专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（新高考通用）-【好题汇编】2025年高考英语二模试题分类汇编

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 编者按：2025年新高考地区二模分类整理，深度解析，排版整齐。 （一） （2025·浙江绍兴·二模） To find food in the darkness, deep-diving toothed whales rely on their built-in sonar, which bounces soundwaves off potential prey to reveal their location. But to these whales, plastic junk floating in the ocean may also “sound” just like a delicious squid. A new study suggests plastic debris (碎片) like shopping bags bear remarkably similar “echoes” to those of squid-likely due to some combination of their shape, size, degree of weathering, and chemical composition, the authors write. As it spreads in marine environments, it is also showing up in the guts of marine mammals across hundreds of reported cases, damaging their stomach tissues and causing infection, choking, and malnutrition to the point of starvation. Matthew Savoca, a marine biologist at Stanford University says, “They’re in pain, they’re starving, but they think they’re eating.” For the study, published in Marine Pollution Bulletin, Merrill and his colleagues gathered nine plastic items: bags, balloons, and other common trash found in whales from North Carolina beaches. The research team hit the items with sound waves at frequencies that toothed whales use to hunt. They repeated the process on five dead squid bodies provided by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, as well as five squid beaks taken from a dead sperm whale’s stomach. All plastic items tested, the team found, returned echoes as strong as or stronger than those from the squid. It’s unknown whether deep-diving toothed whales use any means other than echo strength to distinguish food from not-food-but experts doubt it. Mouthfeel certainly doesn’t factor in. “They don’t really chew and taste like us. it’s more like suction,” says Laura Redaelli, a Ph.D student in marine biology. All three experts agree on the need to reduce plastic production in the first place. The ideal approach, Savoca and Merrill say, involves policy changes and redirecting waste streams from the ocean, especially targeting unnecessary single-use items. “Maybe we can hope that, at some point, whales will learn the difference between plastic and prey”, Redaelli says. But until then, “the more plastic we keep putting in, the more animals are going to die.” 1．How do deep-diving toothed whales find food? A．By producing soundwaves to attract prey. B．By using built-in sonar to locate prey in the dark. C．By telling food from not-food through mouthfeel. D．By identifying echoes weaker than those from squids. 2．What is the impact of plastic debris on toothed whales? A．It may damage their built-in sonar. B．It may reduce their adaptive ability. C．It may result in their starving to death. D．It may lead to various infectious diseases. 3．What should be done for marine mammals according to the experts? A．Forbid the production of single-use items. B．Encourage the use of eco-friendly plastics. C．Establish the policy against whale hunting. D．Prevent waste from flowing into the ocean. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．Toothed Whales Are Eating More Plastic Bags B．Marine Life Is Facing An Alarming Death Rate C．Polluted Marine Environment Needs More Care D．Plastic Sounds Like Dinner for Toothed Whales 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了深海齿鲸靠内置声纳反射声波定位猎物，新研究发现海洋塑料垃圾因形状、大小等因素产生的“回声”与鱿鱼相似，致使齿鲸可能误食。大量案例显示塑料碎片进入海洋哺乳动物肠道，致其胃部受损、感染、窒息、营养不良甚至饿死。文章还提到了一些可能的解决方案。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“To find food in the darkness, deep - diving toothed whales rely on their built - in sonar, which bounces soundwaves off potential prey to reveal their location.( 为了在黑暗中寻找食物，深潜齿鲸依靠它们内置的声纳，它可以反射潜在猎物的声波来显示它们的位置。)”可知，深海齿鲸通过其内置的声纳在黑暗中定位猎物来寻找食物。故选B项。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“As it spreads in marine environments, it is also showing up in the guts of marine mammals across hundreds of reported cases, damaging their stomach tissues and causing infection, choking, and malnutrition to the point of starvation.( 当它在海洋环境中传播时，它也出现在海洋哺乳动物的肠道中，数百例报告的病例损害了它们的胃组织，导致感染、窒息和营养不良直至饥饿的地步。)”可知，塑料碎片在海洋环境中传播，会进入海洋哺乳动物的肠道，导致它们胃部组织受损，引发感染、窒息和营养不良，甚至饿死。故选C项。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The ideal approach, Savoca and Merrill say, involves policy changes and redirecting waste streams from the ocean, especially targeting unnecessary single - use items.( 萨沃卡和梅里尔说，理想的方法包括改变政策，改变海洋废物流的方向，特别是针对不必要的一次性物品。)”可知，专家认为应该通过政策改变，阻止废物流入海洋，尤其是针对不必要的一次性物品。故选D项。 【4 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“To find food in the darkness, deep-diving toothed whales rely on their built-in sonar, which bounces soundwaves off potential prey to reveal their location. But to these whales, plastic junk floating in the ocean may also “sound” just like a delicious squid.( 为了在黑暗中寻找食物，深潜齿鲸依靠它们内置的声纳，它可以反射潜在猎物的声波来显示它们的位置。但对这些鲸鱼来说，漂浮在海洋中的塑料垃圾也可能“听起来”就像美味的鱿鱼。)”可知，文章主要讲述了研究发现塑料碎片对深海齿鲸来说，回声与它们的猎物相似，导致它们可能会误食塑料，就像把塑料当成了美味的晚餐，D 选项“塑料听起来像是齿鲸的晚餐”符合文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选D项。 （二） （2025·湖南岳阳·二模） In Kibaha, Tanzania, near the capital Dares Salaam, architects are set to build a new village with “earth printing”. Funded by charity One Heart, Hope Village has been designed by architecture firms Hassell and ClarkeHopkinsClarke to help and house children from across the country who have experienced hardship or unsafe home environments. The village will offer schooling for up to 480 children, as well as accommodation, childcare and skills training for 3-to 18-year-old girls. The landmark building for Hope Village is its community center, a 3D-printed design that will serve as a school hall and cafeteria during the week and open to the wider community for events at weekends. “We wanted to make sure that we’re able to create walls that could circulate air in the building, but at the same time also bring in light,” said Xavier De Kestelier, Hassell’s head of design and innovation, “and turning to 3D printing allowed for an open, ‘porous’ (多孔的) wall design.” The earth suitable for printing typically contains 15% to 30% clay, giving it natural bonding characteristics. The walls will not be load-bearing, as a metal structure will support the roof that covers the walls and protects them from the elements. The roof will be made from short lengths of locally sourced wood, connected in an interlocking design on the ground before being raised up and covering the frame like a fabric tent and finished with sheet metal, explained De Kestelier. “The plan is not just to use technology but to bring technology to the site in Tanzania and leave it there,” said De Kestelier. As part of the project’s commitment to community outreach and skills training, the constructors will teach locals how to use the printer so the community can construct further buildings in the future. 1．What is Hope Village in Kibaha aimed at? A．Engaging in charity activities. B．Restoring unsafe environments. C．Experimenting with earth printing. D．Providing shelter for disadvantaged children. 2．What do we know about the community center? A．Its walls bear heavy weight. B．It offers children schooling. C．It’s a 3D-printed building. D．It opens to all during weekdays. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．Environmental benefits of clay. B．Materials and design of the building C．3D printing for wall construction. D．Techniques in modern architecture. 4．What is the principle of the project? A．Teach a man to fish. B．Innovation is the key to growth. C．A good beginning is half done. D．Share knowledge, share success. 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍Hope Village项目，展示了如何通过现代建筑技术和社区参与，为弱势儿童提供帮助和发展的机会。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Funded by charity One Heart, Hope Village has been designed by architecture firms Hassell and ClarkeHopkinsClarke to help and house children from across the country who have experienced hardship or unsafe home environments.(希望村由慈善机构One Heart资助，由Hassell和ClarkeHopkinsClarke建筑公司设计，旨在帮助来自全国各地经历过困难或不安全家庭环境的儿童)”可知，Hope Village的主要目的是为经历困境或家庭环境不安全的儿童提供帮助和住所。故选D项。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The landmark building for Hope Village is its community center, a 3D-printed design that will serve as a school hall and cafeteria during the week and open to the wider community for events at weekends.(希望村的地标性建筑是它的社区中心，这是一个3D打印设计，将在一周内作为学校大厅和自助餐厅，并在周末向更广泛的社区开放活动)”可知，社区中心是3D打印建筑。故选C项。 【3 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“The earth suitable for printing typically contains 15% to 30% clay, giving it natural bonding characteristics. The walls will not be load-bearing, as a metal structure will support the roof that covers the walls and protects them from the elements. The roof will be made from short lengths of locally sourced wood, connected in an interlocking design on the ground before being raised up and covering the frame like a fabric tent and finished with sheet metal, explained De Kestelier. (适合印刷的土壤通常含有15%至30%的粘土，使其具有天然的粘合特性。墙壁不会承重，因为金属结构将支撑覆盖墙壁并保护它们免受元素影响的屋顶。De Kestelier解释说，屋顶将由短长度的当地木材制成，在地面上以联锁设计连接，然后升起，像织物帐篷一样覆盖框架，最后用金属板完成)”可知，第四段主要介绍了建筑的材料（如含15%到30%粘土的土壤用于打印，屋顶使用当地木材等）和设计（如非承重墙、屋顶设计等）。故选B项。 【4 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“As part of the project’s commitment to community outreach and skills training, the constructors will teach locals how to use the printer so the community can construct further buildings in the future.(作为该项目对社区推广和技能培训承诺的一部分，施工人员将教当地人如何使用打印机，以便社区将来可以建造更多的建筑物)”可知，项目的理念是教会当地人使用打印机，以便他们未来能够自行建造更多建筑，这体现了“授人以渔”的原则。故选A项。 （三） （2025·浙江嘉兴·二模） Beneath the surface of the earth lies a lively, invisible ecosystem full of life, often referred to as the “living skin” of the earth. It is a hidden world where countless organisms (生物体) interact in complex ways, driving essential processes that enable life to survive. They are the unsung heroes of nutrient cycling, soil stability, and even climate balance. Organisms in the soil are both copious and diverse. They range in size from the one-celled bacteria, to the more complex tiny bugs, and to the larger organisms such as insects and plants. Soil microbes (微生物) are too small to be seen with the unaided eye. Bacteria are the most plentiful microbes in soil, with a population of 1010-1011 individuals and 6,000-50,000 species per gram of soil and a biomass of 40-500 grams per square metre. If we are to understand the functions of soil microbes and the impact of management practices on soil quality, we need to analyze microbial community composition beyond just counting individuals. Traditional methods of studying microbes often rely on culturing techniques, which have significant limitations as they can only detect a small part of the microbial community. Advanced genetic (基因的) techniques, such as DNA sequencing and PCR, however, enable the detection and categorization of previously unculturable microbes. These methods enhance our ability to identify shifts in microbial communities, providing critical insights into soil health and functional dynamics. Soil microbes play both beneficial and harmful roles as contributors to soil environmental problems such as climate change and groundwater pollution. The physical chemical, and biological soil characteristics and their interactions with the resident community of soil microbes have a significant impact on the growth and activity of these microbes. As our understanding of these complex relationships develops, we should be able to develop soil management practices that are sustainable and can lead to preservation and improvement of soil quality. 1．What does the “living skin” of the earth mainly do? A．Sustain life on the earth. B．Control microbial population. C．Protect the surface of the earth. D．Monitor changes in the ecosystem. 2．What does the underlined word “copious” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Small. B．Active. C．Invisible. D．Plentiful. 3．Why are modern genetic techniques used in studying microbes? A．To identify diverse microbes. B．To simplify microbial counting. C．To help culture more microbes. D．To minimize microbial impact on soil. 4．What can help us to improve soil management practices? A．Removing harmful microbes. B．Distinguishing soil characteristics. C．Understanding soil-microbe interactions. D．Strengthening relationships among microbes. 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要揭示了土壤微生物生态系统的重要功能与研究进展。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Beneath the surface of the earth lies a lively, invisible ecosystem full of life, often referred to as the “living skin” of the earth. It is a hidden world where countless organisms (生物体) interact in complex ways, driving essential processes that enable life to survive. They are the unsung heroes of nutrient cycling, soil stability, and even climate balance. (在地球表面之下是一个充满生机的、看不见的、充满生命的生态系统，通常被称为地球的“活皮肤”。这是一个隐秘的世界，无数生物以复杂的方式相互作用，推动着生命得以生存的基本过程。它们是养分循环、土壤稳定甚至气候平衡的无名英雄)”可知，地球的“活皮肤”主要作用是维持地球上的生命。故选A。 【2 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第二段“Bacteria are the most plentiful microbes in soil, with a population of 1010 -1011 individuals and 6,000-50,000 species per gram of soil and a biomass of 40-500 grams per square metre. (细菌是土壤中最丰富的微生物，每克土壤中有10个10至10个11个体，6000 至 50000种，每平方米的生物量为40至500克)”可知，土壤中微生物数量众多，可推测划线词copious与选项D意思相近，意为“大量的，丰富的”。故选D。 【3 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Advanced genetic (基因的) techniques, such as DNA sequencing and PCR, however, enable the detection and categorization of previously unculturable microbes. These methods enhance our ability to identify shifts in microbial communities, providing critical insights into soil health and functional dynamics. (然而，先进的遗传技术，如DNA测序和PCR，可以检测和分类以前不可培养的微生物。这些方法增强了我们识别微生物群落变化的能力，为土壤健康和功能动态提供了重要的见解)”可知，使用现代基因技术研究微生物是为了识别多样的微生物。故选A。 【4 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“The physical chemical, and biological soil characteristics and their interactions with the resident community of soil microbes have a significant impact on the growth and activity of these microbes. As our understanding of these complex relationships develops, we should be able to develop soil management practices that are sustainable and can lead to preservation and improvement of soil quality. (土壤的物理、化学和生物特性及其与土壤微生物常驻群落的相互作用对土壤微生物的生长和活性有重要影响。随着我们对这些复杂关系的理解的发展，我们应该能够开发可持续的土壤管理实践，并能导致土壤质量的保护和改善)”可知，了解土壤与微生物的相互作用可以帮助我们改进土壤管理实践。故选C。 （四） （2025·河北石家庄·二模） King Shahryar, betrayed (背叛) by his wife, decides to marry a new woman each night and have her killed by morning to ensure he is never betrayed again. Scheherazade volunteers to marry the king. Each evening, she begins an engaging story but stops at dawn, leaving him eager for more. Night after night, she keeps him attracted with new tales, and over 1,001 nights, the king falls in love with her and abandons his cruel ways. This ancient tale from One Thousand and One Nights highlights storytelling’s impact. Our recent research shows that strong storytelling skills can dramatically improve someone’s well-being. At its core, storytelling helps people find meaning from life’s chaos. Studies show we shape our identities by turning experiences into personal stories. Skilled storytellers excel at two key skills: they need to connect events logically and they must learn to see the world through the eyes of their characters, understanding the “why” of what drives people. Applying these two skills to their own lives, skillful storytellers use the first to identify and pursue what gives their life meaning, while the second develops a mindset that prioritizes the “why” behind their actions over just the “how”. To illustrate this point, we conducted studies with 800 participants. We measured storytelling ability through self-reports, friend evaluations and expert reviews on lab experiments where each participant told one story about himself and the other with three given random words. In addition to these assessments of storytelling skills, we asked participants questions to get a sense of how meaningful they found life and whether they approached decisions with a “why” mindset rather than a “how” mindset. Results consistently linked storytelling skills to stronger life meaning and goal clarity. Personality also mattered: people open to new experiences collected more interesting life stories, while shy people used storytelling to balance out their limited social interaction. A strong “why” mindset connects with reduced stress and extended life. Storytelling also builds social connections. By helping people express their purpose and build relationships, stories may indirectly strengthen both mental and physical health. Storytelling workshops, now popular globally, may do more than teach communication they could help participants redefine their life’s direction. 1．Why does the author mention Scheherazade’s stories in the first paragraph? A．To show Scheherazade’s cleverness. B．To entertain readers with a classic tale. C．To introduce the topic of storytelling. D．To compare ancient and modern stories. 2．What does the “why” mindset primarily focus on? A．Completing daily tasks efficiently. B．Avoiding stressful situations. C．Memorizing random life events. D．Understanding life’s purpose. 3．What were participants asked to do in the lab experiment? A．Share personal interests in a group. B．Tell a story with words provided. C．Reflect on the “why” behind their actions. D．Connect events into a meaningful story. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Scheherazade’s Survival in an Ancient Tale B．How People’s Storytelling Abilities Develop C．Living a Meaningful Life through Storytelling D．Why Shy People Attend Storytelling Workshops 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章是一篇说明文。主要探讨了讲故事能力对个人幸福感和生活意义的积极影响，并结合研究数据分析了其背后的心理学机制。 【1 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“This ancient tale from One Thousand and One Nights highlights storytelling’s impact. Our recent research shows that strong storytelling skills can dramatically improve someone’s well-being. (这个出自《一千零一夜》的古老故事彰显了讲故事的影响力。我们最新的研究表明，出色的讲故事能力能显著提升一个人的幸福感。)”可知，作者引用舍赫拉查德（Scheherazade）的故事是为了引出“讲故事”这一主题，后文内容均围绕讲故事的作用展开。故选C项。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Applying these two skills to their own lives, skillful storytellers use the first to identify and pursue what gives their life meaning, while the second develops a mindset that prioritizes the “why” behind their actions over just the “how”. (将这两种技能运用到生活中时，娴熟的讲故事者会运用第一种技能来发现并追寻生命的意义，而第二种技能则能培养一种思维方式——这种思维更关注行为背后的“为什么”，而不仅仅是“怎么做”。)”可知，“为什么思维”关注的是做某行为背后的目的和意义是什么。故选D项。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“We measured storytelling ability through self-reports, friend evaluations and expert reviews on lab experiments where each participant told one story about himself and the other with three given random words. (我们通过三种方式评估参与者的叙事能力：自我报告、朋友评价，以及在实验室实验中的专家评审——实验中每位参与者需要讲述两个故事：一个是关于自己的亲身经历，另一个则需运用三个随机提供的词语进行即兴创作。)”可知，实验要求参与者用给定词语编故事。故选B项。 【4 题详解】 主旨大意题。全文以舍赫拉查德（Scheherazade）的故事开篇，重点讨论讲故事如何帮助人们找到生活意义（第三段）、研究结果（第四至六段）及其对心理健康的益处（第七段）。“通过讲故事过上有意义的生活”能概括全文核心，适合用作标题。故选C项。 （五） （2025·浙江金华·二模） A wheeled robot rolls across the floor. A soft-bodied robotic star bends its five legs, moving awkwardly. Powered by conventional electricity via plug or battery, these simple robotic creations would be unremarkable, but what sets these two robots apart is that they are controlled by a living entity (实体) : a king oyster mushroom. By growing the mushroom’s mycelium (菌丝体) into the robot’s hardware, a team led by Cornell University researchers has engineered two types of robots that sense and respond to the environment by using electrical signals made by the mushroom and its sensitivity to light. The robots are the latest accomplishment of scientists in a field known as biohybrid robotics who seek to combine biological, living materials such as plant and animal cells or insects with artificial components to make partly living and partly engineered entities. There’s still a long way to go before biohybrid robots go beyond the lab, but researchers hope one day robot jellyfish may explore oceans, sperm-powered robots may be able to deliver fertility (肥沃) treatments and cyborg cockroaches could search for survivors in the wake of an earthquake. “Biohybridization is an attempt to find components in the biological world that we can use, understand, and control to help our artificial systems work better,” said Shepherd, a professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at Cornell University. The team began by growing king oyster mushrooms in the lab from a simple kit ordered online. The researchers chose this species of mushroom because it grows easily and quickly. They cultivated (培育) the mushroom’s mycelium, which can form networks that, according to the study, can sense, communicate and transport nutrients. The team found it challenging to engineer a system that could detect and use the small electrical signals from the mycelia to command the robot. “You have to make sure that your electrode (电极) touches in the right position because the mycelia are very thin,” said lead author Anand Mishra. “Then you culture them, and when the mycelia start growing, they wrap around the electrode.” 1．What is special about the two robots in the first paragraph? A．They can control living creatures. B．They can make various movements. C．They are powered by king oyster mushrooms. D．They are partly mushroom and partly machine. 2．What does the author want to show by giving the examples in paragraph 4? A．The future possibilities of biohybrid robots. B．The seriousness of the environmental issues. C．The limitations of biohybrid robots beyond the lab. D．The advantages of biohybrid robots over conventional ones. 3．What did the team find difficult when engineering the robots? A．Wrapping the electrode with the mycelia. B．Arranging the electrode in the right order. C．Developing a system to cultivate the mycelia. D．Positioning the electrode accurately on the mycelia. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．When Nature Meets Technology B．How Technology Transforms Nature C．King Oyster Mushrooms: the Magic of Nature D．Biohybrid Robotics: the Key to Social Development 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．D 4．A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种将生物和科技结合起来的机器人，介绍了其工作原理以及存在的挑战。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Powered by conventional electricity via plug or battery, these simple robotic creations would be unremarkable, but what sets these two robots apart is that they are controlled by a living entity (实体) : a king oyster mushroom.(通过插头或电池供电，这些简单的机器人创造物可能并不引人注目，但这两个机器人的与众不同之处在于，它们是由一种生物控制的：一种王牡蛎蘑菇)”可知，两个机器人部分是蘑菇，部分是机器。故选D。 【2 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“There’s still a long way to go before biohybrid robots go beyond the lab, but researchers hope one day robot jellyfish may explore oceans, sperm-powered robots may be able to deliver fertility (肥沃) treatments and cyborg cockroaches could search for survivors in the wake of an earthquake.(生物混合机器人要走出实验室还有很长的路要走，但研究人员希望有一天机器水母可以探索海洋，精子驱动的机器人可以提供生育治疗，半机器人蟑螂可以在地震后寻找幸存者)”可知，作者在第4段中给出的例子想要说明生物混合机器人的未来可能性。故选A。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The team found it challenging to engineer a system that could detect and use the small electrical signals from the mycelia to command the robot. “You have to make sure that your electrode (电极) touches in the right position because the mycelia are very thin,” said lead author Anand Mishra.(研究小组发现，设计一个能够检测并使用来自菌丝体的小电信号来指挥机器人的系统是一项挑战该研究的主要作者阿南德·米什拉说：“你必须确保电极接触到正确的位置，因为菌丝非常薄。”)”可知，在设计机器人时，团队发现难以将电极准确定位在菌丝上。故选D。 【4 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“By growing the mushroom’s mycelium (菌丝体) into the robot’s hardware, a team led by Cornell University researchers has engineered two types of robots that sense and respond to the environment by using electrical signals made by the mushroom and its sensitivity to light.(通过将蘑菇的菌丝体植入机器人的硬件，康奈尔大学研究人员领导的一个团队设计了两种类型的机器人，它们通过蘑菇发出的电信号和对光的敏感性来感知和响应环境)”结合文章主要介绍了一种将生物和科技结合起来的机器人，介绍了其工作原理以及存在的挑战可知，A选项“当自然遇上科技”最符合文章标题。故选A。 （六） （2025·浙江·二模） The Last Tear of The Atlantic Nestled deep within the majestic Tian Shan mountain range in Xinjiang, China, Lake Sayram stands as a magnificent alpine lake, often romanticized as the “last tear of the Atlantic”. This breathtaking natural wonder, spanning approximately 453 square kilometers and situated at an elevation of 2,073 meters above sea level, holds the distinction of being the highest and largest lake of its type in the region. What truly sets Lake Sayram apart is its unique geographical and ecological significance. The lake is primarily fed by the melting snow and ice from the surrounding peaks, complemented by precipitation that originates from the Atlantic Ocean, thousands of kilometers away. This distinctive combination of water sources results in the lake’s remarkable clarity, with visibility reaching up to 10-12 meters, a feature that places it among the clearest lakes in China. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, Lake Sayram serves as a vital ecological hub. It hosts a rich diversity of plant and animal species, many of which are rare and indigenous to the area. The lake’s transparent waters provide a habitat for various unique fish species, while the surrounding wetlands offer shelter to a multitude of bird species. The ecosystem of Lake Sayram plays a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of the region. The formation of Lake Sayram dates back to the Himalayan orogeny period (喜马拉雅造山运动时期) approximately 70 million years ago. During this geological epoch, crustal movements led to the fracturing and subsidence of rock layers, creating a basin where water gradually accumulated and eventually formed the lake. Throughout history, Lake Sayram has served as a significant stop along the Northern Route of the Silk Road.Ancient traders and travelers would pass by the lake, taking in its breathtaking beauty and seeking refreshment during their arduous journeys. In recognition of its ecological importance and natural beauty, Lake Sayram has been designated as a national park and a protected area. The local government has implemented stringent conservation measures to preserve the lake’s pristine environment. Visitors to the lake can engage in a variety of activities such as hiking, bird watching,and boating, all while immersed in the lake’s natural splendor. The lake’s beauty evolves with the changing seasons, offering visitors a unique experience throughout the year.In spring, the surrounding hills are adorned with colorful wildflowers; in summer, the lake provides a cool retreat from the heat; in autumn,the leaves turn golden, creating a picturesque landscape; and in winter, the lake transforms into a serene, snow-covered wonderland. 1．Which factor is NOT directly linked to Lake Sayram’s exceptional water clarity? A．The absence of industrial pollution in the basin. B．The inflow of precipitation from the Atlantic Ocean. C．The geological stability of the Himalayan orogeny. D．The dominance of snowmelt over other water sources. 2．What is implied by the phrase“last tear of the Atlantic”in the context of Lake Sayram’s ecology? A．The lake’s water cycle reflects a fragile connection to distant oceanic systems. B．The Atlantic’s diminishing influence on global climate is symbolized by the lake. C．The lake’s formation marked the final stage of the Atlantic’s geological activity. D．The name highlights the lake’s role as a remnant of ancient oceanic biodiversity. 3．How does the passage characterize the relationship between Lake Sayram’s biodiversity and its historical role on the Silk Road? A．The lake’s species diversity directly facilitated trade by providing resources to travelers. B．Its ecological richness and historical significance are presented as coexisting but distinct legacies. C．Conservation efforts prioritize ecological value over cultural heritage preservation. D．Ancient traders exploited the lake’s resources, leading to its current protected status. 4．The author’s description of Lake Sayram’s seasonal transformations primarily serves to . A．critique the impact of tourism on fragile ecosystems B．illustrate the lake’s adaptability to climatic extremes C．emphasize its enduring appeal as a multifaceted natural wonder D．advocate for stricter regulations on recreational activities 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国新疆的赛里木湖，包括其地理位置、生态意义、形成原因、历史作用以及保护措施等内容。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The lake is primarily fed by the melting snow and ice from the surrounding peaks, complemented by precipitation that originates from the Atlantic Ocean, thousands of kilometers away. This distinctive combination of water sources results in the lake’s remarkable clarity (湖泊主要由周围山峰的冰雪融水补给，辅以数千公里外来自大西洋的降水。这种独特的水源组合导致了湖泊非凡的透明度)” 以及最后一段“In recognition of its ecological importance and natural beauty, Lake Sayram has been designated as a national park and a protected area. The local government has implemented stringent conservation measures to preserve the lake’s pristine environment.(由于其生态重要性和自然美景，赛里木湖被指定为国家公园和保护区。当地政府已经实施了严格的保护措施来保护湖泊的原始环境)” 可知，赛里木湖湖水清澈的原因有大西洋的降水、冰雪融水以及没有工业污染。而C选项“喜马拉雅造山运动的地质稳定性”与湖水清澈没有直接关系。故选C。 【2 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“The lake is primarily fed by the melting snow and ice from the surrounding peaks, complemented by precipitation that originates from the Atlantic Ocean, thousands of kilometers away (湖泊主要由周围山峰的冰雪融水补给，辅以数千公里外来自大西洋的降水)” 可知，赛里木湖的水源与大西洋有关，其水循环与遥远的海洋系统有着脆弱的联系。“大西洋的最后一滴眼泪”这一说法暗示了湖泊的生态与遥远大西洋的脆弱联系。故选A。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Beyond its aesthetic appeal, Lake Sayram serves as a vital ecological hub. It hosts a rich diversity of plant and animal species, many of which are rare and indigenous to the area.(除了它的美学吸引力，赛里木湖还是一个重要的生态中心。它拥有丰富多样的植物和动物物种，其中许多是该地区罕见的本土物种)” 以及第四段“Throughout history, Lake Sayram has served as a significant stop along the Northern Route of the Silk Road. Ancient traders and travelers would pass by the lake, taking in its breathtaking beauty and seeking refreshment during their arduous journeys.(纵观历史，赛里木湖一直是丝绸之路北方路线上的重要一站。古代的商人和旅行者会经过这个湖，欣赏它令人叹为观止的美景，并在他们艰苦的旅程中寻求恢复活力)”可知，文章分别介绍了赛里木湖的生态丰富性和作为丝绸之路重要一站的历史意义，将两者作为并存但不同的遗产呈现。故选B。 【4 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Visitors to the lake can engage in a variety of activities such as hiking, bird watching, and boating, all while immersed in the lake’s natural splendor. The lake’s beauty evolves with the changing seasons, offering visitors a unique experience throughout the year.(游客可以在湖边进行徒步、观鸟、划船等各种活动，同时沉浸在湖泊的自然美景中。湖泊的美景随着季节的变化而变化，为游客提供了全年独特的体验)” 可知，作者描述赛里木湖的季节性变化主要是为了强调它作为一个多面的自然奇观的持久魅力。故选C。 （七） （2025·吉林·二模） Diverging Philosophies in Modern Artificial Intelligence: A Comparative Study The landscape of artificial intelligence has become increasingly stratified (分层的) as major players unveil novel paradigms to navigate the complex interplay between functionality, accessibility, and privacy. Among them, OpenAI’s ChatGPT, Google’s Gemini, DeepSeek, and Apple Intelligent epitomize diverging philosophical underpinnings in AI’s progression. ChatGPT, introduced in 2022, epitomizes the apex of natural language generation. Underpinned by extensive transformer-based architectures, it excels in coherent discourse, dynamic context-switching, and creative generation. Its accessibility through API democratizes AI deployment; however, critics underscore its proclivity (倾向) for generating plausible yet factually erroneous content—a persistent vulnerability in stochastic models. Google’s Gemini, launched in late 2023, diverges through an aggressive push toward multimodal synthesis. Beyond mere textual prowess, Gemini interprets and generates across visual, auditory, and textual spectra. Nevertheless, its proprietary infrastructure and enigmatic training corpus have engendered skepticism regarding its ethical transparency and bias mitigation efforts. By contrast, DeepSeek, a nimble contender emerging from China, champions open-source democratization. Its architectural economy facilitates deployment on modest hardware, thereby lowering the barrier to entry for researchers and developers. Still, doubts persist over its resilience in adversarial settings and its capacity for genuine innovation beyond mimetic replication of existing paradigms. Apple Intelligent, diverging further still, prioritizes localized processing to ensure maximal data sovereignty. Embedded within native hardware via specialized neural engines, it aspires to fuse ambient computing with rigorous privacy standards. This strategic insularity, while bolstering user trust, simultaneously circumscribes its adaptability, especially when juxtaposed against cloud-augmented competitors. Collectively, these platforms underscore AI’s increasingly pluralistic evolution, wherein trade-offs between openness, computational sophistication, and ethical stewardship are not merely technical choices but ideological battlegrounds. As AI systems embed themselves deeper into quotidian existence, discerning users must grapple with questions not only of performance, but of trust, transparency, and long-term societal ramifications 1．Based on the passage, which platform most intentionally sacrifices adaptability for the sake of privacy? A．ChatGPT B．Gemini C．DeepSeek D．Apple Intelligent 2．What can be inferred about the author’s perspective on DeepSeek’s contributions to AI innovation? A．The author views DeepSeek as a major innovator B．The author questions whether DeepSeek truly innovates C．The author believes DeepSeek surpasses Gemini in capabilities D．The author views DeepSeek as irrelevant to the AI landscape 3．What is one of the main criticisms faced by ChatGPT according to the text? A．High cost of hardware deployment B．Overreliance on proprietary datasets C．Tendency to produce plausible but inaccurate responses D．Limited multimodal capabilities 4．According to the passage, which platform explicitly integrates multimodal abilities? A．ChatGPT B．Gemini C．DeepSeek D．Apple Intelligent 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕现代人工智能领域中不同平台或模型的哲学理念差异进行了深入的比较和分析。描述了这些平台或模型的特点，还探讨了它们在人工智能发展中所面临的挑战和争议。 【1 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Apple Intelligent, diverging further still, prioritizes localized processing to ensure maximal data sovereignty. Embedded within native hardware via specialized neural engines, it aspires to fuse ambient computing with rigorous privacy standards. This strategic insularity, while bolstering user trust, simultaneously circumscribes its adaptability, especially when juxtaposed against cloud-augmented competitors.(苹果智能则更进一步地另辟蹊径，它优先考虑本地化处理，以确保最大程度的数据主权。通过专门的神经引擎嵌入到原生硬件中，它力求将环境计算与严格的隐私标准相融合。这种战略上的独立性，虽然增强了用户信任，但同时也限制了它的适应性，尤其是与那些有云增强功能的竞争对手相比时)”可知，苹果智能优先考虑本地化处理以确保最大程度的数据主权，通过专门的神经引擎嵌入原生硬件中，力求将环境计算与严格的隐私标准相结合。这种战略上的独立性在增强用户信任的同时，也限制了它的适应性，特别是与那些有云增强功能的竞争对手相比时。因此，最有意为了隐私而牺牲适应性的平台是 Apple Intelligent。故选D。 【2 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Still, doubts persist over its resilience in adversarial settings and its capacity for genuine innovation beyond mimetic replication of existing paradigms.(尽管如此，人们仍然怀疑它在对抗性环境中的稳健性，以及它在模仿现有范式之外真正进行创新的能力)”可知，作者质疑DeepSeek是否真的进行了创新。故选B。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“however, critics underscore its proclivity (倾向) for generating plausible yet factually erroneous content—a persistent vulnerability in stochastic models.(然而，批评者强调它倾向于生成看似合理但在事实上却错误的内容，这是随机模型中一直存在的一个漏洞)”可知，批评者强调ChatGPT倾向于生成看似合理但实际上错误的内容，这是随机模型中一直存在的弱点。所以ChatGPT面临的主要批评之一是它有产生看似合理但不准确回应的倾向。故选C。 【4 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Google’s Gemini, launched in late 2023, diverges through an aggressive push toward multimodal synthesis. Beyond mere textual prowess, Gemini interprets and generates across visual, auditory, and textual spectra.(谷歌的Gemini于2023年末推出，它通过大力推动多模态合成而与众不同。Gemini不仅仅具备强大的文本处理能力，还能在视觉、听觉和文本等多个领域进行解读和生成)”可知，谷歌的Gemini通过大力推动多模态合成而与众不同，它不仅仅具备文本处理能力，还能在视觉、听觉和文本等多个领域进行解读和生成。故选B。 （八） （2025·浙江·二模） Chinese scientists have made a significant breakthrough in producing hydrogen from water using light. They added scandium (钪) to titanium dioxide (二氧化钛, TiO₂) to create a new TiO₂ structure. This innovation increases hydrogen production efficiency 15 times under sunlight compared to previous TiO₂ materials. The new performance of photocatalys, which is a chemical reaction that is accelerated by the absorption of light by a catalyst (催化剂) is due to 5% scandium doping. This creates TiO₂ particles with two crystal facets (面): {101} and {110}. The {101} facet collects electrons, while the {110} facet receives holes. This arrangement produces a strong electric field within the TiO₂ particles, enhancing charge transport efficiency. As a result, the photoinduced (光诱导的) charge separation efficiency has improved over 200 times, and the quantum efficiency for ultraviolet light at 360 nm has exceeded 30%. Compared to traditional solar hydrogen production methods like photovoltaic-powered electrolysis, this new approach is simpler and more cost-effective. Traditional methods require complex and expensive equipment, while TiO₂-based photocatalysts offer a more straightforward alternative. However, TiO₂ has a problem: photoexcited electrons and holes reunite quickly, reducing efficiency. The scandium-doped TiO₂ solves this problem in two ways: 1. Eliminating Charge Traps: Sc³⁺ ions fit well into the TiO₂ structure without causing distortion. Their stable +3 charge neutralizes the imbalance caused by oxygen vacancies, reducing electron-hole recombination. 2. Reconstructing the Crystal Surface: Scandium atoms rearrange the crystal surface to form specific facets, giving electrons and holes more time and space to participate in reactions. If made into a 100 m² photocatalytic panel, this material could generate enough hydrogen in one day to power a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle to travel about 68 kilometers. China has the world’s largest TiO₂ production capacity and significant scandium reserves, so this discovery could facilitate the large-scale industrial application of photocatalytic water splitting technology. It offers a promising way for more efficient and economical hydrogen production, which is crucial for transitioning to sustainable and carbon-neutral energy systems. This advancement highlights the potential of rare-earth elements in improving photocatalytic materials. As the world seeks ways to reduce carbon emissions and combat climate change, this scandium-doped TiO₂ photocatalyst provides hope. It could accelerate the adoption of hydrogen as a clean energy carrier and support the development of hydrogen-powered technologies across various industries. In summary, this new scandium-doped TiO₂ photocatalyst is a major step forward in renewable energy. Its impressive performance and potential for widespread application bring us closer to a future where clean, sustainable hydrogen energy is both abundant and economically feasible. This breakthrough is expected to inspire further research and innovation in the design of advanced photocatalytic materials, driving the world closer to a carbon-neutral and sustainable energy future. 1．What fundamental innovation enables the dramatic improvement in hydrogen production efficiency? A．Substituting rare-earth elements for traditional catalysts. B．Optimizing catalyst structure through elemental integration. C．Developing ultra-thin semiconductor membrane layers. D．Implementing multi-stage photovoltaic conversion systems. 2．Which dual mechanism addresses the rapid recombination of electrons and holes? A．Neutralizing ionic imbalances and restructuring reactive pathways. B．Enhancing photon absorption and extending wavelength ranges. C．Introducing magnetic fields and cooling thermal byproducts. D．Isolating oxygen molecules and pressurizing reaction chambers. 3．Considering China’s industrial context, which factor would most critically determine the scalability of this technology? A．Global market demand for hydrogen vehicles. B．Availability of specialized manufacturing equipment. C．Domestic mineral resource distribution patterns. D．International carbon emission regulations. 4．A renewable energy startup plans to pilot this technology. Which implementation challenge aligns with the statement “photoexcited electrons and holes reunite quickly”  (para. 3)? A．Maintaining stable light intensity across large surface areas. B．Preventing premature energy loss during charge migration. C．Scaling up ultraviolet light filtration systems. D．Balancing production costs with catalyst durability. 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国科学家用掺钪的二氧化钛光催化剂从水中制氢的突破，该方法高效且成本低，有望推动氢能产业发展。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“They added scandium (钪) to titanium dioxide (二氧化钛, TiO₂) to create a new TiO₂ structure. This innovation increases hydrogen production efficiency 15 times under sunlight compared to previous TiO₂ materials.(他们在二氧化钛 (TiO₂)中加入钪，创造了一种新的二氧化钛结构。与之前的二氧化钛材料相比，这一创新使阳光下的制氢效率提高了15倍)”可知，通过元素融合优化催化剂结构，使得制氢效率大幅提高。故选B项。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“1. Eliminating Charge Traps: Sc³⁺ ions fit well into the TiO₂ structure without causing distortion. Their stable +3 charge neutralizes the imbalance caused by oxygen vacancies, reducing electron hole recombination.(1. 消除电荷陷阱：Sc³⁺离子能很好地融入二氧化钛结构而不造成扭曲。它们稳定的 +3 价电荷中和了氧空位造成的不平衡，减少了电子-空穴复合)”和“2. Reconstructing the Crystal Surface: Scandium atoms rearrange the crystal surface to form specific facets, giving electrons and holes more time and space to participate in reactions.(2. 重构晶体表面：钪原子重新排列晶体表面形成特定的晶面，给电子-空穴更多的时间和空间参与反应)”可知，解决电子-空穴快速复合的双机制是中和离子不平衡和重构反应途径。故选A项。 【3 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“China has the world’s largest TiO₂ production capacity and significant scandium reserves, so this discovery could facilitate the large scale industrial application of photocatalytic water splitting technology.(中国拥有世界上最大的二氧化钛生产能力和大量的钪储量，因此这一发现有助于光催化水分解技术的大规模工业应用)”可知，国内矿产资源的分布模式会对该技术的可扩展性起关键作用。故选C项。 【4 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“However, TiO₂ has a problem: photoexcited electrons and holes reunite quickly, reducing efficiency.(然而，二氧化钛有一个问题：光激发的电子-空穴很快重新结合，降低了效率)”和“1. Eliminating Charge Traps: Sc³⁺ ions fit well into the TiO₂ structure without causing distortion. Their stable +3 charge neutralizes the imbalance caused by oxygen vacancies, reducing electron hole recombination.(1. 消除电荷陷阱：Sc³⁺离子能很好地融入二氧化钛结构而不造成扭曲。它们稳定的 +3 价电荷中和了氧空位造成的不平衡，减少了电子-空穴复合)”可知电子-空穴快速复合导致能量损失，可再生能源初创公司在试点这项技术时，“防止电荷迁移过程中的过早能量损失”这一挑战与“光激发的电子-空穴很快重新结合”相契合。故选B项。 （九） （2025·甘肃金昌·二模） Growing evidence shows that dancing can boost brain health and help manage neurocognitive (神经认知的) disorders. So what is it about dance that’s different from other regular exercises? Helena Blumen, a cognitive scientist at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, says the complex mental multitasking that dancing requires engages various parts of the brain at the same time. Basically, dancing requires more brainpower than simpler repetitive exercises. While scientists are still learning how the mechanisms of dancing work in the brain, a clearer picture is beginning to emerge. Researchers at Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany, did MRI scans of older adults who had participated in one of two programs over a six-month period. One group practiced dance and the other did a traditional exercise program with cycling and strength training. While both groups improved their level of physical fitness, the dancers grew more white and gray matter in the parts of their brains responsible for cognitive processes. Both white and gray matter typically decline as we get older, making communication in the brain slow. Imagine your brain is a city with loads of roads. The researchers assume, the changes brought by dancing contribute to brain plasticity, which is like the city’s ability to build new roads, repair old ones or even change the direction of traffic based on how often the routes are used and what the city needs. In addition to the physical and neurological (神经学的) benefits, dance can also help people accept what their bodies can and can’t do. Dawnia Baynes, 44, developed multiple sclerosis (MS) after her body lost all feeling from the chest down. She recently joined an online dance program for people with MS. Not only has it improved her range of motion, it has also helped her overcome her fear of being judged for how she moves. “To see other people moving is like I’m moving,” she says, “and knowing that I don’t have to be professional and super technical in my dancing makes me comfortable with where I am right now.” 1．What does dancing involve according to the passage? A．Mental multitasking. B．Picturing abstract images. C．Simple repetitive exercises. D．A high level of physical fitness. 2．What does the underlined word “plasticity” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Growth. B．Volume. C．Flexibility. D．Damage. 3．How has Baynes benefited from dancing? A．She has become a professional dancer. B．She has set up an online dance program. C．She has broadened her range of influence. D．She has developed greater self-acceptance. 4．What is a suitable title for the passage? A．Dance for Better Health B．Choose Proper Exercise C．Take Yourself as You Are D．Manage Neurocognitive Disorders 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了跳舞有益于大脑健康，它涉及心理多任务处理，有身心方面的益处，还能助力自我接纳。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Helena Blumen, a cognitive scientist at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, says the complex mental multitasking that dancing requires engages various parts of the brain at the same time.(阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦医学院的认知科学家海伦娜·布鲁门说，跳舞需要复杂的多任务处理，同时涉及大脑的各个部分)”可知，跳舞需要复杂的心理多任务处理。故选A。 【2 题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后半句“which is like the city’s ability to build new roads, repair old ones or even change the direction of traffic based on how often the routes are used and what the city needs.(这就像城市建造新道路、修复旧道路的能力，甚至可以根据道路的使用频率和城市的需求改变交通方向)”可知，这里把大脑比作城市，大脑的plasticity就像城市根据需求建造新路、修复旧路或改变交通方向的能力，即灵活性。故选C。 【3 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Not only has it improved her range of motion, it has also helped her overcome her fear of being judged for how she moves.(这不仅提高了她的活动范围，还帮助她克服了因动作而被评判的恐惧)”和第六段中的“and knowing that I don’t have to be professional and super technical in my dancing makes me comfortable with where I am right now.(知道我不必在舞蹈中表现得很专业，也不需要高超的技术，这让我对自己现在的状态感到很舒服)”可知，Baynes 通过跳舞不仅改善了活动范围，还克服了对自己动作被评判的恐惧，对自己当下的状态感到舒适，即她获得了更强的自我接受度。故选D。 【4 题详解】 主旨大意题。文章开篇指出跳舞能促进大脑健康和帮助管理神经认知障碍，接着从大脑机制、身体和神经学益处以及心理方面阐述跳舞对健康的好处，所以选择项A“Dance for Better Health(为了更好的健康而跳舞)”作为标题最合适。故选A。 （十） （2025·山东济南·二模） Nestled along the shores of Lake Mergozzo in northern Italy stands a 1960s architectural relic reborn as a sanctuary of retro charm. The house, constructed in 1963 during Italy’s postwar design renaissance, had languished for years until Hilary Belle Walker — a San Francisco-born vintage fashion entrepreneur — stumbled upon its listing on a Milan real-estate portal in 2018. Though Hilary resided in Milan, her fascination with the lake region’s unspoiled beauty compelled her to purchase the property sight unseen, relying solely on photographs and trusted associates’ assessments. Restoration posed unique challenges. While preserving original elements like pistachio-green terrazzo (水磨石) floors and mid-century wood paneling (镶板), Hilary strategically sourced period-accurate décor. She combed European flea markets for discontinued Swedish floral wallpaper from 1965 and salvaged unused avocado-toned bathroom fixtures from a shuttered Turin warehouse. The living area juxtaposes two rare Missoni wool rugs — one unearthed at a French estate sale, the other from a Bergamo antique dealer — their geometric patterns echoing the home’s recurring plum-and-moss-green palette. A daring maroon ceiling installation modernizes the retro aesthetic without overshadowing vintage foundations. The lakeside setting dictated design choices. A sliding glass wall — an engineering feat for its time — opens to a balcony retaining original hexagonal cement tiles, framing panoramic lake vistas. Outdoors, a two-tonne sandstone table hauled from a disused Alpine quarry now anchors alfresco (户外的) gatherings under a century-old oak. Hidden across the adjacent gravel road lies Hilary’s coup de grâce: a secluded pebble beach accessible via a camouflaged path, where dawn swims occur in near-total solitude. Lifestyle contrasts with urban modernity define the home’s ethos. While Hilary’s Milan apartment buzzes with digital conveniences, here a 1963 Garrard turntable spins jazz vinyls, and a boxy Philips DVD player replaces streaming services. Provisions come exclusively from Mergozzo’s family-run bottega (作坊), adhering to Hilary’s philosophy of “slow consumption”. This intentional disconnect extends to the region’s cultural hybridity: Swiss-Germanic influences permeate local dialects and customs, a legacy of cross-border traditions. Critics might question the practicality of such meticulous restoration, particularly the decision to retain original single-pane windows despite their thermal inefficiency. For Hilary, however, authenticity trumps modernity. “The flaws are heirlooms,” she insists, noting how winter frost patterns on the glass recapture her childhood memories of Lake Tahoe. Even the master bedroom’s creaky parquet flooring — a tripping hazard by contemporary standards — remains untouched, its imperfections deemed narrative artifacts. 1．What was Hilary’s key principle in selecting materials during restoration? A．Prioritizing modern convenience. B．Balancing aesthetics with functionality. C．Sourcing materials matching the historical context. D．Strictly using original 1960s components. 2．What can be inferred about Hilary’s attitude toward modern technology in the lake house? A．She deliberately avoids it to preserve historical authenticity. B．She embraces it cautiously to balance aesthetics and function. C．She prioritizes affordability over technological advancements. D．She incorporates it minimally due to limited local resources. 3．What is the primary purpose of the paragraph 3? A．To contrast architectural styles between Milan and Lake Mergozzo. B．To explain how natural surroundings guided design decisions. C．To criticize the impracticality of preserving outdated materials. D．To emphasize the financial challenges of the restoration process. 4．Which statement best captures the central theme of the passage? A．Architectural preservation requires sacrificing modern comforts. B．Postwar Italian architecture holds unmatched historical significance. C．Cultural identity can be woven into design through intentional curation. D．Lakeside properties demand constant modernization for functionality. 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Hilary Belle Walker对一座1960年代意大利建筑进行复古风格修复的过程、理念以及该建筑所体现的文化融合特色。 【1 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“While preserving original elements like pistachio-green terrazzo floors and mid-century wood paneling, Hilary strategically sourced period-accurate décor. She combed European flea markets for discontinued Swedish floral wallpaper from 1965 and salvaged unused avocado-toned bathroom fixtures from a shuttered Turin warehouse. (在保留开心果绿水磨石地板和中世纪木镶板等原始元素的同时，Hilary有策略地采购了与时代相符的装饰品。她遍寻欧洲跳蚤市场，寻找1965年已停产的瑞典花卉壁纸，并从都灵一家关闭的仓库中抢救出未使用的鳄梨色浴室配件。)”可知，Hilary在修复过程中，不仅保留了原始元素，还精心挑选了与建筑历史背景相匹配的材料和装饰品，由此可推断，Hilary在选材时的关键原则是寻找与历史背景相匹配的材料。故选C。 【2 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“While Hilary’s Milan apartment buzzes with digital conveniences, here a 1963 Garrard turntable spins jazz vinyls, and a boxy Philips DVD player replaces streaming services. Provisions come exclusively from Mergozzo’s family-run bottega (作坊), adhering to Hilary’s philosophy of “slow consumption”. This intentional disconnect extends to the region’s cultural hybridity: Swiss-Germanic influences permeate local dialects and customs, a legacy of cross-border traditions. (虽然希拉里米兰的公寓充满了数字便利设施，但在这座湖边的房子里，一台1963 年的Garrard唱片机播放着爵士黑胶唱片，一台方形的飞利浦DVD播放器取代了流媒体服务。食品供应完全来自梅尔戈佐的家族经营的作坊，这遵循了希拉里 “慢消费” 的理念。这种有意的脱节延伸到该地区的文化混合性：瑞士-日耳曼的影响渗透到当地方言和习俗中，这是跨境传统的遗产。)”可知，在米兰的公寓里希拉里享受数字便利设施，但在湖边的房子里她使用老式唱片机和DVD播放器，并且遵循“慢消费”理念，由此可推断出她故意避免使用现代技术，以保持历史的真实性。故选A。 【3 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“The lakeside setting dictated design choices. A sliding glass wall — an engineering feat for its time — opens to a balcony retaining original hexagonal cement tiles, framing panoramic lake vistas. Outdoors, a two-tonne sandstone table hauled from a disused Alpine quarry now anchors alfresco gatherings under a century-old oak. (湖边的环境决定了设计选择。一扇滑动玻璃墙——在当时是一项工程壮举——通向一个保留着原始六边形水泥瓷砖的阳台，框出了全景湖景。户外，一张从废弃的阿尔卑斯山采石场运来的两吨重的砂岩桌，现在在一棵百年橡树下支撑着户外聚会。)”可知，第三段主要讲述了湖边的自然环境如何影响了建筑的设计，例如滑动玻璃墙的设计是为了保留原始的六边形水泥瓷砖并框出湖景，户外放置的砂岩桌也是为了与百年橡树相协调，由此可推断，第三段的主要目的是解释自然环境如何指导了设计决策。故选B。 【4 题详解】 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了希拉里将位于意大利北部梅尔戈佐湖岸边的一座20世纪60年代的建筑遗迹，通过精心修复和设计，保留了许多原始元素和复古风格，同时融入了当地文化混合性 (如瑞士 - 日耳曼的影响渗透到当地方言和习俗中) 等，将文化身份通过有意的策划融入到设计中。文章第四段中“Lifestyle contrasts with urban modernity define the home’s ethos. (与城市现代性形成对比的生活方式定义了这个家的精神气质)”以及“This intentional disconnect extends to the region’s cultural hybridity: Swiss-Germanic influences permeate local dialects and customs, a legacy of cross-border traditions. (这种有意的脱节延伸到该地区的文化混合性：瑞士-日耳曼的影响渗透到当地方言和习俗中，这是跨境传统的遗产。)”等内容都体现了这一点。所以“Cultural identity can be woven into design through intentional curation. (文化身份可以通过有意的策划融入到设计中。) ”最能概括文章的中心主题。故选C。 （十一） （2025·湖北·二模） A futuristic world has always been charming to humans. Movies and sci-fi novels have made us fantasize about a society flooded with humanoid robots that helps free us from mind-numbing tasks while we focus on things that require our attention or simply relax. Brain-computer interface (BCI) (脑机接口) is one such technology. Pioneered by Elon Musk’s Neuralink, these brain implants could enable mind-controlled computing—potentially going far beyond just reading thoughts. This can solve many medical conditions, including paralysis, anxiety, and addiction. BCI chips acquire brain signals, analyze them, and translate them into commands sent to output devices that carry out desired actions. It does not use normal neuromuscular (神经肌肉的) output pathways. It is often used as assisted living devices for individuals with neuromuscular disorders such as stroke, or spinal cord injury. Basically, BCI results from the blend of technologies from the fields of electrical engineering, computer science, biomedical engineering, and neurosurgery. These BCI devices are of two types, namely, Non-invasive (非侵入性的) BCI and Invasive BCI. Non-invasive BCI tools use sensors applied on or near the head to track and record brain activity. These ones can be placed and removed easily, but their signals may be indistinct and imprecise. However, Invasive BCI requires surgery as they are to be implanted beneath the skull, directly into the brain, to target specific sets of neurons, thus providing a much clearer and more accurate signal between the brain and the device. Using BCIs can potentially enhance its personnel’s physical and cognitive power. While BCIs try to imitate the way our brains function, understanding the mechanics can be quite challenging for researchers. Further, there have been concerns on ethical grounds on this research. This includes privacy and security issues. Ethicists fear that captured neural signals can be used to gain access to a user’s private information. On the other hand, because BCI chips and devices capture signals directly from a subject’s nervous system, this transmitted data can be extracted for evil purposes, or even the whole BCI system can be broken into by cybercriminals. Hope these issues are addressed before the commercial launch of BCIs in the future. 1．According to the text, who may benefit most from BCI? A．A woman losing her ability to speak. B．An engineer thirsty for high productivity. C．A patient incapable of moving after injuries. D．An athlete aiming for improved performance. 2．What can we learn about BCI from the third paragraph? A．Non-invasive BCI provides clearer signals. B．Invasive BCI enables precise neural recordings. C．Invasive BCI can be easily removed like a headset. D．Non-invasive BCI requires permanent skull implants. 3．What’s the potential risk BCI may bring in the text? A．Theft of brain data. B．Short service life of implanted devices. C．High cost of BCI devices. D．Difficulty in understanding brain signals. 4．The author’s attitude towards BCI is ________. A．Strongly negative. B．Fully supportive. C．Cautiously optimistic. D．Completely indifferent. 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了脑机接口技术及其利弊和潜在风险。 【1 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“It is often used as assisted living devices for individuals with neuromuscular disorders such as stroke, or spinal cord injury. (它通常被用作患有如中风或脊髓损伤等神经肌肉疾病患者的辅助生活设备。)”可知，脑机接口技术常被用于帮助患有神经肌肉疾病的人，受伤后无法移动的病人属于这类人群，所以他们可能从脑机接口技术中受益最多。故选C。 【2 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“However, Invasive BCI requires surgery as they are to be implanted beneath the skull, directly into the brain, to target specific sets of neurons, thus providing a much clearer and more accurate signal between the brain and the device. (然而，侵入性脑机接口需要进行手术，因为它们要被植入头骨下方，直接进入大脑，以特定的神经元组为目标，从而在大脑和设备之间提供更清晰、更准确的信号。)”可知，侵入性脑机接口能够实现精确的神经记录。故选B。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Ethicists fear that captured neural signals can be used to gain access to a user’s private information. On the other hand, because BCI chips and devices capture signals directly from a subject’s nervous system, this transmitted data can be extracted for evil purposes, or even the whole BCI system can be broken into by cybercriminals. (伦理学家担心捕获的神经信号可能被用于获取用户的私人信息。另一方面，由于脑机接口芯片和设备直接从受试者的神经系统中捕获信号，这些传输的数据可能会被提取用于邪恶目的，甚至整个脑机接口系统都可能被网络犯罪分子入侵。)”可知，脑机接口可能带来的潜在风险是大脑数据被盗取。故选A。 【4 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Using BCIs can potentially enhance its personnel’s physical and cognitive power. While BCIs try to imitate the way our brains function, understanding the mechanics can be quite challenging for researchers. Further, there have been concerns on ethical grounds on this research. This includes privacy and security issues. Ethicists fear that captured neural signals can be used to gain access to a user’s private information. On the other hand, because BCI chips and devices capture signals directly from a subject’s nervous system, this transmitted data can be extracted for evil purposes, or even the whole BCI system can be broken into by cybercriminals. Hope these issues are addressed before the commercial launch of BCIs in the future. (使用脑机接口（BCI）有可能增强使用者的身体和认知能力。虽然脑机接口试图模仿我们大脑的运作方式，但对于研究人员来说，理解其工作原理可能颇具挑战性。此外，这项研究在伦理方面也存在一些令人担忧的问题。这其中包括隐私和安全问题。伦理学家担心，采集到的神经信号可能会被用于获取用户的私人信息。另一方面，由于脑机接口芯片和设备直接从受试者的神经系统中采集信号，这些传输的数据可能会被提取出来用于不良目的，甚至整个脑机接口系统都可能遭到网络犯罪分子的入侵。希望在未来脑机接口商业化推出之前，这些问题能够得到解决。)”可知，作者一方面看到了脑机接口技术存在的问题和风险，另一方面又希望这些问题能得到解决，所以作者对脑机接口技术的态度是谨慎乐观的。故选C。 2 / 2 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 编者按：2025年新高考地区二模分类整理，深度解析，排版整齐。 （一） （2025·浙江绍兴·二模） To find food in the darkness, deep-diving toothed whales rely on their built-in sonar, which bounces soundwaves off potential prey to reveal their location. But to these whales, plastic junk floating in the ocean may also “sound” just like a delicious squid. A new study suggests plastic debris (碎片) like shopping bags bear remarkably similar “echoes” to those of squid-likely due to some combination of their shape, size, degree of weathering, and chemical composition, the authors write. As it spreads in marine environments, it is also showing up in the guts of marine mammals across hundreds of reported cases, damaging their stomach tissues and causing infection, choking, and malnutrition to the point of starvation. Matthew Savoca, a marine biologist at Stanford University says, “They’re in pain, they’re starving, but they think they’re eating.” For the study, published in Marine Pollution Bulletin, Merrill and his colleagues gathered nine plastic items: bags, balloons, and other common trash found in whales from North Carolina beaches. The research team hit the items with sound waves at frequencies that toothed whales use to hunt. They repeated the process on five dead squid bodies provided by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, as well as five squid beaks taken from a dead sperm whale’s stomach. All plastic items tested, the team found, returned echoes as strong as or stronger than those from the squid. It’s unknown whether deep-diving toothed whales use any means other than echo strength to distinguish food from not-food-but experts doubt it. Mouthfeel certainly doesn’t factor in. “They don’t really chew and taste like us. it’s more like suction,” says Laura Redaelli, a Ph.D student in marine biology. All three experts agree on the need to reduce plastic production in the first place. The ideal approach, Savoca and Merrill say, involves policy changes and redirecting waste streams from the ocean, especially targeting unnecessary single-use items. “Maybe we can hope that, at some point, whales will learn the difference between plastic and prey”, Redaelli says. But until then, “the more plastic we keep putting in, the more animals are going to die.” 1．How do deep-diving toothed whales find food? A．By producing soundwaves to attract prey. B．By using built-in sonar to locate prey in the dark. C．By telling food from not-food through mouthfeel. D．By identifying echoes weaker than those from squids. 2．What is the impact of plastic debris on toothed whales? A．It may damage their built-in sonar. B．It may reduce their adaptive ability. C．It may result in their starving to death. D．It may lead to various infectious diseases. 3．What should be done for marine mammals according to the experts? A．Forbid the production of single-use items. B．Encourage the use of eco-friendly plastics. C．Establish the policy against whale hunting. D．Prevent waste from flowing into the ocean. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．Toothed Whales Are Eating More Plastic Bags B．Marine Life Is Facing An Alarming Death Rate C．Polluted Marine Environment Needs More Care D．Plastic Sounds Like Dinner for Toothed Whales （二） （2025·湖南岳阳·二模） In Kibaha, Tanzania, near the capital Dares Salaam, architects are set to build a new village with “earth printing”. Funded by charity One Heart, Hope Village has been designed by architecture firms Hassell and ClarkeHopkinsClarke to help and house children from across the country who have experienced hardship or unsafe home environments. The village will offer schooling for up to 480 children, as well as accommodation, childcare and skills training for 3-to 18-year-old girls. The landmark building for Hope Village is its community center, a 3D-printed design that will serve as a school hall and cafeteria during the week and open to the wider community for events at weekends. “We wanted to make sure that we’re able to create walls that could circulate air in the building, but at the same time also bring in light,” said Xavier De Kestelier, Hassell’s head of design and innovation, “and turning to 3D printing allowed for an open, ‘porous’ (多孔的) wall design.” The earth suitable for printing typically contains 15% to 30% clay, giving it natural bonding characteristics. The walls will not be load-bearing, as a metal structure will support the roof that covers the walls and protects them from the elements. The roof will be made from short lengths of locally sourced wood, connected in an interlocking design on the ground before being raised up and covering the frame like a fabric tent and finished with sheet metal, explained De Kestelier. “The plan is not just to use technology but to bring technology to the site in Tanzania and leave it there,” said De Kestelier. As part of the project’s commitment to community outreach and skills training, the constructors will teach locals how to use the printer so the community can construct further buildings in the future. 1．What is Hope Village in Kibaha aimed at? A．Engaging in charity activities. B．Restoring unsafe environments. C．Experimenting with earth printing. D．Providing shelter for disadvantaged children. 2．What do we know about the community center? A．Its walls bear heavy weight. B．It offers children schooling. C．It’s a 3D-printed building. D．It opens to all during weekdays. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．Environmental benefits of clay. B．Materials and design of the building C．3D printing for wall construction. D．Techniques in modern architecture. 4．What is the principle of the project? A．Teach a man to fish. B．Innovation is the key to growth. C．A good beginning is half done. D．Share knowledge, share success. （三） （2025·浙江嘉兴·二模） Beneath the surface of the earth lies a lively, invisible ecosystem full of life, often referred to as the “living skin” of the earth. It is a hidden world where countless organisms (生物体) interact in complex ways, driving essential processes that enable life to survive. They are the unsung heroes of nutrient cycling, soil stability, and even climate balance. Organisms in the soil are both copious and diverse. They range in size from the one-celled bacteria, to the more complex tiny bugs, and to the larger organisms such as insects and plants. Soil microbes (微生物) are too small to be seen with the unaided eye. Bacteria are the most plentiful microbes in soil, with a population of 1010-1011 individuals and 6,000-50,000 species per gram of soil and a biomass of 40-500 grams per square metre. If we are to understand the functions of soil microbes and the impact of management practices on soil quality, we need to analyze microbial community composition beyond just counting individuals. Traditional methods of studying microbes often rely on culturing techniques, which have significant limitations as they can only detect a small part of the microbial community. Advanced genetic (基因的) techniques, such as DNA sequencing and PCR, however, enable the detection and categorization of previously unculturable microbes. These methods enhance our ability to identify shifts in microbial communities, providing critical insights into soil health and functional dynamics. Soil microbes play both beneficial and harmful roles as contributors to soil environmental problems such as climate change and groundwater pollution. The physical chemical, and biological soil characteristics and their interactions with the resident community of soil microbes have a significant impact on the growth and activity of these microbes. As our understanding of these complex relationships develops, we should be able to develop soil management practices that are sustainable and can lead to preservation and improvement of soil quality. 1．What does the “living skin” of the earth mainly do? A．Sustain life on the earth. B．Control microbial population. C．Protect the surface of the earth. D．Monitor changes in the ecosystem. 2．What does the underlined word “copious” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Small. B．Active. C．Invisible. D．Plentiful. 3．Why are modern genetic techniques used in studying microbes? A．To identify diverse microbes. B．To simplify microbial counting. C．To help culture more microbes. D．To minimize microbial impact on soil. 4．What can help us to improve soil management practices? A．Removing harmful microbes. B．Distinguishing soil characteristics. C．Understanding soil-microbe interactions. D．Strengthening relationships among microbes. （四） （2025·河北石家庄·二模） King Shahryar, betrayed (背叛) by his wife, decides to marry a new woman each night and have her killed by morning to ensure he is never betrayed again. Scheherazade volunteers to marry the king. Each evening, she begins an engaging story but stops at dawn, leaving him eager for more. Night after night, she keeps him attracted with new tales, and over 1,001 nights, the king falls in love with her and abandons his cruel ways. This ancient tale from One Thousand and One Nights highlights storytelling’s impact. Our recent research shows that strong storytelling skills can dramatically improve someone’s well-being. At its core, storytelling helps people find meaning from life’s chaos. Studies show we shape our identities by turning experiences into personal stories. Skilled storytellers excel at two key skills: they need to connect events logically and they must learn to see the world through the eyes of their characters, understanding the “why” of what drives people. Applying these two skills to their own lives, skillful storytellers use the first to identify and pursue what gives their life meaning, while the second develops a mindset that prioritizes the “why” behind their actions over just the “how”. To illustrate this point, we conducted studies with 800 participants. We measured storytelling ability through self-reports, friend evaluations and expert reviews on lab experiments where each participant told one story about himself and the other with three given random words. In addition to these assessments of storytelling skills, we asked participants questions to get a sense of how meaningful they found life and whether they approached decisions with a “why” mindset rather than a “how” mindset. Results consistently linked storytelling skills to stronger life meaning and goal clarity. Personality also mattered: people open to new experiences collected more interesting life stories, while shy people used storytelling to balance out their limited social interaction. A strong “why” mindset connects with reduced stress and extended life. Storytelling also builds social connections. By helping people express their purpose and build relationships, stories may indirectly strengthen both mental and physical health. Storytelling workshops, now popular globally, may do more than teach communication they could help participants redefine their life’s direction. 1．Why does the author mention Scheherazade’s stories in the first paragraph? A．To show Scheherazade’s cleverness. B．To entertain readers with a classic tale. C．To introduce the topic of storytelling. D．To compare ancient and modern stories. 2．What does the “why” mindset primarily focus on? A．Completing daily tasks efficiently. B．Avoiding stressful situations. C．Memorizing random life events. D．Understanding life’s purpose. 3．What were participants asked to do in the lab experiment? A．Share personal interests in a group. B．Tell a story with words provided. C．Reflect on the “why” behind their actions. D．Connect events into a meaningful story. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Scheherazade’s Survival in an Ancient Tale B．How People’s Storytelling Abilities Develop C．Living a Meaningful Life through Storytelling D．Why Shy People Attend Storytelling Workshops （五） （2025·浙江金华·二模） A wheeled robot rolls across the floor. A soft-bodied robotic star bends its five legs, moving awkwardly. Powered by conventional electricity via plug or battery, these simple robotic creations would be unremarkable, but what sets these two robots apart is that they are controlled by a living entity (实体) : a king oyster mushroom. By growing the mushroom’s mycelium (菌丝体) into the robot’s hardware, a team led by Cornell University researchers has engineered two types of robots that sense and respond to the environment by using electrical signals made by the mushroom and its sensitivity to light. The robots are the latest accomplishment of scientists in a field known as biohybrid robotics who seek to combine biological, living materials such as plant and animal cells or insects with artificial components to make partly living and partly engineered entities. There’s still a long way to go before biohybrid robots go beyond the lab, but researchers hope one day robot jellyfish may explore oceans, sperm-powered robots may be able to deliver fertility (肥沃) treatments and cyborg cockroaches could search for survivors in the wake of an earthquake. “Biohybridization is an attempt to find components in the biological world that we can use, understand, and control to help our artificial systems work better,” said Shepherd, a professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at Cornell University. The team began by growing king oyster mushrooms in the lab from a simple kit ordered online. The researchers chose this species of mushroom because it grows easily and quickly. They cultivated (培育) the mushroom’s mycelium, which can form networks that, according to the study, can sense, communicate and transport nutrients. The team found it challenging to engineer a system that could detect and use the small electrical signals from the mycelia to command the robot. “You have to make sure that your electrode (电极) touches in the right position because the mycelia are very thin,” said lead author Anand Mishra. “Then you culture them, and when the mycelia start growing, they wrap around the electrode.” 1．What is special about the two robots in the first paragraph? A．They can control living creatures. B．They can make various movements. C．They are powered by king oyster mushrooms. D．They are partly mushroom and partly machine. 2．What does the author want to show by giving the examples in paragraph 4? A．The future possibilities of biohybrid robots. B．The seriousness of the environmental issues. C．The limitations of biohybrid robots beyond the lab. D．The advantages of biohybrid robots over conventional ones. 3．What did the team find difficult when engineering the robots? A．Wrapping the electrode with the mycelia. B．Arranging the electrode in the right order. C．Developing a system to cultivate the mycelia. D．Positioning the electrode accurately on the mycelia. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．When Nature Meets Technology B．How Technology Transforms Nature C．King Oyster Mushrooms: the Magic of Nature D．Biohybrid Robotics: the Key to Social Development （六） （2025·浙江·二模） The Last Tear of The Atlantic Nestled deep within the majestic Tian Shan mountain range in Xinjiang, China, Lake Sayram stands as a magnificent alpine lake, often romanticized as the “last tear of the Atlantic”. This breathtaking natural wonder, spanning approximately 453 square kilometers and situated at an elevation of 2,073 meters above sea level, holds the distinction of being the highest and largest lake of its type in the region. What truly sets Lake Sayram apart is its unique geographical and ecological significance. The lake is primarily fed by the melting snow and ice from the surrounding peaks, complemented by precipitation that originates from the Atlantic Ocean, thousands of kilometers away. This distinctive combination of water sources results in the lake’s remarkable clarity, with visibility reaching up to 10-12 meters, a feature that places it among the clearest lakes in China. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, Lake Sayram serves as a vital ecological hub. It hosts a rich diversity of plant and animal species, many of which are rare and indigenous to the area. The lake’s transparent waters provide a habitat for various unique fish species, while the surrounding wetlands offer shelter to a multitude of bird species. The ecosystem of Lake Sayram plays a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of the region. The formation of Lake Sayram dates back to the Himalayan orogeny period (喜马拉雅造山运动时期) approximately 70 million years ago. During this geological epoch, crustal movements led to the fracturing and subsidence of rock layers, creating a basin where water gradually accumulated and eventually formed the lake. Throughout history, Lake Sayram has served as a significant stop along the Northern Route of the Silk Road.Ancient traders and travelers would pass by the lake, taking in its breathtaking beauty and seeking refreshment during their arduous journeys. In recognition of its ecological importance and natural beauty, Lake Sayram has been designated as a national park and a protected area. The local government has implemented stringent conservation measures to preserve the lake’s pristine environment. Visitors to the lake can engage in a variety of activities such as hiking, bird watching,and boating, all while immersed in the lake’s natural splendor. The lake’s beauty evolves with the changing seasons, offering visitors a unique experience throughout the year.In spring, the surrounding hills are adorned with colorful wildflowers; in summer, the lake provides a cool retreat from the heat; in autumn,the leaves turn golden, creating a picturesque landscape; and in winter, the lake transforms into a serene, snow-covered wonderland. 1．Which factor is NOT directly linked to Lake Sayram’s exceptional water clarity? A．The absence of industrial pollution in the basin. B．The inflow of precipitation from the Atlantic Ocean. C．The geological stability of the Himalayan orogeny. D．The dominance of snowmelt over other water sources. 2．What is implied by the phrase“last tear of the Atlantic”in the context of Lake Sayram’s ecology? A．The lake’s water cycle reflects a fragile connection to distant oceanic systems. B．The Atlantic’s diminishing influence on global climate is symbolized by the lake. C．The lake’s formation marked the final stage of the Atlantic’s geological activity. D．The name highlights the lake’s role as a remnant of ancient oceanic biodiversity. 3．How does the passage characterize the relationship between Lake Sayram’s biodiversity and its historical role on the Silk Road? A．The lake’s species diversity directly facilitated trade by providing resources to travelers. B．Its ecological richness and historical significance are presented as coexisting but distinct legacies. C．Conservation efforts prioritize ecological value over cultural heritage preservation. D．Ancient traders exploited the lake’s resources, leading to its current protected status. 4．The author’s description of Lake Sayram’s seasonal transformations primarily serves to . A．critique the impact of tourism on fragile ecosystems B．illustrate the lake’s adaptability to climatic extremes C．emphasize its enduring appeal as a multifaceted natural wonder D．advocate for stricter regulations on recreational activities （七） （2025·吉林·二模） Diverging Philosophies in Modern Artificial Intelligence: A Comparative Study The landscape of artificial intelligence has become increasingly stratified (分层的) as major players unveil novel paradigms to navigate the complex interplay between functionality, accessibility, and privacy. Among them, OpenAI’s ChatGPT, Google’s Gemini, DeepSeek, and Apple Intelligent epitomize diverging philosophical underpinnings in AI’s progression. ChatGPT, introduced in 2022, epitomizes the apex of natural language generation. Underpinned by extensive transformer-based architectures, it excels in coherent discourse, dynamic context-switching, and creative generation. Its accessibility through API democratizes AI deployment; however, critics underscore its proclivity (倾向) for generating plausible yet factually erroneous content—a persistent vulnerability in stochastic models. Google’s Gemini, launched in late 2023, diverges through an aggressive push toward multimodal synthesis. Beyond mere textual prowess, Gemini interprets and generates across visual, auditory, and textual spectra. Nevertheless, its proprietary infrastructure and enigmatic training corpus have engendered skepticism regarding its ethical transparency and bias mitigation efforts. By contrast, DeepSeek, a nimble contender emerging from China, champions open-source democratization. Its architectural economy facilitates deployment on modest hardware, thereby lowering the barrier to entry for researchers and developers. Still, doubts persist over its resilience in adversarial settings and its capacity for genuine innovation beyond mimetic replication of existing paradigms. Apple Intelligent, diverging further still, prioritizes localized processing to ensure maximal data sovereignty. Embedded within native hardware via specialized neural engines, it aspires to fuse ambient computing with rigorous privacy standards. This strategic insularity, while bolstering user trust, simultaneously circumscribes its adaptability, especially when juxtaposed against cloud-augmented competitors. Collectively, these platforms underscore AI’s increasingly pluralistic evolution, wherein trade-offs between openness, computational sophistication, and ethical stewardship are not merely technical choices but ideological battlegrounds. As AI systems embed themselves deeper into quotidian existence, discerning users must grapple with questions not only of performance, but of trust, transparency, and long-term societal ramifications 1．Based on the passage, which platform most intentionally sacrifices adaptability for the sake of privacy? A．ChatGPT B．Gemini C．DeepSeek D．Apple Intelligent 2．What can be inferred about the author’s perspective on DeepSeek’s contributions to AI innovation? A．The author views DeepSeek as a major innovator B．The author questions whether DeepSeek truly innovates C．The author believes DeepSeek surpasses Gemini in capabilities D．The author views DeepSeek as irrelevant to the AI landscape 3．What is one of the main criticisms faced by ChatGPT according to the text? A．High cost of hardware deployment B．Overreliance on proprietary datasets C．Tendency to produce plausible but inaccurate responses D．Limited multimodal capabilities 4．According to the passage, which platform explicitly integrates multimodal abilities? A．ChatGPT B．Gemini C．DeepSeek D．Apple Intelligent （八） （2025·浙江·二模） Chinese scientists have made a significant breakthrough in producing hydrogen from water using light. They added scandium (钪) to titanium dioxide (二氧化钛, TiO₂) to create a new TiO₂ structure. This innovation increases hydrogen production efficiency 15 times under sunlight compared to previous TiO₂ materials. The new performance of photocatalys, which is a chemical reaction that is accelerated by the absorption of light by a catalyst (催化剂) is due to 5% scandium doping. This creates TiO₂ particles with two crystal facets (面): {101} and {110}. The {101} facet collects electrons, while the {110} facet receives holes. This arrangement produces a strong electric field within the TiO₂ particles, enhancing charge transport efficiency. As a result, the photoinduced (光诱导的) charge separation efficiency has improved over 200 times, and the quantum efficiency for ultraviolet light at 360 nm has exceeded 30%. Compared to traditional solar hydrogen production methods like photovoltaic-powered electrolysis, this new approach is simpler and more cost-effective. Traditional methods require complex and expensive equipment, while TiO₂-based photocatalysts offer a more straightforward alternative. However, TiO₂ has a problem: photoexcited electrons and holes reunite quickly, reducing efficiency. The scandium-doped TiO₂ solves this problem in two ways: 1. Eliminating Charge Traps: Sc³⁺ ions fit well into the TiO₂ structure without causing distortion. Their stable +3 charge neutralizes the imbalance caused by oxygen vacancies, reducing electron-hole recombination. 2. Reconstructing the Crystal Surface: Scandium atoms rearrange the crystal surface to form specific facets, giving electrons and holes more time and space to participate in reactions. If made into a 100 m² photocatalytic panel, this material could generate enough hydrogen in one day to power a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle to travel about 68 kilometers. China has the world’s largest TiO₂ production capacity and significant scandium reserves, so this discovery could facilitate the large-scale industrial application of photocatalytic water splitting technology. It offers a promising way for more efficient and economical hydrogen production, which is crucial for transitioning to sustainable and carbon-neutral energy systems. This advancement highlights the potential of rare-earth elements in improving photocatalytic materials. As the world seeks ways to reduce carbon emissions and combat climate change, this scandium-doped TiO₂ photocatalyst provides hope. It could accelerate the adoption of hydrogen as a clean energy carrier and support the development of hydrogen-powered technologies across various industries. In summary, this new scandium-doped TiO₂ photocatalyst is a major step forward in renewable energy. Its impressive performance and potential for widespread application bring us closer to a future where clean, sustainable hydrogen energy is both abundant and economically feasible. This breakthrough is expected to inspire further research and innovation in the design of advanced photocatalytic materials, driving the world closer to a carbon-neutral and sustainable energy future. 1．What fundamental innovation enables the dramatic improvement in hydrogen production efficiency? A．Substituting rare-earth elements for traditional catalysts. B．Optimizing catalyst structure through elemental integration. C．Developing ultra-thin semiconductor membrane layers. D．Implementing multi-stage photovoltaic conversion systems. 2．Which dual mechanism addresses the rapid recombination of electrons and holes? A．Neutralizing ionic imbalances and restructuring reactive pathways. B．Enhancing photon absorption and extending wavelength ranges. C．Introducing magnetic fields and cooling thermal byproducts. D．Isolating oxygen molecules and pressurizing reaction chambers. 3．Considering China’s industrial context, which factor would most critically determine the scalability of this technology? A．Global market demand for hydrogen vehicles. B．Availability of specialized manufacturing equipment. C．Domestic mineral resource distribution patterns. D．International carbon emission regulations. 4．A renewable energy startup plans to pilot this technology. Which implementation challenge aligns with the statement “photoexcited electrons and holes reunite quickly”  (para. 3)? A．Maintaining stable light intensity across large surface areas. B．Preventing premature energy loss during charge migration. C．Scaling up ultraviolet light filtration systems. D．Balancing production costs with catalyst durability. （九） （2025·甘肃金昌·二模） Growing evidence shows that dancing can boost brain health and help manage neurocognitive (神经认知的) disorders. So what is it about dance that’s different from other regular exercises? Helena Blumen, a cognitive scientist at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, says the complex mental multitasking that dancing requires engages various parts of the brain at the same time. Basically, dancing requires more brainpower than simpler repetitive exercises. While scientists are still learning how the mechanisms of dancing work in the brain, a clearer picture is beginning to emerge. Researchers at Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany, did MRI scans of older adults who had participated in one of two programs over a six-month period. One group practiced dance and the other did a traditional exercise program with cycling and strength training. While both groups improved their level of physical fitness, the dancers grew more white and gray matter in the parts of their brains responsible for cognitive processes. Both white and gray matter typically decline as we get older, making communication in the brain slow. Imagine your brain is a city with loads of roads. The researchers assume, the changes brought by dancing contribute to brain plasticity, which is like the city’s ability to build new roads, repair old ones or even change the direction of traffic based on how often the routes are used and what the city needs. In addition to the physical and neurological (神经学的) benefits, dance can also help people accept what their bodies can and can’t do. Dawnia Baynes, 44, developed multiple sclerosis (MS) after her body lost all feeling from the chest down. She recently joined an online dance program for people with MS. Not only has it improved her range of motion, it has also helped her overcome her fear of being judged for how she moves. “To see other people moving is like I’m moving,” she says, “and knowing that I don’t have to be professional and super technical in my dancing makes me comfortable with where I am right now.” 1．What does dancing involve according to the passage? A．Mental multitasking. B．Picturing abstract images. C．Simple repetitive exercises. D．A high level of physical fitness. 2．What does the underlined word “plasticity” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Growth. B．Volume. C．Flexibility. D．Damage. 3．How has Baynes benefited from dancing? A．She has become a professional dancer. B．She has set up an online dance program. C．She has broadened her range of influence. D．She has developed greater self-acceptance. 4．What is a suitable title for the passage? A．Dance for Better Health B．Choose Proper Exercise C．Take Yourself as You Are D．Manage Neurocognitive Disorders （十） （2025·山东济南·二模） Nestled along the shores of Lake Mergozzo in northern Italy stands a 1960s architectural relic reborn as a sanctuary of retro charm. The house, constructed in 1963 during Italy’s postwar design renaissance, had languished for years until Hilary Belle Walker — a San Francisco-born vintage fashion entrepreneur — stumbled upon its listing on a Milan real-estate portal in 2018. Though Hilary resided in Milan, her fascination with the lake region’s unspoiled beauty compelled her to purchase the property sight unseen, relying solely on photographs and trusted associates’ assessments. Restoration posed unique challenges. While preserving original elements like pistachio-green terrazzo (水磨石) floors and mid-century wood paneling (镶板), Hilary strategically sourced period-accurate décor. She combed European flea markets for discontinued Swedish floral wallpaper from 1965 and salvaged unused avocado-toned bathroom fixtures from a shuttered Turin warehouse. The living area juxtaposes two rare Missoni wool rugs — one unearthed at a French estate sale, the other from a Bergamo antique dealer — their geometric patterns echoing the home’s recurring plum-and-moss-green palette. A daring maroon ceiling installation modernizes the retro aesthetic without overshadowing vintage foundations. The lakeside setting dictated design choices. A sliding glass wall — an engineering feat for its time — opens to a balcony retaining original hexagonal cement tiles, framing panoramic lake vistas. Outdoors, a two-tonne sandstone table hauled from a disused Alpine quarry now anchors alfresco (户外的) gatherings under a century-old oak. Hidden across the adjacent gravel road lies Hilary’s coup de grâce: a secluded pebble beach accessible via a camouflaged path, where dawn swims occur in near-total solitude. Lifestyle contrasts with urban modernity define the home’s ethos. While Hilary’s Milan apartment buzzes with digital conveniences, here a 1963 Garrard turntable spins jazz vinyls, and a boxy Philips DVD player replaces streaming services. Provisions come exclusively from Mergozzo’s family-run bottega (作坊), adhering to Hilary’s philosophy of “slow consumption”. This intentional disconnect extends to the region’s cultural hybridity: Swiss-Germanic influences permeate local dialects and customs, a legacy of cross-border traditions. Critics might question the practicality of such meticulous restoration, particularly the decision to retain original single-pane windows despite their thermal inefficiency. For Hilary, however, authenticity trumps modernity. “The flaws are heirlooms,” she insists, noting how winter frost patterns on the glass recapture her childhood memories of Lake Tahoe. Even the master bedroom’s creaky parquet flooring — a tripping hazard by contemporary standards — remains untouched, its imperfections deemed narrative artifacts. 1．What was Hilary’s key principle in selecting materials during restoration? A．Prioritizing modern convenience. B．Balancing aesthetics with functionality. C．Sourcing materials matching the historical context. D．Strictly using original 1960s components. 2．What can be inferred about Hilary’s attitude toward modern technology in the lake house? A．She deliberately avoids it to preserve historical authenticity. B．She embraces it cautiously to balance aesthetics and function. C．She prioritizes affordability over technological advancements. D．She incorporates it minimally due to limited local resources. 3．What is the primary purpose of the paragraph 3? A．To contrast architectural styles between Milan and Lake Mergozzo. B．To explain how natural surroundings guided design decisions. C．To criticize the impracticality of preserving outdated materials. D．To emphasize the financial challenges of the restoration process. 4．Which statement best captures the central theme of the passage? A．Architectural preservation requires sacrificing modern comforts. B．Postwar Italian architecture holds unmatched historical significance. C．Cultural identity can be woven into design through intentional curation. D．Lakeside properties demand constant modernization for functionality. （十一） （2025·湖北·二模） A futuristic world has always been charming to humans. Movies and sci-fi novels have made us fantasize about a society flooded with humanoid robots that helps free us from mind-numbing tasks while we focus on things that require our attention or simply relax. Brain-computer interface (BCI) (脑机接口) is one such technology. Pioneered by Elon Musk’s Neuralink, these brain implants could enable mind-controlled computing—potentially going far beyond just reading thoughts. This can solve many medical conditions, including paralysis, anxiety, and addiction. BCI chips acquire brain signals, analyze them, and translate them into commands sent to output devices that carry out desired actions. It does not use normal neuromuscular (神经肌肉的) output pathways. It is often used as assisted living devices for individuals with neuromuscular disorders such as stroke, or spinal cord injury. Basically, BCI results from the blend of technologies from the fields of electrical engineering, computer science, biomedical engineering, and neurosurgery. These BCI devices are of two types, namely, Non-invasive (非侵入性的) BCI and Invasive BCI. Non-invasive BCI tools use sensors applied on or near the head to track and record brain activity. These ones can be placed and removed easily, but their signals may be indistinct and imprecise. However, Invasive BCI requires surgery as they are to be implanted beneath the skull, directly into the brain, to target specific sets of neurons, thus providing a much clearer and more accurate signal between the brain and the device. Using BCIs can potentially enhance its personnel’s physical and cognitive power. While BCIs try to imitate the way our brains function, understanding the mechanics can be quite challenging for researchers. Further, there have been concerns on ethical grounds on this research. This includes privacy and security issues. Ethicists fear that captured neural signals can be used to gain access to a user’s private information. On the other hand, because BCI chips and devices capture signals directly from a subject’s nervous system, this transmitted data can be extracted for evil purposes, or even the whole BCI system can be broken into by cybercriminals. Hope these issues are addressed before the commercial launch of BCIs in the future. 1．According to the text, who may benefit most from BCI? A．A woman losing her ability to speak. B．An engineer thirsty for high productivity. C．A patient incapable of moving after injuries. D．An athlete aiming for improved performance. 2．What can we learn about BCI from the third paragraph? A．Non-invasive BCI provides clearer signals. B．Invasive BCI enables precise neural recordings. C．Invasive BCI can be easily removed like a headset. D．Non-invasive BCI requires permanent skull implants. 3．What’s the potential risk BCI may bring in the text? A．Theft of brain data. B．Short service life of implanted devices. C．High cost of BCI devices. D．Difficulty in understanding brain signals. 4．The author’s attitude towards BCI is ________. A．Strongly negative. B．Fully supportive. C．Cautiously optimistic. D．Completely indifferent. 2 / 2 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$