专题02 选词填空（优选上海名校真题）（上海专用）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末真题分类汇编

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 专题02 选词填空（优选上海名校真题） (23-24高一下·上海交大附中·期末) A．overemphasized      B．diverse    C． promoting     D．resources       E. critical F. normalization    G. embrace    H. shaping    I. affordable   J. decorated   K. questioning Cosmetic surgery has become increasingly popular in modern society, offering individuals the opportunity to enhance their physical appearance through various procedures. However, people’s attitudes towards cosmetic surgery are   1 and complex, reflecting a range of beliefs and values. One common attitude towards cosmetic surgery is the acceptance and 2 of it. With advancements in medical technology and the rise of social media influencers 3 beauty standards, more people view cosmetic surgery as a valid means of self-improvement. For some, undergoing plastic surgery is similar to getting a haircut or going to the gym — a personal choice to enhance one’s confidence and self-esteem. On the other hand, there is a segment of society that holds a more   4 view of cosmetic surgery. Some individuals believe that altering one’s appearance through surgery perpetuates unrealistic beauty standards and 5 physical appearance. They argue that true beauty comes from within and that society should focus on advocating self-acceptance and body positivity. Additionally, there is a subset of people who view cosmetic surgery as a luxury 6 only to the wealthy and privileged. Some argue that   7 should be allocated towards more essential healthcare needs rather than cosmetic enhancements. Furthermore, cultural and religious beliefs play a significant role in 8 attitudes towards cosmetic surgery. In some cultures, altering one’s appearance through surgery may be seen as taboo or challenge to traditional values. Overall, people’s attitudes towards cosmetic surgery are influenced by a variety of factors including societal norms, personal values, cultural beliefs, and economic considerations. While some 9 cosmetic surgery as a tool for self-improvement and enhancing confidence, others view it with skepticism, 10 its impact on beauty standards and societal priorities. Ultimately, the choice to undergo cosmetic surgery is a personal decision that reflects individual attitudes and values towards beauty and self-image in today’s society. 【答案】 1．B 2．F 3．C 4．E 5．A 6．I 7．D 8．H 9．G 10．K 【导语】本文的体裁属于说明文。文章主要介绍了现代社会中人们对整形手术的不同态度及其背后的原因，包括社会文化因素、个人价值观、经济条件等。 1．考查形容词。句意：然而，人们对整形手术的态度是多样和复杂的，反映了各种信仰和价值观。结合上下文，此处需要一个形容词修饰名词attitudes“态度”，且表达出“多样的”的含义，用形容词diverse，作定语。故选B。 2．考查名词。句意：人们对整容手术的普遍态度是接受并将其正常化。此处与acceptance“接受”并列，作表语，且需要表达“规范化，正规化”的意思，用名词normalization。故选F。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着医疗技术的进步和社交媒体影响者推动美容标准的提升，越来越多的人将整形手术视为自我提升的有效手段。逗号前为with复合结构，此处描述社交媒体影响者在“提升”美容标准方面的作用，用promote“提升”的现在分词，作宾补。故选C。 4．考查形容词。句意：另一方面，社会上有一部分人对整形手术持更为批判性的看法。此处需要一个形容词来修饰名词view“观点”，表达“批判性”的含义，因此用形容词critical，作定语。故选E。 5．考查形容词。句意：一些人认为通过手术来改变一个人的外表会延续不现实的美丽标准和过分强调身体的外表。此处需要一个形容词，表示“过份强调的”的意思，用形容词overemphasized，作定语，修饰physical appearance。故选A。 6．考查形容词。句意：此外，还有一小部分人认为整容手术是只有富人和特权阶层才能负担得起的奢侈品。此处需要一个形容词，修饰名词luxury“奢侈品”，表达“买得起的，负担得起的”之意，用形容词affordable，作后置定语。故选I。 7．考查名词。句意：一些人认为，资源应该被分配到更基本的医疗需求上，而不是用于整形美容。此处需要一个名词，指代应当被重新分配的东西，即“资源”，用名词resource的复数resources。故选D。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，文化和宗教信仰在塑造对整形手术的态度上起着重要作用。此处需要一个动词，表达“塑造、影响”的意思，用动词shape的动名词形式，作in的宾语。故选H。 9．考查动词。句意：虽然有些人接受整容手术，将其作为自我提升和增强自信的工具，但也有人持怀疑态度，质疑它对审美标准和社会优先事项的影响。由空后的“cosmetic surgery as a tool for self-improvement and enhancing confidence”可知，此处需要一个动词表达“欣然接受，乐意采纳”的意思，用动词embrace，作从句谓语。故选G。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然有些人接受整容手术，将其作为自我提升和增强自信的工具，但也有人持怀疑态度，质疑它对审美标准和社会优先事项的影响。view为主句谓语，本空需要非谓语动词动词，此处需要一个现在分词形式，表达“质疑”的意思，用question的现在分词questioning，作状语。故选K。 (23-24高一下·上海师大闵行附中·期末) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．demonstration        B．conversation        C． escaped            D．marching        E. campaigning F. reluctantly            G. absorbing            H. participated        I. prohibited        J. completely K. exhaustion The summer heat has reached its breaking point for a group of high school students in Wales, as the boys decided to protest their school’s strict uniform policy which 1 wearing shorts no matter what weather, by showing up to school in skirts. After they 2 to the bathroom to change into all-black skirts, seventeen White church High School students emerged wearing skirts on campus, and they 3 in the campaign to resist the customary uniform trousers. The boys’ 4 was less an act of politically urged civil disobedience than it was a way to beat the heat. While none of the boys were punished for their protesting efforts, the movement was short-lived. After proudly 5 into the headmaster’s office shouting “we want to wear shorts”, they were quickly ordered to change back into trousers. “We had a 6 with some boys and they have worn trousers,” said Principal Jones Williams. Protester Tyrone Evelyn, 15, told Wales Online that the group would continue 7 for a change. “It’s just appropriate for the weather. Over the last few days I’ve had a few headaches and skin irritations. Girls can wear skirts, so I don’t see why we can’t wear shorts. It’s a reasonable protest.” The boys 8 agreed to write a letter to their Students’ Union, applying for a rule change by next summer. Heat 9 and heat stroke are the two most common illnesses that occur when temperature rises. According to Mayo Clinic, wearing loose-fitting and light-colored clothing helps protected person from trapping sweat or 10 too much heat. 【答案】 1．I 2．C 3．H 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．E 8．J 9．K 10．G 【导语】本文的体裁属于新闻报道。文章简洁明了地报道了一群威尔士高中生通过穿裙子来抗议学校校服政策，要求允许在炎热天气穿短裤的事件，以及事件的结果。 1．考查动词时态。句意：对于威尔士的一群高中生来说，夏天的炎热已经到了极限，男孩们决定穿裙子去上学，以抗议学校严格的校服政策——无论什么天气都禁止穿短裤。此处为定语从句谓语动词，表示“禁止”穿短裤，且由上文谓语decided可知，事情发生在过去，which引导的定语从句时态用一般过去时，因此用prohibit“禁止”的过去式prohibited。故选I项。 2．考查动词时态。句意：在他们逃到浴室换上全黑的裙子后，17名白人教会高中的学生穿着裙子出现在校园里，他们参加了抵制传统制服裤子的运动。此处为时间状语从句谓语动词，根据语境，他们需要去洗手间换上全黑的裙子，因此应该是“逃到”洗手间去换衣服，且由主句谓语emerged可知，事情发生在过去，从句时态用一般过去时，用escape“逃离”的过去式escaped。故选C项。 3．考查动词时态。句意：在他们逃到浴室换上全黑的裙子后，17名白人教会高中的学生穿着裙子出现在校园里，他们参加了抵制传统制服裤子的运动。此处为谓语动词，由in the campaign可知，他们参加了抵制传统校服裤子的运动，且由并列谓语emerged可知，事情发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，因此用participate“参加”的过去式participated。participate in“参加”为固定搭配。故选H项。 4．考查名词。句意：男孩们的这一行为与其说是一场政治驱动的公民抗命行动，不如说是一种应对高温的方式。由The boys’可知，此处需要一个名词，作为句子的主语，表示“行为”或“示威”，因此用demonstration“示威”。故选A项。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们骄傲地走进校长办公室，喊着“我们要穿短裤”，但很快就被要求换回长裤。介词After后需要一个动名词形式，与“into the headmaster’s office”搭配，表示一种动态的进入方式，因此用march的动名词marching，march into“行进，进入”为固定搭配。故选D项。 6．考查名词。句意：校长琼斯·威廉姆斯说：“我们和一些男孩进行了交谈，现在他们已经穿回了长裤。”由空前的a可知，此处需要一个名词，表示“交谈”，作为had的宾语，因用名词conversation“交谈，谈话”。故选B项。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：抗议者Tyrone Evelyn，15岁，告诉Wales Online，这群人会继续为改变而运动。continue doing sth.“继续做某事”，且此处需要一个动名词形式，表示“参与活动，运动”，因此用campaign“参加运动”的动名词campaigning。故选E项。 8．考查副词。句意：男孩们完全同意给学生会写一封信，申请在明年夏天之前改变规定。这里需要一个副词来修饰“同意”，因此用completely“完全地”，作状语。故选J项。 9．考查名词。句意：热衰竭和中暑是气温升高时最常见的两种疾病。由空后的when temperature rises可知，这里表示由于高温而造成的疾病，heat exhaustion表示“热衰竭”，是一种因长时间暴露在高温环境中而引起的疾病，用名词exhaustion。故选K项。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据Mayo Clinic的说法，穿宽松和浅色的衣服有助于保护人们不出汗或吸收过多的热量。protect...from...“保护……免受……的影响”。根据空前的or可知，本空用动名词，与空前的trapping并列，作from的宾语，用absorb“吸收”的动名词absorbing。故选G项。 (23-24高一下·上海浦东东昌中学·期末) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．topic      B．developed      C． arguably     D．increasingly     E. repeated     F. events G. shares     H. individual     I. influenced     J. appeals          K. literary Poetry is a kind of writing in which the sound and meaning of groups of words express ideas or emotion in addition to the experiences or strong feelings the writer 1 . Unlike most other forms of writing, poetry is often written in lines, rather than paragraphs. Poetry also sounds different from other forms of writing, often using rhythm and rhyme to create an interesting sound when read aloud. Poetry catches the attention of a reader because it 2 to both emotions and senses. Sound is 3 the single most important aspect of any poem. The sound that any given word makes, or the sounds that come from specific groups of words used together, are what make poetry so unique as a form of writing. A typical story or report does not focus on the sounds that each 4 word makes when read. But poems generally contain few words, so it is important that each word plays a role in making an impact on the reader. Rhythm is the flow of sounds created by successive words in a poem. When you read a poem you can often hear this 5 pattern, or “beat” in the sounds. This is called meter. Some of the oldest and best-known poetry in the world came from Ancient Greece. As far back as 700 BCE, poets there recited their work at public 6 and religious ceremonies. The great epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey by Homer came from Greece. The Greeks eventually 7 Roman poets, such as Virgil, who wrote the Aeneid 30 BCE. In medieval times, poems such as Beowulf, The Divine Comedy by Dante. and The Canterbury Tales by Chaucer were written. Religion and romance became the 8 of choice for many poets at that time. Poetry 9 even more during the Renaissance period of history, an era of many great cultural achievements. This was the period during which Shakespeare, the most well-known poet, was making his mark! Needless to say, a trend had started. Poetry has continued to grow and change as a form of 10 expression in modern times. 【答案】 1．G 2．J 3．C 4．H 5．E 6．F 7．I 8．A 9．B 10．K 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了诗歌的写作特点以及历史发展。 1．考查动词。句意：诗歌是一种写作，在这种写作中，除了作者所共有的经历或强烈的感情之外，还通过一组词的音意来表达思想或情感。根据“the experiences or strong feelings the writer”以及句意“共享”可知应填动词share，作谓语，根据上文is可知为一般现在时，主语为单数名词，谓语用三单形式。故选G。 2．考查动词。句意：诗歌能吸引读者的注意力，因为它既能吸引人的情感，又能吸引人的感官。根据“Poetry catches the attention of a reader”以及句意“吸引”可知应填appeal，为一般现在时，主语为it，谓语用三单形式。故选J。 3．考查副词。句意：声音可以说是任何诗歌中最重要的一个方面。根据“the single most important aspect of any poem”以及句意“可以说”可知应填副词arguably，修饰动词。故选C。 4．考查形容词。句意：典型的故事或报道并不关注每个单词在阅读时发出的声音。根据“word makes when read”以及句意“单词”可知应填individual，修饰名词word。故选H。 5．考查形容词。句意：当你读一首诗的时候，你经常会听到这种重复的模式，或者声音中的“节拍”。根据“pattern, or “beat” in the sounds”以及句意“重复的”可知应填repeated，修饰名词pattern。故选E。 6．考查名词。句意：早在公元前700年，那里的诗人就在公共活动和宗教仪式上背诵他们的作品。根据“and religious ceremonies”以及句意“活动”可知应填复数名词events，故选F。 7．考查动词。句意：希腊人最终影响了罗马诗人，比如公元前30年写了《埃涅阿斯纪》的维吉尔。根据“such as Virgil, who wrote the Aeneid 30 BCE”以及句意“影响”可知应填动词influence，发生在过去，用一般过去时。故选I。 8．考查名词。句意：宗教和浪漫成为当时许多诗人选择的主题。根据“Religion and romance”以及句意“主题”可知应填名词topic，作表语。故选A。 9．考查动词。句意：诗歌在文艺复兴时期得到了更大的发展，这是一个有着许多伟大文化成就的时代。根据“an era of many great cultural achievements”以及句意“发展”可知应填动词develop，发生在过去，用一般过去时。故选B。 10．考查形容词。句意：诗歌作为一种文学表达形式在现代继续发展和变化。根据“Poetry has continued to grow and change as a form of”以及句意“文学”可知应填形容词literary，修饰名词expression。故选K。 (23-24高一下·上海复旦附中·期末) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．absent B．flood C． bound D．indistinguishable E. polishing F. strikingly G. consequently H. command I. engaged J. differing K. critically Rhinoceros horns(犀牛角) are big business. Traditional Chinese medicine uses them to treat rheumatism and gout, even though they have no actual pharmaceutical properties beyond placebo(安慰剂). And craftsmen carve them into dagger handles. A kilogram can thus 1 as much as $60,000, so there is tremendous incentive for poachers to hunt the animals. Since almost all rhinoceros populations are endangered, several 2 , this is a serious problem. Some conservationists therefore suggest that a way to reduce pressure on the animals might be to 3 the market with fakes. This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns and 4 , the motivation to hunt rhinos. That would require the fake s to be good. But Fritz Vollrath, a zoologist at Oxford University, thinks his skills as a forger(伪造者) are up to the challenge. As he writes in Scientific Reports, he and his colleagues from Fudan University, in Shanghai, have come up with a cheap and easy-to-make fake 5 similar to the real thing. The main ingredient of Dr. Vollrath’s forged horns is horsehair. Despite their 6 appearances, horses and rhinos are reasonably closely related. Horses do not have horns, of course. But, technically, neither do rhinos. The “horns” of rhinoceros are composed of hairs 7 tightly together using a mixture of dead cells. Examination under a microscope showed that hairs collected from horses’ tails had similar features to those found in the horns of rhinos except that horse hairs had a special layer 8 in those of the rhino, but the researchers were able to remove this with a solution of lithium bromide.(溴化锂溶液) They bundled the treated horse hairs as tightly as they could in a matrix of a special glue, and then left the bundles in an oven to dry. The result was a rough material that, with some 9 , looked like rhino horn. Whether to launch 10 fakes onto the rhinoceros-horn market would truly reduce prices and demand remains to be tested. But it might. It is an old trick in warfare to leave the enemy with forged, worthless money. Something similar may yet help save the rhino. 【答案】 1．H 2．K 3．B 4．G 5．F 6．J 7．C 8．A 9．E 10．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了为了保护犀牛免受盗猎，科学家们正在研究如何制造仿制的犀牛角以扰乱市场，降低真犀牛角的价值和减少猎杀犀牛的动机。 1．考查动词。句意：因此，一公斤犀牛角可以要价高达60,000美元的价格，这给盗猎者带来了巨大的猎杀犀牛的动机。分析句子可知，空格处应填入一个动词，且能与as much as $60,000搭配，表示“要求，索取”的意思。command在此处意为“要求，索取”，符合句意。故选H项。 2．考查副词。句意：由于几乎所有的犀牛种群都处于濒危状态，有几种已经处于严重濒危状态，这是一个严重的问题。分析句子可知，这是一个独立主格结构，根据下文“this is a serious problem(这是一个严重的问题)”可知，空白处应填表示“严重地”含义的表达。critically意为“关键地，严重地”，在此处表示前因后果的关系，符合句意。故选K项。 3．考查动词。句意：因此，一些环保人士建议，减少对犀牛的压力的一种方法可能是用假货淹没市场。根据下文“This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns(他们希望这样能降低真正犀牛角的价值)”可知，空格处应填入一个动词，且能与the market搭配，表示“淹没，充斥”的意思。flood意为“淹没，充斥”，符合句意。故选B项。 4．考查副词。句意：他们希望，这会降低真犀牛角的价值，并因此降低猎杀犀牛的动机。根据上文“This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns(他们希望，这会降低真犀牛角的价值)”以及下文“the motivation to hunt rhinos(猎杀犀牛的动机)”可知，前后句之间为因果关系。consequently意为“因此”，作状语修饰谓语动词reduce，符合句意。故选G项。 5．考查副词。句意：他和他的同事在《科学报告》中写道，他们已经想出了一种廉价且易于制作的仿制品，与真品惊人地相似。根据下文“similar to the real thing(与真品相似)”可知，空格处应填入一个副词，用于修饰similar，表示“惊人地”的意思。strikingly意为“显著地，惊人地”，符合句意。故选F项。 6．考查形容词。句意：尽管马和犀牛的外表不同，但它们在进化上是相当接近的。根据下文“appearances(外表)”以及“horses and rhinos are reasonably closely related(马和犀牛在进化上是相当接近的)”可知，空格处应填入一个形容词，用于修饰appearances，表示“不同”的意思。differing意为“不同的”，符合句意。故选J项。 7．考查动词。句意：犀牛的“角”是由毛发紧紧地绑在一起组成的，使用的是死细胞的混合物。根据下文“tightly together using a mixture of dead cells(使用死细胞的混合物紧紧地……在一起)”可知，空格处应填入一个动词，且能与together搭配，表示“绑在一起”的意思。bound意为“绑定”，符合句意。故选C项。 8．考查形容词。句意：显微镜下的检查显示，从马尾收集的毛发与犀牛角中发现的特征相似，除了马毛有一层在犀牛角中缺失的特殊层。根据上文“except that horse hairs had a special layer(除了马毛有一层特殊层)”可知，空格处应填入一个形容词，用于修饰layer，表示“缺失”的意思。absent意为“不在场的，缺失的”，符合句意。故选A项。 9．考查动名词。句意：结果是一种粗糙的材料，经过一些打磨后，看起来像犀牛角。根据空白处下文“looked like rhino horn(看起来像犀牛角)”可知，空格处应填入一个动名词，用于表示材料变光滑的过程。polishing意为“打磨”，符合句意。故选E项。 10．考查形容词。句意：是否将无法区分的仿品投放到犀牛角市场会真正降低价格和需求还有待测试。根据空白处上文“looked like rhino horn(看起来像犀牛角)”可知，空格处应填入一个形容词，用于修饰fakes，表示“无法区分”的意思。indistinguishable意为“无法区分的”，符合句意。故选D项。 (23-24高一下·上海宝山区·期末) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A．average B．adapt C． consisting D．persistent E. exactly F. stuck G. failing H. extremely I. referred J. initial K. range From roughly the 16th to 19th centuries, much of the Earth was caught by a persistent freezing cold. During this time, the Northern Hemisphere (半球) experienced long stretches of temperatures so cold that people witnessed crops 1 and rivers freezing — like the Scheldt River. Thousands of people walking and playing across the frozen River Thames; Soldiers on horseback seeing ships 2 in the ice; Natives using snowshoes to outsmart the English army…These were some of the images that define the Little Ice Age — a period of several centuries last millennium in which parts of the Northern Hemisphere struggled with a(n) 3 cold. But what caused the Little Ice Age, how long did it last, how did people 4 to the freezing cold — and what lessons can we learn as we enter our own period of climatic change? The Little Ice Age was not a true ice age — 5 cooling was probably only in the order of 0.5 degrees Celsius, or 1 degree Fahrenheit — or was it consistently cold. Dagomar Degroot, associate professor of environmental history at Georgetown University has 6 to the era as a series of “little ice ages.” Although some researchers argue it may have begun earlier, NASA defines the Little Ice Age as beginning around 1550 and 7 of three cold peaks-around 1650,1770 and 1850. Scientists are still working out 8 what caused the Little Ice Age too. Theories 9 from decreased solar activity to increased volcanic eruptions, to the decline of populations in North America, which allowed forests to replace agricultural land, in the process removing about seven billion tons of carbon from the atmosphere. A 2022 study argued that the 10 trigger was actually a rise of extremely warm water flowing north from the tropics in the late 1300s,which pushed Arctic ice into the North Atlantic. Whatever the cause, the consequences of the Little Ice Age have a lasting effect on history, although to what extent is still controversial. 【答案】 1．G 2．F 3．D 4．B 5．A 6．I 7．C 8．E 9．K 10．J 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地球北半球的小冰河时期的情况。 1．考查动词。句意：在此期间，北半球经历了长时间的低温，人们目睹了庄稼歉收，河流冻结，比如斯海尔德河。根据“the Northern Hemisphere experienced long stretches of temperatures”以及句意“歉收”可知应填fail，此处为现在分词作宾补。故选G。 2．考查动词。句意：成千上万的人在结冰的泰晤士河上散步玩耍；马背上的士兵看见船陷在冰里；当地人用雪鞋智胜英国军队……根据“in the ice”以及句意“陷在”可知应填过去分词stuck，作宾补。故选F。 3．考查副词。句意：这些是定义小冰期的一些图像——在过去一千年的几个世纪里，北半球的部分地区与持续的寒冷作斗争。根据“These were some of the images that define the Little Ice Age — a period of several centuries last millennium”以及句意“持续的”可知应填形容词persistent，修饰名词cold。故选D。 4．考查动词。句意：但是，是什么导致了小冰期，它持续了多长时间，人们是如何适应寒冷的，当我们进入自己的气候变化时期时，我们能学到什么？根据“to the freezing cold”以及句意“适应”可知应填动词adapt，此处为特殊疑问句，应填原形。故选B。 5．考查形容词。句意：小冰河期并不是真正的冰河期——平均温度可能只有0.5摄氏度，或者1华氏度——或者它一直很冷。根据“nor was it consistently cold”以及句意“平均的”可知应填形容词average，修饰名词cooling。故选A。 6．考查动词。句意：乔治城大学环境史副教授达格马尔·德格鲁特把这个时代称为一系列的“小冰河期”。根据“to the era as a series of “little ice ages.””以及句意“称为”可知应填refer，根据has可知为现在完成时。故选I。 7．考查动词。句意：尽管一些研究人员认为它可能开始得更早，但美国宇航局将小冰川期定义为大约始于1550年，由三个寒冷的高峰组成——大约在1650年、1770年和1850年。根据“of three cold peaks-around 1650,1770 and 1850”以及句意“由……组成”可知应填consist，作介词as的宾语，应用动名词形式。故选C。 8．考查副词。句意：科学家们还在研究导致小冰河期的确切原因。根据“what caused the Little Ice Age too”以及句意“确切”可知应填副词exactly，作状语。故选E。 9．考查动词。句意：从太阳活动减少到火山爆发增加，再到北美人口的减少，这使得森林取代了农田，在这个过程中从大气中去除了大约70亿吨的碳。根据“from decreased solar activity to increased volcanic eruptions, to the decline of populations in North America”以及句意“范围变化”可知应填动词range，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语用原形。故选K。 10．考查形容词。句意：2022年的一项研究认为，最初的触发因素实际上是14世纪后期从热带向北流动的极暖水上升，将北极的冰推入北大西洋。根据“trigger was actually a rise of extremely warm water flowing north from the tropics in the late 1300s,which pushed Arctic ice into the North Atlantic”以及句意“最初的”可知应填形容词initial，作定语修饰名词trigger。故选J。 (23-24高一下·上海师大闵行附中·期末) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．critics        B．experimented        C．supply        D．sufficient        E．feed        F．resolve G．hazardous        H．novel                I．processed        J．produced        K．extinct The population of the world is increasing rapidly. By 2030, there could be 8.0 billion people on earth. Will there be 1 food for all these people, or will we have a food shortage? Some scientists think fish farming could 2 this problem. However, other scientists worry that fish farming could cause serious environmental problems. Fish farming is not a 3 thing. There were fish farms in China 3, 000 years ago. Today, about one-third of the fish we eat comes from fish farms. Most fish farms raise plant-eating fish. Popular kinds of plant-eating fish are carp, tilapia, and catfish. Unfortunately, many fish farms are starting to raise meat-eating fish. A popular type of meat-eating fish is salmon. These meat-eating fish live on 4 food made from wild fish. However, it takes up to 5 tons of wild fish to produce just 1 ton of farm-raised salmon. The 5 of wild fish is already decreasing. Eventually, many types of wild fish could go 6 . What will we do then? 7 of fish farming also say that farm-raised fish is unhealthy for humans. They say the fish contains dangerous chemicals. They also blame the issue on fish farming because it pollutes the water. Another criticism is that farm-raised fish can spread diseases to wild fish. Some people say that the farming methods being used now hasn’t 8 enough fish anyway. Instead of putting fish farms in lakes or near the coast, they say that the fish farms should be moved far out into the ocean. Several countries have already 9 with deep-ocean farms. In the future, fish farms might be large cages that move across the ocean. Like most things, there is both a good and a bad side to fish farming. Fish farming may help to 10 millions of people. At the same time, however, fish farming may damage the environment. 【答案】 1．D 2．F 3．H 4．I 5．C 6．K 7．A 8．J 9．B 10．E 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了世界人口增长和随之而来的潜在食物短缺问题，以及养鱼作为解决方案的利弊。 1．考查形容词。句意：到2030年，地球上可能将有80亿人口。会有足够的食物供给所有这些人吗，还是会发生食物短缺？根据后文“or will we have a food shortage(还是会发生食物短缺)”可知，此处应表示“足够的”，形容词。故选D项。 2．考查动词。句意：然而，其他科学家担心养鱼可能会引起严重的环境问题。根据前文“some scientists think fish farming could(其他科学家担心养鱼可能会)”以及下文“this problem(这一问题)”可知，此处应表示“解决”含义的动词。故选F项。 3．考查形容词。句意：养鱼不是一件新鲜事。根据前文“Fish farming is not a(养鱼不是一件)”和后文“There were fish farms in China 3, 000 years ago(三千多年前在中国就有渔场)”可知，此处应表示“新奇的，新颖的”，使用形容词作定语。故选H项。 4．考查动词。句意：不幸的是，许多养鱼场开始养殖食肉鱼类。一种受欢迎的食肉鱼类是鲑鱼。这些食肉鱼类以加工食物为食，这些食物由野生鱼类制成。根据后文“made from wild fish(由野生鱼类制成)”可知，此处应表示“加工”。故选I项。 5．考查名词。句意：然而，这需要多达5吨的野生鱼类才能生产出1吨的养鱼场养殖鲑鱼。根据后文“wild fish is already decreasing(野生鱼的……正在下降)”可知，此处应表示“供应”。故选C项。 6．考查形容词。句意：最终，许多野生鱼类可能会灭绝。根据上文“wild fish could go(野生鱼会……)”以及下文“What will we do then?(那个时候我们应该怎么办？)”可知，此处应表示“灭绝的”。故选K项。 7．考查名词。句意：养鱼的批评者还说，养鱼对人类来说是不健康的。根据后文“Another criticism is that farm-raised fish can spread diseases to wild fish (另一个批评是渔场养的鱼会将疾病传播至野生鱼)”可知，此处应表示“批评者”。故选A项。 8．考查动词。句意：然而，现在使用的方法还没有产生足够的鱼类。根据后文“enough fish (足够的鱼)”可知，此处应表示“产生”。故选J项。 9．考查动词。句意：几个国家已经在深海养殖场进行了实验。根据后文“with deep-ocean farms(深海养殖场)”可知，此处应表示“对……进行实验”。故选B项。 10．考查动词。句意：渔场养殖有助于养活数百万人。根据后文“millions of people(数百万人)”可知，此处应表示“养活”。故选E项。 (23-24高一下·上海建平中学·期末) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there are three words more than you need. A．aimed  B．characterized  C． connection  D．decline  E. emerging  F. objective  G. previously  H. randomly  I. revealed  J. promising  K. shallow We are increasingly learning that our guts (肠胃) and our brains are intimately linked. But while there has been extensive research into how our diets can accelerate brain aging, less is known about the foods that can prevent cognitive 1 . “The 2 field of Nutritional Cognitive Neuroscience uncovers specific foods and nutrients that promote brain health across the lifespan,” Aron Barbey, director of the Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, told Newsweek. “Central to this effort is the discovery of nutrient profiles that can be used in nutritional interventions 3 at enhancing brain health.” In a new study, published in the journal Nature Aging, Barbey, Jisheng Wu, and Christopher Zwilling used state-of-the-art technology to establish a set of specific nutrient profiles associated with better cognitive performance in adults over the age of 65, offering a 4 path towards designing nutritional interventions to promote healthy brain aging. The study involved 100 cognitively healthy participants aged 65 to 75. The analysis 5 two types of brain aging among the participants: accelerated and slower than expected. And those with slower brain aging had a distinct nutritional profile. The researchers said that this nutritional profile is closely linked with nutrients found in the Mediterranean diet, which has 6 been associated with healthy brain aging. The Mediterranean diet is 7 by a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and olive oil, with a moderate intake of cheese and fish and a limited intake of red and processed meat. This study provides a more 8 analysis of these associations. “First, it’s one of the largest and most comprehensive studies to use blood-based biomarkers to investigate the 9 between diet and brain health,” he said. “Second, it goes beyond traditional cognitive tests by employing multimodal neuroimaging measures, and provides a more complete picture of brain health.” However, Barbey noted that further research was needed to confirm these results. Observational studies like this one need to be followed by controlled trials conducted 10 to confirm the effectiveness of the identified nutrient profile in promoting brain health. 【答案】 1．D 2．E 3．A 4．J 5．I 6．G 7．B 8．F 9．C 10．H 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了大脑衰老与食物之间关系的研究。 1．考查名词。句意：但是，尽管人们对饮食如何加速大脑衰老进行了广泛的研究，但人们对预防认知能力下降的食物知之甚少。根据前文“We are increasingly learning that our guts (肠胃) and our brains are intimately linked. But while there has been extensive research into how our diets can accelerate brain aging”说明的是肠胃和大脑紧密联系，且研究了饮食如何加速大脑衰老，所以此处指的是预防认知能力下降。设空处作prevent宾语，decline，作为名词，意为“下降”符合句意，为不可数名词。故选D。 2．考查形容词。句意：“营养认知神经科学这一新兴领域揭示了在整个生命周期中促进大脑健康的特定食物和营养素，”内布拉斯加州大学林肯分校大脑、生物学和行为中心主任阿隆·巴贝告诉《新闻周刊》。空格处位于名词之前，修饰名词，所以需要填入形容词；根据常识可知“field of Nutritional Cognitive Neuroscience”为新兴学科。emerging意为“新兴的”符合句意。故选E。 3．考查过去分词。句意：“这项工作的核心是发现可用于旨在增强大脑健康的营养干预的营养概况。”过去分词短语aimed at意为“旨在，目的是”符合句意；此处指的是旨在增强大脑健康。故选A。 4．考查形容词。句意：在《自然衰老》杂志上发表的一项新研究中，Barbey、Jisheng Wu和Christopher Zwilling利用最先进的技术建立了一套与65岁以上成年人更好的认知表现相关的特定营养成分，为设计营养干预措施促进健康的大脑衰老提供了一条有希望的途径。空格处位于名词之前修饰名词，所以需要填入形容词；根据前文“Barbey, Jisheng Wu, and Christopher Zwilling used state-of-the-art technology to establish a set of specific nutrient profiles associated with better cognitive performance in adults over the age of 65 (Barbey、Jisheng Wu和Christopher Zwilling利用最先进的技术建立了一套与65岁以上成年人更好的认知表现相关的特定营养成分)”可知，此处是提供了有希望的途径。形容词promising意为“有前途的，有希望的”符合句意，在句中作定语。故选J。 5．考查动词以及时态。句意：分析显示，参与者的大脑衰老有两种类型：比预期的更快和更慢。根据空格后“比预期的更快和更慢”可知，此处指的是揭示了两种情况，reveal意为“揭示”符合句意；在句中作谓语，此处描述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。故选I。 6．考查副词。句意：研究人员说，这种营养状况与地中海饮食中的营养物质密切相关，地中海饮食曾被认为与健康的大脑衰老有关。空格处位于动词之前，因此需要填入副词，根据空格前“这种营养状况与地中海饮食中的营养物质密切相关”，可知，此处指的是地中海饮食曾经被认为与健康的大脑有关。previously意为“先前地”为副词，符合句意，在句中作状语。故选G。 7．考查动词以及被动语态。句意：地中海饮食的特点是饮食中富含全谷物、水果、蔬菜和橄榄油，适量摄入奶酪和鱼类，少量摄入红肉和加工肉。根据空格后“a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and olive oil, with a moderate intake of cheese and fish and a limited intake of red and processed meat”可知，此处指的是地中海饮食的特点。characterize“成为……特征”；主语The Mediterranean diet与动词characterize之间为被动关系，空格前有be动词，所以用过去分词构成一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。 8．考查形容词。句意：本研究对这些关联提供了更客观的分析。空格处位于名词之前，修饰名词，所以需要填入形容词。根据前文“The researchers said that this nutritional profile is closely linked with nutrients found in the Mediterranean diet, which has ____6____ been associated with healthy brain aging. (研究人员说，这种营养状况与地中海饮食中的营养物质密切相关，地中海饮食曾被认为与健康的大脑衰老有关。)”可知，此处指的是客观的研究，形容词objective意为“客观的”，符合句意。故选F。 9．考查名词。句意：他说:“首先，这是使用基于血液的生物标志物来调查饮食和大脑健康之间关系的规模最大、最全面的研究之一。”设空处在句中作宾语，根据上文“This study provides a more  ____8____  analysis of these associations.”可知，此处指的是饮食和大脑之间的联系。名词connection意为“联系”，符合句意。故选C。 10．考查副词。句意：然而，Barbey指出，需要进一步的研究来证实这些结果。像这样的观察性研究之后，需要随机进行对照试验，以确认所确定的营养成分在促进大脑健康方面的有效性。空格处修饰动词，所以要用副词；根据空格前“而，Barbey指出，需要进一步的研究来证实这些结果。”可知，此处需要随机进行对照试验。randomly意为“随机地”，符合句意。故选H。 (23-24高一下·上海交大附中·期末) 选词填空 A．maximum    B．source   C． keeping   D．complex     E. sound   F. excessive G. simplest   H. appeal   I. highlight   J. streamlining   K. core MUJI products came into being in the early 1980s as a result of a new mood, calling for a return to simplicity in daily life. Our aim was — and still is — to provide our customers all over the world with the fundamental things they need to live a busy, modern, urban lifestyle. These things must be made from good, 1 materials, with no unnecessary frills or fancies and must sell at a reasonable price. Our clothes must feel good on, our stationery must be practical and our household goods must be easy to use. This may seem elementary but it has always been a primary goal to ensure that MUJI customers should never pay for what they can’t use—i. e. added extras and fancy packaging. So, at MUJI you’ll find no 2 prices, just simple, sound products you can afford, so simple in fact, they don’t even carry a brand name. This is in direct contrast to the usual marketing ploy of producing heavily branded, expensively designed, over packaged goods. At MUJI we pride ourselves on being different. Moreover, our products are made from materials which we 3 on a global scale, not because we think an exotic origin sounds more exciting than one on our doorstep but because we are committed to using the best available material, wherever it comes from. Using these superior materials, we design our products so that their simplicity brings out their inherent 4 , both of the material they’re made from and the products themselves. Finally, we present our products in the   5 of packaging — if any at all ——which neither masks nor makes them look any more than they are. As a result, the quality and credence of each product are self-evident. As life gets more 6 , the need for simple lifestyle becomes all the more necessary. To find these, look no further than MUJI. The Company’s basic principle is to develop new simple products at reasonable prices by making the best use of materials while considering environmental issues. Through the careful selection of materials, 7 manufacturing processes and simplifying our packaging, we have continually introduced high quality MUJI brand products onto the market, at lower than usual prices. For the materials, the 8 selection criteria is always quality. These activities underpin our ability to create low-priced, high-quality products. When packaging products, MUJI seeks not to decorate them but rather to 9 their natural colors and shapes. For this reason, we use bulk packaging and place products in plain, uniform containers. Faithful to our philosophy of simplicity, this approach is also in 10 with our policy of conserving resources and reducing waste. Thus, all MUJI products appear on store shelves in simple packaging bearing only product-related information and a price tag. 【答案】 1．E 2．F 3．B 4．H 5．G 6．D 7．J 8．K 9．I 10．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了无印良品的历史，产品特色和产品生产中所注重的事情。 1．考查形容词。句意：这些东西必须由优质、可靠的材料制成，没有不必要的装饰或花哨，必须以合理的价格出售。空后为名词materials，此处应为形容词和空前的good共同作定语修饰该名词，sound“可靠的”为形容词，符合句意。故选E项。 2．考查形容词。句意：所以，在无印良品，你不会发现过高的价格，只有你能负担得起的简单、可靠的产品，简单到事实上，它们甚至没有品牌名称。空后为名词  prices，此处应为形容词作定语修饰该名词，excessive“过高的”为形容词，符合句意。故选F项。 3．考查动词。句意：此外，我们的产品是由我们在全球范围内采购的材料制成的，这并不是因为我们认为异国的材料听起来比我们家门口的材料更令人兴奋，而是因为我们致力于使用最好的材料，无论它来自哪里。空前为主语we，此处应为动词作句子的谓语成分，source“采购”为动词，符合句意。故选B项。 4．考查名词。句意：使用这些优质的材料，我们设计我们的产品，使它们的简单带出其内在的吸引力，无论是由它们制成的材料和产品本身。空前为形容词inherent，此处应为名词形式作句子的宾语成分，appeal“吸引力”为名词，符合句意。故选H项。 5．考查形容词。句意：最后，我们用最简单的包装来展示我们的产品——如果有的话——既不掩饰也不使它们看起来更真实。空前为定冠词the，此处应为形容词最高级形式，simplest“最简单的”为形容词最高级，符合句意。故选G项。 6．考查形容词。句意：随着生活变得越来越复杂，对简单生活方式的需求变得更加必要。空前为gets more，此处应为形容词作表语成分，complex“复杂的”为形容词，符合句意。故选D项。 7．考查动名词。句意：通过精心挑选材料，精简生产流程，简化包装，我们不断向市场推出高品质的无印良品品牌产品，价格低于通常的价格。此处为动名词形式，作介词Through的宾语成分，和and连接的simplifying构成并列结构，streamlining“简化”为动名词，符合句意。故选J项。 8．考查形容词。句意：对于材料，最核心的选择标准始终是质量。空后selection criteria为名词短语，此处应为形容词作定语修饰该名词短语，core“核心的”为形容词，符合句意。故选K项。 9．考查动词。句意：在包装产品时，无印良品寻求的不是装饰，而是突出其自然的颜色和形状。空前为不定式to，此处为动词原形，构成短语not to do sth but rather to do sth“不是做某事，而是做某事”，highlight“突出”为动词，符合句意。故选I项。 10．考查动名词。句意：这种做法既符合我们的简约理念，也符合我们节约资源和减少浪费的政策。空前为介词in，此处为动名词形式，和and连接的reducing保持并列结构，keeping“保持”为动名词，符合句意。故选C项。 (22-23高一下·上海实验·期末) Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words in the box and change the form where necessary. Note that there is one word more than you need. coordinate  glaring  materialize  proportions  utilize  abuse  susceptible  collective  contend  novel  speculate Nine out of every ten humans are right-handed, an imbalance that researchers for decades have attempted to explain, without definitive success. One of the ideas considered is the fighting hypothesis, which suggests that left-handedness provides an advantage in combat, albeit with an overall hit to physical health that keeps lefties rare in the population. Indeed, males — who historically have competed most strongly for resources and mates — are left-handed at slightly higher rates than females. Moreover, studies suggest that lefties tend to outperform right-handed people in fighting sports as well as in sports that require hand-eye 1 like tennis, baseball, and volleyball. This is likely because players are unaccustomed to competing against lefties as they are rarer. However, a big problem with the fighting hypothesis is that its predicted health disadvantage hasn’t 2 in large studies. On the whole, left-handed people don’t seem to suffer from more health problems than right-handed people, nor do they live shorter lives.Left vs. Right Noticing this 3 issue, a trio of scientists based out of Lund University in Sweden and Chester University in the United Kingdom proposed an update to the fighting hypothesis that comports better with current data. In an article published in the journal Symmetry, Matz Larsson, Astrid Schepman, and Paul Rodway 4 that right-handed humans actually had a greater fighting advantage over much of our species’ history, which is why they’ve become far more numerous. “When left-handers became rarer, they gained a surprise advantage and the 5 of left- and right-handers in a population stabilized,” they further explained. So why do right-handed humans have a fighting advantage? According to the researchers, it has to do with the position of the heart and the notion that humans did most of their fighting with handheld, pointy weapons like wooden spears for much of our species’ existence. About three-quarters of the heart is situated in the left hemithorax, making the left side of the chest a(n) 6 target for a mortal blow. The researchers note that when humans battle with stabbing weapons, the hand 7 to hold the weapon determines which area of the chest is exposed to an opponent. A left-handed grip will rotate the left side of the chest, and thus most of the heart, toward an enemy, while a right-handed grip will rotate it away. Moreover, a free left arm could be used to deflect spear strikes in combat. 8 , this means that right-handed humans might be more protected from a deadly strike. Based on this 9 version of the fighting hypothesis, a key prediction can be made. Since there is no health disadvantage from being left-handed and fighting with pointy weapons is no longer an evolutionary pressure, we should see the proportion of left-handed people stay the same in modern societies or broadly rise. Some studies suggest that left-handedness has increased in the 20th century, but it is uncertain if this is due to genetic or cultural reasons. It should be noted that this new explanation for the preponderance of right-handed people is still very much a hypothesis, based on 10 from physiological facts and behavioral anecdotes, with further support from large, albeit observational, data sets. The modified fighting hypothesis is cogent, but as yet unproven. 【答案】 1．coordination 2．materialized 3．glaring 4．contend 5．proportions 6．susceptible 7．utilized 8．Collectively 9．novel 10．speculation 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了针对人群中左右撇子比例不平衡的问题，之前被考虑的观点是战斗假说，但该假说预测的健康劣势并未得到证实。目前科学家们更新了战斗假说，解决了预测不到健康劣势的问题，修正后的这一假说有一定说服力，但有待进一步验证。 1．考查名词。句意：此外，研究表明，左撇子在格斗运动以及网球、棒球和排球等需要手眼协调的运动中往往比右撇子表现得更好。分析句子可知，空处被hand-eye修饰，作require的宾语，动词coordinate的名词形式coordination“协调”符合题意，是不可数名词，和hand-eye搭配表示“手眼协调”，句中表示“需要手眼协调的运动”。故填coordination。 2．考查动词。句意：然而，战斗假说的一个大问题是，它预测的健康劣势尚未在大型研究中得到证实。分析句子可知，空处作that引导的表语从句的谓语，动词materialize“实现，成为现实”符合题意，通常用语否定句中，表示“未能实现，未成为现实”，句中表示“预测的健康劣势尚未得到证实”，且结合空前的hasn’t和句意可知，此处用现在完成时，materialize应用过去分词形式materialized。故填materialized。 3．考查形容词。句意：注意到这个明显的问题，来自瑞典隆德大学和英国切斯特大学的三位科学家提出了一个更新的战斗假说，以更好地符合当前的数据。分析句子可知，空处作修饰issue的定语，形容词glaring“显眼的，明显的”符合题意，和glaring搭配表示“明显的问题”。故填glaring。 4．考查动词。句意：在Symmetry期刊上发表的一篇文章中，Matz Larsson、Astrid Schepman和Paul Rodway认为，在人类历史的大部分时间里，惯用右手的人实际上拥有更大的战斗优势，这就是为什么他们的数量越来越多。分析句子可知，空处作主句的谓语，动词contend“认为，主张”符合题意，表示这三位科学家提出了一个新的主张，且结合句意可知，主句描述的是一般性的事实，时态宜用一般现在时，且主语是复数，contend应用原形。故填contend。 5．考查名词。句意：他们进一步解释说：“当左撇子变得越来越少时，他们获得了一个惊人的优势，左撇子和右撇子在人口中的比例稳定下来。”分析句子可知，空处被the限定，作句子的主语，名词proportions“比例，占比”符合题意，句中表示“左撇子和右撇子的比例”，且结合句意可知，此处指历史各个发展阶段的比例，proportions应保持复数形式。故填proportions。 6．考查形容词。句意：大约四分之三的心脏位于左半胸，这使得左胸易于成为致命一击的目标。分析句子可知，空处作修饰target的定语，形容词susceptible“易受影响的，易受伤害的”符合题意，和target搭配表示“易受……的目标”，句中表示“易于成为致命一击的目标”。故填susceptible。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员指出，当人类用刺状武器战斗时，用来握着武器的手决定了胸部的哪个区域暴露给对手。分析句子可知，空处是修饰the hand的后置定语，是非谓语动词，动词utilize“使用，利用”的过去分词形式utilized符合题意，和the hand逻辑上是被动关系，句中表示“用来握着武器的手”。故填utilized。 8．考查副词。句意：总的来说，这意味着右撇子可能更容易受到致命打击的保护。分析句子可知，空处是修饰整个句子的状语，形容词collective的副词形式collectively“总的来说”符合题意，表示基于上文的分析得出下文的总结，且空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Collectively。 9．考查形容词。句意：基于这种新颖的战斗假说，我们可以做出一个关键的预测。分析句子可知，空处是修饰version的定语，形容词novel“新颖的”符合题意，句中表示“这种新颖的战斗假说”。故填novel。 10．考查名词。句意：值得注意的是，这种对右撇子占优势的新解释在很大程度上仍然是一种假设，它基于对生理事实和行为轶事的推测，并得到了大量（尽管是观察性的）数据集的进一步支持。分析句子可知，空处作based on的宾语，动词speculate的名词形式speculation“推断，推测”符合题意，是抽象名词，句中表示“对生理事实和行为轶事的推测”。故填speculation。 (23-24高一下·上海华一附中·期末) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．avoided   B．processed   C． suited   D．equal   E. steer   F. interfere G. understandably   H. concentration   I. thirst   J. cabin   K. unsettle Eating on a plane used to be common practice. But in the age of COVID-19, many passengers are 1 less inclined to remove their masks to take a mid-flight bite ― or to even have a snack at the airport. As a result, it’s more common to eat at home before embarking on a flight. Those with longer travel journeys may even eat a large meal to carry them through the day. Still, not all preflight eats are created 2 . Tracy Lockwood Beckerman, a registered dietitian based in New York City, said it’s worth considering your overall health as you prep for travel, including what you eat and drink. “It’s important to eat foods that will keep your immune system strong, keep you hydrated and are easily digested before flying,” Beckerman said. So, which foods are best 3 on a day when you’re traveling by plane? “It’s super common for dehydration to set in when flying, thanks to the lack of humidity and dry air in the 4 ,” Beckerman said. “That’s why it’s not the smartest to have a meal high in sodium (钠) the day before or morning of your flight.” Beckerman also advised going easy on the salt shaker, opting for snacks without added salt to avoid dehydration-related headaches. Alcohol consumption tends to cause dehydration and has a different effect on the body than if you were to have a drink at ground level due to the low pressure in the cabin and the low oxygen 5 in blood. Therefore you are more likely to get drunk faster and urinate frequently. A cup of coffee can leave you dehydrated in an already dry environment and coffee also has a mild diuretic effect, which can lead to more frequent trips to the bathroom. Beyond the dehydrating effects, caffeine can also keep you awake during a flight, which is often an opportunity to catch up on sleep. The need for more frequent bathroom visits can also 6 with your ability to doze during your travels. If you have a sensitive stomach, you might want to 7 clear of foods that can mess with your digestion. That includes highly 8 snacks like candy and fast food, which often contain ingredients that could 9 your digestive system. A balanced meal that satisfies your 10 with water and hydrating fruits contains moderate amounts of complex carbohydrates and lean protein, and is low in added sugars and sodium is ideal. 【答案】 1．G 2．D 3．A 4．J 5．H 6．F 7．E 8．B 9．K 10．I 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。在疫情时代，由于乘客对在飞机上及机场里摘下口罩进食的担忧，登机前在家吃饭变得越来越普遍，针对此现象，文章从营养师的角度给出了相应的饮食建议。 1．考查副词。句意：但在COVID-19时代，可以理解的是，许多乘客不太愿意摘下口罩在飞行途中吃点东西，甚至不愿意在机场吃点零食。空处作修饰less inclined的成分，结合“in the age of COVID-19”和“less inclined to remove their masks to take a mid-flight bite”可推知，G项understandably“可理解地”符合题意，作状语，表示疫情期间这样的行为是可以理解的。故选G。 2．考查形容词。句意：不过，并不是所有的飞行前饮食都是一样的。空处作补足语，结合“are created”可推知，D项equal“相同的”符合题意，表示并非所有这些饮食都是一样的。故选D。 3．考查动词。句意：那么，当你坐飞机旅行时，哪些食物是最好避免的呢？空处和are构成句子的谓语，结合下文所给的避免特定食物或饮料的具体建议可知，A项avoided“避免”符合题意，构成一般现在时的被动语态，表示最好避免一些食物。故选A。 4．考查名词。句意：贝克曼说：“由于机舱缺乏湿度且空气干燥，飞行时脱水是非常常见的。”空处作in的宾语，结合“when flying”可推知，J项cabin“机舱”符合题意，表示机舱中空气干燥。故选J。 5．考查名词。句意：饮酒容易导致脱水，对身体的影响与在地面上喝酒不同，因为机舱内的气压低，血液中的氧浓度也低。空处作due to的宾语，结合“the low oxygen”和“in blood”可推知，H项concentration“浓度，含量”符合题意，表示血液中的氧浓度也低。故选H。 6．考查动词。句意：频繁上厕所也会干扰你在旅行中打瞌睡的能力。空处和can构成句子的谓语，应用动词原形，结合“with your ability to doze during your travels”可推知，F项interfere“干涉，干扰”符合题意，构成固定短语interfere with，意为“干扰，妨碍”，表示会干扰你在旅行中打瞌睡的能力。故选F。 7．考查动词。句意：如果你的胃很敏感，你可能要避开那些会扰乱你消化的食物。空处作want to的宾语，应用动词原形，结合“clear of foods”可推知，E项steer“引导，指导”符合题意，构成固定短语steer clear of，意为“避开”，表示避开那些会扰乱你消化的食物。故选E。 8．考查形容词。句意：这包括高度加工的零食，如糖果和快餐，它们通常含有会扰乱你消化系统的成分。空处作修饰snacks的定语，且被highly修饰，结合“like candy and fast food”可推知，B项processed“经过加工的”符合题意，表示高度加工的零食。故选B。 9．考查动词。句意：这包括高度加工的零食，如糖果和快餐，它们通常含有会扰乱你消化系统的成分。空处和could构成句子的谓语，应用动词原形，结合“like candy and fast food”和“your digestive system”可推知，K项unsettle“扰乱”符合题意，表示扰乱你消化系统。故选K。 10．考查名词。句意：理想的膳食应该是平衡的，可以通过饮水和补水水果来解渴，其中含有适量的复杂碳水化合物和瘦肉蛋白，并且低添加糖和钠。空处作satisfies的宾语，结合“with water and hydrating fruits”可推知，I项thirst“口渴”符合题意，表示通过饮水和补水水果来解渴。故选I。 (22-23高一下·上海曹二附中·期末) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．constantly        B．concern        C． impact        D．emphasis        E weight F. trendy           G. generation      H. pattern        I. alternative        J. surrounded K. elegantly The Rise of Retro Fashion Do you care about what you wear? Some people are very fashion-conscious, carefully selecting the clothes they buy and how they dress. Fashionistas (时尚达人) always want to be seen in the latest designer gear. But that trend is changing as retro or vintage clothing is becoming a popular and often cheaper 1 . Of course, “vintage” clothing is really second-hand clothing, worn before but given a second life. The fashion industry has rebranded this stuff to make it look 2 and possibly give it a higher price tag. Whereas we may have seen an old faded pair of jeans or a dress with a flower 3 sold at a jumble sale (旧货拍卖会), now we are 4 with boutique and pop-up shops dedicated to the stuff. And in the UK, one supermarket chain has started selling second-hand clothes in some of its stores. According to managing director Steve Lynam, the more people invest in the circular economy and shop vintage, the bigger 5 we will have on climate change. Certainly, buying vintage puts 6 on extending the life of clothing. It cuts down on waste and helps to reduce the environmental damage caused by manufacturing new clothes. It’s also led to the rise of retro-fashion-items that your mum or dad wore decades ago that now look 7 cool again! It’s a big thing with younger people and has been helped by the rise of platforms like Depop and Vinted, which sell “worn” clothes online. As lanina Lucca, Senior Vice President at Depop explained: “The new 8 is looking to make choices that reduce their impact on the environment, with 77% of Gen Z saying that their biggest environmental 9 being that they want their choices to reduce waste.” Another popular way of buying old clothes is in a vintage kilo sale. People pick what they want and then pay according to 10 rather than per item. Some items are upcycled — re-modelled or re-worked by adding embroidery, patches and other additions. However, these second-hand clothes are worn or re-designed, the sustainability of vintage fashion means it’s here to stay for some time to come. 【答案】 1．I 2．F 3．H 4．J 5．C 6．D 7．K 8．G 9．B 10．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了复古二手时尚的兴起这一现象，并着重分析了越来越多的人对二手古着青睐有加的原因。 1．考查名词。句意：但这一趋势正在改变，复古服装或古着正成为一种流行且往往更便宜的选择。分析句子可知，空处被popular和often cheaper修饰，作becoming的表语，名词alternative“选择”符合题意，句中表示“一种流行且往往更便宜的选择”。故选I。 2．考查形容词。句意：时尚界给这种东西重新打上了标签，让它看起来时尚，可能还会卖得更高。分析句子可知，空处作look的表语，形容词trendy“时尚的”符合题意，句中表示“让它看起来时尚”。故选F。 3．考查名词。句意：虽然我们可能会在旧货拍卖会上看到一条褪色的旧牛仔裤或一条印有花朵图案的裙子，但现在我们周围都是专门出售这些东西的精品店和快闪店。分析句子可知，空处被flower修饰，作with的宾语，名词pattern“图案”符合题意，和flower搭配表示“花朵图案”。故选H。 4．考查动词。句意：虽然我们可能会在旧货拍卖会上看到一条褪色的旧牛仔裤或一条印有花朵图案的裙子，但现在我们周围都是专门出售这些东西的精品店和快闪店。分析句子可知，空处作主句的谓语，根据空前的are可推知，句子可能使用了被动语态，动词的过去分词形式surrounded“包围”符合题意，be surrounded by是固定短语，意为“被……包围”。故选J。 5．考查名词。句意：总经理Steve Lynam表示，投资循环经济和购买古着的人越多，我们对气候变化的影响就越大。分析句子可知，空处被bigger修饰，作have的宾语，名词impact“影响”符合题意，have an impact on是固定短语，意为“对……有影响”。故选C。 6．考查名词。句意：当然，购买古着强调的是延长衣服的寿命。分析句子可知，空处作puts的宾语，名词emphasis“强调”符合题意，put emphasis on是固定短语，意为“强调，突出”。故选D。 7．考查副词。句意：这也导致了复古时尚的兴起——几十年前你妈妈或爸爸穿的衣服现在看起来又优雅又酷了！分析句子可知，空处作修饰cool的状语，副词elegantly“优雅地”符合题意，句中表示“看起来又优雅又酷”。故选K。 8．考查名词。句意：新一代正在寻求做出减少对环境影响的选择，77%的Z世代表示，他们在环境方面最关心的事是他们希望自己的选择减少浪费。分析句子可知，空处被new修饰，作主句的主语，名词generation“一代（人）”符合题意，和new搭配表示“新一代”。故选G。 9．考查名词。句意：新一代正在寻求做出减少对环境影响的选择，77%的Z世代表示，他们在环境方面最关心的事是他们希望自己的选择减少浪费。分析句子可知，空处被environmental修饰，名词concern“关心的事”符合题意，和environmental搭配表示“在环境方面关心的事”。故选B。 10．考查名词。句意：人们选择他们想要的东西，然后根据重量而不是每件物品付款。分析句子可知，空处作according to的宾语，名词weight“重量”符合题意，句中表示“根据重量而不是每件物品付款”。故选E。 (22-23高一下·上海交大附中·期末) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．address    B．challenges    C． imaging    D．monitor    E. navigate    F. operations    G. respond H. setting     I. short         J. successive   K. worth Satellites Can Help Us Fight Climate Change At the beginning of 2021, President Joe Biden exclaimed that “science is back” as we continued our efforts to 1 the COVID emergency. That phrase continues to ring true across the federal government. Science and its applications are being used at every agency to deal with public health 2 , build new transportation infrastructure, inform policy decisions and tackle the climate crisis. Recently the Interior Department’s U.S. Geological Survey assumed 3 of Landsat 9 from NASA, which built and launched it in 2021.This satellite is designed to 4 Earth’s land, water and other natural resources. Landsat missions support environmental sustainability and climate resilience. The Landsat program, which launched in July 1972, has helped us understand our planet and the changes that are occurring on it. That partnership has propelled research and observation forward through the launch of 5 Landsat satellites, each replacing its predecessors and working in tandem with new capabilities and strengths. I attended the historic launch of Landsat 9 in California. It was nothing 6 of amazing. I toured the mission control center and met a young scientist from the Navajo Nation living far away from home. She uses Landsat 7 to see her home from many miles away, and with such data, she enables her community to manage water resources in the face of a changing climate. This is the power and beauty of science at work. All around the globe, scientists are using Landsat and other imagery to interpret what is happening on Earth today and to compare it with the 50 years’ 8 of data the Landsat program has collected. This science-based program and those like it across federal agencies are powerful tools in our efforts to responsibly manage our resources. Their prioritization helps to demonstrate the Biden-Harris administration’s commitment to lead with science. So, too, the resources provided through the president’s Bipartisan Infrastructure Law and Inflation Reduction Act will be key to the development of longer-term sustainability measures as we 9 to climate change, including building more resilient communities and protecting our natural environment. Landsat NEXT is the upcoming mission we will develop with NASA to power better science and decision-making for the next 50 years. Science is indeed 10 us on a path to a brighter future. 【答案】 1．E 1．B 2．K 3．D 4．J 5．I 6．C 7．F 8．G 9．H 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了陆地卫星的作用和意义。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2021年初，乔·拜登总统在我们继续努力应对新冠疫情紧急情况时感叹“科学回来了”。分析句子结构可知，不定式符号to后填动词原形，结合句意可知填动词navigate，navigate意为“找到正确方法(对付困难复杂的情况)”。故选E项。 2．考查名词。句意：每个机构都在利用科学及其应用来应对公共卫生挑战、建设新的交通基础设施、为政策决策提供信息和应对气候危机。结合句意可知填challenges(挑战)，public health challenges作deal with的宾语。故选B项。 3．考查名词。句意：最近，美国内政部地质调查局从2021年建造并发射的美国国家航空航天局获得了陆地卫星9号的价值。分析句子结构可知，谓语assumed(取得)后缺少宾语，故填不可数名词worth(价值)，符合句意。故选K项。 4．考查动词。句意：这颗卫星旨在监测地球的土地、水和其他自然资源。分析句子结构可知，不定式符号to后填动词原形，结合句意可知填动词monitor，monitor意为“监测”。故选D项。 5．考查形容词。句意：这种伙伴关系通过连续发射陆地资源卫星推动了研究和观测的发展，每颗卫星都取代了前一颗卫星，并以新的能力和优势协同工作。分析句子结构可知，名词短语Landsat satellites前应用形容词修饰。结合“each replacing its predecessors(每一个都取代其前任)”,可知发射的卫星不止一个，故填successive(连续的，相继的)，作定语。故选J项。 6．考查形容词。句意：这简直令人惊异。nothing short of(简直，无异于)为固定短语。此处表达这种吃惊的心情，故本空选I。 7．考查名词。句意：她利用地球资源卫星成像技术从数英里外看到她的家，有了这些数据，她使她的社区能够在气候变化的情况下管理水资源。结合上下文可知，运用成像技术才能看到她的家，故本空填imaging(成像)，Landsat imaging作uses的宾语。故选C项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在全球范围内，科学家们正在使用地球资源卫星和其他图像来解释今天地球上正在发生的事情，并将其与地球资源卫星项目50年来收集的数据操作进行比较。由50year's判断本空为名词，故填operations(操作，运行)符合句意。故选F。 9．考查动词。句意：因此，通过总统的《两党基础设施法》和《通胀削减法》提供的资源也将是我们在应对气候变化时制定长期可持续性措施的关键，包括建设更具韧性的社区和保护我们的自然环境。分析句子结构可知，空前的as为时间状语从句的引导词，本空为句子谓语。respond to(对……作出反应)为固定短语，结合空后的to和句意可知，本空填respond。故选G项。 10．考查动词。句意：科学确实使我们走上了一条通往更光明未来的道路。set sb. on path to(使某人走上……的道路)为固定短语，结合空后的a path to和句意可知，本空填setting，和空前的is构成现在进行时。故选H项。 试卷第26页，共27页 试卷第27页，共27页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 专题02 选词填空（优选上海名校真题） (23-24高一下·上海交大附中·期末) A．overemphasized      B．diverse    C． promoting     D．resources       E. critical F. normalization    G. embrace    H. shaping    I. affordable   J. decorated   K. questioning Cosmetic surgery has become increasingly popular in modern society, offering individuals the opportunity to enhance their physical appearance through various procedures. However, people’s attitudes towards cosmetic surgery are   1 and complex, reflecting a range of beliefs and values. One common attitude towards cosmetic surgery is the acceptance and 2 of it. With advancements in medical technology and the rise of social media influencers 3 beauty standards, more people view cosmetic surgery as a valid means of self-improvement. For some, undergoing plastic surgery is similar to getting a haircut or going to the gym — a personal choice to enhance one’s confidence and self-esteem. On the other hand, there is a segment of society that holds a more   4 view of cosmetic surgery. Some individuals believe that altering one’s appearance through surgery perpetuates unrealistic beauty standards and 5 physical appearance. They argue that true beauty comes from within and that society should focus on advocating self-acceptance and body positivity. Additionally, there is a subset of people who view cosmetic surgery as a luxury 6 only to the wealthy and privileged. Some argue that   7 should be allocated towards more essential healthcare needs rather than cosmetic enhancements. Furthermore, cultural and religious beliefs play a significant role in 8 attitudes towards cosmetic surgery. In some cultures, altering one’s appearance through surgery may be seen as taboo or challenge to traditional values. Overall, people’s attitudes towards cosmetic surgery are influenced by a variety of factors including societal norms, personal values, cultural beliefs, and economic considerations. While some 9 cosmetic surgery as a tool for self-improvement and enhancing confidence, others view it with skepticism, 10 its impact on beauty standards and societal priorities. Ultimately, the choice to undergo cosmetic surgery is a personal decision that reflects individual attitudes and values towards beauty and self-image in today’s society. (23-24高一下·上海师大闵行附中·期末) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．demonstration        B．conversation        C． escaped            D．marching        E. campaigning F. reluctantly            G. absorbing            H. participated        I. prohibited        J. completely K. exhaustion The summer heat has reached its breaking point for a group of high school students in Wales, as the boys decided to protest their school’s strict uniform policy which 1 wearing shorts no matter what weather, by showing up to school in skirts. After they 2 to the bathroom to change into all-black skirts, seventeen White church High School students emerged wearing skirts on campus, and they 3 in the campaign to resist the customary uniform trousers. The boys’ 4 was less an act of politically urged civil disobedience than it was a way to beat the heat. While none of the boys were punished for their protesting efforts, the movement was short-lived. After proudly 5 into the headmaster’s office shouting “we want to wear shorts”, they were quickly ordered to change back into trousers. “We had a 6 with some boys and they have worn trousers,” said Principal Jones Williams. Protester Tyrone Evelyn, 15, told Wales Online that the group would continue 7 for a change. “It’s just appropriate for the weather. Over the last few days I’ve had a few headaches and skin irritations. Girls can wear skirts, so I don’t see why we can’t wear shorts. It’s a reasonable protest.” The boys 8 agreed to write a letter to their Students’ Union, applying for a rule change by next summer. Heat 9 and heat stroke are the two most common illnesses that occur when temperature rises. According to Mayo Clinic, wearing loose-fitting and light-colored clothing helps protected person from trapping sweat or 10 too much heat. (23-24高一下·上海浦东东昌中学·期末) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．topic      B．developed      C． arguably     D．increasingly     E. repeated     F. events G. shares     H. individual     I. influenced     J. appeals          K. literary Poetry is a kind of writing in which the sound and meaning of groups of words express ideas or emotion in addition to the experiences or strong feelings the writer 1 . Unlike most other forms of writing, poetry is often written in lines, rather than paragraphs. Poetry also sounds different from other forms of writing, often using rhythm and rhyme to create an interesting sound when read aloud. Poetry catches the attention of a reader because it 2 to both emotions and senses. Sound is 3 the single most important aspect of any poem. The sound that any given word makes, or the sounds that come from specific groups of words used together, are what make poetry so unique as a form of writing. A typical story or report does not focus on the sounds that each 4 word makes when read. But poems generally contain few words, so it is important that each word plays a role in making an impact on the reader. Rhythm is the flow of sounds created by successive words in a poem. When you read a poem you can often hear this 5 pattern, or “beat” in the sounds. This is called meter. Some of the oldest and best-known poetry in the world came from Ancient Greece. As far back as 700 BCE, poets there recited their work at public 6 and religious ceremonies. The great epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey by Homer came from Greece. The Greeks eventually 7 Roman poets, such as Virgil, who wrote the Aeneid 30 BCE. In medieval times, poems such as Beowulf, The Divine Comedy by Dante. and The Canterbury Tales by Chaucer were written. Religion and romance became the 8 of choice for many poets at that time. Poetry 9 even more during the Renaissance period of history, an era of many great cultural achievements. This was the period during which Shakespeare, the most well-known poet, was making his mark! Needless to say, a trend had started. Poetry has continued to grow and change as a form of 10 expression in modern times. (23-24高一下·上海复旦附中·期末) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．absent B．flood C． bound D．indistinguishable E. polishing F. strikingly G. consequently H. command I. engaged J. differing K. critically Rhinoceros horns(犀牛角) are big business. Traditional Chinese medicine uses them to treat rheumatism and gout, even though they have no actual pharmaceutical properties beyond placebo(安慰剂). And craftsmen carve them into dagger handles. A kilogram can thus 1 as much as $60,000, so there is tremendous incentive for poachers to hunt the animals. Since almost all rhinoceros populations are endangered, several 2 , this is a serious problem. Some conservationists therefore suggest that a way to reduce pressure on the animals might be to 3 the market with fakes. This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns and 4 , the motivation to hunt rhinos. That would require the fake s to be good. But Fritz Vollrath, a zoologist at Oxford University, thinks his skills as a forger(伪造者) are up to the challenge. As he writes in Scientific Reports, he and his colleagues from Fudan University, in Shanghai, have come up with a cheap and easy-to-make fake 5 similar to the real thing. The main ingredient of Dr. Vollrath’s forged horns is horsehair. Despite their 6 appearances, horses and rhinos are reasonably closely related. Horses do not have horns, of course. But, technically, neither do rhinos. The “horns” of rhinoceros are composed of hairs 7 tightly together using a mixture of dead cells. Examination under a microscope showed that hairs collected from horses’ tails had similar features to those found in the horns of rhinos except that horse hairs had a special layer 8 in those of the rhino, but the researchers were able to remove this with a solution of lithium bromide.(溴化锂溶液) They bundled the treated horse hairs as tightly as they could in a matrix of a special glue, and then left the bundles in an oven to dry. The result was a rough material that, with some 9 , looked like rhino horn. Whether to launch 10 fakes onto the rhinoceros-horn market would truly reduce prices and demand remains to be tested. But it might. It is an old trick in warfare to leave the enemy with forged, worthless money. Something similar may yet help save the rhino. (23-24高一下·上海宝山区·期末) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A．average B．adapt C． consisting D．persistent E. exactly F. stuck G. failing H. extremely I. referred J. initial K. range From roughly the 16th to 19th centuries, much of the Earth was caught by a persistent freezing cold. During this time, the Northern Hemisphere (半球) experienced long stretches of temperatures so cold that people witnessed crops 1 and rivers freezing — like the Scheldt River. Thousands of people walking and playing across the frozen River Thames; Soldiers on horseback seeing ships 2 in the ice; Natives using snowshoes to outsmart the English army…These were some of the images that define the Little Ice Age — a period of several centuries last millennium in which parts of the Northern Hemisphere struggled with a(n) 3 cold. But what caused the Little Ice Age, how long did it last, how did people 4 to the freezing cold — and what lessons can we learn as we enter our own period of climatic change? The Little Ice Age was not a true ice age — 5 cooling was probably only in the order of 0.5 degrees Celsius, or 1 degree Fahrenheit — or was it consistently cold. Dagomar Degroot, associate professor of environmental history at Georgetown University has 6 to the era as a series of “little ice ages.” Although some researchers argue it may have begun earlier, NASA defines the Little Ice Age as beginning around 1550 and 7 of three cold peaks-around 1650,1770 and 1850. Scientists are still working out 8 what caused the Little Ice Age too. Theories 9 from decreased solar activity to increased volcanic eruptions, to the decline of populations in North America, which allowed forests to replace agricultural land, in the process removing about seven billion tons of carbon from the atmosphere. A 2022 study argued that the 10 trigger was actually a rise of extremely warm water flowing north from the tropics in the late 1300s,which pushed Arctic ice into the North Atlantic. Whatever the cause, the consequences of the Little Ice Age have a lasting effect on history, although to what extent is still controversial. (23-24高一下·上海师大闵行附中·期末) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．critics        B．experimented        C．supply        D．sufficient        E．feed        F．resolve G．hazardous        H．novel                I．processed        J．produced        K．extinct The population of the world is increasing rapidly. By 2030, there could be 8.0 billion people on earth. Will there be 1 food for all these people, or will we have a food shortage? Some scientists think fish farming could 2 this problem. However, other scientists worry that fish farming could cause serious environmental problems. Fish farming is not a 3 thing. There were fish farms in China 3, 000 years ago. Today, about one-third of the fish we eat comes from fish farms. Most fish farms raise plant-eating fish. Popular kinds of plant-eating fish are carp, tilapia, and catfish. Unfortunately, many fish farms are starting to raise meat-eating fish. A popular type of meat-eating fish is salmon. These meat-eating fish live on 4 food made from wild fish. However, it takes up to 5 tons of wild fish to produce just 1 ton of farm-raised salmon. The 5 of wild fish is already decreasing. Eventually, many types of wild fish could go 6 . What will we do then? 7 of fish farming also say that farm-raised fish is unhealthy for humans. They say the fish contains dangerous chemicals. They also blame the issue on fish farming because it pollutes the water. Another criticism is that farm-raised fish can spread diseases to wild fish. Some people say that the farming methods being used now hasn’t 8 enough fish anyway. Instead of putting fish farms in lakes or near the coast, they say that the fish farms should be moved far out into the ocean. Several countries have already 9 with deep-ocean farms. In the future, fish farms might be large cages that move across the ocean. Like most things, there is both a good and a bad side to fish farming. Fish farming may help to 10 millions of people. At the same time, however, fish farming may damage the environment. (23-24高一下·上海建平中学·期末) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there are three words more than you need. A．aimed  B．characterized  C． connection  D．decline  E. emerging  F. objective  G. previously  H. randomly  I. revealed  J. promising  K. shallow We are increasingly learning that our guts (肠胃) and our brains are intimately linked. But while there has been extensive research into how our diets can accelerate brain aging, less is known about the foods that can prevent cognitive 1 . “The 2 field of Nutritional Cognitive Neuroscience uncovers specific foods and nutrients that promote brain health across the lifespan,” Aron Barbey, director of the Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, told Newsweek. “Central to this effort is the discovery of nutrient profiles that can be used in nutritional interventions 3 at enhancing brain health.” In a new study, published in the journal Nature Aging, Barbey, Jisheng Wu, and Christopher Zwilling used state-of-the-art technology to establish a set of specific nutrient profiles associated with better cognitive performance in adults over the age of 65, offering a 4 path towards designing nutritional interventions to promote healthy brain aging. The study involved 100 cognitively healthy participants aged 65 to 75. The analysis 5 two types of brain aging among the participants: accelerated and slower than expected. And those with slower brain aging had a distinct nutritional profile. The researchers said that this nutritional profile is closely linked with nutrients found in the Mediterranean diet, which has 6 been associated with healthy brain aging. The Mediterranean diet is 7 by a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and olive oil, with a moderate intake of cheese and fish and a limited intake of red and processed meat. This study provides a more 8 analysis of these associations. “First, it’s one of the largest and most comprehensive studies to use blood-based biomarkers to investigate the 9 between diet and brain health,” he said. “Second, it goes beyond traditional cognitive tests by employing multimodal neuroimaging measures, and provides a more complete picture of brain health.” However, Barbey noted that further research was needed to confirm these results. Observational studies like this one need to be followed by controlled trials conducted 10 to confirm the effectiveness of the identified nutrient profile in promoting brain health. (23-24高一下·上海交大附中·期末) 选词填空 A．maximum    B．source   C． keeping   D．complex     E. sound   F. excessive G. simplest   H. appeal   I. highlight   J. streamlining   K. core MUJI products came into being in the early 1980s as a result of a new mood, calling for a return to simplicity in daily life. Our aim was — and still is — to provide our customers all over the world with the fundamental things they need to live a busy, modern, urban lifestyle. These things must be made from good, 1 materials, with no unnecessary frills or fancies and must sell at a reasonable price. Our clothes must feel good on, our stationery must be practical and our household goods must be easy to use. This may seem elementary but it has always been a primary goal to ensure that MUJI customers should never pay for what they can’t use—i. e. added extras and fancy packaging. So, at MUJI you’ll find no 2 prices, just simple, sound products you can afford, so simple in fact, they don’t even carry a brand name. This is in direct contrast to the usual marketing ploy of producing heavily branded, expensively designed, over packaged goods. At MUJI we pride ourselves on being different. Moreover, our products are made from materials which we 3 on a global scale, not because we think an exotic origin sounds more exciting than one on our doorstep but because we are committed to using the best available material, wherever it comes from. Using these superior materials, we design our products so that their simplicity brings out their inherent 4 , both of the material they’re made from and the products themselves. Finally, we present our products in the   5 of packaging — if any at all ——which neither masks nor makes them look any more than they are. As a result, the quality and credence of each product are self-evident. As life gets more 6 , the need for simple lifestyle becomes all the more necessary. To find these, look no further than MUJI. The Company’s basic principle is to develop new simple products at reasonable prices by making the best use of materials while considering environmental issues. Through the careful selection of materials, 7 manufacturing processes and simplifying our packaging, we have continually introduced high quality MUJI brand products onto the market, at lower than usual prices. For the materials, the 8 selection criteria is always quality. These activities underpin our ability to create low-priced, high-quality products. When packaging products, MUJI seeks not to decorate them but rather to 9 their natural colors and shapes. For this reason, we use bulk packaging and place products in plain, uniform containers. Faithful to our philosophy of simplicity, this approach is also in 10 with our policy of conserving resources and reducing waste. Thus, all MUJI products appear on store shelves in simple packaging bearing only product-related information and a price tag. (22-23高一下·上海实验·期末) Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words in the box and change the form where necessary. Note that there is one word more than you need. coordinate  glaring  materialize  proportions  utilize  abuse  susceptible  collective  contend  novel  speculate Nine out of every ten humans are right-handed, an imbalance that researchers for decades have attempted to explain, without definitive success. One of the ideas considered is the fighting hypothesis, which suggests that left-handedness provides an advantage in combat, albeit with an overall hit to physical health that keeps lefties rare in the population. Indeed, males — who historically have competed most strongly for resources and mates — are left-handed at slightly higher rates than females. Moreover, studies suggest that lefties tend to outperform right-handed people in fighting sports as well as in sports that require hand-eye 1 like tennis, baseball, and volleyball. This is likely because players are unaccustomed to competing against lefties as they are rarer. However, a big problem with the fighting hypothesis is that its predicted health disadvantage hasn’t 2 in large studies. On the whole, left-handed people don’t seem to suffer from more health problems than right-handed people, nor do they live shorter lives.Left vs. Right Noticing this 3 issue, a trio of scientists based out of Lund University in Sweden and Chester University in the United Kingdom proposed an update to the fighting hypothesis that comports better with current data. In an article published in the journal Symmetry, Matz Larsson, Astrid Schepman, and Paul Rodway 4 that right-handed humans actually had a greater fighting advantage over much of our species’ history, which is why they’ve become far more numerous. “When left-handers became rarer, they gained a surprise advantage and the 5 of left- and right-handers in a population stabilized,” they further explained. So why do right-handed humans have a fighting advantage? According to the researchers, it has to do with the position of the heart and the notion that humans did most of their fighting with handheld, pointy weapons like wooden spears for much of our species’ existence. About three-quarters of the heart is situated in the left hemithorax, making the left side of the chest a(n) 6 target for a mortal blow. The researchers note that when humans battle with stabbing weapons, the hand 7 to hold the weapon determines which area of the chest is exposed to an opponent. A left-handed grip will rotate the left side of the chest, and thus most of the heart, toward an enemy, while a right-handed grip will rotate it away. Moreover, a free left arm could be used to deflect spear strikes in combat. 8 , this means that right-handed humans might be more protected from a deadly strike. Based on this 9 version of the fighting hypothesis, a key prediction can be made. Since there is no health disadvantage from being left-handed and fighting with pointy weapons is no longer an evolutionary pressure, we should see the proportion of left-handed people stay the same in modern societies or broadly rise. Some studies suggest that left-handedness has increased in the 20th century, but it is uncertain if this is due to genetic or cultural reasons. It should be noted that this new explanation for the preponderance of right-handed people is still very much a hypothesis, based on 10 from physiological facts and behavioral anecdotes, with further support from large, albeit observational, data sets. The modified fighting hypothesis is cogent, but as yet unproven. (23-24高一下·上海华一附中·期末) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．avoided   B．processed   C． suited   D．equal   E. steer   F. interfere G. understandably   H. concentration   I. thirst   J. cabin   K. unsettle Eating on a plane used to be common practice. But in the age of COVID-19, many passengers are 1 less inclined to remove their masks to take a mid-flight bite ― or to even have a snack at the airport. As a result, it’s more common to eat at home before embarking on a flight. Those with longer travel journeys may even eat a large meal to carry them through the day. Still, not all preflight eats are created 2 . Tracy Lockwood Beckerman, a registered dietitian based in New York City, said it’s worth considering your overall health as you prep for travel, including what you eat and drink. “It’s important to eat foods that will keep your immune system strong, keep you hydrated and are easily digested before flying,” Beckerman said. So, which foods are best 3 on a day when you’re traveling by plane? “It’s super common for dehydration to set in when flying, thanks to the lack of humidity and dry air in the 4 ,” Beckerman said. “That’s why it’s not the smartest to have a meal high in sodium (钠) the day before or morning of your flight.” Beckerman also advised going easy on the salt shaker, opting for snacks without added salt to avoid dehydration-related headaches. Alcohol consumption tends to cause dehydration and has a different effect on the body than if you were to have a drink at ground level due to the low pressure in the cabin and the low oxygen 5 in blood. Therefore you are more likely to get drunk faster and urinate frequently. A cup of coffee can leave you dehydrated in an already dry environment and coffee also has a mild diuretic effect, which can lead to more frequent trips to the bathroom. Beyond the dehydrating effects, caffeine can also keep you awake during a flight, which is often an opportunity to catch up on sleep. The need for more frequent bathroom visits can also 6 with your ability to doze during your travels. If you have a sensitive stomach, you might want to 7 clear of foods that can mess with your digestion. That includes highly 8 snacks like candy and fast food, which often contain ingredients that could 9 your digestive system. A balanced meal that satisfies your 10 with water and hydrating fruits contains moderate amounts of complex carbohydrates and lean protein, and is low in added sugars and sodium is ideal. (22-23高一下·上海曹二附中·期末) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．constantly        B．concern        C． impact        D．emphasis        E weight F. trendy           G. generation      H. pattern        I. alternative        J. surrounded K. elegantly The Rise of Retro Fashion Do you care about what you wear? Some people are very fashion-conscious, carefully selecting the clothes they buy and how they dress. Fashionistas (时尚达人) always want to be seen in the latest designer gear. But that trend is changing as retro or vintage clothing is becoming a popular and often cheaper 1 . Of course, “vintage” clothing is really second-hand clothing, worn before but given a second life. The fashion industry has rebranded this stuff to make it look 2 and possibly give it a higher price tag. Whereas we may have seen an old faded pair of jeans or a dress with a flower 3 sold at a jumble sale (旧货拍卖会), now we are 4 with boutique and pop-up shops dedicated to the stuff. And in the UK, one supermarket chain has started selling second-hand clothes in some of its stores. According to managing director Steve Lynam, the more people invest in the circular economy and shop vintage, the bigger 5 we will have on climate change. Certainly, buying vintage puts 6 on extending the life of clothing. It cuts down on waste and helps to reduce the environmental damage caused by manufacturing new clothes. It’s also led to the rise of retro-fashion-items that your mum or dad wore decades ago that now look 7 cool again! It’s a big thing with younger people and has been helped by the rise of platforms like Depop and Vinted, which sell “worn” clothes online. As lanina Lucca, Senior Vice President at Depop explained: “The new 8 is looking to make choices that reduce their impact on the environment, with 77% of Gen Z saying that their biggest environmental 9 being that they want their choices to reduce waste.” Another popular way of buying old clothes is in a vintage kilo sale. People pick what they want and then pay according to 10 rather than per item. Some items are upcycled — re-modelled or re-worked by adding embroidery, patches and other additions. However, these second-hand clothes are worn or re-designed, the sustainability of vintage fashion means it’s here to stay for some time to come. (22-23高一下·上海交大附中·期末) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．address    B．challenges    C． imaging    D．monitor    E. navigate    F. operations    G. respond H. setting     I. short         J. successive   K. worth Satellites Can Help Us Fight Climate Change At the beginning of 2021, President Joe Biden exclaimed that “science is back” as we continued our efforts to 1 the COVID emergency. That phrase continues to ring true across the federal government. Science and its applications are being used at every agency to deal with public health 2 , build new transportation infrastructure, inform policy decisions and tackle the climate crisis. Recently the Interior Department’s U.S. Geological Survey assumed 3 of Landsat 9 from NASA, which built and launched it in 2021.This satellite is designed to 4 Earth’s land, water and other natural resources. Landsat missions support environmental sustainability and climate resilience. The Landsat program, which launched in July 1972, has helped us understand our planet and the changes that are occurring on it. That partnership has propelled research and observation forward through the launch of 5 Landsat satellites, each replacing its predecessors and working in tandem with new capabilities and strengths. I attended the historic launch of Landsat 9 in California. It was nothing 6 of amazing. I toured the mission control center and met a young scientist from the Navajo Nation living far away from home. She uses Landsat 7 to see her home from many miles away, and with such data, she enables her community to manage water resources in the face of a changing climate. This is the power and beauty of science at work. All around the globe, scientists are using Landsat and other imagery to interpret what is happening on Earth today and to compare it with the 50 years’ 8 of data the Landsat program has collected. This science-based program and those like it across federal agencies are powerful tools in our efforts to responsibly manage our resources. Their prioritization helps to demonstrate the Biden-Harris administration’s commitment to lead with science. So, too, the resources provided through the president’s Bipartisan Infrastructure Law and Inflation Reduction Act will be key to the development of longer-term sustainability measures as we 9 to climate change, including building more resilient communities and protecting our natural environment. Landsat NEXT is the upcoming mission we will develop with NASA to power better science and decision-making for the next 50 years. Science is indeed 10 us on a path to a brighter future. 试卷第12页，共13页 试卷第13页，共13页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$