精品解析：2025届北京市东城区高三下学期二模英语试题

北京市东城区2024—2025学年度第二学期高三综合练习（二） 英语 2025.5 本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When her daughter got married, Anne searched everywhere for the right hat. “But the only ___1___ that matched cost a fortune,” she says. She had to go for a straw (稻草) one in the end. It struck Anne that she could begin to ___2___ the art of hat-making at the age of 55. She took weekend classes, during which she watched a wonderful sun hat come to ___3___ between her hands for the first time. The experience reminded Anne of her early ___4___. “I really wanted to go to art school but my father wanted me to have a career that I could support myself with,” she says. However, making hats ___5___ her creativity and allowed Anne to start again. Once she retired, she ___6___ for a hat-making course at a college. Once a week, she would take the train to London and begin the complicated ___7___ of handcrafting pieces. She learned everything from finding inspiration to sketching and making a range of stylish hats. “Even at home I can lose myself in it, put the radio on and get going,” she says. “It was such a(an) ___8___ task.” Anne,77, now has a hat-making workshop in her home and it has really refreshed her interest in fashion and fabric. She also recycles old dresses into hats, thinking of making a whole collection out of ___9___ used fabrics next. She now has more ____10____ than she can keep up with and she is keen to learn new techniques. “I’ll keep going as long as I can, since people always need something interesting to wear.” 1. A. dress B. hat C. trousers D. shoes 2. A. perfect B. value C. spread D. pursue 3. A. light B. power C. life D. mind 4. A. passion B. major C. contribution D. career 5. A. shaped B. measured C. influenced D. released 6 A. made up B. reached out C. signed up D. looked out 7. A. process B. preparation C. theory D. system 8. A. funny B. absorbing C. flexible D. ambitious 9. A. regularly B. temporarily C. previously D. initially 10. A. competition B. responsibilities C. profits D. demand 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 One night, my cat slipped out of the house unnoticed. The next evening, a man knocked on my door and asked ____11____ I was missing a cat. He explained he had spotted a cat lying by the roadside after being hit by a truck. He stopped ____12____ (help), wrapping it with something warm and offering water and food. ____13____ no collar to guide him, he had to go door-to-door until he found me. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Plogging, a combination of jogging and picking up litter, started as an ____14____ (organize) activity around 2016 and then gradually became popular. As a workout, plogging is more efficient than simply running because it ____15____ (focus) on both environmental protection and personal health. Plus, every piece of litter we pick up during plogging contributes to a ____16____ (clean) and more beautiful environment. This activity is a win-win situation: we take care of Mother Nature while taking care of ____17____ (we). C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Lockers have long been a school tradition, but are they still necessary? Some students argue lockers relieve their heavy backpack burdens. They also serve as valuable social spaces ____18____ friendships form. However, more students are using laptops and online content to study and work on assignments, making lockers ____19____ (necessary). So, if schools remove lockers, most of which are very old, more space ____20____ (create) in the hallways. They can use it to display artwork or other creative projects, which will bring students together. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The Summer Science Program (SSP) is a unique immersion experience with a strong culture that has evolved over more than half a century. It is designed to challenge and inspire talented and motivated high school students from around the world. Here, young people discover their limits, and then overcome them by working together. Through informal interactions with faculty, participants receive guidance on college and major selection, helping them become more reflective applicants. There is no application fee. While a program fee exists, need-based aid funded by our generous donors allows participants from lower-income families to attend at a fee they can afford. ◆ What to Expect Unlike traditional coursework, the program offers hands-on opportunities, allowing participants to do science, not just learn about it. Working in teams of three, they tackle real-world challenges while developing critical skills like time management. Classroom and lab sessions are scheduled six days a week. Classroom time centers on building a foundation in experimental science and the team’s specific research topic. Each team studies its own target, performing the research from data collection to final reporting. The program also includes a Guest Lecture Series, featuring presentations by renowned scientists and trained professionals who offer valuable scientific insights and experiences. Upon completion, the program provides a letter of participation (not an evaluation), though participants may request recommendations from faculty. The program operates under a Code of Honor, with no tests or grades. ◆ How to Apply Once you begin your application, we recommend considering the following: Online submission of final research track choice by deadline Full participation without other programs during the program A statement of research expectations demonstrating your personal motivation for the program and outlining what you hope to gain from it The only academic precondition is to complete specific courses needed for the program for a grade and credit by June 2025. We do not require AP or advanced level classes and self-study does not qualify. We will not collect or consider standardized test scores for admission for 2025(including PSAT, ACT/SAT, and APs). If you have any questions, please read our FAQ or visit our website www.ourssp.org. 21. What do we know about SSP? A. It is free of charge. B. It is famous for its long history. C. It is open to high school students. D. It is aimed at cultural communication. 22. What do participants in SSP do? A. Do research in pairs. B. Learn science by doing. C. Take tests on a regular basis. D. Cooperate with guest lecturers. 23. To apply for the program, one should ______. A. pass standardized tests B. submit a research proposal C. finish the required course D. provide a recommendation letter B Last year, I took my first trip to Sheffield, where my new friend Esme lived. From the moment we stepped off the train, strangers spoke to us — making small talk with an openness and warmth I hadn’t expected. Then a couple approached us, asking if we could witness their wedding. They explained that they were supposed to have a low-key wedding, but had missed their first appointment at the register office because of delayed trains. They had been able to reschedule, but had no witnesses for the ceremony. Desperately, they asked us if we would like to step in. On hearing this, the part of me raised on suspicion awakened. But another part that leans into trust and curiosity told me to say yes. I was raised to approach strangers with caution. My parents drilled in me the idea that trust had to be earned; they had seen the risks that come with being vulnerable (脆弱的) in a new environment. Being watchful of the unfamiliar was their way of ensuring we stayed safe. As I got older, their anxieties became my own. Yet there was something charming about the couple’s sincerity, so we agreed. We arrived at the register office with seconds to spare. It was just the six of us: two lovers, two friends and two registrars — pairs connected in different ways, yet all sharing in the quiet magic of the moment. The ceremony was quick and touching, and I teared up on several occasions. The simplicity of it felt meaningful. To me, their wedding symbolized an act of bravery. Trusting complete strangers to witness one of the most significant moments of their lives seemed no small challenge — they had no guarantees, just a belief in human kindness, and somehow, that faith had been rewarded. Looking back, I can’t help but think of how my parents might have reacted if I’d told them I was going to be witnessing a couple’s wedding with someone I had only recently met. But, ever since, I have made a conscious effort to acknowledge life’s uncertainties and accept them where possible. It’s easy to live life with a protective layer, but it can lead to loneliness. Moments of connection are precious, and sometimes it’s worth taking a risk. 24. Why did the couple ask for help? A. Because they missed the train. B. Because they needed witnesses. C. Because they tried to start small talk. D. Because they wanted to share their joy. 25. The author hesitated at first due to ______. A. unsafe environment B. a lack of curiosity C. inborn distrust D. a planted belief 26. What can we learn from the author’s experience? A. Many hands make light work. B. One good turn deserves another. C. A joy shared can be a joy doubled. D. A leap of faith may unlock delights. C Have you ever felt as though the temperatures your local weather app reported failed to capture how it felt outside? Well, you were right. As heat waves become more intense and more frequent, we need to change the way we think about outdoor temperatures. What matters is not how hot the air is but how hot the weather is to a human body. For that, we need “wet-bulb globe temperature”. Wet-bulb temperature, which athletic organizations, the military and regulators have used for decades, comes from a device with three thermometers to better capture how heat stresses the body The first is a basic thermometer, which measures the air temperature. The second is a thermometer inside a black ball, which captures the heat our bodies absorb from direct sunlight. The third is a thermometer covered in a wet cloth, mimicking our body’s ability to cool itself with sweat and accounting for factors such as humidity (湿度) and air movement. The three readings are combined using a weighting system to produce the wet-bulb temperature. Wet-bulb temperature might sound like the “heat index” — that is, when your local weatherperson says, “It’s 90 degrees, but it’s going to feel like 98 because of humidity” — and there are similarities. But there are also critical differences. The heat index assumes you’re in the shade and resting, but being in direct sunlight can add 15 degrees to the heat index. One way to understand the value of using wet temperatures is to look at maps comparing them with the more familiar “dry” temperatures. Take Fresno, Calif., which is forecast-to reach 102 degrees. But humidity is low, so the corresponding wet-bulb temperature is 80. New York City, for comparison, is forecast to be 98, but humidity will be high, putting the wet-bulb temperature at 88 — and making conditions even more dangerous than in Fresno. Don’t get me wrong. I just want to stress that we cannot ignore the even more dangerous weather happening elsewhere that might be less obvious. Of course, it will take time for the public to become familiar with wet-bulb temperatures. The downside is that, because they are generally lower than dry temperatures or the heat index, people could misinterpret them. The solution is to educate people about why they’re necessary. Policymakers have strategies to protect against extreme heat. For example, Portland, Ore, has begun distributing free air conditioners. Simple infrastructure enhancements such as white roofs can reflect the sun’s heat and incoming solar radiation. And planting more trees adjacent to buildings helps reduce temperatures and heat deaths. But these measures matter only if people and companies are aware there’s an issue, which means using the right data. The goal should be to help people experiencing extreme heat to protect themselves. We have the tools to measure this correctly; we just need to use them. 27. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The development of high-tech thermometers. B. The measurement of wet-bulb temperature. C. The standard of temperature classification. D. The application of a weighting system. 28. It is implied in this passage that ______. A. dry temperatures can be misleading B. wet temperature is higher than heat index C. intense heat paired with low humidity can be risky D. potential dangers of extreme heat should be stressed 29. As for current heat-fighting strategies, the author thinks ______. A. they may fail to deliver B. they should be monitored C. they ought to be diversified D. they can raise heat awareness 30. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To illustrate a concept B. To make a comparison. C To propose a practice. D. To present a phenomenon. D For almost two centuries, newspapers have been on a journey into the mass market which gave them scale, reputation and profit but which has now reached its end. They mostly abandoned dependence on subscriptions and instead sold below production cost as a way to attract readers to sell to advertisers. Since the Internet took off, the print media’s advertising-supported business model has suffered. In the past 20 years, newspapers’ ad profits have fallen by about 80%, while circulation has roughly fallen by half. Though online traffic has risen, profit from digital advertising has failed to offset (抵消) the profit draining out of print. “Platforms have become the new kings of the media landscape,” says the Competition and Markets Authority, a regulator. This power shift has led newspapers in many countries to turn to authorities for help. Partly because they have, by their very nature, a loud voice, they have generated sympathy. How much they deserve it is another matter. The world is filled with businesses torn apart by the digital revolution without anyone rushing to the rescue. Why are newspapers different? One argument is that a thriving press supports grass-roots journalism, which, though often loss-making, supports fairness and equality. That is reasonable. Yet it is mixed with other motivations, such as the desire to choke the tech giants. The result is a range of interventions aimed at putting the pressure on big tech. Mindful of the outcry, big tech is offering a handout, promising $1bn over three years to newspapers to provide news content for its site. Some publishers saw it as an unstated admission that big tech should pay for news. If anything, the gratitude for big tech’s generosity shows how desperate newspapers are for payment of any kind. More to the point, it will not change the underlying economics of the global newspaper industry. That is because the ad-funded business model was living on fumes even before the Internet ate the world this century. Data show that newspapers have been losing share of ad dollars to TV since the 1950s — long before the web. Circulation has also fallen relative to population, suggesting that profits were supported by economic and population growth, not because the industry was producing a more popular product. Claims that the tech giants are robbing newspapers for profit sound far-fetched, too. The real failure is that papers have lost control of distribution to platforms, making it harder to monetise the traffic. This is a mistake some content industries, such as video-streaming and music, have avoided. Moreover, some of the advertising dollars made by big tech came from bringing new firms into the market, rather than taking online advertisers from newspapers. So ignore the complaining of old-media companies in distress and look instead at how some newspapers have already adapted to the digital invasion. Also some digital publications with a newsworthy focus are thriving. The question of who pays for public-interest journalism remains unanswered. But few think it ought to be tech giants. That would “undermine the principles of an independent press”. 31. Why does the author cite the statistics in Paragraph 2? A. To prove the decline of print media. B. To emphasize the popularity of platforms. C. To indicate the importance of digital advertising. D. To demonstrate the inconsistency in subscriptions. 32. The underlined phrase “was living on fumes” in Paragraph 6 probably means ______. A. was taking off B. was moving forward C. was falling apart D. was struggling along 33. Which of the following may the author agree with? A. The platform should support grass-roots journalism. B. The old media should produce marketable products. C. New online advertisers should be introduced. D. Effective interventions should be made. 34. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Where is the Digital Age leading the press? B. Are online platforms really a way out? C. How the Internet impacts old media? D. Should big tech save newspapers? 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 After seeing online advertising for “Willy’s Cbocolate Experience”, people paid up to £80 each to attend. But it wasn’t as promised: instead of wondrous creations and an abundance of chocolate, families arrived at a mostly abandoned warehouse featuring a sad-looking castle. Later it emerged that the marketing materials were produced by artificial intelligence. Misleading ads are just one example of a common problem in our digitalised world. Yet even as deception (欺骗) grows more complicated, countermeasures are being developed. There is an arms race going on in the digital world. ____35____ Understanding that evolutionary conflict can help us beat those who aim to lie to us. Disinformation certainly predates the existence of humans. Cancer cells, for example, trick the immune system into treating them as a normal part of the body, causing white blood cells useless against them. ____36____ Cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of other birds The foster parents are then deceived into raising the young of others at the expense of their own. More complex are cases where wild tufted capuchin monkeys may scream as though a predator (捕食者) is nearby to trick their fellow primates into running away from food. ____37____ This links to the Red Queen hypothesis, which refers to a case where two organisms compete to outsmart each other. ____38____ Cuckoos compete with host birds. Primates compete with each other. In each conflict, a new strategy by one party forces the other to adapt — or face elimination in the cold game of natural selection. Disinformation today is a more complex version of the false monkey screams. The good news is that we know enough about evolutionary thinking to predict which steps bad actors will take next. ____39____ We have novel ways to trick it into evolving a weakness that we then take advantage of, a process called “evolutionary trapping”. Similarly, we know someone will try to outfox the tools being developed to counter deepfakes. We can predict what the next form of deepfake will look like, then prevent it. A Bodies compete with cancers. B We do this already with cancer. C. They then take the food for themselves. D. They become more intelligent with each trick. E. We see disinformation strategies among animals, too. F. We need to use our understanding to make traps of our own. G. But the competition between deception and honesty is as old as life on Earth. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）。 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 I started running competitively almost as soon as I could walk. I was three years old when I joined in my first official race. My mom and both of my brothers were runners, so the sport was built into my life from the beginning. When I was young, I enjoyed the freedom, joy, and sense of power running gave me. This pure, concentrated love of the sport gave me wings that carried me through even the toughest practices and races. However, as I got older, pressure began to build up. I was winning, but I lost sight of my real purpose as a runner: to have fun. I even began to fear hard workouts, knowing I would be disappointed if I didn’t achieve my goals. Before the final season in my high school career, I trained so hard that I got exhausted and hurt my calf. Rather than pausing for treatment and recovery, I chose to get to the line. But at last, I had to step off the track because the pain was simply unbearable. Recovery was tough. When I was finally able to run again, I was out of shape and couldn’t keep up with my team. Over the next three years, more injuries followed. But later, a famous long-distance runner Cathy’s post changed everything for me. “Every day, I make the choice to show up and see what I’ve got, and to try and be better. My advice: Keep showing up.” With just a few words, she reminded me how simple running really is. I realized I didn’t have to be perfect every day. I just had to show up and give what I had. Now, I still run every day and have completed four marathons. Joy and gratitude are the center of my practice. Thanks to Cathy, I can always return to the calming belief that things will go my way if I just keep showing up. 40. What did running bring to the author when she was young? ________________________________________________________________________________ 41. Why did the author no longer enjoy running later? ________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > Inspired by Cathy’s post, the author realized that she had to focus on pursuing perfection. ________________________________________________________________________________ 43. From the story, what can you learn about “Keep showing up”? (In about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 （20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学学生会主席李华。你校国际部学生Jim参与了学生会举办的五一劳动节志愿者活动，请用英语给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1.回顾他的参与； 2.表达感谢。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 北京市东城区2024—2025学年度第二学期高三综合练习（二） 英语 2025.5 本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When her daughter got married, Anne searched everywhere for the right hat. “But the only ___1___ that matched cost a fortune,” she says. She had to go for a straw (稻草) one in the end. It struck Anne that she could begin to ___2___ the art of hat-making at the age of 55. She took weekend classes during which she watched a wonderful sun hat come to ___3___ between her hands for the first time. The experience reminded Anne of her early ___4___. “I really wanted to go to art school but my father wanted me to have a career that I could support myself with,” she says. However, making hats ___5___ her creativity and allowed Anne to start again. Once she retired, she ___6___ for a hat-making course at a college. Once a week, she would take the train to London and begin the complicated ___7___ of handcrafting pieces. She learned everything from finding inspiration to sketching and making a range of stylish hats. “Even at home I can lose myself in it, put the radio on and get going,” she says. “It was such a(an) ___8___ task.” Anne,77, now has a hat-making workshop in her home and it has really refreshed her interest in fashion and fabric. She also recycles old dresses into hats, thinking of making a whole collection out of ___9___ used fabrics next. She now has more ____10____ than she can keep up with and she is keen to learn new techniques. “I’ll keep going as long as I can, since people always need something interesting to wear.” 1. A. dress B. hat C. trousers D. shoes 2. A. perfect B. value C. spread D. pursue 3. A. light B. power C. life D. mind 4. A. passion B. major C. contribution D. career 5. A. shaped B. measured C. influenced D. released 6. A. made up B. reached out C. signed up D. looked out 7. A. process B. preparation C. theory D. system 8. A. funny B. absorbing C. flexible D. ambitious 9. A. regularly B. temporarily C. previously D. initially 10. A. competition B. responsibilities C. profits D. demand 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，本文主要讲述了Anne在退休之后重拾早些年的热爱，开始学习帽子制作，并开了一家制帽商店的故事。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“但唯一一顶与之相配的帽子花了一大笔钱，”她说。A. dress连衣裙；B. hat帽子；C. trousers裤子；D. shoes鞋。根据上文“Anne searched everywhere for the right hat”可知，Anne到处寻找合适的帽子，故此处指唯一一顶与之相配的帽子花了一大笔钱，故选B。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Anne突然想到，她可以在55岁时开始追求制帽艺术。A. perfect使完美；B. value重视；C. spread传播；D. pursue追求。根据下文“She took weekend classes”以及“Anne,77, now has a hat-making workshop in her home”可知，她参加课程，现在在家里开了一家制帽作坊，故此处指追求制帽艺术，故选D。 【3题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她参加了周末课程，在这期间，她第一次看到一顶漂亮的太阳帽在她的手中活了起来。A. light光；B. power力量；C. life生活；D. mind头脑。根据上文“hat-making”可知，她参加制作帽子的课程，故此处指一顶漂亮的太阳帽在她的手中活了起来，come to life“变得生动，有了生命力”，故选C。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次经历使Anne想起了她早年的热爱。A. passion热爱，酷爱；B. major专业；C. contribution贡献；D. career事业。根据下文“I really wanted to go to art school”可知，Anne早些年就热爱艺术，故选A。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，制作帽子释放了她的创造力，让Anne重新开始。A. shaped塑造；B. measured测量；C. influenced影响；D. released释放。根据上文提到“一顶漂亮的太阳帽在她的手中活了起来”以及空后“allowed Anne to start again”可知，制作帽子释放出了她的创造力，故选D。 【6题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：退休后，她报名参加了一所大学的制帽课程。A. made up组成，编造；B. reached out伸手拿；C. signed up报名；D. looked out当心。根据下文“Once a week, she would take the train to London”和“She learned everything from finding inspiration to sketching and making a range of stylish hats.”可知，她报名参加了制帽课程，故选C。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每周，她都会乘火车去伦敦，开始手工制作复杂的过程。A. process过程；B. preparation准备；C. theory理论；D. system系统。根据空后“of handcrafting pieces”可知，此处指手工制作复杂的过程，故选A。 【8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一项如此有吸引力的任务。A. funny有趣的；B. absorbing引人入胜的，有吸引力的；C. flexible灵活的；D. ambitious有野心的。根据上文“Even at home I can lose myself in it, put the radio on and get going(即使在家里，我也可以沉浸其中，打开收音机，开始工作)”可知，她很享受制作帽子的过程，故此处指“这是一项如此有吸引力的任务”，故选B。 【9题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她还把旧裙子回收利用，做成帽子，然后下一步考虑用以前用过的布料做一个完整的系列。A. regularly有规律地；B. temporarily临时地；C. previously以前；D. initially开始，最初。根据上文“She also recycles old dresses into hats”可知，她回收利用旧衣服，故此处指“考虑用以前用过的布料做一个完整的系列”，故选C。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在她的订单多得应付不过来，而且她渴望学习新的制作技巧。A. competition比赛；B. responsibilities责任；C. profits利润；D. demand需要量。根据下文“ I’ll keep going as long as I can, since people always need something interesting to wear.”结合上文提到她用旧物品制作帽子推知，现在有很多人找她制作有新鲜感的帽子，即帽子的需求量很大，故选D。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 One night, my cat slipped out of the house unnoticed. The next evening, a man knocked on my door and asked ____11____ I was missing a cat. He explained he had spotted a cat lying by the roadside after being hit by a truck. He stopped ____12____ (help), wrapping it with something warm and offering water and food. ____13____ no collar to guide him, he had to go door-to-door until he found me. 【答案】11. if##whether 12. to help 13. With 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述作者的猫跑出去被一个男人救助并最终找到作者的故事。 【11题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：第二天晚上，一个男人来敲我的门，问我是不是丢了一只猫。空处引导宾语从句作asked的宾语，结合句意可知此处指“问我是不是丢了一只猫”，使用if/whether“是否”引导，故填if/whether。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他停下来帮忙，用一些暖和的东西把它包起来，并提供水和食物。结合“wrapping it with something warm and offering water and food”可知，此处指“他停下来去帮忙”，使用stop to do sth，故填to help。 【13题详解】 考查介词。句意：由于没有项圈指引，他只好挨家挨户地找，直到找到我为止。此处是with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”，在句中作状语，首字母应大写，故填With。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Plogging, a combination of jogging and picking up litter, started as an ____14____ (organize) activity around 2016 and then gradually became popular. As a workout, plogging is more efficient than simply running because it ____15____ (focus) on both environmental protection and personal health. Plus, every piece of litter we pick up during plogging contributes to a ____16____ (clean) and more beautiful environment. This activity is a win-win situation: we take care of Mother Nature while taking care of ____17____ (we). 【答案】14 organized 15. focuses 16. cleaner 17. ourselves 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了一项新的运动“跑步捡垃圾”及其好处。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：跑步捡垃圾是慢跑和捡垃圾的结合，在2016年左右开始作为一项有组织的活动，然后逐渐流行起来。空处修饰名词activity，应填形容词作定语，organized“有组织的”，形容词，故填organized。 【15题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：作为一种锻炼，跑步捡垃圾比单纯的跑步更有效，因为它既注重环境保护，又注重个人健康。结合句意及空前的is可知，此处是描述一个事实，使用一般现在时，主语it表示单数意义，谓语动词使用三单形式，故填focuses。 【16题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：此外，我们捡起的每一块垃圾都有助于营造一个更清洁、更美丽的环境。空处和“more beautiful”并列，故此处用形容词比较级，故填cleaner。 【17题详解】 考查反身代词。句意：这个活动是一个双赢的局面：我们在照顾自己的同时照顾大自然。空处作宾语，和主语是同一指代对象，应用反身代词，故填ourselves。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Lockers have long been a school tradition, but are they still necessary? Some students argue lockers relieve their heavy backpack burdens. They also serve as valuable social spaces ____18____ friendships form. However, more students are using laptops and online content to study and work on assignments, making lockers ____19____ (necessary). So, if schools remove lockers, most of which are very old, more space ____20____ (create) in the hallways. They can use it to display artwork or other creative projects, which will bring students together. 【答案】18. where 19. unnecessary 20. will be created 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了学校储物柜的必要性及其可能的替代用途。 【18题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：它们也作为宝贵的社交空间，友谊在这里形成。设空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是spaces，从句中缺少地点状语，表示“在储物柜这个社交空间中形成友谊”，应用关系副词when引导。故填where 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，更多学生使用笔记本电脑和在线内容学习，使储物柜变得不必要。根据上下文逻辑，科技手段的普及使储物柜的功能被弱化，应用necessary的反义词unnecessary“不必要的”，作宾语补足语。故填unnecessary。 【20题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：如果学校拆除老旧储物柜，走廊里将创造更多空间。if引导条件状语从句，主句描述未来结果， 且space与create为被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be created 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The Summer Science Program (SSP) is a unique immersion experience with a strong culture that has evolved over more than half a century. It is designed to challenge and inspire talented and motivated high school students from around the world. Here, young people discover their limits, and then overcome them by working together. Through informal interactions with faculty, participants receive guidance on college and major selection, helping them become more reflective applicants. There is no application fee. While a program fee exists, need-based aid funded by our generous donors allows participants from lower-income families to attend at a fee they can afford. ◆ What to Expect Unlike traditional coursework, the program offers hands-on opportunities, allowing participants to do science, not just learn about it. Working in teams of three, they tackle real-world challenges while developing critical skills like time management. Classroom and lab sessions are scheduled six days a week. Classroom time centers on building a foundation in experimental science and the team’s specific research topic. Each team studies its own target, performing the research from data collection to final reporting. The program also includes a Guest Lecture Series, featuring presentations by renowned scientists and trained professionals who offer valuable scientific insights and experiences. Upon completion, the program provides a letter of participation (not an evaluation), though participants may request recommendations from faculty. The program operates under a Code of Honor, with no tests or grades. ◆ How to Apply Once you begin your application, we recommend considering the following: Online submission of final research track choice by deadline Full participation without other programs during the program A statement of research expectations demonstrating your personal motivation for the program and outlining what you hope to gain from it The only academic precondition is to complete specific courses needed for the program for a grade and credit by June 2025. We do not require AP or advanced level classes and self-study does not qualify. We will not collect or consider standardized test scores for admission for 2025(including PSAT, ACT/SAT, and APs). If you have any questions, please read our FAQ or visit our website www.ourssp.org. 21. What do we know about SSP? A. It is free of charge. B. It is famous for its long history. C. It is open to high school students. D. It is aimed at cultural communication. 22. What do participants in SSP do? A. Do research in pairs. B. Learn science by doing. C. Take tests on a regular basis. D. Cooperate with guest lecturers. 23. To apply for the program, one should ______. A. pass standardized tests B. submit a research proposal C. finish the required course D. provide a recommendation letter 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了暑期科学项目(SSP)是一个非营利组织，为即将申请大学的高中毕业生提供实验科学体验。短文介绍了关于它的相关信息。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的“It is designed to challenge and inspire talented and motivated high school students from around the world.(它旨在挑战和激励来自世界各地有才华和上进的高中生)”可知，SSP针对的是高中生。故选C。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Unlike traditional coursework, the program offers hands-on opportunities, allowing participants to do science, not just learn about it.(与传统的课程不同，该项目提供了动手的机会，让参与者做科学，而不仅仅是学习)”可知，参与者在实践中学习科学。故选B。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The only academic precondition is to complete specific courses needed for the program for a grade and credit by June 2025.(唯一的学术前提条件是在2025年6月之前完成该计划所需的特定课程以获得成绩和学分)”可知，要申请这个项目，必须完成特定课程。故选C。 B Last year, I took my first trip to Sheffield, where my new friend Esme lived. From the moment we stepped off the train, strangers spoke to us — making small talk with an openness and warmth I hadn’t expected. Then a couple approached us, asking if we could witness their wedding. They explained that they were supposed to have a low-key wedding, but had missed their first appointment at the register office because of delayed trains. They had been able to reschedule, but had no witnesses for the ceremony. Desperately, they asked us if we would like to step in. On hearing this, the part of me raised on suspicion awakened. But another part that leans into trust and curiosity told me to say yes. I was raised to approach strangers with caution. My parents drilled in me the idea that trust had to be earned; they had seen the risks that come with being vulnerable (脆弱的) in a new environment. Being watchful of the unfamiliar was their way of ensuring we stayed safe. As I got older, their anxieties became my own. Yet there was something charming about the couple’s sincerity, so we agreed. We arrived at the register office with seconds to spare. It was just the six of us: two lovers, two friends and two registrars — pairs connected in different ways, yet all sharing in the quiet magic of the moment. The ceremony was quick and touching, and I teared up on several occasions. The simplicity of it felt meaningful. To me, their wedding symbolized an act of bravery. Trusting complete strangers to witness one of the most significant moments of their lives seemed no small challenge — they had no guarantees, just a belief in human kindness, and somehow, that faith had been rewarded. Looking back, I can’t help but think of how my parents might have reacted if I’d told them I was going to be witnessing a couple’s wedding with someone I had only recently met. But, ever since, I have made a conscious effort to acknowledge life’s uncertainties and accept them where possible. It’s easy to live life with a protective layer, but it can lead to loneliness. Moments of connection are precious, and sometimes it’s worth taking a risk. 24. Why did the couple ask for help? A. Because they missed the train. B. Because they needed witnesses. C. Because they tried to start small talk. D. Because they wanted to share their joy. 25. The author hesitated at first due to ______. A. unsafe environment B. a lack of curiosity C. inborn distrust D. a planted belief 26. What can we learn from the author’s experience? A. Many hands make light work. B. One good turn deserves another. C. A joy shared can be a joy doubled. D. A leap of faith may unlock delights. 【答案】24. B 25. D 26. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲作者摆脱自己根深蒂固的观念，和朋友一起为一对陌生夫妇见证婚礼仪式，最终收获了感动。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“They had been able to reschedule, but had no witnesses for the ceremony. Desperately, they asked us if we would like to step in.(他们可以重新安排时间，但没有证人出席仪式。他们绝望地问我们是否愿意介入)”可知，那对夫妻请求帮助是因为他们找不到人见证仪式，故选B。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“I was raised to approach strangers with caution. My parents drilled in me the idea that trust had to be earned; they had seen the risks that come with being vulnerable (脆弱的) in a new environment. Being watchful of the unfamiliar was their way of ensuring we stayed safe. As I got older, their anxieties became my own.(我从小就被教导要谨慎对待陌生人。我的父母向我灌输信任必须要赢得的观念；他们已经看到了在新环境中脆弱所带来的风险。对不熟悉的事物保持警惕是他们确保我们安全的方式。随着年龄的增长，他们的焦虑变成了我自己的焦虑)”可知，作者从小就被教育要谨慎对待陌生人，对不熟悉的事物保持警惕，所以有所怀疑，所以作者一开始犹豫是因为一种根深蒂固的观念，故选D。 26题详解】 推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第三段中“Trusting complete strangers to witness one of the most significant moments of their lives seemed no small challenge — they had no guarantees, just a belief in human kindness. and somehow, that faith had been rewarded.(让完全陌生的人见证他们生命中最重要的时刻似乎不是一个小挑战——他们没有任何保证，只是相信人性是善良的。不知何故，这种信念得到了回报)”和最后一段中“It’s easy to live life with a protective layer, but it can lead to loneliness. Moments of connection are precious, and sometimes it’s worth taking a risk.(有保护层的生活很容易，但它会导致孤独。联系的时刻是宝贵的，有时值得冒一下险)”可知，作者摆脱根深蒂固的要对陌生人保持警惕的观念，和朋友一起为一对陌生夫妇见证婚礼仪式，最终收获了感动，故从作者的经历中可推知信任的飞跃可能会带来快乐，故选D。 C Have you ever felt as though the temperatures your local weather app reported failed to capture how it felt outside? Well, you were right. As heat waves become more intense and more frequent, we need to change the way we think about outdoor temperatures. What matters is not how hot the air is but how hot the weather is to a human body. For that, we need “wet-bulb globe temperature”. Wet-bulb temperature, which athletic organizations, the military and regulators have used for decades, comes from a device with three thermometers to better capture how heat stresses the body The first is a basic thermometer, which measures the air temperature. The second is a thermometer inside a black ball, which captures the heat our bodies absorb from direct sunlight. The third is a thermometer covered in a wet cloth, mimicking our body’s ability to cool itself with sweat and accounting for factors such as humidity (湿度) and air movement. The three readings are combined using a weighting system to produce the wet-bulb temperature. Wet-bulb temperature might sound like the “heat index” — that is, when your local weatherperson says, “It’s 90 degrees, but it’s going to feel like 98 because of humidity” — and there are similarities. But there are also critical differences. The heat index assumes you’re in the shade and resting, but being in direct sunlight can add 15 degrees to the heat index. One way to understand the value of using wet temperatures is to look at maps comparing them with the more familiar “dry” temperatures. Take Fresno, Calif., which is forecast-to reach 102 degrees. But humidity is low, so the corresponding wet-bulb temperature is 80. New York City, for comparison, is forecast to be 98, but humidity will be high, putting the wet-bulb temperature at 88 — and making conditions even more dangerous than in Fresno. Don’t get me wrong. I just want to stress that we cannot ignore the even more dangerous weather happening elsewhere that might be less obvious. Of course, it will take time for the public to become familiar with wet-bulb temperatures. The downside is that, because they are generally lower than dry temperatures or the heat index, people could misinterpret them. The solution is to educate people about why they’re necessary. Policymakers have strategies to protect against extreme heat. For example, Portland, Ore, has begun distributing free air conditioners. Simple infrastructure enhancements such as white roofs can reflect the sun’s heat and incoming solar radiation. And planting more trees adjacent to buildings helps reduce temperatures and heat deaths. But these measures matter only if people and companies are aware there’s an issue, which means using the right data. The goal should be to help people experiencing extreme heat to protect themselves. We have the tools to measure this correctly; we just need to use them. 27. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The development of high-tech thermometers. B. The measurement of wet-bulb temperature. C. The standard of temperature classification. D. The application of a weighting system. 28. It is implied in this passage that ______. A. dry temperatures can be misleading B. wet temperature is higher than heat index C. intense heat paired with low humidity can be risky D. potential dangers of extreme heat should be stressed 29. As for current heat-fighting strategies, the author thinks ______. A. they may fail to deliver B. they should be monitored C. they ought to be diversified D. they can raise heat awareness 30. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To illustrate a concept B. To make a comparison. C. To propose a practice. D. To present a phenomenon. 【答案】27. B 28. A 29. A 30. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了湿球温度这一概念，包括其测量方法、与其他温度指标的区别，以及强调使用湿球温度数据对于应对极端高温、保护人们免受高温危害的重要性。 【27题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段关键句“Wet-bulb temperature, which athletic organizations, the military and regulators have used for decades, comes from a device with three thermometers to better capture how heat stresses the body. (几十年来，体育组织、军方和监管机构一直在使用湿球温度，它来自一个带有三个温度计的设备，以更好地捕捉热量对身体的压力)”可知，本段主要介绍了测量湿球温度的方法，即通过一个带有三个温度计的设备，结合三种不同的温度读数，并使用加权系统来产生湿球温度。因此，本段的主要内容是湿球温度的测量。故选B。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Take Fresno, Calif., which is forecast-to reach 102 degrees. But humidity is low, so the corresponding wet-bulb temperature is 80. New York City, for comparison, is forecast to be 98, but humidity will be high, putting the wet-bulb temperature at 88 — and making conditions even more dangerous than in Fresno. (以加利福尼亚州的弗雷斯诺为例，该地预报气温将达到102华氏度。但湿度较低，所以相应的湿球温度是80华氏度。作为对比，纽约市预报气温为98华氏度，但湿度较高，使得湿球温度达到88华氏度，这使得纽约的情况比弗雷斯诺更加危险)”可知，干球温度（即文中提到的一般所说的温度）不能完全反映实际的危险程度，会让人产生误解，以为温度高的地方就更危险，而忽略了湿度等其他因素对实际体感温度和危险程度的影响。所以干球温度可能具有误导性。故选A。 29题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But these measures matter only if people and companies are aware there’s an issue, which means using the right data. (但这些措施只有在人们和公司意识到存在问题时才重要，这意味着要使用正确的数据)”可知，作者认为当前应对高温的策略取决于人们是否意识到问题以及是否使用正确的数据，言外之意目前这些策略可能无法发挥作用。故选A。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We have the tools to measure this correctly; we just need to use them (我们有正确测量（极端高温）的工具，我们只需要使用它们)” 以及前文对湿球温度的介绍和其重要性的阐述可知，文章的目的是提议人们使用湿球温度这一正确的测量方式和数据来应对极端高温，即提议一种实践做法。故选C。 D For almost two centuries, newspapers have been on a journey into the mass market which gave them scale, reputation and profit but which has now reached its end. They mostly abandoned dependence on subscriptions and instead sold below production cost as a way to attract readers to sell to advertisers. Since the Internet took off, the print media’s advertising-supported business model has suffered. In the past 20 years, newspapers’ ad profits have fallen by about 80%, while circulation has roughly fallen by half. Though online traffic has risen, profit from digital advertising has failed to offset (抵消) the profit draining out of print. “Platforms have become the new kings of the media landscape,” says the Competition and Markets Authority, a regulator. This power shift has led newspapers in many countries to turn to authorities for help. Partly because they have, by their very nature, a loud voice, they have generated sympathy. How much they deserve it is another matter. The world is filled with businesses torn apart by the digital revolution without anyone rushing to the rescue. Why are newspapers different? One argument is that a thriving press supports grass-roots journalism, which, though often loss-making, supports fairness and equality. That is reasonable. Yet it is mixed with other motivations, such as the desire to choke the tech giants. The result is a range of interventions aimed at putting the pressure on big tech. Mindful of the outcry, big tech is offering a handout, promising $1bn over three years to newspapers to provide news content for its site. Some publishers saw it as an unstated admission that big tech should pay for news. If anything, the gratitude for big tech’s generosity shows how desperate newspapers are for payment of any kind. More to the point, it will not change the underlying economics of the global newspaper industry. That is because the ad-funded business model was living on fumes even before the Internet ate the world this century. Data show that newspapers have been losing share of ad dollars to TV since the 1950s — long before the web. Circulation has also fallen relative to population, suggesting that profits were supported by economic and population growth, not because the industry was producing a more popular product. Claims that the tech giants are robbing newspapers for profit sound far-fetched, too. The real failure is that papers have lost control of distribution to platforms, making it harder to monetise the traffic. This is a mistake some content industries, such as video-streaming and music, have avoided. Moreover, some of the advertising dollars made by big tech came from bringing new firms into the market, rather than taking online advertisers from newspapers. So ignore the complaining of old-media companies in distress and look instead at how some newspapers have already adapted to the digital invasion. Also some digital publications with a newsworthy focus are thriving. The question of who pays for public-interest journalism remains unanswered. But few think it ought to be tech giants. That would “undermine the principles of an independent press”. 31. Why does the author cite the statistics in Paragraph 2? A. To prove the decline of print media. B. To emphasize the popularity of platforms. C. To indicate the importance of digital advertising. D. To demonstrate the inconsistency in subscriptions. 32. The underlined phrase “was living on fumes” in Paragraph 6 probably means ______. A. was taking off B. was moving forward C. was falling apart D. was struggling along 33. Which of the following may the author agree with? A. The platform should support grass-roots journalism. B. The old media should produce marketable products. C. New online advertisers should be introduced. D. Effective interventions should be made. 34. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Where is the Digital Age leading the press? B. Are online platforms really a way out? C. How the Internet impacts old media? D. Should big tech save newspapers? 【答案】31. A 32. D 33. B 34. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文，作者批驳了报纸业“支持草根新闻业是在支持公平和公正”、“科技巨头正在掠夺报纸利润”这两种观点，揭露报纸行业的本质问题在其自身而非数字平台的冲击，并建议报纸业应提升内容质量从而实现自救。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“In the past 20 years, newspapers’ ad profits have fallen by about 80%, while circulation has roughly fallen by half.(在过去的20年里，报纸的广告利润下降了大约80%，而发行量大约下降了一半)”可知，此处引用数据是为了证明印刷媒体的衰落，故选A。 【32题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线部分下文“Data show that newspapers have been losing share of ad dollars to TV since the 1950s — long before the web. Circulation has also fallen relative to population(数据显示，自20世纪50年代以来——早在网络出现之前——报纸的广告收入份额就一直在输给电视。发行量相对于人口也有所下降)”可知，早在网络出现之前报纸的广告收入份额就一直在输给电视。发行量相对于人口也有所下降，由此推知划线短语所在句意为“这是因为即使在本世纪互联网吞噬世界之前，广告资助的商业模式就已经难以为继了”，was living on fumes意为“在困难中坚持，勉力维持”，故选D。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段中“Circulation has also fallen relative to population, suggesting that profits were supported by economic and population growth, not because the industry was producing a more popular product.(发行量相对于人口也有所下降，这表明利润是由经济和人口增长支撑的，而不是因为该行业在生产更受欢迎的产品)”可知，旧媒体应该生产适销对路的产品，故选B。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段中“The question of who pays for public-interest journalism remains unanswered. But few think it ought to be tech giants. That would ‘undermine the principles of an independent press’.(谁为公共新闻买单的问题仍然没有答案。但很少有人认为应该是科技巨头。这将‘破坏新闻独立的原则’)”可知，作者批驳了报纸业“支持草根新闻业是在支持公平和公正”、“科技巨头正在掠夺报纸利润”这两种观点，揭露报纸行业的本质问题在其自身而非数字平台的冲击，并建议报纸业应提升内容质量从而实现自救，D项“科技巨头应该拯救报纸吗？”最适合作为标题，故选D。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 After seeing online advertising for “Willy’s Cbocolate Experience”, people paid up to £80 each to attend. But it wasn’t as promised: instead of wondrous creations and an abundance of chocolate, families arrived at a mostly abandoned warehouse featuring a sad-looking castle. Later it emerged that the marketing materials were produced by artificial intelligence. Misleading ads are just one example of a common problem in our digitalised world. Yet even as deception (欺骗) grows more complicated, countermeasures are being developed. There is an arms race going on in the digital world. ____35____ Understanding that evolutionary conflict can help us beat those who aim to lie to us. Disinformation certainly predates the existence of humans. Cancer cells, for example, trick the immune system into treating them as a normal part of the body, causing white blood cells useless against them. ____36____ Cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of other birds. The foster parents are then deceived into raising the young of others at the expense of their own. More complex are cases where wild tufted capuchin monkeys may scream as though a predator (捕食者) is nearby to trick their fellow primates into running away from food. ____37____ This links to the Red Queen hypothesis, which refers to a case where two organisms compete to outsmart each other. ____38____ Cuckoos compete with host birds. Primates compete with each other. In each conflict, a new strategy by one party forces the other to adapt — or face elimination in the cold game of natural selection. Disinformation today is a more complex version of the false monkey screams. The good news is that we know enough about evolutionary thinking to predict which steps bad actors will take next. ____39____ We have novel ways to trick it into evolving a weakness that we then take advantage of, a process called “evolutionary trapping”. Similarly, we know someone will try to outfox the tools being developed to counter deepfakes. We can predict what the next form of deepfake will look like, then prevent it. A. Bodies compete with cancers. B. We do this already with cancer. C. They then take the food for themselves. D. They become more intelligent with each trick. E. We see disinformation strategies among animals, too. F. We need to use our understanding to make traps of our own. G. But the competition between deception and honesty is as old as life on Earth. 【答案】35. G 36. E 37. C 38. A 39. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了数字化世界中欺骗与反欺骗的“军备竞赛”，并通过自然界中的例子（如癌细胞、杜鹃鸟、卷尾猴等）类比说明这种对抗的进化本质。 【35题详解】 根据文章第二段首句“There is an arms race going on in the digital world.(数字世界正在进行一场军备竞赛)”以及后文“Understanding that evolutionary conflict can help us beat those who aim to lie to us. Disinformation certainly predates the existence of humans.(理解那种进化冲突可以帮助我们打败那些想对我们撒谎的人。虚假信息在人类出现之前就已经存在了。)”提到的进化冲突（evolutionary conflict）与虚假信息在人类出现之前就已经存在可知，此处需强调欺骗与诚实的对抗历史悠久。选项G“但欺骗与诚实的竞争与地球生命一样古老”与此呼应，衔接后文对自然界欺骗策略的讨论。故选G。 【36题详解】 下文“Cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of other birds. The foster parents are then deceived into raising the young of others at the expense of their own. More complex are cases where wild tufted capuchin monkeys may scream as though a predator (捕食者) is nearby to trick their fellow primates into running away from food.(杜鹃在别的鸟巢里下蛋。然后养父母被欺骗，以牺牲自己的孩子为代价抚养别人的孩子。更复杂的情况是，野生卷尾猴可能会尖叫，好像捕食者就在附近，以欺骗它们的灵长类同伴逃离食物。)”列举了杜鹃鸟和卷尾猴的欺骗行为，因此可知，此处总结动物界的虚假信息策略。选项E“我们在动物中也看到了虚假信息策略”是对本段内容的概括。故选E。 【37题详解】 根据前文“More complex are cases where wild tufted capuchin monkeys may scream as though a predator(捕食者)is nearby to trick their fellow primates into running away from food.(更复杂的情况是，野生卷尾猴可能会尖叫，好像捕食者就在附近，以欺骗它们的灵长类同伴逃离食物。)”可知，猴子通过虚假警告独占食物。选项C“然后它们独占食物”承接上文，阐述前文行为的最终目的和结果。故选C。 【38题详解】 根据前文“This links to the Red Queen hypothesis, which refers to a case where two organisms compete to outsmart each other.(这与红皇后假说有关，该假说指的是两种生物相互竞争以胜过对方的情况。)”提到的红皇后假说，两个生物竞争以智胜对方；后文“Cuckoos compete with host birds. Primates compete with each other.(杜鹃与宿主鸟类竞争，灵长类动物彼此竞争)”举例说明两种生物相互竞争以胜过对方，选项A“身体与癌症竞争。”承接上文，以癌症和身体的竞争为例阐释红皇后假说，与下文并列。与第二段的“Cancer cells, for example, trick the immune system into treating them as a normal part of the body, causing white blood cells useless against them.(例如，癌细胞欺骗免疫系统，将其视为身体的正常部分，导致白细胞对其无效。)”形成呼应。故选A。 【39题详解】 根据上文“The good news is that we know enough about evolutionary thinking to predict which steps bad actors will take next.(好消息是，我们对进化思维有足够的了解，可以预测不良行为者下一步会采取什么步骤。)”以及下文“We have novel ways to trick it into evolving a weakness that we then take advantage of, a process called “evolutionary trapping”.(我们有新颖的方法来诱骗它进化出一个弱点，然后利用它，这个过程被称为‘进化陷阱’。）”可知，我们通过对进化思维的了解可以预测不良行为者的下一步，并在实践中进行运用，选项B“我们已对癌症这样做”提及人类已对癌症采取类似策略，符合语境，下文中的“it”指代选项中的“cancer”，选项中的“this”指代上文中的“predict which steps bad actors will take next”。故选B。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）。 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 I started running competitively almost as soon as I could walk. I was three years old when I joined in my first official race. My mom and both of my brothers were runners, so the sport was built into my life from the beginning. When I was young, I enjoyed the freedom, joy, and sense of power running gave me. This pure, concentrated love of the sport gave me wings that carried me through even the toughest practices and races. However, as I got older, pressure began to build up. I was winning, but I lost sight of my real purpose as a runner: to have fun. I even began to fear hard workouts, knowing I would be disappointed if I didn’t achieve my goals. Before the final season in my high school career, I trained so hard that I got exhausted and hurt my calf. Rather than pausing for treatment and recovery, I chose to get to the line. But at last, I had to step off the track because the pain was simply unbearable. Recovery was tough. When I was finally able to run again, I was out of shape and couldn’t keep up with my team. Over the next three years, more injuries followed. But later, a famous long-distance runner Cathy’s post changed everything for me. “Every day, I make the choice to show up and see what I’ve got, and to try and be better. My advice: Keep showing up.” With just a few words, she reminded me how simple running really is. I realized I didn’t have to be perfect every day. I just had to show up and give what I had. Now, I still run every day and have completed four marathons. Joy and gratitude are the center of my practice. Thanks to Cathy, I can always return to the calming belief that things will go my way if I just keep showing up. 40. What did running bring to the author when she was young? ________________________________________________________________________________ 41. Why did the author no longer enjoy running later? ________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > Inspired by Cathy’s post, the author realized that she had to focus on pursuing perfection. ________________________________________________________________________________ 43. From the story, what can you learn about “Keep showing up”? (In about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. The freedom, joy, and sense of power. 41. Because pressure began to build up. 42. Inspired by Cathy’s post, the author realized that she had to focus on pursuing perfection. Because the author realized that she didn’t have to be perfect every day. 43. It means consistently trying without demanding perfection. By showing up and doing your best, progress and joy will follow naturally. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从童年时期开始参与竞技跑步，到随着年龄增长面临压力、失去跑步的初衷，再到因受伤而反思，最终在一位著名长跑运动员的启发下重新找回跑步的快乐与纯粹的过程。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“When I was young, I enjoyed the freedom, joy, and sense of power running gave me.(当我年轻的时候，我喜欢跑步给我的自由、快乐和力量感)”可知，在作者年轻的时候，跑步给她带来了自由、快乐和力量的感觉。故答案为The freedom, joy, and sense of power. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“However, as I got older, pressure began to build up. I was winning, but I lost sight of my real purpose as a runner: to have fun. I even began to fear hard workouts, knowing I would be disappointed if I didn’t achieve my goals.(然而，随着年龄的增长，压力开始累积。我赢了，但我忘记了我作为一名跑步者的真正目的：获得乐趣。我甚至开始害怕艰苦的锻炼，因为我知道如果我没有达到我的目标我会很失望)”可知，因为压力开始累积，所以作者后来不再喜欢跑步了。故答案为Because pressure began to build up. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“But later, a famous long-distance runner Cathy’s post changed everything for me. “Every day, I make the choice to show up and see what I’ve got, and to try and be better. My advice: Keep showing up.” With just a few words, she reminded me how simple running really is. I realized I didn’t have to be perfect every day. I just had to show up and give what I had.(但后来，一位著名的长跑运动员凯西的帖子彻底改变了我。“每一天，我都选择出现在跑道上，看看自己能做到什么程度，并努力超越自我。我的建议是：坚持跑下去。”短短几句话让我恍然大悟——跑步的本质原来如此简单。我明白了不必苛求每天表现完美，只需坚持站上跑道，全力以赴)”可知，受到Cathy帖子的启发，作者意识到不必苛求每天表现完美，只需坚持站上跑道，全力以赴，所以“Inspired by Cathy’s post, the author realized that she had to focus on pursuing perfection.”中“had to focus on pursuing perfection.”是错误的，应改为The author realized that she didn’t have to be perfect every day.故答案为Inspired by Cathy’s post, the author realized that she had to focus on pursuing perfection. Because the author realized that she didn’t have to be perfect every day. 【43题详解】 开放性试题。要言之有理，注意词数限制。如：根据第三段“But later, a famous long-distance runner Cathy’s post changed everything for me. “Every day, I make the choice to show up and see what I’ve got, and to try and be better. My advice: Keep showing up.” With just a few words, she reminded me how simple running really is. I realized I didn’t have to be perfect every day. I just had to show up and give what I had.(但后来，一位著名的长跑运动员凯西的帖子彻底改变了我。“每一天，我都选择出现在跑道上，看看自己能做到什么程度，并努力超越自我。我的建议是：坚持跑下去。”短短几句话让我恍然大悟——跑步的本质原来如此简单。我明白了不必苛求每天表现完美，只需坚持站上跑道，全力以赴)”可知，“Keep showing up”意味着不断地尝试而不要求完美。通过表现和尽你最大的努力，进步和快乐自然会随之而来。故答案为It means consistently trying without demanding perfection. By showing up and doing your best, progress and joy will follow naturally. 第二节 （20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学学生会主席李华。你校国际部学生Jim参与了学生会举办的五一劳动节志愿者活动，请用英语给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1.回顾他的参与； 2.表达感谢。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, On behalf of the Student Union, I’d like to thank you for your active participation in our Labor Day volunteer activity. Your devotion left a deep impression on everyone. In the Temple of Heaven, you greeted visitors with a warm smile and patiently answered their questions at the information desk. As an English native speaker, you can also speak good Chinese. You communicated fluently with visitors from home and abroad. Your help enabled them to have a better experience in Beijing. We really appreciate what you did. We look forward to seeing you in more activities in the future. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给学校国际部学生Jim写一封电子邮件，回顾他参与的五一劳动节志愿者活动并表达感谢。 【详解】1.词汇积累 代表：on behalf of→represent 参与：participation→involvement 耐心地：patiently→with patience 使某人能够做某事：enable sb to do sth→make it possible for sb to do sth 2.句式拓展 改写同义句 原句：Your help enabled them to have a better experience in Beijing. 拓展句：It was your help that enabled them to have a better experience in Beijing. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Your help enabled them to have a better experience in Beijing.（运用了不定式作宾补） 【高分句型2】We really appreciate what you did.（运用了what引导宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$