is a type of tourism in which travellers participate in volunteer work, usually for a charity or a non-profit. Most often, voluntourists travel for the specific purpose of volunteering in an organized way for specific causes, but others simply include volunteer aspects to a traditional vacation experience. Much like sustainable tourism as a whole, the legitimacy (合法性) or success of a voluntourism program depends highly on how it is managed. When done the right way, it can help communities grow and truly provide benefits to a specific cause. But it’s up to the individual volunteer, too, who has the added responsibility of staying informed and setting their destinations up for success. Ken Budd, author of the award-winning memoir The Voluntourist, says that countless organizations around the world create lasting results. The writer, who volunteered in at least six countries, speaks for it, such as teaching English in a Costa Rican elementary school that relied on volunteers when they couldn’t afford teachers. However, not all voluntourism programs are helping. A reporter for The New York Times wrote in 2016 about their experience with a group of people building a school in Haiti: “These people knew nothing about how to construct a building. Collectively, they had spent thousands of dollars to fly here to do a job that Haitian bricklayers could have done far more quickly. Imagine how many classrooms might have been built if they had donated that money rather than spending it to fly down themselves. Perhaps those Haitian bricklayers could have found weeks of employment instead of out of a job, at least for several days.” If an organization can get free labour from an unskilled volunteer, they’re not spending money hiring locals to do the same work for a fee. In a poverty-stricken economy where residents are already struggling to find jobs, funds that go towards digging a well or building a school will have more of an impact if they stay within the local economy. Taking work from locals can prevent developing communities from self-establishment. Not to mention, volunteers who are untrained in whatever service they are providing can sometimes actually end up holding back progress. 46．How does the author introduce the topic “voluntourism”? A．By explaining its origin. B．By sorting out its causes. C．By presenting its concept. D．By discussing its classification. 47．What helps guarantee the success of a voluntourism program according to the passage? A．The purpose and legitimacy of a program. B．Proper control and responsible volunteers. C．Participants’ previous voluntary experience. D．The degree of involvement of each volunteer. 48．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．Voluntourists’ donations to their destinations. B．The enthusiasm of people for rebuilding Haiti. C．The invisible problem brought by voluntourists. D．Voluntourists’ determination to make contributions. 49．What’s the author’s attitude to voluntourism? A．Objective. B．Positive. C．Favourable. D．Disapproving. 【答案】46．C 47．B 48．C 49．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文，主要谈论了公益旅游的概念，及其优点和可能带来的问题。 46．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Voluntourism is a type of tourism in which travellers participate in volunteer work, usually for a charity or a non-profit.(公益旅游是一种旅游类型，旅行者参与志愿者工作，通常是为了慈善或非营利组织。)”可知，作者通过介绍其概念来引入“公益旅游”这个主题。故选C。 47．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Much like sustainable tourism as a whole, the legitimacy (合法性) or success of a voluntourism program depends highly on how it is managed. When done the right way, it can help communities grow and truly provide benefits to a specific cause. But it’s up to the individual volunteer, too, who has the added responsibility of staying informed and setting their destinations up for success. (志愿者旅游项目的合法性或成功在很大程度上取决于它是如何管理的。如果做得正确，它可以帮助社区发展并真正为特定的事业提供帮助。但这也取决于每个志愿者，他们有保持了解并为他们的目的地成功做好准备的额外责任。)”可知，公益旅游项目的成功取决于项目的适当管理和负责任的志愿者。故选B。 48．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“However, not all voluntourism programs are helping. A reporter for The New York Times wrote in 2016 about their experience with a group of people building a school in Haiti: ‘These people knew nothing about how to construct a building. Collectively they had spent thousands of dollars to fly here to do a job that Haitian bricklayers could have done far more quickly. Imagine how many classrooms might have been built if they had donated that money rather than spending it to fly down themselves.’(然而，并不是所有的公益旅游项目都有帮助。2016年，《纽约时报》的一名记者写了他在海地一群人建造学校的经历：‘这些人对如何建造建筑一无所知。他们总共花了几千美元飞到这里来做一件海地砌砖工人本来可以快得多的工作。想象一下，如果他们把钱捐出来，而不是把钱花在自己的飞机上，可能会建多少教室。’)”可知，第三段主要讨论了公益旅游可能带来的看不见的问题。故选C。 49． 推理判断题。根据第二段“When done the right way, it can help communities grow and truly provide benefits to a specific cause.(如果做得正确，它可以帮助社区发展，并真正为特定的事业带来好处)”和根据第三段“However, not all voluntourism programs are helping.(然而，并不是所有的公益旅游项目都有帮助)”可推知，作者介绍了公益旅游的优点也介绍了其缺点，所以作者对公益旅游是客观的。故选A。 （十四） (河南省实验中学2024-2025学年高二下学期期中)Imagine an artificial intelligence model that can watch and understand moving images like you and me. Now, scientists have made this a reality by creating MovieNet: an innovative AI that processes videos much like how our brains interpret real-life scenes. This brain-inspired AI model can perceive dynamic scenes by simulating (模拟) how neurons (神经元) make real-time sense of the world. While conventional AI excels at still image recognition, MovieNet is designed to understand complex, dynamic scenes, allowing it to recognize tiny changes over time. To create MovieNet, Hollis Cline, senior author of the study, examined how animals’ brains process real-world scenes. Specifically, he studied how tadpoles’ (蝌蚪的) neurons respond to moving stimuli. Tadpoles’ neurons process these visual inputs like solving puzzle pieces: each piece alone may not make sense, but together they form a complete image in motion. Different neurons process various “puzzle pieces” of a real-life moving image, which the brain then combines to form a continuous scene. Using this understanding, the researchers trained MovieNet to process video clips by identifying small visual signals, allowing it to distinguish between small changes in scenes. In testing, MovieNet achieved 82.3% accuracy, outperforming trained human observers by 18% and doing much better than existing AI models. Beyond its higher accuracy, MovieNet is more environment-friendly. Conventional AI requires vast amounts of data and energy, but MovieNet compresses (压缩) data like a zipped file, reducing environmental impact. “We’ve also made AI far less demanding,” says Cline. MovieNet could also transform medicine. It might help detect early signs of diseases by tracking small movement changes that are difficult for human eyes to detect. Looking ahead, the team plans to improve MovieNet’s ability to adapt to different environments and enhance its potential applications. “By designing models that think like living organisms (有机体), we can achieve efficiency levels that aren’t possible with traditional AI,” says Cline, “Biology is a gold mine.” 50．How is MovieNet differnet from conventional AI models ? A．It can spot small changes over time. B．It is better at recognizing still images. C．It can interpret real-life scenes of the world. D．It can create videos with more complex images. 51．MovieNet is trained ________. A．to increase visual inputs. B．to integrate dynamic images. C．to feed on information pieces. D．to look into tadpoles’ neurons. 52．According to paragraph 5, what is an advantage of MovieNet? A．Its powerful data storage. B．Its low energy consumption. C．Its control of medical diseases. D．Its improvement on drug effects. 53．What can be concluded from Cline’s words in the last paragraph? A．Biology brings us financial profits. B．Living organisms can outperform AI. C．AI can assist in biological development. D．Drawing inspiration from biology is promising. 【答案】50．A 51．B 52．B 53．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家研发出名为MovieNet的人工智能模型，该模型受大脑启发，能像人类一样处理视频，理解复杂动态场景，其准确率高于人类观察者和现有AI模型，且更环保，还可能在医学领域发挥作用，未来团队计划提升其适应能力和应用潜力。 50．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“While conventional AI excels at still image recognition, MovieNet is designed to understand complex, dynamic scenes, allowing it to recognize tiny changes over time.(虽然传统的人工智能在静态图像识别方面表现出色，但MovieNet旨在理解复杂的动态场景，使其能够识别随着时间推移而产生的细微变化)”可知，MovieNet与传统人工智能模型的不同之处在于它能发现随着时间推移的细微变化。故选A。 51．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Different neurons process various “puzzle pieces” of a real-life moving image, which the brain then combines to form a continuous scene.(不同的神经元处理现实生活动态图像中的各种“拼图块”，然后大脑将这些“拼图块”组合起来形成一个连续的场景)”以及第四段中“Using this understanding, the researchers trained MovieNet to process video clips by identifying small visual signals, allowing it to distinguish between small changes in scenes.(基于这一认识，研究人员对MovieNet进行训练，使其通过识别微小的视觉信号来处理视频片段，从而能够区分场景中的细微变化)”可知，MovieNet被训练是为了整合动态图像，使其能够理解复杂的动态场景。故选B。 52．细节理解题。根据文章第五段中“Beyond its higher accuracy, MovieNet is more environment-friendly. Conventional AI requires vast amounts of data and energy, but MovieNet compresses (压缩) data like a zipped file, reducing environmental impact. “We’ve also made AI far less demanding,” says Cline.(除了具有更高的准确率，MovieNet还更加环保。传统的人工智能需要大量的数据和能源，而MovieNet则像压缩文件一样压缩数据，减少了对环境的影响。Cline说：“我们还让人工智能对资源的需求大大降低。”)”可知，MovieNet的优势是低能耗。故选B。 53．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““By designing models that think like living organisms (有机体), we can achieve efficiency levels that aren’t possible with traditional AI,” says Cline, “Biology is a gold mine.”(Cline说：“通过设计出像生物体一样思考的模型，我们能够达到传统人工智能无法企及的效率水平。生物学是一座金矿。”)”可推知，Cline在最后一段中表达的意思是，从生物学中汲取灵感是有前途的。故选D。 （十五） (四川省成都外国语学校2024-2025学年高二下学期期中)The needs of plus-size consumers have long been the elephant in the room of the fashion industry until body positivity and fat acceptance movements promoted the slogan that large-bodied people are not those who are left behind. This size-inclusive(尺码包容)trend has become so popular that it is influencing mainstream culture. As a result, fashion brands have finally decided to extend their size ranges. In 2022, the plus-size market grew twice as fast as the standard size market in both North America and the UK. Yet, many consumers say fashion brands broadening their ranges are not truly inclusive. “Inclusive sizing means that all bodies are included in fashion, not just the ones who fit in standard sizes,” says Marie Southard Ospina, a UK-based plus-size girl. “However, what many designers do right now is pick a number that they think is big enough to include plus sizes and stop. This is even more disrespectful.” Researchers also note that some brands are just taking advantage of the trend. “Brands that used to promote so-called perfect bodies in their advertisements are now trying to get in on the trend by adding a few sizes. It doesn’t feel like they really care about plus-size people,” says Tom Burgess, analyst in fashion industry. “If brands cared about large-bodied consumers, then it wouldn’t have taken until now to acknowledge that they exist,” he says. “It gives the impression that companies are just trying to gain a share of the market without a real commitment to the community.” The fashion industry must go beyond merely producing clothing in a range of sizes if they hope to succeed with a body-diverse world. The whole industry has to connect on a personal level with consumers. That involves showing shoppers that they are seen, understood and important to brands. “Consumers care about values, and so they want to buy from brands that reflect the values they believe in. Everyone should enjoy the same range of fashion options,” says Ludovica Cesareo, professor of marketing at the College of Business in the US. 54．What do the underlined words “the elephant in the room” mean in the first paragraph? A．The hot issue that is valued. B．The obvious truth that is ignored. C．The important principle that is recognized. D．The common phenomenon that is criticized. 55．Why do consumers say fashion brands are not truly inclusive? A．They pick sizes randomly. B．They offer limited plus sizes. C．They treat designers disrespectfully. D．They haven’t broadened standard sizes. 56．What is researchers’ attitude towards some brands? A．Appreciative. B．Objective. C．Indifferent. D．Critical. 57．What does the last paragraph imply? A．All buyers deserve fashion that fits their figure. B．Consumers prefer brands with personalized values. C．Brands should catch up with the size-inclusive trend. D．A good brand image is critical in the fashion industry. 【答案】54．B 55．B 56．D 57．A 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了很多品牌推出了加码衣服，却只是为了迎合尺码包容这一趋势，而并非真正的满足客户的需要。品牌如果真的想要取得成功，就需要关心消费者的价值观。 54．词句猜测题。根据划线部分下文“until body positivity and fat acceptance movements promoted the slogan that large-bodied people are not those who are left behind(直到“体型积极”和“接纳肥胖”运动宣扬了“身材肥胖的人不应被遗忘”这一理念。)”可知，在体型积极和接纳肥胖的运动提出口号之前，大尺码消费者的需求一直被忽视。“the elephant in the room”用来表示显而易见却被忽视的事情，这里指大尺码消费者的需求长期被时尚行业忽视，B选项“被忽视的明显事实”符合语境。故选B。 55．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, what many designers do right now is pick a number that they think is big enough to include plus sizes and stop. This is even more disrespectful.(然而，如今许多设计师所做的只是挑选一个他们认为足够大、可以归入大码范畴的尺码，然后就止步不前了。这种做法甚至更不尊重人。)”可知，消费者认为时尚品牌不是真正包容的，是因为他们提供的大码服装有限。故选B。 56．推理判断题。根据第三段“Brands that used to promote so-called perfect bodies in their advertisements are now trying to get in on the trend by adding a few sizes. It doesn’t feel like they really care about plus-size people.(那些过去在广告中宣扬所谓完美身材的品牌，如今正试图通过增加一些尺码来跟风。感觉他们并不是真正关心大码人群。)”和“It gives the impression that companies are just trying to gain a share of the market without a real commitment to the community.(这给人的印象是，这些公司只是试图在市场上分得一杯羹，并没有真正致力于满足（大码人群所在的）群体的需求。)”可知，研究人员认为一些品牌只是为了跟风而增加一些尺码，并非真正关心大尺码消费者，只是想在市场上获得份额，对这些品牌持批评态度。故选D。 57．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Consumers care about values, and so they want to buy from brands that reflect the values they believe in. Everyone should enjoy the same range of fashion options,” says Ludovica Cesareo, professor of marketing at the College of Business in the US.(美国商学院的市场营销学教授卢多维卡・切萨雷奥表示：“消费者在意价值观，所以他们希望从那些体现他们所信奉价值观的品牌处购物。每个人都应该享有同样范围的时尚选择。”)”可推知，所有买家都应该得到适合他们身材的时尚服装。故选A。 （十六） (河北省衡水市2024-2025学年高二下学期4月期中)If you wanted your child to become a top athlete as an adult, the best way may not be what you think. It seems logical that someone who started at an early age and focused on one thing would become the best at it. But it turns out that most champions don’t follow the path of early specialization. Research of the past 20 years has steadily revealed that kids who have tried different sports, on the whole, go further in the long term than kids who have specialized early. The researchers reviewed 51 international studies on expert athlete performance. Taken together, these studies looked at the developmental history of 6,096 adult and youth athletes, including 772 of the world’s top performers. Their analyses showed that the majority of world-class athletes were multisport athletes in childhood and adolescence (青春期). In many cases, the top adult athletes also started their main sport later and practiced it for fewer hours during childhood than many of their peers (同龄人). They also generally progressed more slowly. In contrast, their peers who specialized early often found more success at the youth level. However, that’s where most of them peaked. When it came to long-term success on the international stage, the late-specialization kids were much better represented. The multisport approach works for a couple of reasons. One of them appears to be better skills transfer between different sports. Raducanu’s former coach said that when she’s learning a new skill, she can pick things up very quickly. Also, trying more sports in childhood helps kids find a sport that suits their talent and interest best. Plus, it can reduce the risk of injury and mental burnout, Given the research, why do we keep pushing kids to specialize at a young age? One of the major reasons is that so many of us have lived for so long with the idea that early specialization produces the best results. If we want kids to reach their best potential over the long term, we need to encourage them to try as many different sports and activities in childhood as practically possible. 58．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The purpose of the research. B．The result of the research. C．The process of the research. D．The participants of the research. 59．Why does the multisport approach work? A．It allows kids to acquire more training hours. B．It helps kids to become famous at a young age. C．It makes kids more competitive in their childhood. D．It enables skills in one sport to be applied to another. 60．Why do people still push kids into early sports specialization? A．Some wrong ideas are deeply rooted. B．Kids can develop better in the long run. C．It’s casier for kids to find their favorite sports early. D．It helps reduce kids’ risk of injury and mental burnout. 61．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Youth Sport: A Profitable Business B．The Road to Becoming a Top Athlete C．Multisport Approach: The Key to Success D．The Benefit of Early Specialization in Sports 【答案】58．B 59．D 60．A 61．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现尝试多种运动的孩子从长远来看比早期专门从事一项运动的孩子发展得更好，多种运动方式对孩子有诸多益处。 58．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Their analyses showed that the majority of world-class athletes were multisport athletes in childhood and adolescence (青春期). In many cases, the top adult athletes also started their main sport later and practiced it for fewer hours during childhood than many of their peers (同龄人). They also generally progressed more slowly. In contrast, their peers who specialized early often found more success at the youth level. However, that’s where most of them peaked. When it came to long-term success on the international stage, the late-specialization kids were much better represented.(他们的分析表明，大多数世界级运动员在童年和青春期都是从事多种运动的运动员。在许多情况下，顶级成年运动员开始他们的主要运动也比较晚，而且在童年时期练习的时间比他们的许多同龄人要少。他们通常进步也比较慢。相比之下，早期专门从事一项运动的同龄人在青年阶段往往更成功。然而，那是他们大多数人的巅峰时期。当谈到在国际舞台上的长期成功时，后期专门从事一项运动的孩子表现得要好得多。)”可知，第三段主要讲的是研究的结果，即从事多种运动的孩子从长远来看比早期专门从事一项运动的孩子更成功。故选B项。 59．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The multisport approach works for a couple of reasons. One of them appears to be better skills transfer between different sports. Raducanu’s former coach said that when she’s learning a new skill, she can pick things up very quickly.(多种运动方式之所以有效有几个原因。其中一个原因似乎是不同运动之间更好的技能转移。拉杜卡努的前教练说，当她学习一项新技能时，她能很快学会。)”可知，多种运动方式有效的原因是它能使一项运动的技能应用到另一项运动中。故选D项。 60．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Given the research, why do we keep pushing kids to specialize at a young age? One of the major reasons is that so many of us have lived for so long with the idea that early specialization produces the best results.(鉴于这项研究，为什么我们还在推动孩子们在年轻时专门从事一项运动呢？一个主要原因是，我们很多人长期以来一直认为早期专门从事一项运动能产生最好的结果。)”可知，人们仍然推动孩子早期专门从事一项运动是因为一些错误的观念已经根深蒂固。故选A项。 61．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Research of the past 20 years has steadily revealed that kids who have tried different sports, on the whole, go further in the long term than kids who have specialized early.(过去 20 年的研究逐渐表明，从总体上看，尝试过不同运动的孩子从长远来看比早期专门从事一项运动的孩子发展得更好。)”以及最后一段“If we want kids to reach their best potential over the long term, we need to encourage them to try as many different sports and activities in childhood as practically possible.(如果我们希望孩子从长远来看发挥出他们的最大潜力，我们需要鼓励他们在童年时期尽可能多地尝试不同的运动和活动。)”可知，文章主要讲述了多种运动方式对孩子成为顶级运动员的重要性，所以“多种运动方式：成功的关键”最适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 （十七） (江西省南昌市第十九中学2024-2025学年高二下学期期中)The Food and Drug Administration, citing an epidemic of diet-related illness, released new guidelines (准则) Wednesday aimed at reducing the amount of salt that of Americans consumes at restaurants, school cafeterias and trucks, or when they are eating packaged and prepared foods at home. The guidelines targeted manufactures that sell foods made from grains as well as potato chips and French fries. The recommendations, issued after years of delay, seek to reduce the average daily sodium intake step by step — sodium is the chemical name for salt — by 12% over the next two-and-a-half years by encouraging food manufacturers, restaurants and food service companies to scale back their use of salt. That goal translates into 3,000 milligrams of salt — slightly more than 1 teaspoon — compared to the 3,400 milligrams that Americans typically consume in a day. American’s love affair with salty foods has been linked to alarmingly high rates of high blood pressure, a leading risk factor for heart attacks, strokes and kidney failure. Much of the excess sodium that Americans consume, about 70% comes from processed and packaged food and meals served at restaurants, according to researcher. The guidance will apply to 163 categories of processed and packaged food and provide different targets for, say, rye bread, salad dressing and baby food. Nutritionists and public health experts praised the FDA for taking on the problem of excess sodium, saying the effort would help sharpen the public’s focus on the dangers of taking in too much salt and create pressure on food companies to reduce their reliance on salt as a cheap flavor booster. But many said that voluntary measures were unlikely to move the needle very much. Some experts have suggested compulsory reductions. Dr. Dariush Mozaffarian from Tufts University said a recent study in China suggested the FDA should be firmer with its guidelines. The study showed people who used a salt replacement reduced their chances of stroke and heart problems compared to those who used regular salt. Mozaffarian said the effect of the sodium guidelines will depend on how well the FDA monitors food companies and their progress. 62．Why did the FDA release new guidelines? A．To increase salt consumption in schools. B．To ban all processed foods made from grains. C．To cut down salt intake in various food sources. D．To promote the sale of potato chips and French fries. 63．What is true about the FDA’s guidelines? A．It will be carried out gradually. B．It concerns homemade food. C．It involves all food companies. D．It will apply one target to all food. 64．What do the underlined words “move the needle” mean in the last paragraph? A．Bring about changes. B．Encourage people to eat out. C．Replace the tradition. D．Threaten the food companies. 65．What is Mozaffarian’s attitude toward the FDA guidelines? A．Strongly critical. B．Cautiously supportive. C．Fully approving. D．Thoroughly indifferent. 【答案】62．C 63．A 64．A 65．B 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）发布新准则以减少美国人盐摄入量，并介绍了新准则发布的背景、目标及各方反应。 62．细节理解题。根据第二段内容“The recommendations, issued after years of delay, seek to reduce the average daily sodium intake step by step — sodium is the chemical name for salt — by 12% over the next two-and-a-half years by encouraging food manufacturers, restaurants and food service companies to scale back their use of salt.(这些建议是在拖延多年后发布的，旨在通过鼓励食品制造商、餐馆和食品服务公司减少食盐的使用，在未来两年半内逐步将钠——盐的化学名称——的平均每日摄入量减少12%)”可知，美国食品和药物管理局关于减少盐的摄入量的指导目标是在未来两年半内逐步将盐的平均每日摄入量减少12%，由此可知，美国食品和药物管理局发行新方针是为了减少各种食物的盐摄入量。故选C项。 63．细节理解题。根据第二段内容“The recommendations, issued after years of delay, seek to reduce the average daily sodium intake step by step — sodium is the chemical name for salt — by 12% over the next two-and-a-half years by encouraging food manufacturers, restaurants and food service companies to scale back their use of salt.(这些建议是在拖延多年后发布的，旨在通过鼓励食品制造商、餐馆和食品服务公司减少食盐的使用，在未来两年半内逐步将钠——盐的化学名称——的平均每日摄入量减少12%)”可知，美国食品和药物管理局关于减少盐的摄入量的指导目标是在未来两年半内逐步将盐的平均每日摄入量减少12%，由此可知，美国食品和药物管理局关于减少盐摄入量的指导方针将逐步实施。故选A项。 64．词义猜测题。根据划线短语下文“Some experts have suggested compulsory reductions.(一些专家建议强制减少盐的使用)”可知，专家建议强制减少盐的使用，由此可推断出，自愿措施不太可能起到很大的作用，不会带来太大变化，所以才会建议强制减少盐的使用；“But many said that voluntary measures were unlikely to move the needle very much.(但许多人表示，自愿采取的措施不太可能move the needle very much。)”中的“move the needle very much”指“带来太大变化”，“move the needle”意为“带来变化”，与“Bring about changes”表达意思一致。故选A项。 65．推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Dr. Dariush Mozaffarian from Tufts University said a recent study in China suggested the FDA should be firmer with its guidelines. The study showed people who used a salt replacement reduced their chances of stroke and heart problems compared to those who used regular salt. Mozaffarian said the effect of the sodium guidelines will depend on how well the FDA monitors food companies and their progress.(塔夫茨大学（Tufts University）的莫扎法里安（Dariush Mozaffarian）博士说，中国最近的一项研究表明，FDA的指导方针应该更加严格。研究表明，与那些经常食用盐的人相比，使用盐替代品的人中风和心脏病的几率降低了。莫扎法里安说，钠指南的效果将取决于FDA对食品公司及其进展的监督程度。”可知，莫扎法里安博士认为FDA的指导方针应该更加严格，因为研究表明少摄入盐会降低中风和心脏问题的几率，且Mozaffarian认为效果取决于FDA的监管力度，因此推断莫扎法里安（Mozaffarian）对FDA的指导方针的态度是谨慎地支持。故选B项。 （十八） (湖南省名校联考联合体2024-2025学年高二下学期期中)Marcel Proust, born on July 10,1871, in Auteuil, France, is one of the most celebrated writers of the 20th century. Known for his monumental novel In Search of Lost Time, Proust’s work explores themes of memory, time, and human experience with unparalleled depth. Proust grew up in a wealthy family, but his childhood was marked by poor health. He suffered from asthma, which often kept him indoors, isolating him from other children. Despite this, he developed a love for literature and writing at an early age. His mother, with whom he shared a close bond, encouraged his intellectual pursuits, fostering his passion for storytelling. As a young man, Proust immersed himself in Parisian high society by attending salons, where Proust observed the interactions and exchanges among the upper class and formed friendships with artists and writers. These experiences later influenced his writing, providing him with sufficient material for his literary work. However, Proust struggled to find his literary voice in his early years. His first attempts at writing, including a collection of essays and short stories, received little attention. Everything changed in 1909, when Proust began working on In Search of Lost Time. This seven-volume novel, which took over a decade to complete, is considered his masterpiece. It is filled with detailed descriptions of social events, noble circles, and the complexities of human relationships. The famous opening scene, where the taste of a Madeleine cake triggers a flood of memories, captures the essence of Proust’s exploration of involuntary memory — the idea that small sensory experiences can unlock forgotten moments from the past. Proust’s health continued to decline as he worked on his novel. He spent his final years confined to his bedroom, writing tirelessly. He passed away on November 18,1922, leaving behind a literary legacy that continues to inspire readers and writers alike. Marcel Proust’s life reminds us that great art often arises from personal struggle and reflection. His ability to capture the fleeting nature of time and memory has made In Search of Lost Time a timeless work, celebrated for its beauty and insight into the human condition. 66．How did Proust’s experiences in Parisian high society impact his writing? A．They became a rich source of material for his writing. B．They made him more interested in writing. C．They offered him chances to befriend the upper class. D．They helped him gain more confidence. 67．What can we know about the novel In Search of Lost Time? A．It was not well-received at first. B．It was set in Paris and completed in 1922. C．It described the kindness of human beings in detail. D．It highlighted the function of sensory experiences. 68．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Proust spent an easy and carefree childhood. B．Proust’s mother was indifferent to his intellectual pursuits. C．Proust’s efforts and reflection shaped his literary masterpiece. D．Proust’s work was about the relationship between nature and humans. 69．According to the whole text, how can we describe Marcel Proust? A．Generous. B．Insightful. C．Tolerant. D．Humorous. 【答案】66．A 67．D 68．C 69．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了法国作家Marcel Proust及其杰作《追忆似水年华》。 66．细节理解题。根据第二段中“As a young man, Proust immersed himself in Parisian high society by attending salons, where Proust observed the interactions and exchanges among the upper class and formed friendships with artists and writers. These experiences later influenced his writing, providing him with sufficient material for his literary work.(年轻时，Proust通过参加沙龙，融入巴黎上流社会，观察上流社会的互动和交流，并与艺术家和作家结下了友谊。这些经历后来影响了他的写作，为他的文学作品提供了充足的素材)”可知，Proust在巴黎上流社会的经历为他的写作提供了充足的素材，故选A。 67．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The famous opening scene, where the taste of a Madeleine cake triggers a flood of memories, captures the essence of Proust’s exploration of involuntary memory — the idea that small sensory experiences can unlock forgotten moments from the past.(著名的开场场景，玛德琳蛋糕的味道引发了潮水般的回忆，抓住了Proust探索非自愿记忆的精髓——微小的感官体验可以解开过去被遗忘的时刻)”可知，小说开头的玛德琳蛋糕场景体现了“非自愿记忆”（由感官体验触发记忆），故该书强调了感官体验的功能，故选D。 68．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Marcel Proust’s life reminds us that great art often arises from personal struggle and reflection.(Marcel Proust的一生提醒我们，伟大的艺术往往产生于个人的斗争和反思)”可知，Proust的努力和反思造就了他的文学杰作，故选C。 69．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Known for his monumental novel In Search of Lost Time, Proust’s work explores themes of memory, time, and human experience with unparalleled depth.(Proust以其不朽的小说《追忆似水年华》而闻名，他的作品以无与伦比的深度探讨了记忆、时间和人类经历的主题)”可知，Proust的作品以无与伦比的深度探讨了记忆、时间和人类经历的主题，故他是一个有深刻见解的人。故选B。 （十九） (湖北省部分高中2024-2025学年高二下学期期中)A gala evening titled The Spirit of the Great Wall, performed by China’s Jilin Provincial International Cultural Exchange Center, was held in London on Monday. Inspired by stories surrounding China’s monumental construction, the Great Wall, the event featured a variety of performances, including dance, traditional folk opera, acrobatics, and martial arts, displaying the country’s diverse ethnic cultures. The show featured 13 performances, starting with a grand display that amazed the audience with the powerful and spirited beats of Chinese drums. The audience was also attracted by the graceful elegance of the folk dances. A group of dancers, wearing red straw hats and flowing red skirts, moved gracefully to the center of the stage, with their grace dance steps showing the unique beauty of the East. The art group from Northeast China’s Jilin province also brought their show to Edinburgh from August 12 to 14 during the Edinburgh International Festival, one of the world’s most famous arts festivals, held in the Scottish capital. The performing group from Jilin province in Northeast China graced the Edinburgh International Festival with their performance, bringing a unique cultural experience that increased the event’s pleasure for all those present. “We hope that, through the performance, United Kingdom audiences can understand the deep meaning of traditional Chinese culture and experience its diverse ethnic traditions,” said Sha Bin, director of the Jilin Provincial International Cultural Exchange Center. 70．What is the first paragraph mainly concerned with? A．The location of the performance. B．The purpose of the performance. C．The diversity of Chinese culture. D．The organization of a cultural event. 71．What do we know about the performances? A．They were held in London and Edinburgh. B．They featured mainly Chinese dances. C．They were organized by the UK. D．They lasted for a week. 72．What does the underlined word “graced” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Comforted B．Honored. C．Admired. D．Touched. 73．What does Sha Bin’s statement imply? A．He has high expectations for the performance. B．He hopes to improve the performances. C．He is satisfied with the audience’s reaction. D．He wants to organize more events. 【答案】70．D 71．A 72．B 73．A 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。报道了一场名为《长城魂》的晚会近日在伦敦上演，吉林文化交流团带来精彩舞蹈、传统戏曲等，展示中国民族文化魅力，让英国观众感受传统中华文化的深厚底蕴。 70．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A gala evening titled The Spirit of the Great Wall, performed by China’s Jilin Provincial International Cultural Exchange Center, was held in London on Monday. Inspired by stories surrounding China’s monumental construction, the Great Wall, the event featured a variety of performances, including dance, traditional folk opera, acrobatics, and martial arts, displaying the country’s diverse ethnic cultures.(一场名为《长城之魂》的盛大晚会于周一在伦敦举行，演出由中国吉林省国际文化交流中心呈现。晚会灵感源自中国标志性建筑长城的故事，涵盖了舞蹈、传统戏曲、杂技和武术等多种表演形式，展现了中国丰富多样的民族文化)”主要介绍了一场文艺晚会的时间，地点，由谁表演，以及晚会的各种表演形式。因此，第一段主要是关于一个文化活动的组织过程。故选D项。 71．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A gala evening titled The Spirit of the Great Wall... was held in London on Monday(一场名为《长城之魂》的盛大晚会于周一在伦敦举行)”及第四段“The art group from Northeast China’s Jilin province also brought their show to Edinburgh from August 12 to 14…(来自中国东北吉林省的艺术团还于8月12日至14日将这场演出带到了爱丁堡……)”可知，演出是在伦敦和爱丁堡举行的。故选A项。 72．词义推测题。根据划线词后的结果状语“bringing a unique cultural experience that increased the event’s pleasure for all those present.(为在场观众带来了独特的文化体验)”及划线词的宾语“the Edinburgh International Festival (爱丁堡国际艺术节)”可知，来自中国东北吉林省的表演团体在爱丁堡国际艺术节上进行了精彩的表演，为观众带来了一种独特的文化体验，增加了所有在场者的活动乐趣，应该是给这场艺术节添光， graced在此处意为“使增光，使生辉”，与honored (给以……荣誉；增光)意思接近。故选B项。 73．推理判断题。根据最后一段“We hope that, through the performance, United Kingdom audiences can understand the deep meaning of traditional Chinese culture and experience its diverse ethnic traditions(我们希望通过这场演出，让英国观众能够理解中国传统文化的深刻内涵，并体验其丰富的民族传统)”可知，吉林省国际文化交流中心主任沙斌希望通过这次演出，英国观众能够理解中国传统文化的深刻内涵，并体验其丰富多彩的民族传统，由此可以推断出，沙斌对演出的效果寄以厚望。故选A项。 （二十） (广东省深圳市部分学校2024-2025学年高二下学期期中)MOSCOW — Moscow unveiled (揭幕) a themed metro train on Wednesday to mark the start of the Spring Festival, the traditional Chinese New Year according to the lunar calendar. Speaking at a ceremony celebrating the launch of the train, Chinese Ambassador to Russia Zhang Hanhui noted that the Spring Festival is gaining popularity in Russia, becoming an important part of Moscow’ s cultural life and a bright symbol of the friendship between the two countries. “The train, decorated with elements of the Chinese Spring Festival, will attract the attention of Muscovites (莫斯科人) and tourists from all over the world,” the Chinese ambassador said. “They will be able to experience the culture of this wonderful holiday in a new way and share the joy and good fortune that it brings to the Chinese people,” he added. Russian Foreign Ministry spokesperson Maria Zakharova said this joint project is carried out within the framework of the China-Russia Years of Culture in 2024 and 2025. “The photographs and symbols featured on the train will help our citizens learn more about China in a natural setting,” she said. According to Moscow Deputy Mayor Maxim Liksutov, this unique metro train serves as a symbol of the good relations between the two countries and a tribute (致敬) to the Chinese people. It will give Muscovites and visitors to the Russian capital an opportunity to learn more about the Chinese culture and the traditions of the Chinese New Year. The train is decorated in red, a color that symbolizes happiness, joy, good luck and prosperity in Chinese culture. The exterior is decorated with a snake, the zodiac of the new year, as well as a Chinese dragon. Inside, passengers can enjoy photographs of New Year celebrations in China. The Russian capital kicked off “Chinese New Year in Moscow” festival on Manezhnaya Square on Tuesday. The event, comprising many cultural activities with Chinese characteristics, will last until Feb. 9, and will be held at two dozen locations in the capital. 74．What is mentioned in Chinese Ambassador to Russia Zhang Hanhui’s speech? A．More and more Russians start to learn Chinese. B．The train acts as a tribute to the Chinese people. C．The train will appeal to Muscovites and travelers. D．Russians can head to China to spend the Spring Festival. 75．How is the train decorated according to the text? A．The train is pained in red and yellow. B．A snake can be seen outside the train. C．The inside is decorated with a Chinese dragon. D．Photos of New Year celebrations in Russia are on the train. 76．What does the underlined word “comprising” in the last paragraph mean? A．Separating. B．Reminding. C．Monitoring. D．Including. 77．What can be the best title for the news report? A．Russia launches themed train to mark Chinese New Year B．Russians learning more about traditions of Chinese New Year C．Framework of China-Russia Years of Culture in 2024 and 2025 D．Metro train serves as symbol of good relations between Russia and China 【答案】74．C 75．B 76．D 77．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了莫斯科为庆祝中国春节推出主题地铁列车，展示中俄文化交流与友好关系。 74．细节理解题。根据第二段中““The train, decorated with elements of the Chinese Spring Festival, will attract the attention of Muscovites (莫斯科人) and tourists from all over the world,” the Chinese ambassador said. (中国大使表示：“这列装饰着中国春节元素的列车，将会吸引莫斯科市民以及来自世界各地游客的关注。”)可知，中国驻俄罗斯大使张汉晖在演讲中提到这列列车将吸引莫斯科人和游客。故选C。 75．细节理解题。根据第五段“The train is decorated in red, a color that symbolizes happiness, joy, good luck and prosperity in Chinese culture. The exterior is decorated with a snake, the zodiac of the new year, as well as a Chinese dragon. Inside, passengers can enjoy photographs of New Year celebrations in China. (这列火车被装饰成红色，在中国文化中红色象征着幸福、欢乐、好运和繁荣。车外装饰有蛇，新年的生肖，以及一条中国龙。在车内，乘客可以欣赏到中国新年庆祝活动的照片)可知，列车外面可以看到一条装饰蛇。故选B。 76．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“The event, comprising many cultural activities with Chinese characteristics, will last until Feb. 9, and will be held at two dozen locations in the capital. (这个活动comprising许多具有中国特色的文化活动，将持续到2月9日，并且会在首都的二十多个地点举行)”可知，这个活动包括许多具有中国特色的文化活动，由此可推知，划线词comprising意为“包括”。A选项Separating意为“分离”；B选项Reminding意为“提醒”；C选项Monitoring意为“监控”；D选项Including意为“包括”。因此，D选项与划线词意思相近。故选D。 77．主旨大意题。根据第一段“MOSCOW — Moscow unveiled (揭幕) a themed metro train on Wednesday to mark the start of the Spring Festival, the traditional Chinese New Year according to the lunar calendar. (莫斯科——周三，莫斯科揭幕了一列主题地铁列车，以庆祝春节的开始，即农历中国新年)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要报道了莫斯科为庆祝中国新年揭幕了一列主题地铁列车的情况。因此，A选项“俄罗斯推出主题列车以庆祝中国新年”最能概括文章主旨，是文章的最佳标题。故选A。 1 / 38 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$