专题03阅读理解说明文（广东专用）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末真题分类汇编

专题02 阅读理解说明文（广东专用） C 话题一：人与自然 1.（23-24高二下·广东省深圳市龙岗区·期末） Have you ever seen the Moon rising over your town or city? It can appear very large when it is low on the horizon. Our moon goes through phases(月相) and it looks a little different every day. When the whole moon is lit up, it is called a full moon. When the Moon is entirely dark, it’s a new moon. When there is only a thin edge of the circle shining, it’s a crescent moon. When a crescent moon is rising, we can occasionally see a unique event. When the Sun, the Earth, and the Moon are lined up just right, some of the sunlight that hits the Earth can be reflected onto the Moon. This causes most part of the Moon to give off a faint glow, while the rest of the Moon is brightly lit by the sunlight. This phenomenon is named the Da Vinci glow. It was Leonardo da Vinci, a great artist, inventor and scientist, who explained it for the first time. Sometimes, it is also called “earthshine.” When Da Vinci wrote about earthshine, he suggested that it might be caused by sunlight reflected from the Earth’s oceans. He was almost completely correct, except for one detail: most of the reflected sunlight comes from the clouds in our atmosphere. The reflected light from the Earth is bright enough to light up the side of the Moon that isn’t receiving direct sunlight. The Da Vinci glow is not easy to see. Conditions need to be just right. Due to the angles of light, the Moon has to be very low on the horizon. The best time to see it will be in the days before and after the new moon. During these days, the lit-up edge of the crescent moon is at its thinnest stage. If you observe the Moon before sunrise or after sunset, it may be possible to witness the reflected light from the Earth. For the best experience, choose a location outdoors where there is not too much artificial light. You can use a telescope, but it’s not necessary since the Moon will look just as impressive when viewed with the bare eye. 28.Which of the following is the Da Vinci glow? A． B． C． D． 29.What is the main cause of the Da Vinci glow? A．Sunlight received by the Moon’s surface. B．Sunlight reflected from the Earth’s clouds. C．Sunlight reflected from the Earth’s oceans. D．Sunlight received by the Moon’s lit-up edge. 30.Why is the Da Vinci glow an unusual phenomenon? A．It requires specific light conditions. B．It lasts too short to be observed. C．It occurs at the crescent moon stage. D．It needs bright light from the Sun. 31.Which of the following matters most to an ideal observation of the phenomenon? A．A suitable place. B．Good eyesight. C．A special instrument. D．Bright moonlight. 2.（23-24高二下·广东省广州市荔湾区·期末） Scientists already knew African gray parrots are particularly clever, with large brains and exceptional problem-solving skills. But they wondered if these birds, separated from great apes by some 300 million years of evolution, also possess advanced social abilities, like helping one another. Corvids, another group of so-called “intelligent” birds that includes crows, have so far failed to demonstrate this ability, according to Desiree Brucks, a Swiss biologist. “Parrots had not been tested yet,” says Brucks. “So it remained an open question whether or not the ability to help each other actively may have evolved (进化) within birds.” Brucks and his colleague placed many paired combinations of eight African grays into glass enclosures (围栏), with a hole cut in a dividing wall that allowed the two birds to interact. The scientists then trained the parrots to trade coins to a person through another hole in exchange for nuts. When one parrot had all the coins, it would assist its coinless partner by gifting some of them through the dividing wall. The parrots tended to give more coins to friends and family, but would also help parrots they had never met. Importantly, the parrots didn’t help when their partner was blocked from accessing the experimenter, suggesting they could recognize when their assistance was needed, or even useful. This behavior, detailed in their study, published this week in the journal Current Biology, is possibly a consequence of evolving in giant, moving groups where an altruistic reputation is important. Katherine Cronin, a zoologist in Chicago, approves the study for ruling out simple playfulness as an explanation for passing the coins. “We can be pretty confident that the African gray parrots are considering the benefits available to their partners,” Cronin says. She points out the research adds to growing evidence of selflessness across the animal kingdom—and reminds us it is not unique to humans. 28.What is the study mainly about? A．The living habits of African gray parrots. B．The social abilities of African gray parrots. C．The problem-solving skills of African gray parrots. D．The comparison between African gray parrots and crows. 29.How did the researchers test the parrots’ ability to help each other? A．By setting up the parrots enclosures. B．By observing parrots work in groups. C．By creating a situation for parrots to share coins. D．By assessing the parrots’ intelligence separately. 30.What does the underlined word “altruistic” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Selfless. B．Impressive. C．Fearless. D．Professional. 31.Where is this article most likely taken from? A．A nature guidebook. B．A pet care magazine. C．A scientific journal. D．A bird-watching newsletter. 3（23-24高二下·广东省湛江市·期末） Capentes is a waste picker. She collects bags of separated garbage, placing food waste in one container. This material will be turned into compost (堆肥) at the local recycling facility. The rest of the waste goes into separate containers. The recyclable materials are later sold. The Mother Earth Foundation in the Philippines is a member of the Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives, called GAIA．The organization wants to prevent food waste from going to landfills (垃圾填埋场). Food waste gives off methane (甲烷) gas as it breaks down. Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas. Methane traps more heat than carbon dioxide. But it does not stay in the atmosphere nearly as long—around 12 years compared with hundreds of years. GAIA says preventing organic waste from going to landfills or being burned is a proven and cost-effective climate solution. The environmental organization supports its members, including waste pickers, around the world. GAIA is working with governments to set up systems to separate and collect organic waste and establish facilities to compost it. At a materials recycling facility in Malabon, organic waste collected from households is turned into compost. This material then goes into a community garden to grow vegetables. Some of the food waste is broken down into biogas. This biogas is then used to cook vegetables for waste workers to eat. It is a complete cycle, said Froilan Grate, chief of GAIA Asia Pacific, based in Manila. Grate said there are challenges in establishing these systems in new places. It costs money to set up a facility for composting. People, including local officials, have to be educated on the importance of separating waste. Containers have to be provided to households that cannot buy more than one. And sometimes separating organic waste is not thought to be important. Also, unlike recyclables and metals, there is not a large market for organic materials. Therefore, waste workers must be paid for the system to work. But Grate believes these problems can be solved. More people are making the connection between reducing methane and fighting climate change. The world needs better systems for dealing with waste because the current methods are adding to warming. The treatment of organic matter is an important way to reduce methane gas. 28.What is GAIA currently committed to? A．Getting rid of food waste by burying it. B．Reducing the impact of organic waste on the climate. C．Economizing on food. D．Reducing the harm of carbon dioxide. 29.What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．The method to collect waste. B．The process to treat organic waste. C．How to use a recycling facility. D．The wide use of organic waste. 30.Which statement supports the challenge Grate mentioned? A．Collecting organic waste does not require significant investment. B．Every household needs to constantly replace the latest trash cans. C．Organic waste holds a large share in the garbage market. D．Families need to develop the habit of garbage sorting. 31.What can be the best title for the text? A．Methane: an Important Greenhouse Gas B．The New Systems to Reduce Greenhouse Gas C．The New Uses of Organic Waste D．Waste Pickers Help Fight Climate Change 4.（23-24高二下·广东省肇庆市·期末） Over the past few centuries, we have dug, burned, drilled, pumped, lit, launched, driven, and flown our way to adding 2.4 trillion metric tons of carbon dioxide to Earth’s atmosphere. That’s as much CO₂ as would be given off annually by 522 billion cars, or 65 cars per person living today. On a lonely, lunar-like valley of Iceland, Edda Aradottir is on a mission to put CO₂ back where it came from. She’s returning a tiny bit of it today but much, much more of it in the years ahead. In sending CO₂ deep beneath the surface of the planet, she’s aiming to reverse one of the most challenging acts of human history: the dugging of massive amounts of carbon under the ground as fossil fuels. Aradottir shows how CO₂ caught from the air is mixed with water, then fed through a complicated and detailed system of pipes that course downward 2,500 feet or so. There, the dissolved (溶解的) carbon dioxide meets porous basalt, a type of dark rock that comes from volcanoes, creating cream-colored spots in the rock below. Scientists like Aradottir are working on ambitious — and sometimes controversial (有争议的) — projects to remove carbon dioxide from the air and lock it away. In Arizona, an engineering professor shows his “mechanical tree”, a single one of which he says may someday be able to do the work of a thousand regular trees in catching and storing CO₂. In Australia, a leading oceanographer shows that seaweed is the answer, if only we’d help it grow in giant underwater gardens that could store billions of tons of carbon dioxide. Atop a university building in Zürich, an Uruguayan inventor presents a small bottle of fuel made from nothing but sunlight and air. That may be the most amazing of all the forms of carbon removal we’ve come across, as it suggests we may one day be able to make the best of carbon in a continuous cycle of zero-emission energy. Maybe. One day. 28.What purpose do the figures in paragraph 1 serve? A．To show the necessity of removing carbon dioxide. B．To inspire readers’ interest in environmental protection. C．To highlight the amount of cars existing in the world today. D．To explain a commonly accepted reason for global warming. 29.The underlined word “reverse” in paragraph 2 can be replaced by “______”. A．get B．advertise C．overturn D．discover 30.What is paragraph 3 of the text mainly about? A．Aradottir’s daily routine. B．Aradottir’s field of study. C．The cost of Aradottir’s project. D．The explanation of Aradottir’s system. 31.What does the author think of the carbon removal projects? A．Educational. B．Expensive. C．Efficient. D．Promising. 5.（23-24高二下·广东省东莞市·期末） In October 2022 a bird with the code name B6 set a new world record. Over the course of 11 days, B6, a young Bar-tailed Godwit, flew from its hatching ground in Alaska to its wintering ground in Tasmania, covering 8, 425 miles without taking a single break. During its journey, B6 did not land, did not eat, did not drink and did not stop flapping, sustaining an average ground speed of 30 miles per hour 24 hours a day as it winged its way to the other end of the world. B6’s long exciting journey is also a success of the remarkable mechanical features of some of the most easily recognized yet mysterious structures in the biological world: feathers. Feathers kept B6 warm overnight while it flew above the Pacific Ocean. Feathers formed the flight surfaces of the wings that kept B6 in the air for long. One might expect that, considering all the time humans have spent admiring, using and studying feathers, we would know all their tricks by now. Yet insights into these amazing structures continue to emerge. Over the past decade scientists and researchers have been taking a fresh look at feathers. Collectively they have made surprising new discoveries about almost every aspect of their biology. Starting in the 1990s, a series of surprising fossil finds showed that feathers were widespread among several families of meat-eating dinosaurs known as theropods and that birds had inherited these structures from their theropod ancestors. The discovery of feathered nonbird dinosaurs help researchers understand the origin and evolution (进化) of feathers. Feathers are a fantastic model system for understanding how complex structures evolve. The field of applied science has taken note of feathers’ many brilliant features, which have already led to successful technological innovations. For instance, the surface texture (质感) and boundary-layer-control principles of penguin feathers have made their way into robotics. No doubt feathers will give rise to more clever inventions in the future. We have only to let our creativity take flight. 28.Why did B6 fly to Tasmania? A．To cover 8, 425 miles. B．To have a break. C．To survive the winter. D．To practice flying. 29.What is the current situation of the research on feathers? A．New discoveries keep appearing. B．Every aspect has been covered. C．People have known all the tricks. D．Less time has been spent on study. 30.What does the underlined word “inherited” mean in paragraph 4? A．Promoted. B．Acquired. C．Recovered. D．Protected. 31.How does the author present the application of feathers in technological innovations? A．By analyzing data. B．By explaining reasons. C．By giving an example. D．By introducing a detail. 话题二：人与社会 1.（23-24高二下·广东省清远市·期末） The summer of 2023 was the hottest ever recorded on Earth. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from burning fossil fuels are the main causes behind climate change, and scientists say they must be controlled. But there’s another greenhouse gas to deal with: methane. Tackling it may be the best bet for putting the brakes on rising temperatures in the short term. That’s because it’s relatively short-lived in the atmosphere — methane lasts about 12 years, while CO2 can stick around for hundreds of years. We already have strategies for cutting methane emissions — fixing natural gas leaks (methane is the main component of natural gas), removing coal gradually (mining operations release methane), eating less meat and dairy products (cows burp lots of methane) and electrifying transportation and appliances. Implementing all existing strategies could slow global warming by 30 percent over the next decade, research has shown. But some climate scientists, including Jackson, say we need to go further. Scientists want to develop ways to remove methane directly from the air. Most ideas are still in early research stages. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine is currently studying these potential technologies, their state of readiness and possible risks, and what further research and funding are needed. Some of the approaches include re-engineering bacteria that are already good at eating methane and developing reactors in methane-rich places to chemically transform the gas. “Methane is a sprint (短跑) and CO2 is a marathon,” says Desirée Plata, a civil and environmental engineer at MIT. “While methane emissions are a significant contributor to climate change, carbon dioxide emissions remain the primary driver. Therefore, we must continue to pursue strategies to reduce CO2 emissions while also targeting methane reduction.” For scientists focused on removing greenhouse gases, it’s off to the races. 28.What is the best way to stop rising temperatures in the short term? A．Quitting burning fossil fuels. B．Dealing with methane emissions. C．Improving current research methods. D．Controlling carbon dioxide emissions. 29.What is the possible result of carrying out existing strategies? A．Reducing the rate of global warming. B．Fixing natural gas leaks. C．Trapping methane in the atmosphere. D．Increasing the use of energy. 30.What does the author imply in paragraph 3? A．The approaches are not fully developed. B．The current research progress is sufficient. C．Some approaches have been applied widely. D．Methane emissions can be removed completely. 31.What is Desirée Plata’s attitude towards the idea of removing methane? A．Indifferent. B．Negative. C．Neutral. D．Supportive. 2.（23-24高二下·广东省东莞市·期末） In 2020, OpenAI, a research lab in San Francisco, revealed a system called GPT-3. It is what artificial intelligence researchers call a neural(神经系统的) network, after the web of neurons in the human brain. A neural network is really a mathematical system that learns skills by locating patterns in vast amounts of digital data. By analyzing thousands of cat photos, for instance, it can learn to recognize a cat. “We call it ‘artificial intelligence,’ but a better name might be ‘finding statistical patterns from large data sets’,” said Dr. Gopnik, the Berkeley professor. More recently, researchers at places like Google and OpenAI began building neural networks that learned from enormous amounts of prose, including digital books and Wikipedia articles by the thousands. GPT-3 is an example. As it analyzed all that digital text, it built what you might call a mathematical map of human language — more than 175 billion data points that describe how we piece words together. Using this map, it can perform many different tasks, like penning speeches, writing computer programs and having a conversation. But there are limitations. If you ask GPT-3 for 10 speeches in the voice of Mark Twain, it might give you five that sound remarkably like the famous writer — and five others that come nowhere close. Computer programmers use the technology to create small snippets(一小段) of code they can slip into larger programs, but more often than not they have to edit and adjust whatever it gives them. Still, Dr. Gopnik described this kind of system as intelligent. “It is not intelligent in the way humans are. It is like an unfamiliar form of intelligence,” he said. “But it still counts.” Dr. Gopnik and many others in the field are confident that they are on a path to building a machine that can do anything the human brain can do. This confidence shines through when they discuss current technologies. He admits that some A．I. researchers “struggle to differentiate between reality and science fiction.” But he believes these researchers still serve a valuable role. “They help us dream of the full range of the possible,” he said. Perhaps they do. But for the rest of us, these dreams can get in the way of the issues that deserve our attention. 28.Which of the following statements correctly describes GPT-3? A．It is meant to monitor human’s neuron webs. B．It stores limitless data in its mathematical system. C．It can identify images and employ human language. D．It studies pictures and digital books to invent patterns. 29.In paragraph 3, the example of computer programmers is used to __________. A．illustrate GPT-3 is far from perfect B．warn programmers against technology C．show the process of slipping code into program D．explain why GPT-3 fails to find Mark Twain’s speeches 30.What does Dr. Gopnik think of the mathematical system of GPT-3? A．He finds it valuable because it maximizes the current technologies. B．He doubts its worth though it is remarkably similar to a human brain. C．He thinks highly of it because it plays a valuable role in A．I. research. D．He believes it will interrupt our thinking though it differs from science fiction. 31.What’s the author’s attitude towards A．I.? A．Enthusiastic. B．Opposed. C．Supportive. D．Unconcerned. 3.（23-24高二下·广东省茂名市·期末） Spending time outdoors, especially in green spaces, is one of the fastest ways to improve your health and happiness. It can lower stress, blood pressure and heart rate. Doctors are increasingly taking these findings seriously and using them to their patients. Now, a new study published in the International Journal of Environmental Health Research adds to the evidence and shows just how little time it takes to get the benefits of being outside. Spending just 20 minutes in a park — even if you don’t exercise while you’re there — is enough to improve well-being, according to the research. For the study, researchers surveyed 94 adults who visited one of three urban parks over the summer and fall. They were given fitness trackers to measure physical activity but were not told what to do in the park or how long to stay. Each person also answered questions about their life satisfaction and mood — which were used to calculate a subjective well-being score, with a maximum value of 55 — before and after their park visit. The average park visit lasted 32 minutes, and 30% of people engaged in at least moderate-intensity (中等强度) physical activity while there. Well-being scores rose during the park visit in 60% of people, with an average increase of about 1.5 points (from about 37 to 39). For many people in the study, simply being in green space seemed to be enough to make a change. The medical community is increasingly viewing green space as a place for their patients to gain physical and mental health benefits. Some physicians, like Dr. Robert Zarr, are even writing prescriptions (处方) for it. By writing nature prescriptions, physicians are encouraging their patients to get outdoors and take advantage of what many view to be free medicine. 28.What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Health. B．Happiness. C．Staying outdoors. D．Taking exercise. 29.What did the new study find? A．Being outside costs a lot. B．A 20-minute break in nature is beneficial. C．Exercise is enough to improve well-being. D．Spending time outdoors is the fastest way to improve happiness. 30.What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．The participants were recorded subjectively. B．The participants were recorded all the year round. C．The participants had to stay in the park for at least 20 minutes. D．The participants’ mood was calculated by their answering questions. 31.What does Dr. Robert Zarr think of spending time outdoors? A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Unconcerned. D．Unclear. 4.（23-24高二下·广东省佛山市·期末） Animal-like robots are popular. And yet, says Barbara Mazzolai, an Italian roboticist, the field of robotics is far less interested in exploring the other major category of living things — plants. She puts the unwillingness down to a misconception (误解) about the usefulness of plant behavior: that they are capable of neither motion nor perception (感知). “It’s not true at all,” she says. Dr. Mazzolai and her team recently created FiloBot, a robot based on climbing plants. Like the real thing. FiloBot is capable of growing, attaching to and wrapping itself around supports, and adapting itself to an environment in response to external stimuli. FiloBot imitates the behaviors of a climbing tree using sensors in its head which is also equipped with a layer of plastic and a heating element. By softening and extruding (挤压出) the plastic in a circular patter, it can 3D-print its own body at a rate of two to seven millimeters per minute. Depending on brightness and direction, it changes the heat that the plastic is exposed to — lower temperatures result in a lighter body that increases in size more quickly, while higher temperatures make it thicker and stronger and grow more slowly. The researchers found that these simple functionalities were enough to let FiloBot move through a complex and unseen environment, cross gaps and find things to attach to. The lack of heavy on-board computing hardware, they say, means that it moves easily and requires minimal monitoring, while its slow pace means that it doesn’t disturb things around it. They suppose that this makes it suitable for potential applications including environmental monitoring in hard-to-reach locations, or monitoring disaster sites where existing facilities is unstable. Dr. Mazzolai hopes that such projects will motivate other roboticists to draw inspiration from plants. The plant kingdom is a world, she says, with a completely different approach to the animal one. “And we can develop new technologies and artificial solutions, because it is so different.” 28.What leads to limited exploration of plant-like robots? A．The slow growth rate of plants. B．The lack of plant research capability. C．The misunderstanding of plant behavior. D．The difficulty of applying plant-like robots. 29.How does FiloBot grow? A．By pressing a motion sensor. B．By exposing itself to sunlight. C．By pushing out softened plastic. D．By controlling outside temperature. 30.What is the purpose of this text? A．To point out the value of robotics. B．To present a newly invented robot. C．To call for more research into robots. D．To correct a misconception about plants. 5.（23-24高二下·广东省番禺区·期末） A blue hole is a flooded sea cave with a hole that opens up at the land’s surface. These cave systems form in carbonate rock, often on islands. Far below sea level they contain some of the toughest environments on Earth, with no oxygen and no light. Yet these areas are filled with life forms that have adapted to the extreme conditions. Blue holes get their name from the color that some cave holes have when seen from the air. The color is usually a reflection of the sky on the water. But not all of these cave  systems have blue surfaces. Some contain dark or muddy water. They have several layers (层) of water, chemicals and bacteria. The top layer of freshwater comes from rainfall. This layer acts like a cap on top of the layered mixture and keeps out oxygen from the atmosphere. The fresh water floats on a denser (密度大的) layer of saltwater. Underneath this is a layer of poisonous hydrogen sulfide, produced by bacteria living in the water. Underneath this layer is an anoxic seawater—water that does not contain any oxygen. Kenny Broad is an anthropologist at the University of Miami in Florida. He has spent several years exploring underwater caves in the Bahamas. He says, “Underwater caves are probably one of the least understood ecosystems on the planet. One of the reasons is that you still physically have to go there, you can’t send in a submarine (潜水艇) or a mode operated vehicle, some autonomous machine. You need to go there.” There are many safety rules that divers must follow to help ensure their survival. First, divers must have training and experience to swim in these caves. Divers who explore a cave for the first time must establish a thin rope called a guideline. This line helps them to safely enter and exit the cave without getting lost. Divers must also bring several light sources in case one fails. They also must bring more than one set of breathing equipment in case one device fails. And, they must pay careful attention to their air supply as well. 28.What do we learn about blue holes? A．They are blue seen from the air. B．They have severe conditions. C．They contain oxygen and light. D．They do not have life forms. 29.What is “Hydrogen sulfide” in paragraph 3 in a blue hole? A．Liquid. B．Gas C．Solid D．Bacteria 30.What does Kenny Broad think of the caves? A．Poisonous. B．Autonomous. C．Mysterious. D．Unreachable. 31.What is essential to new cave divers according to the last paragraph? A．A guideline. B．Food sources. C．Water supply. D．Swimming suits. 6.（23-24高二下·广东省惠州市·期末） Rena, 18 months, is a baby worker at a Japanese nursing home, hired to brighten the days of residents whose own grandchildren may rarely visit. The infants’ (婴儿) presences meant to ease the loneliness that can come with growing older, especially in the rapidly ageing nation where a third of the population is over 65. The nursing home’s director, Kimie Gondo, came up with the idea of baby workers three years ago when her own newborn granddaughter was visiting and she saw how happy it made the residents. The nursing home now has about 70 baby workers strolling around the nursing home with their parents, mostly mothers. Rena and her colleagues are paid in diapers (纸尿裤) and ice cream. But those are not the only rewards. “Here she gets to interact with kids her age and also with grandfathers and grandmothers who are a bit more difficult to come across,” said Shinohara, Rena’s mother,who called the nursing home residents “great life teachers”. Rena and her small colleagues work flexible hours but they don't have long in the business-having to retire before the age of three. A key requirement for the toddlers is that they should speak as little as possible. That’s because older people can struggle to speak and communicate, especially if they have cognitive impairment (认知障碍),” In order to communicate on the same level,words are unnecessary,” she added. For nursing home residents, Gondo said, the visits from toddlers provide the common experience of family members from multiple generations living under the same roof. “Even if they enter a facility like this, they should be able to interact with people from various age groups on a daily basis,” she said. “I think that’s only natural.” 28.Why does Kimie Gondo carry out her idea in the nursing home? A．To provide jobs for mothers. B．To prevent the elderly from ageing. C．To amuse grandchildren during visits. D．To promote the well-being of residents. 29.What’s the extra benefit for the baby workers according to Shinohara? A．Tasty snacks. B．Parent-kid relationship. C．Daily essentials. D．Interpersonal experience. 30.Why is there a restriction on retiring age of baby workers? A．Words might lessen the effect. B．Flexible hours could be guaranteed. C．Cognitive Impairment could be avoided. D．Over-aged workers have low language levels. 31.Which can be the best title of this passage? A．Babies helping remove cognitive barriers B．Babies replacing caregivers in nursing homes C．Baby workers tackling loneliness of the elderly D．Baby workers running a Japanese nursing home 话题三：人与自我 1.（23-24高二下·广东省揭阳市·期末） Desperately ill and seeking a miracle, David Bennett Sr. took the last bet on Jan. 7. when be became the first human to be successfully transplanted with the heart of a pig. “It creates the beat; it creates the pressure; it is his heart,” declared Bartley Griffith, director of the surgical team that performed the operation at the University of Maryland Medical Center. Bennett, 57, held on through 60 tomorrows, far longer than any previous patient who’d received a heart from another species. His remarkable run offered new hope that such procedures, known as xenotransplantation (异种移植), could help relieve the shortage of replacement organs, saving thousands of lives each year. The earliest attempts at xenotransplantation of organs, involving kidneys from rabbits, goats, and other animals, occurred in the early 20th century, decades before the first successful human-to-human transplants. Rejection, which occurs when the recipient’s body system recognizes the donor organ as a foreign object and attacks it, followed within hours or days. Results improved after some special drugs arrived in the 1960s, but most recipients still died after a few weeks. The record for a heart xenotransplant was set in 1983, when an infant named Baby Fae survived for 20 days with an organ from a baboon (狒狒). In recent years, however, advances in gene editing have opened a new possibility: re-edit some genes in animals to provide user-friendly spare parts. Pigs could be ideal for this purpose, because they’re easy to raise and reach adult human size in months. Some biotech companies. including Revivicor, are investing heavily in the field. The donor pig was offered by Revivicor from a line of animals in which 10 genes had been re-edited to improve the heart’s condition. Beyond that, the pig was raised in isolation and tested regularly for viruses that could infect humans or damage the organ itself. This medical breakthrough provided an alternative for the 20% of patients on the heart transplant waiting list who die while waiting or become too sick to be a good candidate. 28.What does the underlined word “run” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Donating his heart to a patient. B．Performing the heart operation. C．Living for 60 days after the operation. D．Receiving a new heart from a pig. 29.Which aspect of xenotransplantation does paragraph 3 mainly focus on? A．Its history. B．Its procedure. C．Its consequence. D．Its significance. 30.What makes pigs ideal for providing spare parts in xenotransplantation? A．Their growth rate and health condition. B．Their life pattern and resistance to viruses. C．Their easiness of keeping and rapid growth. D．Their investment value and natural qualities. 31.Why was Bennett’s operation regarded as a breakthrough? A．It introduced new medications to prevent organ rejection. B．It proved the potential for using organs from various animals. C．It guaranteed a sufficient supply of donor pigs for transplants. D．It offered a prospect of replacement organs through gene editing. 2.（23-24高二下·广东省华附 省实 广雅 深中四校·期末） Handwriting notes in class might seem old-fashioned as digital technology affects nearly every aspect of learning. But a recent study in Frontiers in Psychology suggests that taking notes with pen and paper is still the best way to learn, especially for young children. The new research builds on a 2014 study that suggested people may type notes quickly, without thinking much about what they’re writing-but writing by hand is slower and makes them actively pay attention to and process the incoming information. This conscious action of building on existing knowledge can make it easier for students to stay engaged and grasp new concepts. To understand specific brain-activity differences during the two note-taking approaches, the authors of the new study sewed 256 electrodes (电极) into a hairnet. These sensors let the scientists record 36 students’ brain activity as they wrote or typed words displayed on a screen. When students wrote by hand, the sensors picked up widespread brain connectivity throughout visual regions that receive and process sensory information, and the motor cortex (运动皮层) that helps the brain use environmental inputs to inform a person’s next action. Typing, however, resulted in minimal activity in these brain regions. Vanderbilt University educational neuroscientist Sophia Vinci-Booher says the recent study highlights the clear tie between physical actions and concept understanding, “As you’re writing a word, you’re taking this continuous understanding of something and using motor system to create it.” That creation then affects the visual system, where it’s processed again-strengthening the connection between an action and the words associated with it. Vinci-Booher notes that the new findings don’t mean technology is always a disadvantage in the classroom. Digital devices can be more efficient for writing essays and offer more equal access to educational resources. However, there’s a growing trend of relying on digital devices to perform cognitive (认知的) tasks, such as taking photos instead of memorizing information. Yadurshana Sivashankar, an researcher at the University of Waterloo says, “If we’re not actively using these areas, then they are going to become worse over time, whether it’s memory or motor skills.” 28.Why does the author mention the 2014 study? A．To present different research findings. B．To make the new research more convincing. C．To compare two note taking approaches. D．To show the advantage of writing slowly. 29.What can be learned from the experiment in Paragraph 3? A．Sensors were used to process visual information. B．Electrodes were connected to students’ hair directly. C．Writing by hand activated more brain activity than typing. D．Typing stimulated the motor cortex to inform following action. 30.What would Sophia Vinci-Booher probably advise students to do? A．Make better use of motor system. B．Take advantage of digital devices. C．Adopt a new approach to taking notes. D．Memorize words by writing essays. 31.What is the main idea of the text? A．Technology is not a disadvantage in classroom. B．Writing by hand comes with learning benefits. C．Taking notes enhances students’ brain activity. D．Two note-taking approaches have clear differences. 3.（23-24高二下·广东省中山市·期末） When you look at the public maps of the seafloor, you can get the impression that the job of mapping the planet is over. However, far from it. Even these seemingly precise representations, often based on satellite estimates of ocean depths, are not particularly revealing. They’re rather like throwing a wet blanket over a table set for a fancy dinner party. You might see the outlines of a big table surrounded by a dozen chairs, perhaps some drinking glasses if the blanket’s really wet. But that’s about it. You wouldn’t see the plates, let alone what’s for dinner. Satellite data, in other words, only give a rough idea of what lies beneath the sea. That’s why exploration and mapping, and making the data open source, would be necessary for the betterment of all citizens, not just in economic terms but in opportunities for unexpected discoveries. In one way or another I’ve been exploring and mapping the ocean since 1967. In 2013 I mounted the latest multi-beam sonar (多波束声纳) on Nautilus, a large ship operated by the Ocean Exploration Trust, the nonprofit education and research organization I founded. The set of instruments can make highly accurate 3-D maps, detect if the seafloor is hard or soft, and can even discover oil and gas in the water column. One of our standout missions included surveys over natural gas seeps (渗漏) in the Gulf of Mexico, where Nautilus mapped the wreck (残骸) of the U-166, the only German U-boat known to be sunk during World War II. All in all, Nautilus has helped us map nearly 40,000 square miles of seafloor—a vast area the size of Kentucky, but a drop in the bucket compared with what’s left to do. Next year’s expeditions include trips south of the Equator for the first time, where the ocean covers more than 80 percent of the area and where few other explorers have ever been. 28.What can we infer from paragraph 2? A．It is not necessary to map the planet. B．There is a wet blanket on the dinner table. C．Satellite data give a general picture of the ocean. D．We know exactly what is happening under the sea. 29.What do we know about “Nautilus”? A．It has been to the Gulf of Mexico. B．It is operated by the author himself. C．It discovered a new type of marine life. D．It was originally built for military purposes. 30.What does the underlined phrase “a drop in the bucket” in paragraph 5 imply? A．Kentucky covers a big area. B．A lot of areas are still unmapped. C．Nautilus has made great contributions. D．The previous expeditions are insignificant. 31.What is probably the author? A．An official. B．A detective. C．An explorer. D．A businessman. D 话题一：人与社会 1.（23-24高二下·广东省惠州市·期末） Children exposed to videos by caregivers for their calming or “babysitting” benefits tended to use phrases and sentences with fewer words. A new study from Southern Methodist University psychologist Sarah Kucker and colleagues reveals that passive video use among children can negatively affect language development, but their caregiver’s motivations for exposing them to digital media could also lessen the impact. Published in the journal Acta Paediatrica, the study involved 302 caregivers of children between 17 and 30 months. Caregivers answered questions about their child’s words, sentences, and how much time they spend on different media activities each day. Those activities included video/TV, video games, video chat, and e-books, with caregivers explaining why they use each activity with their child. Print book reading was also compared. Researchers looked at the amount of media use and the reasons provided by caregivers for their children’s media use. These factors were then compared to the children’s vocabulary and length using two or more words together. The research reveals a negative association between high levels of digital media watching and children’s vocabulary development. However, the negative impact on language skills was lessened when videos were used for educational purposes or to foster social connections-such as through video chats with family members. Kucker acknowledges that parents often use digital media to occupy children while they complete tasks. She suggests that caregivers need to consider what kind of videos and how much their children are watching, and whether they can interact with them during this period. Future research by Kucker and her colleagues will continue to explore the types of videos young children watch, how they use screens with others, and how that impacts language development. 32.What is the potential impact of being exposed to videos by caregivers on children? A．It enhances their vocabulary development. B．It has no significant effect on their language skills. C．It leads to the use of shorter phrases and sentences. D．It encourages them to read print books more often. 33.What do paragraph 2 and 3 tell us about the study? A．Its research process. B．Its theoretical basis. C．Its underlying logic. D．Its scientific evidence. 34.Under what circumstance can the negative impact be lessened? A．When children focus on tasks. B．When children get involved in the content. C．When videos serve as entertainment. D．When videos aid learning and bond building. 35.What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To point out the significance of the study. B．To bring out the focus of follow-up studies. C．To present the practical application of the findings. D．To discuss other affecting factors of babies’ growth. 2.（23-24高二下·广东省番禺区·期末） Traditional theories have assumed that in language development, acquiring phonetic (语音的) information means learning to produce and understand these different sounds and recognizing how they form words and convey meaning. Babies were believed to learn these individual sound elements to construct words. However, recent research suggests a different approach to understanding how babies learn languages. “We believe that speech rhythm (节奏) information is the hidden glue supporting the development of a well-functioning language system,”  said study co-author Usha Goswami. To understand whether that was the case, the researchers had 50 babies at 4, 7 and11 months old watch a video of a primary school teacher singing 18 nursery rhymes. In a carefully controlled environment, the baby participants were presented with 18nursery rhymes played via video recordings. These rhymes, sung by a native English speaker, were selected carefully to cover a range of phonetic features. The sounds were delivered at a consistent volume. Then the researchers used a method called EEG, which involved placing a soft cap with sensors on each baby's head to measure their brainwaves. The brainwave data was then analyzed to obtain the phonological information, allowing the researchers to create a “readout” of how the babies’ brains were processing the different sounds in the nursery rhymes. Contrary to what was previously thought, the researchers found that babies don't process individual speech sounds reliably until they're about 7 months old. Even at 11 months old, when many babies start to say their first words, the processing of these sounds is still rare. However, rhythmic speech information was processed by the babies as early as 2 months old, and this processing predicted later language outcomes. The study stresses the importance of parents talking and singing to their babies, using rhythmic speech patterns. The study opens up new ways for exploring how early speech processing relates to language disorders. This could be particularly significant in understanding and potentially handling these conditions early in life. However, the research focused on a specific group of babies without developmental disorders, mainly from an English-speaking environment. Future research could look into how babies from different backgrounds, or those with developmental challenges, process speech. 32.What is the key to language learning according to the recent study? A．The formation of the words. B．The individual speech sounds. C．The meanings of single words. D．The speech rhythm information. 33.What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The ages of the subjects. B．The features of the subjects. C．The result of the research. D．The process of the research. 34.What is the suggestion for parents with 2-month-old babies in paragraph 4? A．Singing nursery rhymes. B．Saying academic words. C．Using complex sentences. D．Teaching individual sounds. 35.What should future study focus on? A．Improving the learning environment. B．Increasing the diversity of the subjects. C．Finding a cure for babies with disorders. D．Analyzing features of perfect speech. 3.（23-24高二下·广东省肇庆市·期末） According to a recent study, individuals born in the 1970s exhibited brain volumes (容量) that were 6.6% larger and brain surface areas nearly 15% greater than those of people born in the 1930s. “The decade someone is born appears to impact brain size and potentially long-term brain health,” said Charles DeCarli, first author of the study. “Genetic (遗传) factors play a major role in determining brain size, but our findings indicate external influences — such as health, social, cultural, and educational factors — may also play a role.” The researchers used brain MRIs (磁共振成像) from participants. The MRIs were conducted between 1999 and 2019 with participants born during the 1930s through the 1970s. The brain study consisted of 3,226 participants (53% female, 47%male) with an average age of about 57 at the time of the examination. The research compared the MRIs of people born in the 1930s to those born in the 1970s. It found gradual but consistent increases in several brain structures. For example, a measure that looked at brain volumes showed steady increases decade by decade. For participants born in the 1930s, the average volume was 1,234 milliliters, but for those in the 1970s, the volume was 1,321 milliliters, or about 6.6% greater volume. Around 7 million Americans are currently living with Alzheimer’s disease, a serious disease, especially affecting older people. That number is expected to rise to 11. 2 million by 2040. Although the numbers are rising with America’s aging population, the percentage of the population  affected by the disease is decreasing. A previous study also found a 20 percent reducation in the cases of dementia (精神错乱) per decade. “Larger brain structures may reflect improved brain development and improved brain health,” DeCarli said. “A larger brain structure represents a larger brain reserve and may reduce the ate-life effects of late-related brain diseases like Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia.” 32.What did the recent study mainly find? A．Human brains are getting larger. B．Humans become increasingly clever. C．Human brain volumes have increased 15% on average. D．Humans born in the 1970s are healthier than those in the 1930s. 33.What may Charles DeCarli agree with? A．Genetic factors impact long-term brain health. B．External factors also influence human brain size. C．The bigger the brain is, the healthier a person is. D．The decade someone is born shows the exact brain size. 34.How did the researchers get their final findings? A．By doing field trips. B．By exploring reasons. C．By making comparisons. D．By referring to similar studies. 35.What can the increased brain size probably lead to? A．Unpredictable brain structure changes. B．Less impact from age-related brain diseases. C．Development of new brain-protecting drugs. D．Faster recovery for patients with brain diseases. 4.（23-24高二下·广东省大湾区·期末） Remote work, once celebrated as a pandemic-era (疫情时代) solution, now faces challenges. Some influential figures in banking are leading the charge to phase out remote work. Major financial institutions like Goldman Sachs are returning to traditional five-day workweeks, reflecting a broader trend away from remote work. Tech leaders such as Google are also tightening control, linking attendance to performance reviews. The widespread support for remote work benefits seems to be declining as employers an ply stricter policies. Recent global surveys reveal a disconnect between employers’ remote work plans and employees’ desires. Employers worry about decreased productivity with remote work, ci ting studies showing lower efficiency compared to office-based work. Despite these concerns, employees remain firm in their preference for remote work, seeking more flexibility in their work arrangements. Remote work’s appeal lies in time saved from traveling to work and a better work-life balance. Studies show remote work saves an average of 72 minutes daily, equal to significant time savings annually. Employees feel more engaged while working remotely, valuing these benefits as much as an 8% pay increase. The shift to remote work has been solidified by the pandemic, with many workers now in part-time or fully remote setups that may be challenging to backtrack. It is no coincidence that the crackdown on remote work is happening as some industries cool. Job cuts across Wall Street and Silicon Valley have handed power back to businesses. However, even in tech and finance some employees are standing their ground. In May Amazon said that 300 employees staged walkouts over the e-empire’s return-to-work policies. Other firms are quietly adapting with the times. Deloitte and KPMG, two professional-services giants, want to reduce their office footprint in favour of more remote work. The gap between the two sides of the work-from-home battle may yet narrow. The question is whether the bosses or the bossed will yield the most. 32.What trend do the examples given in paragraph l reflect? A．Going back to offices. B．Shortening workdays. C．Home-based working. D．Flexible working time. 33.What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A．Employees exhibit better work at home. B．Employees do not value work efficiency. C．Employers have a problem in connection. D．Employers advocate working in the office. 34.Why is restoring conventional work patterns a challenge? A．Because employees will be paid less. B．Because traveling is no longer popular. C．Because of resistance from the workers. D．Because of improvements in technology. 35.What is the best title for the text? A．Employers Agree with Employees B．Work Efficiency Cries for a Reform C．Work-from-home Holds Huge Appeal D．Fight over Remote Work Goes Global 5.（23-24高二下·广东省华附 省实 广雅 深中四校·期末） The more scientists investigate the microbes (微生物) living inside us, the more they learn about the surprising impact of the tiny organisms on how we look, act, think, and feel. Are our health and well-being really driven by the bacteria, viruses and fungi that live in our intestines (肠), in our lungs, on our skin, on our eyeballs? What a weird concept — that the bugs we carry around appear to be essential to establishing the basic nature of who we are. The effects of the microbiome, the microorganisms that exist in human body, can be profound and can start incredibly early. In a study, scientists showed that something supposedly as natural as a child’s character might be related to the bacteria in an infant’s digestive system; the more Bifidobacterium (双歧杆菌) there are, the sunnier the baby is. This observation, from the University of Turku in Finland, is based on an analysis of samples from 301 babies. Those with the highest proportion of Bifidobacterium organisms at two months old were more likely to exhibit a trait the researchers called “positive emotionality” at six months old. Microbiome science is still relatively young. Most studies so far have been initial and small-scale, involving only a dozen or so mice or humans. Scientists have found associations between the microbiome and disease but can’t yet draw clear cause-and-effect conclusions about our extensive collection of microorganisms and their effects on us as hosts. Still, the collection itself is mind-boggling — it’s now thought to be around 38 trillion microbes for a typical young adult male, slightly more than the number of actual human cells. And the prospects for putting that collection to use are more than promising. In the not-too-distant future, according to the most enthusiastic researchers, it might be a routine for us to take a dose of healthy microbes in various forms. Hopefully, with the help of new medical advances, we will be able to achieve our full potential by functioning at peak levels internally and externally. 32.What can we learn about microbiome? A．The development of microbiome is quite mature nowadays. B．The more Bifidobacterium an adult has, the healthier one is. C．More microbes than human cells are present in young men. D．Microbes have little influence on shaping our identity. 33.What does the underlined word “mind-boggling” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Weakening. B．Astonishing. C．Disturbing. D．Misleading. 34.What can be inferred from the text? A．It’s necessary to remove certain fungi from our body. B．2-month-old babies are often more positive than 6-month-old ones. C．New supplements related to microbiome are likely being developed. D．The relationship between microorganisms and disease remains unclear. 35.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．How microbes benefit our health. B．How microbes shape our lives. C．What affects early childhood. D．What Turku University reveals about microbes. 6.（23-24高二下·广东省茂名市·期末） Time speeds up when you are having fun. But it slows down, it turns out, when one looks at something worth remembering. According to a research, people’s sense of how fast time passes can be influenced by the memorability of the images in front of them. A team led by Martin Wiener, a cognitive (认知) neuroscientist at George Mason University in America, tested how visual stimuli change people’s experience of time. They showed several dozen participants images of different scenes — from empty box rooms to filled stadiums — for between 300 and 900 milliseconds. After each one the participants had to say if the time spent looking at the image was short or long. Their responses showed that, when the images featured large scenes, such as an empty warehouse, more time seemed to have passed. The opposite happened when the images were of spaces jammed with objects, such as an overfull garage. That was strange. Previous research has found that the experience of stretched time increases with size; for instance, if people are flashed images of different numbers for equal lengths of time, they think the higher numbers are shown for longer. But the jammed scenes seemed to contradict that trend. To see if something else was at play, the researchers ran another experiment using pictures that differed in memorability. Humans better remembered pictures focused on people, actions and centrally placed objects. Dr. Wiener’s team used images from a 60,000-image data set, where each image had been judged on its memorability (a man with flowers in his beard: memorable). The more memorable the image, the more it seemed to stretch time. Exactly how processing speed leads to different time perception (理解) is still unclear, but the researchers believe the connection lies in how the brain prioritises incoming information. 32.What has a great effect on people’s sense of time? A．Time’s speeding up. B．Time’s slowing down. C．Incoming information. D．Memorability of the images. 33.When you look at a (n) ______, it seems more time has passed. A．filled stadium B．overfull garage C．empty warehouse D．tree in the corner 34.From which is the text probably taken? A．A research paper. B．A travel brochure. C．A health magazine. D．A biology textbook. 35.What is the main idea of the text? A．How time flies with different images. B．The experience of time increases with size. C．Memorable images make time pass more slowly. D．Processing speed leads to different time perception. 7.（23-24高二下·广东省揭阳市·期末） A Dutch company has developed technology to follow the movements and activities of cows. The high-tech system, powered by AI and motion sensors, is called “The Intelligent Dairy Farmer’s Assistant.” The company, Connecterra, launched the system in the United States in December after several years of testing and operations in Europe. A device is put around the neck of the cow to record its movements. This information is then processed by a computer that uses AI to learn about the animal’s behavior over time. The system can tell farmers what the cow is doing in real time. This information can help predict when cattle get sick, become less productive or are ready for mating. Richard Watson owns the Seven Oaks Dairy in Waynesboro, Georgia. He was one of the first American farmers to use the high-tech system. “It can pick up whether the cow is eating, whether it is walking, whether it is drinking, whether it is laying down, standing up.” Watson said the system is a big help because it is impossible for farmers to keep up with the activities of each cow individually. He added that having a computer identify which of his 2,000 cattle need attention could help improve farm productivity by up to 10 percent. He estimates this difference could greatly increase his profits. “Just a 10 percent or five percent increase, or improvement in productivity, means hundreds of thousands of dollars to us, aside from the fact that we just want happier and healthier and more welfare in our animals, anyway.” The founder and head of Connecterra is Yasir Khokhar. He says the idea for the system came while he was living on a dairy farm south of Amsterdam. “It turns out the technology farmers use is really outdated in many aspects,” Khokhar told the Associated Press. He added that most of the technology that does exist is difficult to use. He says modern agriculture greatly needs new technology like this. The company says information about the cows can be collected and seen on a cellphone or other mobile device. A text message can also inform farmers of concerns involving the animals. 32.How does “the Intelligent Dairy Farmer’s Assistant” help farmers? A．By giving alarms to farmers. B．By focusing farmers’ attention on cattle. C．By sending real-time information about cows to farmers. D．By telling farmers which cow is less productive or ready to mate. 33.What’s Watson’s attitude towards the high-tech system? A．Indifferent. B．Neutral. C．Passive. D．Confident. 34.Why did Khokhar come up with the idea of the high tech system? A．Because he once lived on a diary farm. B．Because some agricultural technologies were out of date. C．Because he wanted to increase the income of farmers. D．Because some farming systems turned out to be a failure. 35.What does the passage mainly talks about? A．Modern agriculture in America. B．Ways of raising cows more efficiently. C．A Dutch company known as a high- tech system. D．“Smart Farm” technology tracking behavior of cows. 8.（23-24高二下·广东清远市·期末） Advances in generative artificial intelligence (AI) have enabled authentic-sounding speech synthesis (语音合成) to the point that a person can no longer distinguish whether they are talking to another human or a deepfake (深度伪造). If a person’s own voice is “cloned” by a third party without their agreement, bad guys can use it to send any message they want. Computer scientist and engineer Ning Zhang has developed a new method to prevent unauthorized speech synthesis before it takes place: a tool called AntiFake. Traditional deepfake detection methods only work after the damage is done. However, AntiFake prevents voice data from being synthesized into an audio deepfake beforehand. This tool turns the tables on cybercriminals (网络罪犯) by using similar voice cloning techniques they employ, but for voice protection. The software complicates voice data extraction and feature identification crucial for voice synthesis. “We’re using an opposite AI technique originally used by cybercriminals, but now we’re using it against them,” Zhang explained. “We slightly change the recorded audio, just enough to make it unusable for voice clone training while still sounding natural to humans.” Ben Zhao, a professor of computer science at University of Chicago, says that the software, like all digital security systems, will never provide complete protection. But, he adds that it can raise the bar and limit the attack to a smaller group of individuals with significant resources. AntiFake can already protect shorter voice recordings against cloning. The creators of the tool believe that it could be extended to protect larger audio documents or music from misuse. But the methods and tools that are developed must be continuously adapted because cybercriminals will learn and grow with them. 32.What is the primary purpose of AntiFake? A．To improve the quality of synthetic speech. B．To clone voices without the owner’s approval. C．To detect deepfakes after they have been created. D．To stop unapproved speech generation from happening. 33.How does AntiFake differ from these traditional methods? A．It prevents audio deepfakes in advance. B．It cannot detect deepfakes until created. C．It only works on short voice recordings. D．It relies on human listeners to identify deepfakes. 34.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Developers should focus on short voice recordings. B．The battle against deepfakes requires ongoing efforts. C．AntiFake is ineffective against advanced cloning techniques. D．AntiFake provides permanent solutions to the deepfake threat. 35.What is the best title for the text? A．The Future of Voice Technology. B．A Method for Detecting AI Deepfakes. C．The Challenge of Telling Human Voices. D．A Tool to Keep AI from Stealing Your Voice. 9.（23-24高二下·广东省广州市荔湾区·期末） Scientists are working on new technology that may aid art historians in answering the question: Masterpiece or masterful imitation (仿制品)? Art historians, are often asked to authenticate (鉴定) art with their knowledge of the subject and science and technology. The materials used in the painting are often analyzed and X-rayed. Now, art historians may have another technological tool to help their process. Scientists have developed a new authentication technique that analyzes and sorts out paintings based on a digital analysis of the artist’s style. The digital authentication technique takes scans of art work that have already been authenticated as being from a master artist. From these scans, it creates a statistical model of the artist's work: a baseline. New paintings can be compared to the baseline to find consistencies and inconsistencies in an artist’s work. The images of the two paintings reveal what the human eye could not see. When the analysis recognizes this difference, the fakes are found out. In an experiment, the model automatically grouped together the eight authenticated works, separating them from five imitations. However, some art historians held some different views on the new technique. “It’s an interesting idea. But I think a much larger sample of work has to be tested,” said Nadine Oberstein, head of an art museum in New York. If the technology turns out to be accurate, she added, it could be used to add to the expertise of scholars. Most importantly, Hany Farid, a computer scientist says, “such a method could be used to determine whether more than one person or hand was involved in creating a painting”. Using his model, Farid studied the faces of six individual characters in the painting Madonna with Child. Three of the faces proved to be statistically similar, while the three other faces were all different. This indicates that at least four hands contributed to the painting. “If further studies prove convincingly that this computer program effectively distinguishes between different artistic hands, it will lead to a whole new era in the study of the workshop practice of artists.” said Farid. 32.Why are scientists developing the new technique? A．To create digital copies of famous paintings. B．To improve the process of art authentication. C．To make displays more interactive for visitors. D．To replace art historians in authenticating works. 33.How does the digital authentication technique work? A．By analyzing materials. B．By identifying style patterns. C．By X-raying a baseline. D．By comparing to a statistical model. 34.What is Nadine’s attitude towards the new technique? A．Enthusiastic. B．Indifferent. C．Doubtful. D．Optimistic. 35.What can the new technique tell about a painting? A．The painter of the masterpiece. B．The materials used in the painting. C．The time period in which the painting was created. D．The number of painters involved in creating the painting. 10.（23-24高二下·广东省中山市·期末） In November 2020, Semantic Scholar introduced their new TLDR (Too Long Didn’t Read) feature. This AI-powered tool can shorten even the most complex computer science papers into a single-sentence summary, using natural language processing. If you’re a researcher, you might be considering how much time you could save by not having to map out evidence for a new topic. This new tool will finally allow you to shift your attention to the parts of your job that are more complex, analytical and social. At the same time, you are probably a little concerned that it could replace you or one of your colleagues. The last time it took a team of four researchers to review the evidence. Will it only require three or fewer researchers in the future? So will the impact of AI on the labour market be the same as “a new disease… namely, technological unemployment” warned by John Maynard Keynes? It seems too early to give this question an answer now. But we’ve learned from history the fact that previous technological waves did not cause massive job loss. Instead, they have led to transformations within the labour market and brought challenges that policymakers continue to deal with. Workers may need to re-skill or up-skill. This will help them to adapt to new ways of organizing tasks and the appearance of new ones. New skills will enable them to face potential job loss and manage transitions to new jobs. Policies and institutions can play a key role in ensuring that all workers can successfully handle a changing labour market. Even if AI increases the scale of the challenge, widens inequalities and brings new challenges for the work environment, policymakers should keep these lessons in mind to help workers ride the waves of technological change. 32.What can “TLDR” do according to the first two paragraphs? A．Shift your attention. B．Find evidence of a case. C．Improve work efficiency. D．Help you write your paper. 33.Which statement will John Maynard Keynes probably agree with? A．Technological change will cause job loss. B．A new disease will lead to unemployment. C．Technological advancement can lead to diseases. D．The appearance of AI is a warning for humanity. 34.How can workers adapt to technological changes in the labor market? A．By finding more new jobs. B．By managing the labour market. C．By actively working with policy makers. D．By improving existing skills or learning new ones. 35.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．The Advanced Features of TLDR B．New Development in AI Technology C．The Impact of AI on the Labour Market D．The Application of an AI-powered Tool 话题二：人与自然 1.（23-24高二下·广东省江门市·期末） The environment is a concern for many, and individual actions like reducing plastic use and recycling contribute positively. However, some issues, like acid rain, require global policies and industry regulations to address more effectively. Acid rain has been observed for over 150 years, with Scottish scientist Robert Angus Smith identifying elevated (偏高) acid levels in rain during the 1850s, correlating it with industrial growth. While natural events like volcano eruptions contribute to acid rain, man-made sources like factories, power stations burning coal, and car emissions are the primary causes. These emissions, containing nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxides, combine with water in clouds to form sulfuric and nitric acids. Technically known as acid deposition (沉积), acid rain occurs when acids move from the atmosphere to Earth's surface through rain, snow, or fog, as well as dry particles and gases carried by wind. The impacts of acid rain are significant, evidenced by lakes turning clear due to loss of life, deformed fish, dying trees, disrupted food chains, and adverse effects on human health. Efforts to combat acid rain began in the 1980s, resulting in reduced emissions globally and improvements in rain acidity levels. However, challenges remain, particularly in farming and preserving natural ecosystems. While the recovery process is ongoing, the effects of acid rain on structures, sculptures, and monuments serve as a reminder of its long-term impact. In conclusion, addressing acid rain requires collective action and ongoing monitoring to safeguard the environment and human health, highlighting the importance of global cooperation in addressing environmental challenges. 32.According to the passage, what are the major sources of acid rain? A．Recycling and reducing plastic use. B．Natural events like volcano eruptions. C．Factories, power stations and car emissions. D．Individual actions to address environmental concerns. 33.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “combat” in paragraph 4? A．prevent B．ignore C．worsen D．promote 34.Which of the following statements would the author agree with? A．Natural events are the main cause of acid rain. B．Acid rain has no significant impact on human health. C．Global policies alone are sufficient to address the issue. D．Effective measures require both global policies and individual actions. 35.What is the passage mainly about? A．The history of acid rain research. B．Efforts to address acid rain pollution. C．The impact of acid rain on the environment. D．Individual actions to address environmental concerns. 2.（23-24高二下·广东省深圳市龙岗区·期末） A “spark bird” is the species that inspires someone to start birdwatching, namely birding. For Trish Kane, that bird was the cardinal (红衣凤头鸟). Hearing cardinals’ calls was an initial step toward over 1,960 hours of birding, 33 field notebooks and a career change. In her book, Birding to Change the World, Kane charts her transformation from a journalist to an environmentalist. In 2005, a terrible hurricane hit Kane’s hometown. After it, she had to cope with the loss of her home. In watching the cardinals and other birds, she found relief. Soon she started bringing her students along. “My students stared at me in disbelief when I told them I had never cared about birds before,” Kane writes. “I suddenly wondered how many creatures would die because of the way we lived.” She decided to pursue an environmentally-conscious career. In 2007, she took a course to study environmental science. Most of the book focuses on Kane’s efforts to preserve Warner Park, an ideal location satisfying birding requirements for her class. She successfully campaigned to stop the construction of a parking lot. Her activism snowballed into a local bird watching and protecting organization. It eventually became part of Kane’s doctoral research, and launched a birding class that pairs middle school students with college-student advisors. The book shows readers that a good knowledge of nature doesn’t require a degree. Take Jeremy, a seemingly uninterested boy in Kane’s birding class. When reporters joined an outing, the normally quiet Jeremy started talking excitedly about the bunting, a small blue bird. Kane soon learned that he had secretly taken to studying the field guide given to him by his advisor. At its core, Birding to Change the World is about how people and birds today depend on one another. “For birds, that dependence is concrete. For thousands of years, our species has seen birds as a symbol of liberation,” Kane writes. In her case, it is liberation from the grief and depression that the hurricane brought. “Bird by bird, they carve a new pathway in my life, a joyful pathway.” 32.What made Kane pursue an environmentalist career? A．Her guilt about the serious harm to birds. B．The desire to guide students to go birding. C．The comfort from birding after the disaster. D．Her students’ disbelief in her ignorance of birds. 33.What can we learn about Kane from paragraph 3? A．She worked hard on her latest book. B．She protected Warner Park on her own. C．Her birding class consisted of advisors. D．Her activism led to positive chain effects. 34.What does Jeremy’s experience suggest? A．Interest in nature differs between kids and adults. B．Children learn more from nature than from books. C．Children are born curious about outdoor activities. D．Potential in kids can be released with proper guide. 35.Which is the best title for the text? A．A Joyful Experience of Birding B．The Transformative Power of Birding C．A Life Journey of an Environmentalist D．The Self-appreciation of a Book Writer 3.（23-24高二下·广东省梅州市·期末） According to new studies, many birds in the Amazon rainforest have become smaller as temperatures have increased. The difference hasn’t been obvious, but it has been significant enough that some scientists have suggested it’s a universal response to climate change. But new research finds that the body size reductions aren’t happening across the board with some large­brained birds having much less significant changes. For the study, researchers studied some data on about 70,000 birds that had died when they crashed into buildings in Chicago from 1978 to 2016. They added data on brain volume and lifespan (寿命) for 49 of the 52 species of migratory birds (候鸟) in the original study. They found that birds with very large brains had reductions in overall body size that were about one­third of the reductions noted in birds with smaller brains. They thought that in birds, the species with big brains are the ones that build tools, manage to survive in tough environments, live longer, invest more time and energy into raising babies, and end up surviving better in the wild. Researchers aren’t certain exactly how warmer temperatures might lead to decreasing body size in birds, but they are considering two possible explanations, which could even be happening at the same time. First, natural selection might be favoring birds that can dissipate heat better. This is because smaller birds have higher ratios (比例) of surface area to volume, so being small can help birds stay cool. Second, warmer summers might have less food available for birds at the time when they are feeding their babies. In that case, birds might be getting smaller because of decreased food over the years. The findings don’t suggest that climate change is having zero impact on bigger­brained birds, but researchers believe these findings can inform us of climate change and help set conservation priorities. 32.How does climate change affect birds? A．Their body size shrinks. B．Their lifespan shortens. C．Their body temperature rises. D．Their brain size expands. 33.How did the scientists do the research? A．By analyzing the bird data. B．By observing the birds dying. C．By studying the bird death rate. D．By clarifying the bird species. 34.Which word can best replace the underlined word “dissipate” in paragraph 5? A．use B．hold C．absorb D．lose 35.What can be the best title for the text? A．Birds’ Body Sizes Vary B．Brain Size Matters for Birds C．Climate changes Sharply D．Temperature Rises Globally 话题三：人与自我 1.（23-24高二下·广东省梅州市·期末） Pick up any packaged processed food, and there’s a decent chance that one of its listed ingredients will be “natural flavour”. The ingredient sounds good, particularly in contrast to “artificial flavours” since there is a common belief that ingredients from nature are necessarily safer than something artificially made. But it’s not true. Then what exactly does the natural flavour mean? It refers to extracts (提取物) got from natural sources like plants, meat or seafood. When consumers see the “natural flavour” on a label, they are unlikely to assume that someone is squeezing the juice from oranges into their bottles. They know even though natural flavour must come from natural sources, it needn’t all come from the plant or meat. For example, orange flavours might contain not only orange extracts, but also extracts from bark and grass. So if flavours like orange are needed, why not just use oranges? The answer comes down to “availability, cost, and sustainability”, according to flavour chemist Gary Reineccius of the University of Minnesota. “If you’re going to use all your grapes on grape soda,” Reineccius says, “you don’t have any grapes for wine making; the products are going to be exorbitant; besides, what do you do with the by-products you create after you’ve squeezed all the juice out of the grapes?” Actually, while chemists make natural flavours by extracting chemicals from natural ingredients, artificial flavours are made by creating the same chemicals artificially. The reason why companies bother to use natural flavours rather than artificial flavours is simple: marketing. “Many of these products have health titles,” says Platkin, professor from Hunter College. “Consumers may be talked to believe products with natural flavours are healthier, though they are nutritionally no different from those with artificial flavours. Natural flavours may involve more forest clear-cutting and carbon emissions from transport than flavours created in the lab.” Platkin suggests getting more transparent (易懂的) labeling on packaging that describes exactly what the natural or artificial flavours are, so consumers are-not misled into buying one product over another because of “natural flavours”. Reineccius also offers simple guidance: “Don’t buy anything because it says ‘natural flavours’. Buy it because you like it.” 32.Which is misunderstanding about the “natural flavour” juice according to Paragraph 1？ A．It comes from 100% original fruit. B．It is nothing but advertising tricks. C．It certainly contains extracts made in the lab. D．It is absolutely safer than juice with artificial flavours. 33.What does the underlined word “exorbitant” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Popular. B．Expensive. C．Favorable. D．Innovative. 34.Why do companies use natural flavours in the products? A．To cut the costs. B．To promote the sales. C．To advocate a healthy diet. D．To avoid food safety issues. 35.What can we conclude from the text? A．Gary and Platkin hold opposite perspectives. B．Natural flavours are more environmentally friendly. C．Customers are misled for ignoring labels on packaging. D．Natural and artificial flavours are more alike than you think. 2（23-24高二下·广东省湛江市·期末） Shortly after its opening on the first day of Chinese New Year, The Wandering Earth began to gain momentum (展现强劲势头). In a little over a week, it made 2.8 billion yuan in the domestic market alone. The film’s popularity and success has come as a surprise to many reviewers especially since there hasn’t been that much success for Chinese-produced science fiction in the past. Many agree that this film will change the embarrassing situation and bring in a new age for Chinese science fiction. As a genre (类型), Chinese science fiction has lagged behind general fiction in both the film and publishing industries. Even Liu Cixin’s (the author who wrote the short story on which The Wandering Earth is based) The Three Body Problem —which is currently quite popular — didn’t have many readers until it was translated into English and won the Hugo Award (雨果奖) in 2015. Personally, I haven’t read much of any genre written in Chinese, but I do notice that there aren’t many separate sections of the bookstore dedicated to science fiction. I cannot speak for everyone, but some people seem to have misunderstandings regarding the genre. My parents were the type who tried to steer me in the direction of non-fiction and the classics. They believed that science fiction and fantasy were “unrealistic nonsense” and would “rot my brain.” Actually, great science fiction writers do their research. More often than not, one can learn a great deal about science and its possible development from reading science fiction. Sure, some of the concepts may be confusing or technical in nature, but that is also part of the appeal. Things like the internet, electric cars and tablet computers were first theorized (建立理论) in science fiction before they were invented. The author simply uses a combination of science and their imagination to create worlds different from the Earth of today, from which we can get bits and pieces that can be turned into a reality. The world is changing. There may very well be a time when Earth is no longer able to sustain the entire population. We could be living on Mars or in giant spaceships; perhaps we will be forced to move Earth to a new solar system just like The Wandering Earth. Each of these scenarios has appeared in science fiction multiple times. If we are to be prepared for what is to come, we can look into modern science fiction for a window into the future. 32.According to the article, which of the following statements about The Wandering Earth is NOT true? A．Critics did not expect too much of the film before its release. B．It is the first time that Chinese science fiction has succeed in the film industry. C．The film was adapted from a short story in Liu Cixin’s The Three Body Problem. D．In the future we might be faced with similar crises to the one described in the movie. 33.We can learn from the article that the author ________. A．has little interest in science fiction B．has never read Chinese science fiction C．was not allowed to read science fiction by his parents D．has not been prepared for the future development of science and technology. 34.Paragraph 3 mainly focuses on ________. A．the practical significance of science fiction B．real technologies inspired by science fiction C．people’s misunderstandings about science fiction D．imaginary worlds created by science fiction writers 35.What does the underlined word “scenarios” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．strategies B．proposals C．ideas D．pictures 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 阅读理解说明文（广东专用） C 话题一：人与自然 1.（23-24高二下·广东省深圳市龙岗区·期末） Have you ever seen the Moon rising over your town or city? It can appear very large when it is low on the horizon. Our moon goes through phases(月相) and it looks a little different every day. When the whole moon is lit up, it is called a full moon. When the Moon is entirely dark, it’s a new moon. When there is only a thin edge of the circle shining, it’s a crescent moon. When a crescent moon is rising, we can occasionally see a unique event. When the Sun, the Earth, and the Moon are lined up just right, some of the sunlight that hits the Earth can be reflected onto the Moon. This causes most part of the Moon to give off a faint glow, while the rest of the Moon is brightly lit by the sunlight. This phenomenon is named the Da Vinci glow. It was Leonardo da Vinci, a great artist, inventor and scientist, who explained it for the first time. Sometimes, it is also called “earthshine.” When Da Vinci wrote about earthshine, he suggested that it might be caused by sunlight reflected from the Earth’s oceans. He was almost completely correct, except for one detail: most of the reflected sunlight comes from the clouds in our atmosphere. The reflected light from the Earth is bright enough to light up the side of the Moon that isn’t receiving direct sunlight. The Da Vinci glow is not easy to see. Conditions need to be just right. Due to the angles of light, the Moon has to be very low on the horizon. The best time to see it will be in the days before and after the new moon. During these days, the lit-up edge of the crescent moon is at its thinnest stage. If you observe the Moon before sunrise or after sunset, it may be possible to witness the reflected light from the Earth. For the best experience, choose a location outdoors where there is not too much artificial light. You can use a telescope, but it’s not necessary since the Moon will look just as impressive when viewed with the bare eye. 28.Which of the following is the Da Vinci glow? A． B． C． D． 29.What is the main cause of the Da Vinci glow? A．Sunlight received by the Moon’s surface. B．Sunlight reflected from the Earth’s clouds. C．Sunlight reflected from the Earth’s oceans. D．Sunlight received by the Moon’s lit-up edge. 30.Why is the Da Vinci glow an unusual phenomenon? A．It requires specific light conditions. B．It lasts too short to be observed. C．It occurs at the crescent moon stage. D．It needs bright light from the Sun. 31.Which of the following matters most to an ideal observation of the phenomenon? A．A suitable place. B．Good eyesight. C．A special instrument. D．Bright moonlight. 【答案】28.B 29.B 30.A 31.A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了月球的达·芬奇辉光现象。 28.细节理解题。根据第二段中“This causes most part of the Moon to give off a faint glow, while the rest of the Moon is brightly lit by the sunlight. (这导致月球的大部分发出微弱的光芒，而月球的其余部分则被阳光照亮。)”和第三段中“This phenomenon is named the Da Vinci glow.(这种现象被命名为达·芬奇辉光。)”可知，B项符合达·芬奇辉光现象。故选B项。 29.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“He was almost completely correct, except for one detail: most of the reflected sunlight comes from the clouds in our atmosphere. (他几乎是完全正确的，除了一个细节：大部分反射的阳光来自我们大气层中的云。)”可知，达芬奇辉光主要是地球云层反射的阳光。故选B项。 30.推理判断题。根据倒数第一段中“The Da Vinci glow is not easy to see. Conditions need to be just right. Due to the angles of light, the Moon has to be very low on the horizon.(达·芬奇辉光不容易被看到。条件需要恰到好处。由于光线的角度，月球必须在地平线上非常低。)”可知，达·芬奇辉光是一种不寻常的现象，因为它需要特定的光照条件。故选A项。 31.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“For the best experience, choose a location outdoors where there is not too much artificial light. (为了获得最佳体验，选择室外没有太多人造光的地方。)”可知，一个合适的地方对观察该现象最重要。故选A项。 2.（23-24高二下·广东省广州市荔湾区·期末） Scientists already knew African gray parrots are particularly clever, with large brains and exceptional problem-solving skills. But they wondered if these birds, separated from great apes by some 300 million years of evolution, also possess advanced social abilities, like helping one another. Corvids, another group of so-called “intelligent” birds that includes crows, have so far failed to demonstrate this ability, according to Desiree Brucks, a Swiss biologist. “Parrots had not been tested yet,” says Brucks. “So it remained an open question whether or not the ability to help each other actively may have evolved (进化) within birds.” Brucks and his colleague placed many paired combinations of eight African grays into glass enclosures (围栏), with a hole cut in a dividing wall that allowed the two birds to interact. The scientists then trained the parrots to trade coins to a person through another hole in exchange for nuts. When one parrot had all the coins, it would assist its coinless partner by gifting some of them through the dividing wall. The parrots tended to give more coins to friends and family, but would also help parrots they had never met. Importantly, the parrots didn’t help when their partner was blocked from accessing the experimenter, suggesting they could recognize when their assistance was needed, or even useful. This behavior, detailed in their study, published this week in the journal Current Biology, is possibly a consequence of evolving in giant, moving groups where an altruistic reputation is important. Katherine Cronin, a zoologist in Chicago, approves the study for ruling out simple playfulness as an explanation for passing the coins. “We can be pretty confident that the African gray parrots are considering the benefits available to their partners,” Cronin says. She points out the research adds to growing evidence of selflessness across the animal kingdom—and reminds us it is not unique to humans. 28.What is the study mainly about? A．The living habits of African gray parrots. B．The social abilities of African gray parrots. C．The problem-solving skills of African gray parrots. D．The comparison between African gray parrots and crows. 29.How did the researchers test the parrots’ ability to help each other? A．By setting up the parrots enclosures. B．By observing parrots work in groups. C．By creating a situation for parrots to share coins. D．By assessing the parrots’ intelligence separately. 30.What does the underlined word “altruistic” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Selfless. B．Impressive. C．Fearless. D．Professional. 31.Where is this article most likely taken from? A．A nature guidebook. B．A pet care magazine. C．A scientific journal. D．A bird-watching newsletter. 【答案】28.B 29.C 30.A 31.C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项针对非洲灰鹦鹉的社交能力的研究，实验显示，这种鹦鹉能够互相帮助，通过赠送硬币来协助同伴获取坚果，且不仅限于亲友，还包括陌生鹦鹉。这进一步证实了动物王国中的利他行为，表明这种行为并非人类独有。 28.细节理解题。根据第一段中“But they wondered if these birds, separated from great apes by some 300 million years of evolution, also possess advanced social abilities, like helping one another. (但他们想知道，这些在大约3亿年的进化过程中从类人猿中分离出来的鸟类，是否也拥有高级的社交能力，比如互相帮助)”可知，这项研究主要是探究非洲灰鹦鹉的社交能力。故选B项。 29.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Brucks and his colleague placed many paired combinations of eight African grays into glass enclosures (围栏), with a hole cut in a dividing wall that allowed the two birds to interact. The scientists then trained the parrots to trade coins to a person through another hole in exchange for nuts. (Brucks和他的同事将八只非洲灰鸟的配对成许多组合，放入玻璃围栏中，在分隔墙上开一个洞，让两只鸟互动。然后，科学家们训练鹦鹉通过另一个洞向一个人交换硬币，以换取坚果)”可知，研究人员通过创造一个让鹦鹉分享硬币的环境来测试鹦鹉互相帮助的能力。故选C项。 30.词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文““We can be pretty confident that the African gray parrots are considering the benefits available to their partners,” Cronin says. She points out the research adds to growing evidence of selflessness across the animal kingdom—and reminds us it is not unique to humans. (Cronin说：“我们可以很有信心地说，非洲灰鹦鹉正在考虑为它们的伴侣提供好处。”她指出，这项研究为动物王国的无私行为提供了越来越多的证据，并提醒我们，这并非人类所独有)”可知，非洲灰鹦鹉会为伴侣考虑，能够提供无私的帮助。由此推知，在迁移类群体中利他的名誉很重要，可以帮助它们生存，由此它们进化出利他的行为，画线词应该是“利他的，无私的”，与Selfless意思一致。故选A项。 31.推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中““Parrots had not been tested yet,” says Brucks. “So it remained an open question whether or not the ability to help each other actively may have evolved (进化) within birds.” (Brucks说：“鹦鹉还没有被测试过，因此，鸟类相互帮助的能力是否已经进化出来，这仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。”)”可知，文章介绍了Brucks开展的针对非洲灰鹦鹉的社交能力的研究，主要包括研究目的、实验方法、实验结果、结果分析及研究意义的内容。结合选项可知，文章最有可能出自科学期刊。A. 一本自然指南；B. 一本宠物护理杂志；D. 一份观鸟通讯。故选C项。 3（23-24高二下·广东省湛江市·期末） Capentes is a waste picker. She collects bags of separated garbage, placing food waste in one container. This material will be turned into compost (堆肥) at the local recycling facility. The rest of the waste goes into separate containers. The recyclable materials are later sold. The Mother Earth Foundation in the Philippines is a member of the Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives, called GAIA．The organization wants to prevent food waste from going to landfills (垃圾填埋场). Food waste gives off methane (甲烷) gas as it breaks down. Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas. Methane traps more heat than carbon dioxide. But it does not stay in the atmosphere nearly as long—around 12 years compared with hundreds of years. GAIA says preventing organic waste from going to landfills or being burned is a proven and cost-effective climate solution. The environmental organization supports its members, including waste pickers, around the world. GAIA is working with governments to set up systems to separate and collect organic waste and establish facilities to compost it. At a materials recycling facility in Malabon, organic waste collected from households is turned into compost. This material then goes into a community garden to grow vegetables. Some of the food waste is broken down into biogas. This biogas is then used to cook vegetables for waste workers to eat. It is a complete cycle, said Froilan Grate, chief of GAIA Asia Pacific, based in Manila. Grate said there are challenges in establishing these systems in new places. It costs money to set up a facility for composting. People, including local officials, have to be educated on the importance of separating waste. Containers have to be provided to households that cannot buy more than one. And sometimes separating organic waste is not thought to be important. Also, unlike recyclables and metals, there is not a large market for organic materials. Therefore, waste workers must be paid for the system to work. But Grate believes these problems can be solved. More people are making the connection between reducing methane and fighting climate change. The world needs better systems for dealing with waste because the current methods are adding to warming. The treatment of organic matter is an important way to reduce methane gas. 28.What is GAIA currently committed to? A．Getting rid of food waste by burying it. B．Reducing the impact of organic waste on the climate. C．Economizing on food. D．Reducing the harm of carbon dioxide. 29.What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．The method to collect waste. B．The process to treat organic waste. C．How to use a recycling facility. D．The wide use of organic waste. 30.Which statement supports the challenge Grate mentioned? A．Collecting organic waste does not require significant investment. B．Every household needs to constantly replace the latest trash cans. C．Organic waste holds a large share in the garbage market. D．Families need to develop the habit of garbage sorting. 31.What can be the best title for the text? A．Methane: an Important Greenhouse Gas B．The New Systems to Reduce Greenhouse Gas C．The New Uses of Organic Waste D．Waste Pickers Help Fight Climate Change 【答案】28.B 29.B 30.D 31.D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了菲律宾的地球母亲基金会采取新的方式分解有机垃圾，防止甲烷对环境的影响。 28.推理判断题。根据第二段中“The organization wants to prevent food waste from going to landfills (垃圾填埋场).(该组织希望防止食物垃圾进入垃圾填埋场)”以及“Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas. Methane traps more heat than carbon dioxide.(甲烷是一种强大的温室气体。甲烷比二氧化碳吸收更多的热量)”可知，GAIA目前致力于减少有机废物对气候的影响。故选B。 29.主旨大意题。根据第四段“At a materials recycling facility in Malabon, organic waste collected from households is turned into compost. This material then goes into a community garden to grow vegetables. Some of the food waste is broken down into biogas. This biogas is then used to cook vegetables for waste workers to eat. It is a complete cycle, said Froilan Grate, chief of GAIA Asia Pacific, based in Manila.(在马拉邦的一个材料回收设施，从家庭收集的有机废物被转化为堆肥。然后将这些材料放入社区花园种植蔬菜。一些食物垃圾被分解成沼气。然后，这些沼气被用来烹饪蔬菜，供垃圾处理工人食用。这是一个完整的周期，总部位于马尼拉的GAIA亚太区负责人弗罗伊兰•格瑞特说)”可知，第四段主要介绍了处理有机垃圾的流程。故选B。 30.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“And sometimes separating organic waste is not thought to be important.(有时人们认为分离有机废物并不重要)”可知，家庭需要养成垃圾分类的习惯属于提到的挑战。故选D。 31.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Capentes is a waste picker. She collects bags of separated garbage, placing food waste in one container. This material will be turned into compost (堆肥) at the local recycling facility. The rest of the waste goes into separate containers. The recyclable materials are later sold.(卡彭特斯是一个拾荒者。她收集袋装分类垃圾，把食物垃圾放在一个容器里。这些材料将在当地的回收设施中变成堆肥。其余的废物被放入不同的容器中。这些可回收材料随后被出售)”并结合文章主要说明了菲律宾的地球母亲基金会采取新的方式分解有机垃圾，防止甲烷对环境的影响。可知，D选项“拾荒者帮助应对气候变化”符合文章标题。故选D。 4.（23-24高二下·广东省肇庆市·期末） Over the past few centuries, we have dug, burned, drilled, pumped, lit, launched, driven, and flown our way to adding 2.4 trillion metric tons of carbon dioxide to Earth’s atmosphere. That’s as much CO₂ as would be given off annually by 522 billion cars, or 65 cars per person living today. On a lonely, lunar-like valley of Iceland, Edda Aradottir is on a mission to put CO₂ back where it came from. She’s returning a tiny bit of it today but much, much more of it in the years ahead. In sending CO₂ deep beneath the surface of the planet, she’s aiming to reverse one of the most challenging acts of human history: the dugging of massive amounts of carbon under the ground as fossil fuels. Aradottir shows how CO₂ caught from the air is mixed with water, then fed through a complicated and detailed system of pipes that course downward 2,500 feet or so. There, the dissolved (溶解的) carbon dioxide meets porous basalt, a type of dark rock that comes from volcanoes, creating cream-colored spots in the rock below. Scientists like Aradottir are working on ambitious — and sometimes controversial (有争议的) — projects to remove carbon dioxide from the air and lock it away. In Arizona, an engineering professor shows his “mechanical tree”, a single one of which he says may someday be able to do the work of a thousand regular trees in catching and storing CO₂. In Australia, a leading oceanographer shows that seaweed is the answer, if only we’d help it grow in giant underwater gardens that could store billions of tons of carbon dioxide. Atop a university building in Zürich, an Uruguayan inventor presents a small bottle of fuel made from nothing but sunlight and air. That may be the most amazing of all the forms of carbon removal we’ve come across, as it suggests we may one day be able to make the best of carbon in a continuous cycle of zero-emission energy. Maybe. One day. 28.What purpose do the figures in paragraph 1 serve? A．To show the necessity of removing carbon dioxide. B．To inspire readers’ interest in environmental protection. C．To highlight the amount of cars existing in the world today. D．To explain a commonly accepted reason for global warming. 29.The underlined word “reverse” in paragraph 2 can be replaced by “______”. A．get B．advertise C．overturn D．discover 30.What is paragraph 3 of the text mainly about? A．Aradottir’s daily routine. B．Aradottir’s field of study. C．The cost of Aradottir’s project. D．The explanation of Aradottir’s system. 31.What does the author think of the carbon removal projects? A．Educational. B．Expensive. C．Efficient. D．Promising. 【答案】28.A 29.C 30.D 31.D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了处理大气中二氧化碳的几项研究和措施。 28.推理判断题。文章第一段讲到“That’s as much CO₂ as would be given off annually by 522 billion cars, or 65 cars per person living today.(这相当于5220亿辆汽车每年排放的二氧化碳，相当于今天每人65辆汽车)”可知，这些数字表明人类向大自然排放了大量的二氧化碳，表明处理二氧化碳的必要性，故选A。 29.词义猜测题。根据划线词前“In sending CO₂ deep beneath the surface of the planet(在在将二氧化碳送到地表以下深处的过程中)”以及划线单词下文“the dugging of massive amounts of carbon under the ground as fossil fuels.(在地下挖掘大量的碳作为化石燃料)”可知，之前人类在地下挖掘大量的碳作为化石燃料，现在Edda Aradottir致力于将二氧化碳排放到地球表面深处。这是相反的事情，因此，第二段中带下划线单词可替换为overturn“翻转”。故选C。 30.主旨大意题。文章第三段讲到“Aradottir shows how CO₂ caught from the air is mixed with water, then fed through a complicated and detailed system of pipes that course downward 2,500 feet or so.(Aradottir展示了从空气中捕获的二氧化碳如何与水混合，然后通过一个复杂而详细的管道系统向下输送2500英尺左右。)”可知，这是解释如何将二氧化碳排放到地球表面深处。因此，第三段的主要内容是Aradottir系统的解释。故选D。 31.推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“as it suggests we may one day be able to make the best of carbon in a continuous cycle of zero-emission energy. Maybe. One day.(正如它所表明的那样，我们也许有一天能够在零排放能源的连续循环中充分利用碳。也许吧。有一天。)”可知，作者认为碳去除项目是有希望的。故选D。 5.（23-24高二下·广东省东莞市·期末） In October 2022 a bird with the code name B6 set a new world record. Over the course of 11 days, B6, a young Bar-tailed Godwit, flew from its hatching ground in Alaska to its wintering ground in Tasmania, covering 8, 425 miles without taking a single break. During its journey, B6 did not land, did not eat, did not drink and did not stop flapping, sustaining an average ground speed of 30 miles per hour 24 hours a day as it winged its way to the other end of the world. B6’s long exciting journey is also a success of the remarkable mechanical features of some of the most easily recognized yet mysterious structures in the biological world: feathers. Feathers kept B6 warm overnight while it flew above the Pacific Ocean. Feathers formed the flight surfaces of the wings that kept B6 in the air for long. One might expect that, considering all the time humans have spent admiring, using and studying feathers, we would know all their tricks by now. Yet insights into these amazing structures continue to emerge. Over the past decade scientists and researchers have been taking a fresh look at feathers. Collectively they have made surprising new discoveries about almost every aspect of their biology. Starting in the 1990s, a series of surprising fossil finds showed that feathers were widespread among several families of meat-eating dinosaurs known as theropods and that birds had inherited these structures from their theropod ancestors. The discovery of feathered nonbird dinosaurs help researchers understand the origin and evolution (进化) of feathers. Feathers are a fantastic model system for understanding how complex structures evolve. The field of applied science has taken note of feathers’ many brilliant features, which have already led to successful technological innovations. For instance, the surface texture (质感) and boundary-layer-control principles of penguin feathers have made their way into robotics. No doubt feathers will give rise to more clever inventions in the future. We have only to let our creativity take flight. 28.Why did B6 fly to Tasmania? A．To cover 8, 425 miles. B．To have a break. C．To survive the winter. D．To practice flying. 29.What is the current situation of the research on feathers? A．New discoveries keep appearing. B．Every aspect has been covered. C．People have known all the tricks. D．Less time has been spent on study. 30.What does the underlined word “inherited” mean in paragraph 4? A．Promoted. B．Acquired. C．Recovered. D．Protected. 31.How does the author present the application of feathers in technological innovations? A．By analyzing data. B．By explaining reasons. C．By giving an example. D．By introducing a detail. 【答案】28.C 29.A 30.B 31.C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了科学家对羽毛结构的研究及其应用。 28.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Over the course of 11 days, B6, a young Bar-tailed Godwit, flew from its hatching ground in Alaska to its wintering ground in Tasmania, covering 8, 425 miles without taking a single break.(在11天的时间里，一只年轻的斑尾塍鹬B6从阿拉斯加的孵化地飞到了塔斯马尼亚的越冬地，全程飞行了8425英里，没有休息过一次)”可知，B6飞到塔斯马尼亚是为了过冬，故选C。 29.细节理解题。根据第三段中“One might expect that, considering all the time humans have spent admiring, using and studying feathers, we would know all their tricks by now. Yet insights into these amazing structures continue to emerge.(有人可能会认为，考虑到人类花在欣赏、使用和研究羽毛上的时间，我们现在应该知道它们所有的把戏了。然而，对这些令人惊叹的结构的见解仍在不断涌现)”可知，目前关于羽毛的研究现状是新发现不断涌现，故选A。 30.词义猜测题。根据划线词前“feathers were widespread among several families of meat-eating dinosaurs known as theropods(羽毛在被称为兽脚亚目的几个食肉恐龙家族中广泛存在)”和划线词后“The discovery of feathered nonbird dinosaurs help researchers understand the origin and evolution (进化) of feathers.(有羽毛的非鸟类恐龙的发现有助于研究人员了解羽毛的起源和进化)”可知，此处是说羽毛的起源和进化，羽毛在被称为兽脚亚目的几个食肉恐龙家族中广泛存在，由此推知此处是说“这些鸟类从它们的兽脚亚目祖先那里继承了这些结构”，inherited意为“继承，经遗传获得”，故选B。 31.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The field of applied science has taken note of feathers’ many brilliant features, which have already led to successful technological innovations. For instance, the surface texture (质感) and boundary-layer-control principles of penguin feathers have made their way into robotics.(应用科学领域已经注意到羽毛的许多杰出特征，这些特征已经导致了成功的技术创新。例如，企鹅羽毛的表面纹理和边界层控制原理已经进入机器人领域)”可知，作者是通过举例子来介绍羽毛在技术创新中的应用的，故选C。 话题二：人与社会 1.（23-24高二下·广东省清远市·期末） The summer of 2023 was the hottest ever recorded on Earth. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from burning fossil fuels are the main causes behind climate change, and scientists say they must be controlled. But there’s another greenhouse gas to deal with: methane. Tackling it may be the best bet for putting the brakes on rising temperatures in the short term. That’s because it’s relatively short-lived in the atmosphere — methane lasts about 12 years, while CO2 can stick around for hundreds of years. We already have strategies for cutting methane emissions — fixing natural gas leaks (methane is the main component of natural gas), removing coal gradually (mining operations release methane), eating less meat and dairy products (cows burp lots of methane) and electrifying transportation and appliances. Implementing all existing strategies could slow global warming by 30 percent over the next decade, research has shown. But some climate scientists, including Jackson, say we need to go further. Scientists want to develop ways to remove methane directly from the air. Most ideas are still in early research stages. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine is currently studying these potential technologies, their state of readiness and possible risks, and what further research and funding are needed. Some of the approaches include re-engineering bacteria that are already good at eating methane and developing reactors in methane-rich places to chemically transform the gas. “Methane is a sprint (短跑) and CO2 is a marathon,” says Desirée Plata, a civil and environmental engineer at MIT. “While methane emissions are a significant contributor to climate change, carbon dioxide emissions remain the primary driver. Therefore, we must continue to pursue strategies to reduce CO2 emissions while also targeting methane reduction.” For scientists focused on removing greenhouse gases, it’s off to the races. 28.What is the best way to stop rising temperatures in the short term? A．Quitting burning fossil fuels. B．Dealing with methane emissions. C．Improving current research methods. D．Controlling carbon dioxide emissions. 29.What is the possible result of carrying out existing strategies? A．Reducing the rate of global warming. B．Fixing natural gas leaks. C．Trapping methane in the atmosphere. D．Increasing the use of energy. 30.What does the author imply in paragraph 3? A．The approaches are not fully developed. B．The current research progress is sufficient. C．Some approaches have been applied widely. D．Methane emissions can be removed completely. 31.What is Desirée Plata’s attitude towards the idea of removing methane? A．Indifferent. B．Negative. C．Neutral. D．Supportive. 【答案】28.B 29.A 30.A 31.C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出处理甲烷排放是短期内阻止气温上升的最佳方法，介绍了一些减少甲烷排放的策略，并探讨了直接去除甲烷的新技术。最后，文章强调了减少二氧化碳排放的重要性，呼吁同时减少两种温室气体。 28.细节理解题。根据第一段中“But there’s another greenhouse gas to deal with: methane. Tackling it may be the best bet for putting the brakes on rising temperatures in the short term. (但还有另一种温室气体需要处理：甲烷。解决这一问题可能是短期内遏制气温上升的最佳办法。)”可知，处理甲烷排放是短期内阻止气温上升的最佳方法。故选B项。 29.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Implementing all existing strategies could slow global warming by 30 percent over the next decade, research has shown. (研究表明，实施所有现有的策略可以在未来十年内将全球变暖速度减缓30%。)”可知，实施现有策略的可能结果是减缓全球变暖的速度。故选A项。 30.推理判断题。根据第三段中“Most ideas are still in early research stages. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine is currently studying these potential technologies, their state of readiness and possible risks, and what further research and funding are needed. (大多数想法仍处于早期研究阶段。美国科学院、工程和医学目前正在研究这些潜在的技术，它们的准备就绪的状态和可能的风险，以及需要哪些进一步的研究和资助。)”可知，研究人员仍在研究这些可能的技术，研究涉及到很多方面。由此可知，这些方法没有完全开发出来。故选A项。 31.推理判断题。根据最后一段中Desirée Plata所说的话“Methane is a sprint (短跑) and CO2 is a marathon (甲烷是短跑，而二氧化碳是马拉松)”和“While methane emissions are a significant contributor to climate change, carbon dioxide emissions remain the primary driver. Therefore, we must continue to pursue strategies to reduce CO2 emissions while also targeting methane reduction. (虽然甲烷排放是气候变化的一个重要因素，但二氧化碳排放仍然是主要的驱动因素。因此，我们必须继续推行减少二氧化碳排放的战略，同时也要以减少甲烷为目标。)”可知，Desirée Plata区分了解决甲烷排放和二氧化碳排放的主次关系，前者为次，后者为主，但也强调在解决后者的同时做好前者的工作。由此可知，他对去除甲烷的想法持中立态度。故选C项。 2.（23-24高二下·广东省东莞市·期末） In 2020, OpenAI, a research lab in San Francisco, revealed a system called GPT-3. It is what artificial intelligence researchers call a neural(神经系统的) network, after the web of neurons in the human brain. A neural network is really a mathematical system that learns skills by locating patterns in vast amounts of digital data. By analyzing thousands of cat photos, for instance, it can learn to recognize a cat. “We call it ‘artificial intelligence,’ but a better name might be ‘finding statistical patterns from large data sets’,” said Dr. Gopnik, the Berkeley professor. More recently, researchers at places like Google and OpenAI began building neural networks that learned from enormous amounts of prose, including digital books and Wikipedia articles by the thousands. GPT-3 is an example. As it analyzed all that digital text, it built what you might call a mathematical map of human language — more than 175 billion data points that describe how we piece words together. Using this map, it can perform many different tasks, like penning speeches, writing computer programs and having a conversation. But there are limitations. If you ask GPT-3 for 10 speeches in the voice of Mark Twain, it might give you five that sound remarkably like the famous writer — and five others that come nowhere close. Computer programmers use the technology to create small snippets(一小段) of code they can slip into larger programs, but more often than not they have to edit and adjust whatever it gives them. Still, Dr. Gopnik described this kind of system as intelligent. “It is not intelligent in the way humans are. It is like an unfamiliar form of intelligence,” he said. “But it still counts.” Dr. Gopnik and many others in the field are confident that they are on a path to building a machine that can do anything the human brain can do. This confidence shines through when they discuss current technologies. He admits that some A．I. researchers “struggle to differentiate between reality and science fiction.” But he believes these researchers still serve a valuable role. “They help us dream of the full range of the possible,” he said. Perhaps they do. But for the rest of us, these dreams can get in the way of the issues that deserve our attention. 28.Which of the following statements correctly describes GPT-3? A．It is meant to monitor human’s neuron webs. B．It stores limitless data in its mathematical system. C．It can identify images and employ human language. D．It studies pictures and digital books to invent patterns. 29.In paragraph 3, the example of computer programmers is used to __________. A．illustrate GPT-3 is far from perfect B．warn programmers against technology C．show the process of slipping code into program D．explain why GPT-3 fails to find Mark Twain’s speeches 30.What does Dr. Gopnik think of the mathematical system of GPT-3? A．He finds it valuable because it maximizes the current technologies. B．He doubts its worth though it is remarkably similar to a human brain. C．He thinks highly of it because it plays a valuable role in A．I. research. D．He believes it will interrupt our thinking though it differs from science fiction. 31.What’s the author’s attitude towards A．I.? A．Enthusiastic. B．Opposed. C．Supportive. D．Unconcerned. 【答案】28.C 29.A 30.C 31.B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由旧金山的一个实验室OpenAI所展示的一个名为GPT-3的系统。这个系统被人工智能研究人员称为神经网络，它可以通过定位大量数字数据中的模式来学习技能。对此系统，不同的人发表了不同的看法。 28.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“By analyzing thousands of cat photos, for instance, it can learn to recognize a cat.(通过分析数千张猫的照片，它可以学会识别猫。)”和文章第二段“GPT-3 is an example. As it analyzed all that digital text, it built what you might call a mathematical map of human language — more than 175 billion data points that describe how we piece words together. Using this map, it can perform many different tasks, like penning speeches, writing computer programs and having a conversation.(GPT-3就是一个例子。当它分析所有的数字文本时，它就构建了一个你可以称之为人类语言的数学地图——超过1750亿个数据点，这些数据点描述了我们如何将单词组合在一起。使用这张地图，它可以执行许多不同的任务，如撰写演讲稿、编写计算机程序和进行对话。)”可知，GPT-3可以识别图像并使用人类语言。故选C。 29.推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句“But there are limitations.(但也有局限性。)”和“Computer programmers use the technology to create small snippets of code they can slip into larger programs, but more often than not they have to edit and adjust whatever it gives them.(计算机程序员使用这项技术来创建可以将其插入到更大的程序中的代码的小片段，但更多的时候，他们必须编辑和调整它给他们的任何内容。)”可知，GPT-3还是有局限性的，它创建的代码并不是完全正确的，还需要程序员亲自编辑和调整，这说明GPT-3远非完美。故选A。 30.细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Still, Dr. Gopnik described this kind of system as intelligent. ‘It is not intelligent in the way humans are. It is like an unfamiliar form of intelligence,’ he said. ‘But it still counts.’(尽管如此，Gopnik博士还是将这种系统描述为智能系统。他说：“它不像人类那样聪明。它就像一种不熟悉的智力形式。但它仍然很重要。”)”和第五段“Dr. Gopnik and many others in the field are confident that they are on a path to building a machine that can do anything the human brain can do. This confidence shines through when they discuss current technologies. (戈普尼克博士和该领域的许多其他人都相信，他们正在走上一条制造机器的道路，这种机器可以做人类大脑所能做的任何事情。当他们讨论当前的技术时，这种信心就会油然而生。)”可知，Dr. Gopnik高度评价了GPT-3这个系统，因为它在人工智能研究中发挥着重要作用。故选C。 31.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Perhaps they do. But for the rest of us, these dreams can get in the way of the issues that deserve our attention.(也许是这样。但对我们其他人来说，这些梦想可能会阻碍值得我们关注的问题。)”可知，在作者看来，尽管人工智能可以帮人类实现很多梦想，但同时也可能会阻碍那些值得我们关注的问题，所以对此持反对意见。故选B。 3.（23-24高二下·广东省茂名市·期末） Spending time outdoors, especially in green spaces, is one of the fastest ways to improve your health and happiness. It can lower stress, blood pressure and heart rate. Doctors are increasingly taking these findings seriously and using them to their patients. Now, a new study published in the International Journal of Environmental Health Research adds to the evidence and shows just how little time it takes to get the benefits of being outside. Spending just 20 minutes in a park — even if you don’t exercise while you’re there — is enough to improve well-being, according to the research. For the study, researchers surveyed 94 adults who visited one of three urban parks over the summer and fall. They were given fitness trackers to measure physical activity but were not told what to do in the park or how long to stay. Each person also answered questions about their life satisfaction and mood — which were used to calculate a subjective well-being score, with a maximum value of 55 — before and after their park visit. The average park visit lasted 32 minutes, and 30% of people engaged in at least moderate-intensity (中等强度) physical activity while there. Well-being scores rose during the park visit in 60% of people, with an average increase of about 1.5 points (from about 37 to 39). For many people in the study, simply being in green space seemed to be enough to make a change. The medical community is increasingly viewing green space as a place for their patients to gain physical and mental health benefits. Some physicians, like Dr. Robert Zarr, are even writing prescriptions (处方) for it. By writing nature prescriptions, physicians are encouraging their patients to get outdoors and take advantage of what many view to be free medicine. 28.What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Health. B．Happiness. C．Staying outdoors. D．Taking exercise. 29.What did the new study find? A．Being outside costs a lot. B．A 20-minute break in nature is beneficial. C．Exercise is enough to improve well-being. D．Spending time outdoors is the fastest way to improve happiness. 30.What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．The participants were recorded subjectively. B．The participants were recorded all the year round. C．The participants had to stay in the park for at least 20 minutes. D．The participants’ mood was calculated by their answering questions. 31.What does Dr. Robert Zarr think of spending time outdoors? A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Unconcerned. D．Unclear. 【答案】28.C 29.B 30.D 31.B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在户外，特别是在绿色空间度过时间对健康和幸福感的积极影响。通过引用新的研究成果和具体的数据，研究表明仅仅在公园待上20分钟就能显著改善人的福祉，强调了绿色空间在提升身心健康方面的重要作用。 28.词句猜测题。根据文章划线单词上一句“Spending time outdoors, especially in green spaces, is one of the fastest ways to improve your health and happiness.(花时间在户外，特别是在绿色空间，是改善你的健康和幸福的最快方法之一)”可推测，划线单词“it”代指的上文提到的“Spending time outdoors”。故选C。 29.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Now, a new study published in the International Journal of Environmental Health Research adds to the evidence and shows just how little time it takes to get the benefits of being outside. Spending just 20 minutes in a park—even if you don’t exercise while you’re there—is enough to improve well-being, according to the research.(现在，发表在《国际环境健康研究杂志》上的一项新研究进一步证明了这一点，并表明人们只需要很短的时间就能获得户外活动的好处。根据这项研究，在公园里呆上20分钟——即使你在公园里不运动——也足以改善你的幸福感)”可知，研究表明在公园里呆上20分钟足以改善你的幸福感。故选B。 30.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“For the study, researchers surveyed 94 adults who visited one of three urban parks over the summer and fall. They were given fitness trackers to measure physical activity but were not told what to do in the park or how long to stay. Each person also answered questions about their life satisfaction and mood—which were used to calculate a subjective well-being score, with a maximum value of 55—before and after their park visit.(在这项研究中，研究人员调查了94名成年人，他们在夏天和秋天参观了三个城市公园中的一个。研究人员给他们配备了健身追踪器来测量他们的身体活动，但不告诉他们在公园里做什么，也不告诉他们要待多久。每个人还回答了关于他们的生活满意度和情绪的问题，这些问题用于计算主观幸福感得分，最大值为55，在他们参观公园前后)”可知，每个参与者在访问公园前后都回答了关于生活满意度和情绪的问题，这些问题被用来计算主观幸福感得分。因此，我们可以得知参与者的情绪是通过他们回答的问题来计算的。故选D。 31.推理判断题。根据文章第五段“The medical community is increasingly viewing green space as a place for their patients to gain physical and mental health benefits. Some physicians, like Dr. Robert Zarr, are even writing prescriptions (处方) for it.(医学界越来越多地将绿地视为患者获得身心健康益处的地方。一些医生，如Robert Zarr博士，甚至为它开处方)”可知，Dr. Robert Zarr支持户外活动，并认为它对患者有益，因此他会开具处方鼓励患者去户外。故选B。 4.（23-24高二下·广东省佛山市·期末） Animal-like robots are popular. And yet, says Barbara Mazzolai, an Italian roboticist, the field of robotics is far less interested in exploring the other major category of living things — plants. She puts the unwillingness down to a misconception (误解) about the usefulness of plant behavior: that they are capable of neither motion nor perception (感知). “It’s not true at all,” she says. Dr. Mazzolai and her team recently created FiloBot, a robot based on climbing plants. Like the real thing. FiloBot is capable of growing, attaching to and wrapping itself around supports, and adapting itself to an environment in response to external stimuli. FiloBot imitates the behaviors of a climbing tree using sensors in its head which is also equipped with a layer of plastic and a heating element. By softening and extruding (挤压出) the plastic in a circular patter, it can 3D-print its own body at a rate of two to seven millimeters per minute. Depending on brightness and direction, it changes the heat that the plastic is exposed to — lower temperatures result in a lighter body that increases in size more quickly, while higher temperatures make it thicker and stronger and grow more slowly. The researchers found that these simple functionalities were enough to let FiloBot move through a complex and unseen environment, cross gaps and find things to attach to. The lack of heavy on-board computing hardware, they say, means that it moves easily and requires minimal monitoring, while its slow pace means that it doesn’t disturb things around it. They suppose that this makes it suitable for potential applications including environmental monitoring in hard-to-reach locations, or monitoring disaster sites where existing facilities is unstable. Dr. Mazzolai hopes that such projects will motivate other roboticists to draw inspiration from plants. The plant kingdom is a world, she says, with a completely different approach to the animal one. “And we can develop new technologies and artificial solutions, because it is so different.” 28.What leads to limited exploration of plant-like robots? A．The slow growth rate of plants. B．The lack of plant research capability. C．The misunderstanding of plant behavior. D．The difficulty of applying plant-like robots. 29.How does FiloBot grow? A．By pressing a motion sensor. B．By exposing itself to sunlight. C．By pushing out softened plastic. D．By controlling outside temperature. 30.What is the purpose of this text? A．To point out the value of robotics. B．To present a newly invented robot. C．To call for more research into robots. D．To correct a misconception about plants. 【答案】28.C 29.C 30.B 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了人们对于植物的误解，认为植物不能移动，不能感知外界，所以人们对于植物类机器人开发得很少。然而，意大利机器人学家芭芭拉·马佐莱认为植物可以感知外界，并以此为思路发明了机器人FiloBot，它可以在复杂的环境中移动，并监测周围环境，它的慢节奏移动也意味着它不会打扰周围的事物。 28.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“And yet, says Barbara Mazzolai, an Italian roboticist, the field of robotics is far less interested in exploring the other major category of living things — plants. She puts the unwillingness down to a misconception (误解) about the usefulness of plant behavior: that they are capable of neither motion nor perception (感知). (然而，意大利机器人专家芭芭拉·马佐莱说，机器人领域对探索生物的另一个主要类别——植物——的兴趣要小得多。她把这种不情愿归结为对植物行为有用性的误解：它们既不能运动也不能感知。)”可知，是因为对植物行为的误解导致了人们不愿意去开发植物机器人。故选C。 29.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“FiloBot imitates the behaviors of a climbing tree using sensors in its head which is also equipped with a layer of plastic and a heating element. By softening and extruding (挤压出) the plastic in a circular patter, it can 3D-print its own body at a rate of two to seven millimeters per minute. (FiloBot通过头部的传感器模仿爬树的行为，该传感器还配备了一层塑料和加热元件。通过将塑料软化并挤压成圆形，它可以以每分钟2到7毫米的速度3D打印自己的身体。)”可知，FiloBot通过塑料软化并挤压成为圆形，促进生长。故选C。 30.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Dr. Mazzolai and her team recently created FiloBot, a robot based on climbing plants. Like the real thing. FiloBot is capable of growing, attaching to and wrapping itself around supports, and adapting itself to an environment in response to external stimuli. (马佐莱博士和她的团队最近创造了一种基于攀缘植物的机器人FiloBot。就像真的一样。FiloBot能够生长，附着在支撑物上，并将自己包裹在支撑物周围，并根据外部刺激使自己适应环境。)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍一项新发明的机器人。故选B。 5.（23-24高二下·广东省番禺区·期末） A blue hole is a flooded sea cave with a hole that opens up at the land’s surface. These cave systems form in carbonate rock, often on islands. Far below sea level they contain some of the toughest environments on Earth, with no oxygen and no light. Yet these areas are filled with life forms that have adapted to the extreme conditions. Blue holes get their name from the color that some cave holes have when seen from the air. The color is usually a reflection of the sky on the water. But not all of these cave  systems have blue surfaces. Some contain dark or muddy water. They have several layers (层) of water, chemicals and bacteria. The top layer of freshwater comes from rainfall. This layer acts like a cap on top of the layered mixture and keeps out oxygen from the atmosphere. The fresh water floats on a denser (密度大的) layer of saltwater. Underneath this is a layer of poisonous hydrogen sulfide, produced by bacteria living in the water. Underneath this layer is an anoxic seawater—water that does not contain any oxygen. Kenny Broad is an anthropologist at the University of Miami in Florida. He has spent several years exploring underwater caves in the Bahamas. He says, “Underwater caves are probably one of the least understood ecosystems on the planet. One of the reasons is that you still physically have to go there, you can’t send in a submarine (潜水艇) or a mode operated vehicle, some autonomous machine. You need to go there.” There are many safety rules that divers must follow to help ensure their survival. First, divers must have training and experience to swim in these caves. Divers who explore a cave for the first time must establish a thin rope called a guideline. This line helps them to safely enter and exit the cave without getting lost. Divers must also bring several light sources in case one fails. They also must bring more than one set of breathing equipment in case one device fails. And, they must pay careful attention to their air supply as well. 28.What do we learn about blue holes? A．They are blue seen from the air. B．They have severe conditions. C．They contain oxygen and light. D．They do not have life forms. 29.What is “Hydrogen sulfide” in paragraph 3 in a blue hole? A．Liquid. B．Gas C．Solid D．Bacteria 30.What does Kenny Broad think of the caves? A．Poisonous. B．Autonomous. C．Mysterious. D．Unreachable. 31.What is essential to new cave divers according to the last paragraph? A．A guideline. B．Food sources. C．Water supply. D．Swimming suits. 【答案】28.B 29.B 30.C 31.A 【解析】 【导语】本文体裁为说明文。文章主要介绍了蓝洞的形成、特点、内部结构、探索挑战以及对潜水者的安全要求。 28.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的“These cave systems form in carbonate rock, often on islands. Far below sea level they contain some of the toughest environments on Earth, with no oxygen and no light. Yet these areas are filled with life forms that have adapted to the extreme conditions. (这些洞穴系统形成于碳酸盐岩中，通常在岛屿上。远低于海平面的地方有着地球上最艰苦的环境，没有氧气也没有光线。)”可知，蓝洞是在地下的洞穴系统，含有极端的环境，没有氧气也没有光。因它们有严峻的条件。故选B。 29.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的“The fresh water floats on a denser (密度大的) layer of saltwater. Underneath this is a layer of poisonous (淡水漂浮在密度更大的咸水层上。下面是一层有毒的)”、“produced by bacteria living in the water (是由生活在水中的细菌产生的)”可知，hydrogen sulfide是一种由生活在水中的细菌产生的有毒物质，由于它由细菌产生，因此最合理的推断是它是一种气体。A. Liquid液体；B. Gas气体；C. Solid固体；D. Bacteria细菌。故选B。 30.推理判断题。由文章第四段“Kenny Broad is an anthropologist at the University of Miami in Florida. He has spent several years exploring underwater caves in the Bahamas. He says, “Underwater caves are probably one of the least understood ecosystems on the planet. One of the reasons is that you still physically have to go there, you can’t send in a submarine (潜水艇) or a mode operated vehicle, some autonomous machine. You need to go there.” (肯尼·布罗德是佛罗里达州迈阿密大学的人类学家。他花了几年时间探索巴哈马群岛的水下洞穴。他说：“水下洞穴可能是地球上最不为人所知的生态系统之一。其中一个原因是，你仍然需要亲自去那里，你不能派出潜艇或模式操作的车辆，一些自动机器。你需要去那里。”)”可知，肯尼·布罗德认为水下洞穴可能是地球上最少被了解的生态系统之一，这表明他认为这些洞穴是神秘的。故选C。 31.细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“Divers who explore a cave for the first time must establish a thin rope called a guideline. This line helps them to safely enter and exit the cave without getting lost. (第一次探索洞穴的潜水员必须准备一根细绳，叫做指导向绳。这条线帮助它们安全进出洞穴而不会迷路。)”可知，对新洞穴潜水员来说，准备一条称为导向绳的细绳是必要的，这能帮助他们安全进出洞穴而不迷路。故选A。 6.（23-24高二下·广东省惠州市·期末） Rena, 18 months, is a baby worker at a Japanese nursing home, hired to brighten the days of residents whose own grandchildren may rarely visit. The infants’ (婴儿) presences meant to ease the loneliness that can come with growing older, especially in the rapidly ageing nation where a third of the population is over 65. The nursing home’s director, Kimie Gondo, came up with the idea of baby workers three years ago when her own newborn granddaughter was visiting and she saw how happy it made the residents. The nursing home now has about 70 baby workers strolling around the nursing home with their parents, mostly mothers. Rena and her colleagues are paid in diapers (纸尿裤) and ice cream. But those are not the only rewards. “Here she gets to interact with kids her age and also with grandfathers and grandmothers who are a bit more difficult to come across,” said Shinohara, Rena’s mother,who called the nursing home residents “great life teachers”. Rena and her small colleagues work flexible hours but they don't have long in the business-having to retire before the age of three. A key requirement for the toddlers is that they should speak as little as possible. That’s because older people can struggle to speak and communicate, especially if they have cognitive impairment (认知障碍),” In order to communicate on the same level,words are unnecessary,” she added. For nursing home residents, Gondo said, the visits from toddlers provide the common experience of family members from multiple generations living under the same roof. “Even if they enter a facility like this, they should be able to interact with people from various age groups on a daily basis,” she said. “I think that’s only natural.” 28.Why does Kimie Gondo carry out her idea in the nursing home? A．To provide jobs for mothers. B．To prevent the elderly from ageing. C．To amuse grandchildren during visits. D．To promote the well-being of residents. 29.What’s the extra benefit for the baby workers according to Shinohara? A．Tasty snacks. B．Parent-kid relationship. C．Daily essentials. D．Interpersonal experience. 30.Why is there a restriction on retiring age of baby workers? A．Words might lessen the effect. B．Flexible hours could be guaranteed. C．Cognitive Impairment could be avoided. D．Over-aged workers have low language levels. 31.Which can be the best title of this passage? A．Babies helping remove cognitive barriers B．Babies replacing caregivers in nursing homes C．Baby workers tackling loneliness of the elderly D．Baby workers running a Japanese nursing home 【答案】28.D 29.D 30.A 31.C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了日本一家养老院雇佣婴儿工人来陪伴老年人，以缓解他们的孤独感，提高生活质量。 28.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Rena, 18 months, is a baby worker at a Japanese nursing home, hired to brighten the days of residents whose own grandchildren may rarely visit. The infants’ presences meant to ease the loneliness that can come with growing older, especially in the rapidly ageing nation where a third of the population is over 65.(18个月大的Rena是日本一家养老院的婴儿工，她的工作是让那些自己的孙子孙女很少来看望的老人的日子变得愉快。这些婴儿的存在是为了缓解随着年龄增长而带来的孤独感，尤其是在这个快速老龄化的国家，三分之一的人口超过65岁。)”和文章第二段“The nursing home’s director, Kimie Gondo, came up with the idea of baby workers three years ago when her own newborn granddaughter was visiting and she saw how happy it made the residents.(这家养老院的负责人Kimie Gondo三年前在她刚出生的孙女来探望她的时候想到了保姆的想法，她看到这个想法让养老院的老人非常高兴。)”可推知，Kimie Gondo在养老院实施她的想法是为了促进居民的幸福。故选D。 29.推理判断题。根据文章第三段““Here she gets to interact with kids her age and also with grandfathers and grandmothers who are a bit more difficult to come across,” said Shinohara, Rena’s mother, who called the nursing home residents “great life teachers”.(Rena的母亲 Shinohara说：“在这里，她可以和同龄的孩子互动，也可以和不太容易遇到的爷爷奶奶们交流。”她称养老院的居民为“很棒的人生导师”。)”可知，婴儿工人可以获得与不同年龄层次的人交往的经验，即人际交往经验。故选D。 30.推理判断题。根据文章第四段“A key requirement for the toddlers is that they should speak as little as possible. That’s because older people can struggle to speak and communicate, especially if they have cognitive impairment (认知障碍),” In order to communicate on the same level,words are unnecessary,” she added.(对于幼儿来说，一个关键的要求是他们应该尽量少说话。这是因为老年人可能难以说话和交流，特别是如果他们有认知障碍，”她补充道，“为了在同一层面上交流，语言并不是必需的。”)”可知，婴儿工人有退休年龄限制的原因是语言可能会影响效果。故选A。 31.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Rena, 18 months, is a baby worker at a Japanese nursing home, hired to brighten the days of residents whose own grandchildren may rarely visit. The infants’ presences meant to ease the loneliness that can come with growing older, especially in the rapidly ageing nation where a third of the population is over 65.(18个月大的Rena是日本一家养老院的婴儿工，她的工作是让那些自己的孙子孙女很少来看望的老人的日子变得愉快。这些婴儿的存在是为了缓解随着年龄增长而带来的孤独感，尤其是在这个快速老龄化的国家，三分之一的人口超过65岁。)以及结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了日本一家养老院雇佣婴儿工人来陪伴老年人，以缓解他们的孤独感，提高生活质量。由此可知，C项：Baby workers tackling loneliness of the elderly(婴儿工人解决老年人的孤独问题)是最好的标题。故选C。 话题三：人与自我 1.（23-24高二下·广东省揭阳市·期末） Desperately ill and seeking a miracle, David Bennett Sr. took the last bet on Jan. 7. when be became the first human to be successfully transplanted with the heart of a pig. “It creates the beat; it creates the pressure; it is his heart,” declared Bartley Griffith, director of the surgical team that performed the operation at the University of Maryland Medical Center. Bennett, 57, held on through 60 tomorrows, far longer than any previous patient who’d received a heart from another species. His remarkable run offered new hope that such procedures, known as xenotransplantation (异种移植), could help relieve the shortage of replacement organs, saving thousands of lives each year. The earliest attempts at xenotransplantation of organs, involving kidneys from rabbits, goats, and other animals, occurred in the early 20th century, decades before the first successful human-to-human transplants. Rejection, which occurs when the recipient’s body system recognizes the donor organ as a foreign object and attacks it, followed within hours or days. Results improved after some special drugs arrived in the 1960s, but most recipients still died after a few weeks. The record for a heart xenotransplant was set in 1983, when an infant named Baby Fae survived for 20 days with an organ from a baboon (狒狒). In recent years, however, advances in gene editing have opened a new possibility: re-edit some genes in animals to provide user-friendly spare parts. Pigs could be ideal for this purpose, because they’re easy to raise and reach adult human size in months. Some biotech companies. including Revivicor, are investing heavily in the field. The donor pig was offered by Revivicor from a line of animals in which 10 genes had been re-edited to improve the heart’s condition. Beyond that, the pig was raised in isolation and tested regularly for viruses that could infect humans or damage the organ itself. This medical breakthrough provided an alternative for the 20% of patients on the heart transplant waiting list who die while waiting or become too sick to be a good candidate. 28.What does the underlined word “run” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Donating his heart to a patient. B．Performing the heart operation. C．Living for 60 days after the operation. D．Receiving a new heart from a pig. 29.Which aspect of xenotransplantation does paragraph 3 mainly focus on? A．Its history. B．Its procedure. C．Its consequence. D．Its significance. 30.What makes pigs ideal for providing spare parts in xenotransplantation? A．Their growth rate and health condition. B．Their life pattern and resistance to viruses. C．Their easiness of keeping and rapid growth. D．Their investment value and natural qualities. 31.Why was Bennett’s operation regarded as a breakthrough? A．It introduced new medications to prevent organ rejection. B．It proved the potential for using organs from various animals. C．It guaranteed a sufficient supply of donor pigs for transplants. D．It offered a prospect of replacement organs through gene editing. 【答案】28.C 29.A 30.C 31.D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了第一个成功移植猪心脏的人，他坚持了60天，比以往任何接受过其他物种心脏移植的病人都要长得多。他的出色表现给人们带来了新的希望，即，这种被称为异种移植的手术可以帮助缓解替代器官的短缺，每年挽救数千人的生命。这一医学突破为心脏移植等待名单上20%的患者提供了另一种选择。 28.词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Bennett, 57, held on through 60 tomorrows, far longer than any previous patient who’d received a heart from another species. His remarkable run offered new hope that such procedures, known as xenotransplantation, could help relieve the shortage of replacement organs, saving thousands of lives each year.(57岁的贝内特坚持了60个明天，比以往任何接受过其他物种心脏移植的病人都要长得多。他的出色表现给人们带来了新的希望，即这种被称为异种移植的手术可以帮助缓解替代器官的短缺，每年挽救数千人的生命)”可知，His remarkable run指的是上文提到的“57岁的贝内特坚持了60个明天”，即手术后活了60天。故选C。 29.主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“The earliest attempts at xenotransplantation of organs, involving kidneys from rabbits, goats, and other animals, occurred in the early 20th century, decades before the first successful human-to-human transplants. Rejection, which occurs when the recipient’s body system recognizes the donor organ as a foreign object and attacks it, followed within hours or days. Results improved after some special drugs arrived in the 1960s, but most recipients still died after a few weeks. The record for a heart xenotransplant was set in 1983, when an infant named Baby Fae survived for 20 days with an organ from a baboon.( 最早的异种器官移植尝试发生在20世纪初，涉及兔子、山羊和其他动物的肾脏，比第一次成功的人对人移植早了几十年。当受者的身体系统将供体器官识别为异物并对其进行攻击时，就会发生排异反应，排异反应会在数小时或数天内发生。20世纪60年代，一些特殊药物问世后，效果有所改善，但大多数接受者仍在几周后死亡。异种心脏移植的记录是在1983年创造的，当时一个名叫“费伊宝宝”(Baby Fae)的婴儿用狒狒的器官存活了20天)”可知，第三段主要介绍了异种移植的历史。故选A。 30.细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Pigs could be ideal for this purpose, because they’re easy to raise and reach adult human size in months.(猪可能是这个目的的理想选择，因为它们很容易饲养，几个月内就能达到成年人的体型)”可知，猪易养且生长速度快，是异种移植的理想供给品。故选C。 31.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In recent years, however, advances in gene editing have opened a new possibility: re-edit some genes in animals to provide user-friendly spare parts.(然而，近年来，基因编辑的进步开辟了一种新的可能性：重新编辑动物的一些基因，以提供用户友好的备件)”及最后一段“This medical breakthrough provided an alternative for the 20% of patients on the heart transplant waiting list who die while waiting or become too sick to be a good candidate.(这一医学突破为20%在心脏移植等待名单上的患者提供了另一种选择，这些患者在等待期间死亡或因病情严重而无法成为良好的候选者)”可推知，贝内特的手术被认为是一个突破，因为它提供了通过基因编辑替代器官的前景。故选D。 2.（23-24高二下·广东省华附 省实 广雅 深中四校·期末） Handwriting notes in class might seem old-fashioned as digital technology affects nearly every aspect of learning. But a recent study in Frontiers in Psychology suggests that taking notes with pen and paper is still the best way to learn, especially for young children. The new research builds on a 2014 study that suggested people may type notes quickly, without thinking much about what they’re writing-but writing by hand is slower and makes them actively pay attention to and process the incoming information. This conscious action of building on existing knowledge can make it easier for students to stay engaged and grasp new concepts. To understand specific brain-activity differences during the two note-taking approaches, the authors of the new study sewed 256 electrodes (电极) into a hairnet. These sensors let the scientists record 36 students’ brain activity as they wrote or typed words displayed on a screen. When students wrote by hand, the sensors picked up widespread brain connectivity throughout visual regions that receive and process sensory information, and the motor cortex (运动皮层) that helps the brain use environmental inputs to inform a person’s next action. Typing, however, resulted in minimal activity in these brain regions. Vanderbilt University educational neuroscientist Sophia Vinci-Booher says the recent study highlights the clear tie between physical actions and concept understanding, “As you’re writing a word, you’re taking this continuous understanding of something and using motor system to create it.” That creation then affects the visual system, where it’s processed again-strengthening the connection between an action and the words associated with it. Vinci-Booher notes that the new findings don’t mean technology is always a disadvantage in the classroom. Digital devices can be more efficient for writing essays and offer more equal access to educational resources. However, there’s a growing trend of relying on digital devices to perform cognitive (认知的) tasks, such as taking photos instead of memorizing information. Yadurshana Sivashankar, an researcher at the University of Waterloo says, “If we’re not actively using these areas, then they are going to become worse over time, whether it’s memory or motor skills.” 28.Why does the author mention the 2014 study? A．To present different research findings. B．To make the new research more convincing. C．To compare two note taking approaches. D．To show the advantage of writing slowly. 29.What can be learned from the experiment in Paragraph 3? A．Sensors were used to process visual information. B．Electrodes were connected to students’ hair directly. C．Writing by hand activated more brain activity than typing. D．Typing stimulated the motor cortex to inform following action. 30.What would Sophia Vinci-Booher probably advise students to do? A．Make better use of motor system. B．Take advantage of digital devices. C．Adopt a new approach to taking notes. D．Memorize words by writing essays. 31.What is the main idea of the text? A．Technology is not a disadvantage in classroom. B．Writing by hand comes with learning benefits. C．Taking notes enhances students’ brain activity. D．Two note-taking approaches have clear differences. 【答案】28.B 29.C 30.D 31.B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究表明手写笔记能增强学习效果，尤其是对儿童而言。手写可激活大脑视觉和运动区域，促进信息加工与概念理解，优于键盘输入。然而科技在教育中仍有其价值，关键在于平衡使用。 28.推理判断题。根据第二段“The new research builds on a 2014 study that suggested people may type notes quickly, without thinking much about what they’re writing-but writing by hand is slower and makes them actively pay attention to and process the incoming information. (这项新的研究建立在2014年的一项研究的基础上，该研究表明，人们可能会快速打字，而不会过多考虑自己在写什么，但手写速度较慢，会让他们积极关注和处理收到的信息。)”可知，新的研究建立在2014年的研究的基础上，所以作者提及2014年的研究是为了让新的研究更具说服力。故选B项。 29.细节理解题。根据第三段“When students wrote by hand, the sensors picked up widespread brain connectivity throughout visual regions that receive and process sensory information, and the motor cortex (运动皮层) that helps the brain use environmental inputs to inform a person’s next action. Typing, however, resulted in minimal activity in these brain regions. (当学生用手写字时，传感器在接收和处理感官信息的视觉区域以及帮助大脑利用环境输入来通知一个人下一步行动的运动皮层中发现了广泛的大脑连接。然而，打字导致这些大脑区域的活动极小。)”可知，手写可以激活大脑更广泛区域的活动，相比之下，打字只在这些区域产生了最小的活动，由此可知，手写比打字更能激活大脑活动。故选C项。 30.推理判断题。根据第四段“Vanderbilt University educational neuroscientist Sophia Vinci-Booher says the recent study highlights the clear tie between physical actions and concept understanding, “As you’re writing a word, you’re taking this continuous understanding of something and using motor system to create it.” That creation then affects the visual system, where it’s processed again-strengthening the connection between an action and the words associated with it. (范德比尔特大学教育神经科学家Sophia Vinci Booher表示，最近的研究强调了身体动作和概念理解之间的明确联系，“当你写一个单词时，你正在对某物进行持续的理解，并使用运动系统来创造它。”然后，这种创造会影响视觉系统，在视觉系统中，它被再次处理，加强了动作与相关单词之间的联系。)”可知，Sophia Vinci Booher认为写单词可以增进持续的理解，所以Sophia Vinci Booher可能会建议学生通过写文章来记忆单词。故选D项。 31.主旨大意题。根据第一段“But a recent study in Frontiers in Psychology suggests that taking notes with pen and paper is still the best way to learn, especially for young children. (但《心理学前沿》最近的一项研究表明，用笔和纸做笔记仍然是最好的学习方式，尤其是对儿童来说。)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了手写笔记能增强学习效果，有助于学习。故选B项。 3.（23-24高二下·广东省中山市·期末） When you look at the public maps of the seafloor, you can get the impression that the job of mapping the planet is over. However, far from it. Even these seemingly precise representations, often based on satellite estimates of ocean depths, are not particularly revealing. They’re rather like throwing a wet blanket over a table set for a fancy dinner party. You might see the outlines of a big table surrounded by a dozen chairs, perhaps some drinking glasses if the blanket’s really wet. But that’s about it. You wouldn’t see the plates, let alone what’s for dinner. Satellite data, in other words, only give a rough idea of what lies beneath the sea. That’s why exploration and mapping, and making the data open source, would be necessary for the betterment of all citizens, not just in economic terms but in opportunities for unexpected discoveries. In one way or another I’ve been exploring and mapping the ocean since 1967. In 2013 I mounted the latest multi-beam sonar (多波束声纳) on Nautilus, a large ship operated by the Ocean Exploration Trust, the nonprofit education and research organization I founded. The set of instruments can make highly accurate 3-D maps, detect if the seafloor is hard or soft, and can even discover oil and gas in the water column. One of our standout missions included surveys over natural gas seeps (渗漏) in the Gulf of Mexico, where Nautilus mapped the wreck (残骸) of the U-166, the only German U-boat known to be sunk during World War II. All in all, Nautilus has helped us map nearly 40,000 square miles of seafloor—a vast area the size of Kentucky, but a drop in the bucket compared with what’s left to do. Next year’s expeditions include trips south of the Equator for the first time, where the ocean covers more than 80 percent of the area and where few other explorers have ever been. 28.What can we infer from paragraph 2? A．It is not necessary to map the planet. B．There is a wet blanket on the dinner table. C．Satellite data give a general picture of the ocean. D．We know exactly what is happening under the sea. 29.What do we know about “Nautilus”? A．It has been to the Gulf of Mexico. B．It is operated by the author himself. C．It discovered a new type of marine life. D．It was originally built for military purposes. 30.What does the underlined phrase “a drop in the bucket” in paragraph 5 imply? A．Kentucky covers a big area. B．A lot of areas are still unmapped. C．Nautilus has made great contributions. D．The previous expeditions are insignificant. 31.What is probably the author? A．An official. B．A detective. C．An explorer. D．A businessman. 【答案】28.C 29.A 30.B 31.C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了绘制地球的地图不是一件容易的事情，虽然我们有了卫星数据，但是仍然有很多的海洋未被涉及，未被了解，所以还需要我们继续去探索。 28.推理判断题。根据第二段“Satellite data, in other words, only give a rough idea of what lies beneath the sea.(换句话说，卫星数据只能大致了解海底的情况)”可知，卫星数据提供了海洋的大致情况。故选C。 29.细节理解题。根据第四段“One of our standout missions included surveys over natural gas seeps (渗漏) in the Gulf of Mexico, where Nautilus mapped the wreck (残骸) of the U-166, the only German U-boat known to be sunk during World War II.(我们的一项杰出任务包括调查墨西哥湾的天然气渗漏，Nautilus在那里绘制了U-166的残骸图，U-166是已知的唯一一艘在第二次世界大战期间沉没的德国U型潜艇)”可知，Nautilus去过墨西哥湾。故选A。 30.词句猜测题。根据第五段“All in all, Nautilus has helped us map nearly 40,000 square miles of seafloor—a vast area the size of Kentucky, but a drop in the bucket compared with what’s left to do. Next year’s expeditions include trips south of the Equator for the first time, where the ocean covers more than 80 percent of the area and where few other explorers have ever been.(总而言之，Nautilus已经帮助我们绘制了近40000平方英里的海底地图，这是一个相当于肯塔基州大小的广阔区域，但与剩下的工作相比只是a drop in the bucket。明年的探险包括首次前往赤道以南，那里的海洋覆盖了80%以上的面积，几乎没有其他探险家去过)”可知，Nautilus已经绘制了近40000平方英里的海底地图，但还有极多的海洋面积几乎没有探险家去过，没有绘制过地图，推测划线短语表示“许多地区仍未绘制地图”。故选B。 31.推理判断题。根据第四段“In one way or another I’ve been exploring and mapping the ocean since 1967. In 2013 I mounted the latest multi-beam sonar (多波束声纳) on Nautilus, a large ship operated by the Ocean Exploration Trust, the nonprofit education and research organization I founded.(自1967年以来，我一直在以某种方式探索和绘制海洋地图。2013年，我在Nautilus号上安装了最新的多波束声纳，这是一艘由我创立的非营利教育和研究组织海洋探索信托运营的大型船只)”可知，作者一直在探索和绘制海洋地图，由此可知，作者是一个探险家。故选C。 D 话题一：人与社会 1.（23-24高二下·广东省惠州市·期末） Children exposed to videos by caregivers for their calming or “babysitting” benefits tended to use phrases and sentences with fewer words. A new study from Southern Methodist University psychologist Sarah Kucker and colleagues reveals that passive video use among children can negatively affect language development, but their caregiver’s motivations for exposing them to digital media could also lessen the impact. Published in the journal Acta Paediatrica, the study involved 302 caregivers of children between 17 and 30 months. Caregivers answered questions about their child’s words, sentences, and how much time they spend on different media activities each day. Those activities included video/TV, video games, video chat, and e-books, with caregivers explaining why they use each activity with their child. Print book reading was also compared. Researchers looked at the amount of media use and the reasons provided by caregivers for their children’s media use. These factors were then compared to the children’s vocabulary and length using two or more words together. The research reveals a negative association between high levels of digital media watching and children’s vocabulary development. However, the negative impact on language skills was lessened when videos were used for educational purposes or to foster social connections-such as through video chats with family members. Kucker acknowledges that parents often use digital media to occupy children while they complete tasks. She suggests that caregivers need to consider what kind of videos and how much their children are watching, and whether they can interact with them during this period. Future research by Kucker and her colleagues will continue to explore the types of videos young children watch, how they use screens with others, and how that impacts language development. 32.What is the potential impact of being exposed to videos by caregivers on children? A．It enhances their vocabulary development. B．It has no significant effect on their language skills. C．It leads to the use of shorter phrases and sentences. D．It encourages them to read print books more often. 33.What do paragraph 2 and 3 tell us about the study? A．Its research process. B．Its theoretical basis. C．Its underlying logic. D．Its scientific evidence. 34.Under what circumstance can the negative impact be lessened? A．When children focus on tasks. B．When children get involved in the content. C．When videos serve as entertainment. D．When videos aid learning and bond building. 35.What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To point out the significance of the study. B．To bring out the focus of follow-up studies. C．To present the practical application of the findings. D．To discuss other affecting factors of babies’ growth. 【答案】32.C 33.A 34.D 35.B 【解析】 【导语】本文体裁为说明文。文章基于一项关于儿童观看视频与其语言发展之间关系的研究，介绍了研究方法、结果及对未来研究方向的展望。 32.细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Children exposed to videos by caregivers for their calming or “babysitting” benefits tended to use phrases and sentences with fewer words. (为了安抚情绪或“照顾”孩子而观看由看护人提供的视频的儿童倾向于使用词汇较少的短语和句子。)”可知，由看护者为了让婴儿安静或起到临时照看作用而让他们接触视频的孩子倾向于使用更少词汇的短语和句子。故选C。 33.主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Published in the journal Acta Paediatrica, the study involved 302 caregivers of children between 17 and 30 months. Caregivers answered questions about their child’s words, sentences, and how much time they spend on different media activities each day. Those activities included video/TV, video games, video chat, and e-books, with caregivers explaining why they use each activity with their child. Print book reading was also compared. (这项研究发表在《儿科学报》杂志上，涉及302名17至30个月大儿童的看护人。照顾者回答了关于孩子的单词、句子以及他们每天花在不同媒体活动上的时间的问题。这些活动包括视频/电视、视频游戏、视频聊天和电子书，看护人解释了他们为什么和孩子一起做这些活动。也比较了纸质书的阅读情况。)”和第三段“Researchers looked at the amount of media use and the reasons provided by caregivers for their children’s media use. These factors were then compared to the children’s vocabulary and length using two or more words together. (研究人员调查了孩子们使用媒体的数量，以及照顾者为孩子使用媒体提供的原因。然后将这些因素与孩子们的词汇量和使用两个或两个以上单词的长度进行比较。)”可知，这两段详细介绍了研究的实施过程，包括参与研究的儿童看护者的数量、他们需要回答的问题内容、涉及的媒体活动类型，以及研究人员如何比较和分析这些因素对孩子词汇发展的影响。故选A。 34.细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“However, the negative impact on language skills was lessened when videos were used for educational purposes or to foster social connections-such as through video chats with family members. (然而，当视频用于教育目的或促进社会联系时（例如通过与家人视频聊天），对语言技能的负面影响就会减少。)”可知，当视频用于教育目的或促进社交联系时（如与家庭成员进行视频聊天），对语言技能的负面影响会减轻。故选D。 35.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Future research by Kucker and her colleagues will continue to explore the types of videos young children watch, how they use screens with others, and how that impacts language development. (Kucker和她的同事们未来的研究将继续探索幼儿观看的视频类型，他们如何与他人一起使用屏幕，以及这对语言发展的影响。)”可知，其目的是介绍后续研究的重点方向，即继续探索儿童观看的视频类型、他们如何与他人共用屏幕，以及这对语言发展的影响。故选B。 2.（23-24高二下·广东省番禺区·期末） Traditional theories have assumed that in language development, acquiring phonetic (语音的) information means learning to produce and understand these different sounds and recognizing how they form words and convey meaning. Babies were believed to learn these individual sound elements to construct words. However, recent research suggests a different approach to understanding how babies learn languages. “We believe that speech rhythm (节奏) information is the hidden glue supporting the development of a well-functioning language system,”  said study co-author Usha Goswami. To understand whether that was the case, the researchers had 50 babies at 4, 7 and11 months old watch a video of a primary school teacher singing 18 nursery rhymes. In a carefully controlled environment, the baby participants were presented with 18nursery rhymes played via video recordings. These rhymes, sung by a native English speaker, were selected carefully to cover a range of phonetic features. The sounds were delivered at a consistent volume. Then the researchers used a method called EEG, which involved placing a soft cap with sensors on each baby's head to measure their brainwaves. The brainwave data was then analyzed to obtain the phonological information, allowing the researchers to create a “readout” of how the babies’ brains were processing the different sounds in the nursery rhymes. Contrary to what was previously thought, the researchers found that babies don't process individual speech sounds reliably until they're about 7 months old. Even at 11 months old, when many babies start to say their first words, the processing of these sounds is still rare. However, rhythmic speech information was processed by the babies as early as 2 months old, and this processing predicted later language outcomes. The study stresses the importance of parents talking and singing to their babies, using rhythmic speech patterns. The study opens up new ways for exploring how early speech processing relates to language disorders. This could be particularly significant in understanding and potentially handling these conditions early in life. However, the research focused on a specific group of babies without developmental disorders, mainly from an English-speaking environment. Future research could look into how babies from different backgrounds, or those with developmental challenges, process speech. 32.What is the key to language learning according to the recent study? A．The formation of the words. B．The individual speech sounds. C．The meanings of single words. D．The speech rhythm information. 33.What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The ages of the subjects. B．The features of the subjects. C．The result of the research. D．The process of the research. 34.What is the suggestion for parents with 2-month-old babies in paragraph 4? A．Singing nursery rhymes. B．Saying academic words. C．Using complex sentences. D．Teaching individual sounds. 35.What should future study focus on? A．Improving the learning environment. B．Increasing the diversity of the subjects. C．Finding a cure for babies with disorders. D．Analyzing features of perfect speech. 【答案】32.D 33.D 34.A 35.B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，探讨了婴儿语言学习的关键因素。传统理论认为，语言发展中的语音信息获取意味着学会产生和理解不同的声音，并识别它们如何构成单词和传达意义。然而，最近的研究表明，语言节奏信息可能是支持语言系统良好发展的隐藏粘合剂。 32.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“We believe that speech rhythm (节奏) information is the hidden glue supporting the development of a well-functioning language system (我们相信，语音节奏信息是支持良好运作语言系统发展的潜在粘合剂)”可知，最新研究认为语言学习的核心是语言节奏信息。故选D项。 33.主旨大意题。根据第三段“To understand whether that was the case, the researchers had 50 babies at 4, 7 and 11 months old watch a video of a primary school teacher singing 18 nursery rhymes. In a carefully controlled environment, the baby participants were presented with 18 nursery rhymes played via video recordings. These rhymes, sung by a native English speaker, were selected carefully to cover a range of phonetic features. The sounds were delivered at a consistent volume. Then the researchers used a method called EEG, which involved placing a soft cap with sensors on each baby's head to measure their brainwaves. The brainwave data was then analyzed to obtain the phonological information, allowing the researchers to create a “readout” of how the babies’ brains were processing the different sounds in the nursery rhymes. (为了了解是否确实如此，研究人员让50名4个月、7个月和11个月大的婴儿观看一位小学教师唱18首儿歌的视频。在严格控制的环境中，婴儿参与者通过视频录像听到了18首儿歌。这些由以英语为母语的人演唱的儿歌经过精心挑选，涵盖了一系列语音特征。声音以一致的音量播放。然后，研究人员使用了一种名为EEG的方法，该方法涉及在每个婴儿的头上放置一个带有传感器的软帽，以测量他们的脑电波。随后分析了脑电波数据，以获得音系信息，从而使研究人员能够创建出婴儿大脑如何处理儿歌中不同声音的“读出”。)”可知，第三段描述了研究者如何通过视频让不同月龄的婴儿观看老师唱童谣，并通过EEG方法测量他们的脑波，以获取音韵信息，从而了解婴儿大脑如何处理童谣中的不同声音。因此，这一段主要介绍了研究的过程。故选D项。 34.细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“The study stresses the importance of parents talking and singing to their babies, using rhythmic speech patterns. (这项研究强调了父母与婴儿交谈和唱歌的重要性，使用有节奏的语言模式。)”可知，研究强调父母应该用有节奏的语言模式与婴儿交谈和唱歌，对于2个月大的婴儿，父母可以通过唱童谣来刺激语言学习。故选A项。 35.推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, the research focused on a specific group of babies without developmental disorders, mainly from an English-speaking environment. Future research could look into how babies from different backgrounds, or those with developmental challenges, process speech. (然而，这项研究主要关注了一个特定的没有发展障碍的婴儿群体，他们主要来自讲英语的环境。未来的研究可以探讨来自不同背景的婴儿，或者那些有发展挑战的婴儿，是如何处理语音的。)”可知，目前的研究集中在没有发展障碍、主要来自英语环境的特定婴儿群体上。未来的研究可以探讨来自不同背景或具有发展挑战的婴儿如何处理语言。因此，未来的研究应该关注增加研究对象的多样性。故选B项。 3.（23-24高二下·广东省肇庆市·期末） According to a recent study, individuals born in the 1970s exhibited brain volumes (容量) that were 6.6% larger and brain surface areas nearly 15% greater than those of people born in the 1930s. “The decade someone is born appears to impact brain size and potentially long-term brain health,” said Charles DeCarli, first author of the study. “Genetic (遗传) factors play a major role in determining brain size, but our findings indicate external influences — such as health, social, cultural, and educational factors — may also play a role.” The researchers used brain MRIs (磁共振成像) from participants. The MRIs were conducted between 1999 and 2019 with participants born during the 1930s through the 1970s. The brain study consisted of 3,226 participants (53% female, 47%male) with an average age of about 57 at the time of the examination. The research compared the MRIs of people born in the 1930s to those born in the 1970s. It found gradual but consistent increases in several brain structures. For example, a measure that looked at brain volumes showed steady increases decade by decade. For participants born in the 1930s, the average volume was 1,234 milliliters, but for those in the 1970s, the volume was 1,321 milliliters, or about 6.6% greater volume. Around 7 million Americans are currently living with Alzheimer’s disease, a serious disease, especially affecting older people. That number is expected to rise to 11. 2 million by 2040. Although the numbers are rising with America’s aging population, the percentage of the population  affected by the disease is decreasing. A previous study also found a 20 percent reducation in the cases of dementia (精神错乱) per decade. “Larger brain structures may reflect improved brain development and improved brain health,” DeCarli said. “A larger brain structure represents a larger brain reserve and may reduce the ate-life effects of late-related brain diseases like Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia.” 32.What did the recent study mainly find? A．Human brains are getting larger. B．Humans become increasingly clever. C．Human brain volumes have increased 15% on average. D．Humans born in the 1970s are healthier than those in the 1930s. 33.What may Charles DeCarli agree with? A．Genetic factors impact long-term brain health. B．External factors also influence human brain size. C．The bigger the brain is, the healthier a person is. D．The decade someone is born shows the exact brain size. 34.How did the researchers get their final findings? A．By doing field trips. B．By exploring reasons. C．By making comparisons. D．By referring to similar studies. 35.What can the increased brain size probably lead to? A．Unpredictable brain structure changes. B．Less impact from age-related brain diseases. C．Development of new brain-protecting drugs. D．Faster recovery for patients with brain diseases. 【答案】32.A 33.B 34.C 35.B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了一项最近的研究发现，1970年代出生的人的大脑容量比1930年代出生的人大6.6%，大脑表面积几乎大15%。 32.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“According to a recent study, individuals born in the 1170s exhibited brain volumes(容量)that were 6.6% larger and brain surface areas nearly 15% greater than those of people born in the 1130s.(根据最近的一项研究，20世纪70年代出生的人的脑容量比30年代出生的人大6.6%，脑表面积比30年代出生的人大近15%。)”可知， 20世纪70年代出生的人的脑容量比30年代出生的人大6.6%，脑表面积比30年代出生的人大近15%；由此可知，研究发现人类的大脑正在变大。故选A项。 33.细节理解题。根据第一段中的““The decade someone is born appears to impact brain size and potentially long-term brain health,” said Charles DeCarli, first author of the study. “Genetic (遗传) factors play a major role in determining brain size, but our findings indicate external influences—such as health, social, cultural, and educational factors—may also play a role.”( ‘一个人出生的年代似乎会影响他的大脑大小和潜在的长期大脑健康。’ 该研究的第一作者查尔斯·德卡里说，‘遗传因素在决定大脑大小方面起着主要作用，但我们的研究结果表明，健康、社会、文化和教育因素等外部影响也可能起作用。’)”可知，查尔斯·德卡里认为除了遗传因素在决定大脑大小方面起着主要作用，健康、社会、文化和教育因素等外部影响也可能起作用，由此可知，查尔斯·德卡里可能赞同外部因素也影响人脑的大小这一观点。故选B项。 34.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The research compared the MRIs of people born in the 1930s to those born in the 1970s. It found gradual but consistent increases in several brain structures.(该研究比较了20世纪30年代出生的人和70年代出生的人的核磁共振成像。研究发现，几个大脑结构逐渐但持续地增加。)”可知，该项研究对比了20世纪30年代出生的人和70年代出生的人的核磁共振成像，发现几个大脑结构逐渐但持续地增加；由此可知，该项研究是通过比较得出的最终结果。故选C项。 35.细节理解题。根据尾段中的“A larger brain structure represents a larger brain reserve and may reduce the ate-life effects of age-related brain diseases like Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia.(更大的大脑结构代表着更大的大脑储备，可能会减少与年龄相关的脑部疾病（如阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆）对晚年的影响。)”可知，更大的大脑会减少与年龄相关的脑部疾病对晚年的影响；由此可知，大脑体积的增大可能会导致与年龄有关的脑部疾病的影响较小。故选B项。 4.（23-24高二下·广东省大湾区·期末） Remote work, once celebrated as a pandemic-era (疫情时代) solution, now faces challenges. Some influential figures in banking are leading the charge to phase out remote work. Major financial institutions like Goldman Sachs are returning to traditional five-day workweeks, reflecting a broader trend away from remote work. Tech leaders such as Google are also tightening control, linking attendance to performance reviews. The widespread support for remote work benefits seems to be declining as employers an ply stricter policies. Recent global surveys reveal a disconnect between employers’ remote work plans and employees’ desires. Employers worry about decreased productivity with remote work, ci ting studies showing lower efficiency compared to office-based work. Despite these concerns, employees remain firm in their preference for remote work, seeking more flexibility in their work arrangements. Remote work’s appeal lies in time saved from traveling to work and a better work-life balance. Studies show remote work saves an average of 72 minutes daily, equal to significant time savings annually. Employees feel more engaged while working remotely, valuing these benefits as much as an 8% pay increase. The shift to remote work has been solidified by the pandemic, with many workers now in part-time or fully remote setups that may be challenging to backtrack. It is no coincidence that the crackdown on remote work is happening as some industries cool. Job cuts across Wall Street and Silicon Valley have handed power back to businesses. However, even in tech and finance some employees are standing their ground. In May Amazon said that 300 employees staged walkouts over the e-empire’s return-to-work policies. Other firms are quietly adapting with the times. Deloitte and KPMG, two professional-services giants, want to reduce their office footprint in favour of more remote work. The gap between the two sides of the work-from-home battle may yet narrow. The question is whether the bosses or the bossed will yield the most. 32.What trend do the examples given in paragraph l reflect? A．Going back to offices. B．Shortening workdays. C．Home-based working. D．Flexible working time. 33.What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A．Employees exhibit better work at home. B．Employees do not value work efficiency. C．Employers have a problem in connection. D．Employers advocate working in the office. 34.Why is restoring conventional work patterns a challenge? A．Because employees will be paid less. B．Because traveling is no longer popular. C．Because of resistance from the workers. D．Because of improvements in technology. 35.What is the best title for the text? A．Employers Agree with Employees B．Work Efficiency Cries for a Reform C．Work-from-home Holds Huge Appeal D．Fight over Remote Work Goes Global 【答案】32.A 33.D 34.C 35.D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了远程工作在疫情期间的普及及其后续遇到的挑战。雇主倾向恢复传统工作模式，而员工坚持远程工作的灵活性。 32.细节理解题。根据第一段的“Remote work, once celebrated as a pandemic-era solution, now faces challenges. Some influential figures in banking are leading the charge to phase out remote work. Major financial institutions like Goldman Sachs are returning to traditional five-day workweeks, reflecting a broader trend away from remote work. Tech leaders such as Google are also tightening control, linking attendance to performance reviews. The widespread support for remote work benefits seems to be declining as employers an ply stricter policies.(远程工作曾被誉为大流行时代的解决方案，但现在面临挑战。银行界一些有影响力的人物正在带头逐步淘汰远程工作。高盛等大型金融机构正在恢复传统的每周五天工作制，这反映了远离远程工作的更广泛趋势。谷歌等科技巨头也在收紧控制，将出勤与绩效考核挂钩。随着雇主实施更严格的政策，对远程工作好处的广泛支持似乎正在下降。)”可知，本段提到的高盛等主要金融机构正在恢复每周五天的工作时间，谷歌等公司也出现了更严格出勤政策的总体趋势，这反映了远离远程工作和回归传统办公室工作的趋势，即重返办公室。故选A。 33.推理判断题。根据第二段的“Recent global surveys reveal a disconnect between employers’ remote work plans and employees’ desires. Employers worry about decreased productivity with remote work, ci ting studies showing lower efficiency compared to office-based work. (最近的全球调查显示，雇主的远程工作计划与员工的愿望之间存在脱节。雇主担心远程工作的效率会下降，因为研究显示，与办公室工作相比，远程工作的效率更低。) ”可知，雇主对远程工作效率下降表示担忧，因此会提倡在办公室工作。故选D。 34.推理判断题。根据第三段的“Despite these concerns, employees remain firm in their preference for remote work, seeking more flexibility in their work arrangements.(尽管存在这些担忧，员工仍然坚定地倾向于远程工作，希望在工作安排上有更大的灵活性。)”和第四段的“Remote work’s appeal lies in time saved from traveling to work and a better work-life balance.(远程工作的吸引力在于节省了上班路上的时间，更好地平衡了工作与生活。)”可知，远程工作可以节省时间和更好地平衡工作与生活，许多员工会反对回到传统的办公室工作，因此恢复到传统的办公室工作模式是一个挑战。故选C。 35.主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段的“Remote work, once celebrated as a pandemic-era solution, now faces challenges. Some influential figures in banking are leading the charge to phase out remote work. Major financial institutions like Goldman Sachs are returning to traditional five-day workweeks, reflecting a broader trend away from remote work. Tech leaders such as Google are also tightening control, linking attendance to performance reviews. The widespread support for remote work benefits seems to be declining as employers an ply stricter policies.(远程工作曾被誉为大流行时代的解决方案，但现在面临挑战。银行界一些有影响力的人物正在带头逐步淘汰远程工作。高盛等大型金融机构正在恢复传统的每周五天工作制，这反映了远离远程工作的更广泛趋势。谷歌等科技巨头也在收紧控制，将出勤与绩效考核挂钩。随着雇主实施更严格的政策，对远程工作好处的广泛支持似乎正在下降。)”和第二段的“Recent global surveys reveal a disconnect between employers’ remote work plans and employees’ desires. Employers worry about decreased productivity with remote work, ci ting studies showing lower efficiency compared to office-based work. (最近的全球调查显示，雇主的远程工作计划与员工的愿望之间存在脱节。雇主担心远程工作的效率会下降，因为研究显示，与办公室工作相比，远程工作的效率更低。) ”可知，一些大公司出现了远离远程工作和回归传统办公室工作的趋势，雇主和雇员对于远程工作的看法是相反的，因此D项(远程办公之争走向全球)适合作为文章的标题。故选D。 5.（23-24高二下·广东省华附 省实 广雅 深中四校·期末） The more scientists investigate the microbes (微生物) living inside us, the more they learn about the surprising impact of the tiny organisms on how we look, act, think, and feel. Are our health and well-being really driven by the bacteria, viruses and fungi that live in our intestines (肠), in our lungs, on our skin, on our eyeballs? What a weird concept — that the bugs we carry around appear to be essential to establishing the basic nature of who we are. The effects of the microbiome, the microorganisms that exist in human body, can be profound and can start incredibly early. In a study, scientists showed that something supposedly as natural as a child’s character might be related to the bacteria in an infant’s digestive system; the more Bifidobacterium (双歧杆菌) there are, the sunnier the baby is. This observation, from the University of Turku in Finland, is based on an analysis of samples from 301 babies. Those with the highest proportion of Bifidobacterium organisms at two months old were more likely to exhibit a trait the researchers called “positive emotionality” at six months old. Microbiome science is still relatively young. Most studies so far have been initial and small-scale, involving only a dozen or so mice or humans. Scientists have found associations between the microbiome and disease but can’t yet draw clear cause-and-effect conclusions about our extensive collection of microorganisms and their effects on us as hosts. Still, the collection itself is mind-boggling — it’s now thought to be around 38 trillion microbes for a typical young adult male, slightly more than the number of actual human cells. And the prospects for putting that collection to use are more than promising. In the not-too-distant future, according to the most enthusiastic researchers, it might be a routine for us to take a dose of healthy microbes in various forms. Hopefully, with the help of new medical advances, we will be able to achieve our full potential by functioning at peak levels internally and externally. 32.What can we learn about microbiome? A．The development of microbiome is quite mature nowadays. B．The more Bifidobacterium an adult has, the healthier one is. C．More microbes than human cells are present in young men. D．Microbes have little influence on shaping our identity. 33.What does the underlined word “mind-boggling” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Weakening. B．Astonishing. C．Disturbing. D．Misleading. 34.What can be inferred from the text? A．It’s necessary to remove certain fungi from our body. B．2-month-old babies are often more positive than 6-month-old ones. C．New supplements related to microbiome are likely being developed. D．The relationship between microorganisms and disease remains unclear. 35.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．How microbes benefit our health. B．How microbes shape our lives. C．What affects early childhood. D．What Turku University reveals about microbes. 【答案】32.C 33.B 34.D 35.B 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了微生物对于身体的影响以及科学家对微生物研究发展状况。 32.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Still, the collection itself is mind-boggling—it’s now thought to be around 38 trillion microbes for a typical young adult male, slightly more than the number of actual human cells. (尽管如此，这些收集本身是令人难以置信的——现在被认为是一个典型的年轻成年男性大约有38万亿个微生物，比实际的人类细胞数量略多。)”可知，年轻男性身上的微生物比人类细胞数量略多。故选C。 33.词句猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段划线词后的句子“it’s now thought to be around 38 trillion microbes for a typical young adult male, slightly more than the number of actual human cells. (现在被认为是一个典型的年轻成年男性大约有38万亿个微生物，比实际的人类细胞数量略多。)”得出的结论是成年男性有38万亿个微生物，数量非常的大，比实际的人类细胞数量略多；“Still, the collection itself is mind-boggling(尽管如此，微生物的自身数量还是mind-boggling)”指的是数量之大是非常惊人的，mind-boggling意为“惊人的”，与astonishing意思相近。故选B。 34.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Scientists have found associations between the microbiome and disease but can’t yet draw clear cause-and-effect conclusions about our extensive collection of microorganisms and their effects on us as hosts. (科学家们已经发现了微生物群和疾病之间的联系，但还不能就我们广泛收集的微生物及其对我们作为宿主的影响得出明确的因果关系结论。)”可知，科学家虽然发现微生物群和疾病之间有联系，但是没有证据证明其中的因果关系；因此，微生物与疾病之间的关系尚不清楚。故选D。 35.主旨大意题。通读全文、尤其根据文章第一段“The more scientists investigate the microbes (微生物) living inside us, the more they learn about the surprising impact of the tiny organisms on how we look, act, think, and feel. Are our health and well-being really driven by the bacteria, viruses and fungi that live in our intestines (肠 ), in our lungs, on our skin, on our eyeballs? What a weird concept — that the bugs we carry around appear to be essential to establishing the basic nature of who we are.(科学家对生活在我们体内的微生物(微生物)研究得越多，他们就越了解这些微小的有机体对我们的外表、行为、思维和感觉的惊人影响。我们的健康和幸福真的是由生活在我们的肠道、肺部、皮肤和眼球上的细菌、病毒和真菌驱动的吗？多么奇怪的概念——我们随身携带的细菌似乎是建立我们是谁的基本本质所必需的。)”以及第二段“The effects of the microbiome, the microorganisms that exist in human body, can be profound and can start incredibly early. (微生物群，即存在于人体内的微生物，其影响可能是深远的，而且可能在很早的时候就开始了。)”可知，本文主要阐述研究表明，存在与人体内的微生物群数量惊人，对人类的外表、行为、思维和感觉的惊人影响，这种影响可能产生较早且是深远的，而且微生物群和疾病之间的联系；选项B“How microbes shape our lives.(微生物如何塑造我们的生活。)”能够概括文章主旨，适合作本文的标题。故选B。 6.（23-24高二下·广东省茂名市·期末） Time speeds up when you are having fun. But it slows down, it turns out, when one looks at something worth remembering. According to a research, people’s sense of how fast time passes can be influenced by the memorability of the images in front of them. A team led by Martin Wiener, a cognitive (认知) neuroscientist at George Mason University in America, tested how visual stimuli change people’s experience of time. They showed several dozen participants images of different scenes — from empty box rooms to filled stadiums — for between 300 and 900 milliseconds. After each one the participants had to say if the time spent looking at the image was short or long. Their responses showed that, when the images featured large scenes, such as an empty warehouse, more time seemed to have passed. The opposite happened when the images were of spaces jammed with objects, such as an overfull garage. That was strange. Previous research has found that the experience of stretched time increases with size; for instance, if people are flashed images of different numbers for equal lengths of time, they think the higher numbers are shown for longer. But the jammed scenes seemed to contradict that trend. To see if something else was at play, the researchers ran another experiment using pictures that differed in memorability. Humans better remembered pictures focused on people, actions and centrally placed objects. Dr. Wiener’s team used images from a 60,000-image data set, where each image had been judged on its memorability (a man with flowers in his beard: memorable). The more memorable the image, the more it seemed to stretch time. Exactly how processing speed leads to different time perception (理解) is still unclear, but the researchers believe the connection lies in how the brain prioritises incoming information. 32.What has a great effect on people’s sense of time? A．Time’s speeding up. B．Time’s slowing down. C．Incoming information. D．Memorability of the images. 33.When you look at a (n) ______, it seems more time has passed. A．filled stadium B．overfull garage C．empty warehouse D．tree in the corner 34.From which is the text probably taken? A．A research paper. B．A travel brochure. C．A health magazine. D．A biology textbook. 35.What is the main idea of the text? A．How time flies with different images. B．The experience of time increases with size. C．Memorable images make time pass more slowly. D．Processing speed leads to different time perception. 【答案】32.D 33.C 34.A 35.C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，研究表明人们对时间流逝速度的感觉会受到眼前图像的可记忆性的影响。 32.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“According to a research, people’s sense of how fast time passes can be influenced by the memorability of the images in front of them.(根据一项研究，人们对时间流逝速度的感觉会受到眼前图像的可记忆性的影响。)”可知，图像的记忆性对人们的时间感有很大的影响。故选D。 33.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Their responses showed that, when the images featured large scenes, such as an empty warehouse, more time seemed to have passed.(他们的反应表明，当图像中出现大场景时，比如一个空仓库，时间似乎过去了更多。)”可知，当图像展示的是大场景，比如一个空的仓库时，似乎有更多的时间过去了。因此，当你看着一个空的仓库时，会感觉时间流逝得更快，即更多的时间已经过去了。故选C。 34.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“A team led by Martin Wiener, a cognitive (认知) neuroscientist at George Mason University in America, tested how visual stimuli change people’s experience of time. (美国乔治梅森大学的认知神经科学家Martin Wiener领导的研究小组测试了视觉刺激如何改变人们对时间的体验。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了关于时间感知与视觉刺激之间关系的研究，特别是强调了图像的记忆性如何影响人们对时间流逝的感知。文章引用了实验数据和结果来解释和证明这一观点，这种内容通常出现在研究论文中。故选A。 35.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Time speeds up when you are having fun. But it slows down, it turns out, when one looks at something worth remembering.(当你玩得开心时，时间过得飞快。但事实证明，当一个人看到值得记住的东西时，时间会减慢。)”以及倒数第二段“The more memorable the image, the more it seemed to stretch time.(图像越令人难忘，它似乎越能延长时间。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究，研究表明图像越令人难忘，时间就似乎过得越慢。故选C。 7.（23-24高二下·广东省揭阳市·期末） A Dutch company has developed technology to follow the movements and activities of cows. The high-tech system, powered by AI and motion sensors, is called “The Intelligent Dairy Farmer’s Assistant.” The company, Connecterra, launched the system in the United States in December after several years of testing and operations in Europe. A device is put around the neck of the cow to record its movements. This information is then processed by a computer that uses AI to learn about the animal’s behavior over time. The system can tell farmers what the cow is doing in real time. This information can help predict when cattle get sick, become less productive or are ready for mating. Richard Watson owns the Seven Oaks Dairy in Waynesboro, Georgia. He was one of the first American farmers to use the high-tech system. “It can pick up whether the cow is eating, whether it is walking, whether it is drinking, whether it is laying down, standing up.” Watson said the system is a big help because it is impossible for farmers to keep up with the activities of each cow individually. He added that having a computer identify which of his 2,000 cattle need attention could help improve farm productivity by up to 10 percent. He estimates this difference could greatly increase his profits. “Just a 10 percent or five percent increase, or improvement in productivity, means hundreds of thousands of dollars to us, aside from the fact that we just want happier and healthier and more welfare in our animals, anyway.” The founder and head of Connecterra is Yasir Khokhar. He says the idea for the system came while he was living on a dairy farm south of Amsterdam. “It turns out the technology farmers use is really outdated in many aspects,” Khokhar told the Associated Press. He added that most of the technology that does exist is difficult to use. He says modern agriculture greatly needs new technology like this. The company says information about the cows can be collected and seen on a cellphone or other mobile device. A text message can also inform farmers of concerns involving the animals. 32.How does “the Intelligent Dairy Farmer’s Assistant” help farmers? A．By giving alarms to farmers. B．By focusing farmers’ attention on cattle. C．By sending real-time information about cows to farmers. D．By telling farmers which cow is less productive or ready to mate. 33.What’s Watson’s attitude towards the high-tech system? A．Indifferent. B．Neutral. C．Passive. D．Confident. 34.Why did Khokhar come up with the idea of the high tech system? A．Because he once lived on a diary farm. B．Because some agricultural technologies were out of date. C．Because he wanted to increase the income of farmers. D．Because some farming systems turned out to be a failure. 35.What does the passage mainly talks about? A．Modern agriculture in America. B．Ways of raising cows more efficiently. C．A Dutch company known as a high- tech system. D．“Smart Farm” technology tracking behavior of cows. 【答案】32.C 33.D 34.B 35.D 【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要讲述了一家荷兰公司开发出了跟踪奶牛运动和活动的一项技术，由人工智能和运动传感器驱动的高科技系统被称为“智能奶农的助手”。文章说明了这套系统的工作原理，以及人们对此的评价和看法，以及创始人开发这套系统的原因。 32.细节理解题。根据第二段中A device is put around the neck of the cow to record its movements. This information is then processed by a computer that uses AI to learn about the animal’s behavior over time. The system can tell farmers what the cow is doing in real time.可知一个装置被套在牛的脖子上以记录它的运动。这些信息随后被一台电脑处理，该电脑利用人工智能来了解动物的行为。该系统可以实时告诉农民奶牛在做什么。由此可知，“智能奶农助手”通过向农民发送关于奶牛的实时信息来帮助奶农。故选C。 33.推理判断题。根据第五段中Watson said the system is a big help because it is impossible for farmers to keep up with the activities of each cow individually.可知Watson说，这个系统帮助很大，因为农民不可能跟上每头奶牛的活动。由此可推知，Watson认为这个系统帮助很大，对其很有信心。故选D。 34.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“It turns out the technology farmers use is really outdated in many aspects,” Khokhar told the Associated Press.可知“事实证明，农民使用的技术在很多方面确实过时了，”Khokhar告诉美联社。由此可知，Khokhar提出了这个高科技系统的想法是因为一些农业技术已经过时了。故选B。 35.主旨大意题。根据第一段中A Dutch company has developed technology to follow the movements and activities of cows. The high-tech system, powered by AI and motion sensors, is called “The Intelligent Dairy Farmer’s Assistant.”可知一家荷兰公司已经开发出跟踪牛的运动和活动的技术。这个由人工智能和运动传感器驱动的高科技系统被称为“智能奶农助手”。结合文章还说明了这套系统的工作原理，以及人们对此的评价和看法，以及创始人开发这套系统的原因。所以短文主要是关于“智能农场”技术跟踪奶牛的行为。故选D。 【点睛】态度、观点及感受类推理判断题。高考阅读理解题中有些题目考查考生对文章作者的思想、人物性格倾向等方面的理解。对于判断情感态度类题目，考生需要分析段落大意、作者的思路，理解了文章的段落大意、中心思想后，才能判断出作者的情感态度。学会辨别清楚文章的体裁。如第二小题，根据第五段中Watson said the system is a big help because it is impossible for farmers to keep up with the activities of each cow individually.可知Watson说，这个系统帮助很大，因为农民不可能跟上每头奶牛的活动。由此可推知，Watson认为这个系统帮助很大，对其很有信心。故选D。 8.（23-24高二下·广东清远市·期末） Advances in generative artificial intelligence (AI) have enabled authentic-sounding speech synthesis (语音合成) to the point that a person can no longer distinguish whether they are talking to another human or a deepfake (深度伪造). If a person’s own voice is “cloned” by a third party without their agreement, bad guys can use it to send any message they want. Computer scientist and engineer Ning Zhang has developed a new method to prevent unauthorized speech synthesis before it takes place: a tool called AntiFake. Traditional deepfake detection methods only work after the damage is done. However, AntiFake prevents voice data from being synthesized into an audio deepfake beforehand. This tool turns the tables on cybercriminals (网络罪犯) by using similar voice cloning techniques they employ, but for voice protection. The software complicates voice data extraction and feature identification crucial for voice synthesis. “We’re using an opposite AI technique originally used by cybercriminals, but now we’re using it against them,” Zhang explained. “We slightly change the recorded audio, just enough to make it unusable for voice clone training while still sounding natural to humans.” Ben Zhao, a professor of computer science at University of Chicago, says that the software, like all digital security systems, will never provide complete protection. But, he adds that it can raise the bar and limit the attack to a smaller group of individuals with significant resources. AntiFake can already protect shorter voice recordings against cloning. The creators of the tool believe that it could be extended to protect larger audio documents or music from misuse. But the methods and tools that are developed must be continuously adapted because cybercriminals will learn and grow with them. 32.What is the primary purpose of AntiFake? A．To improve the quality of synthetic speech. B．To clone voices without the owner’s approval. C．To detect deepfakes after they have been created. D．To stop unapproved speech generation from happening. 33.How does AntiFake differ from these traditional methods? A．It prevents audio deepfakes in advance. B．It cannot detect deepfakes until created. C．It only works on short voice recordings. D．It relies on human listeners to identify deepfakes. 34.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Developers should focus on short voice recordings. B．The battle against deepfakes requires ongoing efforts. C．AntiFake is ineffective against advanced cloning techniques. D．AntiFake provides permanent solutions to the deepfake threat. 35.What is the best title for the text? A．The Future of Voice Technology. B．A Method for Detecting AI Deepfakes. C．The Challenge of Telling Human Voices. D．A Tool to Keep AI from Stealing Your Voice. 【答案】32.D 33.A 34.B 35.D 【解析】 【导语】本文属于说明文，主要介绍了一种名为AntiFake的新技术工具，该工具旨在通过预先阻止未经授权的语音合成来应对语音深度伪造的问题。文中详细阐述了该技术的工作原理、与传统方法的差异、以及在数字安全领域的应用前景和挑战，同时提及了持续改进的必要性，以对抗不断进化的网络犯罪手段。 32.细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“However, AntiFake prevents voice data from being synthesized into an audio deepfake beforehand. (然而，AntiFake可以防止语音数据事先被合成成音频深度伪造。)”可知，AntiFake的主要目的是阻止未经授权的语音生成发生。故选D。 33.细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“Traditional deepfake detection methods only work after the damage is done. However, AntiFake prevents voice data from being synthesized into an audio deepfake beforehand. (传统的深度伪造检测方法只有在损坏发生后才有效。然而，AntiFake可以防止语音数据事先被合成成音频深度伪造。)”可知，AntiFake与传统方法的不同之处在于它能提前防止音频深度伪造。故选A。 34.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的“But the methods and tools that are developed must be continuously adapted because cybercriminals will learn and grow with them. (但是，开发的方法和工具必须不断适应，因为网络犯罪分子将与他们一起学习和成长。)”可知，对抗深度伪造的斗争需要不断的努力，因为网络犯罪分子会随着技术的发展而学习和成长。故选B。 35.主旨大意$$