专题03 完形填空（优选上海名校真题）（上海专用）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末真题分类汇编

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 专题03 完形填空（优选上海名校真题） (23-24高一下·上海黄浦区·期末) My daughter had just turned five when I took her to go grocery shopping with me one day. There on display was the most beautiful toilet paper she had ever seen, for it was pink. During 1 awareness month, the toilet paper company had made their products pink, with a part of each sale’s profits helping the people in need. And my daughter simply had to have it. She begged with her sweetest pretty pleases. Of course I 2 her request, explaining that it was pink to raise awareness of kindness and that 3 of the money we were paying was going towards helping others. My little girl sat in the cart, holding her package of pink toilet paper. She could not contain her excitement and talked on and on. On the way out, she retold to the cashier everything she could remember about the 4 of the colored toilet paper. Her 5 spread among the other customers, and several more packages went through the checkouts that morning. My daughter carried the tower of toilet paper into the house herself and dragged it upstairs, which was a great 6 considering the package stood as tall as she did. That evening, I walked into the bathroom to find all the rolls 7 stored in the cupboard, in the shape of a lovely castle. She began in all seriousness as she ceremoniously (隆重地) 8 a half used white roll on the holder with a new pink one, “ 9 I use it, I will remember to pray for all those people who are 10 right now.” 1．A．beauty B．charity C．culture D．environment 2．A．put in B．agreed to C．turned down D．responded to 3．A．all B．more C．none D．some 4．A．usage B．price C．meaning D．misunderstanding 5．A．calmness B．confidence C．passion D．patience 6．A．achievement B．expectation C．independence D．responsibility 7．A．neatly B．messily C．casually D．naturally 8．A．combined B．compared C．mixed D．replaced 9．A．In case B．Now that C．Every time D．Even though 10．A．in common B．in silence C．in trouble D．in practice 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．C 6．A 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者带女儿去购物，在看到女儿从来没见过的粉色厕纸的时候，女儿非常喜欢，记下并重复粉色厕纸的意义，拿回家后作者女儿替换了白色厕纸，并说她以后会为处于困境中的人祈祷。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在慈善宣传月期间，这家卫生纸公司把他们的产品做成了粉红色，每次销售的一部分利润都用来帮助有需要的人。A. beauty漂亮；B. charity慈善；C. culture文化；D. environment环境。由本句中“helping the people in need”可知是帮助需要的人，即做慈善活动，推知空处表达的是“慈善”。故选B项。 2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当然，我同意了她的要求，并解释说，粉红色是为了提高人们对善良的认识，我们支付的一些钱是用来帮助别人的。A. put in投入；B. agreed to同意；C. turned down拒绝；D. responded to回应。由“Of course（当然）”可知作者同意了女儿的请求。故选B项。 3．考查代词词义辨析。句意：当然，我同意了她的要求，并解释说，粉红色是为了提高人们对善良的认识，我们支付的一些钱是用来帮助别人的。A. all所有；B. more更多；C. none全无；D. some一些。根据空格后的“of the money we were paying was going towards helping others”可知，钱中的一些用来帮助别人。故选D项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在出去的路上，她把她所记得的关于彩色卫生纸的意义的一切都告诉了收银员。A. usage用法；B. price价格；C. meaning意义； D. misunderstanding误解。由第一段“Of course I__2__her request, explaining that it was pink to raise awareness of kindness and that ____of the money we were paying was going towards helping others.”可知作者跟女儿解释过了这种粉色厕纸的意义；由本句中“retold（重述）”可推知，作者的女儿又将她所记得的粉色厕纸的意义跟收银员又说了一遍，因为她女儿得到这个厕纸是很激动的，重述一遍厕纸的意义恰恰也是反应这点。故选C项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的热情在其他顾客中传播开来，那天早上又有几个包裹通过了收银台。A. calmness冷静；B. confidence自信；C. passion热情；D. patience耐心。根据下文“several more packages went through the checkouts that morning.”可知，她的热情在其他顾客中传播开来。故选C项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我女儿自己把那堆卫生纸扛进屋里，拖到楼上，考虑到包裹和她一样高，这是一个了不起的成就。A. achievement成就；B. expectation期望；C. independence独立；D. responsibility责任。由本句“My daughter carried the tower of toilet paper into the house herself and dragged it upstairs”可知，那个包裹跟作者女儿一样高，而这个孩子把包裹拖到楼上了，对于一个孩子来说这个是很不容易的，所以对孩子来说这是一个了不起的成就。故选A项。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，我走进浴室，发现所有的卷纸都整齐地放在橱柜里，形状像一座可爱的城堡。A. neatly整齐地；B. messily乱糟糟地；C. casually随意地；D. naturally自然地。根据下文“in the shape of a lovely castle.”可知，发现所有的卷纸都整齐地放在橱柜里。故选A项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她非常严肃地开始了她的仪式，用一个新的粉色纸卷取代了固定器上用了一半的白色纸卷，“每次我使用它的时候，我会立即记得为所有那处于困境中的人祈祷。A. combined结合；B. compared对比；C. mixed混合；D. replaced取代。根据下文“____I use it, I will remember to pray for all those people who are _____right now.”可知，作者女儿严肃地开始一个仪式，即一个动作，并说立刻会想起为那些处于困境中人所祈祷，她看到那些粉色纸卷的时候才会立即想起来祈祷，推知她这个动作就是将用过一半的白色纸卷用新的粉色纸卷替换掉了，故选D项。 9．考查连词短语辨析。句意：她非常严肃地开始了她的仪式，用一个新的粉色纸卷取代了固定器上用了一半的白色纸卷，“每次我使用它的时候，我会立即记得为所有那处于困境中的人祈祷。A. In case以防；B. Now that既然；C. Every time每次；D. Even though即使。根据句意可知，本句为Every time引导的时间状语从句。故选C项。 10．考查介词短语辨析。她非常严肃地开始了她的仪式，用一个新的粉色纸卷取代了固定器上用了一半的白色纸卷，“每次我使用它的时候，我会立即记得为所有那处于困境中的人祈祷。A. in common共同的；B. in silence沉默地；C. in trouble处于困难中；D. in practice实践上。根据上文“the people in need”可知，指为所有那处于困境中的人祈祷。 故选C项。 (23-24高一下·上海建平中学·期末) Taking A Vacation Could Help You Live Longer Thinking about skipping vacation days? Don’t. One of the longest follow-up studies in the world finds vacations can actually prolong your life. And if you think your spin classes (动感单车课程) and clean eating will make up for 1 your dream cruise trip and save you from your jam-packed, hard driving life, think again. An improved, healthier lifestyle doesn’t 2 working too hard and not taking your holidays, University of Helsinki professor Timo Strandberg said Tuesday at the annual European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Congress. “ 3 can be a good way to relieve stress.” The new findings are a part of the Helsinki Businessmen Study, research that for decades has 4 1,222 male executives born between 1919 and 1934. Each had at least one risk factor for heart disease, for example, smoking, 5 , or had high blood pressure. The research, which began in the 1960s, 6 into a longitudinal (纵向的) study and was extended through 2014, focusing in part on how mid-life risk factors can impact the 7 in old age. For the study, the men were split into two groups. In one control group, men lived their lives as they 8 did and did not meet with the study’s investigators. Men in the other group, a(n) 9 group, were given advice on how to improve their health. These men were asked to exercise, improve their diets, reach a healthy weight or stop smoking. At the study’s 15-year check-in, Strandberg found that if their vacations 10 , the men who improved their lifestyles had a 37 percent higher chance of death rate. What is to 11 ? Working too hard, not sleeping enough and not taking enough vacation. While 12 , this new research won’t likely impact most Americans’ vacation habits. Most American workers don’t get that many paid days to begin with. Even if they do have the time, many workers feel they can’t 13 it. Americans have put off vacation because they feel they have too much work to do and too many family 14 . Given that experts find that vacation can help you be more productive when you return to work, maybe it’s time to put forward the request for a few days 15 . 1．A．extending B．postponing C．planning D．locating 2．A．apply for B．sort out C．compensate for D．soak up 3．A．Vacations B．Work-outs C．Outlets D．Adventures 4．A．qualified B．counted C．motivated D．followed 5．A．mood B．gender C．obesity D．diet 6．A．halved B．fell C．evolved D．looked 7．A．perception B．status C．ambition D．well-being 8．A．eventually B．usually C．individually D．attentively 9．A．intervention B．selection C．witness D．supervision 10．A．added up B．faded away C．stood out D．fell short 11．A．emerge B．blame C．escape D．rescue 12．A．dramatic B．ideal C．awkward D．delicate 13．A．exclude B．afford C．involve D．stretch 14．A．operations B．versions C．obligations D．generations 15．A．over B．in C．down D．off 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．C 6．C 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．D 11．B 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上最长的跟踪研究之一发现，度假实际上可以延长人的寿命。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你认为你的动感单车课程和干净的饮食可以弥补你推迟的梦想游轮之旅，把你从拥挤的、艰难的驾驶生活中拯救出来，那你再想想吧。A. extending延伸，扩展；B. postponing推迟；C. planning计划；D. locating确定……的位置。根据语境和前文“And if you think your spin classes(动感单车课程) and clean eating will make up for”以及后文“your dream cruise trip and save you from your jam-packed, hard driving life”可知，此处是指如果你认为你的动感单车课程和干净的饮食可以弥补你推迟的梦想游轮之旅，把你从拥挤的、艰难的驾驶生活中拯救出来。故选B项。 2．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：本周二，赫尔辛基大学教授蒂莫·斯特兰德伯格在欧洲心脏病学会年度大会上说，改善的、健康的生活方式并不能弥补工作过度和不休假的损失。A. apply for申请；B. sort out分类；C. compensate for弥补；D. soak up吸收。根据语境和前文“An improved, healthier lifestyle doesn’t”和后文“working too hard and not taking your holidays”以及“　　3　　 can be a good way to relieve stress.”可知，缓解压力的好方法是其他方法，由此推知，此处是指改善的、健康的生活方式并不能弥补工作过度和不休假的损失。故选C项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：度假是缓解压力的好方法。A. Vacations度假；B. Work-outs锻炼；C. Outlets出口，经销店；D. Adventures冒险。根据语境和前文“One of the longest follow-up studies in the world finds vacations can actually prolong your life.”可知，世界上最长的跟踪研究之一发现，度假实际上可以延长你的寿命，由此推知，度假是缓解压力的好方法。故选A项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些新发现是赫尔辛基商人研究的一部分，该研究对1222名出生于1919年至1934年之间的男性高管进行了数十年的跟踪调查。A. qualified取得资格；B. counted数数；C. motivated激励；D. followed跟踪。根据常识和前文“research that for decades has”以及后文“1,222 male executives born between 1919 and 1934”可知，此处是指该研究对1222名出生于1919年至1934年之间的男性高管进行了数十年的跟踪调查。故选D项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个人都至少有一个心脏病的危险因素，例如，吸烟，肥胖，或有高血压。A. mood情绪；B. gender性别；C. obesity肥胖；D. diet饮食。根据语境和前文“one risk factor for heart disease, for example, smoking”以及后文“or had high blood pressure”可知，吸烟，肥胖，或有高血压都属于心脏病的危险因素。故选C项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项研究始于20世纪60年代，后来演变成一项纵向研究，并持续到2014年，部分重点关注中年风险因素如何影响老年人的健康。A. halved减半；B. fell降落，减少；C. evolved演变；D. looked看。根据语境和前文“The research, which began in the 1960s”以及后文“into a longitudinal(纵向的) study and was extended through 2014”可知，此处是指这项研究始于20世纪60年代，后来演变成一项纵向研究，并持续到2014年。故选C项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项研究始于20世纪60年代，后来演变成一项纵向研究，并持续到2014年，部分重点关注中年风险因素如何影响老年人的健康。A. perception感知；B. status地位，身份；C. ambition抱负；D. well-being健康。根据语境和前文“Each had at least one risk factor for heart disease, for example, smoking, 　　5　　, or had high blood pressure.”和“focusing in part on how mid-life risk factors can impact the”可知，每个人都至少有一个心脏病的危险因素，例如，吸烟，肥胖，或有高血压，由此推知，此处是指部分重点关注中年风险因素如何影响老年人的健康。故选D项。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在一个对照组中，男性过着他们平常的生活，不与研究人员见面。A. eventually最终；B. usually通常；C. individually单独地；D. attentively专心地；根据语境和前文“In one control group, men lived their lives as they”与后文“did and did not meet with the study’s investigators. Men in the other group, a(n) 　　9　　group, were given advice on how to improve their health.”可知，另一个组的男性被给一些如何改善他们的健康的建议，由此推知，在对照组中，男性过着他们平常的生活，不与研究人员见面。故选B项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一组，即干预组的男性被给一些如何改善他们的健康的建议。A. intervention干预；B. selection选择；C. witness目击者；D. supervision监督。根据语境和后文“were given advice on how to improve their health.”可知，另一组的男性被给一些如何改善他们的健康的建议，这一组为干预组。故选A项。 10．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在这项长达15年的研究中，斯特兰德伯格发现，如果他们的假期不够长，那些改善了生活方式的男性的死亡率要高出37%。A. added up加起来；B. faded away逐渐消失；C. stood out显眼，突出；D. fell short不足，不够。根据语境和前文“Strandberg found that if their vacations”以及后文“the men who improved their lifestyles had a 37 percent higher chance of death rate”可知，斯特兰德伯格在研究中发现，如果他们的假期不够长，那些改善了生活方式的男性的死亡率要高出37%。故选D项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是什么原因呢? A. emerge出现；B. blame 责备，把……归咎于；C. escape逃跑；D. rescue援救。根据语境和前文“the men who improved their lifestyles had a 37 percent higher chance of death rate”以及后文“Working too hard, not sleeping enough and not taking enough vacation.”可知，工作太辛苦，睡眠不足，假期不够，这些是改善了生活方式的男性的死亡率要高出37%的原因，由此推知，此处是指这是什么原因呢?故选B项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这项新研究虽然引人注目，但不太可能影响大多数美国人的度假习惯。A. dramatic引人注目的；B. ideal理想的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. delicate精致的。根据语境和前文“At the study’s 15-year check-in, Strandberg found that if their vacations 　　10　　, the men who improved their lifestyles had a 37 percent higher chance of death rate. What is to 　　11　　? Working too hard, not sleeping enough and not taking enough vacation.”可知，工作太辛苦，睡眠不足，假期不够，这些是改善了生活方式的男性的死亡率要高出37%的原因，由此推知，这项新研究的结果是引人注目的。故选A项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使他们有时间，许多员工也觉得他们负担不起度假的费用。A. exclude排除；B. afford买得起，负担得起；C. involve使卷入；D. stretch延伸。根据语境和前文“Even if they do have the time, many workers feel they can’t”以及后文“it”可知，此处是指即使他们有时间，许多员工也觉得他们负担不起度假的费用。故选B项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国人推迟了度假，因为他们觉得有太多的工作要做，有太多的家庭责任。A. operations运营；运作；B. versions版本；C. obligations义务，责任；D. generations世代。根据常识和前文“Americans have put off vacation because they feel they have too much work to do and too many family”可知，此处是指美国人推迟了度假，因为他们觉得有太多的工作要做，有太多的家庭责任。故选C项。 15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：鉴于专家们发现度假可以帮助你在重返工作岗位时更有效率，也许是时候提出请几天假的请求了。A. over在上方；B. in在里头；C. down朝下，向下；D. off不工作，休息。根据语境和前文“Given that experts find that vacation can help you be more productive when you return to work, maybe it’s time to put forward the request for a few days”可知，此处是指鉴于专家们发现度假可以帮助你在重返工作岗位时更有效率，也许是时候提出请几天假的请求了。故选D项。 (23-24高一下·上海浦东东昌中学·期末) Once upon a time there lived in Germany two brothers who loved a good story — one with magic and danger, royalty and villains (恶棍). At school they met a wise man who led them to a treasure — a library of old books with tales more fascinating than any they had ever heard. 1 , the brothers began collecting their own stories, listening to the folktales people told them. Soon they 2 their own treasure — a book of fairy tales that would charm millions in faraway lands for generations to come. The brothers Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm, named their story collection Children’s and Household Tales and published it in Germany in 1812. The collection which has been translated into more than 160 languages up to now is a publishing 3 . The stories and their characters have appeared in theatre, opera, comic books, movies, paintings, rock music, advertising and even fashion. Such 4 would have shocked the modest Grimms. During their lifetimes the book sold few copies in Germany. The early editions were not even 5 children. They had no illustrations, and scholarly footnotes took up almost as much space as the tales themselves. Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm viewed themselves as 6 students of folklore. They began their work at a time when Germany had been occupied by the French under Napoleon. As young scholars, the brothers Grimm began to work on the fairy tale collection in order to save the endangered oral storytelling tradition of Germany. Long before the Grimms’ time, 7 developed in inns, barns, and peasant homes. During winter nights, as they sat spinning wood, women kept each other company and entertained each other with tales of adventure, romance and magic. 8 , 40 such storytellers delivered tales to the Grimms, many of them coming to their house in Kassel. Although the brothers implied that they were just 9 the tales, Wilhelm polished and reshaped the stories up to the final edition of 1857. In an effort to make them more 10 to children and their parents, he stressed the moral of each tale and emphasized gender roles. According to the Grimms, the collection served as “a manual of 11 .” To this day, parents read them to their children because they approve of the lessons in the stories: keep your promises, don’t talk to strangers, work hard, obey your parents. So what 12 their popularity? Some have suggested that it is because the characters are always striving for happiness. But the truth probably lies in their 13 . The Grimms’ tales were born out of a storytelling tradition without 14 of age or culture. The brothers’ skill was to translate these into a universal style of writing that seems to mirror whatever moods or interests we bring to our 15 of them. And so it was that the Grimms’ fairy tales lived happily ever after. 1．A．Inspired B．Disappointed C．Discouraged D．Relieved 2．A．estimated B．produced C．sacrificed D．stocked 3．A．medium B．partnership C．finding D．wonder 4．A．quality B．wealth C．fame D．benefit 5．A．marked as B．robbed of C．aimed at D．prevented from 6．A．intelligent B．hardworking C．peculiar D．patriotic 7．A．collection B．storytelling C．entertainment D．meeting 8．A．Besides B．Altogether C．However D．Similarly 9．A．creating B．developing C．reviewing D．recording 10．A．accustomed B．acceptable C．cruel D．compared 11．A．manners B．parentship C．publishing D．adaptation 12．A．results from B．depends on C．accounts for D．responds to 13．A．appeal B．flexibility C．availability D．origin 14．A．boundaries B．influences C．indications D．distributions 15．A．writing B．sharing C．reading D．beginning 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．C 6．D 7．B 8．B 9．D 10．B 11．A 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了格林兄弟如何收集、编纂并最终出版《格林童话》的过程，以及这本书对后世的影响和重要性。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：受到启发，兄弟俩开始收集自己的故事，听人们讲给他们听的民间故事。A. Inspired受到启发；B. Disappointed使失望；C. Discouraged使泄气；D. Relieved使缓解。根据语境和前文“At school they met a wise man who led them to a treasure — a library of old books with tales more fascinating than any they had ever heard.”可知，在学校里，他们遇到了一位智者，他把他们带到了一个宝藏——一个装满古书的图书馆，里面的故事比他们听过的任何故事都要有趣。受到这位智者的启发，兄弟俩开始收集自己的故事。故选A项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，他们创造了自己的宝藏——一本童话故事书，将世世代代吸引着遥远国度的数百万人。A. estimated估计；B. produced制作；C. sacrificed牺牲；D. stocked存有。根据语境和后文“their own treasure — a book of fairy tales”可知，兄弟俩创造了自己的宝藏，即一本童话故事书。故选B项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这本书至今已被翻译成160多种语言，堪称出版界的奇迹。A. medium媒体；B. partnership合作关系；C. finding发现；D. wonder奇迹。根据语境和前文“The collection which has been translated into more than 160 languages up to now”可知，这本书被翻译成160多种语言，这是出版界的奇迹。故选D项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这样的名声会让谦虚的格林兄弟感到震惊。A. quality质量；B. wealth财富；C. fame名声；D. benefit益处。根据语境和前文“The collection which has been translated into more than 160 languages up to now is a publishing 　　3　　.”可知，这本书被翻译成160多种语言，堪称出版界的奇迹，这种名声让格林兄弟感到震惊。故选C项。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：早期的版本甚至不是针对儿童的。A. marked as标记为；B. robbed of抢夺；C. aimed at针对；D. prevented from阻止。根据语境和后文“They had no illustrations, and scholarly footnotes took up almost as much space as the tales themselves.”可知，书中没有插图，学术性的脚注占据了几乎和故事本身一样多的篇幅，由此可见，早期的版本并不是针对儿童的。故选C项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：雅各布·格林和威廉·格林自认为是爱国的民俗学学生。A. intelligent聪明的；B. hardworking努力的；C. peculiar奇怪的；D. patriotic爱国的。根据语境和后文“As young scholars, the brothers Grimm began to work on the fairy tale collection in order to save the endangered oral storytelling tradition of Germany.”可知，作为年轻的学者，格林兄弟为了拯救德国濒临灭绝的口头讲故事的传统，就开始着手编写童话故事集。由此推知，他们是爱国的。故选D项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：早在格林时代之前，讲故事就在小旅馆、谷仓和农民家里发展起来了。A. collection收藏品；B. storytelling讲故事；C. entertainment娱乐；D. meeting会议。根据语境和后文“During winter nights, as they sat spinning wood, women kept each other company and entertained each other with tales of adventure, romance and magic.”可知，在冬天的夜晚，当他们坐着纺柴时，女人们彼此作伴，用冒险、浪漫和魔法的故事来娱乐彼此。由此推知，早在格林时代之前，讲故事就发展起来了。故选B项。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：总共有40个这样的讲故事的人给格林兄弟讲故事，其中许多人去了他们在卡塞尔的家。A. Besides另外；B. Altogether总共；C. However然而；D. Similarly类似地。根据语境和后文“40 such storytellers delivered tales to the Grimms”可知，总共有40个这样的讲故事的人给格林夫妇讲故事。故选B项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然两兄弟暗示他们只是在记录这些故事，但威廉对这些故事进行了润色和修改，直到1857年的最终版本。A. creating创造；B. developing发展；C. reviewing回顾；D. recording记录。根据语境和前文“the brothers began collecting their own stories, listening to the folktales people told them”可知，兄弟俩开始收集自己的故事，听人们讲给他们听的民间故事。由此推知，两兄弟暗示他们只是在记录这些故事。故选D项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了让孩子和父母更容易接受这些故事，他强调了每个故事的寓意，并强调了性别角色。A. accustomed习惯的；B. acceptable可接受的；C. cruel残酷的；D. compared比较的。根据语境和前文“They had no illustrations, and scholarly footnotes took up almost as much space as the tales themselves.”可知，书中没有插图，学术性的脚注占据了几乎和故事本身一样多的篇幅，由此推知，为了让孩子和父母更容易接受这些故事，他强调了每个故事的寓意，并强调了性别角色。故选B项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：按照格林兄弟的说法，这本书是一本“礼仪手册”。A. manners礼仪；B. parentship为人父母；C. publishing出版；D. adaptation适应。根据语境和后文“To this day, parents read them to their children because they approve of the lessons in the stories: keep your promises, don’t talk to strangers, work hard, obey your parents.”可知，直到今天，父母还会把这些书读给孩子听，因为他们认同故事中的教训：遵守诺言，不要和陌生人说话，努力工作，听父母的话。由此推知，两兄弟说这个故事集是教给了孩子们礼仪，起到了“礼仪手册”的作用。故选A项。 12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：那么是什么导致了它们的流行呢？A. results from由……引起；B. depends on依靠；C. accounts for导致；D. responds to回应。根据语境和后文“Some have suggested that it is because the characters are always striving for happiness.”可知，有些人认为这是因为人物总是在为幸福而奋斗。由此推知，此处是问到底是什么导致了这些故事的流行。故选C项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但真相可能在于它们的起源。A. appeal呼吁；B. flexibility灵活性；C. availability可用性；D. origin起源。根据语境和后文“The Grimms’ tales were born out of a storytelling tradition”可知，格林兄弟的故事诞生于一个讲故事的传统，因此这些故事流行的原因在于它们的起源。故选D项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：《格林童话》诞生于一种讲故事的传统，没有年龄和文化的界限。A. boundaries界限；B. influences影响；C. indications迹象；D. distributions分布。根据语境和后文“The brothers’ skill was to translate these into a universal style of writing”可知，兄弟俩的技巧是把这些翻译成一种通用的写作风格，因此《格林童话》是没有年龄和文化的界限的。故选A项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：兄弟俩的技巧是把这些翻译成一种普遍的写作风格，似乎反映了我们在阅读它们时所带来的任何情绪或兴趣。A. writing写；B. sharing分享；C. reading读；D. beginning开始。根据常识和后文“of them”可知，我们阅读《格林童话》里的故事。故选C项。 (23-24高一下·上海华一附中·期末) AI can transform education for the better As students return to classrooms for the new year, it is striking to reflect on how little education has changed in recent decades. The sector remains a digital laggard (落后者). American schools and universities spend 2% and 5% of their budgets, 1 , on technology, compared with 8% for the average American company. When the pandemic forced schools and universities to shut down, the moment for a digital 2 seemed close when the market value of online tutoring providers like Chegg and Byju’s both increased. However, once covid was brought under control, classes continued much as before. If the pandemic couldn’t overcome the education sector’s 3 to digital interruption, can artificial intelligence? ChatGPT-like generative AI, which can converse cleverly on varieties of subjects, certainly 4 . So much so that educationalists began to 5 that students would use it to cheat on essays and homework. Increasingly, however, it is generating excitement as a means to provide 6 tutoring to various students and speed up boring tasks such as marking. Learners, for their part, are 7 the technology. Two-fifths of undergraduates reported using an AI chatbot to help them with their studies. Indeed, the technology’s popularity has raised awkward questions for companies like Chegg, which was losing customers 8 ChatGPT. Yet there are good reasons to believe that education specialists like Chegg who employ AI will eventually 9 generalists such as OpenAI, the maker of ChatGPT. For one, AI chatbots often talk nonsense, an unhelpful trait in an educational context. “Students want content from 10 providers,” argues Kate Edwards, chief pedagogist at Pearson, a textbook publisher. The company has not allowed ChatGPT and other AIs to 11 its material, but has instead used the content to train its own models, which it is embedding into its set of learning apps. 12 , as Chegg’s Mr Rosensweig argues, teaching is not merely about giving students an answer, but about presenting it in a way that helps them learn. Understanding pedagogy (教学法) thus gives education specialists an 13 . Pearson has designed its AI tools to 14 students by breaking complex topics down, testing their understanding and providing quick feedback, says Ms Edwards. Byju’s is incorporating “forgetting curves” for students into the design of its AI tutoring tools, refreshing their memories at personalized 15 . Bringing AI to education will not be easy, but once answers on how to make use of this technology become clearer, such a development will certainly deserve top marks. 1．A．respectively B．appropriately C．totally D．ultimately 2．A．divide B．reverse C．boom D．withdrawal 3．A．tendency B．resistance C．attention D．anxiety 4．A．serve the purpose B．break the ice C．take the initiative D．do some good 5．A．maintain B．panic C．doubt D．wonder 6．A．personalized B．individualistic C．characteristic D．attentive 7．A．attempting B．declining C．opposing D．embracing 8．A．for B．under C．to D．in 9．A．detect B．transform C．overtake D．enhance 10．A．comprehensive B．advanced C．distinguished D．trusted 11．A．give away B．take in C．bring about D．hold up 12．A．By contrast B．Despite this C．What’s more D．As a result 13．A．applause B．edge C．hesitation D．improvement 14．A．convince B．engage C．capture D．challenge 15．A．intervals B．cost C．mercy D．best 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．C 9．C 10．D 11．B 12．C 13．B 14．B 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能在教育领域的应用和发展前景。 1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：美国的学校和大学分别将预算的2%和5%用于技术，而美国公司的平均水平为8%。A. respectively分别地；B. appropriately适当地；C. totally完全地；D. ultimately最终地。根据“American schools and universities spend 2% and 5% of their budgets”可知，此处是指学校和大学分别的预算。故选A。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当疫情迫使学校和大学关闭时，在线辅导提供商Chegg和Byju等的市值都有所增加，数字化繁荣的时刻似乎已经来临。A. divide分歧；B. reverse反转；C. boom繁荣；D. withdrawal撤退。根据“the market value of online tutoring providers like Chegg and Byju’s both increased”可知，在线辅导的市值增加，这说明在线辅导繁荣发展。故选C。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果疫情无法克服教育部门对数字中断的抵制，人工智能能吗？A. tendency趋势；B. resistance抵制；C. attention注意力；D. anxiety焦虑。根据上文“If the pandemic couldn’t overcome the education sector’s ”可知，疫情无法克服教育部门对数字中断的抵制。故选B。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：像ChatGPT这样可以在各种主题上进行聪明对话的生成式人工智能当然可以。A. serve the purpose达到目的；B. break the ice打破僵局；C. take the initiative采取主动；D. do some good做一些好事。根据“So much so that educationalists began to… that students would use it to cheat on essays and homework.”可知，生成式人工智能可以在各种主题上进行聪明对话，可推理出此处是指生成式人工智能可以达到目的。故选A。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：以至于教育家们开始担心学生们会用它来在论文和作业上作弊。A. maintain维护；B. panic恐慌；C. doubt怀疑；D. wonder想知道。根据“that students would use it to cheat on essays and homework”可知，学生们会用ChatGPT来在论文和作业上作弊，这是指教育家们所担心的。故选B。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，它作为一种为各种学生提供个性化辅导并加快评分等枯燥任务的手段，正越来越令人兴奋。A. personalized个性化的；B. individualistic个人主义的；C. characteristic独特的；D. attentive注意的。根据上文“it is generating excitement as a means to provide”可知，它为各种学生提供个性化辅导。故选A。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就学习者而言，他们正在接受这项技术。A. attempting尝试；B. declining下降；C. opposing反对；D. embracing拥抱。根据“Two-fifths of undergraduates reported using an AI chatbot to help them with their studies.”可知，五分之二的本科生报告称他们使用人工智能聊天机器人来帮助他们学习，这说明学习者正在接受这项技术。故选D。 8．考查介词词义辨析。句意：事实上，该技术的普及给Chegg等公司带来了尴尬的问题，Chegg正在失去客户，客户都流向了ChatGPT。A. for因为；B. under在……下面；C. to向；D. in在……里面。根据上文“which was losing customers”以及下文“ChatGPT”可知，Chegg的客户都流向了ChatGPT。故选C。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，有充分的理由相信，像Chegg这样使用人工智能的教育专家最终将超越OpenAI等通用人工智能，OpenAI是ChatGPT 的制造商。A. detect察觉；B. transform改变；C. overtake超越；D. enhance增强。根据“generalists such as OpenAI, the maker of ChatGPT”和however可知，前后是转折关系，上文提到Chegg面临尴尬的问题，即其客户都流向ChatGPT，下文和上文是转折相反关系，应是指像Chegg这样使用人工智能的教育专家的好的一面，即它们将超越通用人工智能。故选C。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：学生希望从值得信赖的供应商那里获得内容。A. comprehensive综合的；B. advanced先进的；C. distinguished卓越的；D. trusted可信的。根据上文“For one, AI chatbots often talk nonsense, an unhelpful trait in an educational context.”以及下文“Providers”可知，人工智能聊天机器人经常胡言乱语，这在教育环境中是无益的，由此可推知，学生希望从值得信赖的供应商那里获得内容。故选D。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：该公司并未允许ChatGPT和其他人工智能系统使用其材料，而是利用这些内容来训练自己的模型，并将其嵌入到自己的学习应用程序套件中。A. give away赠送；B. take in接受；C. bring about引起；D. hold up举起。根据下文“but has instead used the content to train its own models, which it is embedding into its set of learning apps.”中的but可知，前后是转折关系，该公司是利用这些内容来训练自己的模型，并将其嵌入到自己的学习应用程序，而非允许ChatGPT使用其材料。故选B。 12．考查固定短语辨析。句意：此外，正如Chegg的罗森茨威格先生所说，教学不仅仅是给学生一个答案，而是以一种帮助他们学习的方式呈现答案。A. By contrast相比之下；B. Despite this尽管如此；C. What’s more此外；D. As a result结果。根据“as Chegg’s Mr Rosensweig argues, teaching is not merely about giving students an answer, but about presenting it in a way that helps them learn.”可知，下文表示对前面所述内容的补充或强调。故选C。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，了解教学法为教育专家提供了优势。A. applause掌声；B. edge优势；C. hesitation犹豫；D. improvement改进。根据“Pearson has designed its AI tools to … students by breaking complex topics down, testing their understanding and providing quick feedback, says Ms Edwards.”可知，了解教学法为教育专家提供了优势。故选B。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：爱德华兹女士说，培生公司设计了人工智能工具，通过分解复杂的话题、测试学生的理解能力并提供快速反馈来吸引学生。A. convince使信服；B. engage吸引；C. capture捕捉；D. challenge挑战。根据上文“Pearson has designed its AI tools to ”可知，培生公司设计了人工智能工具是为了吸引学生。故选B。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Byju正在将针对学生的“遗忘曲线”纳入其人工智能辅导工具的设计中，以个性化的时间间隔刷新他们的记忆。A. intervals间隔；B. cost花费；C. mercy仁慈；D. best最好的事物（人）。根据 “Byju’s is incorporating “forgetting curves” for students into the design of its AI tutoring tools, refreshing their memories at personalized”可知，将针对学生的“遗忘曲线”纳入其人工智能辅导工具的设计中，这样能以个性化的时间间隔刷新学生的记忆。故选A。 (22-23高一下·上海交大附中·期末) The Book of the Millennium When I was a graduate student in Oxford many years ago, I shared a house with a brilliant German sinologist (汉学家). Many visitors would pop into our house, and one night around the kitchen table I met a(n) 1 character. His name was David Hawkes. A(n) 2 linguist, he directed Japanese codebreakers in his early twenties, during World War II. Later, as a teacher, he did wonderful translation of Songs of the South (楚辞), part of a poetic tradition earlier than anything that has 3 in the West. Then he became a professor of Chinese at Oxford, but, as he put it, “I resigned in order to 4 my time to translating a Chinese novel…Well, the Chinese novel.” The book was Dream of the Red Chamber, written by Cao Xueqin. British 5 Anthony West wrote in The New Yorkerin 1958 that the novel is to Chinese literature “very much what The Brothers Karamazov is to Russian and Remembrance of Things Past is to French literature” and that “it is 6 one of the great novels of all literature.” Hawkes eventually completed his great endeavor, with the help of his son-in-law John Minford, who 7 the last two volumes of the five, which were published by Penguin between 1973 and 1986. Hawkes’ translation was 8 as an introduction to a “masterpiece”. Dream of the Red Chamber was written in the 1750s “by a great artist with his very lifeblood,” said Hawkes. It is full of 9 detail of the social, cultural and spiritual life of the time. Studying it for non-Chinese readers has never perhaps been more useful. At a time when 10 of Chinese culture and identity is increasingly necessary because of the country’s new international role, getting insights into the heart of Chinese culture through a novel 11 recognized as one of the most influential produced in the Chinese language would seem as uncontroversial statement. Cao’s work while seen as essentially local and Chinese, is about 12 and the nature of human experience. That transcends the 13 of a particular language and context in which the novel is set. The book as it stands in the Penguin version runs to 2500 pages — twice as long as War and Peace. 14 at first because of the large number of characters and their difficult names (to a non-Chinese reader). But once you are into it, it is a book into which the reader can completely 15 themselves; it is like anything else in all of literature. 1．A．arrogant B．fascinating C．humorous D．responsible 2．A．decisive B．frustrated C．generous D．talented 3．A．copied B．launched C．revised D．survived 4．A．addict B．devote C．expose D．reduce 5．A．critic B．critical C．criticism D．criticize 6．A．beyond question B．in doubt C．in question D．out of the question 7．A．gathered B．bought C．sold D．translated 8．A．approved B．appointed C．elected D．greeted 9．A．boring B．fake C．imaginary D．incredible 10．A．appreciation B．definition C．determination D．opposition 11．A．barely B．critically C．specially D．universally 12．A．humanity B．modernity C．personality D．sincerity 13．A．boundaries B．circles C．perspectives D．spaces 14．A．Never-ending B．Hard-going C．Labor-saving D．Record-breaking 15．A．change B．immerse C．persuade D．reduce 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．D 4．B 5．A 6．A 7．D 8．D 9．D 10．A 11．D 12．A 13．A 14．B 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了David Hawkes和其女婿共同翻译了中国古典小说——《红楼梦》，并介绍了阅读该小说的意义等。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多客人会突然来到我们家，有一天晚上，在厨房的桌子旁，我遇到了一个迷人的人物。A. arrogant傲慢的；B. fascinating迷人的；C. humorous幽默的；D. responsible负责任的。根据下文描述可知，这位客人才华横溢，非常有吸引力。故选B。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一名极有天赋的语言学家，他在二战期间20岁出头的时候指导了日本密码的破译工作。A. decisive决定性的；B. frustrated沮丧的；C. generous慷慨的；D. talented有天赋的。根据下文“he directed Japanese codebreakers in his early twenties, during World War II.”可知，David Hawkes帮助破译密码，由此可知，David Hawkes是个很有天赋的语言学家。故选D。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，作为一名教师，他翻译了《楚辞》，这是西方诗歌传统的一部分，比任何幸存下来的东西都要早。A. copied复制；B. launched发射；C. revised校订；D. survived幸存。根据空前的“earlier”可知，这里指的是比西方传统的诗歌都要早，而这些诗歌则是从过去幸存下来的。故选D。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，他成为牛津大学的中文教授，但正如他所说，“我辞职是为了把时间花在翻译一部中国小说上……嗯，是中国小说。”A. addict使……上瘾；B. devote致力；C. expose揭露；D. reduce减少。根据句意可知，本句指的是David Hawkes辞职的目的是为了翻译一部中国小说。短语：devote…to doing sth.，意为“投入……做某事”。故选B。 5．考查词性辨析辨析。句意：英国评论家Anthony West于1958年在《纽约时报》上写道，这部小说之于中国文学，“就像《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》之于俄罗斯文学，《追忆似水年华》之于法国文学”，“毫无疑问，它是所有文学作品中最伟大的小说之一”。A. critic评论家；B. critical批评的；C. criticism批评；D. criticize批评。根据下文“Anthony West”可知，这里指的是一个评论家。故选A。 6．考查短语词义辨析。句意：英国评论家Anthony West于1958年在《纽约时报》上写道，这部小说之于中国文学，“就像《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》之于俄罗斯文学，《追忆似水年华》之于法国文学”，“毫无疑问，它是所有文学作品中最伟大的小说之一”。A. beyond question毫无疑问；B. in doubt怀疑；C. in question正在考虑中；D. out of the question不可能。根据上文“the novel is to Chinese literature “very much what The Brothers Karamazov is to Russian and Remembrance of Things Past is to French literature”可知，他认为这部小说是非常伟大的小说。故选A。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终在他的女婿John Minford的帮助下，Hawkes完成了他的伟大努力，并于1973年至1986年由企鹅出版社出版，他的女婿翻译了五卷中的最后两卷。A. gathered聚集；B. bought买；C. sold卖；D. translated翻译。根据上文可知，Hawkes辞职是为了完成《红楼梦》的翻译。由此判断，他的女婿翻译了最后两卷。故选D。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Hawkes的翻译被视为一部“杰作”的开端。A. approved同意；B. appointed委派；C. elected选举；D. greeted问候。根据上文可知，Hawkes认为《红楼梦》的艺术价值极高，而他的翻译也被视作是这部小说进入西方文化的开端。考查短语：be greeted as，意为“被视作……”。故选D。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它充满了当时社会、文化和精神生活的令人难以置信的细节。A. boring无聊的；B. fake假的；C. imaginary想象中的；D. incredible难以置信的。根据上文“Dream of the Red Chamber was written in the 1750s “by a great artist with his very lifeblood,” said Hawkes.”可知，Hawkes认为作者曹雪芹是一位伟大的艺术家，这部小说倾注了作者毕生的心血，由此判断，书中的细节都真实地令人难以置信。故选D。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于中国新的国际角色，对中国文化和身份的了解越来越有必要，通过一部被普遍认为最具影响力的中文小说之一，深入了解中国文化的核心，似乎是一个无可争议的声明。A. appreciation了解；B. definition下定义；C. determination决心；D. opposition反对。根据下文“because of the country’s new international role”可推断，中国在国际上的地位正在上升，所以对中国文化和身份的了解非常有必要。故选A。 11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：由于中国新的国际角色，对中国文化和身份的欣赏越来越有必要，通过一部被普遍认为最具影响力的中文小说之一，深入了解中国文化的核心，似乎是一个无可争议的声明。A. barely几乎不；B. critically批评性地；C. specially尤其；D. universally普遍地。根据常理推测，《红楼梦》被人们普遍认为是最具影响力的中文小说。故选D。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：曹雪芹的作品虽然被认为本质上是本地的和中国的，但却是关于人性和人类经验的本质。A. humanity人性；B. modernity现代化；C. personality个性；D. sincerity真诚。根据空后“the nature of human experience”可知，空处内容与之相似，指的是关于人类经验的本质，根据《红楼梦》的内容可知，该小说还讲述了人性。故选A。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这超越了小说所处的特定语言和语境的界限。A. boundaries边界；B. circles圆圈；C. perspectives看法；D. spaces空间。根据空前的“transcend”以及空后“a particular language and context in which the novel is set.”可知，本句指的是超越了小说所处的语言和语境的界限。故选A。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一开始很难，因为大量的人物和他们的名字很难(对非中文读者)。A. Never-ending不停的；B. Hard-going难以进行；C. Labor-saving省工的；D. Record-breaking破纪录的。根据空后“because of the large number of characters and their difficult names (to a non-Chinese reader).”可知，由于《红楼梦》中大量人物和其名字，所以非中文读者一开始阅读的时候会有点困难。故选B。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，一旦你进入其中，这是一本读者可以完全沉浸其中的书；它就像所有文学作品中的其他作品一样。A. change改变；B. immerse使沉浸（于）；C. persuade劝服；D. reduce减少。根据上文“once you are into it”可知，此处指的是读者沉浸在书本之中。故选B。 (23-24高一下·上海建平中学·期末) Deepfake Are Deeply Troubling A recent video on the internet has Coco Lee, who died last year, talking to her fans and saying, “From the moment I left this world, I can always feel your endless love and support.” The video looked 1 , but it was a “deepfake” created by AI. AI has 2 to the point where it has become difficult to distinguish what is real from what isn’t. These types of deepfakes are now all over the internet where we see people, usually celebrities and politicians, saying things which they didn’t really say. One “deepfake” has Taylor Swift 3 a brand of cookware. Some “creative” person used AI to manipulate (操控) her image and 4 to make it appear that she were speaking for the product. But there is a more 5 trend in deepfakes that has become more prevalent (普遍的). As with the Coco Lee deepfake, there are people using AI to “resurrect (复活)” their lost loved ones and 6 them. In one recent high-profile case you’re probably aware of, the famous musician Bao Xiaobo used AI to “resurrect” his daughter, who died at the age of twenty-two. With the technology, he is able to talk to her and ask her questions. Though he knew it was fake, he didn’t 7 because he missed her very much. The 8 consequences of not “letting go” of a loved one can be serious. It may cause a person to live in a fantasy world instead of accepting the healthy and necessary process of grieving and 9 with his or her life. 10 , there is a legal aspect to AI deepfakes which has yet to be thoroughly considered. Can a dead person’s image be manipulated to say things which they didn’t say and wouldn’t have said if they were 11 ? Can a person’s image be copyrighted to prevent this from happening? These are some of the questions that 12 will have to consider, and courts will have to decide. In 1931, the British author Aldous Huxley wrote a novel called Brave New World, which was about a future 13 by technology. In many ways we are living in this “Brave New World” and are 14 our “humanity” with all its faults, virtues and limitations. I’m sorry that Coco Lee is gone, and I’m sorry that Tino Bao’s daughter is gone, but grieving is a part of life, and grief, as they say, is the 15 for love. 1．A．interesting B．affectionate C．joyful D．authentic 2．A．sweated B．certified C．progressed D．reacted 3．A．crafting B．promoting C．sampling D．releasing 4．A．identity B．weight C．mind D．voice 5．A．disturbing B．outstanding C．struggling D．entertaining 6．A．look after B．bring up C．interact with D．benefit from 7．A．regret B．admit C．participate D．care 8．A．ethical B．psychological C．imaginary D．financial 9．A．putting up B．coming down C．moving on D．ending up 10．A．Relatively B．Consequently C．Likely D．Additionally 11．A．conscious B．alive C．present D．mindful 12．A．scientists B．creators C．applicants D．lawmakers 13．A．threatened B．innovated C．inhabited D．dominated 14．A．bombarding B．modifying C．losing D．replacing 15．A．signal B．price C．mission D．foundation 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．C 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．D 11．B 12．D 13．D 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讨论了深度伪造（deepfake）技术的发展及其带来的问题，包括伦理、心理、法律等多个层面的影响。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：视频看起来像真的，但它是由人工智能创造的深度伪造。A. interesting有趣的；B. affectionate表示关爱的；C. joyful快乐的；D. authentic真实的。根据下文“but it was a “deepfake” created by AI”可知，这是AI制作的假视频，由表示转折的but可知，上文中视频看起来像是真的，故选D项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人工智能已经进步到了很难区分真假的地步。A. sweated出汗；B. certified认证；C. progressed进步；D. reacted反应。根据下文“has become difficult to distinguish what is real from what isn’t”可知，现在人们已经很难分辨AI的真假了，这说明AI技术取得了很大进步，故选C项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一个深度伪造视频显示泰勒·斯威夫特正在推广一个炊具品牌。A. crafting制作；B. promoting推广；C. sampling品尝；D. releasing释放。根据下文“make it appear that she were speaking for the product”可知，让名人为自己的产品发声，这是在推广产品，故选B项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些创意人士使用人工智能操纵她的形象和声音，使她看起来像是在为该产品发言。A. identity身份；B. weight重量；C. mind思想；D. voice声音。根据上文“saying things which they didn’t really say”可知，这是操纵她的声音，故选D项。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是深度伪造中有一个更令人不安的趋势，这种趋势变得越来越普遍。A. disturbing令人不安的；B. outstanding杰出的；C. struggling挣扎的；D. entertaining娱乐的。根据下文“resurrect their lost loved ones”和上下文对深度伪造的负面描述，AI可以使用死去的人的形象，可知趋势是令人不安的，故选A项。 6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：就像李玟的深度伪造一样，有人使用人工智能复活他们失去的亲人并与他们互动。A. look after照顾；B. bring up提出；C. interact with与……互动；D. benefit from从……获益。根据下文“With the technology, he is able to talk to her and ask her questions.”可知，此处指与人工智能复活的亲人互动。故选C项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管他知道这是假的，但他并不在意，因为他非常想念她。A. regret后悔；B. admit承认；C. participate参与；D. care关心，在意。根据上下文“Though he knew it was fake”和“he missed her very much”可知，尽管他知道这是假的，但是他非常想念女儿，这让他不介意这是假的。故选D项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不放手亲人的心理后果可能很严重。A. ethical道德的；B. psychological心理的；C. imaginary想象的；D. financial财政的，金融的。根据下文“instead of accepting the healthy and necessary process of grieving”可知，人们会沉溺于虚幻的世界，而不是接受健康的心理疗愈过程，这是心理问题，故选B项。 9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这可能导致一个人生活在幻想世界中，而不是接受健康和必要的悲伤过程，并继续他或她的生活。A. putting up举起；B. coming down崩塌，降落；C. moving on前进；D. ending up结束。根据上下文“instead of accepting the healthy and necessary process of grieving”可知，作者认为这会导致人们生活在幻想世界，而不是接受健康和必要的悲伤过程，然后继续自己的生活，故选C项。 10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，人工智能深度伪造还有一个法律层面，这个层面尚未得到充分考虑。A. Relatively相对地；B. Consequently因此；C. Likely可能地；D. Additionally此外。根据上文“ The ___8___ consequences of not “letting go” of a loved one can be serious.”以及空后“there is a legal aspect”提出的法律问题，可知是进一步补充说明深度伪造的问题，故选D项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个已故人士的形象可以被操纵说出他们从未说过的以及如果他们活着也不会说的话吗？A. conscious有意识的；B. alive活着的；C. present在场的；D. mindful留意的。根据上下文“Can a dead person’s image be manipulated”以及“if they were”可知，这个句子使用了虚拟语气，表示假如他们活着。故选B项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些都是立法者必须考虑的问题，法院将必须做出决定。A. scientists科学家；B. creators创造者；C. applicants申请人；D. lawmakers立法者。根据上文“there is a legal aspect to AI deepfakes”以及下文“courts will have to decide”可知，此处指这是立法者需要考虑的问题。故选D项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1931年，英国作家奥尔德斯·赫胥黎写了一本名为《美丽新世界》的小说，这是关于一个由技术支配的未来世界。A. threatened威胁；B. innovated创新；C. inhabited居住；D. dominated支配。根据上文所讲述的人工智能技术以及下文“by technology”可知，此处指被技术支配的未来世界。故选D项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在很多方面，我们正生活在这个美丽新世界中，并且正在失去我们的人性，包括它的所有缺点、美德和局限性。A. bombarding轰炸；B. modifying修改；C. losing失去；D. replacing取代。根据上下文“our humanity with all its faults, virtues and limitations”可知，科技是没有人性的，也没有感情，作者认为科技主导的世界是在失去人性，故选C项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很遗憾李玟已经走了，我很遗憾包小柏的女儿已经走了，但悲伤是生活的一部分，正如他们所说，悲伤是爱的代价。A. signal信号；B. price代价；C. mission使命；D. foundation基础。根据上下文“but grieving is a part of life”以及常识可知，悲伤是生命的一部分，是每个人都会经历的事情，因为爱，失去后才会悲伤，这说明悲伤是爱的某种结果或代价，故选B项。 (23-24高一下·上海复旦附中·期末) In Dad’s Army, a British sitcom(情景喜剧) about a home-defense Force, Sergeant (中士) Wilson would often  cast doubt on his commander’s various orders with the phrase “Do you think that’s wise, sir?” His doubt, although  often ignored, was usually 1 . Many employees must be tempted to imitate Sgt. Wilson when they see their bosses headed down the wrong track. But caution often leads workers to keep silent for fear of appearing foolish and offensive and 2 being at high risk of losing their jobs. A culture of silence can be dangerous, argues a new book The Fearless Organization, by Amy Edmondson, a professor at Harvard Business School. Some of her cases are from the 3 industry, where staff felt too powerless to make any changes due to their ranks. One was its deadliest accident: a crash between two Boeing-747s in the Canary Islands occurred in 1977 when a co-pilot felt unable to 4 his captain into changing the decision to take off. Another case was that of the Columbia space shuttle in 2003; an engineer who may have diagnosed damage to the shuttle’s wing before the flight felt unable to speak as he was “too 5 ” at NASA． In a corporate culture based on 6 and obedience, it may appear that targets are being achieved. But in the long run the effect is likely to be counterproductive (适得其反的). Studies show that fear 7 learning. And when faced with a problem, scared workers find ways of 8 it or getting around it with inefficient practices. The solution is to create an atmosphere of “psychological safety” whereby workers can speak their minds. It does not mean that workers, or their ideas, are 9 criticism, or that they should complain continuously. In a sense, this method is the 10 of Toyota’s “lean manufacturing” process, which allows any worker who spots a problem to stop the production line. Pixar, the production firm, created what it called a “Braintrust” to give 11 to film directors. The rules were that advice should be constructive and about the idea, not the person, and that filmmakers should not be 12 in response. And psychological safety is not about whistleblowing (检举). Indeed, if an employee feels the need to act as a whistleblower by speaking to external 13 , it suggests employers have not created an environment within the firm where criticism can be 14 . Nor is such a culture only about safety or avoiding mistakes. As mundane (单调的) tasks are automated, and workers rely on computers for data analysis, the added value of humans will stem from their 15 . But as Ms. Edmondson’s book demonstrates, it is hard to be either constructive or creative if you are not confident about speaking out. 1．A．justifiable B．pointless C．inevitable D．ridiculous 2．A．on the whole B．in conclusion C．as a result D．on the contrary 3．A．airline B．manufacturing C．service D．advertising 4．A．weigh B．reason C．applaud D．channel 5．A．offensive B．ambitious C．aggressive D．humble 6．A．imitation B．fear C．efficiency D．competition 7．A．motivates B．facilitates C．maintains D．prevents 8．A．spoiling B．polishing C．masking D．exploiting 9．A．subject to B．immune from C．concerned with D．dependent on 10．A．equivalent B．object C．argument D．criticism 11．A．priority B．motivation C．access D．feedback 12．A．optimistic B．objective C．defensive D．passive 13．A．authorities B．elements C．networks D．whistleblowers 14．A．rejected B．eliminated C．voiced D．questioned 15．A．competitiveness B．inventiveness C．carefulness D．selflessness 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．A 11．D 12．C 13．A 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章说明了谨慎往往导致员工保持沉默，因为害怕显得愚蠢和无礼，从而处于失去工作的高风险。文章通过两个航空行业的案例，说明了沉默的文化可能是危险的，指出一个以恐惧和服从为基础的企业文化从长远来看是不利于发展的。而解决办法是营造一种“心理安全”的氛围，让员工可以畅所欲言。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的怀疑，虽然经常被忽视，但通常是合理的。A. justifiable情有可原的，合理的；B. pointless无意义的；C. inevitable不可避免的；D. ridiculous可笑的。根据后文“Many employees must be tempted to imitate Sgt. Wilson when they see their bosses head down the wrong track.”可知，当许多雇员看到自己的老板走上了错误的道路时，他们一定忍不住要模仿威尔逊中士，故威尔逊中士的怀疑其实是合理的。故选A。 2．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：但谨慎往往导致员工保持沉默，因为害怕显得愚蠢和无礼，从而处于失去工作的高风险。A. on the whole基本上；B. in conclusion总之；C. as a result结果；D. on the contrary相反。结合上文“But caution often leads workers to keep silent for fear of appearing foolish and offensive and”可知，员工因为害怕显得愚蠢和无礼，导致结果自己失去工作，所以往往保持沉默。故选C。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的一些案例来自航空行业，那里的员工因为自己的级别而感到无力做出任何改变。A. airline航空公司；B. manufacturing制造；C. service服务；D. advertising广告。根据后文的案例“a crash between two Boeing-747s in the Canary Islands occurred in 1977”可知，两架波音747飞机坠毁，故此处指航空行业的案例。故选A。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：其中一个是最致命的事故：1977年，两架波音747飞机在加那利群岛坠毁，当时一名副驾驶觉得无法说服机长改变起飞决定。A. weigh权衡，认真考虑；B. reason说服，推理；C. applaud鼓掌；D. channel引导，输送。根据上文“staff felt too powerless to make any changes due to their ranks”和后文“his captain into changing the decision to take off”可知，员工因其级别而感到无力做出任何改变，所以副驾驶无法说服机长改变起飞决定。短语reason sb. into意为“以理劝说使之相信或使之做某事”。故选B。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一个例子是2003年的哥伦比亚号航天飞机；一位工程师可能在飞行前就已经诊断出飞机机翼的损伤，但由于他在NASA“太谦虚”，导致他没有发言权。A. offensive无礼的；B. ambitious有抱负的；C. aggressive好斗的；D. humble（级别或地位）低下的。根据上文“staff felt too powerless to make any changes due to their ranks”可知，员工因其级别低而感到无力做出任何改变，这名工程师感觉自己没有发言权，是因为在NASA地位低。故选D。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个以恐惧和服从为基础的企业文化中，目标似乎正在实现。A. imitation模仿；B. fear恐惧；C. efficiency效率；D. competition竞争。根据后文“Studies show that fear 　　7　　 learning.”可知，研究表明，恐惧会阻碍学习，故此处指以恐惧和服从为基础的企业文化。故选B。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究表明恐惧会阻碍学习。A. motivates促使；B. facilitates促进；C. maintains保持；D. prevents阻止，阻碍。根据后文“scared workers find ways of 　　8　　 it or getting around it with inefficient practices.”可知，恐惧的员工会掩盖事实，或者用低效的方法绕过问题，故可见恐惧会阻碍学习。故选D。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当面对一个问题时，受到惊吓的员工会想办法掩盖它，或者用低效的方法绕过它。A. spoiling损坏；B. polishing抛光；C. masking掩盖；D. exploiting开发。根据后文“or getting around it with inefficient practices”可知，面对问题，受到惊吓的员工会想办法掩盖它，或者用低效的方法绕过它。故选C。 9．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这并不意味着员工或他们的想法可以免受批评，或者他们应该不断抱怨。A. subject to受制于；B. immune from免受……的影响；C. concerned with关心；D. dependent on依赖。根据上文“The solution is to create an atmosphere of “psychological safety” whereby workers can speak their minds.”可知，这一方法是营造一种“心理安全”的氛围，让员工可以畅所欲言，但这不意味着员工或他们的想法可以免受批评，或者他们应该不断抱怨。故选B。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从某种意义上说，这种方法相当于丰田的“精益生产”流程，即任何发现问题的工人都可以停止生产线。A. equivalent对等；B. object物体；C. argument争论；D. criticism批评。根据后文“of Toyota’s “lean manufacturing” process, which allows any worker who spots a problem to stop the production line.”可知，此处是在把“心理安全”氛围等同于丰田的“精益生产”流程，即任何发现问题的工人都可以停止生产线。故选A。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：制作公司皮克斯创建了一个所谓的“智囊团”，为电影导演提供反馈。A. priority优先；B. motivation动机；C. access入口；D. feedback反馈。根据后文“The rules were that advice should be constructive and about the idea, not the person,”可知，其规则是建议应该有建设性，是关于想法，而不是关于人的，故“智囊团”主要是为导演提供反馈和建议的。故选D。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：规则是，建议应该是建设性的，是关于想法，而不是关于人的，电影制作人不应该做出生气的回应。A. optimistic乐观的；B. objective客观的；C. defensive生气的，防御的；D. passive被动的。根据上文“advice should be constructive and about the idea, not the person”可知，“智囊团”要对想法提供建设性建议，故电影制作人不能做出生气的回应。故选C。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，如果一名员工觉得有必要通过与外部权威对话来充当举报人，这表明雇主没有在公司内部创造一个可以表达批评意见的环境。A. authorities当局，权威；B. elements元素；C. networks网络；D. whistleblowers举报人。根据后文“it suggests employers have not created an environment within the firm”可知，因为雇主没有在公司内部创造一个可以表达批评意见的环境，所以员工才寻求外部权威的帮助，来充当举报人。故选A。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. rejected拒绝；B. eliminated消除；C. voiced表达；D. questioned质疑。根据上文“created an environment within the firm where criticism can be”可知，此处指在公司内部创造一个可以表达批评意见的环境。故选C。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着日常工作的自动化，以及工人依赖电脑进行数据分析，人类的附加值将源于他们的创造力。A. competitiveness竞争力；B. inventiveness创造性；C. carefulness仔细；D. selflessness无私。呼应后文“But as Ms. Edmondson’s book demonstrates, it is hard to be either constructive or creative if you are not confident about speaking out.”可知，很难让建议既有创造性又有建设性，故此处指人类需要提供创造力。故选B。 (23-24高一下·上海宝山区·期末) Perhaps no issue attracts more senior leadership attention than growth does, and for good reason. 1 in gains and profits is the standard by which we tend to measure the competitive fitness and health of companies. Analysts, investors, and boards are especially concerned about growth 2 to get insight into stock prices. 3 are attracted to faster-growing companies because they offer better opportunities for advancement and higher pay. Suppliers prefer faster-growing customers because working with them improves their own growth prospects. While sustained profitable growth is a nearly universal goal, it is a(n) 4 one for many companies. Many researches conducted on the long-term patterms of growth in U.S.corporations suggest that when inflation is 5 , most companies barely grow. 6 in an analysis of 10,897 publicly held U.S.companies from 1976 to 2019, researchers found that firms in the top quartile grew at an inflation-adjusted average of 11.8% per year, but those in the lower three quartiles experienced little or no growth (0.3%, 0.03%, and 0.5%, respectively). And the majority of firms in the top quartile were unable to 7 superior growth performance for more than a few years. Over the past two decades, I have tried to understand why some companies are effective at sustaining growth. I have found that while the usual explanations, such as market forces and technological changes do play a role, many companies’ growth problems are done by themselves. 8 , firms approach growth in a highly reactive, opportunistic manner. When market demand is booming, they throw resources at developing new capacity, and build out organizational infrastructure without thinking through the 9 — for example, whether their operating systems and processes can scale, how rapid growth might affect corporate culture and what would happen if demand slows. In the process of chasing growth, companies can easily destroy the things that made them 10 in the first place, such as their capacity for innovation, their great customer service, or their unique cultures. 1．A．Attention B．Leadership C．Growth D．Insight 2．A．requirements B．prospects C．struggles D．developments 3．A．Bosses B．Investors C．Employees D．Producers 4．A．difficult B．achievable C．inevitable D．easy 5．A．based on B．tracked down C．equipped with D．taken into account 6．A．For instance B．On the contrary C．As a result D．What’s more 7．A．improve B．sustain C．recognize D．decline 8．A．Respectively B．Ultimately C．Specifically D．Reasonably 9．A．benefits B．opportunities C．technologies D．implications 10．A．typical B．technical C．happy D．successful 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．D 10．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了经济增长对企业的优势，并分析了一些公司存在增长问题的原因。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：收益和利润的增长是我们衡量公司竞争力的标准。A. Attention注意；B. Leadership领导力；C. Growth增长；D. Insight洞察力。根据前文“Perhaps no issue attracts more senior leadership attention than growth does”及后文“in gains and profits”可知，收益和利润的增长是衡量公司竞争力的标准。故选C项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：分析师、投资者和董事会尤其关注增长前景，以了解股价。A. requirements要求；B. prospects前景；C. struggles奋斗；D. developments发展。根据前文“Analysts，investors，and boards”及后文“to get insight into stock prices”可知，分析师、投资者和董事会需要了解增长前景如何，才能预测股价。故选B项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：员工被快速发展的公司所吸引，因为他们提供更好的晋升机会和更高的薪水。A. Bosses老板；B. Investors投资者；C. Employees员工；D. Producers生产者。根据后文“because they offer better opportunities for advancement and higher pay”可知，更好的晋升机会和更高的薪水可以吸引就业者。故选C项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然持续的盈利增长几乎是一个普遍的目标，但对许多公司来说，这是一个困难的目标。A. difficult困难的；B. achievable可实现的；C. inevitable不可避免的；D. easy容易的。根据前文“While sustained profitable growth is a nearly universal goal”及后文“most companies barely grow.”可知，前后构成转折，虽然这是普遍的目标，但对许多公司来说，这也是一个困难的目标。故选A项。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：许多关于美国公司长期增长模式的研究表明，如果考虑到通货膨胀，大多数公司几乎没有增长。A. based on以……为基础；B. tracked down追踪；C. equipped with有……的配置；D. taken into account被考虑在内。根据前文“inflation”及后文“most companies barely grow.”可知，将通货膨胀考虑在内的话，大多数公司几乎没有增长。故选D项。 6．考查短语辨析。句意：例如，在对1976年至2019年10897家美国上市公司的分析中，研究人员发现，排名前四分之一的公司经通胀调整后的年平均增长率为11.8%，但排名后四分之三的公司几乎没有增长(分别为0.3%、0.03%和0.5%)。A. For instance例如；B. On the contrary相反；C. As a result作为结果；D. What’s more更重要的是。根据前文“most companies barely grow.”及后文“but those in the lower three quartiles experienced little or no growth”可知，此处举例证明了在通货膨胀的影响下，大多数公司几乎没有增长的事实。故选A项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：排名前四分之一的大多数公司都无法在数年内保持优异的增长表现。A. improve提高；B. sustain保持；C. recognize认出；D. decline下降。根据前文“firms in the top quartile grew at an inflation-adjusted average of 11.8%per year”及后文“superior growth performance for more than a few years”可知，虽然一开始排名前四分之一的公司经通胀调整后的年平均增长率较高，但这种优异的增长表现无法一直保持。故选B项。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：具体来说，公司以一种高度反应性、机会主义的方式接近增长。A. Respectively分别地；B. Ultimately最终地；C. Specifically具体地，确切地说；D. Reasonably通情达理地。根据前文“many companies’ growth problems are done by themselves”及后文“firms approach growth in a highly reactive,opportunistic manner.”可知，作者认为一些公司的增长问题主要是自身的原因造成的，后文对此进行了具体的说明。故选C项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当市场需求激增时，他们把资源投入到开发新能力上，并在不考虑其影响的情况下建立组织基础设施——例如，他们的操作系统和流程是否可以扩展，快速增长可能对企业文化产生何种影响，以及如果需求放缓会发生什么。A. benefits好处；B. opportunities机会；C. technologies科技；D. implications可能的影响。根据后文“whether their operating systems and processes can scale,how rapid growth might affect corporate culture and what would happen if demand slows.”可知，这些都是公司在建立组织基础设施时，没有考虑到的问题，他们盲目而迅速地做出决策，没有考虑这些决策可能的影响。故选D项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在追求增长的过程中，公司很容易毁掉最初让他们成功的东西，比如创新能力、出色的客户服务或独特的文化。A. typical典型的；B. technical技术的；C. happy开心的；D. successful成功的。根据后文“such as their capacity for innovation, their great customer service, or their unique cultures.”可知，创新能力、出色的客户服务或独特的文化都是可以让一家公司成功的因素。故选D项。 (22-23高一下·上海复旦附中·期末) Background noise—like the chatter in a coffee shop or the drone of passing traffic—might slow our reading speed, but according to a study of Russian readers, it doesn’t 1 how our brain understands written text. 2 , if you’re wondering whether you should be listening to podcasts or music while working, the study has some interesting points to make. In particular, it examined how we might change our reading style to compensate for auditory noise and visual distractions such as typos or poor formatting. “Overall, previous studies reported a harmful effect of both auditory and visual noise on reading fluency and 3 , though their results varied,” write linguistics researcher Nina Zdorova and colleagues. “So far, none of the studies exploring the influence of noise 4 it in the framework of the language processing theories.” One of the language processing theories examined was the noisy channel model, which proposes that our brain deals with noise by looking at the meaning of 5 words more and at entire sentences less. We then use a bit of smart guesswork to 6 the overall meaning and relationships between words. The second theory is the good enough model; that’s when our brains aren’t analyzing every single detail of a text but instead only grabbing enough words for a ‘good enough’ understanding. By focusing less on the precise words, our brains can 7 some cognitive resources to deal with noise. To see how reading was affected by noise 8 these models, the researchers ran two experiments: one on auditory noise (71 participants) and one on visual noise (70 participants). When it came to the auditory noise test, background chatter from overlapping podcasts caused people to spend longer looking at the key section of sentences before completing their reading. This extra time could 9 the noise, meaning sentence comprehension isn’t affected by it. In the visual noise test, comprehension remained the same while reading speed 10 . That’s a bit 11 considering previous studies, but the researchers think people just wanted to finish the task, with the visual noise an uncomfortable distraction. “In both experiments, we observed that longer total reading time was 12 with an accuracy increase for incorrect sentences,” write the researchers. There’s a lot going on in this study, but overall it’s a bigger win for the good-enough language processing theory and an indication that auditory and visual noise doesn’t make us 13 any more or less on any particular comprehension method while we’re reading. With so many variables to measure in terms of what’s being read and what the 14 noise is, further study is required to learn more. 15 potential distractions may not interrupt your reading as much as you think. 1．A．reinforce B．estimate C．affect D．interpret 2．A．First of all B．For example C．Above all D．To start with 3．A．context B．efficiency C．comprehension D．device 4．A．evaluated B．identified C．established D．employed 5．A．individual B．different C．new D．unfamiliar 6．A．confirm B．imply C．refer D．infer 7．A．exploit B．spare C．commit D．consume 8．A．on account of B．regardless of C．in regard to D．in contrast to 9．A．make up for B．live up to C．catch up with D．put up with 10．A．declined B．shrank C．expanded D．increased 11．A．embarrassing B．depressing C．puzzling D．annoying 12．A．associated B．compared C．replaced D．mixed 13．A．take B．set C．rely D．base 14．A．accompanying B．strange C．deafening D．distant 15．A．Therefore B．However C．Instead D．Otherwise 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．D 11．C 12．A 13．C 14．A 15．B 【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了研究表明背景噪音可能会减缓我们的阅读速度但是不会影响我们理解书面文本。这项研究还有一些有趣的观点。特别是，它研究了我们如何改变我们的阅读方式来补偿听觉或视觉噪音，并阐述了两个理论。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：背景噪音——比如咖啡店里的闲聊或过往交通的嗡嗡声——可能会减缓我们的阅读速度，但根据一项对俄罗斯读者的研究，它不会影响我们的大脑理解书面文本。A. reinforce加强；强化；B. estimate估计；C. affect影响；D. interpret解释。根据前文“Background noise—like the chatter in a coffee shop or the drone of passing traffic—might slow our reading speed”和but可知，前后文是转折关系，说明背景噪音可能会减缓我们的阅读速度但是研究表明不会影响我们理解书面文本。故选C。 2．考查固定短语辨析。句意：例如，如果你想知道在工作时应该听播客还是听音乐，这项研究有一些有趣的观点。A. First of all首先；B. For example例如；C. Above all首先；D. To start with从……开始。根据下文“if you’re wondering whether you should be listening to podcasts or music while working”可知，此处是举例说明。故选B。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：语言学研究员尼娜·兹多洛娃及其同事写道:“总的来说，之前的研究报告了听觉和视觉噪音对阅读流畅性和理解的不利影响，尽管他们的结果各不相同。”A. context (想法、事件等的)背景；上下文；B. efficiency效率；C. comprehension理解；D. device设备。根据上文“it doesn’t 　　1　　 how our brain understands written text”可知，之前的研究报告了听觉和视觉噪音会影响阅读的流畅性和理解。故选C。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，尚未有研究在语言加工理论的框架下对噪声的影响进行评价。A. evaluated评估；B. identified认出；确认；C. established建立；D. employed雇佣。根据前文“previous studies reported a harmful effect of both auditory and visual noise on reading fluency”可知，以前的研究研究了噪音对阅读的流畅性和理解，但是没有研究在语言加工理论的框架下评估这种影响。故选A。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其中一种语言处理理论是嘈杂通道模型，该模型假设我们的大脑通过更多地关注单个单词的含义而更少地关注整个句子来处理噪音。A. individual个人的；B. different不同的；C. new新的；D. unfamiliar不熟悉的。根据下文“at entire sentences less”可知，此处表示与entire形成对比，说明更多地关注单个单词，更少地关注整个句子。故选A。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们用一些聪明的猜测来推断单词之间的整体意义和关系。A. confirm确认；B. imply暗示；C. refer提到；D. infer推断。根据上文“We then use a bit of smart guesswork”可知，猜测是为了推断单词之间的整体意思和关系。故选D。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二种理论是足够好的模型；这时，我们的大脑并没有分析文本的每一个细节，而是只获取足够的单词来获得“足够好”的理解。通过不太关注精确的语法，我们的大脑保留一些认知资源来处理噪音。A. exploit利用；B. spare留出；C. commit承诺；D. consume消耗。根据前文“The second theory is the good enough model; that’s when our brains aren’t analyzing every single detail of a text but instead only grabbing enough words for a ‘good enough’ understanding.( 第二种理论是足够好的模型；这时，我们的大脑并没有分析文本的每一个细节，而是只获取足够的单词来获得“足够好”的理解。)”可知，此处表示大脑不分析文本的每一个细节，只是获取足够的单词就可以有足够好的理解，大脑利用不太精确的语法，保留一些资源来处理噪音。故选B。 8．考查固定短语辨析。句意：为了看看这些模型中的阅读是如何受到噪音的影响的，研究人员进行了两个实验:一个是听觉噪音(71名参与者)，另一个是视觉噪音(70名参与者)。A. on account of由于；B. regardless of不管；不顾；C. in regard to关于；D. in contrast to相比之下。根据下文“these models”以及下文的实验可知，此处说的是研究人员想要了解在这两种模式中，阅读是如何受到噪音的影响的，故选C。 9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个额外的时间可以补偿噪音，这意味着句子理解不受影响。  A. make up for补偿；弥补；B. live up to符合；不负；C. catch up with跟上；D. put up with忍耐。根据上文“When it came to the auditory noise test, background chatter from overlapping podcasts caused people to spend longer looking at the key section of sentences before completing their reading.( 当涉及到听觉噪音测试时，来自重叠播客的背景聊天会导致人们在完成阅读之前花更长的时间来看句子的关键部分。)”以及下文“meaning sentence comprehension isn’t affected by it”可推断，这些额外增加的时间提供了补偿。故选A。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在视觉噪音测试中，当阅读速度提高时，理解能力保持不变。A. declined拒绝；B. shrank收缩；C. expanded扩大；D. increased提高。根据下文“but the researchers think people just wanted to finish the task”可知，研究人员认为，人们只是想完成任务，说明人们加快了阅读速度。故选D。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：考虑到之前的研究，这有点令人费解，但研究人员认为，人们只是想完成任务，因为视觉噪音会令人不舒服地分心。A. embarrassing使人尴尬的；B. depressing令人沮丧的；C. puzzling令人迷惑的；D. annoying令人烦恼的。根据前文“In particular, it examined how we might change our reading style to compensate for auditory noise and visual distractions such as typos or poor formatting.( 特别是，它研究了我们可能如何改变我们的阅读风格，以弥补听觉噪音和视觉干扰，如拼写错误或糟糕的格式。)”可知，视觉噪音会令人分神，因此研究人员对于在视觉噪音测试中，当阅读速度提高时理解能力保持不变感到困惑。故选C。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员写道:“在这两个实验中，我们观察到，总阅读时间越长，对不准确的句子的准确率就越高。”A. associated联系；B. compared比较；C. replaced代替；D. mixed混合。根据前文“This extra time could 　　9　　 the noise, meaning sentence comprehension isn’t affected by it. In the visual noise test, comprehension remained the same while reading speed 　　10　　.”可知，两个实验都显示阅读时间的长度与准确率有关。be associated with“与……有联系”。故选A。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项研究涉及很多内容，但总的来说，“足够好”语言处理理论有更大胜利——这表明，听觉和视觉噪音不会让我们在阅读时或多或少地依赖于任何特定的理解方法。A. take拿走；B. set设置；C. rely依靠；D. base以……为基础。根据前文“overall it’s a bigger win for the good-enough language processing theory”和下文“on any particular comprehension method while we’re reading”可知，此处表示“足够好”语言处理理论更有效，说明听觉和视觉噪音不会让我们在阅读时依赖于任何特定的理解方法。故选C。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有这么多的变量来衡量正在阅读的内容和伴随的噪音是什么，需要进一步的研究来了解更多。A. accompanying伴随的；B. strange奇怪的；C. deafening震耳欲聋的；D. distant遥远的。根据前文“Background noise—like the chatter in a coffee shop or the drone of passing traffic—might slow our reading speed”可知，此处说的是背景音，也就是伴随的噪音。故选A。 15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，潜在的干扰可能并不会像你想的那样打断你的阅读。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Instead代替；D. Otherwise否则。前文“further study is required to learn more”和下文“potential distractions may not interrupt your reading as much as you think.”是转折关系。说明尽管需要更多地研究，但是潜在的干扰可能并不会像你想的那样打断你的阅读。故选B。 (22-23高一下·上海实验·期末) We have no idea what the job market will look like in 2050. It is generally agreed that machine learning and robotics will 1 almost every line of work — from producing yoghurt to teaching yoga. 2 , there are conflicting views about the nature of the change and its urgency. Some believe that within only a decade or two, billions of people will become 3 redundant (多余的). Others think that, even in the long run 4 will keep creating new jobs and will provide greater future for all. So, are we really facing a terrifying sudden change, or are such 5 meant to attract people’s attention? It is hard to say. Fears that automation will create considerable 6 go back to the 19’century, and so far they have never come true. Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, for every job lost to a machine at least one new job was 7 , and the average standard of living has increased greatly. Yet, there are good reasons to think that this time is different, and that machine learning will be a real 8 . Humans have two types of abilities — physical and cognitive (认知的). In the past, machines competed with humans mainly in 9 abilities, while humans still had a great advantage over machines in cognitive. 10 , as physical jobs in agriculture and industry were automated, new service jobs appeared that required the kind of cognitive skills only humans possess. They include learning, 11 , communicating and, above all else, understanding human emotions. However, AI is now beginning to 12 humans in more and more of these skills, including the understanding of human emotions. We don’t know of any third field of activity — beyond the physical and the cognitive — where humans will always have a secure 13 . It is important to realize that AI revolution is not just about computers getting faster and smarter. It is also one that is being 14 by our breakthroughs in the life sciences and the social sciences as well. The better we understand the biochemical mechanisms (机制) that support human desires and choices, the better computers can become at analyzing human emotions, predicting human decisions, and 15 human drivers, bankers and lawyers. 1．A．carve B．change C．replace D．threaten 2．A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Likewise 3．A．economically B．psychologically C．environmentally D．socially 4．A．urbanization B．cooperation C．competition D．automation 5．A．outcomes B．forecasts C．excuses D．reflections 6．A．damage B．emergency C．production D．unemployment 7．A．dumped B．shelved C．created D．testified 8．A．trouble-maker B．time-saver C．game-changer D．truth-seeker 9．A．physical B．mental C．social D．mathematical 10．A．By contrast B．For example C．As a result D．In addition 11．A．analyzing B．copying C．walking D．measuring 12．A．go in for B．make do with C．turn away from D．catch up with 13．A．environment B．connection C．estimation D．advantage 14．A．dampened B．defined C．fueled D．doubted 15．A．appealing B．replacing C．standardizing D．diversifying 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．C 9．A 10．C 11．A 12．D 13．D 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了科技发展人工智能对于就业带来的影响。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们普遍认为，机器学习和机器人技术将改变几乎每一项工作——从生产酸奶到教授瑜伽。A. carve雕刻；B. change改变；C. replace取代；D. threaten威胁。根据下文“there are conflicting views about the nature of the change and its urgency(关于变革的性质及其紧迫性，存在着相互矛盾的观点)”可知，这里说的是机器人给每项工作带来的改变，故选B项。 2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，关于变革的性质及其紧迫性，存在着相互矛盾的观点。A. Besides此外；B. However然而；C. Therefore因此；D. Likewise同样地。根据下文“there are conflicting views about the nature of the change and its urgency(关于变革的性质及其紧迫性，存在着相互矛盾的观点)”可知，这里使用However表转折符合句意，故选B项。 3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：有人认为，只要再过10年或20年，数十亿人将在经济上变得多余。A. economically经济上；B. psychologically心理上地；C. environmentally与环境有关地；D. socially社会上。根据下文“Fears that automation will create considerable 　　6　　 go back to the 19’century(自动化将造成大量失业的担忧可以追溯到19世纪)”可知，这里说的是，自动化会造成大量失业，所以是经济上的多余，故选A项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他人认为，即使从长远来看，自动化也将继续创造新的就业机会，并为所有人提供更好的未来。A. urbanization城市化；B. cooperation合作；C. competition竞争；D. automation自动化。根据上文“Fears that automation will create considerable 　　6　　 go back to the 19’century, and so far they have never come true(对自动化将造成大量失业的担忧可以追溯到19世纪，但到目前为止，这些担忧从未实现。)”可知，这里要说的是机器自动化会创造新的就业就会，故选D项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么，我们真的面临着可怕的突然变化吗？还是这样的预测是为了吸引人们的注意力？A. outcomes结果；B. forecasts预测；C. excuses借口；D. reflections反映。根据上文“Some believe that within only a decade or two, billions of people will become 　　3　　 redundant (多余的). Others think that, even in the long run 　　4　　 will keep creating new jobs and will provide greater future for all.（一些人认为，在短短的一二十年内，数十亿人将在社会上变得多余。其他人认为，即使从长远来看，自动化也将继续创造新的就业机会，并为所有人提供更好的未来。）”可知，这里说的是上文中的这些预测是真的吗？故选B项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对自动化将造成大量失业的担忧可以追溯到19世纪，但到目前为止，这些担忧从未实现。A. damage损害；B. emergency紧急情况；C. production生产；D. unemployment失业。根据上文“Some believe that within only a decade or two, billions of people will become 　　3　　 redundant (多余的).(一些人认为，在短短的一二十年内，数十亿人将在社会上变得多余。)”可知，这里说的是自动化会造成失业，故选D项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：自工业革命开始以来，机器每失去一个工作岗位，就至少创造了一个新的工作岗位，平均生活水平大大提高。A. dumped倾倒；B. shelved搁置；C. created创造；D. testified证明。根据上文“Others think that, even in the long run 　　4　　 will keep creating new jobs and will provide greater future for all.(其他人认为，即使从长远来看，自动化也将继续创造新的就业机会，并为所有人提供更好的未来。)”可知，这里说的是失去一个工作岗位的同时就会创造一个新的工作岗位，故选C项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，有充分的理由认为，这一次不同了，机器学习将真正改变游戏规则。A. trouble-maker    麻烦制造者；B. time-saver节省时间者；C. game-changer力挽狂澜者；D. truth-seeker寻求真相者。根据上文“Yet, there are good reasons to think that this time is different”可知，这里要说的是改变游戏规则，人工智能在很多方面开始赶上人类，故选C项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：过去，机器主要在身体能力上与人类竞争，而人类在认知能力上仍比机器有很大优势。A. physical身体的；B. mental心理的；C. social社交的；D. mathematical数学的。根据下文“while humans still had a great advantage over machines in cognitive (而人类在认知能力上仍比机器有很大优势)”可知，这里说的是机器主要在身体能力上与人类竞争，故选A项。 10．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：因此，随着农业和工业中的体力工作实现自动化，出现了新的服务性工作，这些工作需要只有人类才能拥有的那种认知技能。A. By contrast相比较而言；B. For example例如；C. As a result因此；D. In addition另外。结合上下句的句意可知，此处使用As a result“因此”来构成因果关系，符合句意，故选C项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们包括学习、分析、交流，最重要的是理解人类的情感。A. analyzing分析；B. copying复制；C. walking散步；D. measuring测量。根据上文“while humans still had a great advantage over machines in cognitive (而人类在认知能力上仍比机器有很大优势)”可知，这里要说的是一种认知能力，analyzing“分析”符合句意，故选A项。 12．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：然而，人工智能现在开始在越来越多的这些技能上赶上人类，包括对人类情绪的理解。A. go in for对……感兴趣；B. make do with凑合着用；C. turn away from厌恶；D. catch up with赶上。根据上文“In the past, machines competed with humans mainly in 　　9　　 abilities, while humans still had a great advantage over machines in cognitive.(过去，机器主要在身体能力上与人类竞争，而人类在认知能力上仍比机器有很大优势。)”可知，现在人工智能在这些认知能力上也开始赶上人类，故选D项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们不知道除了身体和认知之外，还有任何第三个活动领域会让人类始终拥有安全的优势。A. environment环境；B. connection连接；C. estimation评价；D. advantage优势。根据上文“Humans have two types of abilities — physical and cognitive (认知的). In the past, machines competed with humans mainly in 　　9　　 abilities, while humans still had a great advantage over machines in cognitive.(人类拥有两种能力——身体的和认知的。过去，机器主要在身体能力上与人类竞争，而人类在认知能力上仍比机器有很大优势。)”可知，这里说的是没有第三种优势，故选D项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这也是由我们在生命科学和社会科学方面的突破所推动的。A. dampened依靠；B. defined下定义；C. fueled加强；D. doubted怀疑。根据下文“The better we understand the biochemical mechanisms (机制) that support human desires and choices, the better computers can become at analyzing human emotions, predicting human decisions, and 　　15　　 human drivers, bankers and lawyers.(我们越是了解支持人类欲望和选择的生化机制，计算机就越能更好地分析人类情绪，预测人类决策，并取代人类司机、银行家和律师。)”可知，这里说的是生命科学和社会科学的突破推动了计算机的发展，故选C项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们越是了解支持人类欲望和选择的生化机制，计算机就越能更好地分析人类情绪，预测人类决策，并取代人类司机、银行家和律师。A. appealing呼吁；B. replacing取代；C. standardizing使标准化；D. diversifying多样化。根据上文“The better we understand the biochemical mechanisms (机制) that support human desires and choices, the better computers can become at analyzing human emotions, predicting human decisions(我们越是了解支持人类欲望和选择的生化机制，计算机就越能更好地分析人类情绪，预测人类决策)”可知，计算机能够分析人类情绪，预测人类决策进而会取代这些岗位，故选B项。 (22-23高一下·上海曹二附中·期末) If you survey American parents about what they want for their kids, more than 90 percent say one of their top priorities is that their children be caring. This makes sense: Kindness and concern for others are held as 1 in nearly every society. But when you ask children what their parents 2 for them, 81 percent say their parents value achievement and happiness over caring. Kids learn what’s important to adults not by listening to what we say, but by 3 what gets our attention. And in many developed societies, parents now pay more attention to individual achievement and happiness than anything else. However much we 4 kindness and caring, we’re not actually showing our kids that we value these traits (特点). Perhaps we shouldn’t be surprised, then, that kindness appears to be 5 . An analysis of annual surveys of American college students showed a substantial drop from 1979 to 2009 in imagining the 6 of others. It’s not just that people care less; they seem to be 7 less, too. In one experiment, a sociologist left behind thousands of what appeared to be lost letters in dozens of American cities in 2001, and again in 2011. From the first round to the second one, the proportion of letters that was 8 by helpful passersby and put in a mailbox declined by 10 percent. Psychologists find that kids born after 1995 are just as likely as their parents to 9 that other people experiencing difficulty should be helped — but they feel less personal responsibility to take action themselves. 10 , they are less likely to donate to charity, or even to express an interest in doing so. If we truly care less about one another, some of the blame lies with the values parents have 11 . In our own lives, we’ve observed many fellow parents becoming so focused on achievement that they fail to cultivate kindness. They seem to regard their children’s successes as a personal badge (徽章) of honor and their children’s failures as a(n) 12 reflection on their own parenting. Other parents unconsciously 13 kindness, seeing it as a source of weakness in a fiercely competitive world. But there’s no reason parents can’t teach their kids to care about others and themselves — to be both 14 and self-respecting. If you encourage children to consider the needs and feelings of others, sometimes they will and sometimes they won’t. But they’ll soon learn that if you don’t 15 others considerately, they may not be considerate toward you. And those around you will be less likely to be considerate of one another, too. 1．A．miracles B．aspects C．virtues D．schedules 2．A．want B．make C．change D．buy 3．A．answering B．wondering C．challenging D．noticing 4．A．praise B．research C．forget D．link 5．A．of significance B．out of order C．on exhibit D．in decline 6．A．studies B．perspectives C．careers D．backgrounds 7．A．thinking B．doing C．helping D．learning 8．A．left off B．taken over C．set aside D．picked up 9．A．doubt B．recall C．object D．believe 10．A．In addition B．By contrast C．For example D．To date 11．A．criticized B．elevated C．assessed D．impacted 12．A．accurate B．admiring C．mental D．negative 13．A．promote B．understand C．distinguish D．discourage 14．A．creative B．initiative C．generous D．idealistic 15．A．consider B．treat C．hear D．observe 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．D 10．A 11．D 12．D 13．D 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了一种社会现象，虽然父母自己表示更看重孩子具有善良和关心他人的品质，但是实际上他们更看重成就和幸福，因此孩子的善良和帮助他人的行为在减少，为此父母可能需要改变价值观，去教育孩子成为既宽厚又富有自尊的人。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是讲得通的：善良和关心他人几乎在每个社会都被视为美德。A. miracles奇迹；B. aspects方面；C. virtues美德；D. schedules计划。根据上文“Kindness and concern for others are held as”和常识可推知，几乎每个社会都会将善良和关心他人视作美德。故选C。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当你问孩子们父母想要他们什么时，81%的人说他们的父母更看重成就和幸福，而不是关心他人。A. want想要；B. make制作；C. change变化；D. buy购买。根据上文“If you survey American parents about what they want for their kids”可知，上文说明美国父母被问想要孩子什么，由此推知，此处表示美国孩子被问父母想要他们什么。故选A。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子们知道什么对成年人来说是重要的，不是通过听我们说什么，而是通过注意什么能引起我们的关注。A. answering回答；B. wondering想知道；C. challenging挑战；D. noticing注意。根据上文“not by listening to what we say”和下文“what gets our attention”可推知，孩子们不是通过听家长说来判断对成年人重要的品质，而是通过注意家长实际上关注什么。故选D。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论我们多么赞美善良和关心他人，我们实际上并没有向我们的孩子表明我们重视这些品质。A. praise赞美；B. research研究；C. forget忘记；D. link连接。根据上文“more than 90 percent say one of their top priorities is that their children be caring”可推知，此处表示无论家长说多么重视以及赞美善良和关心他人这种品质，实际上家长的行动并非如此。故选A。 5．考查介词短语辨析。句意：那么，也许我们不应该对善良似乎在减少感到惊讶。A. of significance具有重要意义的；B. out of order失灵的；C. on exhibit在展出的；D. in decline在减少的。根据下文“a substantial drop from 1979 to 2009”可知，善良似乎在减少。故选D。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一项对美国大学生年度调查的分析显示，从1979年到2009年，考虑他人观点的能力大幅下降。A. studies研究；B. perspectives观点；C. careers职业；D. backgrounds背景。根据文章在讨论善良和关心他人这种品质的语境可推知，此处表示考虑他人的观点，即关心他人的想法。故选B。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们不仅仅关心得少了，他们似乎也在减少帮助。A. thinking思考；B. doing做；C. helping帮助；D. learning学习。根据下文“the proportion of letters that was ____8____ by helpful passersby and put in a mailbox declined by 10 percent”可知，乐于助人的路人去做好事的比例在下降，由此推知，人们也在减少帮助。故选C。 8．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：从第一轮到第二轮，被乐于助人的路人捡起并放入邮箱的信件比例下降了10%。A. left off离开；B. taken over接管；C. set aside搁置；D. picked up捡起。根据上文“a sociologist left behind thousands of what appeared to be lost letters in dozens of American cities”可知，这位社会学家在美国几十个城市留下了数千封似乎丢失的信件，因此乐于助人的路人应该会捡起这些信件并放入邮箱。故选D。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：心理学家发现，95后的孩子和他们的父母一样，相信其他遇到困难的人应该得到帮助，但他们更少觉得个人有责任采取行动。A. doubt怀疑；B. recall召回；C. object反对；D. believe相信。根据下文“but they feel less personal responsibility to take action themselves”可知，此处语义有转折，下文表示这些孩子更少觉得个人有责任采取行动，由此推知，上文表示他们和他们的父母一样，是相信应该帮助其他遇到困难的人的。故选D。 10．考查介词短语辨析。句意：此外，他们不太可能向慈善机构捐款，甚至表达出这样做的兴趣。A. In addition此外；B. By contrast相比之下；C. For example例如；D. To date迄今为止。根据下文“they are less likely to donate to charity, or even to express an interest in doing so”可知，这些孩子不太可能向慈善机构捐款，甚至表达出这样做的兴趣，是对上文他们更少觉得个人有责任采取行动去帮助他人的进一步延伸，因此In addition“此外”符合语境。故选A。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们真的不关心彼此，部分责任在于父母所影响的价值观。A. criticized批评；B. elevated提高；C. assessed评估；D. impacted影响。根据下文“In our own lives, we’ve observed many fellow parents becoming so focused on achievement that they fail to cultivate kindness.”可知，本段在描述父母实际上奉行的价值观，此处表示父母影响了孩子们的价值观，一定程度上导致了孩子们不关心彼此。故选D。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们似乎把孩子的成功视为个人荣誉的徽章，把孩子的失败视为对自己教育方式的负面反映。A. accurate准确的；B. admiring钦佩的；C. mental精神的；D. negative负面的。根据上文“regard their children’s successes as a personal badge (徽章) of honor”可知，父母似乎把孩子的成功视为个人荣誉的徽章，由此推知，他们也会把孩子的失败视作对教育方式的负面反映。故选D。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：还有一些父母无意识地劝阻善良，认为在这个竞争激烈的世界里，善良是软弱的来源。A. promote推广；B. understand理解；C. distinguish区分；D. discourage劝阻。根据下文“seeing it as a source of weakness in a fiercely competitive world”可知，有些父母认为善良会在竞争激烈的世界里导致软弱，因此他们会劝阻善良。故选D。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，父母没有理由不能教育孩子关心他人和自己——既宽厚又富有自尊。A. creative有创意的；B. initiative主动的；C. generous宽厚的；D. idealistic理想主义的。根据上文“teach their kids to care about others and themselves”可知，父母可以教育孩子关心他人和自己，因此generous“宽厚的”符合语境。故选C。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他们很快就会知道，如果你不体贴地对待别人，他们可能也不会体谅你。A. consider考虑；B. treat对待；C. hear听见；D. observe观察。根据下文“they may not be considerate toward you”可推知，treat“对待”符合语境，此处表示如果你不体贴地对待别人，别人也不会体谅你。故选B。 (22-23高一下·上海交大附中·期末) AN UNLIKELY HERO Miep Gies was a recently married young office worker living in Amsterdam in 1942. As German occupiers tightened their grip on the city, Gies’s boss, Otto Frank, asked her to hide him and his family from the Nazis, who were sending Jews to concentration camps. For the next two years, Gies 1 her life daily to smuggle food to the Franks and four others concealed in secret rooms above Otto’s business. When she could no longer protect the family-when the Nazis finally came and took them away in 1944—Gies kept their story alive by saving Anne Frank’s 2 . She’s the reason the world has The Diary of a Young Girl. Later in Gies’s life, people called her heroic. Believing she simply did what she could in evil times, she is said to have made this 3 : “Even an ordinary secretary or a housewife or a teenager can, within their own small ways, turn on a small light in a dark room.” A Small Light tells Gies’s story in an eight-part mini-series shot in Amsterdam and Prague. In interviews on location, its creators and actors 4 on why Gies remains an inspiration. “ 5 most of us are familiar with the diary, what was going on outside the annex...is the mystery,” says Tony Phelan, who with wife Joan Rater headed the project. Rater adds to that idea: “What does hiding people mean on a day-to-day 6 ? Miep said yes to Otto Frank, and then you have to say yes every day afterwards, even when it’s hard, even when you’re sick, even when you don’t want to. And that, to me the everyday drudgery of it all, is quite dramatic.” Phelan and Rater, married for 30 years, created, executive produced, and wrote the miniseries after six years of research. It was a 1995 7 , Anne Frank Remembered, that initially 8 their interest, and they visited the Anne Frank House, the museum established where the Franks once hid. After descending its 9 , narrow stairs—as Ann had—Rater noticed a girl doing cartwheels(侧手翻) outside. For A Small Light, Rater turned that memory of a girl’s carefree spirit into a flashback scene: Anne in 1941, on Miep and Jan Gies’s wedding day. She’s skipping, excited over the romantic ceremony. Then within a year, her life would be 10 but fear. One bright spot for Anne was visits from Gies, who 11 supplies by bicycle. Actress Bel Powley plays Gies and, to get into her character’s mindset, retraced those journeys. “Tony and Joan gave me all these cool maps so that I could cycle Miep’s 12 ,” she says. Powley, who is Jewish, felt the 13 of telling this story, especially as the shoot neared its end. The girl who wanted to be a famous writer became one, of course. Still, no one would ever read 14 that began “Dear Kitty” had Gies not gathered the scattered papers and the diary with the red-checkered cover and later given them to Otto, the family’s sole survivor. The Miep Gieses of the world—the small lights, the extraordinary ordinary people who did something, who pushed back against tyranny, who pushed back against authoritarians, who pushed back against fascists—remembering what they accomplished, I think, gives us some 15 on what we can accomplish.” 1．A．sacrificed B．saved C．rescued D．risked 2．A．jewellery B．journal C．journey D．justice 3．A．declaration B．release C．response D．statement 4．A．concentrated B．emphasize C．reflected D．relied 5．A．As B．If C．Until D．While 6．A．base B．basis C．foundation D．scale 7．A．documentary B．history C．memory D．victory 8．A．spared B．sparked C．stacked D．steered 9．A．slim B．steady C．steep D．stubborn 10．A．anything B．everything C．nothing D．something 11．A．fed B．ferried C．fetched D．filled 12．A．road B．role C．round D．route 13．A．passion B．regret C．urge D．weight 14．A．articles B．chapters C．columns D．entries 15．A．perspective B．potential C．promise D．prospect 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．C 11．B 12．D 13．D 14．A 15．A 【导语】本文是记叙文。主要讲述了Miep Gies在二战期间帮助隐藏Anne Frank一家以及保护安妮日记的重要意义，作者认为Miep Gies是一位英雄。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的两年里，吉斯每天冒着生命危险偷运食物给弗兰克夫妇和其他四个人，他们藏在奥托公司楼上的密室里。A. sacrificed牺牲；B. saved挽救；C. rescued救助；D. risked冒险。由上文“As German occupiers tightened their grip on the city, Gies’s boss, Otto Frank, asked her to hide him and his family from the Nazis, who were sending Jews to concentration camps.(随着德国占领者加强了对这座城市的控制，吉斯的老板Otto Frank要求她把他和他的家人藏起来，以免被纳粹分子发现，纳粹分子正把犹太人送到集中营)”可知，Gies是冒着生命危险给Frank一家偷偷地送食物，故选D。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她不能再保护这个家庭时——当纳粹最终在1944年来到并带走他们时——吉斯通过拯救安妮·弗兰克的日记使他们的故事得以延续。A. jewellery珠宝；B. journal日记；C. journey旅行；D. justice公正。由下文“She’s the reason the world has The Diary of a Young Girl.(就是因为她，世界上才会有《少女日记》。)”可知，此处指保护了安妮·弗兰克的日记，故选B。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她相信自己只是在邪恶的时代做了力所能及的事情，据说她说过这样的话：“即使是一个普通的秘书、家庭主妇或青少年，也可以用他们自己微小的方式，在黑暗的房间里打开一盏小灯。”A. declaration宣告；B. release释放；C. response回应；D. statement陈述；表态。由下文““Even an ordinary secretary or a housewife or a teenager can, within their own small ways, turn on a small light in a dark room.””可知，此处指Gies说过的一句话。故选D。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在外景采访中，它的创作者和演员都强调了为什么吉斯仍然是令人鼓舞的。A. concentrated专注于；B. emphasize强调；C. reflected反映；D. relied依赖。由上文“A Small Light tells Gies’s story in an eight-part mini-series shot in Amsterdam and Prague.”和下文“on why Gies remains an inspiration”可知，Gies的故事被拍成了迷你电视剧，这说明Gies的故事是鼓舞人心的，由此可知，此处指它的创作者和演员都强调了为什么Gies仍然是鼓舞人心的，emphasize on意为“强调”，故选B。 5．考查连词词义辨析。句意：“尽管我们大多数人都熟悉这本日记，所以附属建筑外面发生的事情……是个谜，”托尼·费伦说，他和妻子琼·雷特一起领导了这个项目。A. As尽管；当；B. If如果；C. Until直到；D. While尽管。由下文“most of us are familiar with the diary, what was going on outside the annex...is the mystery”可知，逗号前后句子是转折关系，应用while表示“尽管”，虽然as也表示尽管，但是句子需要用倒装，所以此处不符，故选D。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天把人藏起来意味着什么？A. base地下室；B. basis基础；C. foundation地基；D. scale级别。由上文“on a day-to-day”可知，此处每日，应用固定搭配on a day-to-day basis，故选B。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最初引起他们兴趣的是1995年的一部纪录片——Anne Frank Remembered，他们参观了弗兰克夫妇曾经藏身的安妮·弗兰克之家博物馆。A. documentary纪录片；B. history历史；C. memory记忆；D. victory胜利。由下文“Anne Frank Remembered”可知，Anne Frank Remembered是一部纪录片，故选A。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最初引起他们兴趣的是1995年的一部纪录片——Anne Frank Remembered，他们参观了弗兰克夫妇曾经藏身的安妮·弗兰克之家博物馆。A. spared抽出；B. sparked点燃；引起；C. stacked使码放在……；D. steered驾驶（交通工具）。由下文“their interest”可知，此处指引起他们的兴趣，故选B。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：走下了陡峭狭窄的楼梯后，正如安妮曾经做的事——雷特注意到一个女孩在外面侧手翻。A. slim苗条的；B. steady稳定；C. steep陡峭的；D. stubborn顽固的。由下文“narrow”可知，此处指陡峭狭窄的楼梯，故选C。 10．考查不定代词词义辨析。句意：一年之内，她的生活就只剩下恐惧了。A. anything任何东西；B. everything一切东西；C. nothing没有什么东西；D. something某个东西。由下文“but ffear”可知，此处指只剩下恐惧了，nothing but固定搭配，意为“只有”，故选C。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：令安妮高兴的事是吉斯的拜访，她用自行车运送补给品。A. fed喂养；B. ferried渡运；运送；C. fetched拿来；D. filled填满。由第一段中“smuggle food to the Franks and four others concealed in secret rooms above Otto’s business.”和下文“supplies by bicycle”可知，此处指Gies给Anne运送所需要的东西，故选B。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“托尼和琼给了我所有这些很酷的地图，这样我就可以按照米普的路线来骑行，”她说。A. road公路；B. role角色；C. round回合；D. route路线。由上文“Tony and Joan gave me all these cool maps so that I could cycle Miep’s”可知，指按照Miep的路线来骑行，故选D。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：波利是犹太人，他感到讲述这个故事的重要性，尤其是在拍摄接近尾声的时候。A. passion激情；B. regret后悔；C. urge催促；D. weight重要性。由下文“of telling this story,”可知，此处指讲述这个故事的重要性，故选D。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，如果吉斯没有收集那些散乱的文件和带有红色格子封面的日记，并随后把它们交给奥托——这个家庭唯一的幸存者，没有人会读到以《亲爱的凯蒂》开头的文章。A. articles文章；B. chapters章节；C. columns栏目；D. entries词条。由下文“that began “Dear Kitty” had Gies not gathered the scattered papers and the diary with the red-checkered cover”可知，《亲爱的凯蒂》是一篇文章，故选A。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：世界上的 Miep Gieses ——那些微弱的光芒，那些做了一些事情的非凡的普通人，那些反抗暴政的人，那些反抗独裁者的人，那些反抗法西斯的人——我认为，记住他们所取得的成就，能让我们对我们能够取得成就有正确的认识。A. perspective观点；正确的认识；B. potential潜能；C. promise承诺；D. prospect前景。由上文“emembering what they accomplished, I think, gives us some”和下文“on what we can accomplish.”可知，记住那些非凡的人们所取得的成就，能让我们对我们能够取得成就有正确的认识。故选A。 试卷第44页，共44页 试卷第43页，共44页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 专题03 完形填空（优选上海名校真题） (23-24高一下·上海黄浦区·期末) My daughter had just turned five when I took her to go grocery shopping with me one day. There on display was the most beautiful toilet paper she had ever seen, for it was pink. During 1 awareness month, the toilet paper company had made their products pink, with a part of each sale’s profits helping the people in need. And my daughter simply had to have it. She begged with her sweetest pretty pleases. Of course I 2 her request, explaining that it was pink to raise awareness of kindness and that 3 of the money we were paying was going towards helping others. My little girl sat in the cart, holding her package of pink toilet paper. She could not contain her excitement and talked on and on. On the way out, she retold to the cashier everything she could remember about the 4 of the colored toilet paper. Her 5 spread among the other customers, and several more packages went through the checkouts that morning. My daughter carried the tower of toilet paper into the house herself and dragged it upstairs, which was a great 6 considering the package stood as tall as she did. That evening, I walked into the bathroom to find all the rolls 7 stored in the cupboard, in the shape of a lovely castle. She began in all seriousness as she ceremoniously (隆重地) 8 a half used white roll on the holder with a new pink one, “ 9 I use it, I will remember to pray for all those people who are 10 right now.” 1．A．beauty B．charity C．culture D．environment 2．A．put in B．agreed to C．turned down D．responded to 3．A．all B．more C．none D．some 4．A．usage B．price C．meaning D．misunderstanding 5．A．calmness B．confidence C．passion D．patience 6．A．achievement B．expectation C．independence D．responsibility 7．A．neatly B．messily C．casually D．naturally 8．A．combined B．compared C．mixed D．replaced 9．A．In case B．Now that C．Every time D．Even though 10．A．in common B．in silence C．in trouble D．in practice (23-24高一下·上海建平中学·期末) Taking A Vacation Could Help You Live Longer Thinking about skipping vacation days? Don’t. One of the longest follow-up studies in the world finds vacations can actually prolong your life. And if you think your spin classes (动感单车课程) and clean eating will make up for 1 your dream cruise trip and save you from your jam-packed, hard driving life, think again. An improved, healthier lifestyle doesn’t 2 working too hard and not taking your holidays, University of Helsinki professor Timo Strandberg said Tuesday at the annual European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Congress. “ 3 can be a good way to relieve stress.” The new findings are a part of the Helsinki Businessmen Study, research that for decades has 4 1,222 male executives born between 1919 and 1934. Each had at least one risk factor for heart disease, for example, smoking, 5 , or had high blood pressure. The research, which began in the 1960s, 6 into a longitudinal (纵向的) study and was extended through 2014, focusing in part on how mid-life risk factors can impact the 7 in old age. For the study, the men were split into two groups. In one control group, men lived their lives as they 8 did and did not meet with the study’s investigators. Men in the other group, a(n) 9 group, were given advice on how to improve their health. These men were asked to exercise, improve their diets, reach a healthy weight or stop smoking. At the study’s 15-year check-in, Strandberg found that if their vacations 10 , the men who improved their lifestyles had a 37 percent higher chance of death rate. What is to 11 ? Working too hard, not sleeping enough and not taking enough vacation. While 12 , this new research won’t likely impact most Americans’ vacation habits. Most American workers don’t get that many paid days to begin with. Even if they do have the time, many workers feel they can’t 13 it. Americans have put off vacation because they feel they have too much work to do and too many family 14 . Given that experts find that vacation can help you be more productive when you return to work, maybe it’s time to put forward the request for a few days 15 . 1．A．extending B．postponing C．planning D．locating 2．A．apply for B．sort out C．compensate for D．soak up 3．A．Vacations B．Work-outs C．Outlets D．Adventures 4．A．qualified B．counted C．motivated D．followed 5．A．mood B．gender C．obesity D．diet 6．A．halved B．fell C．evolved D．looked 7．A．perception B．status C．ambition D．well-being 8．A．eventually B．usually C．individually D．attentively 9．A．intervention B．selection C．witness D．supervision 10．A．added up B．faded away C．stood out D．fell short 11．A．emerge B．blame C．escape D．rescue 12．A．dramatic B．ideal C．awkward D．delicate 13．A．exclude B．afford C．involve D．stretch 14．A．operations B．versions C．obligations D．generations 15．A．over B．in C．down D．off (23-24高一下·上海浦东东昌中学·期末) Once upon a time there lived in Germany two brothers who loved a good story — one with magic and danger, royalty and villains (恶棍). At school they met a wise man who led them to a treasure — a library of old books with tales more fascinating than any they had ever heard. 1 , the brothers began collecting their own stories, listening to the folktales people told them. Soon they 2 their own treasure — a book of fairy tales that would charm millions in faraway lands for generations to come. The brothers Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm, named their story collection Children’s and Household Tales and published it in Germany in 1812. The collection which has been translated into more than 160 languages up to now is a publishing 3 . The stories and their characters have appeared in theatre, opera, comic books, movies, paintings, rock music, advertising and even fashion. Such 4 would have shocked the modest Grimms. During their lifetimes the book sold few copies in Germany. The early editions were not even 5 children. They had no illustrations, and scholarly footnotes took up almost as much space as the tales themselves. Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm viewed themselves as 6 students of folklore. They began their work at a time when Germany had been occupied by the French under Napoleon. As young scholars, the brothers Grimm began to work on the fairy tale collection in order to save the endangered oral storytelling tradition of Germany. Long before the Grimms’ time, 7 developed in inns, barns, and peasant homes. During winter nights, as they sat spinning wood, women kept each other company and entertained each other with tales of adventure, romance and magic. 8 , 40 such storytellers delivered tales to the Grimms, many of them coming to their house in Kassel. Although the brothers implied that they were just 9 the tales, Wilhelm polished and reshaped the stories up to the final edition of 1857. In an effort to make them more 10 to children and their parents, he stressed the moral of each tale and emphasized gender roles. According to the Grimms, the collection served as “a manual of 11 .” To this day, parents read them to their children because they approve of the lessons in the stories: keep your promises, don’t talk to strangers, work hard, obey your parents. So what 12 their popularity? Some have suggested that it is because the characters are always striving for happiness. But the truth probably lies in their 13 . The Grimms’ tales were born out of a storytelling tradition without 14 of age or culture. The brothers’ skill was to translate these into a universal style of writing that seems to mirror whatever moods or interests we bring to our 15 of them. And so it was that the Grimms’ fairy tales lived happily ever after. 1．A．Inspired B．Disappointed C．Discouraged D．Relieved 2．A．estimated B．produced C．sacrificed D．stocked 3．A．medium B．partnership C．finding D．wonder 4．A．quality B．wealth C．fame D．benefit 5．A．marked as B．robbed of C．aimed at D．prevented from 6．A．intelligent B．hardworking C．peculiar D．patriotic 7．A．collection B．storytelling C．entertainment D．meeting 8．A．Besides B．Altogether C．However D．Similarly 9．A．creating B．developing C．reviewing D．recording 10．A．accustomed B．acceptable C．cruel D．compared 11．A．manners B．parentship C．publishing D．adaptation 12．A．results from B．depends on C．accounts for D．responds to 13．A．appeal B．flexibility C．availability D．origin 14．A．boundaries B．influences C．indications D．distributions 15．A．writing B．sharing C．reading D．beginning (23-24高一下·上海华一附中·期末) AI can transform education for the better As students return to classrooms for the new year, it is striking to reflect on how little education has changed in recent decades. The sector remains a digital laggard (落后者). American schools and universities spend 2% and 5% of their budgets, 1 , on technology, compared with 8% for the average American company. When the pandemic forced schools and universities to shut down, the moment for a digital 2 seemed close when the market value of online tutoring providers like Chegg and Byju’s both increased. However, once covid was brought under control, classes continued much as before. If the pandemic couldn’t overcome the education sector’s 3 to digital interruption, can artificial intelligence? ChatGPT-like generative AI, which can converse cleverly on varieties of subjects, certainly 4 . So much so that educationalists began to 5 that students would use it to cheat on essays and homework. Increasingly, however, it is generating excitement as a means to provide 6 tutoring to various students and speed up boring tasks such as marking. Learners, for their part, are 7 the technology. Two-fifths of undergraduates reported using an AI chatbot to help them with their studies. Indeed, the technology’s popularity has raised awkward questions for companies like Chegg, which was losing customers 8 ChatGPT. Yet there are good reasons to believe that education specialists like Chegg who employ AI will eventually 9 generalists such as OpenAI, the maker of ChatGPT. For one, AI chatbots often talk nonsense, an unhelpful trait in an educational context. “Students want content from 10 providers,” argues Kate Edwards, chief pedagogist at Pearson, a textbook publisher. The company has not allowed ChatGPT and other AIs to 11 its material, but has instead used the content to train its own models, which it is embedding into its set of learning apps. 12 , as Chegg’s Mr Rosensweig argues, teaching is not merely about giving students an answer, but about presenting it in a way that helps them learn. Understanding pedagogy (教学法) thus gives education specialists an 13 . Pearson has designed its AI tools to 14 students by breaking complex topics down, testing their understanding and providing quick feedback, says Ms Edwards. Byju’s is incorporating “forgetting curves” for students into the design of its AI tutoring tools, refreshing their memories at personalized 15 . Bringing AI to education will not be easy, but once answers on how to make use of this technology become clearer, such a development will certainly deserve top marks. 1．A．respectively B．appropriately C．totally D．ultimately 2．A．divide B．reverse C．boom D．withdrawal 3．A．tendency B．resistance C．attention D．anxiety 4．A．serve the purpose B．break the ice C．take the initiative D．do some good 5．A．maintain B．panic C．doubt D．wonder 6．A．personalized B．individualistic C．characteristic D．attentive 7．A．attempting B．declining C．opposing D．embracing 8．A．for B．under C．to D．in 9．A．detect B．transform C．overtake D．enhance 10．A．comprehensive B．advanced C．distinguished D．trusted 11．A．give away B．take in C．bring about D．hold up 12．A．By contrast B．Despite this C．What’s more D．As a result 13．A．applause B．edge C．hesitation D．improvement 14．A．convince B．engage C．capture D．challenge 15．A．intervals B．cost C．mercy D．best (22-23高一下·上海交大附中·期末) The Book of the Millennium When I was a graduate student in Oxford many years ago, I shared a house with a brilliant German sinologist (汉学家). Many visitors would pop into our house, and one night around the kitchen table I met a(n) 1 character. His name was David Hawkes. A(n) 2 linguist, he directed Japanese codebreakers in his early twenties, during World War II. Later, as a teacher, he did wonderful translation of Songs of the South (楚辞), part of a poetic tradition earlier than anything that has 3 in the West. Then he became a professor of Chinese at Oxford, but, as he put it, “I resigned in order to 4 my time to translating a Chinese novel…Well, the Chinese novel.” The book was Dream of the Red Chamber, written by Cao Xueqin. British 5 Anthony West wrote in The New Yorkerin 1958 that the novel is to Chinese literature “very much what The Brothers Karamazov is to Russian and Remembrance of Things Past is to French literature” and that “it is 6 one of the great novels of all literature.” Hawkes eventually completed his great endeavor, with the help of his son-in-law John Minford, who 7 the last two volumes of the five, which were published by Penguin between 1973 and 1986. Hawkes’ translation was 8 as an introduction to a “masterpiece”. Dream of the Red Chamber was written in the 1750s “by a great artist with his very lifeblood,” said Hawkes. It is full of 9 detail of the social, cultural and spiritual life of the time. Studying it for non-Chinese readers has never perhaps been more useful. At a time when 10 of Chinese culture and identity is increasingly necessary because of the country’s new international role, getting insights into the heart of Chinese culture through a novel 11 recognized as one of the most influential produced in the Chinese language would seem as uncontroversial statement. Cao’s work while seen as essentially local and Chinese, is about 12 and the nature of human experience. That transcends the 13 of a particular language and context in which the novel is set. The book as it stands in the Penguin version runs to 2500 pages — twice as long as War and Peace. 14 at first because of the large number of characters and their difficult names (to a non-Chinese reader). But once you are into it, it is a book into which the reader can completely 15 themselves; it is like anything else in all of literature. 1．A．arrogant B．fascinating C．humorous D．responsible 2．A．decisive B．frustrated C．generous D．talented 3．A．copied B．launched C．revised D．survived 4．A．addict B．devote C．expose D．reduce 5．A．critic B．critical C．criticism D．criticize 6．A．beyond question B．in doubt C．in question D．out of the question 7．A．gathered B．bought C．sold D．translated 8．A．approved B．appointed C．elected D．greeted 9．A．boring B．fake C．imaginary D．incredible 10．A．appreciation B．definition C．determination D．opposition 11．A．barely B．critically C．specially D．universally 12．A．humanity B．modernity C．personality D．sincerity 13．A．boundaries B．circles C．perspectives D．spaces 14．A．Never-ending B．Hard-going C．Labor-saving D．Record-breaking 15．A．change B．immerse C．persuade D．reduce (23-24高一下·上海建平中学·期末) Deepfake Are Deeply Troubling A recent video on the internet has Coco Lee, who died last year, talking to her fans and saying, “From the moment I left this world, I can always feel your endless love and support.” The video looked 1 , but it was a “deepfake” created by AI. AI has 2 to the point where it has become difficult to distinguish what is real from what isn’t. These types of deepfakes are now all over the internet where we see people, usually celebrities and politicians, saying things which they didn’t really say. One “deepfake” has Taylor Swift 3 a brand of cookware. Some “creative” person used AI to manipulate (操控) her image and 4 to make it appear that she were speaking for the product. But there is a more 5 trend in deepfakes that has become more prevalent (普遍的). As with the Coco Lee deepfake, there are people using AI to “resurrect (复活)” their lost loved ones and 6 them. In one recent high-profile case you’re probably aware of, the famous musician Bao Xiaobo used AI to “resurrect” his daughter, who died at the age of twenty-two. With the technology, he is able to talk to her and ask her questions. Though he knew it was fake, he didn’t 7 because he missed her very much. The 8 consequences of not “letting go” of a loved one can be serious. It may cause a person to live in a fantasy world instead of accepting the healthy and necessary process of grieving and 9 with his or her life. 10 , there is a legal aspect to AI deepfakes which has yet to be thoroughly considered. Can a dead person’s image be manipulated to say things which they didn’t say and wouldn’t have said if they were 11 ? Can a person’s image be copyrighted to prevent this from happening? These are some of the questions that 12 will have to consider, and courts will have to decide. In 1931, the British author Aldous Huxley wrote a novel called Brave New World, which was about a future 13 by technology. In many ways we are living in this “Brave New World” and are 14 our “humanity” with all its faults, virtues and limitations. I’m sorry that Coco Lee is gone, and I’m sorry that Tino Bao’s daughter is gone, but grieving is a part of life, and grief, as they say, is the 15 for love. 1．A．interesting B．affectionate C．joyful D．authentic 2．A．sweated B．certified C．progressed D．reacted 3．A．crafting B．promoting C．sampling D．releasing 4．A．identity B．weight C．mind D．voice 5．A．disturbing B．outstanding C．struggling D．entertaining 6．A．look after B．bring up C．interact with D．benefit from 7．A．regret B．admit C．participate D．care 8．A．ethical B．psychological C．imaginary D．financial 9．A．putting up B．coming down C．moving on D．ending up 10．A．Relatively B．Consequently C．Likely D．Additionally 11．A．conscious B．alive C．present D．mindful 12．A．scientists B．creators C．applicants D．lawmakers 13．A．threatened B．innovated C．inhabited D．dominated 14．A．bombarding B．modifying C．losing D．replacing 15．A．signal B．price C．mission D．foundation (23-24高一下·上海复旦附中·期末) In Dad’s Army, a British sitcom(情景喜剧) about a home-defense Force, Sergeant (中士) Wilson would often  cast doubt on his commander’s various orders with the phrase “Do you think that’s wise, sir?” His doubt, although  often ignored, was usually 1 . Many employees must be tempted to imitate Sgt. Wilson when they see their bosses headed down the wrong track. But caution often leads workers to keep silent for fear of appearing foolish and offensive and 2 being at high risk of losing their jobs. A culture of silence can be dangerous, argues a new book The Fearless Organization, by Amy Edmondson, a professor at Harvard Business School. Some of her cases are from the 3 industry, where staff felt too powerless to make any changes due to their ranks. One was its deadliest accident: a crash between two Boeing-747s in the Canary Islands occurred in 1977 when a co-pilot felt unable to 4 his captain into changing the decision to take off. Another case was that of the Columbia space shuttle in 2003; an engineer who may have diagnosed damage to the shuttle’s wing before the flight felt unable to speak as he was “too 5 ” at NASA． In a corporate culture based on 6 and obedience, it may appear that targets are being achieved. But in the long run the effect is likely to be counterproductive (适得其反的). Studies show that fear 7 learning. And when faced with a problem, scared workers find ways of 8 it or getting around it with inefficient practices. The solution is to create an atmosphere of “psychological safety” whereby workers can speak their minds. It does not mean that workers, or their ideas, are 9 criticism, or that they should complain continuously. In a sense, this method is the 10 of Toyota’s “lean manufacturing” process, which allows any worker who spots a problem to stop the production line. Pixar, the production firm, created what it called a “Braintrust” to give 11 to film directors. The rules were that advice should be constructive and about the idea, not the person, and that filmmakers should not be 12 in response. And psychological safety is not about whistleblowing (检举). Indeed, if an employee feels the need to act as a whistleblower by speaking to external 13 , it suggests employers have not created an environment within the firm where criticism can be 14 . Nor is such a culture only about safety or avoiding mistakes. As mundane (单调的) tasks are automated, and workers rely on computers for data analysis, the added value of humans will stem from their 15 . But as Ms. Edmondson’s book demonstrates, it is hard to be either constructive or creative if you are not confident about speaking out. 1．A．justifiable B．pointless C．inevitable D．ridiculous 2．A．on the whole B．in conclusion C．as a result D．on the contrary 3．A．airline B．manufacturing C．service D．advertising 4．A．weigh B．reason C．applaud D．channel 5．A．offensive B．ambitious C．aggressive D．humble 6．A．imitation B．fear C．efficiency D．competition 7．A．motivates B．facilitates C．maintains D．prevents 8．A．spoiling B．polishing C．masking D．exploiting 9．A．subject to B．immune from C．concerned with D．dependent on 10．A．equivalent B．object C．argument D．criticism 11．A．priority B．motivation C．access D．feedback 12．A．optimistic B．objective C．defensive D．passive 13．A．authorities B．elements C．networks D．whistleblowers 14．A．rejected B．eliminated C．voiced D．questioned 15．A．competitiveness B．inventiveness C．carefulness D．selflessness (23-24高一下·上海宝山区·期末) Perhaps no issue attracts more senior leadership attention than growth does, and for good reason. 1 in gains and profits is the standard by which we tend to measure the competitive fitness and health of companies. Analysts, investors, and boards are especially concerned about growth 2 to get insight into stock prices. 3 are attracted to faster-growing companies because they offer better opportunities for advancement and higher pay. Suppliers prefer faster-growing customers because working with them improves their own growth prospects. While sustained profitable growth is a nearly universal goal, it is a(n) 4 one for many companies. Many researches conducted on the long-term patterms of growth in U.S.corporations suggest that when inflation is 5 , most companies barely grow. 6 in an analysis of 10,897 publicly held U.S.companies from 1976 to 2019, researchers found that firms in the top quartile grew at an inflation-adjusted average of 11.8% per year, but those in the lower three quartiles experienced little or no growth (0.3%, 0.03%, and 0.5%, respectively). And the majority of firms in the top quartile were unable to 7 superior growth performance for more than a few years. Over the past two decades, I have tried to understand why some companies are effective at sustaining growth. I have found that while the usual explanations, such as market forces and technological changes do play a role, many companies’ growth problems are done by themselves. 8 , firms approach growth in a highly reactive, opportunistic manner. When market demand is booming, they throw resources at developing new capacity, and build out organizational infrastructure without thinking through the 9 — for example, whether their operating systems and processes can scale, how rapid growth might affect corporate culture and what would happen if demand slows. In the process of chasing growth, companies can easily destroy the things that made them 10 in the first place, such as their capacity for innovation, their great customer service, or their unique cultures. 1．A．Attention B．Leadership C．Growth D．Insight 2．A．requirements B．prospects C．struggles D．developments 3．A．Bosses B．Investors C．Employees D．Producers 4．A．difficult B．achievable C．inevitable D．easy 5．A．based on B．tracked down C．equipped with D．taken into account 6．A．For instance B．On the contrary C．As a result D．What’s more 7．A．improve B．sustain C．recognize D．decline 8．A．Respectively B．Ultimately C．Specifically D．Reasonably 9．A．benefits B．opportunities C．technologies D．implications 10．A．typical B．technical C．happy D．successful (22-23高一下·上海复旦附中·期末) Background noise—like the chatter in a coffee shop or the drone of passing traffic—might slow our reading speed, but according to a study of Russian readers, it doesn’t 1 how our brain understands written text. 2 , if you’re wondering whether you should be listening to podcasts or music while working, the study has some interesting points to make. In particular, it examined how we might change our reading style to compensate for auditory noise and visual distractions such as typos or poor formatting. “Overall, previous studies reported a harmful effect of both auditory and visual noise on reading fluency and 3 , though their results varied,” write linguistics researcher Nina Zdorova and colleagues. “So far, none of the studies exploring the influence of noise 4 it in the framework of the language processing theories.” One of the language processing theories examined was the noisy channel model, which proposes that our brain deals with noise by looking at the meaning of 5 words more and at entire sentences less. We then use a bit of smart guesswork to 6 the overall meaning and relationships between words. The second theory is the good enough model; that’s when our brains aren’t analyzing every single detail of a text but instead only grabbing enough words for a ‘good enough’ understanding. By focusing less on the precise words, our brains can 7 some cognitive resources to deal with noise. To see how reading was affected by noise 8 these models, the researchers ran two experiments: one on auditory noise (71 participants) and one on visual noise (70 participants). When it came to the auditory noise test, background chatter from overlapping podcasts caused people to spend longer looking at the key section of sentences before completing their reading. This extra time could 9 the noise, meaning sentence comprehension isn’t affected by it. In the visual noise test, comprehension remained the same while reading speed 10 . That’s a bit 11 considering previous studies, but the researchers think people just wanted to finish the task, with the visual noise an uncomfortable distraction. “In both experiments, we observed that longer total reading time was 12 with an accuracy increase for incorrect sentences,” write the researchers. There’s a lot going on in this study, but overall it’s a bigger win for the good-enough language processing theory and an indication that auditory and visual noise doesn’t make us 13 any more or less on any particular comprehension method while we’re reading. With so many variables to measure in terms of what’s being read and what the 14 noise is, further study is required to learn more. 15 potential distractions may not interrupt your reading as much as you think. 1．A．reinforce B．estimate C．affect D．interpret 2．A．First of all B．For example C．Above all D．To start with 3．A．context B．efficiency C．comprehension D．device 4．A．evaluated B．identified C．established D．employed 5．A．individual B．different C．new D．unfamiliar 6．A．confirm B．imply C．refer D．infer 7．A．exploit B．spare C．commit D．consume 8．A．on account of B．regardless of C．in regard to D．in contrast to 9．A．make up for B．live up to C．catch up with D．put up with 10．A．declined B．shrank C．expanded D．increased 11．A．embarrassing B．depressing C．puzzling D．annoying 12．A．associated B．compared C．replaced D．mixed 13．A．take B．set C．rely D．base 14．A．accompanying B．strange C．deafening D．distant 15．A．Therefore B．However C．Instead D．Otherwise (22-23高一下·上海实验·期末) We have no idea what the job market will look like in 2050. It is generally agreed that machine learning and robotics will 1 almost every line of work — from producing yoghurt to teaching yoga. 2 , there are conflicting views about the nature of the change and its urgency. Some believe that within only a decade or two, billions of people will become 3 redundant (多余的). Others think that, even in the long run 4 will keep creating new jobs and will provide greater future for all. So, are we really facing a terrifying sudden change, or are such 5 meant to attract people’s attention? It is hard to say. Fears that automation will create considerable 6 go back to the 19’century, and so far they have never come true. Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, for every job lost to a machine at least one new job was 7 , and the average standard of living has increased greatly. Yet, there are good reasons to think that this time is different, and that machine learning will be a real 8 . Humans have two types of abilities — physical and cognitive (认知的). In the past, machines competed with humans mainly in 9 abilities, while humans still had a great advantage over machines in cognitive. 10 , as physical jobs in agriculture and industry were automated, new service jobs appeared that required the kind of cognitive skills only humans possess. They include learning, 11 , communicating and, above all else, understanding human emotions. However, AI is now beginning to 12 humans in more and more of these skills, including the understanding of human emotions. We don’t know of any third field of activity — beyond the physical and the cognitive — where humans will always have a secure 13 . It is important to realize that AI revolution is not just about computers getting faster and smarter. It is also one that is being 14 by our breakthroughs in the life sciences and the social sciences as well. The better we understand the biochemical mechanisms (机制) that support human desires and choices, the better computers can become at analyzing human emotions, predicting human decisions, and 15 human drivers, bankers and lawyers. 1．A．carve B．change C．replace D．threaten 2．A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Likewise 3．A．economically B．psychologically C．environmentally D．socially 4．A．urbanization B．cooperation C．competition D．automation 5．A．outcomes B．forecasts C．excuses D．reflections 6．A．damage B．emergency C．production D．unemployment 7．A．dumped B．shelved C．created D．testified 8．A．trouble-maker B．time-saver C．game-changer D．truth-seeker 9．A．physical B．mental C．social D．mathematical 10．A．By contrast B．For example C．As a result D．In addition 11．A．analyzing B．copying C．walking D．measuring 12．A．go in for B．make do with C．turn away from D．catch up with 13．A．environment B．connection C．estimation D．advantage 14．A．dampened B．defined C．fueled D．doubted 15．A．appealing B．replacing C．standardizing D．diversifying (22-23高一下·上海曹二附中·期末) If you survey American parents about what they want for their kids, more than 90 percent say one of their top priorities is that their children be caring. This makes sense: Kindness and concern for others are held as 1 in nearly every society. But when you ask children what their parents 2 for them, 81 percent say their parents value achievement and happiness over caring. Kids learn what’s important to adults not by listening to what we say, but by 3 what gets our attention. And in many developed societies, parents now pay more attention to individual achievement and happiness than anything else. However much we 4 kindness and caring, we’re not actually showing our kids that we value these traits (特点). Perhaps we shouldn’t be surprised, then, that kindness appears to be 5 . An analysis of annual surveys of American college students showed a substantial drop from 1979 to 2009 in imagining the 6 of others. It’s not just that people care less; they seem to be 7 less, too. In one experiment, a sociologist left behind thousands of what appeared to be lost letters in dozens of American cities in 2001, and again in 2011. From the first round to the second one, the proportion of letters that was 8 by helpful passersby and put in a mailbox declined by 10 percent. Psychologists find that kids born after 1995 are just as likely as their parents to 9 that other people experiencing difficulty should be helped — but they feel less personal responsibility to take action themselves. 10 , they are less likely to donate to charity, or even to express an interest in doing so. If we truly care less about one another, some of the blame lies with the values parents have 11 . In our own lives, we’ve observed many fellow parents becoming so focused on achievement that they fail to cultivate kindness. They seem to regard their children’s successes as a personal badge (徽章) of honor and their children’s failures as a(n) 12 reflection on their own parenting. Other parents unconsciously 13 kindness, seeing it as a source of weakness in a fiercely competitive world. But there’s no reason parents can’t teach their kids to care about others and themselves — to be both 14 and self-respecting. If you encourage children to consider the needs and feelings of others, sometimes they will and sometimes they won’t. But they’ll soon learn that if you don’t 15 others considerately, they may not be considerate toward you. And those around you will be less likely to be considerate of one another, too. 1．A．miracles B．aspects C．virtues D．schedules 2．A．want B．make C．change D．buy 3．A．answering B．wondering C．challenging D．noticing 4．A．praise B．research C．forget D．link 5．A．of significance B．out of order C．on exhibit D．in decline 6．A．studies B．perspectives C．careers D．backgrounds 7．A．thinking B．doing C．helping D．learning 8．A．left off B．taken over C．set aside D．picked up 9．A．doubt B．recall C．object D．believe 10．A．In addition B．By contrast C．For example D．To date 11．A．criticized B．elevated C．assessed D．impacted 12．A．accurate B．admiring C．mental D．negative 13．A．promote B．understand C．distinguish D．discourage 14．A．creative B．initiative C．generous D．idealistic 15．A．consider B．treat C．hear D．observe (22-23高一下·上海交大附中·期末) AN UNLIKELY HERO Miep Gies was a recently married young office worker living in Amsterdam in 1942. As German occupiers tightened their grip on the city, Gies’s boss, Otto Frank, asked her to hide him and his family from the Nazis, who were sending Jews to concentration camps. For the next two years, Gies 1 her life daily to smuggle food to the Franks and four others concealed in secret rooms above Otto’s business. When she could no longer protect the family-when the Nazis finally came and took them away in 1944—Gies kept their story alive by saving Anne Frank’s 2 . She’s the reason the world has The Diary of a Young Girl. Later in Gies’s life, people called her heroic. Believing she simply did what she could in evil times, she is said to have made this 3 : “Even an ordinary secretary or a housewife or a teenager can, within their own small ways, turn on a small light in a dark room.” A Small Light tells Gies’s story in an eight-part mini-series shot in Amsterdam and Prague. In interviews on location, its creators and actors 4 on why Gies remains an inspiration. “ 5 most of us are familiar with the diary, what was going on outside the annex...is the mystery,” says Tony Phelan, who with wife Joan Rater headed the project. Rater adds to that idea: “What does hiding people mean on a day-to-day 6 ? Miep said yes to Otto Frank, and then you have to say yes every day afterwards, even when it’s hard, even when you’re sick, even when you don’t want to. And that, to me the everyday drudgery of it all, is quite dramatic.” Phelan and Rater, married for 30 years, created, executive produced, and wrote the miniseries after six years of research. It was a 1995 7 , Anne Frank Remembered, that initially 8 their interest, and they visited the Anne Frank House, the museum established where the Franks once hid. After descending its 9 , narrow stairs—as Ann had—Rater noticed a girl doing cartwheels(侧手翻) outside. For A Small Light, Rater turned that memory of a girl’s carefree spirit into a flashback scene: Anne in 1941, on Miep and Jan Gies’s wedding day. She’s skipping, excited over the romantic ceremony. Then within a year, her life would be 10 but fear. One bright spot for Anne was visits from Gies, who 11 supplies by bicycle. Actress Bel Powley plays Gies and, to get into her character’s mindset, retraced those journeys. “Tony and Joan gave me all these cool maps so that I could cycle Miep’s 12 ,” she says. Powley, who is Jewish, felt the 13 of telling this story, especially as the shoot neared its end. The girl who wanted to be a famous writer became one, of course. Still, no one would ever read 14 that began “Dear Kitty” had Gies not gathered the scattered papers and the diary with the red-checkered cover and later given them to Otto, the family’s sole survivor. The Miep Gieses of the world—the small lights, the extraordinary ordinary people who did something, who pushed back against tyranny, who pushed back against authoritarians, who pushed back against fascists—remembering what they accomplished, I think, gives us some 15 on what we can accomplish.” 1．A．sacrificed B．saved C．rescued D．risked 2．A．jewellery B．journal C．journey D．justice 3．A．declaration B．release C．response D．statement 4．A．concentrated B．emphasize C．reflected D．relied 5．A．As B．If C．Until D．While 6．A．base B．basis C．foundation D．scale 7．A．documentary B．history C．memory D．victory 8．A．spared B．sparked C．stacked D．steered 9．A．slim B．steady C．steep D．stubborn 10．A．anything B．everything C．nothing D．something 11．A．fed B．ferried C．fetched D．filled 12．A．road B．role C．round D．route 13．A．passion B．regret C．urge D．weight 14．A．articles B．chapters C．columns D．entries 15．A．perspective B．potential C．promise D．prospect 试卷第18页，共18页 试卷第17页，共18页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$