Unit 4 Space Exploration 语法Grammar 动词不定式做定语和状语-2024-2025学年高一英语单元语法，词汇练习(人教版2019必修第三册)

Unit 4 Space Exploration 动词不定式做定语和状语 一、单句语法填空 1．One way (begin) is to answer your own excuses. 【答案】to begin 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：一种开始的方法是回答你自己的借口。此处为动词不定式to do作后置定语修饰way，way to do“做……的方法”为固定搭配。故填to begin。 2．China’s Belt and Road Initiative has considerable potential (create) positive benefits. 【答案】to create 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的“一带一路”倡议具有创造积极效益的巨大潜力。名词potential后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to create。 3．Miss Brown was the next person (rise) to speak. 【答案】to rise 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：布朗小姐是下一个站起来发言的人。the next修饰名词，后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to rise。 4．I can’t go to the cinema with you because I have a lot of homework (finish). 【答案】to finish 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我不能和你一起去看电影，因为我有很多作业要完成。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰homework，结合句意，此处表示未发生的动作，所以使用动词不定式形式，且finish与动作的发出者，即主语I之间为主动关系，所以此处使用主动形式表示被动意义。故填to finish。 5．Ales was happy that he got the chance (compete) in the national championship. 【答案】to compete 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Ales很高兴他有机会参加全国锦标赛。根据句子结构，chance后面常接不定式形式作后置定语，get the chance to do sth.表示“有机会做某事”。故填to compete。 6．This company was the first (produce) mobile phones in the world. 【答案】to produce 【详解】考查不定式。句意：这家公司是世界上第一家生产移动电话的公司。the first后用不定式作后置定语，因此空格处是不定式to produce。故填to produce。 7．The woman was Tu Youyou, the first Chinese female scientist (award) a Nobel Prize for her work. 【答案】 to be awarded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位女士是屠呦呦，第一位因她的工作而被授予诺贝尔奖的中国女科学家。当名词前有序数词修饰时，后面常用不定式作后置定语；且scientist与award之间是被动关系，所以用不定式的被动形式to be awarded。故填to be awarded。 8．I am glad to have the opportunity (experience) this different way of life. 【答案】to experience 【详解】考查不定式。句意：我很高兴有这个机会来体验这种不同的生活方式。此处意为“做……的机会”，表达为the opportunity to do...，故应用不定式作定语，故填to experience。 9．And on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world (enter) space. 【答案】to enter 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。空处作后置定语修饰名词person，名词前由序数词the first修饰，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作定语。故填to enter。 10．Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways (sustain) long­distance friendships. 【答案】to sustain 【详解】考查动词。句意：友谊需要细心呵护才能保持健康。以下是维持异地友谊的五种方法。way的意思是“方式方法”，后面用不定式作后置定语。故填to sustain。 11．A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. 【答案】to journey 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。step前面有序数词first，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。 12．I look forward to a chance (sample) a different way of life. 【答案】to sample 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我期待有机会体验不同的生活方式。修饰名词chance，需用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to sample。 13．Besides the frosty delights, the city still has much more (offer) all year around, including its traditional European-style architecture, unique cuisine and cultural events. 【答案】to offer 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：除了寒冷的乐趣，这座城市全年还有更多的东西可以提供，包括传统的欧式建筑，独特的美食和文化活动。空处修饰much more，用不定式作后置定语。故填to offer。 14．I made a resolution (respect) and protect this unique landscape while I was here. 【答案】to respect 【详解】考查动词。句意：当我在这里的时候，我下定决心尊重并保护这一独特的景观。设空处在句中作非谓语，固定短语make a resolution to do sth。故填to respect. 15．This is an opportunity (enhance) the reputation of the company. 【答案】to enhance 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：这是一个提高公司声誉的机会。分析句子可知，此处为动词不定式to do作后置定语修饰opportunity，opportunity to do“做……的机会”为惯用表达。故填to enhance。 16．This soldier became the only one (escape) from the enemy. 【答案】to escape 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：这个士兵成了唯一一个从敌人手中逃出来的人。句子中已经有谓语动词became，因此需要填入非谓语动词；代词one被the only修饰，所以用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to escape。 17．She became the first Jamaican woman ever (win) the 100 meters Olympic gold. 【答案】to win 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她成为第一个获得100米奥运金牌的牙买加女性。空处应填非谓语动词，由句意及空前的the first Jamaican woman可知应填不定式形式，作后置定语，当中心词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时应用不定式作后置定语。故填to win。 18．Local volunteers have a duty (serve) the community. 【答案】to serve 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：当地志愿者有义务为社区服务。此处为非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词duty，have a duty to do sth.意为“有义务做某事”符合句意，所以此处使用动词不定式形式。故填to serve。 19．The ability (smile) is actually something we are born with. 【答案】to smile 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：微笑的能力实际上是我们与生俱来的。空处修饰名词ability，smile需用动词不定式形式作后置定语。故填to smile。 20．Do you know who is the first Chinese (circle) the earth in a spaceship? 【答案】to circle 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：你知道谁是第一个乘宇宙飞船绕地球一周的中国人么？此处为非谓语动词作定语，当修饰的名词前有序数词修饰时用不定式作后置定语。故填to circle。 21．She selected a beautiful scarf (match) her new dress. 【答案】to match 【详解】考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：她挑选了一条漂亮的围巾来搭配她的新裙子。分析句子结构可知，selected 是谓语动词，且句中无连词，所以match要变成非谓语动词。结合语意，“她挑选了一条漂亮的围巾来搭配她的新裙子”可知要用动词不定式作目的状语，故填 to match。 22．Parents and children should communicate more (narrow) the gap between them. 【答案】to narrow 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：父母和孩子应该多沟通，以缩小他们之间的代沟。narrow作动词，意为“使……缩小”；根据句意，设空处应用动词不定式，作目的状语。故填to narrow。 23． (survive), they were driven to extremes. 【答案】To survive 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了生存，它们被逼到了极端。空处表示目的“为了生存”，用不定式作目的状语，放在句首，首字母大写。故填To survive。 24．Performers depend on the audience (react) positively to their performances. 【答案】to react 【详解】考查不定式。句意：表演者依靠观众对他们的表演作出积极的反应。depend on sb. to do sth.是固定短语，意为“依靠某人做某事”，因此空格处用不定式to react。故填to react。 25．In order not to be heard, she pointed her finger upwards (signal) that someone was moving about upstairs. 【答案】to signal 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了不让别人听见，她用手指向上指了指，示意有人在楼上走动。动词signal意为“示意”；表示“pointed her finger upwards”的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to signal。 26．We really should do something (assist) them. 【答案】to assist 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我们真的应该做点什么来帮助他们。should do是本句谓语，空处为非谓语动词，再结合句意“来帮助他们”，设空处应填动词不定式，作目的状语。故填to assist。 27．The spacecraft broke down suddenly only （stop）the ongoing mission. 【答案】to stop 【详解】考查不定式。句意飞船突然发生故障，导致正在进行的任务中止。only to do为固定短语，表示“做某事，结果却……”，空处应为不定式作结果状语，表示意想不到的结果，故填to stop。 28．People fled into the neighboring country to escape the floods, only (trap) in a terrible war. 【答案】to be trapped 【详解】考查动词不定式的被动语态。句意：人们逃到邻国躲避洪水，却被困在一场可怕的战争中。分析句子可知，此处为only后接动词不定式to do作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，结合trap和逻辑主语People为动宾关系，所以为不定式的被动语态结构。故填to be trapped。 29．His expression confirmed us that he was mature enough (face) the challenge. 【答案】to face 【详解】考查不定式。句意：他的表情使我们确信他已经成熟到足以面对挑战。根据句意和所给动词face以及空格前的enough分析句子可知，空格处应该填入不定式形式to face作结果状语（enough to do something是固定搭配）。故填to face。 30．Ms Wang has been dieting for months, only (gain) a few more pounds, which really confuses her. 【答案】to gain 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：王女士几个月来一直在节食，结果又胖了几磅，这让她很困惑。此处为only to do，不定式作结果状语。故填to gain。 31．A car was coming towards the girl quickly and she was too frightened by the sight (move). 【答案】to move 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一辆汽车快速地向这个女孩驶来,她被这个场景吓得不能动了。本句中的“too...to...”表示“太……以至于不能……”，其中to是不定式符号，后接动词原形。故填to move。 32．Would you be so kind as (carry) the luggage for me? 【答案】to carry 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：劳驾帮我拿一下行李好吗？“so+形容词+as to do”表示“如此……以至于……”，不定式作结果状语。故填to carry。 33．Most adults do not feel competent (deal) with a medical emergency involving a child. 【答案】to deal 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：大多数成年人觉得自己没有能力处理与儿童有关的医疗紧急情况。此处考查固定短语feel competent to do sth，意为“觉得有能力做某事”，设空处应填不定式，作状语。故填to deal。 34．Roze’s chain shops are helpful (establish)Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant. 【答案】to establish 建立 【详解】 考查不定式。句意：罗泽连锁店有助于建立罗泽作为现代餐厅的发明者。be helpful to为固定搭配，意为“对……有帮助”，to是不定式符号，接动词原形构成不定式作状语。故填to establish。 Sentence meaning: for a fixed collocation, meaning””. 35．I always want to go to the Yellow Mountain, but now I am frightened (travel)alone. 【答案】to travel 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我总是想去黄山，但现在我害怕独自旅行。设空处在句中作非谓语，后应为不定式作状语；be frightened to do sth害怕做某事，固定用法，故填to travel。 36．I'm happy （receive）your letter and know you're coming to China. 【答案】to receive 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我很高兴收到你的来信，知道你要来中国了。根据句意和所给动词receive可知，该题是考查be happy to do something（高兴做某事），不定式放到表示情感的形容词后作原因状语。故填to receive。 37．Although committing a big mistake, he was reluctant ( admit) he was wrong. 【答案】to admit 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然犯了一个大错误，但他不愿意承认自己错了。be reluctant to do不情愿做某事。根据句意，故填to admit。 38．I’m terribly sorry (interrupt),but may I use your phone?It’s rather urgent. 【答案】to interrupt 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：很抱歉打扰您，我可以用一下您的电话吗? 这是相当迫切。根据上文的sorry可知，此处用动词不定式构成be sorry to do sth固定结构表示“抱歉做某事”。故填to interrupt。 39．You were silly not (lock) your car. 【答案】to have locked 【详解】考查动词不定式作原因状语。句意：你真傻，没把车锁上。此处是动词不定式做原因状语，且动词不定式动作先于谓语动词，所以用动词不定式的完成式。故填to have locked。 40．In the 20th century, milk could be transported and became easier and gradually more popular worldwide. (preserve) 【答案】to preserve 【详解】考查不定式。句意：在20世纪，牛奶可以运输，也更容易保存，逐渐在世界范围内流行起来。当形容词表示的是主语的性质时，应用不定式主动表被动。故填to preserve。 二、完成句子 41．We are young people of China. (作为……感到自豪) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 proud to be 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：作为中国的青年，我们感到自豪。“自豪”使用形容词proud，不定式作原因状语，常用在“sb.+be+adj.+to do”句型中，形容词通常是angry，delighted，excited，pleased，sorry，proud，surprised等表示情绪的词。故填①proud②to③be。 42．I don’t feel ready to . 我不愿意承担新的责任。 【答案】take on new responsibilities 【详解】考查短语。take on the responsibility承担责任。feel/be ready to do乐意做某事，不定式to后接动词原形。根据句意，故填take on new responsibilities。 43．她大学一毕业就找到了工作,真是幸运。 She was a job as soon as she graduated from the university. 【答案】fortunate enough to find 【详解】考查非谓语动词。根据be +adj +enough+to do 可知，在此句型中enough是修饰adj做状语，to do是状语，表原因。故空格处填fortunate enough to find。 44．这个问题太棘手了，这位研究员很难在短时间内解决。(主语+be+形容词+for sb. to do) The tough problem . 【答案】was too difficult for this researcher to solve in a short time 【详解】考查固定短语、非谓语动词。too...to为固定短语，表示“太……以至于不能”；表示“这位研究员解决”含义的表达为for this researcher to solve in a short time，该表达为动词不定式的复合结构；表示“在短时间内”含义的表达为in a short time，故填was too difficult for this researcher to solve in a short time。 45．I walked all the way from home to the library， ． 我从家里一路走到图书馆，结果却发现图书馆已经关门了。 【答案】only to find it closed 【详解】考查不定式和固定短语。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“却发现它关门了”，“却”用only to do表示出乎意料的结果，“发现”是find，“它”是it，“关门”用closed作宾语补足语，因此空格处是only to find it closed。故填only to find it closed。 46．幸运的是，他父母为他买了一台电脑与他做伴。(不定式短语作目的状语) 。 Fortunately, his parents bought him a computer . 【答案】to keep him company 【详解】考查非谓语动词。表示“与他作伴”使用动词短语keep him company，此处表示目的，使用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to keep him company。 47．上周日，我们在日出时起床参加了森林公园之旅。（不定式短语作目的状语） We arose at sunrise to the Forest Park last Sunday. 【答案】to participate in a trip 【详解】考查非谓语动词。“参加”为participate in ；“旅行”为trip，作介词的宾语。本句为动词不定式作目的状语。故填to participate in a trip。 48．She was the first woman in the Olympic Games. 她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。 【答案】to win the gold medal 【详解】考查不定式作定语及动词短语。根据中文提示，“获得金牌”可以翻译为win the gold medal；横线前有序数词the first，需要将win变成不定式形式从而充当定语，修饰woman。故答案是to win the gold medal。 49．讨论这个问题他是最好的人选。 He is the best person . 【答案】to discuss the matter with 【详解】考查动词不定式。“和某人讨论某事”使用动词短语discuss sth. with sb.，“这个问题”the matter，空处作作后置定语，修饰person，且person前由最高级the best修饰，应用动词不定式形式作后置定语。故填to discuss the matter with。 50．What’s more, football has become one of the best ways . (足球成为人们交流的最好方式之一) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 for people to communicate 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：更重要的是，足球已经成为人们交流的最佳方式之一。根据提示的汉语，表示“交流”为动词communicate，空处作ways的后置定语，抽象名词way后通常跟动词不定式作后置定语，所以表示“某人做某事的方式”为the ways for sb. to do sth.，表示“人们”为people作不定式的逻辑主语，其前使用介词for，所以“人们交流的”为for people to communicate作定语修饰ways。故填①for②people③to④communicate。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Space Exploration 动词不定式做定语和状语 一、单句语法填空 1．One way (begin) is to answer your own excuses. 2．China’s Belt and Road Initiative has considerable potential (create) positive benefits. 3．Miss Brown was the next person (rise) to speak. 4．I can’t go to the cinema with you because I have a lot of homework (finish). 5．Ales was happy that he got the chance (compete) in the national championship. 6．This company was the first (produce) mobile phones in the world. 7．The woman was Tu Youyou, the first Chinese female scientist (award) a Nobel Prize for her work. 8．I am glad to have the opportunity (experience) this different way of life. 9．And on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world (enter) space. 10．Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways (sustain) long­distance friendships. 11．A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. 12．I look forward to a chance (sample) a different way of life. 13．Besides the frosty delights, the city still has much more (offer) all year around, including its traditional European-style architecture, unique cuisine and cultural events. 14．I made a resolution (respect) and protect this unique landscape while I was here. 15．This is an opportunity (enhance) the reputation of the company. 16．This soldier became the only one (escape) from the enemy. 17．She became the first Jamaican woman ever (win) the 100 meters Olympic gold. 18．Local volunteers have a duty (serve) the community. 19．The ability (smile) is actually something we are born with. 20．Do you know who is the first Chinese (circle) the earth in a spaceship? 21．She selected a beautiful scarf (match) her new dress. 22．Parents and children should communicate more (narrow) the gap between them. 23． (survive), they were driven to extremes. 24．Performers depend on the audience (react) positively to their performances. 25．In order not to be heard, she pointed her finger upwards (signal) that someone was moving about upstairs. 26．We really should do something (assist) them. 27．The spacecraft broke down suddenly only （stop）the ongoing mission. 28．People fled into the neighboring country to escape the floods, only (trap) in a terrible war. 29．His expression confirmed us that he was mature enough (face) the challenge. 30．Ms Wang has been dieting for months, only (gain) a few more pounds, which really confuses her. 31．A car was coming towards the girl quickly and she was too frightened by the sight (move). 32．Would you be so kind as (carry) the luggage for me? 33．Most adults do not feel competent (deal) with a medical emergency involving a child. 34．Roze’s chain shops are helpful (establish)Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant. 35．I always want to go to the Yellow Mountain, but now I am frightened (travel)alone. 36．I'm happy （receive）your letter and know you're coming to China. 37．Although committing a big mistake, he was reluctant ( admit) he was wrong. 38．I’m terribly sorry (interrupt),but may I use your phone?It’s rather urgent. 39．You were silly not (lock) your car. 40．In the 20th century, milk could be transported and became easier and gradually more popular worldwide. (preserve) 二、完成句子 41．We are young people of China. (作为……感到自豪) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 42．I don’t feel ready to . 我不愿意承担新的责任。 43．她大学一毕业就找到了工作,真是幸运。 She was a job as soon as she graduated from the university. 44．这个问题太棘手了，这位研究员很难在短时间内解决。(主语+be+形容词+for sb. to do) The tough problem . 45．I walked all the way from home to the library， ． 我从家里一路走到图书馆，结果却发现图书馆已经关门了。 46．幸运的是，他父母为他买了一台电脑与他做伴。(不定式短语作目的状语) 。 Fortunately, his parents bought him a computer . 47．上周日，我们在日出时起床参加了森林公园之旅。（不定式短语作目的状语） We arose at sunrise to the Forest Park last Sunday. 48．She was the first woman in the Olympic Games. 她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。 49．讨论这个问题他是最好的人选。 He is the best person . 50．What’s more, football has become one of the best ways . (足球成为人们交流的最好方式之一) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$