专题01 语法填空（上海名校优选试题）15篇（上海专用）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末真题分类汇编

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 专题01 语法填空（上海名校优选试题）15篇 (23-24高一下·上海交大附中·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Hearing from successful people who had no clue at age 19 where they’d actually end up 1 (prove) reassuring to sophomore Emily Ford this weekend. Ford was among the 100second-year students who attended the kickoff for “Sophomore Spark,” a QuadEx program designed 2 (meet) the personal, professional and intellectual needs of sophomores. The Sophomore Spark Summit, 3 pilot launch event held Saturday afternoon at the Rubenstein Arts Center, included engaging keynote speakers, conversations with alumni, and interactive sessions on managing stress and connecting with the creative, right-side of the brain. Sophomore Spark co-chairs, Greg Victory, assistant vice president and Fannie Mitchell executive director of the career center, and Jenny Wood Crowley, assistant vice provost for intellectual community in the Office of Undergraduate Education, said sophomore year 4 be an exceptionally challenging and growth-filled time, when students wrestle with ways that purpose and value intersect (交叉) with academic and career journeys. “We want them to see they have the skills, resources and mentors already here.” Victory said. “And to let them know they don’t have to have it all 5 (figure out) right away.” Wood Crowley shared a one-on-one conversation with Rishab Jagetia, a sophomore who cares about environmentalism and economic justice. He asked her to help him generate more serious student engagement with those societal issues 6 the classroom so that students could break the boundaries of textbooks and lectures to explore more about potential careers. “I explained that programs like Sophomore Spark will be an integral part of the QuadEx experience 7 it fully launches this fall,” Wood Crowley said. “Building community, highlighting resources, and providing meaningful connections between students and faculty, 8 the Spark Summit did, are essential components of the new residential living and learning model.” Ford said she particularly enjoyed the keynote talk about “unleashing one’s superpowers” and the nonlinear career path of speaker Sanyin Siang, Pratt ‘96 MBA’02. “One of the reasons I came was to hear people’s stories,” Ford told Siang in a breakout improve session they both attended. “I’d been feeling lost. Since freshman year, I thought I wanted to do premed (医科大学预科). Now I’ve started taking 9 (much) of a variety of classes that are not STEM, I’ve been feeling so much better. Coming today was a really good decision.” The Sophomore Spark Summit 10 (make) possible by the generous support of Stacey and Dan Levitan. (23-24高一下·上海华一附中·期末) Feeling depressed or lonely can age us faster than smoking, researchers say Feeling unhappy, depressed or lonely could speed up the ageing processes more than smoking or even certain diseases, researchers have suggested. While everyone has an age based on their date of birth - “chronological age”, they also have   1 is known as a “biological age”, based on the ageing of the body’s functions, influenced by genetics, lifestyle and other factors. Studies have previously suggested the higher the biological age, the higher the risk of various diseases, and the risk of death. Now researchers say they have created a digital model of ageing, 2 (reveal) the importance of psychological health. “Your body and soul are connected, 3 is our main message,” said Fedor Galkin, a co-author of the study and lead scientist at the Hong Kong startup Deep Longevity. “We demonstrate that psychological factors, such as feeling unhappy or being lonely, add up to 1.65 years to one’s biological age,” they write. While Galkin said the figure is an estimate, not least as the model assumes that different feelings like hopelessness or fearfulness are independent of each other, the study highlights that 4 fast we age is significantly associated with our psychological state. “Taking care of your psychological health is the greatest contributor that you can have to 5 (slow) down your pace of ageing,” he said. The team also report that people who smoke 6 (predict) to be 15 months older than their non-smoking peers while living in urban areas reduces biological age   7 five months. Similarly, 8 (marry) takes about seven months off one’s biological age. But, he said, it is unlikely isolation and loneliness are truly worse risk factors for health than smoking, while the study only looked at the data that 9 (collect) at one point in time. “The researchers did not follow up participants to show that those with psychological distress actually aged more rapidly,” he said. “It will be important in the future 10 （test）whether these predictions can be fulfilled by repeating testing over a number of years.” (23-24高一下·上海师大闵行附中·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why would someone decide to stop eating? We know that the body needs food in order to function well. However, many people fast at some time during their lives. Why is this? Some people fast for political reasons. In the early 20th century, women in England and the United States 1 (not allow) to vote. In protest, many women went on fasts. They hoped that fasting 2 (bring) attention to this injustice. Mohandas Gandhi, the famous Indian leader, fasted 17 times during his life. For Gandhi, fasting was a powerful political tool. In 1943, he fasted to bring attention to his country’s need for independence. For 21 days, he went without food. Another famous faster was Cesar Chavez. In the 1960s, he fasted for three weeks. Why? His goal was 3 (arouse) people’s awareness of the terrible working conditions of farm workers in the United States. Fasting is also a spiritual practice in many religions. Every year during the month of Ramadan, 4 is a religious holiday, Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset. Many Hindus fast on special occasions, as do some Christians and Buddhists. Of course, not everyone fasts for political or religious reasons. Some people occasionally fast just 5 it makes them feel better. The American writer Mark Twain thought fasting was the best medicine for common illnesses. 6 he had a cold or a fever, he stopped eating completely. He said that this always made his cold or fever go away. Another American writer, Upton Sinclair, discovered 7 fasting brought about after years of overeating, indigestion, and headaches. His first fast last for 12 days. During this time, his headaches and stomachaches went away. Sinclair said that fasting also made him 8 (alert) and energetic. Despite the advantages, choosing to go 9 food can be very dangerous. However, that doesn’t stop people from 10 (fast) for political, religious, or health reasons. (23-24高一下·上海复旦附中·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fit s each blank. Modifying Your Memories It has always been thought that the purpose of our memory is to file away and later allow us to recall everything that happens in our lives, like a 1 (record) device. When we recall a memory, we go into the brain library, take out a file, look at it and then put it back 2 it was. The files may get a little dust y over the years, but they are always there and they never change. However, new research shows this understanding of memory is not that accurate. What memory is 3 (redefine). To start with, there is no central memory bank; elements of memories are stored separately 4 each other so that things related to a particular memory — the smells, sounds, emotions, physical touch, pictures, etc. — are held in different areas of the brain, and it is only in the act of recalling that they are all brought together. 5 researchers hold to be true now is that every time we recall a memory, aspects of that memory can change slightly. This means memories are 6 (flexible) than previously thought. The parallel would be more like bringing up a file on the computer, modifying and then saving 7 again. This understanding has been crucial in enabling scientists to erase and replace memories in quite innovative ways. On a positive note, this is paving the way for new treatments of disorders, like depression and alcohol addiction. In a recent study, a mouse is put into a totally new, empty environment 8 depresses it and leads it to refuse to move. A switch on a laser machine introduces a previously happy memory to the mouse and it runs around 9 (satisfy), showing relaxed, normal behavior. Science fiction? No, not at all. It’s happening here and now. The impossible is becoming possible 10 (fulfill). (23-24高一下·上海建平中学·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Fascinating Culture of the Miao People The Miao ethnicity of China has a long history, rich culture, and an ancient folk religion. 1 (decorate) with beautiful traditional clothes, they live in uniquely designed architecture. Throughout history, the Miao people were constantly migrating, always on the move. In more modern times, part of the Miao people gradually settled down in southeast Asian countries. Today, the Miao people in China 2 (concentrate) in eight provinces, autonomous regions, and cities in southwest and south-central China, 3 Guizhou Province has the largest population. The Miao people have lived the lush vegetation of the mountains and river for generations. The Miaoling Mountains located in Guizhou Province are the watershed (分水岭) between the Pearl River and the Yangtze River. Kaili City, the capital of Qiandongnan, is known as the Pearl of Miaoling Mountains. Just 10 kilometers from the city center, the 4 (wind) crystal-clear Bala River runs through the valley by the city. On the cliffs of the peaks on either side of the river 5 (sit) a cluster of Miao villages, scattered like pearls. The people who live in the ancient villages are sincere, kind, hospitable, and honest. 6 a tourist ever get lost, there were no need to worry. All that needs to do is just call out in a loud voice outside any courtyard, “Is anyone home? I’m lost.” A wooden window would open instantly and an elderly person would stick the head out, describing 7 the tourist should head in simple, basic Putonghua. The fantastically colored rice terraces (梯田) can be seen at the edge of the village path. The ripe rice is bent over 8 they were expressing gratefulness to the earth for giving it life. After the harvest is done, rice is neatly tied-up and arranged, waiting 9 (handle) better. Self-sufficiency in living off the land is a way of life that Miao families have handed down to their descendants for generations, and today the Miao people still maintain their traditional way of life and work 10 the gazing crowds of tourists who pass through their villages. (23-24高一下·上海宝山区·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Sora: OpenAl will now let you create videos from verbal cues Artificial intelligence leader OpenAI introduced a new AI model called Sora which it claims can create “realistic” and “imaginative” 60-second videos from quick text instructions. In a blog post on Wednesday, the company said Sora is capable of generating videos up to 60 seconds in length from text instructions, 1 (serve) up scenes with multiple characters, specific types of motion, and detailed background details. This is the latest effort from the company behind the viral chatbot ChatGPT, 2 continues to push the generative AI movement forward. 3 “multi-modal models” are not new and text-to-video models already exist, what sets this apart is the length and accuracy that OpenAI claims Sora to have, according to Reece Hayden, a senior analyst at market research firm ABI Research. Hayden said these types of AI models 4 have a big impact on digital entertainment. Sora 5 (make) available to online security professors soon in order to assess the product for harms or risks. It is also granting access to a number of visual artists, designers and filmmakers to collect feedback on 6 creative professionals could use it. For now, OpenAI said Sora is still a work 7 progress with clear “weaknesses,” particularly when it comes to spatial details of a prompt-mixing up left and right-and cause and effect. The latest update comes as OpenAI continues to advance ChatGPT. Earlier this week, the company said it is testing a feature in which users can control ChatGPT’s memory, allowing them to ask the platform to remember chats to make future conversations 8 (personalized) or tell it to forget something previously 9 (discuss). The company also said it plans to work with a team of experts 10 (test) the latest model and look closely at various areas including misinformation,hateful content and prejudice. (23-24高一下·上海七宝中学·期末) Directions:  After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.  For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Number of Steps a Day It Takes to Cut Risk of Early Death New research suggests exactly how many steps you need to take each day to reduce the risk of heart disease and early death. If you 61 (fail) in your pursuit of walking 10,000 steps a day — researchers have some good news for you. They found walking up to 10,000 steps a day reduces these risks. The lowest risk of early death was 62 people who took 9,000 to 10,500 steps a day. When it came to avoiding heart attack, people 63 (manage) around 9,700 steps a day had the lowest risks. Experts have previously found people who spend a lot of time sitting while awake are more likely 64 (suffer) an early death and develop heart disease. It has been unclear 65 walking can balance out the effects of sitting down for most of the day — until now. A study, published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, analysed data from 72,174 people 66 (age) around 61 from UK. Participants wore a device for seven days to measure their exercise levels. After a seven-year follow-up, 1,633 deaths and 6,190 cardiovascular (心脏血管的) events, such as heart attack, were recorded. The results showed any amount of daily steps above 2,200 a day were linked to lower death and heart disease — 67 the rest of the day was spent being inactive. Julie Ward, a senior nurse in the U.K., said, “We encourage people to stay active for 68 heart and circulatory health by doing 150 minutes of moderate exercise a week. “This can be any activity 69 fits into your lifestyle, such as taking regular walking breaks away from your computer screen, going to the gym, enjoying exercise classes, or even getting off the bus one stop 70 (early) to get more steps in.” (22-23高一下·上海建平中学·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A mysterious dog Recently, a museum uncovered a little dog hidden in early Picasso painting. 1 (reveal) during a technical analysis of the Spanish artist’s painting “Le Moulin de la Galette” ahead of an exhibition of his early works, the image of a charming dog has attracted a lot of attention. Opened at the Guggenheim on Friday, the new show “Young Picasso in Paris” includes 10 paintings and drawings made by Picasso upon his arrival in the French capital in 1900. “Le Moulin de la Galette” 2 (describe) a lively scene at a famous Parisian dance hall also painted by other artists. A sea of couples are seen dancing in fine hats, painted in quick brushwork, with three figures 3 (seat) at a table in the foreground. Museum experts were able to generate an image of what the dog originally looked like using X-ray scanning, 4 imaging technique that figures out the chemical elements in a painting, according to the Guggenheim’s senior paintings expert, Julie Barten. “It was interesting to me that he quickly painted over this dog, 5 would have been a rather amazing aspect of this painting,” Barten said in a phone call. The museum noted that the dog 6 (wear) a red bow bears a close similarity to a Cavalier King Charles spaniel. Though Barten cannot say for certain 7 Picasso opted to remove the dog from the scene, she suggested that the painter might have considered its lively face and attractive bow too distracting. Covering up the dog allows viewers 8 (look) more carefully at all of these other wonderful figures in the composition and experience the space in different ways. Picasso made other changes to the work, including 9 (switch) the gender presentations of a dancing couple and painting out an empty chair, according to the study. Modifying paintings later became part of Picasso’s regular practice, Barten said, adding that now “Le Moulin de la Galette” 10 (consider) one of the earliest examples of this. (23-24高一下·上海黄浦区·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The moment Alok Shukla first saw the forest in central India stretching out before him, he knew two things immediately. One: that this forest—known as the lungs of Chhattisgarh, home to thousands of local people, 1 (endanger) animals and rare plants—was one of the most beautiful places he had ever seen. And two: that he 2 (devote) his life to protecting it from being destroyed by big companies. The only question was, how? Twelve years later, Alok 3 smile at the memory. After all, what he has achieved in the past years has been impressive. On Monday, the 43-year-old 4 (award) the Goldman Environmental Prize, which was widely known as the green Nobel. Back in 2012, the Hasdeo Aranya forest in Chhattisgarh was under threat, because of its rich coal deposits (矿床). In India, the world’s second 5 (large) consumer of coal after China, those deposits are highly valuable. But the value of the forest to the local people was incalculable to Alok. He wasn’t the only one 6 (recognize) the value of the land: local government had declared that the forest should be protected a few years earlier. 7 this, so-called coal areas in the forest were put up for public sale. Alok realized they were sure to lose the battle 8 everyone came together. Out of this, the Save Hasdeo Aranya Committee (委员会) was set up, 9 (teach) people about the local laws and rights available. 10 also joined the different groups together effectively for the first time. Alok hopes winning the Goldman prize will inspire other movements globally—and once again focus attention on the forest. “Any tree being cut in Hasdeo Aranya is wrong, and our effort will be to save every tree.” he vows. (22-23高一下·上海实验·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The art of growing bald gracefully There are three important days in every bald(ing) man’s life: The day you realize you’re losing your hair, the day you realize you should shave off what remains, and the day you finally do. 1 (grow) bald gracefully is about reducing the gap between these milestones as far as possible. I learned this the hard way. My fear 2 all hairless men look the same is reinforced by the fact that people keep saying I look like my dad. No one 3 (note) this resemblance before. Now, suddenly, we`re like two shiny-headed. bearded peas in a pod. There is a certain poetic justice here, and I suffer regular flashbacks to the bald jokes I’d tell at my dad’s expense. Whether he’s 4 (blame) for my hairline is matter of debate. Studies of identical twins have found that heredity (遗传) factors account for around 80% of men’s tendency to go bald, 5 the genetics are poorly understood. An old wives’ tale dictates that hair loss is passed down via the mother, 6 means your maternal grandfather’s hairline is the best predictor of your own. Lifestyle factors can play a part, and I often wonder whether my fate was hastened by eating trans fats and not sleeping enough, or by living in big cities during some of its most seriously 7 (pollute) years. But my hairline’s retreat was likely predestined. As such, I am at peace with it. Although I didn’t grow bald gracefully, I can still aspire to be bald with grace. Anton was the first among my friends 8 (go) bald. While I had the luxury of holding out until aged 35, he was 18 when he first found clumps of hair on the pillow. Anton’s advice for me and fellow newcomers is as follows: Moisturize (滋润) your head daily, shave it every few days and wear hats to protect against the sun and heat loss alike. If you have a beard, keep it 9 (brush); if you’re muscly, be aware of terrifying people and disarm them with a smile. And remember, he concluded, the way you carry yourself matters more than 10 is — or isn’t — growing from the top of your head. (22-23高一下·上海交大附中·期末) Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Parental Instincts Last year in early summer, I was walking up the hill to my house in suburban Brisbane when I saw two birds, each about 6 centimeters tall, standing in my driveway. They didn’t seem to notice me 1 I was right in front of them and then they immediately scattered into the nearby bushes. I was quite excited by the idea of two special birds 2 (make) a nest in my front yard, although I didn’t really expect them to as wild birds don’t usually nest so close. A few weeks later, the birds reappeared. I found them crouching beside a tree off to the side of my driveway. As I approached them, I imagined that they’d run away like they did last time, but instead they 3 (stick) out their heads and made a threatening croaking sound 4 came from deep inside their throats. I did some research and found that the birds are burhinus grallarius(长尾石鸻). I still didn’t know 5 they were croaking at me until a short time later I made an amazing discovery: they 6 (lay) two eggs which hatched into two small birds racing around now. As I crept towards the birds, careful not to make any sudden movement, they started their croaking again, 7 (stretch) their necks forwards so they seemed longer and more threatening. I was watching them in awe when I suddenly tripped and fell to the ground. The birds took this 8 a threat and the father raced towards me, spreading his wings to shield the mother and the chicks while making 9 appear larger. I was sorry 10 (scare) them and left quickly. I am amazed by their bold actions. Their parental instincts kicked in and made them so courageous. It is hard not to be awed by nature. (22-23高一下·上海曹二附中·期末) Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given verbs, relative pronouns or adverbs, or conjunctions. Ancestry Travel Everyone loves a holiday! A little time off for some much- 1 (need) R&R(rest and relaxation)can be exactly the thing to re-energize and refresh. That said, if you’re struggling to think of your next destination then look no further. Don’t waste time 2 (debate). Let your blood decide. Everybody has a lineage(血统). Recently, finding out more 3 our family origins has become popular. By the start of 2019, 26 million people 4 (take) an ancestry DNA test at home, according to a report by MIT Technology Review. They believe by 2021 this number will have risen to 100 million. This trend 5 (notice) by opportunistic travel operators. Some are looking to provide a service that both allows people to trace their heritage—by literally going back to their roots—and travel to the destinations 6 their ancestors originated. Recently, Airbnb, an online lodging market place, has partnered with 23andMe, a DNA testing and analysis company, 7 (offer) recommendations that encourage travellers to walk in the footsteps of their forefathers. And they aren’t the only ones. The Shelbourne hotel in Dublin has its own “genealogy butler(家谱管家)”. Hellen Kelly offers consultations to help guests trace their Irish line of descent(后代)using official records, 8 allows them to “fill in the blanks of their Irish ancestry”, she told Good Morning America. The Conte Club, a luxury travel company, offers custom itineraries(行程)based on DNA tests. “These experiences are about exploring deeper into 9 we really are,” says Conte Club CEO Rebecca Fielding in an article in the Condé Nast Traveler. “It might be the most meaningful trip we can take.” So next time you think of going on vacation, why not take a DNA test first? 10 you know how far your family has come, take the time to holiday back. (22-23高一下·上海进才中学·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. “Love is dead,” we say, reading yet another story of a celebrity split. We likely don’t know the Hollywood stars, let alone have a close relationship with them, and yet, here we are mourning the tragedy with friends and on social media 1 it were a personal loss. Apparently, it’s not unusual to feel completely heartsick over a celebrity breakup, according to Lindsay Henderson, PsyD, a psychologist 2 treats patients virtually via telehealth app, LiveHealthOnline. “Generally speaking, part of the general public’s ever-present fascination with the lives of celebrities stems from the fact that we tend to view celebrities as successful people,” she says. “As such, we strive 3 (learn)from their actions in an attempt to be successful ourselves.” Chris Pratt and Anna Faris are the most recent example of this dynamic. They announced their breakup earlier this week, explaining that they “tried hard for a long time” and are “really disappointed.” The couple was far from alone in that. Thousands took to social media to express their sadness. “When a celebrity couple breaks up, the part of ourselves that we try to model after the celebrity, whether consciously or unconsciously, 4 (question) and even injured,” Dr. Henderson explains. “Our over-identification with the celebrity ends up causing personal discomfort, and 5 we have elevated them to achieving such enviable success, their failings can sometimes be more troubling to us than 6 of the people in our lives that we actually know and have relationships with.” The sadness 7 (feel) by celebrity breakups do, of course, point back to our own reality. “A breakup is a rude reminder 8 the pain and struggle that comes with a negative event can happen to anyone; if divorce can happen to them, it can certainly happen to us too,” Dr. Henderson adds. Luckily, all hope is not lost, and we can mentally prepare for the next celebrity split so it doesn’t feel as devastating. First, it’s important to recognize and acknowledge 9 upsetting these breakups can be. “It is good to remind 10 that celebrities are normal people facing the same basic human emotions and struggles that everyone else does,” Dr. Henderson says. After that, it’s all about not trying to emulate (模仿) celebrities’ lifestyles, but instead, living through your own journey. (23-24高一下·上海世外中学·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.  For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The family who eats together What’s the price of a family meal? For many families in the world’s wealthiest countries, the answer seems to be, ‘too much’. For instance, in the United States, 1 is often a trendsetter in such things, the majority of families report eating a single meal together fewer than five days a week. In fact, the frequency of shared meals 2 (decrease) in American families by 33 per cent over the last twenty years. The meals 3 have shortened too: from an average of 90 minutes to just 12 minutes. So perhaps we’re better off asking ourselves 4 the cost of not eating together is. Once again, we could turn to the figures. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development has found that 15-year-olds who reported not regularly 5 (share) family meals were twice as likely to be absent from school. In Europe, research has suggested that children who don’t eat dinner with their parents at least twice a week face a 40 per cent higher risk of fatness. Another study, 6 (conduct) by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (滥用) at Columbia University, found that kids who eat dinner with their parents five or more times a week are 7 (likely) to have problems with drugs and alcohol. But those numbers, impressive 8 they seem, may be beside the point. After all, having a meal together is more than just a preventive measure 139 future misfortune. The primary cost of the family meal is also the very thing that makes it important: time. The time spent together over food leads to all the positive outcomes that are measured in the studies. That time spent together has less noticeable—but no less real—effects too. So often, 9 is at the family meal that the family as such—the family as an organic unit with shared memories and feelings and ambitions—is made. (22-23高一下·上海交大附中·期末) Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Big Tech nervous as Europe prepares to regulate AI European lawmakers are putting the finishing touches on a set of wide-ranging rules designed to govern the use of artificial intelligence. If passed, those rules would make the E.U. the first major jurisdiction(司法管辖区域) outside of China 1 (pass) targeted AI regulation. And tech companies are lobbying(游说) hard amid the battle over the scope of the rules. The E.U. Artificial Intelligence Act is likely to ban AI that ranks citizens 2 base) on their behavior and facial recognition in public. The rules could set a global standard, as companies may find it easier to obey E.U. rules in all countries, 3 to build different products for different jurisdictions. One of the act’s most controversial points is whether so-called general-purpose AIs—like ChatGPT— 4 be considered high risk, and thus subject to the strictest rules. Lobbying 5 this possibility are Big Tech companies, including Google and OpenAI’s biggest investor Microsoft, which 6 (invest) billions of dollars into building general-purpose AIs and seek to benefit from licensing them out to smaller companies. “Predicting all potential risks” of general-purpose AIs would 7   be near impossible but also hold back innovation, a letter to E.U. lawmakers co-signed by Microsoft in late 2022 says; instead, it recommends, the new rules should place the regulatory burden on the often smaller companies 8 apply Big Tech’s AIs to specific risky use cases. 9 (categorize) general-purpose AI systems as “high risk” would be wrong, Google argued in a separate letter to E.U. regulators, and could harm consumers and hold back innovation in Europe. A group of progressive politicians and technologists resist this idea, arguing that excluding 10 (powerful) AI systems from the new E.U. rules would be similar to passing social media regulation that didn’t apply to Facebook or TikTok. 试卷第14页，共14页 试卷第13页，共14页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 专题01 语法填空（上海名校优选试题）15篇 (23-24高一下·上海交大附中·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Hearing from successful people who had no clue at age 19 where they’d actually end up 1 (prove) reassuring to sophomore Emily Ford this weekend. Ford was among the 100second-year students who attended the kickoff for “Sophomore Spark,” a QuadEx program designed 2 (meet) the personal, professional and intellectual needs of sophomores. The Sophomore Spark Summit, 3 pilot launch event held Saturday afternoon at the Rubenstein Arts Center, included engaging keynote speakers, conversations with alumni, and interactive sessions on managing stress and connecting with the creative, right-side of the brain. Sophomore Spark co-chairs, Greg Victory, assistant vice president and Fannie Mitchell executive director of the career center, and Jenny Wood Crowley, assistant vice provost for intellectual community in the Office of Undergraduate Education, said sophomore year 4 be an exceptionally challenging and growth-filled time, when students wrestle with ways that purpose and value intersect (交叉) with academic and career journeys. “We want them to see they have the skills, resources and mentors already here.” Victory said. “And to let them know they don’t have to have it all 5 (figure out) right away.” Wood Crowley shared a one-on-one conversation with Rishab Jagetia, a sophomore who cares about environmentalism and economic justice. He asked her to help him generate more serious student engagement with those societal issues 6 the classroom so that students could break the boundaries of textbooks and lectures to explore more about potential careers. “I explained that programs like Sophomore Spark will be an integral part of the QuadEx experience 7 it fully launches this fall,” Wood Crowley said. “Building community, highlighting resources, and providing meaningful connections between students and faculty, 8 the Spark Summit did, are essential components of the new residential living and learning model.” Ford said she particularly enjoyed the keynote talk about “unleashing one’s superpowers” and the nonlinear career path of speaker Sanyin Siang, Pratt ‘96 MBA’02. “One of the reasons I came was to hear people’s stories,” Ford told Siang in a breakout improve session they both attended. “I’d been feeling lost. Since freshman year, I thought I wanted to do premed (医科大学预科). Now I’ve started taking 9 (much) of a variety of classes that are not STEM, I’ve been feeling so much better. Coming today was a really good decision.” The Sophomore Spark Summit 10 (make) possible by the generous support of Stacey and Dan Levitan. 【答案】 1．proved 2．to meet 3．a 4．can 5．figured out 6．beyond/outside 7．when/after 8．which 9．more 10．was made 【导语】本文的体裁属于新闻报道。文章详细介绍了某大学针对二年级学生开展的“Sophomore Spark”项目的情况，包括项目的目的、活动内容、参与者反馈以及项目得到的支持等信息。 1．考查动词时态。句意：这个周末，从那些在19岁时不知道自己最终会走向何方的成功人士那里听到的消息，让大二学生Emily Ford感到放心。本空为句子谓语，根据this weekend可知，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用prove“被发现是，最终显现为”的过去式。故填proved。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：Ford是参加“Sophomore Spark”启动仪式的100名二年级学生之一，这是QuadEx的一个项目，旨在满足高二学生的个人、专业和智力需求。本句系动词为was，此处为非谓语动词，此处designed后面需接meet“满足”的不定式，作目的状语。故填to meet。 3．考查冠词。句意：周六下午在Rubenstein Arts Center举行的“Sophomore Spark Summit”一个试点启动活动，包括吸引人的主题演讲、与校友的对话以及关于管理压力和激发大脑创造性右侧的互动环节。此处泛指“一个试点启动活动”，且pilot以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 4．考查情态动词。句意：Sophomore Spark的联合主席、职业中心助理副总裁格Greg Victory和执行主任Fannie Mitchell，以及本科教育办公室负责智力社区的助理副教务长Jenny Wood Crowley表示，大二可能是一段极具挑战性和充满成长的时期，学生们在学术和职业生涯中努力寻找目标和价值的交叉点。此处表示客观可能性，应用情态动词can。故填can。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：让他们知道，他们不必马上把所有事情都弄清楚。have sth. done“使得某物被做”结构中，sth.与done之间是被动关系，此处figure out“解决，弄清楚”与逻辑主语it为被动关系，用过去分词，作宾补。故填figured out。 6．考查介词。句意：他请求她帮助他增进学生对这些社会问题在课堂之外的认真参与，以便学生们能够打破课本和讲座的界限，探索更多潜在的职业道路。表示“在课堂之外”，用beyond/outside the classroom。故填beyond或outside。 7．考查时间状语从句。句意：Wood Crowley说：“我解释说，像‘Sophomore Spark’这样的项目将在今年秋天全面启动后成为QuadEx体验中不可或缺的一部分。”本空引导时间状语从句，用when“当……时候”引导或者after表示“……之后”。故填when/after。 8．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：建立社区，突出资源，并在学生和教师之间提供有意义的联系，这些都是Spark Summit所做的，是新住宅生活和学习模式的重要组成部分。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Building community, highlighting resources, and providing meaningful connections between students and faculty，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作did的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 9．考查形容词比较级。句意：现在我开始上更多非STEM的课程，感觉好多了。此处表示与之前相比，现在上课的种类更加多样，应用形容词比较级more“更多”。故填more。 10．考查动词语态。句意：Sophomore Spark峰会得到了Stacey和Dan Levitan的慷慨支持才得以实现。此处缺乏谓语动词，描述过去的事实，句子时态用一般过去时，且主语The Sophomore Spark Summit与make“使得”之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was made。 (23-24高一下·上海华一附中·期末) Feeling depressed or lonely can age us faster than smoking, researchers say Feeling unhappy, depressed or lonely could speed up the ageing processes more than smoking or even certain diseases, researchers have suggested. While everyone has an age based on their date of birth - “chronological age”, they also have   1 is known as a “biological age”, based on the ageing of the body’s functions, influenced by genetics, lifestyle and other factors. Studies have previously suggested the higher the biological age, the higher the risk of various diseases, and the risk of death. Now researchers say they have created a digital model of ageing, 2 (reveal) the importance of psychological health. “Your body and soul are connected, 3 is our main message,” said Fedor Galkin, a co-author of the study and lead scientist at the Hong Kong startup Deep Longevity. “We demonstrate that psychological factors, such as feeling unhappy or being lonely, add up to 1.65 years to one’s biological age,” they write. While Galkin said the figure is an estimate, not least as the model assumes that different feelings like hopelessness or fearfulness are independent of each other, the study highlights that 4 fast we age is significantly associated with our psychological state. “Taking care of your psychological health is the greatest contributor that you can have to 5 (slow) down your pace of ageing,” he said. The team also report that people who smoke 6 (predict) to be 15 months older than their non-smoking peers while living in urban areas reduces biological age   7 five months. Similarly, 8 (marry) takes about seven months off one’s biological age. But, he said, it is unlikely isolation and loneliness are truly worse risk factors for health than smoking, while the study only looked at the data that 9 (collect) at one point in time. “The researchers did not follow up participants to show that those with psychological distress actually aged more rapidly,” he said. “It will be important in the future 10 （test）whether these predictions can be fulfilled by repeating testing over a number of years.” 【答案】 1．what 2．revealing 3．which 4．how 5．slowing 6．are predicted 7．by 8．being married 9．had been collected 10．to test 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明孤独抑郁比吸烟更容易让人衰老。 1．考查连接词。句意：虽然每个人都有一个基于出生日期的年龄——“实足年龄”，但他们也有一个所谓的“生物年龄”，基于身体功能的衰老，受遗传、生活方式和其他因素的影响。have后接宾语从句，从句缺少主语，连接词为what。故填what。 2．考查非谓语。句意：现在，研究人员表示，他们已经创建了一个衰老的数字模型，揭示了心理健康的重要性。空处为非谓语动词，与上文为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填revealing。 3．考查定语从句。句意：你的身体和灵魂是相连的，这是我们的主要信息。空处为非限制性定语从句，指代前面的整个句子做主语，关系代词为which。故填which。 4．考查连接词。句意：虽然加尔金说这个数字只是一个估计，尤其是因为该模型假设绝望或恐惧等不同的感觉是相互独立的，但该研究强调，我们衰老的速度与我们的心理状态有很大关系。空处为主语从句，表示“多么”用how来引导。构成how+副词+主语+谓语。故填how。 5．考查动名词。句意：他说:“照顾好自己的心理健康是减缓衰老速度的最大因素。to表示“对于”为介词，后接动名词作宾语。故填slowing。 6．考查时态语态。句意：研究小组还报告说，吸烟的人预计会比不吸烟的同龄人老15个月，而生活在城市地区的人会比不吸烟的同龄人少5个月的生理年龄。本句在陈述事实，为一般现在时，主语people与谓语predict为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are predicted。 7．考查介词。句意：研究小组还报告说，吸烟的人预计会比不吸烟的同龄人老15个月，而生活在城市地区的人会比不吸烟的同龄人少5个月的生理年龄。表示“减少了”，用短语reduce…by。故填by。 8．考查动名词。句意：同样，结婚会使一个人的生理年龄减少七个月。结婚为be marry，本句为动名词作主语。故填being married。 9．考查时态语态。句意：但是，他说，孤立和孤独不太可能真的是比吸烟更严重的健康风险因素，而这项研究只研究了在某个时间点收集的数据。Collect发生的动词发生在looked之前，表示过去的过去，且主语data与collect为被动关系，所以本句为过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been collected。 10．考查不定式。句意：在未来，通过多年的重复测试来测试这些预测是否能够实现将是很重要的。动词不定式作真正的主语，it作形式主语。故填to test。 (23-24高一下·上海师大闵行附中·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why would someone decide to stop eating? We know that the body needs food in order to function well. However, many people fast at some time during their lives. Why is this? Some people fast for political reasons. In the early 20th century, women in England and the United States 1 (not allow) to vote. In protest, many women went on fasts. They hoped that fasting 2 (bring) attention to this injustice. Mohandas Gandhi, the famous Indian leader, fasted 17 times during his life. For Gandhi, fasting was a powerful political tool. In 1943, he fasted to bring attention to his country’s need for independence. For 21 days, he went without food. Another famous faster was Cesar Chavez. In the 1960s, he fasted for three weeks. Why? His goal was 3 (arouse) people’s awareness of the terrible working conditions of farm workers in the United States. Fasting is also a spiritual practice in many religions. Every year during the month of Ramadan, 4 is a religious holiday, Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset. Many Hindus fast on special occasions, as do some Christians and Buddhists. Of course, not everyone fasts for political or religious reasons. Some people occasionally fast just 5 it makes them feel better. The American writer Mark Twain thought fasting was the best medicine for common illnesses. 6 he had a cold or a fever, he stopped eating completely. He said that this always made his cold or fever go away. Another American writer, Upton Sinclair, discovered 7 fasting brought about after years of overeating, indigestion, and headaches. His first fast last for 12 days. During this time, his headaches and stomachaches went away. Sinclair said that fasting also made him 8 (alert) and energetic. Despite the advantages, choosing to go 9 food can be very dangerous. However, that doesn’t stop people from 10 (fast) for political, religious, or health reasons. 【答案】 1．weren’t allowed 2．would bring 3．to arouse 4．which 5．because 6．Whenever 7．what 8．more alert 9．without 10．fasting 【导语】本文的体裁是说明文，文章主要介绍了人们选择禁食的原因。 1．考查被动语态。句意：在 20 世纪初，英国和美国的女性不被允许投票。主语women与动词allow之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语in the early 20th century，要用一般过去时的被动语态，故填weren’t allowed。 2．考查过去将来时。句意：她们希望禁食会引起对这种不公正的关注。主句hoped是一般过去时，宾语从句要用过去将来时，故填would bring。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：他的目标是唤起人们对美国农场工人恶劣工作条件的认识。空白处在句子中做表语表示主语的目的，用动词不定式，故填to arouse。 4．考查定语从句。句意：每年在斋月期间，这是一个宗教节日，穆斯林从日出到日落禁食。这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是Ramadan，在定语从句中作主语，且逗号前是非限制性定语从句，不能用that，故填which。 5．考查连词。句意：有些人偶尔禁食只是因为这让他们感觉更好。根据下文“it makes them feel better (这让他们感觉更好)”可知前后句是因果关系，故填because。 6．考查连词。句意：每当他感冒或发烧时，他就完全停止进食。根据空白处下文“he had a cold or a fever(他感冒或发烧)”可知，这是一个包含时间状语从句的复合句，whenever 表示“无论何时；每当”，引导时间状语从句，故填Whenever。 7．考查宾语从句。句意：另一位美国作家厄普顿·辛克莱在多年暴饮暴食、消化不良和头痛之后发现了禁食带来的影响。discovered后接宾语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，故填what。 8．考查形容词的比较级。句意：辛克莱说，禁食也让他更警觉、更有活力。根据上文“His first fast last for 12 days. During this time, his headaches and stomachaches went away.(他的禁食持续了12天。在此期间，他的头疼和肚子痛消失了)”可知，此处将禁食前后进行比较，应使用形容词的比较级，故填more alert。 9．考查介词。句意：尽管有这些好处，但选择不吃东西可能非常危险。根据上文“His first fast last for 12 days (他的禁食持续了12天)”可知此处说的是禁食，go without为固定短语，表示“没有……也行；忍受没有……”，故填without。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，这并没有阻止人们出于政治、宗教或健康原因禁食。stop sb. from doing sth为固定短语，表示“阻止某人做某事”，from是介词，后接动名词，故填fasting。 (23-24高一下·上海复旦附中·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fit s each blank. Modifying Your Memories It has always been thought that the purpose of our memory is to file away and later allow us to recall everything that happens in our lives, like a 1 (record) device. When we recall a memory, we go into the brain library, take out a file, look at it and then put it back 2 it was. The files may get a little dust y over the years, but they are always there and they never change. However, new research shows this understanding of memory is not that accurate. What memory is 3 (redefine). To start with, there is no central memory bank; elements of memories are stored separately 4 each other so that things related to a particular memory — the smells, sounds, emotions, physical touch, pictures, etc. — are held in different areas of the brain, and it is only in the act of recalling that they are all brought together. 5 researchers hold to be true now is that every time we recall a memory, aspects of that memory can change slightly. This means memories are 6 (flexible) than previously thought. The parallel would be more like bringing up a file on the computer, modifying and then saving 7 again. This understanding has been crucial in enabling scientists to erase and replace memories in quite innovative ways. On a positive note, this is paving the way for new treatments of disorders, like depression and alcohol addiction. In a recent study, a mouse is put into a totally new, empty environment 8 depresses it and leads it to refuse to move. A switch on a laser machine introduces a previously happy memory to the mouse and it runs around 9 (satisfy), showing relaxed, normal behavior. Science fiction? No, not at all. It’s happening here and now. The impossible is becoming possible 10 (fulfill). 【答案】 1．recording 2．where 3．has been redefined 4．from 1．What 2．more flexible 3．it 4．which/that 5．satisfied 6．to fulfill 【导语】这是一篇说明文。新的研究发现，记忆的元素彼此分开存储，只有在回忆的过程中，它们才被整合在一起，每次我们回忆起一段记忆时，记忆的某些方面都会发生轻微的变化。这种理解对于科学家以相当创新的方式消除和替换记忆至关重要。文章对此进行了详细介绍。 1．考查动名词。句意：人们一直认为，记忆的目的是将生活中发生的每一件事归档，然后让我们回忆起来，就像一台记录装置。a recording device意为“记录装置”，此处应用动名词作定语表示用途和功能。故填recording。 2．考查状语从句。句意：当我们回忆起一段记忆时，我们进入大脑库，拿出一个文件，看一看，然后把它放回原来的地方。“ it was”是地点状语从句，根据句意，表示“(它原来所在的)地方”，应用连词where引导该从句。故填where。 3．考查现在完成时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：记忆是什么被重新定义了。动词redefine意为“重新定义”，和主语从句what memory is构成被动关系。此处表示动作发生在过去，但对现在产生结果或影响，应用现在完成时。主语为从句，谓语应用三单形式。故填has been redefined。 4．考查介词。句意：首先，没有中央记忆库；记忆的元素彼此分开存储，因此与特定记忆相关的东西——气味、声音、情感、身体接触、图片等——被保存在大脑的不同区域，只有在回忆的过程中，它们才被整合在一起。separately from each other意为“彼此分开”，此处应用介词from。故填from。 5．考查主语从句。句意：研究人员现在认为，每次我们回忆起一段记忆时，记忆的某些方面都会发生轻微的变化。在主语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，应用连接代词what。句首首字母应大写。故填What。 6．考查比较级。句意：这意味着记忆比我们之前认为的更灵活。根据“than previously thought”可知，此处应用形容词比较级more flexible表示“更灵活的”作表语。故填more flexible。 7．考查代词。句意：这种并行更像是在计算机上打开一个文件，修改然后再次保存它。代指前文中的a file应用代词it。故填it。 8．考查定语从句。句意：在最近的一项研究中，把一只老鼠放在一个全新的、空旷的环境中，使它感到沮丧，并导致它拒绝移动。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为environment，应用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。 9．考查形容词。句意：激光机器上的一个开关给老鼠带来了以前快乐的记忆，老鼠就会满意地到处跑，表现出放松、正常的行为。根据“showing relaxed, normal behavior”可知，此处应用形容词satisfied表示“满意的”作状语。故填satisfied。 10．考查动词不定式。句意：不可能变成了可能。become possible to do意为“变得可能做某事”，此处应用to do不定式。动词fulfill意为“实现”。故填fulfill。 (23-24高一下·上海建平中学·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Fascinating Culture of the Miao People The Miao ethnicity of China has a long history, rich culture, and an ancient folk religion. 1 (decorate) with beautiful traditional clothes, they live in uniquely designed architecture. Throughout history, the Miao people were constantly migrating, always on the move. In more modern times, part of the Miao people gradually settled down in southeast Asian countries. Today, the Miao people in China 2 (concentrate) in eight provinces, autonomous regions, and cities in southwest and south-central China, 3 Guizhou Province has the largest population. The Miao people have lived the lush vegetation of the mountains and river for generations. The Miaoling Mountains located in Guizhou Province are the watershed (分水岭) between the Pearl River and the Yangtze River. Kaili City, the capital of Qiandongnan, is known as the Pearl of Miaoling Mountains. Just 10 kilometers from the city center, the 4 (wind) crystal-clear Bala River runs through the valley by the city. On the cliffs of the peaks on either side of the river 5 (sit) a cluster of Miao villages, scattered like pearls. The people who live in the ancient villages are sincere, kind, hospitable, and honest. 6 a tourist ever get lost, there were no need to worry. All that needs to do is just call out in a loud voice outside any courtyard, “Is anyone home? I’m lost.” A wooden window would open instantly and an elderly person would stick the head out, describing 7 the tourist should head in simple, basic Putonghua. The fantastically colored rice terraces (梯田) can be seen at the edge of the village path. The ripe rice is bent over 8 they were expressing gratefulness to the earth for giving it life. After the harvest is done, rice is neatly tied-up and arranged, waiting 9 (handle) better. Self-sufficiency in living off the land is a way of life that Miao families have handed down to their descendants for generations, and today the Miao people still maintain their traditional way of life and work 10 the gazing crowds of tourists who pass through their villages. 【答案】 1．Decorated 2．are concentrated 3．among which/of which    4．winding   5．sits   6．Should 7．where 8．as if/as though 9．to be handled 10．despite 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国苗族悠久的历史、丰富的文化和古老的民间宗教，以及他们独特的服饰、建筑和生活方式。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们穿着漂亮的传统服装，居住在独特设计的建筑中。“_____ (decorate) with beautiful traditional clothes”作伴随状语，decorate(装饰)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语they之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填Decorated。 2．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：今天，中国的苗族人主要集中在中国西南部和中南部的八个省、自治区和城市，其中贵州省的人口最多。concentrate(使……集中或聚集)是谓语动词，与主语the Miao people之间是被动关系，结合时间状语Today可知，描述当前状态，用一般现在时态，名词people作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。故填are concentrated。 3．考查定语从句。句意：今天，中国的苗族人主要集中在中国西南部和中南部的八个省、自治区和城市，其中贵州省的人口最多。“_____ Guizhou Province has the largest population”是定语从句，修饰先行词“eight provinces, autonomous regions, and cities”，关系词将其代入定语从句中作状语，表示“在八个省、自治区和城市中”，可用“介词among/of+关系代词which”引导该从句。故填among/of which。 4．考查形容词。句意：离市中心仅10公里，蜿蜒清澈的巴拉河穿过城市的山谷。提示词修饰名词Bala River，用同根形容词winding作定语，意为“曲折的，蜿蜒的”。故填winding。 5．考查倒装句型、时态和主谓一致。句意：在河流两岸的山峰悬崖上，散落着一簇簇苗族村寨，像珍珠一样。本句是倒装句型，主语是a cluster of Miao villages，sit(坐落在)是谓语动词，与主语之间是主动关系，结合句意，描述客观事实，用一般现在时态，又因“a cluster of+名词”作主语时，其后的谓语动词通常使用单数形式。故填sits。 6．考查固定句型和虚拟语气。句意：如果游客迷路了，也不用担心。根据句意，“_____ a tourist ever get lost”是虚拟条件状语从句，原句为“If a tourist should ever get lost”，在虚拟条件句中，如果有助动词should，可省略连词if，并将should置于从句句首；句首单词首字母大写。故填Should。 7．考查宾语从句。句意：一扇木窗会立刻打开，一位老人会把头伸出来，用简单、基本的普通话描述游客应该去哪里。“_____ the tourist should head”是宾语从句，结合句意，表示“游客应该去哪里”，用应连接副词where引导该从句，并在句中作地点状语。故填where。 8．考查状语从句。句意：成熟的稻子弯下了腰，好像在对大地赐予它生命表示感谢。根据句意，“_____ they were expressing gratefulness to the earth for giving it life”是方式状语从句，表示“好像……”，用连词as if或者as though引导该从句。故填as if/though。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：收割完毕后，稻子被整齐地捆扎起来，排列好，等待更好的处理。wait to do固定搭配，用不定式作宾语，又因handle与其逻辑主语rice之间是被动关系，所以用不定式的被动形式to be handled作宾语。故填to be handled。 10．考查介词。句意：如今，苗族人仍然保持着他们的传统生活方式和工作方式，尽管有成群的游客穿过他们的村庄。根据句意，“_____ the gazing crowds of tourists who pass through their villages”是让步状语，表示“尽管”，用介词despite构成介词短语作状语。故填despite。 (23-24高一下·上海宝山区·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Sora: OpenAl will now let you create videos from verbal cues Artificial intelligence leader OpenAI introduced a new AI model called Sora which it claims can create “realistic” and “imaginative” 60-second videos from quick text instructions. In a blog post on Wednesday, the company said Sora is capable of generating videos up to 60 seconds in length from text instructions, 1 (serve) up scenes with multiple characters, specific types of motion, and detailed background details. This is the latest effort from the company behind the viral chatbot ChatGPT, 2 continues to push the generative AI movement forward. 3 “multi-modal models” are not new and text-to-video models already exist, what sets this apart is the length and accuracy that OpenAI claims Sora to have, according to Reece Hayden, a senior analyst at market research firm ABI Research. Hayden said these types of AI models 4 have a big impact on digital entertainment. Sora 5 (make) available to online security professors soon in order to assess the product for harms or risks. It is also granting access to a number of visual artists, designers and filmmakers to collect feedback on 6 creative professionals could use it. For now, OpenAI said Sora is still a work 7 progress with clear “weaknesses,” particularly when it comes to spatial details of a prompt-mixing up left and right-and cause and effect. The latest update comes as OpenAI continues to advance ChatGPT. Earlier this week, the company said it is testing a feature in which users can control ChatGPT’s memory, allowing them to ask the platform to remember chats to make future conversations 8 (personalized) or tell it to forget something previously 9 (discuss). The company also said it plans to work with a team of experts 10 (test) the latest model and look closely at various areas including misinformation,hateful content and prejudice. 【答案】 1．serving 2．which 3．While/Though/Although 4．can 5．will be made 6．how 7．in 8．more personalized 9．discussed 10．to test 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了OpenAI新推出的AI模型Sora，该模型能根据简短文本指令生成长达60秒的视频，有望深刻影响数字娱乐领域。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：周三，该公司在博客文章中表示，Sora能够根据简短的文字指令生成长达60秒的视频，提供包含多个角色、特定类型的动作和详细背景细节的场景。空处位于省略that的宾语从句中，根据从句谓语动词is可知，空处需用非谓语动词形式作伴随状语，动词serve“提供”与从句主语Sora之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填serving。 2．考查定语从句。句意：这是风靡一时的聊天机器人ChatGPT背后的公司的最新努力，它继续推动生成人工智能运动向前发展。根据空前谓语动词is和空后谓语动词continues，且句子不能构成并列句，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the company，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 3．考查让步状语从句。句意：ABI Research的高级分析师Reece Hayden表示，虽然“多模态模型”并不新鲜，文本到视频的模型已经存在，但根据OpenAI声称的Sora的长度和准确性，这使其与众不同。根据句子的谓语动词are和is，以及前后句意的对比转折关系可知，空处引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”，可用while/though/although引导，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填While/Though/Although。 4．考查情态动词。句意：Hayden说，这类AI模型可能对数字娱乐产生重大影响。空处位于省略that的宾语从句中，根据已有动词原形have及句意可知，空处需填情态动词，表示能力或可能性，应用can，表明这类模型有潜力带来大的影响。故填can。 5．考查时态和语态。句意：Sora 将很快提供给在线安全专家，以便他们评估该产品是否存在危害或风险。空处是句子的谓语动词，根据soon可知，句子讲述的是将来的事情，应用一般将来时，且Sora与make之间为被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be made。 6．考查宾语从句。句意：它还向一些视觉艺术家、设计师和电影制作人开放访问，以收集反馈，了解创意专业人士如何使用它。根据空前谓语动词is和空后谓语动词could use可知，空处引导宾语从句作介词on的宾语，从句中缺少方式状语，应用how引导，说明他们想要了解的是使用方式。故填how。 7．考查介词短语。句意：目前，OpenAI表示Sora仍是一个正在进行中的工作，有明显的“弱点”，特别是在空间细节提示方面会混淆左右和因果关系。in progress为固定搭配，意为“正在进行中”。故填in。 8．考查形容词比较级。句意：本周早些时候，该公司表示正在测试一项功能，该功能允许用户控制ChatGPT的记忆，使他们能够要求平台记住聊天内容，以便使未来的对话更加个性化，或者告诉它忘记之前讨论过的某事。根据空前make future conversations可知，此处应用形容词作宾补，且与未使用此功能前的情况相比，应用形容词personalized的比较级more personalized表示“更加个性化的”。故填more personalized。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：本周早些时候，该公司表示正在测试一项功能，该功能允许用户控制ChatGPT的记忆，使他们能够要求平台记住聊天内容，以便使未来的对话更加个性化，或者告诉它忘记之前讨论过的某事。根据空前的不定代词something和副词previously可知，空处需用discuss的适当形式与previously一起修饰something，something与discuss之间为被动关系，应用过去分词discussed，作后置定语。故填discussed。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：该公司还表示，计划与一个专家团队合作，测试最新模型，并密切关注包括错误信息、恶意内容和偏见在内的各个领域。空处位于省略that的宾语从句中，根据从句谓语动词plans可知，空处需用非谓语动词形式，空处表目的，应用不定式形式to test，说明与专家团队合作的目的。故填to test。 (23-24高一下·上海七宝中学·期末) Directions:  After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.  For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Number of Steps a Day It Takes to Cut Risk of Early Death New research suggests exactly how many steps you need to take each day to reduce the risk of heart disease and early death. If you 61 (fail) in your pursuit of walking 10,000 steps a day — researchers have some good news for you. They found walking up to 10,000 steps a day reduces these risks. The lowest risk of early death was 62 people who took 9,000 to 10,500 steps a day. When it came to avoiding heart attack, people 63 (manage) around 9,700 steps a day had the lowest risks. Experts have previously found people who spend a lot of time sitting while awake are more likely 64 (suffer) an early death and develop heart disease. It has been unclear 65 walking can balance out the effects of sitting down for most of the day — until now. A study, published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, analysed data from 72,174 people 66 (age) around 61 from UK. Participants wore a device for seven days to measure their exercise levels. After a seven-year follow-up, 1,633 deaths and 6,190 cardiovascular (心脏血管的) events, such as heart attack, were recorded. The results showed any amount of daily steps above 2,200 a day were linked to lower death and heart disease — 67 the rest of the day was spent being inactive. Julie Ward, a senior nurse in the U.K., said, “We encourage people to stay active for 68 heart and circulatory health by doing 150 minutes of moderate exercise a week. “This can be any activity 69 fits into your lifestyle, such as taking regular walking breaks away from your computer screen, going to the gym, enjoying exercise classes, or even getting off the bus one stop 70 (early) to get more steps in.” 【答案】 1．fail/have failed 2．among/in/for 3．managing 4．to suffer 5．whether 6．aged 7．even if/even though 8．their 9．that 10．earlier 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，该研究表明每天走多少步可以降低早逝的风险。 1．考查时态、主谓一致。句意：如果你每天走一万步的目标失败了，研究人员给你带来了好消息。根据句意及a day可知，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为you，故谓语fail“失败”用动词原形；或者fail这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态应用现在完成时，又因主语是you，所以助动词用have。故填fail或have failed。 2．考查介词。句意：早死风险最低的在那些每天走9000到10500步的人中。根据句意可知，表示“在……中”，且是很多人当中，用介词among或in。或者翻译为“对应，对”，用介词for。故填among或in或for。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在避免心脏病发作方面，每天走9700步左右的人风险最低。本句谓语为had，此处为非谓语动词，且people与manage“完成”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作定语，修饰people。故填managing。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：专家们此前发现，醒着时长时间坐着的人更容易早死和患心脏病。be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”，应用suffer“（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难”的不定式。故填to suffer。 5．考查主语从句。句意：直到现在，人们还不清楚走路是否能抵消一天中大部分时间坐着的影响。分析句子结构可知，It为形式主语，本空引导主语从句，从句缺少“是否”的含义，应用whether引导。故填whether。 6．考查形容词。句意：发表在《英国运动医学杂志》上的一项研究分析了来自英国的72174名61岁左右的人的数据。表示“年龄为……岁的”，所以用形容词aged构成形容词短语作后置定语，故填aged。 7．考查让步状语从句。句意：结果显示，每天超过2200步的步数与降低死亡率和心脏病有关——即使一天中剩下的时间都不活动。根据句意可知此处引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”，故填even if/even though。 8．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：我们鼓励人们每周进行150分钟的适度运动，以保持心脏和循环系统的健康。放在名词前面，所以用形容词性物主代词their“他们的”，故填their。 9．考查定语从句。句意：这可以是任何适合你生活方式的活动，比如离开电脑屏幕定期散步，去健身房，参加健身课程，甚至提前一站下车多走几步。分析句子结构可知，本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是activity，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，前面有any修饰，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。 10．考查副词比较级。句意：这可以是任何适合你生活方式的活动，比如离开电脑屏幕定期散步，去健身房，参加健身课程，甚至提前一站下车多走几步。根据句意可知此处为“早些时候”，所以用副词early的比较级作状语，故填earlier. (22-23高一下·上海建平中学·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A mysterious dog Recently, a museum uncovered a little dog hidden in early Picasso painting. 1 (reveal) during a technical analysis of the Spanish artist’s painting “Le Moulin de la Galette” ahead of an exhibition of his early works, the image of a charming dog has attracted a lot of attention. Opened at the Guggenheim on Friday, the new show “Young Picasso in Paris” includes 10 paintings and drawings made by Picasso upon his arrival in the French capital in 1900. “Le Moulin de la Galette” 2 (describe) a lively scene at a famous Parisian dance hall also painted by other artists. A sea of couples are seen dancing in fine hats, painted in quick brushwork, with three figures 3 (seat) at a table in the foreground. Museum experts were able to generate an image of what the dog originally looked like using X-ray scanning, 4 imaging technique that figures out the chemical elements in a painting, according to the Guggenheim’s senior paintings expert, Julie Barten. “It was interesting to me that he quickly painted over this dog, 5 would have been a rather amazing aspect of this painting,” Barten said in a phone call. The museum noted that the dog 6 (wear) a red bow bears a close similarity to a Cavalier King Charles spaniel. Though Barten cannot say for certain 7 Picasso opted to remove the dog from the scene, she suggested that the painter might have considered its lively face and attractive bow too distracting. Covering up the dog allows viewers 8 (look) more carefully at all of these other wonderful figures in the composition and experience the space in different ways. Picasso made other changes to the work, including 9 (switch) the gender presentations of a dancing couple and painting out an empty chair, according to the study. Modifying paintings later became part of Picasso’s regular practice, Barten said, adding that now “Le Moulin de la Galette” 10 (consider) one of the earliest examples of this. 【答案】 1．Revealed 2．describes 3．seated 4．an 5．which 6．wearing 7．why 8．to look 9．switching 10．is considered 【导语】本文是说明文。本文讲述了一家博物馆在毕加索早期画作中发现了一只小狗。 1．考查非谓语动词 。句意：在这位西班牙艺术家的早期作品展览之前，对他的画作《Le Moulin de la Galette》进行了技术分析，一只迷人的狗的形象被发现，吸引了很多人的关注。分析句子可知，句子的主语是has attracted，reveal用非谓语动词形式作状语，reveal与逻辑主语the image of a charming dog是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，故填Revealed。 2．考查动词时态。句意：“Le Moulin de la Galette”描绘了在一个由其他艺术家绘制著名的巴黎舞厅里生动的场景。分析句子可知，describe是谓语动词，描述现在的事实用一般现在时，故填describes。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：（人们）看到一群戴着精美帽子跳舞的情侣，用快速的笔法绘制，前景中有三个人坐在一张桌子旁。分析句子可知，此处是with+宾语+宾语补足语复合结构，宾语three figures与seat是被动关系，用过去分词seated，或者看作形容词seated表示“坐”的状态，故填seated。 4．考查冠词。句意：古根海姆博物馆的高级绘画专家朱莉·巴滕(Julie Barten)说，博物馆的专家们利用X射线扫描技术生成了这只狗最初的样子，X射线扫描是一种成像技术，可以找出画作中的化学元素。分析句子可知，此处泛指“一种成像技术”，用不定冠词修饰technique，imaging以元音音素开头，故填an。 5．考查定语从句。句意：巴滕在电话中说:“我觉得很有趣，他很快就把这只狗涂掉了，这本来会是这幅画中一个相当引人注目的方面。”分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰this dog，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用关系代词which，故填which。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：博物馆指出，这只戴着一个红色的蝴蝶结的狗与骑士查尔斯国王猎犬非常相似。分析句子可知，“(wear) a red bow”作定语修饰dog，dog与wear是主动关系，用现在分词作定语，故填wearing。 7．考查宾语从句。句意：尽管巴滕不能肯定地说为什么毕加索选择从场景中移除这只狗，但她认为画家可能认为它活泼的脸和吸引人的蝴蝶结太分散注意力了。分析句子可知，say后接宾语从句，空处填连接词，根据句意，此处解释原因，故填why。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：把狗遮盖起来，可以让观众更仔细地观察构图中的其他精彩人物，并以不同的方式体验空间。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，用不定式作宾语补足语，故填to look。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据研究，毕加索还对作品进行了其他修改，包括改变了一对跳舞情侣的性别表现，并画掉了一把空椅子。including是介词，接动名词作宾语，故填switching。 10．考查动词时态语态。句意：巴登说，修改画作后来成为毕加索的常规做法之一，并补充说，《Le Moulin de la Galette》现在被认为是最早的例子之一。分析句子可知，consider作谓语，与主语Le Moulin de la Galette是被动关系，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，由now可知，描述现在的事实用一般现在时，故填is considered。 (23-24高一下·上海黄浦区·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The moment Alok Shukla first saw the forest in central India stretching out before him, he knew two things immediately. One: that this forest—known as the lungs of Chhattisgarh, home to thousands of local people, 1 (endanger) animals and rare plants—was one of the most beautiful places he had ever seen. And two: that he 2 (devote) his life to protecting it from being destroyed by big companies. The only question was, how? Twelve years later, Alok 3 smile at the memory. After all, what he has achieved in the past years has been impressive. On Monday, the 43-year-old 4 (award) the Goldman Environmental Prize, which was widely known as the green Nobel. Back in 2012, the Hasdeo Aranya forest in Chhattisgarh was under threat, because of its rich coal deposits (矿床). In India, the world’s second 5 (large) consumer of coal after China, those deposits are highly valuable. But the value of the forest to the local people was incalculable to Alok. He wasn’t the only one 6 (recognize) the value of the land: local government had declared that the forest should be protected a few years earlier. 7 this, so-called coal areas in the forest were put up for public sale. Alok realized they were sure to lose the battle 8 everyone came together. Out of this, the Save Hasdeo Aranya Committee (委员会) was set up, 9 (teach) people about the local laws and rights available. 10 also joined the different groups together effectively for the first time. Alok hopes winning the Goldman prize will inspire other movements globally—and once again focus attention on the forest. “Any tree being cut in Hasdeo Aranya is wrong, and our effort will be to save every tree.” he vows. 【答案】 1．endangered 2． would devote 3．can 4．was awarded 5．largest 6． to recognise 7．Despite 8． unless 9．teaching 10．It 【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章讲述了印度大叔阿洛克·舒克拉因为在哈斯度·阿那亚森林“拯救每一棵树”活动荣获“绿色诺贝尔奖”。 1．考查形容词。句意：第一，这片被称为恰蒂斯加尔之肺的森林，居住着成千上万的部落居民，濒临灭绝的动物和稀有植物，这里是他见过的最美丽的地方之一。名词前用形容词修饰，作定语。故填endangered。 2．考查动词时态。句意：第二，他将毕生致力于保护它不被大公司破坏。主语后缺少谓语，根据was可知，此处表示过去的将来，用过去将来时。故填would devote。 3．考查情态动词。句意：12 年后，阿洛克可以微笑回忆这段经历了。谓语动词前用情态动词，描述现在的事情用一般现在时。故填can。 4．考查动词时态语态。句意：周一，这位 43 岁的男人被授予了戈德曼环境奖 ，也被称为“绿色诺贝尔奖”。主语后缺少谓语，是被动关系，描述过去的事情用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，谓语用单数。故填was awarded。 5．考查形容词最高级。句意：印度是仅次于中国的世界第二大煤炭消费国，这些煤炭储量非常宝贵。序数词+形容词最高级表示“第几大”，用形容词最高奖。故填largest。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：他不是唯一一个认识到这块土地价值的人: 地方当局几年前就宣布这块土地受到保护。was是谓语动词，此处是非谓语动词，the only one后用动词不定式作定语。故填to recognize。 7．考查介词。句意：尽管如此，森林中所谓的煤炭区域还是被拿出来拍卖了。前后句是让步关系，表示尽管，代词前用介词despite，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Despite。 8．考查状语从句。句意：阿洛克意识到，除非大家团结起来，要不然他们注定会输掉这场战斗。unless引导状语从句，是让步关系。故填unless。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：由此，拯救哈斯度·阿那亚森林抵抗委员会被建立，向人们传授当地的法律和权利。谓语是was set up，teach是非谓语动词，表示主动关系，用现在分词，作状语。故填teaching。 10．考查代词。句意：该组织还首次将不同的群体有效地联系在一起。指代 the Save Hasdeo Aranya Committee (委员会)，作主语，用代词it，位于句首，首字母大写。故填It。 (22-23高一下·上海实验·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The art of growing bald gracefully There are three important days in every bald(ing) man’s life: The day you realize you’re losing your hair, the day you realize you should shave off what remains, and the day you finally do. 1 (grow) bald gracefully is about reducing the gap between these milestones as far as possible. I learned this the hard way. My fear 2 all hairless men look the same is reinforced by the fact that people keep saying I look like my dad. No one 3 (note) this resemblance before. Now, suddenly, we`re like two shiny-headed. bearded peas in a pod. There is a certain poetic justice here, and I suffer regular flashbacks to the bald jokes I’d tell at my dad’s expense. Whether he’s 4 (blame) for my hairline is matter of debate. Studies of identical twins have found that heredity (遗传) factors account for around 80% of men’s tendency to go bald, 5 the genetics are poorly understood. An old wives’ tale dictates that hair loss is passed down via the mother, 6 means your maternal grandfather’s hairline is the best predictor of your own. Lifestyle factors can play a part, and I often wonder whether my fate was hastened by eating trans fats and not sleeping enough, or by living in big cities during some of its most seriously 7 (pollute) years. But my hairline’s retreat was likely predestined. As such, I am at peace with it. Although I didn’t grow bald gracefully, I can still aspire to be bald with grace. Anton was the first among my friends 8 (go) bald. While I had the luxury of holding out until aged 35, he was 18 when he first found clumps of hair on the pillow. Anton’s advice for me and fellow newcomers is as follows: Moisturize (滋润) your head daily, shave it every few days and wear hats to protect against the sun and heat loss alike. If you have a beard, keep it 9 (brush); if you’re muscly, be aware of terrifying people and disarm them with a smile. And remember, he concluded, the way you carry yourself matters more than 10 is — or isn’t — growing from the top of your head. 【答案】 1．Growing 2．that 3．had noted 4．to blame 5．though/although 6．which 7．polluted 8．to go 9．brushed 10．what 【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了作者总结的如何优雅地变秃的艺术。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：优雅地秃顶就是要尽可能地缩小这些里程碑之间的差距。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少主语，应该用动名词作主语，位于句首，首字母应大写，动名词表示一般性、抽象的行为。故填Growing。 2．考查同位语从句。句意：人们一直说我长得像我爸爸，这加深了我对所有秃头男人看起来都一样的恐惧。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句解释说明抽象名词fear的具体内容，从句中结构完整，用that引导。故填that。 3．考查动词时态。句意：以前没有人注意到这种相似之处。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以note作本句谓语，根据before可知，描述的是过去的过去，应该用过去完成时。故填had noted。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：他是否该为我的发际线负责还有待商榷。分析句子结构可知，本句是whether引导的主语从句，从句中已有谓语动词is，所以blame用非谓语形式，此处表达“应该受到责备”之意，应该用be to blame形式。故填to blame。 5．考查状语从句连词。句意：对同卵双胞胎的研究发现，遗传因素约占男性秃顶倾向的80%，尽管人们对遗传因素知之甚少。分析句子结构可知，空处引导状语从句，根据句意为“尽管”之意，应该用though/although引导让步状语从句。故填though/although。 6．考查定语从句关系词。句意：一个老妇人的传说认为脱发是通过母亲遗传的，这意味着你的外祖父的发际线是你自己的发际线的最佳预测器。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“hair loss is passed down via the mother”指的事情，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 7．考查形容词。句意：生活方式因素也有影响，我常常想，我的命运是不是因为吃反式脂肪和睡眠不足而加速了，还是因为在污染最严重的几年里住在大城市。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词years，所以空处应填形容词polluted (受污染的)作定语。故填polluted。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：安东是我朋友中第一个秃顶的。分析句子结果可知，此处是固定短语，the+序数词+n.+to do sth.，该空用不定式形式。故填to go。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你有胡子，记得把它刷干净；如果你是肌肉发达的人，要注意那些让人害怕的人，用微笑来解除他们的武装。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词，所以brush应用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是it，代指胡子，两者是被动关系，用过去分词表被动，作宾补。故填brushed。 10．考查宾语从句。句意：记住，他总结道，你的自我态度比你头顶上长了什么更重要。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指事物，应连接代词what引导。故填what。 (22-23高一下·上海交大附中·期末) Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Parental Instincts Last year in early summer, I was walking up the hill to my house in suburban Brisbane when I saw two birds, each about 6 centimeters tall, standing in my driveway. They didn’t seem to notice me 1 I was right in front of them and then they immediately scattered into the nearby bushes. I was quite excited by the idea of two special birds 2 (make) a nest in my front yard, although I didn’t really expect them to as wild birds don’t usually nest so close. A few weeks later, the birds reappeared. I found them crouching beside a tree off to the side of my driveway. As I approached them, I imagined that they’d run away like they did last time, but instead they 3 (stick) out their heads and made a threatening croaking sound 4 came from deep inside their throats. I did some research and found that the birds are burhinus grallarius(长尾石鸻). I still didn’t know 5 they were croaking at me until a short time later I made an amazing discovery: they 6 (lay) two eggs which hatched into two small birds racing around now. As I crept towards the birds, careful not to make any sudden movement, they started their croaking again, 7 (stretch) their necks forwards so they seemed longer and more threatening. I was watching them in awe when I suddenly tripped and fell to the ground. The birds took this 8 a threat and the father raced towards me, spreading his wings to shield the mother and the chicks while making 9 appear larger. I was sorry 10 (scare) them and left quickly. I am amazed by their bold actions. Their parental instincts kicked in and made them so courageous. It is hard not to be awed by nature. 【答案】 1．until 2．making 3．stuck 4．that/which 5．why 6．had laid 7．stretching 8．as 9．itself 10．to scare 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了作者作者和在他门前筑巢的小鸟之间的故事。 1．考查时间状语从句。句意：他们似乎没有注意到我，直到我就在他们面前，然后他们立即分散到附近的灌木丛中。结合空前的didn’t可知，本空填until引导时间状语从句，构成not...until(直到……才)固定搭配，故答案为until。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：想到两只特殊的鸟在我的前院筑巢，我非常兴奋，尽管我真的没想到它们会这样做，因为野生鸟类通常不会在这么近的地方筑巢。分析句子结构可知，本空为介词of的宾语，且与其逻辑主语two special birds为主动关系，故用动名词making构成动名词复合结构作宾语。故答案为making。 3．考查时态。句意：当我走近他们时，我以为他们会像上次一样逃跑，但它们却伸出头来，从喉咙深处发出威胁性的沙哑声。由并列连词but和句意判断，but后为句子，故本空为谓语。动词短语stick out意为“伸出”。且由空前的过去式approached判断事情发生在过去，故句子用一般过去时，故本空填stick的过去式stuck。 故答案为stuck。 4．考查定语从句。句意：当我走近他们时，我以为他们会像上次一样逃跑，但它们却伸出头来，从喉咙深处发出威胁性的沙哑声。分析句子结构可知，sound(声音)为先行词，其后为定语从句，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。故答案为that/which。 5．考查宾语从句。句意：我仍然不知道它们为什么对我大喊大叫，直到不久后我有了一个惊人的发现：它们产下了两个蛋，孵化成了两只现在四处奔跑的小鸟。分析句子结构可知know后为其宾语从句，空处引导宾语从句，从句成份完整，但缺少“为什么”之意，故应用why引导宾语从句。故答案为why。 6．考查时态。句意：我仍然不知道它们为什么对我大喊大叫，直到不久后我有了一个惊人的发现：它们产下了两个蛋，孵化成了两只现在四处奔跑的小鸟。分析句子结构可知，本空为主句谓语，which引导修饰eggs的定语从句。hatched为hatch(孵化)的过去式，lay(产卵)这个动作发生在hatch动作之前完成，故本空用过去完成时。故答案为had laid。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：当我爬向这些鸟时，小心不要突然移动，它们又开始嘎嘎叫了，脖子向前伸，看起来更长，更具威胁性。分析句子结构可知，started为主句谓语，故本空为非谓语，结合句意可知本空为伴随状语，且主语they和动词stretch(伸出)为主动关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。故答案为stretching。 8．考查介词。句意：鸟儿们认为这是一种威胁，爸爸向我跑来，张开翅膀保护妈妈和小鸡，同时让自己看起来更大。take...as...意为“把……认为是……”，为固定短语，as为介词。took this as a threat意为“认为这是一种威胁”。故答案为as。 9．考查代词。句意：鸟儿们认为这是一种威胁，爸爸向我跑来，张开翅膀保护妈妈和小鸡，同时让自己看起来更大。分析句子结构可知，making后缺少宾语，结合句意填反身代词itself(它自己)。故答案为itself。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：我很抱歉吓到他们，很快就走了。动词scare意为“使害怕，使恐惧”。be sorry to do sth.(对做某事感到抱歉)为固定短语。故答案为to scare。 (22-23高一下·上海曹二附中·期末) Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given verbs, relative pronouns or adverbs, or conjunctions. Ancestry Travel Everyone loves a holiday! A little time off for some much- 1 (need) R&R(rest and relaxation)can be exactly the thing to re-energize and refresh. That said, if you’re struggling to think of your next destination then look no further. Don’t waste time 2 (debate). Let your blood decide. Everybody has a lineage(血统). Recently, finding out more 3 our family origins has become popular. By the start of 2019, 26 million people 4 (take) an ancestry DNA test at home, according to a report by MIT Technology Review. They believe by 2021 this number will have risen to 100 million. This trend 5 (notice) by opportunistic travel operators. Some are looking to provide a service that both allows people to trace their heritage—by literally going back to their roots—and travel to the destinations 6 their ancestors originated. Recently, Airbnb, an online lodging market place, has partnered with 23andMe, a DNA testing and analysis company, 7 (offer) recommendations that encourage travellers to walk in the footsteps of their forefathers. And they aren’t the only ones. The Shelbourne hotel in Dublin has its own “genealogy butler(家谱管家)”. Hellen Kelly offers consultations to help guests trace their Irish line of descent(后代)using official records, 8 allows them to “fill in the blanks of their Irish ancestry”, she told Good Morning America. The Conte Club, a luxury travel company, offers custom itineraries(行程)based on DNA tests. “These experiences are about exploring deeper into 9 we really are,” says Conte Club CEO Rebecca Fielding in an article in the Condé Nast Traveler. “It might be the most meaningful trip we can take.” So next time you think of going on vacation, why not take a DNA test first? 10 you know how far your family has come, take the time to holiday back. 【答案】 1．needed 2．debating 3．about 4．had taken 5．has been noticed 6．where 7．to offer 8．which 9．who 10．Once 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“寻根游”这一新的旅游趋势。 1．考查形容词。句意：抽出一点时间，进行一些急需的R&R（休息和放松），正是让人重新振作和恢复精神的事情。动词need和后文名词之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词转化的形容词needed和much构成合成词修饰名词 R&R(rest and relaxation)。故填needed。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：不要浪费时间辩论。waste time (in) doing sth“浪费时间做某事”为固定句式，动名词作宾语。故填debating。 3．考查介词。句意：最近，了解更多关于我们的家庭出身信息变得很流行。根据句意可知，空处应用介词about“关于”和后文构成介词短语。故填about。 4．考查时态。句意：根据《麻省理工技术评论》的一份报告，截至2019年初，已有2600万人在家进行了祖先DNA测试。根据时间状语By the start of 2019可知，空处应用过去完成时，表示在过去某时间之前发生的事情。故填had taken。 5．考查时态和语态。句意：这一趋势已被机会主义的旅游运营商所注意到。动词notice与主语之间是被动关系，根据上下文句意可知，空处应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在的影响。主语是单数，主谓一致，故填has been noticed。 6．考查定语从句。句意：有些人正在寻求提供一种服务，既可以让人们追溯他们的遗产——通过真正回到他们的根——又可以去他们祖先起源的目的地旅行。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是destinations，是地点名词，定语从句their ancestors originated中缺少地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句，作地点状语。故填where。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：最近，一家在线住宿市场Airbnb与一家DNA测试和分析公司23andMe合作，为旅行者提供建议，鼓励他们追随祖先的足迹。根据句意可知，空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to offer。 8．考查定语从句。句意：Hellen Kelly在接受《早安美国》采访时表示，她提供咨询服务，帮助客人利用官方记录追踪他们的爱尔兰血统，让他们“填补爱尔兰血统的空白”。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是逗号前面整句话，指代事物，用关系代词which引导从句，作主语。故填which。 9．考查名词性从句。句意：这些经历是为了更深入地探索我们到底是谁。根据句意可知，空处应用连接词who引导宾语从句，在从句中作表语，指人。故填who。 10．考查连词。句意：一旦你知道你的家人已经迁徙了多远，就花时间回去度假。you know how far your family has come是后文take the time to holiday back的条件，应用连词once引导条件状语从句。符合句意。句首字母大写，故填Once。 (22-23高一下·上海进才中学·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. “Love is dead,” we say, reading yet another story of a celebrity split. We likely don’t know the Hollywood stars, let alone have a close relationship with them, and yet, here we are mourning the tragedy with friends and on social media 1 it were a personal loss. Apparently, it’s not unusual to feel completely heartsick over a celebrity breakup, according to Lindsay Henderson, PsyD, a psychologist 2 treats patients virtually via telehealth app, LiveHealthOnline. “Generally speaking, part of the general public’s ever-present fascination with the lives of celebrities stems from the fact that we tend to view celebrities as successful people,” she says. “As such, we strive 3 (learn)from their actions in an attempt to be successful ourselves.” Chris Pratt and Anna Faris are the most recent example of this dynamic. They announced their breakup earlier this week, explaining that they “tried hard for a long time” and are “really disappointed.” The couple was far from alone in that. Thousands took to social media to express their sadness. “When a celebrity couple breaks up, the part of ourselves that we try to model after the celebrity, whether consciously or unconsciously, 4 (question) and even injured,” Dr. Henderson explains. “Our over-identification with the celebrity ends up causing personal discomfort, and 5 we have elevated them to achieving such enviable success, their failings can sometimes be more troubling to us than 6 of the people in our lives that we actually know and have relationships with.” The sadness 7 (feel) by celebrity breakups do, of course, point back to our own reality. “A breakup is a rude reminder 8 the pain and struggle that comes with a negative event can happen to anyone; if divorce can happen to them, it can certainly happen to us too,” Dr. Henderson adds. Luckily, all hope is not lost, and we can mentally prepare for the next celebrity split so it doesn’t feel as devastating. First, it’s important to recognize and acknowledge 9 upsetting these breakups can be. “It is good to remind 10 that celebrities are normal people facing the same basic human emotions and struggles that everyone else does,” Dr. Henderson says. After that, it’s all about not trying to emulate (模仿) celebrities’ lifestyles, but instead, living through your own journey. 【答案】 1．as if/as though 2．who/that 3．to learn 4．is questioned 5．because/as/since 6．those 7．felt 8．that 9．how 10．ourselves 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍心理学家认为我们不应该因为名人分手而感到真爱不存在，而是从他们的经历中吸取教训，明白名人和普通人一样也面临着情感问题。 1．考查连词。句意：我们可能不认识好莱坞明星，更不用说与他们有着密切的关系了，然而，在这里，我们与朋友和社交媒体一起哀悼这场悲剧，就好像这是个人的损失一样。空后“it were a personal loss”为虚拟语气，结合句意表示“好像”应用as if/as though引导方式状语从句。故填as if/as though。 2．考查定语从句。句意：心理学博士Lindsay Henderson通过远程医疗应用LiveHealthOnline为患者提供虚拟治疗，她说，显然，名人分手后感到非常伤心是很正常的。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a psychologist，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词who/that引导从句。故填who/that。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：“因此，我们努力从他们的行为中学习，努力使自己取得成功。”strive to do sth.“努力做某事”是固定短语，空处填不定式作宾语。故填to learn。 4．考查时态和语态。句意：亨德森博士解释道：“当一对名人情侣分手时，我们试图模仿名人的部分，无论是有意识还是无意识，都会受到质疑，甚至受伤。”分析可知，空处为主句谓语动词，句子陈述客观事实，且主语the part of ourselves和question是被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用形式。故填is questioned。 5．考查连词。句意：“我们对名人的过度认同最终会导致个人不适，因为我们把他们提升到如此令人羡慕的成功，他们的失败有时会比我们生活中真正认识并与之有关系的人更让我们烦恼。”结合句意可知，“我们把他们提升到如此令人羡慕的成功”是“我们更加烦恼”的原因，因此此处用because/since/as引导原因状语从句。故填because/since/as。 6．考查代词。句意：“我们对名人的过度认同最终会导致个人不适，因为我们把他们提升到如此令人羡慕的成功，他们的失败有时会比我们生活中真正认识并与之有关系的人更让我们烦恼。”结合语境可知，此处指我们生活中认识的人的失败，为同类异物特指，且上文failings是复数，故此处用those，相当于the failings。故填those。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：当然，明星分手所带来的悲伤也指向了我们自己的现实。空处应填非谓语动词作sadness的后置定语，feel“感受”和逻辑主语sadness是被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填felt。 8．考查同位语从句。句意：亨德森博士补充道：“分手突如其来地提醒人们，负面事件可能会发生在任何人身上；如果离婚发生在他们身上，我们也肯定会发生。”分析可知从句“the pain and struggle that comes with a negative event can happen to anyone”是对名词reminder的解释，因此空处引导同位语从句，从句成份和意义都完整，应用连接词that引导从句。故填of。 9．考查宾语从句。句意：首先，重要的是要认识到并承认这些分手是多么令人沮丧。空处引导宾语从句，修饰形容词upsetting表示程度，应用连接词how引导从句，how upsetting“多么令人沮丧”。故填how。 10．考查代词。句意：亨德森博士说：“提醒我们自己，名人是普通人，他们和其他人一样面临着人类的基本情感和挣扎，这很好。”。结合句意和上文“if divorce can happen to them, it can certainly happen to us too”可知，此处用反身代词ourselves作宾语，表示“我们自己”。故填ourselves。 (23-24高一下·上海世外中学·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.  For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The family who eats together What’s the price of a family meal? For many families in the world’s wealthiest countries, the answer seems to be, ‘too much’. For instance, in the United States, 1 is often a trendsetter in such things, the majority of families report eating a single meal together fewer than five days a week. In fact, the frequency of shared meals 2 (decrease) in American families by 33 per cent over the last twenty years. The meals 3 have shortened too: from an average of 90 minutes to just 12 minutes. So perhaps we’re better off asking ourselves 4 the cost of not eating together is. Once again, we could turn to the figures. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development has found that 15-year-olds who reported not regularly 5 (share) family meals were twice as likely to be absent from school. In Europe, research has suggested that children who don’t eat dinner with their parents at least twice a week face a 40 per cent higher risk of fatness. Another study, 6 (conduct) by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (滥用) at Columbia University, found that kids who eat dinner with their parents five or more times a week are 7 (likely) to have problems with drugs and alcohol. But those numbers, impressive 8 they seem, may be beside the point. After all, having a meal together is more than just a preventive measure 139 future misfortune. The primary cost of the family meal is also the very thing that makes it important: time. The time spent together over food leads to all the positive outcomes that are measured in the studies. That time spent together has less noticeable—but no less real—effects too. So often, 9 is at the family meal that the family as such—the family as an organic unit with shared memories and feelings and ambitions—is made. 【答案】 1．which 2．has decreased 3．themselves 4．what 5．sharing 6．conducted 7．less likely 8．as / though 9．against 10．it 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一家人一起吃饭带来的好处。 1．考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。句意：例如，在经常引领此类潮流的美国，大多数家庭表示，他们每周在一起吃一顿饭的时间少于五天。根据is often a trendsetter in such things可知此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是the United States，指物，且定语从句中缺少主语，因此要用关系代词which。故填which。 2．考查动词的时态。句意：事实上，在过去的20年里，美国家庭共享食物的频率下降了33%。根据over the last twenty years可知此句时态是现在完成时，且主语是the frequency of shared meals，要用单数形式。故填has decreased。 3．考查代词。句意：用餐时间也缩短了：从平均90分钟缩短到12分钟。根据主语The meals可知此处要用反身代词themselves，表示用餐本身。故填themselves。 4．考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：因此也许我们最好问问自己不一起吃饭的代价是什么。根据we’re better off asking ourselves可知此处是一个宾语从句，缺少引导词，由宾语从句中的is可知此处要用what“什么”，且what充当is的表语。故填what。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：经济合作与发展组织发现，报告称不经常与家人一起吃饭的15岁青少年缺课的可能性是其他人的两倍。根据share与逻辑主语15-year-olds之间是主动关系，可知此处要用现在分词形式。故填sharing。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：哥伦比亚大学成瘾与药物滥用国家中心进行的另一项研究发现，每周与父母共进晚餐五次或五次以上的孩子，不太可能出现毒品和酗酒的问题。根据found that可知此处要用非谓语动词，由conduct与逻辑主语Another study之间是被动关系，因此要用过去分词作定语。故填conducted。 7．考查形容词的比较级。句意：哥伦比亚大学成瘾与药物滥用国家中心进行的另一项研究发现，每周与父母共进晚餐五次或五次以上的孩子，不太可能出现毒品和酗酒的问题。固定短语be likely to do“很有很可能做某事”，根据who eat dinner with their parents five or more times a week可知此处要用形容词的比较级，表示“不太可能”。故填less likely。 8．考查连词。句意：但是，尽管这些数字看起来令人印象深刻，但它们可能无关紧要。根据impressive和they seem可知此处是形容词放在句首的半倒装句，根据句意可知连词as / though“虽然，尽管”符合题意。填as / though。 9．考查介词。句意：毕竟，一起吃饭不仅仅是预防未来不幸的措施。根据future misfortune可知此处要用介词against，表示“抵御，预防”。故填against。 10．考查代词。句意：通常情况下，正是在家庭聚餐中，家庭作为一个有机的整体，拥有共同的记忆、情感和抱负。根据is at the family meal that可知此处是一个强调句，被强调部分是at the family meal，因此要用代词it。故填it。 【点睛】第2小题考查了现在完成时。现在完成时结构：have/has+过去分词。主要用法有： 1、表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果，着眼点在现在。现在完成时时常与不确定的过去时间状语连用，表示“已发生”或“未发生”，如：yet，just，before，recently，once，lately，of late等；也同表示频度的时间状语连用，如：often，ever，never，sometimes，twice，on several occasions等；也同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如：now，today，this morning，this month，this year等。但不能同特定的过去时间状语（in 1995，last year等）连用。例句： He has lost his wallet.他的钱包丢了。 Why haven’t I seen you all these months? 我怎么这么多月没看见你呢？ We’ve had too much rain this year.今年雨水太多。 2、表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并可能延续下去的动作。常同表示包括现在时间在内的一段时间的状语连用，如：so far，up to now，since last year，for a long time，all my life，these few days等。例句： He has worked here for over twenty years. 他在这里工作已有20多年了。 Up to now, we have received no news from her. 到现在为止，我们没有从她那里收到任何消息。 (22-23高一下·上海交大附中·期末) Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Big Tech nervous as Europe prepares to regulate AI European lawmakers are putting the finishing touches on a set of wide-ranging rules designed to govern the use of artificial intelligence. If passed, those rules would make the E.U. the first major jurisdiction(司法管辖区域) outside of China 1 (pass) targeted AI regulation. And tech companies are lobbying(游说) hard amid the battle over the scope of the rules. The E.U. Artificial Intelligence Act is likely to ban AI that ranks citizens 2 base) on their behavior and facial recognition in public. The rules could set a global standard, as companies may find it easier to obey E.U. rules in all countries, 3 to build different products for different jurisdictions. One of the act’s most controversial points is whether so-called general-purpose AIs—like ChatGPT— 4 be considered high risk, and thus subject to the strictest rules. Lobbying 5 this possibility are Big Tech companies, including Google and OpenAI’s biggest investor Microsoft, which 6 (invest) billions of dollars into building general-purpose AIs and seek to benefit from licensing them out to smaller companies. “Predicting all potential risks” of general-purpose AIs would 7   be near impossible but also hold back innovation, a letter to E.U. lawmakers co-signed by Microsoft in late 2022 says; instead, it recommends, the new rules should place the regulatory burden on the often smaller companies 8 apply Big Tech’s AIs to specific risky use cases. 9 (categorize) general-purpose AI systems as “high risk” would be wrong, Google argued in a separate letter to E.U. regulators, and could harm consumers and hold back innovation in Europe. A group of progressive politicians and technologists resist this idea, arguing that excluding 10 (powerful) AI systems from the new E.U. rules would be similar to passing social media regulation that didn’t apply to Facebook or TikTok. 【答案】 1．to pass 2．based 3．rather than 4．should 5．against 6．have invested 7．not only 8．that 9．Categorizing 10．the most powerful 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了欧盟对于人工智能的态度以及各方面的反应。 1．考查非谓语。句意：如果通过，这些规则将使欧盟成为中国以外第一个通过有针对性的人工智能监管的主要管辖区。分析句子结构可知，空格处为major jurisdiction(司法管辖区域)的定语，因为major jurisdiction有序数词the first(第一个)修饰，故其定语用pass(通过)的不定式形式。故答案为to pass。 2．考查非谓语。句意：欧盟《人工智能》法案可能会禁止根据公民的行为和公共场合的面部识别对其进行排名的人工智能。分析句子结构可知，ranks(排名)为句子的谓语，故空格处为非谓语。be based on(基于，以……为基础)为固定短语，此处省略be，用过去分词作状语，故答案为based。 3．考查固定短语。句意：相关法规会制定全球标准，而不是区域不同标准各异，因为在所有国家都能遵守欧盟的规定对公司而言更加简单。分析句子结构可知，空格前后做对比，结合句意“而不是”可知填rather than。 4．考查情态动词。句意：该法案最具争议的一点是，是否应该将所谓的通用人工智能(如chatgpt)视为高风险，从而受到最严格的规定。根据空后动词原形be可知，本空为情态动词，结合句意可知填should表示“应该”。故答案为should。 5．考查介词。句意：游说反对这种可能性的是大型科技公司，包括谷歌和开放人工智能的最大投资者微软，它们已投资数十亿美元构建通用人工智能，并寻求从将它们授权给较小的公司中获益。由下文“which __(invest) billions of dollars into building general-purpose AIs and seek to benefit from licensing them out to smaller companies.(它们已投资数十亿美元构建通用人工智能，并寻求从将它们授权给较小的公司中获益)”可知，这种大型科技公司反对将所谓的通用人工智能(如chatgpt)视为高风险，从而受到最严格的规定，故结合句意可知填against表示“反对”。故答案为against。 6．考查时态。句意：游说反对这种可能性的是大型科技公司，包括谷歌和开放人工智能的最大投资者微软，它们已投资数十亿美元构建通用人工智能，并寻求从将它们授权给较小的公司中获益。分析句子结构可知，空前的which为定语从句引导词，修饰Big Tech companies, including Google and Open AI’s biggest investor Microsoft，故本空为定语从句的谓语。结合句意可知这些公司已经资数十亿美元，且which代替复数名词，故句子用现在完成时形式have invested。故答案为have invested。 7．考查固定搭配。句意：微软在2022年底联合签署的一封致欧盟立法者的信函中表示，“预测通用人工智能的所有潜在风险”不仅几乎不可能，而且还会阻碍创新；相反，它建议，新规则应该将监管负担放在那些通常规模较小的公司身上，这些公司将大型科技公司的人工智能应用于特定的风险用例。由后文的“but also”可知，本空填“not only”，构成固定搭配not only...but also“不仅……而且……”。故答案为not only。 8．考查定语从句。句意：微软2022年底联合签署的一封致欧盟立法者的信中表示，“预测通用人工智能的所有潜在风险”不仅几乎不可能，而且还会阻碍创新；相反，它建议，新规则应该将监管负担放在那些通常规模较小的公司身上，这些公司将大型科技公司的人工智能应用于特定的风险用例。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰名词companies(公司)，从句缺少主语，故应用that/which引导定语从句。故答案为that/which。 9．考查非谓语。句意：谷歌在给欧盟监管机构的另一封信函中表示，将通用人工智能系统归类为“高风险”是错误的，可能会伤害消费者，阻碍欧洲的创新。动词categorize意为“分类”。分析句子结构可知，would be为本句谓语，故本空为非谓语，_____(categorize) general-purpose AI systems as “high risk”为句子主语， 故填动名词形式Categorizing。故答案为Categorizing。 10．考查形容词最高级。句意：一群进步的政界人士和技术专家反对这一想法，他们认为，将最强大的人工智能系统排除在欧盟的新规定之外，将类似于通过不适用于Facebook或TikTok的社交媒体监管。结合句意可知，本空用形容词最高级the most powerful，作定语，修饰名词短语AI systems。故答案为the most powerful。 试卷第30页，共31页 试卷第31页，共31页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$