语法串讲04 情态动词+省略-2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末考点大串讲（译林版2020）

语法串讲 04 情态动词和省略 (精讲精练) 考点一、情态动词 1. can与could的用法 (1)表示能力，此时could 是can 的过去式，意思相当于be able to。 We can eat in a restaurant, if you like. 如果你愿意，我们可以去餐馆吃饭。 I can do some shopping on the Internet，but I couldn’t last year. 我会网购了，但是去年我还不会。 【易混辨析】在一般过去时中，was/were able to 通常表示能做并且已经做了的事，could 仅表示能力。 I was able to swim to the bank when the ship sank.当船下沉时，我已经游到岸边了。 I could lift the heavy box.我能把那个沉重的盒子举起来。 (2)表示可能性，一般用于疑问句和否定句中，can’t/couldn’t 意为“不可能”。 That can’t be Mary, for she is in hospital. 那不可能是玛丽,因为她在住院。 Can this news be true？这则消息可能是真的吗？ Your story can’t/couldn’t be true. 你的故事不可能是真的。 (3)表示请求和许可，could表示更委婉的语气。 Could you please give me a lift？ 你能帮我个忙吗？ —Can/Could I go now? —Yes，you can. ——我现在可以走了吗？ ——是的，可以。 (4)表示理论上或习惯上的可能性，意为“有时会”。 As we all know，anyone can make mistakes. 我们都知道，任何人都可能会犯错。 She can be very careless sometimes. 她有时会很粗心。 2. may与might的用法 (1)表示允许、许可。might在语气上比may更委婉。 Might I go fishing with you tomorrow？ 我明天可以和你去钓鱼吗? (2)表示可能性，用于肯定句。 She may not go to the concert tonight. 今晚她可能不去音乐会了。 【名师点津】may用于祈使句中，表示祝愿。May you be happy forever!祝你永远快乐！ 3. must与need的用法 (1)表示必要性。must意为“必须”，其否定式为mustn’t(不准，禁止)。need 意为“需要”，其否定式为needn’t(不必)。 You mustn’t do that，because you must keep your word. 你不准那么做，因为你必须得遵守诺言。 You needn’t do it if you don’t want to. 如果你不想做，你就不必做。 (2)must表示可能性，只能用在肯定句中，意为“一定，准是”。 You have worked hard all day.You must be tired. 辛苦工作了一整天，你一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断) (3)must带有感情色彩，意为“偏偏，偏要”，常指令人不快的事情。 The car must break down just when I was about to start.我正要出发时车偏偏抛锚了。 4. will与would的用法 (1)表示意志、意愿和决心。will指现在，would指过去。 I will never do that again.我再也不那样做了。 They said that they would fight against the haze.他们说会与雾霾作斗争的。 (2)表示请求。would表示更委婉的语气。 Will/Would you please take a message for me? 你能帮我捎个口信吗？ (3)表示规律性的“注定会”或习惯性的动作，意为“总是；习惯于”。will指现在，would指过去。 Fish will die without water. 没有水鱼儿就会死。 We would sit around Grandpa after supper，listening to his stories.过去，晚饭后我们总会坐在爷爷周围，听他讲故事。 [疑难点津] used to也表示过去的习惯性动作，多用于非正式场合，往往指后来停止了的动作。否定形式是didn’t use to或used not to。 He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening. 他过去常在晚间到森林附近散步。(而现在已不在那里散步了) 5. shall的用法 (1)shall 用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或请求。 What shall I/we do next? 我/我们下一步该做什么？ When shall my brother be able to leave hospital？我哥哥什么时候可以出院？ (2)shall 用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。 You shall do as I tell you.你要按照我说的做。 You shall have a new dress for your birthday.你在生日时会得到一件新连衣裙。 He shall suffer for this.他会为此事吃苦头的。 (3)用于第三人称的陈述句中，表示正式文件、法律、规章制度等中的义务或规定。 Students shall not use calculators during exams.学生在考试中不得使用计算器。 No readers shall remove a book from the library without the consent of the librarian. 不经图书管理员的同意，读者不准把书带出图书馆。 6. should与ought to的用法 (1)should表示义务或建议，意为“应该”，其同义词是ought to。 We ought to/should help the disabled. 我们应该帮助残疾人。 (2)should与ought to也可以表示主观判断，意思是“可能会，应该会”。 It’s nine o’clock now. My mother should come back.现在九点钟了，我妈妈应该回来了。 7. dare与need的用法 dare和need既可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。 (1)dare和need作情态动词时，多用于疑问句、否定句中。 I dare not walk through the wood at night. 夜间我不敢在树林里走。 You needn’t worry about it.你没有必要担心它。 (2)dare作实义动词时，在否定句、疑问句中不定式符号to可以省略。need作实义动词时，后可接名词、动名词、不定式等，有人称、时态和数的变化。 The children don’t dare (to) make a sound while their parents are sleeping. 孩子们在父母睡觉时不敢弄出一点声音。 The bike needs repairing.＝The bike needs to be repaired.这辆自行车需要修理。 (三) 情态动词后的动词的时态形式 情态动词后接的动词可以有一般式、进行式、完成式、完成进行式四种形式。其一般式为“情态动词＋动词原形”，表示情态动词的基本含义。 1. 后接进行式，表示对正在发生的事情的推测。 He must be doing his homework now. 他现在肯定在做他的家庭作业。 2. 后接完成式，表示对过去情况的推测或与事实相反的虚拟。 You can’t have seen Mary yesterday because she was in Paris. 你昨天不可能见到玛丽，因为她在巴黎。 You failed again.You should have done it much better.你又失败了。你本该做得更好的。 3. 后接完成进行式，表示对持续动作的推测。 They are too tired now.They must have been working all day. 他们现在太累了。他们肯定一整天都在工作。 (四) “情态动词＋have done”表示对过去的推测 1. must have done表示对过去发生的事或行为的肯定推测，把握性大，意为“一定做过某事”，只用于肯定句中。 Tom must have arrived home by now. 现在汤姆肯定已经到家了。 2. may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测，把握性小，意为“也许已经做过某事”，主要用于肯定句和否定句中。 John isn’t at home.I think he may/might have gone to school.约翰不在家，我想他可能去上学了吧。 3. can’t/couldn’t have done表示对过去发生的事或行为的否定推测，意为“不可能做过某事”，可通用。can’t语气更加强烈一些。 She can’t/couldn’t have heard you knocking at the door.她不可能听见你敲门。 考点二. 省略 常见的几种省略 类别 具体内容 例句 不定式的省略 在动词不定式中，为避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词原形，只保留to，否定式的省略用not to —Would you like to go with us？ —I'm glad to, but I'm too busy. --你愿意和我们一起去吗? --我很乐意，但是我太忙了。 The husband wanted to smoke but was told by his wife not to. 丈夫想抽烟，但他妻子叫他不要。 感官动词和使役动词后作宾补的不定式要省to；但被动语态中的to不可省 I saw her enter the room just now. →She was seen to enter the room just now. 我刚才看见她进了房间。 →刚才有人看见她进了房间。 介词but、except前有实义动词do的具体形式时，后面的不定式不带to All he could do was nothing but wait and see. 他所能做的就是等着瞧。 并列句中的省略 ①如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的部分 ②主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则二者都可以省略 ③主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语 ④在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等成分与第一个并列句相同，这个that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分 ①John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework. 约翰一定是在踢足球，而玛丽一定是在做作业。 ②His suggestions made John happy, but (his suggestions made) Mary angry. 他的建议使约翰高兴，但(他的建议)使玛丽生气。 ③Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while，but (he) soon returned to his old ways. 老麦克唐纳戒烟了一段时间，但很快又恢复了老习惯。 ④Jack will sing at the party，but I know John won't (sing at the party). 杰克将在晚会上唱歌，但我知道约翰不会(在晚会上)唱歌。 复合句中的省略 名词性从句中的省略： 作宾语的what从句中的谓语动词与主句的相同，则what从句可以省略谓语，甚至主语 Someone has used my bike, but I don't know who (has used it). 有人用过我的自行车，但我不知道是谁用过。 He has gone, but no one knows where (he has gone). 他走了，但没人知道他去哪儿了。 状语从句中的省略： 当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或状语从句中的主语是it，并且又含有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词 ①在as、before、till、once、when、while等引导的时间状语从句中 ②在though、although等引导的让步状语从句中 ③在if、unless(＝if…not)等引导的条件状语从句中 ④在as、as if/though引导的方式状语从句中 ⑤在as/so…as…、than引导的比较状语从句中 ①While(I was)waiting，I was reading some magazines. 当我在等的时候，我在看一些杂志。 ②Though(they were)tired，they went on working. 虽然他们累了，但他们继续工作。 ③You shouldn't come to his party unless(you were)invited. 除非你被邀请，否则你不应该来参加他的聚会。 ④He did as(he had been)told. 他照吩咐做了。 ⑤This car doesn't run as fast as that one(does). 这辆汽车跑得不如那辆快。 I know you can do better than he(can do). 我知道你能做得比他更好 定语从句的省略 在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词that, which, who, whom代替先行词作宾语时，可以省略关系代词。 定语从句中省略的特殊用法 当the way在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系代词可以省略。 (定语从句in which he behaves, 先行词为the way, 先行词在定语从句中充当方式状语，所以此处关系代词可以省略。) (定语从句in which the company operates,先行词为the way,先行词在定语从句中从当方式状语，所以此处关系代词可以省略。 ) ①Who was the girl that he spoke to just now?→ Who was the girl he was spoke to just now? 刚刚他与之交谈的那个女孩是谁？ (定语从句that he spoke to just now，先行词为the girl，此处关系代词that代替先行词the girl, 在定语从句中作宾语，所以关系代词that可以省略。) ② I live near the river which I used to swim in. →I live near the river I used to swim in. 我生活在我过去游泳的那条河流旁边。 (定语从句which I used to swim in，先行词为the river，此处关系代词which代替先行词the river，在定语从句中作宾语 ，所以关系代词which可以省略。) I don’t like the way in which/ that he behaves. →I don’t like the way he behaves. 我不喜欢他行事的方式。 The way in which/that the company operates is really successful. →The way the company operates is really successful. 这家公司运行的方式真的很成功。 宾语从句的省略 谓语动词后的宾语从句，由that引导时，连接词that可以省略。 宾语从句省略的特殊性： 在并列宾语从句中，第一个that可以省略，第二个及之后的that不可以省略。 He warned me(that) the danger ahead would threaten my life. 他警告我，前方的危险会威胁我的生命。 Everybody knows(that) protecting the environment means a lot. 每个人都知道保护环境很重要。 He promised the local people(that) he would raise some funds and that he would set up a school. 他承诺当地人他会筹集一些资金并且建立一所学校。 【名师点津】其他的省略情况 1.动词不定式的省略 动词不定式中为了避免重复，省去与前面出现的相同部分，只保留to。 —Would you like to go with us ? —I’m glad to go with us, but I have to finish my homework. →I’m glad to, but I have to finish my homework. --你想和我们一起去吗？--我很乐意去，但是我不得不完成作业。 The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to play football in the street. →The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to. 2.虚拟语气中的省略 在含有were, had, should的if引导虚拟条件句中常可以省略if而将were, had, should置于句首。 If it had not been for the drought, the crop would not have failed. →Had it not been for the drought, the crop would not have failed. 要不是因为那场干旱，庄家不会欠收的。 If he were absent from the meeting, he would lose the opportunity to be promoted. →Were he absent from the meeting, he would lose the opportunity to be promoted. 如果他缺席了这个会，他会失去晋升的机会。 表“命令、要求、建议”等意义的名词性从句中用“should+动词原形”，should常可省略。 The doctor suggests that people(should) do exercise for thirty minute every day to be in good health. 医生建议人们应该每天锻炼30分钟保持健康状态。 The general gave soldiers an order that they(should) not leave the battlefield. 将军向士兵发出命令，他们不能离开战场。 3.使用so,not等时的省略。 在英语中,可以用so,not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。 —Is he coming back tonight?他今晚回来吗?—I think so/not.我认为会回来(不会回来)。 4.介词的省略。 　　一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略,而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构: ①have difficulty/trouble(in) doing sth. ②be busy(in) doing sth. ③spend some time(in) doing sth. ④stop/prevent sb.(from) doing sth. 情态动词用法口诀 情态动词may与can, 动词原形跟后边。 不单作谓词义添, shall, will也常见。 建议能力可能现, 命令请求可委婉。 must必须dare敢, 过去情态词形变。 用法分清多勤练, 素养提升在瞬间。 省略的用法口诀 回答问题要简洁，并列重复须省略。 祁使主语必省略，比较than后须省略。 宾从表从that省略，主从that勿省略。 前后出现同一词，惯用习语常省略。 1. (2024•浙江1月) However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ________ (offer) in smaller packs. 2．（2023年全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 3. (2024·北京卷)And when 16.　　　　　(ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). 4. （2023·北京）When 14 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. 5．You can either (solution) the problem by yourself, or seek help from your classmates. 6．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·期中）You can’t imagine a well-behaved man be so rude to a lady. (情态动词) 7．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·期中）The ground is wet. It have rained last night. 8．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·期中）When he was young, he (go) skating every winter. 9．（2025高一下·福建福州·期中）While (chat) with her friends online, she shared funny stories that made everyone roar with laughter. 10．（2025高一下·江苏·期中）If (catch) cheating, students will face severe punishment. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．（2025高一下·重庆江津·阶段练习）We suggest the data need (update) every month. 2．（2025高一下·陕西西安·阶段练习）It should (keep) in mind that you can’t be too careful when crossing the road. 3．（2025高一下·全国·课后作业）The traffic issue not only affects our daily life but may also (threat) people’s lives. 4．（2025高一下·山西大同·阶段练习）It is (alarm) that those processed foods can (danger) health. 5．（2025高一下·四川广安·阶段练习）She couldn’t (attend) that meeting, for she was doing paperwork in the office then. 6．（2025高一下·宁夏银川·阶段练习）It (rain) last night, for the ground is wet in the early morning. 7．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）I never thank you too much. I owe my progress to you. (情态动词) 8．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）You look happy. You be having a good time. (情态动词) 9．（2025高一下·江苏南京·阶段练习）I remember that every Saturday night Mama (sit) down by the kitchen table and count out the money Papa had brought home in the little envelope. 10．（2025高一上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）Although Nancy is usually easy-going, she be annoying sometimes. 11．（2025高一上·河北石家庄·期末）What you can improve and (beauty)is the mind. 12．（2025高一下·安徽·开学考试）It was so noisy that we not hear ourselves speak in the restaurant so we went outside to have a chat. 13．（2025高一下·安徽·开学考试）We as well take the subway to get there since the traffic is so bad. 14．（2025高一上·黑龙江·期末）Wendy was dancing with joy. She must (win) the gold medal in the tournament. 15．（2025高一下·全国·专题练习）Listening to more music can (able) people to improve their aesthetic (审美的) ability. 16．（2025高一下·全国·课后作业）It has been announced that candidates remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 17．（2025高一下·广东广州·期中）Though (warn) about the danger, the hikers still decided to climb the icy mountain. 18．（2025高一下·江苏常州·期中）While (process) the data, she realized there were several errors that needed immediate attention. 19．（2025高一下·江苏常州·期中）If (recycle) properly, materials can be reused, reducing waste and conserving natural resources. 20．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·期中）Unless (invite) to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. 21．（2025高一下·吉林·阶段练习）When (chat) with others, he uses different identities. 22．（2025高一下·广东·阶段练习）When (ask) why she came here, the girl kept silent. 23．（2025高一下·江苏无锡·阶段练习）If (give) enough time, I can write the article better. 24．（2025高一下·江苏无锡·阶段练习）Though not officially (confirm), the rumor about the company’s merger has spread widely in the business circle. (所给词的适当形式填空) 25．（2025高一下·江苏无锡·阶段练习）The AI technology can enable educators to bring personalized learning to the classroom if (application) in a proper way. (所给词的适当形式填空) 26．（2025高一下·江苏·阶段练习）When (expose) to the difficulties and failures, we must overcome them. 27．（2025高一下·江苏·阶段练习）He looked through the window from time to time as if (expect) someone important. 28．（2025高一下·江苏无锡·阶段练习）When (locate) a business, managers should consider whether the professional team can be set up. 29．（2025高一下·福建厦门·阶段练习）Although (seat) quietly at the corner, he was actually pondering deeply over the complex problem. 30．（2025高一下·广东·阶段练习）In the past years, the UN has stayed out of the internal affairs of countries unless (invite) in. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．当你谈到这个人时，“诚实”这个词就会立刻浮现在脑中。 When you refer to the man, honesty is the word that may . 2．我们希望新员工能给公司注入活力，促进公司的发展。 We hope the new employees can our company and promote its development. 3．在做决定之前，你应该考虑到所有的事实，以免忽视重要的细节。 You should all the facts before making a decision, so that you don’t overlook important details. 4．父母应该与孩子沟通他们的感受，特别是在考试这样压力大的时候。 Parents should their children about their feelings, especially during stressful times like exams. 5．他必须为婚礼盛装打扮，所以他穿了一身黑色西装、白色衬衫和红色领带，看起来正式。 He had to for the wedding, so he wore a black suit, a white shirt, and a red tie to look formal. 6．我们必须确保带足够的水去旅行，尤其是因为天气非常炎热。 We must to bring enough water for the trip, especially since the weather is very hot. 7．因为狗体形小，嗅觉灵敏，它们定位幸存者的速度要比人快得多。 Because of their small size and sharp sense of smell, dogs can much faster than humans can. 8．如果你提到夏威夷，美丽海滩和蓝色海洋地景象可能就会立刻浮现在脑海中。 If you refer to Hawaii, a vision of pretty beaches and blue seas may . 9．当我独自走在街上时，听到有人叫我的名字。 , I heard my name called. 10．We were bitten to death by mosquitoes . 我们昨晚露营时被蚊子咬死了。 11．Correct the mistakes in the sentences , please. 如果句子中有错误的话，请把它们改正过来。(省略) 12．For most of this history, lenders relied mainly on their subjective judgement whether or not a borrower was creditworthy. 在这段历史的大部分时间里，贷款人主要依靠自己的主观判断来决定借款人是否有信用。 13．Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre in which termites were constructing their nests. 津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴，从中得到启发，从而设计了东门大厦。 14． , you can sometimes look to nature for a solution. 在解决设计问题时，你有时可以向大自然寻求解决方案。 15．Get up early tomorrow. , you will not catch the first bus. 明天早点起床，如果不早起的话，你就赶不上第一班公交车。 16．What other reactions could people have ? 人们在面对未知事物时还会有什么其他反应? Ⅲ 句型转换 1．The rapid development of AI could lead to pignificant breakthroughs in medical research.(句型转换) The rapid development of AI could significant breakthroughs in medica research. 2．Can you tell the reason for your absence last Friday? (同义句转换) Can you your absence last Friday? 3．Armed with the information you have gathered, you can begin to prepare your business plan. (词汇升级) →Armed with the information you have gathered, you can your business plan. 4．From this story, we can conclude that hard work will pay off sooner or later. (句型转换) →From this story, we can that hard work will pay off sooner or later. 5．We should try our best to protect our living environment. (句型转换) →We should to protect our living environment. 6．用省略句升级句子 If you are in the room, you should hide yourself under something hard, such as a table or even a bed. 7．If it is left untreated, the disease will become worse, and even threaten one's life. (同义句转换) → , the disease will become worse, and even threaten one's life. (状语从句的省略) 8．Though he was injured in the leg, he was determined to finish the marathon. → , he was determined to finish the marathon.(用省略句改写) 9．He won’t come to our party even if he is invited. → He won’t come to our party . (省略句) 10．If I am accepted, I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors. It can help them know more about Chinese culture. (句型转换) → , I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors, . （状语从句的省略；合并升级为定语从句） 10 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 语法串讲 04 情态动词和省略 (精讲精练) 考点一、情态动词 1. can与could的用法 (1)表示能力，此时could 是can 的过去式，意思相当于be able to。 We can eat in a restaurant, if you like. 如果你愿意，我们可以去餐馆吃饭。 I can do some shopping on the Internet，but I couldn’t last year. 我会网购了，但是去年我还不会。 【易混辨析】在一般过去时中，was/were able to 通常表示能做并且已经做了的事，could 仅表示能力。 I was able to swim to the bank when the ship sank.当船下沉时，我已经游到岸边了。 I could lift the heavy box.我能把那个沉重的盒子举起来。 (2)表示可能性，一般用于疑问句和否定句中，can’t/couldn’t 意为“不可能”。 That can’t be Mary, for she is in hospital. 那不可能是玛丽,因为她在住院。 Can this news be true？这则消息可能是真的吗？ Your story can’t/couldn’t be true. 你的故事不可能是真的。 (3)表示请求和许可，could表示更委婉的语气。 Could you please give me a lift？ 你能帮我个忙吗？ —Can/Could I go now? —Yes，you can. ——我现在可以走了吗？ ——是的，可以。 (4)表示理论上或习惯上的可能性，意为“有时会”。 As we all know，anyone can make mistakes. 我们都知道，任何人都可能会犯错。 She can be very careless sometimes. 她有时会很粗心。 2. may与might的用法 (1)表示允许、许可。might在语气上比may更委婉。 Might I go fishing with you tomorrow？ 我明天可以和你去钓鱼吗? (2)表示可能性，用于肯定句。 She may not go to the concert tonight. 今晚她可能不去音乐会了。 【名师点津】may用于祈使句中，表示祝愿。May you be happy forever!祝你永远快乐！ 3. must与need的用法 (1)表示必要性。must意为“必须”，其否定式为mustn’t(不准，禁止)。need 意为“需要”，其否定式为needn’t(不必)。 You mustn’t do that，because you must keep your word. 你不准那么做，因为你必须得遵守诺言。 You needn’t do it if you don’t want to. 如果你不想做，你就不必做。 (2)must表示可能性，只能用在肯定句中，意为“一定，准是”。 You have worked hard all day.You must be tired. 辛苦工作了一整天，你一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断) (3)must带有感情色彩，意为“偏偏，偏要”，常指令人不快的事情。 The car must break down just when I was about to start.我正要出发时车偏偏抛锚了。 4. will与would的用法 (1)表示意志、意愿和决心。will指现在，would指过去。 I will never do that again.我再也不那样做了。 They said that they would fight against the haze.他们说会与雾霾作斗争的。 (2)表示请求。would表示更委婉的语气。 Will/Would you please take a message for me? 你能帮我捎个口信吗？ (3)表示规律性的“注定会”或习惯性的动作，意为“总是；习惯于”。will指现在，would指过去。 Fish will die without water. 没有水鱼儿就会死。 We would sit around Grandpa after supper，listening to his stories.过去，晚饭后我们总会坐在爷爷周围，听他讲故事。 [疑难点津] used to也表示过去的习惯性动作，多用于非正式场合，往往指后来停止了的动作。否定形式是didn’t use to或used not to。 He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening. 他过去常在晚间到森林附近散步。(而现在已不在那里散步了) 5. shall的用法 (1)shall 用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或请求。 What shall I/we do next? 我/我们下一步该做什么？ When shall my brother be able to leave hospital？我哥哥什么时候可以出院？ (2)shall 用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。 You shall do as I tell you.你要按照我说的做。 You shall have a new dress for your birthday.你在生日时会得到一件新连衣裙。 He shall suffer for this.他会为此事吃苦头的。 (3)用于第三人称的陈述句中，表示正式文件、法律、规章制度等中的义务或规定。 Students shall not use calculators during exams.学生在考试中不得使用计算器。 No readers shall remove a book from the library without the consent of the librarian. 不经图书管理员的同意，读者不准把书带出图书馆。 6. should与ought to的用法 (1)should表示义务或建议，意为“应该”，其同义词是ought to。 We ought to/should help the disabled. 我们应该帮助残疾人。 (2)should与ought to也可以表示主观判断，意思是“可能会，应该会”。 It’s nine o’clock now. My mother should come back.现在九点钟了，我妈妈应该回来了。 7. dare与need的用法 dare和need既可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。 (1)dare和need作情态动词时，多用于疑问句、否定句中。 I dare not walk through the wood at night. 夜间我不敢在树林里走。 You needn’t worry about it.你没有必要担心它。 (2)dare作实义动词时，在否定句、疑问句中不定式符号to可以省略。need作实义动词时，后可接名词、动名词、不定式等，有人称、时态和数的变化。 The children don’t dare (to) make a sound while their parents are sleeping. 孩子们在父母睡觉时不敢弄出一点声音。 The bike needs repairing.＝The bike needs to be repaired.这辆自行车需要修理。 (三) 情态动词后的动词的时态形式 情态动词后接的动词可以有一般式、进行式、完成式、完成进行式四种形式。其一般式为“情态动词＋动词原形”，表示情态动词的基本含义。 1. 后接进行式，表示对正在发生的事情的推测。 He must be doing his homework now. 他现在肯定在做他的家庭作业。 2. 后接完成式，表示对过去情况的推测或与事实相反的虚拟。 You can’t have seen Mary yesterday because she was in Paris. 你昨天不可能见到玛丽，因为她在巴黎。 You failed again.You should have done it much better.你又失败了。你本该做得更好的。 3. 后接完成进行式，表示对持续动作的推测。 They are too tired now.They must have been working all day. 他们现在太累了。他们肯定一整天都在工作。 (四) “情态动词＋have done”表示对过去的推测 1. must have done表示对过去发生的事或行为的肯定推测，把握性大，意为“一定做过某事”，只用于肯定句中。 Tom must have arrived home by now. 现在汤姆肯定已经到家了。 2. may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测，把握性小，意为“也许已经做过某事”，主要用于肯定句和否定句中。 John isn’t at home.I think he may/might have gone to school.约翰不在家，我想他可能去上学了吧。 3. can’t/couldn’t have done表示对过去发生的事或行为的否定推测，意为“不可能做过某事”，可通用。can’t语气更加强烈一些。 She can’t/couldn’t have heard you knocking at the door.她不可能听见你敲门。 考点二. 省略 常见的几种省略 类别 具体内容 例句 不定式的省略 在动词不定式中，为避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词原形，只保留to，否定式的省略用not to —Would you like to go with us？ —I'm glad to, but I'm too busy. --你愿意和我们一起去吗? --我很乐意，但是我太忙了。 The husband wanted to smoke but was told by his wife not to. 丈夫想抽烟，但他妻子叫他不要。 感官动词和使役动词后作宾补的不定式要省to；但被动语态中的to不可省 I saw her enter the room just now. →She was seen to enter the room just now. 我刚才看见她进了房间。 →刚才有人看见她进了房间。 介词but、except前有实义动词do的具体形式时，后面的不定式不带to All he could do was nothing but wait and see. 他所能做的就是等着瞧。 并列句中的省略 ①如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的部分 ②主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则二者都可以省略 ③主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语 ④在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等成分与第一个并列句相同，这个that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分 ①John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework. 约翰一定是在踢足球，而玛丽一定是在做作业。 ②His suggestions made John happy, but (his suggestions made) Mary angry. 他的建议使约翰高兴，但(他的建议)使玛丽生气。 ③Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while，but (he) soon returned to his old ways. 老麦克唐纳戒烟了一段时间，但很快又恢复了老习惯。 ④Jack will sing at the party，but I know John won't (sing at the party). 杰克将在晚会上唱歌，但我知道约翰不会(在晚会上)唱歌。 复合句中的省略 名词性从句中的省略： 作宾语的what从句中的谓语动词与主句的相同，则what从句可以省略谓语，甚至主语 Someone has used my bike, but I don't know who (has used it). 有人用过我的自行车，但我不知道是谁用过。 He has gone, but no one knows where (he has gone). 他走了，但没人知道他去哪儿了。 状语从句中的省略： 当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或状语从句中的主语是it，并且又含有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词 ①在as、before、till、once、when、while等引导的时间状语从句中 ②在though、although等引导的让步状语从句中 ③在if、unless(＝if…not)等引导的条件状语从句中 ④在as、as if/though引导的方式状语从句中 ⑤在as/so…as…、than引导的比较状语从句中 ①While(I was)waiting，I was reading some magazines. 当我在等的时候，我在看一些杂志。 ②Though(they were)tired，they went on working. 虽然他们累了，但他们继续工作。 ③You shouldn't come to his party unless(you were)invited. 除非你被邀请，否则你不应该来参加他的聚会。 ④He did as(he had been)told. 他照吩咐做了。 ⑤This car doesn't run as fast as that one(does). 这辆汽车跑得不如那辆快。 I know you can do better than he(can do). 我知道你能做得比他更好 定语从句的省略 在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词that, which, who, whom代替先行词作宾语时，可以省略关系代词。 定语从句中省略的特殊用法 当the way在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系代词可以省略。 (定语从句in which he behaves, 先行词为the way, 先行词在定语从句中充当方式状语，所以此处关系代词可以省略。) (定语从句in which the company operates,先行词为the way,先行词在定语从句中从当方式状语，所以此处关系代词可以省略。 ) ①Who was the girl that he spoke to just now?→ Who was the girl he was spoke to just now? 刚刚他与之交谈的那个女孩是谁？ (定语从句that he spoke to just now，先行词为the girl，此处关系代词that代替先行词the girl, 在定语从句中作宾语，所以关系代词that可以省略。) ② I live near the river which I used to swim in. →I live near the river I used to swim in. 我生活在我过去游泳的那条河流旁边。 (定语从句which I used to swim in，先行词为the river，此处关系代词which代替先行词the river，在定语从句中作宾语 ，所以关系代词which可以省略。) I don’t like the way in which/ that he behaves. →I don’t like the way he behaves. 我不喜欢他行事的方式。 The way in which/that the company operates is really successful. →The way the company operates is really successful. 这家公司运行的方式真的很成功。 宾语从句的省略 谓语动词后的宾语从句，由that引导时，连接词that可以省略。 宾语从句省略的特殊性： 在并列宾语从句中，第一个that可以省略，第二个及之后的that不可以省略。 He warned me(that) the danger ahead would threaten my life. 他警告我，前方的危险会威胁我的生命。 Everybody knows(that) protecting the environment means a lot. 每个人都知道保护环境很重要。 He promised the local people(that) he would raise some funds and that he would set up a school. 他承诺当地人他会筹集一些资金并且建立一所学校。 【名师点津】其他的省略情况 1.动词不定式的省略 动词不定式中为了避免重复，省去与前面出现的相同部分，只保留to。 —Would you like to go with us ? —I’m glad to go with us, but I have to finish my homework. →I’m glad to, but I have to finish my homework. --你想和我们一起去吗？--我很乐意去，但是我不得不完成作业。 The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to play football in the street. →The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to. 2.虚拟语气中的省略 在含有were, had, should的if引导虚拟条件句中常可以省略if而将were, had, should置于句首。 If it had not been for the drought, the crop would not have failed. →Had it not been for the drought, the crop would not have failed. 要不是因为那场干旱，庄家不会欠收的。 If he were absent from the meeting, he would lose the opportunity to be promoted. →Were he absent from the meeting, he would lose the opportunity to be promoted. 如果他缺席了这个会，他会失去晋升的机会。 表“命令、要求、建议”等意义的名词性从句中用“should+动词原形”，should常可省略。 The doctor suggests that people(should) do exercise for thirty minute every day to be in good health. 医生建议人们应该每天锻炼30分钟保持健康状态。 The general gave soldiers an order that they(should) not leave the battlefield. 将军向士兵发出命令，他们不能离开战场。 3.使用so,not等时的省略。 在英语中,可以用so,not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。 —Is he coming back tonight?他今晚回来吗?—I think so/not.我认为会回来(不会回来)。 4.介词的省略。 　　一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略,而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构: ①have difficulty/trouble(in) doing sth. ②be busy(in) doing sth. ③spend some time(in) doing sth. ④stop/prevent sb.(from) doing sth. 情态动词用法口诀 情态动词may与can, 动词原形跟后边。 不单作谓词义添, shall, will也常见。 建议能力可能现, 命令请求可委婉。 must必须dare敢, 过去情态词形变。 用法分清多勤练, 素养提升在瞬间。 省略的用法口诀 回答问题要简洁，并列重复须省略。 祁使主语必省略，比较than后须省略。 宾从表从that省略，主从that勿省略。 前后出现同一词，惯用习语常省略。 1. (2024•浙江1月) However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ________ (offer) in smaller packs. 【答案】be offered 【解析】考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。 2．（2023年全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 【答案】be employed 【解析】考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。 3. (2024·北京卷)And when 16.　　　　　(ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). 【答案】asked。 【解析】考查省略句。本句是when引导的时间状语从句;因主从句主语一致,且从句的谓语动词中有be动词,所以从句省略主语和谓语中的be动词,本句省略的是he was。故填 asked。 4. （2023·北京）When 14 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. 【答案】seen 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略，当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中，主语为the mangrove forests，和动词see是被动关系，从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，完整形式为when they are seen from afar，省略主语和be动词，故填seen。 5．You can either (solution) the problem by yourself, or seek help from your classmates. 【答案】solve 【详解】考查动词。句意：你可以自己解决这个问题，也可以向同学寻求帮助。情态动词can后应接动词原形，solution为名词，意为“解决办法”，其动词形式为solve，意为“解决”，此处应用solve的原形。故填solve。 6．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·期中）You can’t imagine a well-behaved man be so rude to a lady. (情态动词) 【答案】should 【详解】考查should用法。句意：你无法想象一个彬彬有礼的男人竟然对一位女士如此粗鲁。结合句意可知，此处表示“竟然”，使用情态动词should，故填should。 7．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·期中）The ground is wet. It have rained last night. 【答案】must 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：路是湿的。昨晚一定下雨了。根据The road is wet.和have rained可知，此处表示对过去事实的肯定推测，需用must have done。故填must。 8．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·期中）When he was young, he (go) skating every winter. 【答案】would go 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：当他年轻的时候，每年冬天都去滑冰。根据时间状语“every winter”和“When he was young”可知，此处表示过去习惯性的动作，应用“would+动词原形”指过去某个特定的时间或时期内经常发生的动作。故填would go。 9．（2025高一下·福建福州·期中）While (chat) with her friends online, she shared funny stories that made everyone roar with laughter. 【答案】chatting 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当她在网上和朋友聊天时，她分享了一些有趣的让大家放声大笑的故事。本句为状语从句的省略，While引导时间状语从句，主从句主语一致，可省略从句主语和be动词，原句为：while she was chatting，可省略she was，直接用现在分词结构。故填chatting。 10．（2025高一下·江苏·期中）If (catch) cheating, students will face severe punishment. 【答案】caught 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：如果学生在考试中作弊被抓到，他们将面临严厉的惩罚。根据句意可知，此处表示“如果被抓到作弊”，所以空处动词catch与主语students之间是被动关系，完整的表达是If students are caught cheating，当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可以将从句的主语和be动词一起省略，故本句省略students are，空处需用过去分词caught。故填caught。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．（2025高一下·重庆江津·阶段练习）We suggest the data need (update) every month. 【答案】to be updated/updating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们建议数据需要每月更新。结合句意可知，data和update是被动关系，所以应用need to be done形式，即to be updated，表示“需要被更新”；也可以用need doing，主动表被动，所以也可以用updating，表示“需要更新”。故填to be updated/updating。 2．（2025高一下·陕西西安·阶段练习）It should (keep) in mind that you can’t be too careful when crossing the road. 【答案】be kept 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：应当谨记，过马路时再怎么小心也不为过。句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句，主语it与动词短语keep in mind之间是被动关系，用被动语态；由空格前的should可知，空格处用动词原形。故填be kept。 3．（2025高一下·全国·课后作业）The traffic issue not only affects our daily life but may also (threat) people’s lives. 【答案】threaten 【详解】考查动词。句意：交通问题不仅影响我们的日常生活，而且还可能威胁到人们的生命。分析句子，该空需要一个动词原形和情态动词may一起作谓语；所给词threat是一个名词，其动词形式threaten符合题意。故填threaten。 4．（2025高一下·山西大同·阶段练习）It is (alarm) that those processed foods can (danger) health. 【答案】 alarming endanger 【详解】考查形容词和动词。句意：令人担忧的是，那些加工食品可能会危害健康。第一个空需要形容词形式作表语，表示“令人担忧的”为alarming，第二个空需要动词原形和can构成谓语，表示“危害”用endanger，故填 alarming；endanger。 5．（2025高一下·四川广安·阶段练习）She couldn’t (attend) that meeting, for she was doing paperwork in the office then. 【答案】have attended　 . 【详解】考查情态动词的推测。句意：她不可能参加那个会议，因为她当时正在办公室做文书工作。根据后文内容“因为她当时正在办公室做文书工作”，由此表示“她不可能参加那个会议”，表示过去不可能做过某事，对过去发生的动作进行否定推测，使用couldn’t have done的结构。故填have attended。 6．（2025高一下·宁夏银川·阶段练习）It (rain) last night, for the ground is wet in the early morning. 【答案】 must have rained 【详解】考查must have done用法。句意：昨晚一定下雨了，因为早上地面是湿的。结合“last night”和“for the ground is wet in the early morning”可知，此处指“昨晚一定下雨了”，使用must have done“一定做了某事”，表示对过去肯定的推测，故填①must②have③rained。 7．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）I never thank you too much. I owe my progress to you. (情态动词) 【答案】can 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我再怎么感谢你都不为过。我的进步归功于你。分析句子可知，这里考查固定表达“can never...too much”，意思是“再…… 也不为过”，符合语境。故填can。 8．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）You look happy. You be having a good time. (情态动词) 【答案】must 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：你看起来很开心。你一定玩得很开心。分析句子可知，表示对正在进行的动作的肯定推测常用must be doing 结构，意思是“一定正在做某事”，符合句意。故填must。 9．（2025高一下·江苏南京·阶段练习）I remember that every Saturday night Mama (sit) down by the kitchen table and count out the money Papa had brought home in the little envelope. 【答案】would sit 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我记得每个星期六晚上，妈妈都会坐在厨房的桌子旁，数爸爸带回家的钱。根据“I remember that every Saturday night”以及“had brought”可知，此处描述的是过去经常发生的习惯性动作，使用“would + 动词原形”表示过去的习惯或经常性动作。故填would sit。 10．（2025高一上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）Although Nancy is usually easy-going, she be annoying sometimes. 【答案】can 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：尽管南希通常很随和，但她有时可能会让人感到恼火。此处需要使用情态动词can，意为“有时可能会”，在这里表示一种可能性，说明南希虽然通常随和，但偶尔也会有让人恼火的时候。故填can。 11．（2025高一上·河北石家庄·期末）What you can improve and (beauty)is the mind. 【答案】beautify 【详解】考查动词。句意：你能改善和美化的是心灵。作谓语，应用动词beautify，且can后跟动词原形。故填beautify。 12．（2025高一下·安徽·开学考试）It was so noisy that we not hear ourselves speak in the restaurant so we went outside to have a chat. 【答案】could 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：餐厅里太吵了，我们都听不见自己说话，所以我们到外面聊天。设空处填写情态动词与后文的not hear构成情态动词的否定结构。根据前文的was可知，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。表示“能够”用can，其过去式是could。故填could。 13．（2025高一下·安徽·开学考试）We as well take the subway to get there since the traffic is so bad.【答案】may/might 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：既然交通如此拥挤，我们还是乘地铁去吧。此处是固定搭配：may as well或者might as well‌意为“只好（做）；（做……）也无妨”。故填may或者might。 14．（2025高一上·黑龙江·期末）Wendy was dancing with joy. She must (win) the gold medal in the tournament. 【答案】have won 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：Wendy 高兴地跳着舞。她一定在锦标赛中赢得了金牌。根据“Wendy was dancing with joy(Wendy 高兴地跳着舞)”可知句子表示过去发生的动作，此处表示对过去情况的肯定推测，应用must have done结构。故填have won。 15．（2025高一下·全国·专题练习）Listening to more music can (able) people to improve their aesthetic (审美的) ability. 【答案】enable 【详解】考查动词。句意：多听音乐可以提高人们的审美能力。空格处是谓语动词，根据句意和空格前的can可知，空格处应该用动词原形enable作谓语。故填enable。 16．（2025高一下·全国·课后作业）It has been announced that candidates remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 【答案】shall 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：已宣布，候选人必须留在座位上，直到所有试卷被收集完毕。shall用于条约、规定、法令、法律等，意为“必须”。故填shall。 17．（2025高一下·广东广州·期中）Though (warn) about the danger, the hikers still decided to climb the icy mountain. 【答案】warned 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：尽管被警告过有危险，这些徒步旅行者仍然决定攀登这座冰山。让步状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be动词，从句完整形式为Though the hikers were____ (warn) about the danger，the hikers与warn“警告”为被动关系，本空用过去分词warned，与were构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填warned。 18．（2025高一下·江苏常州·期中）While (process) the data, she realized there were several errors that needed immediate attention. 【答案】processing 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：在处理数据时，她意识到有几个错误需要立即注意。根据所给动词process和空格前的连词while可知，此处考查状语从句的省略，while引导的完整从句是while she was processing the data，从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从中有be动词was，符合状语从句省略的条件，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。故填processing。 19．（2025高一下·江苏常州·期中）If (recycle) properly, materials can be reused, reducing waste and conserving natural resources. 【答案】recycled 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：如果回收得当，材料可以重复使用，减少浪费和保护自然资源。if引导条件状语从句，从句的主语与主句主语materials一致，动词recycle与从句主语materials之间是被动关系，即be recycled，状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词，则从句中的主语和be动词可以省略。故填recycled。 20．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·期中）Unless (invite) to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. 【答案】invited 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：除非被邀请发言，否则你应该在会上保持沉默。invite为动词，表示“邀请”，根据“Unless”可知，该句为状语从句的省略句，主语和主句主语一致，invite和主语you之间为被动关系，原句应该为Unless you are invited to speak，表示“除非你被邀请发言”，可省略主语和be动词。故填invited。 21．（2025高一下·吉林·阶段练习）When (chat) with others, he uses different identities. 【答案】chatting 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：和别人聊天时，他使用不同的身份。此处是when引导的时间状语从句的省略，从句主语也是he，表示“当他在和别人聊天时”，故完整形式是When he is chatting with others，当状语从句和主句主语一致，且从句含有be动词时，可将从句主语和be动词省略，故填chatting。 22．（2025高一下·广东·阶段练习）When (ask) why she came here, the girl kept silent. 【答案】asked 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被问及为什么来这里时，这个女孩保持沉默。此处是When引导的时间状语从句的省略。当从句主语和主句主语一致，为the girl，且含有be动词，此处可以省略从句主语和be动词，完整的从句是When she was asked why she came here，此处省略she was，保留过去分词asked。故填asked。 23．（2025高一下·江苏无锡·阶段练习）If (give) enough time, I can write the article better. 【答案】given 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：如果给予足够的时间，我能把这篇文章写得更好。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。本句中If引导的条件状语从句完整句子为if I am___ (give) enough time，主语I与give“给”为被动关系，本空用过去分词，与am构成一般现在时的被动语态，省略I am，保留过去分词。故填given。 24．（2025高一下·江苏无锡·阶段练习）Though not officially (confirm), the rumor about the company’s merger has spread widely in the business circle. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】confirmed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然没有得到官方证实，但有关该公司合并的传言已在商界广泛传播。分析句子结构可知，though引导让步状语从句，主句主语为the rumor，从句和主句主语一致，the rumor与confirm之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以从句谓语动词中含有be动词，所以此处省略“主语+be动词”，因此需使用过去分词表被动。故填confirmed。 25．（2025高一下·江苏无锡·阶段练习）The AI technology can enable educators to bring personalized learning to the classroom if (application) in a proper way. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】applied 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：如果应用得当，人工智能技术可以使教育工作者将个性化学习带入课堂。if引导条件状语从句，从句主语与主句主语一致，为The AI technology，空处作句子谓语，应用动词apply，与主语The AI technology之间是被动关系，即be applied，条件状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句含有be动词，因此省略从句的主语和be动词，即if applied。故填applied。 26．（2025高一下·江苏·阶段练习）When (expose) to the difficulties and failures, we must overcome them. 【答案】exposed 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：当面临困难和失败时，我们必须克服它们。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。本句中When引导的时间状语从句完整形式为When we are_____ (expose) to the difficulties and failures，且主语we与expose“暴露，使面临”为被动关系，本空用过去分词，与空前的are构成一般现在时的被动语态，省略we are，保留过去分词。故填exposed。 27．（2025高一下·江苏·阶段练习）He looked through the window from time to time as if (expect) someone important. 【答案】expecting 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：他不时从窗户往外看，好像在盼望着什么重要人物。本句为状语从句的省略，当方式状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语及be动词，原句为as if he was expecting someone important。省略了he was，保留现在分词。故填expecting。 28．（2025高一下·江苏无锡·阶段练习）When (locate) a business, managers should consider whether the professional team can be set up. 【答案】locating 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：在选址建立企业时，管理者应该考虑是否能组建专业的团队。该句为when引导的时间状语从句，从句主语和主句主语一致，且谓语动词中含有be动词时，可以省略“主语+be动词”，结合句意，locate与逻辑主语managers之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式。故填locating。 29．（2025高一下·福建厦门·阶段练习）Although (seat) quietly at the corner, he was actually pondering deeply over the complex problem. 【答案】seated 【详解】考查省略。句意：他虽然静静地坐在角落里，但实际上却在深入思考这个复杂的问题。句中Although _______ (seat) quietly at the corner是状语从句，省略了he was，完整形式为 Although he was seated quietly at the corner，用过去分词 seated 表示状态。故填 seated。 30．（2025高一下·广东·阶段练习）In the past years, the UN has stayed out of the internal affairs of countries unless (invite) in. 【答案】invited 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：在过去的几年中，除非被邀请，联合国一直不干涉各国的内政。这个句子是由unless引导的条件状语从句，其从句的主语和主句主语都是the UN，故可以省略从句的主语和助动词be，也就是the UN is，从句的谓语转为非谓语动词，这里呈被动关系，应该使用过去分词。故答案是invited。 Ⅱ.完成句子 1．当你谈到这个人时，“诚实”这个词就会立刻浮现在脑中。 When you refer to the man, honesty is the word that may . 【答案】 spring to mind 【详解】考查固定短语。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要表达“立刻浮现在脑中”的意思，可用固定短语spring to mind。空前为情态动词may，所以空处的动词用原形。故填①spring②to③mind。 2．我们希望新员工能给公司注入活力，促进公司的发展。 We hope the new employees can our company and promote its development. 【答案】 breathe life into 【详解】考查动词短语。表示“给……注入活力”使用动词短语breathe life into，情态动词can后接动词原形，故填①breathe②life③into。 3．在做决定之前，你应该考虑到所有的事实，以免忽视重要的细节。 You should all the facts before making a decision, so that you don’t overlook important details. 【答案】 take into account 【详解】考查动词短语。表示“考虑到……”使用动词短语take...into account，情态动词should后接动词原形，故填①take②into③account。 4．父母应该与孩子沟通他们的感受，特别是在考试这样压力大的时候。 Parents should their children about their feelings, especially during stressful times like exams. 【答案】 communicate with 【详解】考查动词短语。中英文对比可知，空处需要补全“与……沟通”，应用动词短语communicate with，情态动词should后用动词原形。故填①communicate②with。 5．他必须为婚礼盛装打扮，所以他穿了一身黑色西装、白色衬衫和红色领带，看起来正式。 He had to for the wedding, so he wore a black suit, a white shirt, and a red tie to look formal. 【答案】 dress up 【详解】考查动词短语。根据中英文对比可知，此处缺少“盛装打扮”的英文表达。“盛装打扮”常见的英文短语是dress up，have to do sth.为固定用法，意为“不得不做某事，必须做某事”，to后接动词原形。故填①dress；②up。 6．我们必须确保带足够的水去旅行，尤其是因为天气非常炎热。 We must to bring enough water for the trip, especially since the weather is very hot. 【答案】 make sure 【详解】考查动词短语。根据中英文对比可知，此处缺少“确保”的英文表达。“确保”常见的英文短语是make sure，情态动词must后接动词原形。故填①make②sure。 7．因为狗体形小，嗅觉灵敏，它们定位幸存者的速度要比人快得多。 Because of their small size and sharp sense of smell, dogs can much faster than humans can. 【答案】 locate survivors 【详解】考查动词和名词。情态动词can后接动词原形，根据汉语提示，“定位”对应的英文动词为locate；“幸存者”对应的英文名词为survivor，此处表示泛指的“幸存者”，应用复数形式survivors作locate的宾语。故填 locate；survivors。 8．如果你提到夏威夷，美丽海滩和蓝色海洋地景象可能就会立刻浮现在脑海中。 If you refer to Hawaii, a vision of pretty beaches and blue seas may . 【答案】spring to mind 【详解】考查动词短语。表示“浮现在脑海”使用动词短语spring to mind，情态动词may后接动词原形，故填spring to mind。 9．当我独自走在街上时，听到有人叫我的名字。 , I heard my name called. 【答案】While walking alone in the street 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。“当……时”使用while引导时间状语从句，从句主语“我”I，“走”walk，“独自”alone，“在街上”in the street，根据句中heard可知，句子描述过去的情况，从句描述过去正在进行的动作，使用过去进行时，即was walking，状语主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，且句首单词首字母大写。故填While walking alone in the street。 10．We were bitten to death by mosquitoes . 我们昨晚露营时被蚊子咬死了。 【答案】when we were camping last night/when camping last night 【详解】考查时间状语的省略。表示“昨晚露营时”可使用when引导时间状语从句，主语与主句主语一致，使用动词camp(露营)作谓语，last night作时间状语，根据句意，是正在露营时被蚊子咬，谓语动词应使用过去进行时，可以表达为when we were camping last night；when引导的时间状语从句中若主语与主句主语一致，且有be动词，可以省略主语和be动词，可表达为when camping last night。故填when we were camping last night/when camping last night。 11．Correct the mistakes in the sentences , please. 如果句子中有错误的话，请把它们改正过来。(省略) 【答案】if any 【详解】考查条件状语从句和省略。“如果句子中有错误的话”是条件状语从句，可译为if there are any mistakes in the sentences，常省略为“if any”，意为“如果有的话”。故填if any。 12．For most of this history, lenders relied mainly on their subjective judgement whether or not a borrower was creditworthy. 在这段历史的大部分时间里，贷款人主要依靠自己的主观判断来决定借款人是否有信用。 【答案】when deciding 【详解】考查时间状语从句和省略。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“当贷款人决定时”，用when引导的时间状语从句，从句中主语和主句中主语一致，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，“决定”是decide，和主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填when deciding。 13．Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre in which termites were constructing their nests. 津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴，从中得到启发，从而设计了东门大厦。 【答案】while watching a nature documentary 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。“在一部大自然纪录片中看到”即“当他在看一部大自然纪录片时”，使用while引导时间状语从句，从句主语“他”he，“看”watch，根据句中was inspired和were constructing可知，句子描述过去的情况，从句描述过去正在进行的动作，使用过去进行时，即were watching，后接宾语“一部大自然纪录片”a nature documentary，状语从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词，可省略从句中的主语和be动词。故填while watching a nature documentary。 14． , you can sometimes look to nature for a solution. 在解决设计问题时，你有时可以向大自然寻求解决方案。 【答案】When solving a design problem 【详解】考查状语从句的省略句。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“在解决设计问题时”。此处是when引导时间状语从句省略句，从句主语you和从句谓语动词solve是主动关系，正在进行的动作，谓语动词solve用be doing形式，状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句谓语中包含be动词，可省略从句主语和be动词，所以用现在分词形式solving a design problem。故填When solving a design problem。 15．Get up early tomorrow. , you will not catch the first bus. 明天早点起床，如果不早起的话，你就赶不上第一班公交车。 【答案】If not 【详解】考查固定句型。“如果不早起的话”可以用if引导的条件状语从句表示，if you don’t get up early，为了避免重复，通常用not代替从句中的否定的内容，即if not。故填If not。 16．What other reactions could people have ? 人们在面对未知事物时还会有什么其他反应? 【答案】when facing the unknown 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。中英文句子对比可知，空处应填“在面对未知事物时”。“在……时”可用when引导时间状语从句，主语应为people，“面对”译为动词face，强调动作在当时的进行状态，应用现在进行时are facing，“未知事物”译为the unknown。在时间状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句谓语含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词。本句中从句主语people和主句主语people一致，且从句中含有be动词，故可省略从句主语和be动词，保留“when+现在分词”的结构，在句中作时间状语。故填when facing the unknown。 Ⅲ 句型转换 1．The rapid development of AI could lead to pignificant breakthroughs in medical research.(句型转换) The rapid development of AI could significant breakthroughs in medica research. 【答案】 result in 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：人工智能的快速发展可能会给医学研究带来重大突破。lead to意为“导致”，可使用同义短语result in替换，故填①result②in。 2．Can you tell the reason for your absence last Friday? (同义句转换) Can you your absence last Friday? 【答案】 account for 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：你能解释你上星期五缺席的原因吗？此处tell the reason可用account for替换，且can后跟动词原形。故填account for。 3．Armed with the information you have gathered, you can begin to prepare your business plan. (词汇升级) →Armed with the information you have gathered, you can your business plan. 【答案】set about preparing/set out to prepare 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：有了收集到的信息，你就可以着手准备你的商业计划了。此处begin可用set about doing或set out to do替换，故填set about preparing/set out to prepare。 4．From this story, we can conclude that hard work will pay off sooner or later. (句型转换) →From this story, we can that hard work will pay off sooner or later. 【答案】draw a conclusion/come to a conclusion/arrive at a conclusion/reach a conclusion 【详解】考查动词。句意：从这个故事中，我们可以得出结论：努力工作迟早会有回报的。情态动词can后用动词原形形式，conclude可以改写为：draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion。故填draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion。 5．We should try our best to protect our living environment. (句型转换) →We should to protect our living environment. 【答案】do everything we can 【详解】考查省略句和从句。句意：我们应该尽我们最大的努力来保护我们的生活环境。比较原句和转换后的部分内容可知，此处对“try our best”意为“尽我们所能”进行转换，可以转换为“做我们能做的一切”，表示“做”为do，位于助动词should之后，所以此处使用动词原形，表示“一切”为everything作do的宾语，表示“我们所能”可以为定语从句we can do作定语修饰everything，先行词在从句中作宾语，所以此处使用关系代词，且可以省略，主句的谓语动词中含有do时，定语从句中的谓语动词can do可以省略do。故填do everything we can。 6．用省略句升级句子 If you are in the room, you should hide yourself under something hard, such as a table or even a bed. 【答案】If in the room, you should hide yourself under something hard, such as a table or even a bed. 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：如果你在房间里，你应该把自己藏在坚硬的东西下面，比如桌子甚至床。状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，且谓语中含有be动词，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，所以本句中的if条件状语从句中可以省略you are，故填If in the room, you should hide yourself under something hard, such as a table or even a bed. 7．If it is left untreated, the disease will become worse, and even threaten one's life. (同义句转换) → , the disease will become worse, and even threaten one's life. (状语从句的省略) 【答案】If left untreated 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：如果不及时治疗，病情会恶化，甚至威胁到生命。if从句的主语it指的是下文的the disease，所以从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中有be动词is，符合状语从句省略的条件，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。故填If left untreated。 8．Though he was injured in the leg, he was determined to finish the marathon. → , he was determined to finish the marathon.(用省略句改写) 【答案】Though injured in the leg 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：尽管他的腿受伤，但他决心完成马拉松比赛。though引导的状语从句可以使用状语从句的省略，即当主句和从句是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词时，从句可以省略主语和be动词，故填Though injured in the leg。 9．He won’t come to our party even if he is invited. → He won’t come to our party . (省略句) 【答案】even if invited 【详解】考查省略句。句意：即使我们邀请他，他也不会来参加我们的聚会。在状语从句中，如果主从句的主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，even if引导的让步状语从句的主语he和主句的主语一致，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，因此省略he is。故填even if invited。 10．If I am accepted, I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors. It can help them know more about Chinese culture. (句型转换) → , I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors, . （状语从句的省略；合并升级为定语从句） 【答案】 If accepted which can help them know more about Chinese culture 【详解】考查状语从句的省略、定语从句。句意：如果我被录取，我可以向游客介绍中国画技巧。它可以帮助他们更多地了解中国文化。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。本句中If引导的条件状语从句应省略I am，第一空填If accepted。第二空应将It can help them know more about Chinese culture改为定语从句，修饰主句，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导，用which替换It。故填①If accepted；②which can help them know more about Chinese culture。 20 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$