专题03 阅读理解说明文 （吉林专用）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末真题分类汇编

专题03 阅读理解说明文 （一） （吉林省“三区九校”2023-2024高一下期末试题） Are you interested in food, United States history, and the English language? If so, American cookbooks provide wide information in all three subjects. The first, published in1796, started a market that continues in the 21st century with online publications of such works. And, the literature offers more than just recipes (食谱). Amy Bentley is a food historian at New York University. She said that cookbooks from the 1800s were use a as lifestyle and household guides. They include food recipes, but they were not central to the books back then. “So, there re some recipes for food, but it could be recipes for a cleaning solvent (溶剂) or what to do when your child has been poisoned and how to clean,” Bentley said. American Cookery by Amelia Simmons is the first cookbook published in the United States. Simmons wrote that her goal with the book was to improve the new generation of women in the US. And after the Civil War, cookbooks became more manifold. Writers started exploring local foods and customs in their work. Some communities would put together a group cookbook to raise money. These cookbooks provide a łook into what the American middle class was eating throughout the years. Such works serve as a record of the traditions and interests of different neighbourhoods and groups. Throughout the years cookbooks have signified humanity’s growth in knowledge, trends (趋势) and inventions. During the last part of the 19th century, for example, many recipes were informed by the dangers of food containing bacteria (细菌). Then, in the 1930s, refrigerators (冰箱) became common objects in American homes. But cookbooks are not complete reflections of American life. Publishing companies mostly control cookbook content. And, their main goal is to make money from book sales. In the 21st century, with the growth of social media and food websites, publishing companies have less control. These new ways to share recipes have led to more open discussions about food and cooking. This gives the public more choices and power. 1．What can you find in the cookbooks from the 1800s? A．Travel guides. B．Popular clothes. C．Cleaning methods. D．Historical events. 2．What does the underlined word “manifold” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Various. B．Famous. C．Challenging. D．Serious. 3．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning refrigerators? A．To tell the importance of refrigerators. B．To show the development of technology. C．To provide an example of social problems D．To prove cookbooks reflect the progress of human life. 4．From which part of a magazine is the text probably taken? A．Language. B．History. C．Culture. D．Education. （二） （吉林省部分名校2023-2024高一下联合试题） Young people are spending more time in digital spaces. The Internet allows us to connect with people, share ideas, be creative, have fun and discover new things. Unfortunately, young people also face risks online. Common problems include cyberbullying (网络欺凌), receiving unwanted messages, seeing images and content you don’t want to see, or having your private information or photos shared without your permission. Safer Internet Day (SID) is organized in the second week of February every year, and over 180 countries take part. The aim is to raise awareness of online issues and make the Internet a safer place. SID invites everyone to be part of a big conversation about online issues. This is particularly important for teenagers because they often experience unpleasant situations online, but they don’t always feel they can talk about them. Cyberbullying is when someone uses the Internet to embarrass, threaten or hurt another person. If you experience cyberbullying, talk to an adult you trust as soon as possible. Don’t reply to any messages but save the evidence. Going online often means spending time alone. When you feel down, social media can make you feel lonelier. Using social media might be related to higher levels of depression. So you need healthy social media use. Whatever app you use, make sure you know who sees your posts and personal information. Limit what people can see, decide who can comment on your content and thwart other users’ comment. It may be illegal to share a photo or video of someone without their permission. The SID’s website has advice about what to do if someone shares pictures of you that you feel embarrassed about. There is still a lot we don’t know about how time spent online affects people’s well-being. But talking about all the issues helps everyone understand common problems and know how to deal with them. 1．What can we learn from paragraph 1? A．The Internet has both good and bad sides. B．The Internet is a safe place to share photos. C．Young people should avoid going online. D．Young people face more risks than adults. 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．What we can do on SID． B．How to take part in SID． C．The time of organizing SID． D．Some information about SID． 3．What should you do if you experience cyberbullying according to the text? A．Use other social media. B．Turn to adults for help. C．Reply to the messages. D．Deal with it with classmates. 4．What does the underlined word “thwart” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Admit. B．Replace. C．Prevent. D．Change. （三） （吉林省“BEST合作体”2023-2024高一下期末试题） Parenting roles evolve from the full control and safekeeping of a young baby to the delicate dance between independence and guidance in adolescence (青春期). Eventually, our children become adults, and if we are lucky, we will have lifelong friendships with them. Play is a key element of friendship with children. With babies and very young children, we play with them, engaging in back-and-forth activities. They often start the game, and we join in. They pull us into play, and we love it. In the language of experts who research children from birth to 3 years old, we express delight in these interactions. But delight often hits a snag when our children learn how to say “no”. From this point onward — into adolescence — we focus on getting children to behave. We tend to be the parent, not the friend, often saying “because I said so”. Highlighting our role as taskmasters limits our parenting tools. If we can leave time and space for child-driven play and activities — without adult demands or expectations — we can return to delight. These friendly interactions expand our relationship with our children. It’s not the same as peer friendship, but we are being friends. Beyond play, the other foundational component of parent friendship is the child-directed conversation. Maintaining a friendly, non-judgmental standpoint in conversation with your kids can provide you with a world of trust and engagement. Being quiet and not saying anything are undervalued parenting tools. Instead, we can keep our ears open for informal chatter and then listen with intention and presence. And it’s usually best if we don’t offer ad vice unless asked for it. Being curious and compassionate and listening deeply to their stories and worries build emotional bonds, maintain communication, and produce trust, which sounds like friendship. In my experience as a child, a parent, and a child psychiatrist, I think we can be more than command-and-control. And I firmly believe that we can treat children with affection and respect, as companions. 1．What does the underlined word “snag” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Misjudgement. B．Demand. C．Challenge. D．Response. 2．What is a parent advised to do in a child-directed conversation? A．Be a deep listener. B．Start the topic of a talk. C．Never make any comments. D．Avoid any informal chatter. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards developing companionship with children? A．Doubtful. B．Approving. C．Unclear. D．Negative. 4．What is the suitable title for the text? A．Parent-child Friendship Bonds B．Lifelong Parent-child Relationship C．Fundamental Elements of Friendship D．Parenting Roles in Children’s Growth （四） （吉林省普通高中G6教考联盟2023-2024高一下期末调研试题） Working in an industry that’s constantly evolving is no small feat for musicians. Giving fans a memorable show is crucial, and some artists are looking to virtual reality to do just that. Travis Scott for example, partnered with Fortnite to bring his virtual-reality concert, Astronomical, to a global audience. The event drew in 12 million viewers. But interest in VR concerts came earlier. In 2019, the entertainment-technology company Wave launched a multichannel virtual platform for live concerts through various digital means: video games, live streaming channels, social networks, and more. Wave has since teamed up with the likes of The Weekend, Justin Bieber, and John Legend. The appeal of such immersive concerts, by placing the audience in a digital world that stimulates both sight and sound to create an experience that makes one feel like they are truly part of the event, lies heavily in their experimental mature. Artists can try new ways to connect with listeners in digital environments. For fans skirting painful concert-ticket prices avoiding large crowds at venues, and experiencing their favorite musicians in an alternate world are convincing benefits. VR has its downside. Only about 13% of households in the US own a VR headset so the technology isn’t common. In a survey, 67% of respondents who didn’t own a VR headset said its price tag kept them from purchasing one. Some people who paid a pretty penny have returned the headset because they simply didn’t know how to set it up or didn’t think the image quality was worth the cost. Discomfort is another issue: long-term use of a headset could cause discomfort in the neck and eyes, and according to the Food and Drug Administration, motion sickness is the most commonly reported negative side effect of VR. There’s also the possibility of VR separating users too far from reality, which could rewire their brains if they don’t moderate headset use. However, looking ahead. Amy Dorsey, the managing director of Dorsey Pictures, said that developments in advanced digital reality would pave the way for the next version of entertainment. 1．Which artist cooperated with Fortnite to deliver a virtual-reality concert? A．Justin Bieber. B．Wave. C．Travis Scott. D．Astronomical. 2．What does the underlined word “immersive” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Cost-effective. B．Environmentally friendly. C．Quick and efficient. D．Engaging and surrounding. 3．Which could be a potential drawback of VR concerts as suggested by the text? A．VR concerts could cause a decrease in video image quality. B．They may prevent people from attending live concerts altogether. C．Long-time standing with VR headsets may lead to motion disability. D．The high cost of VR headsets could limit accessibility for some fans. 4．What will the text discuss next? A．The historical development of VR technology. B．Future directions and innovations in VR. C．Present market trends in VR headset sales. D．Comparisons between VR and traditional concerts. （五） （吉林省吉林市普通高中2023-2024高一下期末试卷） One side effect of globalization and the related phenomenon of greatly increased mobility (流动性) is that the traditional definition of “foreigner” has passed its “best-before date”. Is a European who has lived in China longer than in his home country, becoming fluent in the language and knowing the culture well in the process, still a foreigner in China, or has he become more of a foreigner in his own hometown? What about a Beijinger who had her schooling in Canada and then lived and worked there for another 20 years while raising a family who has no intention of returning to China? Does she think and act like a foreigner? What do we mean by this label (标签)? When I grew up in the suburbs of Chicago, the faces I would see during a walk through a local shopping mall back in the 1960s and 1970s included almost none of Asian descent (血统). Today the local malls are full of Asian faces, and a glance at the ranks of top-scoring students in local schools reveals lots of Asian surnames. To some extent, this is no great surprise in the American context, because America is a land of immigrants, and a cultural melting pot. Apart from the native American Indians, Americans are (or were), in some way, all foreigners anyway. Absorbing a large number of immigrants is an established pattern in American history. In most places, the traditional foreigners were people who didn’t speak or read the local languages well and were unfamiliar with local customs and lifestyles. But, nowadays, a foreigner walking down the street may have better SAT scores than you, or a higher degree from a better university. The traditional role models are getting mixed up, and it looks like this is just the beginning of a new chapter. Today, the whole thing has totally changed. It’s not about where people are from or what color their skins are. It’s about who they are, what values and skills they bring, and how they think. 1．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．The term “foreigner” should be redefined. B．The term “foreigner” should no longer be used. C．There are no more foreigners in the world today. D．The term “foreigner” is not proper to define people. 2．What does the author tend to tell us by mentioning a European and a Beijinger? A．It’s no longer proper to define foreigners according to their birthplaces. B．The label of foreigners can never be removed. C．Most foreigners can do well in learning languages. D．It’s impossible for a foreigner to get recognition abroad. 3．What can be inferred from the third paragraph? A．In 1960s and 1970s, Asians didn’t shop in Chicago. B．Today, more and more Asian travellers like to shop in Chicago. C．There are more Asian people today than in the 1960s and 1970s in Chicago. D．Most Asian students do well academically in the schools in Chicago. 4．What is the author’s attitude to the changing definition of “foreigner”? A．Confused B．Disappointed C．Unconcerned D．Positive （六） （吉林省“BEST合作体”2022-2023高一下期末试题） For any astronaut hoping to survive on the surface of the moon, growing crops will be essential. Now, scientists have taken “one small step” towards growing plants on the lunar surface, after showing it’s possible to grow thale cress, a small flowering plant, in lunar soil. The findings raise hopes that plants could be grown on the moon during future space missions, and even enable mankind to set up a lunar settlement. “For future, longer space missions, we may use the moon as a launching platform,” explained Professor Rob Ferl. “It makes sense that we would want to use the soil that’s already there to grow plants.” Until now, scientists have not grown plants in the soil. “So, what happens when you grow plants in lunar soil? What would plants do in a lunar greenhouse? Could we have lunar farmers?” Professor Ferl questioned. To answer these questions, researchers from Florida set out to plant thale cress seeds in lunar soil, add water, nutrients, and light, and see what happened. The researchers chose to use thale cress because its genetic code has already been fully mapped. For comparison, the researchers also planted seeds in a range of soils, including those that simulate Martian soils. To their delight, the researchers found that nearly all of the seeds grew. However, they did observe differences between the plants grown in the lunar soil and those grown in the control soils. Some of the plants grown in the lunar soils were smaller, while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size. Growing plants in lunar soils may also change the moon itself, according to Dr. Stephen Elardo. “The moon is a very, very dry place”, he said. How will minerals in the lunar soil respond to having a plant grown in them, with the added water and nutrients? Will adding water make the minerals friendlier to plants? The researchers hope to answer these questions in follow-up studies. 1．What’s the second paragraph mainly about? A．The significance of the findings. B．The plants grown in the lunar soil. C．The missions of future space exploration. D．The hope for setting up a lunar settlement. 2．Why did researchers use thale cress in the experiment? A．Its genes are suitable for lunar soil. B．It has a long evolutionary history. C．It has been tested with lunar soil before. D．People have a good knowledge of its genes. 3．What did researchers find about the plants grown in lunar soil? A．They absorbed few nutrients. B．They didn’t grow well enough. C．They grew slowly in the dark. D．They needed more water to grow bigger. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Preparing for Farming on the Moon B．Conducting a Study on Lunar Soil C．Growing Plants in Lunar Soil D．Making Lunar soil friendlier to plants （七） （吉林省吉林八校2023-2024高一下期末联考试题) Flamingo (火烈鸟) images are everywhere in Florida on tourist T-shirts, hotel names, and the Florida Lottery logo. However, real pink flamingos have been mostly gone from the state since the early 1900s, when hunters nearly wiped them out, seeking their stylish and valuable feathers (羽毛). Now, however, flamingos seem to be returning to Florida. Birders recorded 101 wild American flamingo sightings across the state in February, according to recently released figures from Audubon Florida. Environmentalists believe many of these birds were carried into the state on the winds of storm in August 2023. Flamingos have landed in Florida after storms in the past, but they usually don’t stay for too long. This time, birders and wildlife biologists all hope that the creatures can stay there. In recent decades, people have sometimes seen flamingos in Florida, including a well-known flamingo named Conchy, who was rescued from an airport in the Florida Keys in 2015. The data showed Conchy moved all over the southern part of the state, teaching scientists more about flamingos in Florida in two years than was known in the previous 100 years, writes Lori Rozsa. Meanwhile, environmentalists have been working to restore (恢复) the local wetland habitats (栖息地). In the Caribbean and Mexico, protection efforts have also helped increase the number of flamingo populations. Now, those efforts seem to be paying off. This year, forecasters are predicting a particularly bad storms season. It remains to be seen what that will mean for Florida’s burgeoning flamingo population—and other bird species, more broadly. There may be a few silver linings, however. After storms in September 2022, the number of shorebirds found wrapped in dangerous fishing line dropped by 58 percent in southwest Florida, since fishing piers were destroyed in the storm. “We never welcome storms here in Florida, but we did welcome some passengers,” Jerry Lorenz, director of research for Audubon Florida said. 1．What made pink flamingos almost disappear from Florida in the 1900s? A．The loss of habitat. B．Tourism industry. C．Frequent storms. D．The overhunting for their feathers. 2．What do we know about Conchy from paragraph 4? A．It was born in the Florida Keys. B．It was found in a zoo in southern Florida. C．It gave scientists insights into flamingos’ behavior. D．It never left the area where it was rescued. 3．What does the underlined phrase “silver linings” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Something easy. B．Something good. C．Something popular. D．Something interesting. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Impact of Storms on Florida’s Ecosystem B．Climate Change and Its Effects on Flamingos C．The Pink Phenomenon: Flamingos’ Impact on Florida’s Culture D．Flamingos Return to Florida: Hope After Decades of Absence （八） （吉林省通化市靖宇中学、东辽一中2023-2024高一下期末试题） Bumblebee (大黄蜂) populations have declined (下降) by 90 percent in the past 20 years. The decline of the bumblebees is highly concerning as they are significant for ecosystems. They pollinate (授粉) flowers and crops. If their populations were to continue to decline, crops would not be able to produce fruits and vegetables. Despite being small, they are important to nature’s balance. And now, a new study published in the Frontiers in Bee Science has found that the rising heat caused by global warming might be a reason for the decrease in numbers across the globe. “The decline in populations and ranges of several species of bumblebees may be explained by issues of overheating of the nests,” Peter Kevan of the University of Guelph in Canada and lead author of the study said in a statement. Kevan and his colleagues decided to take a closer look at the facts relating to bumblebee populations across the world. Kevan and the colleagues looked at 180 years of literature on the species and found one common reason across all bumblebee species that they can survive in temperatures up to 36 degrees Celsius, but the perfect temperature for nests is between 28 to 32 degrees Celsius. They are unlikely to be able to adjust themselves to the extent that rising temperatures due to climate change require, the study reports. While individual bees may be able to deal with increased heat better than others, the study notes that if nests are too hot, the groups will not survive. “The effect of high nest temperatures has not been studied very much, which is surprising,” Kevan said. Similar studies have been done on honeybees (蜜蜂), another threatened yet highly important species. This suggests further that heat stress is a major factor in bees’ overall decline. Although the studies led by Kevan have limitations, the potential effects for bumblebee health and conversation are large and long-term. 1．What do we know about bumblebees from paragraph 1? A．They have been extinct within decades in America. B．Their populations have decreased a lot in the last two decades. C．Americans are concerned about their living environment. D．They tend to depend on flowers and crops to survive. 2．How did Kevan and his coworkers carry out the study? A．They raised bumblebees to observe them. B．They focused on studying individual bumblebees. C．They conducted experiments on bumblebees. D．They studied literature on bumblebees. 3．What is the author’s attitude toward Kevan’s studies? A．Unclear. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Uninterested. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Big Results for Small Bumblebees B．Bumblebees Protection Inspires Scientists C．The Impact of Climate Change on Honeybees D．Research Shows the Main Reason of Bumblebee Decline （九） （吉林省吉林地区普通高中友好学校联合体2023-2024高一下期末试题） Facebook has developed a kind of AI (人工智能) translating between any pair of 100 languages without depending on first translating to English. Facebook’s system was trained on a data set of 7.5 billion sentence pairs collected from the web across 100 languages, though not all the languages had an equal number of sentence pairs. “What I was really interested in was cutting out English as a middle man. Globally there are plenty of countries where they speak two languages that aren’t English,” says Angela Fan of Facebook AI, who led the work. For some language pairs, the new system shows prominent improvements in translation quality. For example, translating from Spanish to Portuguese is extremely strong because Spanish is the second-most spoken first language worldwide, meaning the researchers can get a lot of data. Translation between English and Belarusian (白俄罗斯语) also is improved because the AI can translate Russian into English, which shares similarities with Belarusian. While the system isn’t in use on the social network site, Facebook plans to put it to work soon to manage the 20 billion translations made every day when people click “Translate” on posts (帖子) written in more than 160 languages. “Future work will be done on other languages,” says Fan, “especially for languages where we don’t have a lot of data, like South-East Asian and African languages.” The work “breaks away from the English-centric models and tries to build more different models,” says Shelia Castilho of the ADAPT Centre at Dublin City University, Ireland. “That’s pretty new and different. But it’s hard to know if the AI does a right translation work,” says Castilho. “The users may not know the other language, so they cannot judge the correctness of the translation.” 1．What’s Angela Fan’s purpose of doing the research? A．To collect data of all kinds of people. B．To make learning different languages easier. C．To achieve her dream of becoming a translator. D．To avoid using English as a middle man in translation. 2．Why is it easy to translate from Spanish to Portuguese by AI? A．There is much data on Spanish. B．Portuguese is similar to Spanish. C．Researchers have a good knowledge of the two languages. D．Spanish is spoken by the largest number of people. 3．What is Castilho worried about? A．The safety of AI translation. B．The correctness of AI translation. C．The way of using Facebook. D．The number of posts on the website. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Facebook AI Can Talk with the Users B．Facebook Wants to Buy a New System C．Facebook AI Can Translate Any Pair of 100 Languages D．Facebook Has Lost Many Users （十） （吉林省通化市梅河口市第五中学2023-2024高一下期末试题） Vanessa Burchill, a 12-year-old Dartmouth, N. S. girl, is growing and giving away hundreds of milkweed seedlings (马利筋草苗) so endangered monarch butterflies have somewhere safe to land. Her plan to save the monarch butterflies began about three years ago when her aunt showed her a chrysalis (茧) from her garden. She watched in wonder as a butterfly appeared and made its wings dry. She’s now given out about 1,000 milkweed seedlings to people in Halifax through her Downtown Dartmouth Monarch Project. Her first group of milkweed this spring went in a matter of hours. Monarch butterflies can’t survive without milkweed because it’s the only plant where they can lay their eggs. Burchill grows swamp milkweed. It is far less unruly (难以控制的) than common milkweed, its cousin. Common milkweed is considered a harmful weed in N.S. It is often killed by people with chemicals. This year, Burchill’s growing season began in February with seeds from the Mersey Tobeatic Research Institute. Anyone can message her on Facebook to pick up a pot (盆) of milkweed for free. Each pot has four small plants that people are encouraged to put in a sunny place in their gardens. “When the monarchs finally appear from the chrysalis they need to be able to dry out their wings in the sun and when the plant doesn’t have full sun they can’t do that,” Burchill said. Burchill has also started growing a butterfly garden in the park across the street from her house with the help of parents and neighbours. “We’re very proud of her and she’s quite focused,” said her dad Nick Burchill. “Hopefully, it will create a nice pathway for monarchs.” Burchill has only seen a handful of monarchs visit her yard and she’s still waiting to see a caterpillar on the milkweed. But she knows what she did is paying off when she sees the endangered butterflies visiting gardens she helps grow. 1．What encouraged Burchill to save the monarch butterflies? A．Her monarch project. B．Her aunt’s suggestion. C．Her research on the butterflies. D．Her experience in her aunt’s garden. 2．Why does Burchill plant swamp milkweed? A．It is becoming endangered. B．It widely grows in her hometown. C．It is much safer than common milkweed. D．It is recognised by the N.S. government. 3．What is the attitude of Burchill’s father towards her action? A．Uninterested. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Worried. 4．Which of the following can best describe Burchill? A．Kind and helpful. B．Brave and honest. C．Strict and creative. D．Careful and easygoing. （十一） （吉林省白山市2023-2024高一下期末试题） Tea has delighted and fascinated the world for thousands of years. China first started exporting tea during the Ming Dynasty(1368—1644), and the drink has since come to lead humanity’s drinking habits far beyond Asia. It is the most widely consumed drink on Earth today, aside from water and coffee. China’s traditional tea-making was added to the intangible cultural heritage list of UNESCO in 2022. The traditional tea processing techniques and associated social practices in China consist of knowledge, skills and practices concerning the management of tea plantations, picking tea leaves, manual processing, drinking and sharing of tea. Since ancient times, Chinese people have been planting, picking, making and drinking tea. Tea producers have developed six categories of tea: green, yellow, dark, white, oolong and black teas. Together with reprocessed teas, there are over 2,000 tea products in China. Tea-related customs are not only found across the country, but also influence the rest of the world through the ancient Silk Road and trade routes. Tea is everywhere—in families, workplaces, tea houses and restaurants. The practice of greeting guests and building relationships within families and among neighbours through tea-related activities is common to multiple ethnic groups, providing a sense of shared identity and continuity for the communities. In China, 44 registered national-level intangible cultural heritage entries are related to tea. There are over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities that have set up majors in tea science or tea culture, resulting in over 3,000 graduates specialising in tea production and art every year. 1．When did China begin to export tea? A．In 2022. B．Thousands years ago. C．During the Ming Dynasty. D．In 1644. 2．What can be learned from Paragraph 2? A．Tea is quite popular with people all over the country. B．More than 2,000 tea products could be found in China. C．Chinese producers developed seven categories of tea. D．Picking tea leaves is the most important tea processing technique. 3．How does the author promote Chinese tea culture in the last paragraph? A．By listing figures. B．By making definitions. C．By giving examples. D．By making comparisons. 4．Where does this text probably come from? A．A science report. B．A travel journal. C．A story book. D．A cultural magazine. （十二） （吉林省辽源市辽源市田家炳高中五校2023-2024高一下期末试题） Cultural differences do exist, and we can really use them to tighten our relationship as human beings. Because there is strength in diversity. So, we are going to expose some interesting cultural differences around the world in this article. Read some interesting cultures around the world to help you travel out of your homeland! In Greece spitting (吐痰) at weddings is believed to drive away devil (恶魔). Funny as it sounds, this cultural tradition is an important practice. To make it even more shocking, this spitting is focused on the bride. It is seen as good luck to bless the couple. However, Things have been changed in some parts of Greece these days. Wedding guests just face the bride and make sounds and impressions that show they are spitting on her—without actually spitting. Everybody knows the Thai people are so friendly, but their culture demands that you never point your feet at anyone of any statue, especially that of the Buddha. In addition, they also consider the head to be more important than other parts of the body. This is why it is disrespectful to touch another person’s head in Thailand. Statues are not left out. If you see the Buddha statue, avoid touching its head as well. Russians are very hospitable (好客的) people. In their culture food is serious business. Lunch is the most important and heaviest meal. If you get invited by your Russian friend for a meal, don’t ever refuse it-they find it impolite. You might want to skip your own meals to leave space in your stomach for the food you will eat in Russian gatherings. This is very interesting cultural difference between Russian people and other nations. Since there is limited knowledge about cultures outside your own, you won’t be able to really flow with a foreigner. Now, you know some about the cultural differences around the world, so we hope it will make your life easier. 1．Why do Greek spit at wedding? A．To add fun to the wedding. B．To send wishes to the couple. C．To celebrate the new wedding. D．To drive away bad luck and bless the couple. 2．What should be avoided if you are in Thailand? A．Eating too much food for a meal. B．Touching your head in your home. C．Pointing your feet before the Buddha. D．Spiting in your best friend's wedding. 3．What can we learn from paragraph four? A．We should accept their meals in Russia. B．We need to eat as little as we can in Russia. C．We can refuse the food Russian people give. D．We should not arrive late for a meal in Russia. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Beautiful tourist attractions in the world B．The most delicious food in different countries C．Interesting wedding traditions in Asian nations D．Surprising cultural differences around the world 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 阅读理解说明文 （一） （吉林省“三区九校”2023-2024高一下期末试题） Are you interested in food, United States history, and the English language? If so, American cookbooks provide wide information in all three subjects. The first, published in1796, started a market that continues in the 21st century with online publications of such works. And, the literature offers more than just recipes (食谱). Amy Bentley is a food historian at New York University. She said that cookbooks from the 1800s were use a as lifestyle and household guides. They include food recipes, but they were not central to the books back then. “So, there re some recipes for food, but it could be recipes for a cleaning solvent (溶剂) or what to do when your child has been poisoned and how to clean,” Bentley said. American Cookery by Amelia Simmons is the first cookbook published in the United States. Simmons wrote that her goal with the book was to improve the new generation of women in the US. And after the Civil War, cookbooks became more manifold. Writers started exploring local foods and customs in their work. Some communities would put together a group cookbook to raise money. These cookbooks provide a łook into what the American middle class was eating throughout the years. Such works serve as a record of the traditions and interests of different neighbourhoods and groups. Throughout the years cookbooks have signified humanity’s growth in knowledge, trends (趋势) and inventions. During the last part of the 19th century, for example, many recipes were informed by the dangers of food containing bacteria (细菌). Then, in the 1930s, refrigerators (冰箱) became common objects in American homes. But cookbooks are not complete reflections of American life. Publishing companies mostly control cookbook content. And, their main goal is to make money from book sales. In the 21st century, with the growth of social media and food websites, publishing companies have less control. These new ways to share recipes have led to more open discussions about food and cooking. This gives the public more choices and power. 1．What can you find in the cookbooks from the 1800s? A．Travel guides. B．Popular clothes. C．Cleaning methods. D．Historical events. 2．What does the underlined word “manifold” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Various. B．Famous. C．Challenging. D．Serious. 3．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning refrigerators? A．To tell the importance of refrigerators. B．To show the development of technology. C．To provide an example of social problems D．To prove cookbooks reflect the progress of human life. 4．From which part of a magazine is the text probably taken? A．Language. B．History. C．Culture. D．Education. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国烹饪书的发展史以及其作用。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“So, there re some recipes for food, but it could be recipes for a cleaning solvent (溶剂) or what to do when your child has been poisoned and how to clean(所以，有一些食物的配方，但它可能是清洁溶剂的配方，或者当你的孩子中毒时该怎么做，以及如何清洁)”可知，你能在19世纪的烹饪书里找到清洗方法。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据画线词后一句“Writers started exploring local foods and customs in their work.(作家们开始在他们的作品中探索当地的食物和习俗。)”可知，后来烹饪书里的内容开始丰富多样起来，划线词manifold的意思是“多种多样的”，和various意思相近。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Throughout the years cookbooks have signified humanity’s growth in knowledge, trends (趋势) and inventions. During the last part of the 19th century, for example, many recipes were informed by the dangers of food containing bacteria (细菌). Then, in the 1930s, refrigerators (冰箱) became common objects in American homes.(多年来，烹饪书标志着人类在知识、趋势和发明方面的增长。例如，在19世纪后半叶，许多食谱都被告知含有细菌的食物的危险。然后，在20世纪30年代，冰箱成为美国家庭中常见的物品。)”可知，作者提到冰箱的目的是为了证明烹饪书反映了人类生活的进步。故选D。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Are you interested in food, United States history, and the English language? If so, American cookbooks provide wide information in all three subjects. The first, published in1796, started a market that continues in the 21st century with online publications of such works.(你对食物、美国历史和英语感兴趣吗？如果是这样的话，美国烹饪书在这三个方面都提供了广泛的信息。第一本出版于1796年，开创了一个在21世纪继续在线出版这类作品的市场。)”可知，本文主要介绍了美国烹饪书的发展以及其作用，烹饪书隶属于文化的范畴，因此本文可能取自杂志的文化部分，故选C。 （二） （吉林省部分名校2023-2024高一下联合试题） Young people are spending more time in digital spaces. The Internet allows us to connect with people, share ideas, be creative, have fun and discover new things. Unfortunately, young people also face risks online. Common problems include cyberbullying (网络欺凌), receiving unwanted messages, seeing images and content you don’t want to see, or having your private information or photos shared without your permission. Safer Internet Day (SID) is organized in the second week of February every year, and over 180 countries take part. The aim is to raise awareness of online issues and make the Internet a safer place. SID invites everyone to be part of a big conversation about online issues. This is particularly important for teenagers because they often experience unpleasant situations online, but they don’t always feel they can talk about them. Cyberbullying is when someone uses the Internet to embarrass, threaten or hurt another person. If you experience cyberbullying, talk to an adult you trust as soon as possible. Don’t reply to any messages but save the evidence. Going online often means spending time alone. When you feel down, social media can make you feel lonelier. Using social media might be related to higher levels of depression. So you need healthy social media use. Whatever app you use, make sure you know who sees your posts and personal information. Limit what people can see, decide who can comment on your content and thwart other users’ comment. It may be illegal to share a photo or video of someone without their permission. The SID’s website has advice about what to do if someone shares pictures of you that you feel embarrassed about. There is still a lot we don’t know about how time spent online affects people’s well-being. But talking about all the issues helps everyone understand common problems and know how to deal with them. 1．What can we learn from paragraph 1? A．The Internet has both good and bad sides. B．The Internet is a safe place to share photos. C．Young people should avoid going online. D．Young people face more risks than adults. 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．What we can do on SID． B．How to take part in SID． C．The time of organizing SID． D．Some information about SID． 3．What should you do if you experience cyberbullying according to the text? A．Use other social media. B．Turn to adults for help. C．Reply to the messages. D．Deal with it with classmates. 4．What does the underlined word “thwart” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Admit. B．Replace. C．Prevent. D．Change. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了随着青少年上网时间的增加，网络欺凌等网络安全问题日益严重，为使互联网成为一个更安全的地方而设置了国际互联网安全日，并就应对网络欺凌提出一些建议。 1．细节理解题。根据首段中的“Young people are spending more time in digital spaces. The Internet allows us to connect with people, share ideas, be creative, have fun and discover new things. Unfortunately, young people also face risks online.(年轻人花在数字空间的时间越来越多。互联网使我们能够与人联系，分享想法，发挥创造力，享受乐趣并发现新事物。不幸的是，年轻人在网上也面临着风险)”可知，互联网能与人联系，分享想法，发挥创造力，并享受乐趣，但是年轻人在网上也面临着风险，由此可知，互联网有好的一面也有坏的一面。故选A项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Safer Internet Day (SID) is organized in the second week of February every year, and over 180 countries take part.(国际互联网安全日(SID)是在每年2月的第二个星期举办的，有180多个国家参加)”可知，此处介绍了SID举办的时间以及参加国，结合下文中的“The aim is to raise awareness of online issues and make the Internet a safer place. SID invites everyone to be part of a big conversation about online issues.(其目的是提高人们对网络问题的认识，使互联网成为一个更安全的地方)”可知，此处介绍了建立SID的目的，以及下文中对该目的的分析可知，本段主要讲述的是SID的一些相关信息。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If you experience cyberbullying, talk to an adult you trust as soon as possible. Don’t reply to any messages but save the evidence.(如果你经历了网络欺凌，请尽快与你信任的成年人交谈。不要回复任何信息，但要保存证据)”可知，如果经历网络欺凌，要与信任的成年人交谈，不要回复任何信息，由此可知，当经历网上欺凌时应该向成年人求助。故选B项。 4．词句猜测题。根据划线单词前的“Limit what people can see, decide who can comment on your content (限制人们可以看到的内容，决定谁可以评论你的内容)”可知，在网络上，要限制可以看到的内容，决定谁可以对内容进行评论，根据and可知，划线单词所在的句子内容与and前内容为并列关系，所以，意思与“限制可以看到的内容，决定谁可以对内容进行评论”性质相同，结合划线单词后的“other users’ comment.(其他使用者评论)”可知，上文中提到决定谁可以对内容进行评论，所以此处应是阻止其他人对内容进行评论，由此可知，划线单词的意思应与“阻止”意义相近。故选C项。 （三） （吉林省“BEST合作体”2023-2024高一下期末试题） Parenting roles evolve from the full control and safekeeping of a young baby to the delicate dance between independence and guidance in adolescence (青春期). Eventually, our children become adults, and if we are lucky, we will have lifelong friendships with them. Play is a key element of friendship with children. With babies and very young children, we play with them, engaging in back-and-forth activities. They often start the game, and we join in. They pull us into play, and we love it. In the language of experts who research children from birth to 3 years old, we express delight in these interactions. But delight often hits a snag when our children learn how to say “no”. From this point onward — into adolescence — we focus on getting children to behave. We tend to be the parent, not the friend, often saying “because I said so”. Highlighting our role as taskmasters limits our parenting tools. If we can leave time and space for child-driven play and activities — without adult demands or expectations — we can return to delight. These friendly interactions expand our relationship with our children. It’s not the same as peer friendship, but we are being friends. Beyond play, the other foundational component of parent friendship is the child-directed conversation. Maintaining a friendly, non-judgmental standpoint in conversation with your kids can provide you with a world of trust and engagement. Being quiet and not saying anything are undervalued parenting tools. Instead, we can keep our ears open for informal chatter and then listen with intention and presence. And it’s usually best if we don’t offer ad vice unless asked for it. Being curious and compassionate and listening deeply to their stories and worries build emotional bonds, maintain communication, and produce trust, which sounds like friendship. In my experience as a child, a parent, and a child psychiatrist, I think we can be more than command-and-control. And I firmly believe that we can treat children with affection and respect, as companions. 1．What does the underlined word “snag” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Misjudgement. B．Demand. C．Challenge. D．Response. 2．What is a parent advised to do in a child-directed conversation? A．Be a deep listener. B．Start the topic of a talk. C．Never make any comments. D．Avoid any informal chatter. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards developing companionship with children? A．Doubtful. B．Approving. C．Unclear. D．Negative. 4．What is the suitable title for the text? A．Parent-child Friendship Bonds B．Lifelong Parent-child Relationship C．Fundamental Elements of Friendship D．Parenting Roles in Children’s Growth 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了父母与孩子之间可以培养朋友关系。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“In the language of experts who research children from birth to 3 years old, we express delight in these interactions.(在研究从出生到3岁儿童的专家的语言中，我们对这些互动表示高兴)”根据本句的But可知，此处构成转折关系，由此可知，从出生到3岁这些互动是快乐的，但是当孩子长大会说“no”时，这种快乐就遇到了挑战。故划线词是“挑战”。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Being curious and compassionate and listening deeply to their stories and worries build emotional bonds, maintain communication, and produce trust, which sounds like friendship.(抱着好奇心和同情心，深入倾听他们的故事和烦恼，这样会建立情感纽带，保持沟通，产生信任，这听上去就是友谊)”可知，家长应该做一个深度倾听者。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“And I firmly believe that we can treat children with affection and respect, as companions.(我坚信我们可以用关爱和尊重的态度对待孩子，作为他们的伙伴)”可推知，作者支持发展与孩子的友谊。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Parenting roles evolve from the full control and safekeeping of a young baby to the delicate dance between independence and guidance in adolescence (青春期). Eventually, our children become adults, and if we are lucky, we will have lifelong friendships with them.(父母的角色从完全控制和保护幼小的婴儿演变为在青春期独立和指导之间微妙的舞蹈。最终，我们的孩子长大成人，如果幸运的话，我们将与他们建立终身的友谊)”结合文章讲述父母与孩子之间可以培养朋友关系。所以A项“亲子友谊纽带”适合做标题。故选A。 （四） （吉林省普通高中G6教考联盟2023-2024高一下期末调研试题） Working in an industry that’s constantly evolving is no small feat for musicians. Giving fans a memorable show is crucial, and some artists are looking to virtual reality to do just that. Travis Scott for example, partnered with Fortnite to bring his virtual-reality concert, Astronomical, to a global audience. The event drew in 12 million viewers. But interest in VR concerts came earlier. In 2019, the entertainment-technology company Wave launched a multichannel virtual platform for live concerts through various digital means: video games, live streaming channels, social networks, and more. Wave has since teamed up with the likes of The Weekend, Justin Bieber, and John Legend. The appeal of such immersive concerts, by placing the audience in a digital world that stimulates both sight and sound to create an experience that makes one feel like they are truly part of the event, lies heavily in their experimental mature. Artists can try new ways to connect with listeners in digital environments. For fans skirting painful concert-ticket prices avoiding large crowds at venues, and experiencing their favorite musicians in an alternate world are convincing benefits. VR has its downside. Only about 13% of households in the US own a VR headset so the technology isn’t common. In a survey, 67% of respondents who didn’t own a VR headset said its price tag kept them from purchasing one. Some people who paid a pretty penny have returned the headset because they simply didn’t know how to set it up or didn’t think the image quality was worth the cost. Discomfort is another issue: long-term use of a headset could cause discomfort in the neck and eyes, and according to the Food and Drug Administration, motion sickness is the most commonly reported negative side effect of VR. There’s also the possibility of VR separating users too far from reality, which could rewire their brains if they don’t moderate headset use. However, looking ahead. Amy Dorsey, the managing director of Dorsey Pictures, said that developments in advanced digital reality would pave the way for the next version of entertainment. 1．Which artist cooperated with Fortnite to deliver a virtual-reality concert? A．Justin Bieber. B．Wave. C．Travis Scott. D．Astronomical. 2．What does the underlined word “immersive” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Cost-effective. B．Environmentally friendly. C．Quick and efficient. D．Engaging and surrounding. 3．Which could be a potential drawback of VR concerts as suggested by the text? A．VR concerts could cause a decrease in video image quality. B．They may prevent people from attending live concerts altogether. C．Long-time standing with VR headsets may lead to motion disability. D．The high cost of VR headsets could limit accessibility for some fans. 4．What will the text discuss next? A．The historical development of VR technology. B．Future directions and innovations in VR. C．Present market trends in VR headset sales. D．Comparisons between VR and traditional concerts. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了虚拟现实技术在音乐产业中的应用，特别是VR音乐会的发展趋势、优势和局限性。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Travis Scott for example, partnered with Fortnite to bring his virtual-reality concert. Astronomical, to a global audience.(比如Travis Scott，他与《堡垒之夜》合作，带来了他的虚拟现实音乐会)”可知，Travis Scott与《堡垒之夜》合作举办了一场虚拟现实音乐会。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据后文“by placing the audience in a digital world that stimulates both sight and sound to create an experience that makes one feel like they are truly part of the event(它将观众置于一个数字世界中，刺激视觉和声音，创造一种让人感觉自己真正成为活动的一部分的体验)”可知，immersive concerts就是让观众感觉自己真正成为活动的一部分的体验，推知immersive是“沉浸”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“VR has its downside. Only about 13% of households in the US own a VR headset so the technology isn’t common. In a survey, 67% of respondents who didn’t own a VR headset said its price tag kept them from purchasing one. Some people who paid a pretty penny have returned the headset because they simply didn’t know how to set it up or didn’t think the image quality was worth the cost.(VR也有它的缺点。在美国，只有13%的家庭拥有虚拟现实头盔，因此这项技术并不普遍。在一项调查中，67%没有VR头显的受访者表示，VR头显的价格让他们不敢购买。一些花了一大笔钱的人退回了耳机，因为他们根本不知道如何设置它，或者认为图像质量不值得花这么多钱)”可知，文中提到的VR音乐会的潜在缺点是VR头显的高成本可能会限制一些粉丝的使用。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, looking ahead. Amy Dorsey, the managing director of Dorsey Pictures, said that developments in advanced digital reality would pave the way for the next version of entertainment.(然而，展望未来。多尔西影业(Dorsey Pictures)董事总经理艾米·多尔西(Amy Dorsey)表示，先进数字现实的发展将为下一个娱乐版本铺平道路)”可知，这篇文章接下来要讨论VR的未来方向和创新。故选B项。 （五） （吉林省吉林市普通高中2023-2024高一下期末试卷） One side effect of globalization and the related phenomenon of greatly increased mobility (流动性) is that the traditional definition of “foreigner” has passed its “best-before date”. Is a European who has lived in China longer than in his home country, becoming fluent in the language and knowing the culture well in the process, still a foreigner in China, or has he become more of a foreigner in his own hometown? What about a Beijinger who had her schooling in Canada and then lived and worked there for another 20 years while raising a family who has no intention of returning to China? Does she think and act like a foreigner? What do we mean by this label (标签)? When I grew up in the suburbs of Chicago, the faces I would see during a walk through a local shopping mall back in the 1960s and 1970s included almost none of Asian descent (血统). Today the local malls are full of Asian faces, and a glance at the ranks of top-scoring students in local schools reveals lots of Asian surnames. To some extent, this is no great surprise in the American context, because America is a land of immigrants, and a cultural melting pot. Apart from the native American Indians, Americans are (or were), in some way, all foreigners anyway. Absorbing a large number of immigrants is an established pattern in American history. In most places, the traditional foreigners were people who didn’t speak or read the local languages well and were unfamiliar with local customs and lifestyles. But, nowadays, a foreigner walking down the street may have better SAT scores than you, or a higher degree from a better university. The traditional role models are getting mixed up, and it looks like this is just the beginning of a new chapter. Today, the whole thing has totally changed. It’s not about where people are from or what color their skins are. It’s about who they are, what values and skills they bring, and how they think. 1．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．The term “foreigner” should be redefined. B．The term “foreigner” should no longer be used. C．There are no more foreigners in the world today. D．The term “foreigner” is not proper to define people. 2．What does the author tend to tell us by mentioning a European and a Beijinger? A．It’s no longer proper to define foreigners according to their birthplaces. B．The label of foreigners can never be removed. C．Most foreigners can do well in learning languages. D．It’s impossible for a foreigner to get recognition abroad. 3．What can be inferred from the third paragraph? A．In 1960s and 1970s, Asians didn’t shop in Chicago. B．Today, more and more Asian travellers like to shop in Chicago. C．There are more Asian people today than in the 1960s and 1970s in Chicago. D．Most Asian students do well academically in the schools in Chicago. 4．What is the author’s attitude to the changing definition of “foreigner”? A．Confused B．Disappointed C．Unconcerned D．Positive 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述随着全球人口流动的大幅度加速，传统意义上的“外国人”的定义已经发生了很大的变化。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“One side effect of globalization and the related phenomenon of greatly increased mobility (流动性) is that the traditional definition of “foreigner” has passed its “best-before date”. (全球化和流动性大大增加的相关现象的一个副作用是，“外国人”的传统定义已经过了“最佳日期”。)”可知，传统上对“外国人”的定义已经过时，所以需要重新定义。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Is a European who has lived in China longer than in his home country, becoming fluent in the language and knowing the culture well in the process, still a foreigner in China, or has he become more of a foreigner in his own hometown? What about a Beijinger who had her schooling in Canada and then lived and worked there for another 20 years while raising a family who has no intention of returning to China? Does she think and act like a foreigner? What do we mean by this label (标签)? (一个在中国生活的时间比在自己的祖国长，在这个过程中精通语言并熟悉文化的欧洲人，在中国还是外国人，还是在自己的家乡变得更像外国人？如果一个北京人在加拿大上学，然后在那里生活和工作了20年，同时养育了一个不打算回中国的家庭，那该怎么办？她像外国人一样思考和行动吗？这个标签是什么意思？)”可知，根据出生地来定义是否是外国人是不合适的。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“When I grew up in the suburbs of Chicago, the faces I would see during a walk through a local shopping mall back in the 1960s and 1970s included almost none of Asian descent (血统). Today the local malls are full of Asian faces, and a glance at the ranks of top-scoring students in local schools reveals lots of Asian surnames. (当我在芝加哥郊区长大时，我在20世纪60年代和70年代穿过当地购物中心时看到的面孔几乎没有亚裔。如今，当地的商场里到处都是亚洲人的面孔，只要看看当地学校得分最高的学生的排名，就会发现很多亚洲人的姓氏。)”可知，今天芝加哥的亚洲人比上世纪六七十年代要多。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The traditional role models are getting mixed up, and it looks like this is just the beginning of a new chapter. Today, the whole thing has totally changed. It’s not about where people are from or what color their skins are. It’s about who they are, what values and skills they bring, and how they think. (传统的榜样正在被混淆，看起来这只是一个新篇章的开始。今天，整个事情完全改变了。这与人们来自哪里或他们的皮肤是什么颜色无关。这是关于他们是谁，他们带来了什么价值观和技能，以及他们是如何思考的。)”可知，作者对“外国人”定义的变化是很赞同的。故选D。 （六） （吉林省“BEST合作体”2022-2023高一下期末试题） For any astronaut hoping to survive on the surface of the moon, growing crops will be essential. Now, scientists have taken “one small step” towards growing plants on the lunar surface, after showing it’s possible to grow thale cress, a small flowering plant, in lunar soil. The findings raise hopes that plants could be grown on the moon during future space missions, and even enable mankind to set up a lunar settlement. “For future, longer space missions, we may use the moon as a launching platform,” explained Professor Rob Ferl. “It makes sense that we would want to use the soil that’s already there to grow plants.” Until now, scientists have not grown plants in the soil. “So, what happens when you grow plants in lunar soil? What would plants do in a lunar greenhouse? Could we have lunar farmers?” Professor Ferl questioned. To answer these questions, researchers from Florida set out to plant thale cress seeds in lunar soil, add water, nutrients, and light, and see what happened. The researchers chose to use thale cress because its genetic code has already been fully mapped. For comparison, the researchers also planted seeds in a range of soils, including those that simulate Martian soils. To their delight, the researchers found that nearly all of the seeds grew. However, they did observe differences between the plants grown in the lunar soil and those grown in the control soils. Some of the plants grown in the lunar soils were smaller, while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size. Growing plants in lunar soils may also change the moon itself, according to Dr. Stephen Elardo. “The moon is a very, very dry place”, he said. How will minerals in the lunar soil respond to having a plant grown in them, with the added water and nutrients? Will adding water make the minerals friendlier to plants? The researchers hope to answer these questions in follow-up studies. 1．What’s the second paragraph mainly about? A．The significance of the findings. B．The plants grown in the lunar soil. C．The missions of future space exploration. D．The hope for setting up a lunar settlement. 2．Why did researchers use thale cress in the experiment? A．Its genes are suitable for lunar soil. B．It has a long evolutionary history. C．It has been tested with lunar soil before. D．People have a good knowledge of its genes. 3．What did researchers find about the plants grown in lunar soil? A．They absorbed few nutrients. B．They didn’t grow well enough. C．They grew slowly in the dark. D．They needed more water to grow bigger. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Preparing for Farming on the Moon B．Conducting a Study on Lunar Soil C．Growing Plants in Lunar Soil D．Making Lunar soil friendlier to plants 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要是说研究人员证明了在月球土壤中种植小型开花植物赤子姜是可能的以及这一研究结果的重要意义。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段的内容“The findings raise hopes that plants could be grown on the moon during future space missions, and even enable mankind to set up a lunar settlement. “For future, longer space missions, we may use the moon as a launching platform,” explained Professor Rob Ferl. “It makes sense that we would want to use the soil that’s already there to grow plants.” Until now, scientists have not grown plants in the soil. “So, what happens when you grow plants in lunar soil? What would plants do in a lunar greenhouse? Could we have lunar farmers?” Professor Ferl questioned.（这一发现为未来的太空任务在月球上种植植物带来了希望，甚至使人类能够在月球上建立定居点。“对于未来更长时间的太空任务，我们可能会把月球作为发射平台，”罗伯·费尔教授解释说。“我们想要利用已经存在的土壤种植植物是有道理的。”到目前为止，科学家还没有在土壤中种植植物。“那么，当你在月球土壤中种植植物时会发生什么?” 植物在月球温室里会做什么? 我们能有月球农民吗?” 费尔教授问）”可知，第二段主要告诉我们这一研究结果的意义：为未来的太空任务在月球上种植植物带来了希望，甚至使人类能够在月球上建立定居点。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句话“The researchers chose to use thale cress because its genetic code has already been fully mapped.（研究人员选择使用赤子姜是因为它的遗传密码已经被完全绘制出来了）”可知，研究人员选择用赤子姜做实验是因为研究人员完全了解它的基因。故选D项。 85．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“For comparison, the researchers also planted seeds in a range of soils, including those that simulate Martian soils. To their delight, the researchers found that nearly all of the seeds grew. However, they did observe differences between the plants grown in the lunar soil and those grown in the control soils. Some of the plants grown in the lunar soils were smaller, while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size.（为了进行比较，研究人员还在一系列土壤中播种，包括那些模拟火星土壤的土壤。令他们高兴的是，研究人员发现几乎所有的种子都生长了。然而，他们确实观察到在月球土壤中生长的植物和在对照土壤中生长的植物之间的差异。在月球土壤中生长的一些植物较小，而另一些植物生长较慢或大小变化较大）”可知，在月球土壤中种植的植物生长的较小、较慢或大小变化较大，生长的不好。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。本文主要是说研究人员证明了在月球土壤中种植小型开花植物赤子姜是可能的以及这一研究结果的重要意义。所以用C项“Growing Plants in Lunar Soil”（在月球土壤中种植植物）作为本文的题目，与文章主题相符合。故选C项。 （七） （吉林省吉林八校2023-2024高一下期末联考试题) Flamingo (火烈鸟) images are everywhere in Florida on tourist T-shirts, hotel names, and the Florida Lottery logo. However, real pink flamingos have been mostly gone from the state since the early 1900s, when hunters nearly wiped them out, seeking their stylish and valuable feathers (羽毛). Now, however, flamingos seem to be returning to Florida. Birders recorded 101 wild American flamingo sightings across the state in February, according to recently released figures from Audubon Florida. Environmentalists believe many of these birds were carried into the state on the winds of storm in August 2023. Flamingos have landed in Florida after storms in the past, but they usually don’t stay for too long. This time, birders and wildlife biologists all hope that the creatures can stay there. In recent decades, people have sometimes seen flamingos in Florida, including a well-known flamingo named Conchy, who was rescued from an airport in the Florida Keys in 2015. The data showed Conchy moved all over the southern part of the state, teaching scientists more about flamingos in Florida in two years than was known in the previous 100 years, writes Lori Rozsa. Meanwhile, environmentalists have been working to restore (恢复) the local wetland habitats (栖息地). In the Caribbean and Mexico, protection efforts have also helped increase the number of flamingo populations. Now, those efforts seem to be paying off. This year, forecasters are predicting a particularly bad storms season. It remains to be seen what that will mean for Florida’s burgeoning flamingo population—and other bird species, more broadly. There may be a few silver linings, however. After storms in September 2022, the number of shorebirds found wrapped in dangerous fishing line dropped by 58 percent in southwest Florida, since fishing piers were destroyed in the storm. “We never welcome storms here in Florida, but we did welcome some passengers,” Jerry Lorenz, director of research for Audubon Florida said. 1．What made pink flamingos almost disappear from Florida in the 1900s? A．The loss of habitat. B．Tourism industry. C．Frequent storms. D．The overhunting for their feathers. 2．What do we know about Conchy from paragraph 4? A．It was born in the Florida Keys. B．It was found in a zoo in southern Florida. C．It gave scientists insights into flamingos’ behavior. D．It never left the area where it was rescued. 3．What does the underlined phrase “silver linings” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Something easy. B．Something good. C．Something popular. D．Something interesting. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Impact of Storms on Florida’s Ecosystem B．Climate Change and Its Effects on Flamingos C．The Pink Phenomenon: Flamingos’ Impact on Florida’s Culture D．Flamingos Return to Florida: Hope After Decades of Absence 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了佛罗里达州火烈鸟的回归现象，探讨了风暴对其迁徙的影响，以及环保努力对恢复火烈鸟栖息地的作用。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, real pink flamingos have been mostly gone from the state since the early 1900s, when hunters nearly wiped them out, seeking their stylish and valuable feathers (羽毛).(然而，自20世纪初以来，真正的粉红色火烈鸟大多已经离开该州，当时猎人为了寻找它们时尚而珍贵的羽毛，几乎将它们灭绝)”可知，20世纪初，火烈鸟几乎从佛罗里达消失是因为猎人为了获取它们的时尚且珍贵的羽毛而过度狩猎。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The data showed Conchy moved all over the southern part of the state, teaching scientists more about flamingos in Florida in two years than was known in the previous 100 years, writes Lori Rozsa.(Lori Rozsa写道，数据显示，Conchy在该州南部各地移动，在两年内向科学家传授了更多关于佛罗里达州火烈鸟的知识，这比过去100年所知的还要多)”可知，Conchy的移动数据让科学家们对佛罗里达的火烈鸟行为有了更多的了解。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中的“After storms in September 2022, the number of shorebirds found wrapped in dangerous fishing line dropped by 58 percent in southwest Florida, since fishing piers were destroyed in the storm.(2022年9月的风暴过后，被危险的鱼线缠住的滨鸟数量下降了58%，因为钓鱼码头在风暴中被毁)”可知，风暴破坏了钓鱼码头，减少了危险的钓鱼线缠绕滨鸟的情况，这是一个积极的结果，推测silver linings指的是风暴带来的一些好处，即“something good”。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“However, real pink flamingos have been mostly gone from the state since the early 1900s, when hunters nearly wiped them out, seeking their stylish and valuable feathers (羽毛).(然而，自20世纪初以来，真正的粉红色火烈鸟大多已经离开该州，当时猎人为了寻找它们时尚而珍贵的羽毛，几乎将它们灭绝)”、第二段“Now, however, flamingos seem to be returning to Florida.(然而，现在火烈鸟似乎正在返回佛罗里达州)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了火烈鸟在几十年的缺席后重新返回佛罗里达，以及环保努力对恢复火烈鸟栖息地的作用，所以“火烈鸟重返佛罗里达：阔别数十年后的希望”适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 （八） （吉林省通化市靖宇中学、东辽一中2023-2024高一下期末试题） Bumblebee (大黄蜂) populations have declined (下降) by 90 percent in the past 20 years. The decline of the bumblebees is highly concerning as they are significant for ecosystems. They pollinate (授粉) flowers and crops. If their populations were to continue to decline, crops would not be able to produce fruits and vegetables. Despite being small, they are important to nature’s balance. And now, a new study published in the Frontiers in Bee Science has found that the rising heat caused by global warming might be a reason for the decrease in numbers across the globe. “The decline in populations and ranges of several species of bumblebees may be explained by issues of overheating of the nests,” Peter Kevan of the University of Guelph in Canada and lead author of the study said in a statement. Kevan and his colleagues decided to take a closer look at the facts relating to bumblebee populations across the world. Kevan and the colleagues looked at 180 years of literature on the species and found one common reason across all bumblebee species that they can survive in temperatures up to 36 degrees Celsius, but the perfect temperature for nests is between 28 to 32 degrees Celsius. They are unlikely to be able to adjust themselves to the extent that rising temperatures due to climate change require, the study reports. While individual bees may be able to deal with increased heat better than others, the study notes that if nests are too hot, the groups will not survive. “The effect of high nest temperatures has not been studied very much, which is surprising,” Kevan said. Similar studies have been done on honeybees (蜜蜂), another threatened yet highly important species. This suggests further that heat stress is a major factor in bees’ overall decline. Although the studies led by Kevan have limitations, the potential effects for bumblebee health and conversation are large and long-term. 1．What do we know about bumblebees from paragraph 1? A．They have been extinct within decades in America. B．Their populations have decreased a lot in the last two decades. C．Americans are concerned about their living environment. D．They tend to depend on flowers and crops to survive. 2．How did Kevan and his coworkers carry out the study? A．They raised bumblebees to observe them. B．They focused on studying individual bumblebees. C．They conducted experiments on bumblebees. D．They studied literature on bumblebees. 3．What is the author’s attitude toward Kevan’s studies? A．Unclear. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Uninterested. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Big Results for Small Bumblebees B．Bumblebees Protection Inspires Scientists C．The Impact of Climate Change on Honeybees D．Research Shows the Main Reason of Bumblebee Decline 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕大黄蜂种群数量下降的问题展开，解释了这一现象可能的原因——全球变暖导致的温度升高。文章通过引用研究数据、专家观点等，对大黄蜂的生态重要性、适应温度范围、以及高温对其种群的影响进行了说明。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Bumblebee (大黄蜂) populations have declined (下降) by 90 percent in the past 20 years. The decline of the bumblebees is highly concerning as they are significant for ecosystems. (大黄蜂的数量在过去的20年里下降了90%。大黄蜂的减少是高度关注的，因为它们对生态系统具有重要意义。)”可知，大黄蜂的数量在过去的二十年里大幅度减少。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Kevan and his colleagues decided to take a closer look at the facts relating to bumblebee populations across the world. Kevan and the colleagues looked at 180 years of literature on the species and found one common reason across all bumblebee species that they can survive in temperatures up to 36 degrees Celsius, but the perfect temperature for nests is between 28 to 32 degrees Celsius.(Kevan和他的同事们决定仔细研究一下与世界各地大黄蜂种群有关的事实。Kevan和他的同事们查阅了180年来关于这个物种的文献，发现了所有大黄蜂物种都能在36摄氏度的温度下生存的一个共同原因，但筑巢的最佳温度是28到32摄氏度。)”可知，Kevan和他的同事们查阅了180年来关于这个物种的文献，这说明他们是通过研究关于大黄蜂的文献来进行研究的。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Although the studies led by Kevan have limitations, the potential effects for bumblebee health and conversation are large and long-term.(虽然Kevan的研究存在局限性，但对大黄蜂健康和交流的潜在影响是巨大而长期的。)”可知，作者对Kevan的研究持支持态度。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“And now, a new study published in the Frontiers in Bee Science has found that the rising heat caused by global warming might be a reason for the decrease in numbers across the globe. “The decline in populations and ranges of several species of bumblebees may be explained by issues of overheating of the nests,” Peter Kevan of the University of Guelph in Canada and lead author of the study said in a statement.(现在，发表在《蜜蜂科学前沿》上的一项新研究发现，全球变暖导致的气温上升可能是全球蜜蜂数量减少的一个原因。加拿大圭尔夫大学的Peter Kevan是这项研究的主要作者，他在一份声明中说：“一些大黄蜂物种的数量和范围的下降可能是由于巢穴过热的问题造成的。”)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要围绕大黄蜂种群数量下降的问题展开，通过引用研究数据、专家观点等，解释了这一现象可能的原因——全球变暖导致的温度升高。选项D“Research Shows the Main Reason of Bumblebee Decline(研究揭示了大黄蜂数量下降的主要原因)” 准确概括了文章的主题。故选D。 （九） （吉林省吉林地区普通高中友好学校联合体2023-2024高一下期末试题） Facebook has developed a kind of AI (人工智能) translating between any pair of 100 languages without depending on first translating to English. Facebook’s system was trained on a data set of 7.5 billion sentence pairs collected from the web across 100 languages, though not all the languages had an equal number of sentence pairs. “What I was really interested in was cutting out English as a middle man. Globally there are plenty of countries where they speak two languages that aren’t English,” says Angela Fan of Facebook AI, who led the work. For some language pairs, the new system shows prominent improvements in translation quality. For example, translating from Spanish to Portuguese is extremely strong because Spanish is the second-most spoken first language worldwide, meaning the researchers can get a lot of data. Translation between English and Belarusian (白俄罗斯语) also is improved because the AI can translate Russian into English, which shares similarities with Belarusian. While the system isn’t in use on the social network site, Facebook plans to put it to work soon to manage the 20 billion translations made every day when people click “Translate” on posts (帖子) written in more than 160 languages. “Future work will be done on other languages,” says Fan, “especially for languages where we don’t have a lot of data, like South-East Asian and African languages.” The work “breaks away from the English-centric models and tries to build more different models,” says Shelia Castilho of the ADAPT Centre at Dublin City University, Ireland. “That’s pretty new and different. But it’s hard to know if the AI does a right translation work,” says Castilho. “The users may not know the other language, so they cannot judge the correctness of the translation.” 1．What’s Angela Fan’s purpose of doing the research? A．To collect data of all kinds of people. B．To make learning different languages easier. C．To achieve her dream of becoming a translator. D．To avoid using English as a middle man in translation. 2．Why is it easy to translate from Spanish to Portuguese by AI? A．There is much data on Spanish. B．Portuguese is similar to Spanish. C．Researchers have a good knowledge of the two languages. D．Spanish is spoken by the largest number of people. 3．What is Castilho worried about? A．The safety of AI translation. B．The correctness of AI translation. C．The way of using Facebook. D．The number of posts on the website. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Facebook AI Can Talk with the Users B．Facebook Wants to Buy a New System C．Facebook AI Can Translate Any Pair of 100 Languages D．Facebook Has Lost Many Users 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4C 【分析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了Facebook开发的一种人工智能，它不需要运用英语作为中间语言，直接对目标语言进行翻译。 【详解】1.推理判断题。根据文章第二段关键句““What I was really interested in was cutting out English as a middle man. Globally there are plenty of countries where they speak two languages that aren’t English,” says Angela Fan of Facebook AI, who led the work.”（“我真正感兴趣的是放弃英语作为中间语言。在全球范围内，有很多国家,在那里他们会说英语以外的两种语言，”领导这项工作的Facebook AI的安吉拉·范说）可知， Angela Fan做这项研究的目的是避免在翻译中使用英语作为中间语言。故选D项。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段关键句“For example, translating from Spanish to Portuguese is extremely strong because Spanish is the second-most spoken first language worldwide, meaning the researchers can get a lot of data.”（例如，从西班牙语到葡萄牙语的翻译非常强大，因为西班牙语是世界上第二大第一语言，这意味着研究人员可以获得大量数据）可知，人工智能很容易将西班牙语翻译为葡萄牙语是因为有很多关于西班牙语的数据信息。故选A项 。 3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段关键句““That’s pretty new and different. But it’s hard to know if the AI does a right translation work,” says Castilho. “The users may not know the other language, so they cannot judge the correctness of the translation.””（“这是非常新和不同的。但我们很难知道AI的翻译是否正确。”Castilho说道。“用户可能不懂另一种语言，所以他们无法判断翻译的正确性。”）可知，Castilho担心翻译的准确性。故选B项。 4.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段内容“Facebook has developed a kind of AI translating between any pair of 100 languages without depending on first translating to English.”（Facebook开发了一种人工智能，可以在100种语言之间进行翻译，而不需要首先翻译成英语）并结合全文内容可知，本文介绍了Facebook开发了一种可以翻译100种语言的人工智能。故 “Facebook AI Can Translate Any Pair of 100 Languages”（Facebook人工智能可以翻译100种语言 ）作为文章标题最为合适，符合主旨。故选C项。 （十） （吉林省通化市梅河口市第五中学2023-2024高一下期末试题） Vanessa Burchill, a 12-year-old Dartmouth, N. S. girl, is growing and giving away hundreds of milkweed seedlings (马利筋草苗) so endangered monarch butterflies have somewhere safe to land. Her plan to save the monarch butterflies began about three years ago when her aunt showed her a chrysalis (茧) from her garden. She watched in wonder as a butterfly appeared and made its wings dry. She’s now given out about 1,000 milkweed seedlings to people in Halifax through her Downtown Dartmouth Monarch Project. Her first group of milkweed this spring went in a matter of hours. Monarch butterflies can’t survive without milkweed because it’s the only plant where they can lay their eggs. Burchill grows swamp milkweed. It is far less unruly (难以控制的) than common milkweed, its cousin. Common milkweed is considered a harmful weed in N.S. It is often killed by people with chemicals. This year, Burchill’s growing season began in February with seeds from the Mersey Tobeatic Research Institute. Anyone can message her on Facebook to pick up a pot (盆) of milkweed for free. Each pot has four small plants that people are encouraged to put in a sunny place in their gardens. “When the monarchs finally appear from the chrysalis they need to be able to dry out their wings in the sun and when the plant doesn’t have full sun they can’t do that,” Burchill said. Burchill has also started growing a butterfly garden in the park across the street from her house with the help of parents and neighbours. “We’re very proud of her and she’s quite focused,” said her dad Nick Burchill. “Hopefully, it will create a nice pathway for monarchs.” Burchill has only seen a handful of monarchs visit her yard and she’s still waiting to see a caterpillar on the milkweed. But she knows what she did is paying off when she sees the endangered butterflies visiting gardens she helps grow. 1．What encouraged Burchill to save the monarch butterflies? A．Her monarch project. B．Her aunt’s suggestion. C．Her research on the butterflies. D．Her experience in her aunt’s garden. 2．Why does Burchill plant swamp milkweed? A．It is becoming endangered. B．It widely grows in her hometown. C．It is much safer than common milkweed. D．It is recognised by the N.S. government. 3．What is the attitude of Burchill’s father towards her action? A．Uninterested. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Worried. 4．Which of the following can best describe Burchill? A．Kind and helpful. B．Brave and honest. C．Strict and creative. D．Careful and easygoing. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了12岁的女孩Vanessa Burchill正在种植并送出数百株马利筋，这样濒临灭绝的帝王蝶就有了安全的降落之地。文章还介绍了她拯救帝王蝶的经过以及取得的成就。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Her plan to save the monarch butterflies began about three years ago when her aunt showed her a chrysalis from her garden. She watched in wonder as a butterfly appeared and made its wings dry.(她拯救帝王蝶的计划始于大约三年前，当时她的姑姑给她看了花园里的一只蝶蛹。她惊奇地看到一只蝴蝶出现了，它擦干了翅膀)”可知，在姑姑花园的经历促使Burchill去拯救帝王蝶。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Burchill grows wetland milkweed. It is far less controllable than common milkweed, its cousin. Common milkweed is considered a harmful weed in U.S. It is often killed by people with chemicals.(Burchill种植湿地马利筋。它远不如普通的马利筋(马利筋的表亲)可控。普通马利筋在美国被认为是一种有害的杂草，它经常被人用化学物质杀死)”可知，Burchill要种植湿地马利筋是因为它比普通马利筋安全得多。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中““We’re very proud of her and she’s quite focused,” said her dad, Nick Burchill. ‘‘Hopefully, it will create a nice pathway for monarchs.”(“我们为她感到骄傲，她很专注，”她的父亲Nick Burchill说。“希望这将为帝王蝶创造一条良好的道路。”) ”可推知，Burchill的父亲对她的行为持支持态度。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“She watched in wonder as a butterfly appeared and made its wings dry.(她惊奇地看到一只蝴蝶出现了，它擦干了翅膀)”说明Burchill很善良。文章第五段讲到“Anyone can message her on Facebook to pick up a pot (盆) of milkweed for free. Each pot has four small plants that people are encouraged to put in a sunny place in their gardens. (任何人都可以在脸书上给她发信息免费获得一盆马利筋草。每个花盆有四种小植物，鼓励人们把它们放在花园里阳光充足的地方。)”可知，Burchill乐于助人。因此Burchill善良且乐于助人。故选A。 （十一） （吉林省白山市2023-2024高一下期末试题） Tea has delighted and fascinated the world for thousands of years. China first started exporting tea during the Ming Dynasty(1368—1644), and the drink has since come to lead humanity’s drinking habits far beyond Asia. It is the most widely consumed drink on Earth today, aside from water and coffee. China’s traditional tea-making was added to the intangible cultural heritage list of UNESCO in 2022. The traditional tea processing techniques and associated social practices in China consist of knowledge, skills and practices concerning the management of tea plantations, picking tea leaves, manual processing, drinking and sharing of tea. Since ancient times, Chinese people have been planting, picking, making and drinking tea. Tea producers have developed six categories of tea: green, yellow, dark, white, oolong and black teas. Together with reprocessed teas, there are over 2,000 tea products in China. Tea-related customs are not only found across the country, but also influence the rest of the world through the ancient Silk Road and trade routes. Tea is everywhere—in families, workplaces, tea houses and restaurants. The practice of greeting guests and building relationships within families and among neighbours through tea-related activities is common to multiple ethnic groups, providing a sense of shared identity and continuity for the communities. In China, 44 registered national-level intangible cultural heritage entries are related to tea. There are over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities that have set up majors in tea science or tea culture, resulting in over 3,000 graduates specialising in tea production and art every year. 1．When did China begin to export tea? A．In 2022. B．Thousands years ago. C．During the Ming Dynasty. D．In 1644. 2．What can be learned from Paragraph 2? A．Tea is quite popular with people all over the country. B．More than 2,000 tea products could be found in China. C．Chinese producers developed seven categories of tea. D．Picking tea leaves is the most important tea processing technique. 3．How does the author promote Chinese tea culture in the last paragraph? A．By listing figures. B．By making definitions. C．By giving examples. D．By making comparisons. 4．Where does this text probably come from? A．A science report. B．A travel journal. C．A story book. D．A cultural magazine. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的传统文化——茶道。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“China first started exporting tea during the Ming Dynasty(1368—1644), and the drink has since come to lead humanity’s drinking habits far beyond Asia.(中国在明朝（1368-1644）期间首次开始出口茶叶，从那以后，这种饮料就引领了人类的饮酒习惯，远远超出了亚洲)”可知，中国是在明朝时期开始出口茶的。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Together with reprocessed teas, there are over 2,000 tea products in China.(加上再加工的茶叶，中国有2000多种茶叶产品)”可知，中国有2000多种茶产品。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In China, 44 registered national-level intangible cultural heritage entries are related to tea. There are over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities that have set up majors in tea science or tea culture, resulting in over 3,000 graduates specialising in tea production and art every year.(在中国，有44个国家级非物质文化遗产项目与茶有关。有40多所职业院校和80多所大学开设了茶学或茶文化专业，每年有3000多名毕业生从事茶叶生产和艺术)”可知，本段是通过列数字的方式来弘扬中国的茶文化。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Tea has delighted and fascinated the world for thousands of years.(几千年来，茶一直为世界所喜爱和着迷)”结合本文主要介绍了中国的传统文化——茶道，与文化有关，可知，本文可能出自一本文化杂志。故选D。 （十二） （吉林省辽源市辽源市田家炳高中五校2023-2024高一下期末试题） Cultural differences do exist, and we can really use them to tighten our relationship as human beings. Because there is strength in diversity. So, we are going to expose some interesting cultural differences around the world in this article. Read some interesting cultures around the world to help you travel out of your homeland! In Greece spitting (吐痰) at weddings is believed to drive away devil (恶魔). Funny as it sounds, this cultural tradition is an important practice. To make it even more shocking, this spitting is focused on the bride. It is seen as good luck to bless the couple. However, Things have been changed in some parts of Greece these days. Wedding guests just face the bride and make sounds and impressions that show they are spitting on her—without actually spitting. Everybody knows the Thai people are so friendly, but their culture demands that you never point your feet at anyone of any statue, especially that of the Buddha. In addition, they also consider the head to be more important than other parts of the body. This is why it is disrespectful to touch another person’s head in Thailand. Statues are not left out. If you see the Buddha statue, avoid touching its head as well. Russians are very hospitable (好客的) people. In their culture food is serious business. Lunch is the most important and heaviest meal. If you get invited by your Russian friend for a meal, don’t ever refuse it-they find it impolite. You might want to skip your own meals to leave space in your stomach for the food you will eat in Russian gatherings. This is very interesting cultural difference between Russian people and other nations. Since there is limited knowledge about cultures outside your own, you won’t be able to really flow with a foreigner. Now, you know some about the cultural differences around the world, so we hope it will make your life easier. 1．Why do Greek spit at wedding? A．To add fun to the wedding. B．To send wishes to the couple. C．To celebrate the new wedding. D．To drive away bad luck and bless the couple. 2．What should be avoided if you are in Thailand? A．Eating too much food for a meal. B．Touching your head in your home. C．Pointing your feet before the Buddha. D．Spiting in your best friend's wedding. 3．What can we learn from paragraph four? A．We should accept their meals in Russia. B．We need to eat as little as we can in Russia. C．We can refuse the food Russian people give. D．We should not arrive late for a meal in Russia. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Beautiful tourist attractions in the world B．The most delicious food in different countries C．Interesting wedding traditions in Asian nations D．Surprising cultural differences around the world 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界各地一些令人惊讶的文化差异。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In Greece spitting (吐痰) at weddings is believed to drive away devil (恶魔)...It is seen as good luck to bless the couple.(在希腊，人们相信在婚礼上吐痰可以驱魔......它被视为好运，是对这对夫妇的祝福。)”可知，在希腊，人们在婚礼上吐痰，这是因为人们认为这可以驱魔，赶走霉运，并且是对这对新婚夫妇的祝福。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Everybody knows the Thai people are so friendly, but their culture demands that you never point your feet at anyone of any statue, especially that of the Buddha.(每个人都知道泰国人很友好，但他们的文化要求你永远不要把脚指向任何雕像，尤其是佛像。)”可知，在泰国，你要避免把你的脚指向佛像，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“If you get invited by your Russian friend for a meal, don’t ever refuse it-they find it impolite.(如果你的俄罗斯朋友邀请你吃饭，千万不要拒绝——他们会觉得这样不礼貌。)”可知，在俄罗斯，如果朋友邀请我们吃饭，我们应该接受，故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“So, we are going to expose some interesting cultural differences around the world in this article. Read some interesting cultures around the world to help you travel out of your homeland!(因此，我们将在这篇文章中揭示世界各地一些有趣的文化差异。阅读一些世界各地有趣的文化，帮助你走出你的家乡！)”可知，文章主要介绍了世界各地一些令人惊讶的文化差异，所以文章最好的标题是D项“Surprising cultural differences around the world(世界各地令人惊讶的文化差异)”，故选D。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$