Unit 4 Space Exploration 单元话题阅读理解练习-2024-2025学年高一英语必修第三册单元重难点易错题精练（人教版2019）

Unit 4 Space Exploration 单元话题阅读理解练习 基础语篇巩固练 （24-25高一上·安徽铜陵·期末）Most teenagers spend their time playing video games or texting, but William Gadoury, a 14-year-old from Canada, had a very different interest. In 2016, he studied ancient Mayan star maps and used satellite images to explore a connection between Mayan cities and stars. William had been interested in the Mayans since he was a child, especially after learning about their calendar and its prediction. What started as a hobby when he was 12 turned into serious research. Using an old Mayan book, the Madrid Codex, he studied 22 star maps and compared them with Google Earth images of the Yucatan Peninsula. He found that 117 Mayan cities lined up with the stars in the maps. But when he studied a 23rd star map, William noticed something strange. There were three stars in the constellation (星座 ), but only two known cities. The third star pointed to a jungle area near the Mexico-Belize border. Thanks to a science competition he had won earlier, William got help from the Canadian Space Agency. Using images from their satellite, he saw what looked like a square structure hidden in the jungle. By looking at more satellite images from NASA and Japan’s Space Agency, he confirmed that there might be an unknown city there. In 2022, William joined archaeologist Francisco Estrada-Bell to visit the site. They found a small farming village deep in the jungle. Experts believe this discovery shows how farming was the backbone of the Maya civilization, allowing them to feed their large population, which may have been in the millions. “What I admired most about William was his curiosity,” Francisco told CBC． “I think that he showed a lot of curiosity as well as imagination. And I think imagination is really important in science, because if you can’t imagine it — if you can’t think of it — you can’t look for it.” Now 21, William has spent half his life studying Mayan constellations — and he’s just getting started. 1．What made William Gadoury different from most teenagers? A．He collected satellite images. B．He refused to use mobile phones. C．He studied Mayan constellations. D．He was lost in playing video games. 2．What did William Gadoury discover about Mayan cities and stars? A．Cities should match star positions. B．Stars guided city planning. C．Stars brightened the cities’ buildings. D．Cities were shaped like stars. 3．What does the underlined words “the backbone” in Para. 5 probably mean? A．The strong teamwork. B．The power tool of the locals. C．The challenging experience. D．The main support or foundation. 4．Which words can best describe William Gadoury? A．Curious and determined. B．Imaginative and friendly. C．Generous and confident. D．Hardworking and carefree. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述14岁的加拿大少年威廉研究玛雅星图和城市与星星的联系，有新发现，他的好奇心和决心令人钦佩。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Most teenagers spend their time playing video games or texting, but William Gadoury, a 14-year-old from Canada, had a very different interest. In 2016, he studied ancient Mayan star maps and used satellite images to explore a connection between Mayan cities and stars.(大多数青少年把时间花在玩电子游戏或发短信上，但来自加拿大的 14 岁少年威廉・加多里却有着截然不同的兴趣。2016 年，他研究了古代玛雅星图，并利用卫星图像探索玛雅城市与星星之间的联系。)”可知，使威廉・加多里与大多数青少年不同的是他研究玛雅星座。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“He found that 117 Mayan cities lined up with the stars in the maps.(他发现 117 座玛雅城市与星图中的星星排列一致。)”可知，威廉・加多里发现玛雅城市应与星星的位置相匹配。故选A项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段“Experts believe this discovery shows how farming was the backbone of the Maya civilization, allowing them to feed their large population, which may have been in the millions.(专家们认为，这一发现表明农业是玛雅文明的 ，使他们能够养活可能达数百万之多的庞大人口。)”并结合语境可知，养活大量人口说明农业对玛雅文明很重要，是主要支撑。所以the backbone意思可能是“主要支撑或基础”。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘What I admired most about William was his curiosity,’ Francisco told CBC. ‘I think that he showed a lot of curiosity as well as imagination. And I think imagination is really important in science, because if you can’t imagine it — if you can’t think of it — you can’t look for it.’ Now 21, William has spent half his life studying Mayan constellations — and he’s just getting started.(弗朗西斯科告诉加拿大广播公司：‘我最钦佩威廉的是他的好奇心。我认为他表现出了很强的好奇心和想象力。我认为想象力在科学中非常重要，因为如果你无法想象它 ——如果你想不到它 ——你就无法去寻找它。’现在 21 岁的威廉已经花了半辈子时间研究玛雅星座 —— 而他才刚刚开始。)”可知，威廉有好奇心，且花了很长时间研究玛雅星座，还会继续下去，说明他有决心。所以可以用“好奇且有决心”来描述他。故选A项。 （24-25高一上·广东深圳·期末）Searching for airfares often seems like a game that passengers are bound to (一定，注定) lose. Prices change from day to day, even minute to minute. Looking through multiple websites for the best deal can be a big challenge. Even when you do book, there’s no guarantee that you are going to get the best price. “You just don’t know when to pull the trigger. It’s not like buying anything else I can think of,” said George Hobica, founder of Airfarewatchdog.com. Harriet Levy paid $179 for a recent round-trip flight on American Airlines between New York and Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Sitting just one row behind her, Shirley Harrison paid $215. A few rows back, Ellis and Dianne Traub paid $317 each. There were at least 12 fares on the flight, ranging from $169 to $360. There’s no reason for it, Harrison said. Fares can vary significantly in just a few hours. One Delta flight from New York to Los Angeles jumped from $755 to $1,143 from a Friday to Saturday in late April, then fell to $718 on Sunday. There’s no way to guarantee the best fare. But before booking, travelers should pay attention to this additional advice: ● Book on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday. That’s when airlines most often offer sales. ● Buy in advance, but not too early. The best time is four to six weeks before traveling. In general, prices for any given flight are highest eight to ten weeks and two to three weeks in advance. ● The so-called discount airlines — JetBlue, Air-Tran, Southwest and Frontier — adjust their fares less frequently than other airlines, so you can feel more confident that the price will stay the same. But their prices aren’t always the lowest. Researching multiple airlines’ fares is the only way to get a good deal. 1．What can we infer from the first sentence of the text? A．Passengers are unable to search for airfares. B．Airlines often play games with passengers. C．Airfares are set in different situations. D．It’s difficult for passengers to get the best price. 2．The underlined phrase “pull the trigger” in Paragraph 3 probably means________. A．start searching B．get the best price C．book a ticket D．get on board the plane 3．By using a lot of figures, the author intends to ________. A．show there is standard price for every single airline B．prove airfares can vary widely C．guarantee passengers a low price D．show the secrets behind airfares 4．Passengers are advised to book flights ________. A．in the middle of the week B．on special websites C．several months before traveling D．with airlines which are famous for offering discount prices 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕机票价格展开，详细说明了机票价格变化频繁、波动大且乘客难以获取最优价格的情况，同时给出了预订机票的实用建议，旨在向读者介绍机票价格的特点及预订窍门，具有说明、解释的功能。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Searching for airfares often seems like a game that passengers are bound to (一定，注定) lose.(搜索机票价格常常似乎像是一场乘客注定会输的游戏。)”以及第二段“Prices change from day to day, even minute to minute. Looking through multiple websites for the best deal can be a big challenge. Even when you do book, there’s no guarantee that you are going to get the best price.(价格每天都在变化，甚至每分钟都在变。浏览多个网站以找到最划算的价格可能是一个巨大的挑战。即使你确实预订了，也不能保证你会得到最优惠的价格。)”可知，寻找机票价格对于乘客来说是件难事，很难得到最优惠的价格。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Even when you do book, there’s no guarantee that you are going to get the best price.(即使你确实预订了，也不能保证你会得到最优惠的价格。)”以及“You just don’t know when to pull the trigger. It’s not like buying anything else I can think of(你只是不知道什么时候该 “ ”。这不像我能想到的其他任何购物行为。)”结合语境，这里说的是不知道什么时候该预订机票，所以pull the trigger意思是“预订机票”。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Harriet Levy paid $139 for a recent round-trip flight on American Airlines between New York and Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Sitting just one row behind her, Shirley Harrison paid $215. A few rows back, Ellis and Dianne Traub paid $313 each. There were at least 12 fares on the flight, ranging from $169 to $360.(哈丽雅特·利维最近乘坐美国航空公司从纽约飞往佛罗里达州劳德代尔堡的往返航班支付了139美元。坐在她后面一排的雪莉·哈里森支付了215美元。再往后几排，埃利斯和黛安·特劳布每人支付了313美元。这次航班上至少有12种票价，从169美元到360美元不等。)”以及第五段“There’s no reason for it, Harrison said. Fares can vary significantly in just a few hours. One Delta flight from New York to Los Angeles jumped from $355 to $1,143 from a Friday to Saturday in late April, then fell to $318 on Sunday.(4 月下旬，达美航空从纽约飞往洛杉矶的一个航班，从周五到周六票价从 355 美元涨到 1143 美元，然后在周日又降至 318 美元。)”可知，作者通过列举不同乘客在同一航班上支付不同价格以及同一航班不同时间价格大幅波动的例子，用大量数据表明机票价格可能会有很大的差异。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Book on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday. That’s when airlines most often offer sales.(在周二、周三和周四预订。那是航空公司最常提供促销活动的时候。)”可知，周二、周三和周四处于一周的中间时段，所以建议乘客在一周中间时段预订航班。故选A项。 （24-25高一上·海南·期末）The American space agency NASA is preparing to send a spaceship to explore more detailed information on water sources on the moon. In a recent statement, NASA said the spaceship passed a series of important tests. It is now completing additional software testing designed to simulate(模拟) different elements of the trip, or mission. The spaceship will use two science instruments to carry out its task. Both instruments are designed to map the moon in search of areas holding water, as well as what forms the water is in.The instruments use X-ray technology to produce highly detailed mapped images, thus allowing us to understand how surface temperature influences water and improving our knowledge of the presence and distribution(分布)of this matter on the moon. The spaceship weighs about 200 kilograms and is about 3.5 meters in length with its solar plate fully opened. The solar plate, which covers an area of about 5 square meters , is an important part. It is made up of high-efficiency solar cells that can turn sunlight into electricity with an impressive conversion rate(转换率) of over 30%, This enables the spaceship to produce about 150 watts of power. The spaceship is designed to provide scientists with new information about how much movement of water molecules(分子) there is on the moon. Understanding whether water molecules move freely across the surface of the moon or are locked inside rock is also scientifically important. NASA has said its search for water on the moon is important because it is seen as a necessary resource(资源) for future exploration activities, Astronauts could turn it into drinking water, or use it to cool equipment, to create oxygen to breathe or even to drive rockets. 1．What is NASA’s new spaceship expected to do on the moon? A．To take detailed photographs of the moon. B．To find out how water is distributed on the moon. C．To collect temperature information on the moon. D．To study how to turn sunlight into electricity on the moon. 2．How does the author introduce the spaceship in paragraph 4? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving examples. C．By making comparisons. D．By explaining working rules. 3．Why is NASA’s search for water on the moon important according to the text? A．It can prove there is life on the moon. B．lt may support future exploration activities. C．It may solve the water shortage problem on earth. D．It can help find new resources on the moon. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Moon Will Become Humans’Second Home B．Breaking News-There ls Water on Moon C．NASA Will Send Spaceship to Study Water on Moon D．Great Challenge-Find Resources for Future Exploration on Moon 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍NASA计划发射一艘宇宙飞船去月球探测水源的详细信息。飞船已通过重要测试，正在做最后的软件测试。此次任务旨在了解月球上水分子的运动情况，为未来探索活动提供支持。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Both instruments are designed to map the moon in search of areas holding water, as well as what forms the water is in.The instruments use X-ray technology to produce highly detailed mapped images, thus allowing us to understand how surface temperature influences water and improving our knowledge of the presence and distribution(分布)of this matter on the moon.(这两种仪器都是为了绘制月球地图，寻找有水的区域，以及水的形式。这些仪器使用x射线技术生成非常详细的地图图像，从而使我们能够了解表面温度如何影响水，并提高我们对月球上水的存在和分布的认识。)”可知，宇宙飞船上配备了两台科学仪器，旨在绘制月球地图，寻找含有水的区域，并了解水的存在形式。因此可知，其目的是找出月球上水的分布情况。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段内容“The spaceship weighs about 200 kilograms and is about 3.5 meters in length with its solar plate fully opened. The solar plate , which covers an area of about 5 square meters , is an important part. It is made up of high-efficiency solar cells that can turn sunlight into electricity with an impressive conversion rate(转换率) of over 30%, This enables the spaceship to produce about 150 watts of power.(这艘宇宙飞船重约200公斤，太阳能板完全打开时长约3.5米。太阳能板，占地面积约5平方米，是一个重要的部分。它由高效太阳能电池组成，可以将太阳光转化为电能，转化率超过30%，这使得飞船能够产生大约150瓦的电力。)”可知，作者提供了具体的细节，如宇宙飞船的重量（约200公斤）、太阳能板完全展开时的长度（约3.5米）、太阳能板的面积（约5平方米）以及电力生产能力（约150瓦）。因此推断作者通过列数字介绍宇宙飞船。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“NASA has said its search for water on the moon is important because it is seen as a necessary resource(资源) for future exploration activities, Astronauts could turn it into drinking water, or use it to cool equipment, to create oxygen to breathe or even to drive rockets.(美国宇航局表示，在月球上寻找水很重要，因为它被视为未来探索活动的必要资源。宇航员可以把它变成饮用水，或者用它来冷却设备，制造氧气来呼吸，甚至驱动火箭。)”可知，月球上的水被视为未来探索活动的必要资源。宇航员可以将其用于多种用途，例如饮用水、冷却设备、制造呼吸用的氧气，甚至驱动火箭。因此可知它可能支持未来的探索活动。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The American space agency NASA is preparing to send a spaceship to explore more detailed information on water sources on the moon.(美国宇航局正准备发射一艘宇宙飞船，探索月球上水源的更详细信息。)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了NASA计划发射宇宙飞船研究月球上的水及其对未来探索活动的重要性。因此推断C项“NASA将发射宇宙飞船研究月球上的水”准确地反映了文本的主要内容，故选C。 （24-25高一上·安徽·阶段练习）Our Earth is surrounded by satellites. From phone calls to weather forecasts, our daily activities depend on them. In August, space welcomed 18 more Chinese satellites. This was the first step in forming a communication network called Qianfan, literally meaning a thousand sails, reported China Daily. Led by Space Sail, a company in Shanghai, the Qianfan project aims to create China’s first massive satellite internet constellation, a network of numerous small satellites in low Earth orbit, working together to provide global Internet coverage. Our goal this year is to launch 108 satellites. Starting from there, the number of satellites in the constellation will eventually be over 10,000, Lu Ben, senior vice president of SpaceSail, told CCTV. Apart from their large number, Qianfan’s satellites are special because they will orbit between 160 kilometers and 2,000 kilometers above Earth’s surface, rather than more than20,000 kilometers away like traditional satellites. The shorter distance brings benefits both technically and financially. Lower orbits are easier and less expensive to reach than higher ones. For users, having such a constellation can be a cause for celebration. As China Daily points out, the Qianfan network will provide high-speed, secure and reliable broadband internet services to users around the world. Whether you are in the mountains or on the seas, you only need a phone to transmit signals to the satellites. Meanwhile, low-Earth-orbit satellites can be a game changer for countries and regions. The constellations they form can gather and transmit large volumes of data, contributing to efficient policy-making in key areas of the national economy like urban planning. This is also why US company SpaceX and OneWeb of the UK are spending tens of billions of dollars on similar network projects, according to the Asian Development Bank. However, as more and more satellites are launched, the space around Earth is becoming crowded. To secure enough “seats” in time for Qianfan’ s satellites, a Shanghai-based engineering center responsible for the satellites production, has gone fully digital, reported Beijing Daily. In this way, close to 650 satellites will be deployed (部署) by the end of next year and Qianfan will be ready by the end of 2030 as planned. 1．What is the purpose of Qianfa n project? A．To provide weather information. B．To promote communication via the Internet. C．To send signals to the mountains. D．To transmit signal to the sea. 2．Which of the following statements is true about Qianfa n project? A．This project has launched 108 satellites. B．China is the only country to carry out this kind of project. C．The project deserves paying money and efforts. D．This project will be ready in 30 years. 3．What is the advantage of Qianfan over traditional satellites? A．Larger numbers. B．Higher orbiting speed. C．More satellites. D．Shorter distance from the earth. 4．What can be a challenge to Qianfa n project? A．Crowded space near the earth. B．Technological barriers. C．Shortage of fund. D．Not enough seats for engineers. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国的一个卫星互联网项目——Qianfan，该项目旨在通过发射大量低轨道卫星来提供全球互联网覆盖，以及它相较于传统卫星的优势和面临的挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“the Qianfan project aims to create China’s first massive satellite internet constellation, a network of numerous small satellites in low Earth orbit, working together to provide global Internet coverage.(千帆计划的目标是创建中国第一个大规模卫星互联网星座，这是一个由众多低地球轨道小卫星组成的网络，共同提供全球互联网覆盖) ”可知，千帆计划的目的是推广互联网通信。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Our goal this year is to launch 108 satellites.(我们今年的目标是发射108颗卫星)”可知，今年的目标是发射108颗卫星而不是已经发射了，所以A项错误；根据第五段“This is also why US company SpaceX and OneWeb of the UK are spending tens of billions of dollars on similar network projects(这也是为什么美国太空探索技术公司和英国OneWeb公司在类似的网络项目上花费数百亿美元)”可知，不仅是中国在进行这个项目，美国和英国都在进行这个项目，所以B项错误；根据最后一段“In this way, close to 650 satellites will be deployed by the end of next year and Qianfan will be ready by the end of 2030 as planned.(通过这种方式，到明年年底将部署近650颗卫星，千帆计划将按计划在2030年底准备就绪)”可知，这个项目将在2030年完成而不是30年后，所以D项错误；根据第四段“The shorter distance brings benefits both technically and financially.(较短的距离在技术和财务上都有好处)”可知，这个项目在技术和财务上都有好处，值得投入资金和努力，故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Apart from their large number, Qianfan’s satellites are special because they will orbit between 160 kilometers and 2,000 kilometers above Earth’s surface, rather than more than 20,000 kilometers away like traditional satellites.(除了数量众多之外，千帆计划的卫星之所以特别，是因为它们将在距离地球表面160公里至2000公里的轨道上运行，而不是像传统卫星那样在距离地球20000公里以上的地方运行)”可知，千帆计划相对于传统卫星的优势是距离地球更近。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“However, as more and more satellites are launched, the space around Earth is becoming crowded.(然而，随着越来越多的卫星发射，地球周围的空间变得越来越拥挤)”可知，对千帆计划的挑战是地球附近的空间拥挤。故选A项。 （23-24高一下·陕西西安·期末）A Japanese company tried to land the first M1 private space vehicle on the Moon. However, on 25 April, 2023, the M1 spacecraft became the latest in a long line of Moon missions that didn’t quite make it. Until now, only three government - funded space agencies have soft - landed on the Moon and only China is successful in its first attempt. Why is it so hard to touch down safely on the Moon? Getting a mission to the Moon, around 384,000 kilometres from the Earth, is much more intricate than sending a satellite into low - Earth orbit — and failures can occur early on, even for missions that don’t plan to land. This happened with NASA’s Lunar Flashlight mission, a small spacecraft that was launched in December, 2022 and was supposed to map the Moon’s ice. Its engines stopped working soon after launch. Even if a lander makes it to the neighborhood of the Moon, it still has to find its way down to the surface with no global - positioning satellites for guidance and virtually no atmosphere to help to slow it down. Once it gets within the critical (关键的) last few kilometres, its software has to deal quickly and autonomously with any last - minute challenges, such as its sensors potentially becoming confused by large amounts of dust kicked up by the engines. To pull off a successful landing in such a challenging environment, the government- funded space agencies have spent huge amount of money on repeated tests and have learned a lot from each failed and successful attempt. “In the 1960s, when the United States and the Soviet Union were racing to land there, they crashed spacecraft after spacecraft before each finally succeeded in 1966,” says Stephen Indyk, director of space systems at Honeybee Robotics in Greenbelt, Maryland. “Without lessons learned from the setbacks (挫折) and successes, it’s a lot to ask of a private company to get it right in the first attempt.” 1．What can be learned about M1 spacecraft? A．It became the latest unsuccessful Mars mission. B．It was launched by an American private company. C．It was the company’s first public- funded space vehicle. D．It failed to soft- land on the surface of the Moon. 2．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “intricate” in Paragraph 3? A．Simple B．Demanding. C．Inflexible. D．Unfortunate. 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The reasons to land on the Moon. B．The necessity of teamwork. C．The landing challenges. D．The costs of space exploration. 4．In which part of a magazine can we read this passage? A．Technology. B．Environment C．Culture. D．Economy. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了月球与地球的距离、月球的环境特点、以及历史上政府资助的太空机构在月球着陆方面的经验和教训，说明了月球着陆的复杂性和挑战性。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A Japanese company tried to land the first M1 private space vehicle on the Moon. However, on 25 April, 2023, the M1 spacecraft became the latest in a long line of Moon missions that didn’t quite make it.(一家日本公司试图将首个MI私人太空飞行器降落在月球上。然而，在2023年4月25日，M1太空飞行器成为了众多未能成功完成的月球任务中的最新一个。)”可知，MI太空飞行器未能成功在月球表面软着陆。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据划线单词下文“failures can occur early on , even for missions that don’t plan to land.(而且即使是不打算着陆的任务，也可能在早期就出现失败)”可推测，执行登月任务比将卫星送入近地轨道要复杂、要求高。选项A“Simple (简单的)”；选项B“Demanding (要求高的)”；选项C“Inflexible (不灵活的)”；选项D“Unfortunate (不幸的)”。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Even if a lander makes it to the neighborhood of the Moon, it still has to find its way down to the surface with no global - positioning satellites for guidance and virtually no atmosphere to help to slow it down. Once it gets within the critical（关键的）last few kilometres, its software has to deal quickly and autonomously with any last - minute challenges, such as its sensors potentially becoming confused by large amounts of dust kicked up by the engines.(即使着陆器到达了月球附近，它仍然需要在没有全球定位卫星引导和几乎没有大气层帮助减速的情况下找到降落到月球表面的路。一旦进入关键的最后几公里，它的软件必须迅速自主地处理任何最后一分钟的挑战，比如它的传感器可能会被引擎扬起的大量灰尘弄糊涂。)”可知，本段主要讲述了在如此具有挑战性的环境中成功着陆需要面对的挑战。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，这篇文章主要讨论了日本公司尝试将首个私人太空飞行器M1降落在月球上但未能成功的情况，以及月球着陆的复杂性和挑战性。文章涉及了太空技术、太空任务和太空探索等方面的内容，这些都是与科技紧密相关的。因此，这篇文章最有可能出现在杂志的“Technology(科技)”部分。故选A。 （23-24高一下·陕西宝鸡·期末）The Mystery of Dark Matter Astronomers have long known that the visible matter in the universe cannot account for all of the gravitational forces that are holding galaxies together. There simply isn’t enough mass in stars, gas, and dust to explain why galaxies aren’t flying apart. The solution to this problem is to postulate (假定) the existence of dark matter, a hypothetical (假定的) substance that can’t be seen but whose presence can be inferred from its gravitational effects. There are several candidate particles (粒子) that might make up dark matter. One of the most popular is the WIMP (weakly interacting massive particle). WIMPs are predicted by some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and they would interact with normal matter only via the weak force and gravity. A number of experiments have been carried out in an attempt to detect WIMPs, but so far none have succeeded. However, new experiments are being developed that will be much more sensitive to the presence of WIMPs. Although the evidence for dark matter is very strong, there is still much that we don’t know about it. For example, we don’t know what dark matter is made of, how much of it there is, or whether it interacts with itself in any way other than through gravity. Despite these uncertainties, the concept of dark matter is very useful for explaining the properties (性质) of the universe on a large scale. In fact, it has become an essential part of our understanding of how the universe evolved. 1．What is the problem that dark matter solves? A．It explains why galaxies are flying apart. B．It accounts for all the matter in the universe. C．It describes the properties of visible matter. D．It provides a hypothetical substance for astronomers to study. 2．What is a WIMP? A．a massive star B．a substance made of gas and dust C．a hypothetical particle that interacts weakly with normal matter. D．a theory that explains the properties of dark matter 3．What is the current status of experiments to detect WIMPs? A．They have all been successful. B．They have all failed. C．They have been inconclusive. D．They are being developed to be more sensitive. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Dark matter is a mysterious substance. B．WIMPs are the key to understanding dark matter. C．Experiments to detect dark matter have been unsuccessful. D．Dark matter is important for explaining the properties of the universe. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是暗物质以及对于暗物质的研究。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“There simply isn’t enough mass in stars, gas, and dust to explain why galaxies aren’t flying apart. The solution to this problem is to postulate (假定) the existence of dark matter, a hypothetical (假定的) substance that can’t be seen but whose presence can be inferred from its gravitational effects.(恒星、气体和尘埃中没有足够的质量来解释为什么星系没有分开。这个问题的解决方案是假设暗物质的存在，这是一种无法看到的假想物质，但可以从它的引力效应推断出它的存在)”可知，暗物质解释了为什么星系会飞离。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“WIMPs are predicted by some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and they would interact with normal matter only via the weak force and gravity.(WIMP是由粒子物理学标准模型的一些扩展所预测的，它们只会通过弱力和引力与正常物质相互作用)”可知，WIMP是一种假想的粒子，它与正常物质的相互作用很弱。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“A number of experiments have been carried out in an attempt to detect WIMPs, but so far none have succeeded. However, new experiments are being developed that will be much more sensitive to the presence of WIMPs.(为了探测WIMP，已经进行了大量的实验，但到目前为止还没有成功。然而，正在开发的新实验将对WIMP的存在更加敏感)”可知，检测WIMP的实验目前正在被开发得更加敏感。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“There simply isn’t enough mass in stars, gas, and dust to explain why galaxies aren’t flying apart. The solution to this problem is to postulate (假定) the existence of dark matter, a hypothetical (假定的) substance that can’t be seen but whose presence can be inferred from its gravitational effects.(恒星、气体和尘埃中没有足够的质量来解释为什么星系没有分开。这个问题的解决方案是假设暗物质的存在，这是一种无法看到的假想物质，但可以从它的引力效应推断出它的存在)”结合文章主要解释了什么是暗物质以及对于暗物质的研究。可知，这篇文章的主旨是暗物质对解释宇宙的性质很重要。故选D。 （23-24高一下·福建福州·期末）Make Space in Your Summer for Free Fun You don’t have to go to the moon to meet an astronaut; You can do it at the Air and Space Museum on July 16. Pioneering pilot Amelia Earhart disappeared on a flight around the globe in 1937. But she’ll be at the National Air and Space Museum on July 16 — the museum’s first Family Day of the season — to tell you all about her adventures. (Okay, it’s actually an actress pretending to be Earhart.) NASA astronaut Patrick Forrester will be there to answer your questions, too. Come and learn how space exploration changed the world. Another Family Day event takes place on July 25. At “Discover the Moon Day!” you can steer (驾驶) a robotic rover (a vehicle for exploring the surface of a planet), examine meteorites (陨石) that were found on the moon, see the capsule (太空舱) that took the Apollo 11 astronauts there and back and view photos of the lunar surface using 3-D glasses. You can create lunar art and take a moon quiz. We’ll give you one example: July 20, 1969.. Do you know what happened that day? National Air and Space Museum Independence Avenue at Sixth Street SW Open daily 10 am to 7: 30 pm through September 1 (with a few early closings at 5: 30 pm; visit our website for details). Family Day programmes are from 10 am to 3 pm. Information specialists are available Monday through Friday from 9 am to 5 pm and Saturday from 9 am to 4 pm. All ages, but best for age 7 and older. For more information, call202-633-2214 or go www.airandspace.si.edu. 1．What can museum visitors do on July 16? A．Create lunar art. B．Step into an unusual capsule. C．Learn about a missing woman pilot’s life. D．See a movie about Earhart’s adventures. 2．What do we know about “Discover the Moon Day!”? A．It includes a moon quiz competition. B．It’s the first Family Day at the museum. C．It features a famous astronaut’s explanations. D．It gives people first-hand experience of space. 3．What’s the closing time for the Family Day programmes? A．3 pm. B．4 pm. C．5:30 pm. D．7:30 pm. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了美国国家航空航天博物馆活动的相关信息。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Pioneering pilot Amelia Earhart disappeared on a flight around the globe in 1937. But she’ll be at the National Air and Space Museum on July 16 — the museum’s first Family Day of the season —to tell you all about her adventures.(1937年，先驱飞行员阿梅莉亚·埃尔哈特在环球飞行中失踪。但她将于7月16日，也就是博物馆本季的第一个家庭日，来到国家航空航天博物馆，向你讲述她的冒险经历)”可知，7月16日，博物馆游客可以了解一名失踪女飞行员的生平。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“At “Discover the Moon Day!” you can steer (驾驶) a robotic rover (a vehicle for exploring the surface of a planet), examine meteorites (陨石) that were found on the moon, see the capsule (太空舱) that took the Apollo 11 astronauts there and back and view photos of the lunar surface using 3-D glasses.(在“发现月球日”，你可以驾驶机器人漫游车（一种探索行星表面的工具），检查在月球上发现的陨石，观看阿波罗11号宇航员乘坐的太空舱，并使用3D眼镜来回观看月球表面的照片)”可知，该活动给人们提供亲身体验太空的机会。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Family Day programmes are from 10 am to 3 pm.(家庭日节目时间为上午10时至下午3时)”可知，家庭日节目于下午3时结束。故选A。 （23-24高一下·重庆·期末）Instant Expert: Wonders of Space Saturday 17th July, 10 a.m. — 5 p.m. Cavendish Conference Centre, London Join us for a day of exploring the wonders of outer space with six leading scientists. You will start where everything began — at the Big Bang. Throughout the day, you will hear about everything from the exploration of Mars to the discovery of liveable planets. Who should attend? Anyone interested in the secrets of space, whatever your age or background. Whether you’re a scientist,a student or simply an attracted human being, our event offers the chance to learn directly from the experts at our one-day masterclass. Benefits of attending: ·Open your mind and be inspired. ·Talk with like-minded people through the informal set-up. ·Meet our six speakers and ask your burning questions. What’s included in your ticket: ·In-depth and interesting talks from six leading scientists. ·A buffet lunch, including morning and afternoon drinks and snacks. ·An Instant Expert certificate (证明书) provided by event organizers. Booking information: We will email you your ticket immediately after your payment. Please remember to bring your ticket with you as you’ll need it to enter. We can scan (扫描) tickets from a printout, or off the screen of a phone. A Limited number of discounted early bird tickets priced at£ 129 will be offered. You can save£20 per ticket. 1．Who is the event intended for? A．Science students. B．Space fans. C．Leading scientists. D．Research experts. 2．What can people expect from the event? A．Parties with event organizers. B．Free meals throughout the day. C．Certificates from famous schools. D．Face-to-face meetings with scientists. 3．What should people do if they want to save money? A．Buy tickets early. B．Choose digital tickets. C．Reserve tickets online. D．Print tickets in advance. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一场关于太空奇迹的会议，包括进行演讲的科学家、与会人员以及如何预订票等相关信息。 1． 细节理解题。根据文章Who should attend?部分中的“Anyone interested in the secrets of space, whatever your age or background. Whether you’re a scientist,a student or simply an attracted human being, our event offers the chance to learn directly from the experts at our one-day masterclass.(任何对太空秘密感兴趣的人，无论你的年龄或背景如何。无论你是科学家、学生还是被吸引的人，我们的活动都提供了在为期一天的大师班上直接向专家学习的机会。)”可知，所有的太空迷都可以参加这次会议。故选B项。 2． 推理判断题。根据第二段“Join us for a day of exploring the wonders of outer space with six leading scientists.（加入我们，与六位顶尖科学家一起探索外太空的奇迹。）”以及jBenefits of attending部分中的“Meet our six speakers and ask your burning questions.(与我们的六位演讲者见面，并提出你迫切需要解决的问题。)”可知，与会者可以拥有与科学家们面对面交流的机会。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“A Limited number of discounted early bird tickets priced at£ 129 will be offered. You can save£20 per ticket.(将提供数量有限的折扣早鸟票，价格为129英镑。每张票可以节省20英镑。)”可推断，想要省钱可以尽早购买早鸟票。故选A项。 重难语篇拔高练 （24-25高一上·湖北·开学考试）Space Day of China falls on April 24 every year, during which the country celebrates its achievements and developments in space exploration. One of the most notable accomplishments is the country’s manned space missions. Ever since Yang Liwei made it to space in 2003, as many as 20 Chinese astronauts, including a civilian, have traveled to space. Alongside having to endure the physical impact of the weightless environment of space, there is also the mental impact of isolation and confinement that comes from living in a small spacecraft for months. What’s more, potential emergencies during missions test astronauts’ knowledge and problem-solving abilities in high-pressure environments. So it’s no wonder that astronauts have to meet extremely high standards and go through a tough training program. To make sure that Chinese astronauts complete their missions and return to Earth safely, eight types, including over 200 subjects of training, are set. Huang Weifen, chief designer of the astronaut system for China’s manned space project, told CCTV News. Apart from physical fitness training, it also encompasses basic scientific theories, psychological health，and mock(模拟)missions. Each astronaut receives training for at least three and a half years before having the chance to go to space. Of all the training subjects, none is more physically demanding than underwater training. It is designed to help astronauts adapt to the micro-gravity environment in space. According to Huang, astronauts stay underwater in suits weighing over 100 kilograms for six hours at a time: The combined challenge of water resistance and wearing a heavy suit make every move exhausting. “Nie Haisheng (one of the astronauts) once reported a two-kilogram loss in weight after one underwater training exercise,” said Huang. Since the third-generation astronaut selection process began in 2018, civilians with expertise in aeronautics have also been invited to apply, as they can contribute to space missions as payload specialists. In May 2023,Professor Gui Haichao became the first civilian to travel to space, participating in the Shenzhou XVI mission. While the physiological standards for civilian astronauts are slightly more relaxed, their expertise and scientific knowledge requirements are higher, as noted by Yang Liwei, a chief planner of China’s manned space program. 1．What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? A．The historical milestones of China’s space missions. B．The physical and mental challenges astronauts face in space. C．The equipment used by Chinese astronauts during space missions. D．The training programs required for becoming an astronaut. 2．Why is Nie Haisheng mentioned in the fourth paragraph? A．to highlight the physical demands of underwater training. B．to illustrate the challenges faced during space missions. C．to explain the importance of weight management for astronauts. D．to show the diversity of training exercises astronauts undergo. 3．How important is Gil Flaichao’s involvement in the Shenzhou XVI mission? A．He led the training program for ‘China’s manned space missions. B．He conducted the experiment in space as  an astronaut. C．He helped improve the physiological standards for astronauts. D．He is the first civilian astronaut to empower China’s space mission. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．China’s Journey to the Stars B．The Development of Chinese Space Missions C．Hard Training Pays Off D．The Challenges and Victories of Chinese Astronauts 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了中国宇航员所经历的严格训练以及这些训练对他们成功完成太空任务的重要性以及各种训练类型，包括身体训练、心理健康、模拟任务等，特别强调了最具挑战性的水下训练。 1．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Alongside having to endure the physical impact of the weightless environment of space, there is also the mental impact of isolation and confinement that comes from living in a small spacecraft for months. What’s more, potential emergencies during missions test astronauts’ knowledge and problem-solving abilities in high-pressure environments. So it’s no wonder that astronauts have to meet extremely high standards and go through a tough training program.(除了要忍受太空失重环境对身体的影响外，在小型航天器中生活数月所带来的隔离和禁闭也会对精神造成影响。更重要的是，任务中潜在的紧急情况考验着宇航员在高压环境下的知识和解决问题的能力。因此，宇航员必须达到极高的标准，并经历严格的训练计划也就不足为奇了)”可知，第二段提到中国宇航员在太空中面对的身体和心理挑战，包括失重环境带来的身体影响、长时间的隔离和紧急情况对知识和解决问题能力的考验。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The combined challenge of water resistance and wearing a heavy suit make every move exhausting. “Nie Haisheng (one of the astronauts) once reported a two-kilogram loss in weight after one underwater training exercise,” said Huang.(既要防水，又要穿着厚重的西装，每一个动作都让人筋疲力尽。“聂海胜（其中一名宇航员）曾经报告说，在一次水下训练后，体重减轻了两公斤，”黄说)”可知，提到聂海胜的目的是为了说明水下训练的体力要求极高，他在一次水下训练后体重减少了2公斤。这一例子突出了水下训练的高强度，故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In May 2023,Professor Gui Haichao became the first civilian to travel to space, participating in the Shenzhou XVI mission.(2023年5月，桂海潮教授参加了神舟十六号任务，成为首位进入太空的平民。)”提到桂海潮是第一位参与中国空间任务的平民宇航员，这标志着中国航天任务中的一个重要进步。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Alongside having to endure the physical impact of the weightless environment of space, there is also the mental impact of isolation and confinement that comes from living in a small spacecraft for months. What’s more, potential emergencies during missions test astronauts’ knowledge and problem-solving abilities in high-pressure environments. So it’s no wonder that astronauts have to meet extremely high standards and go through a tough training program.(除了要忍受太空失重环境对身体的影响外，在小型航天器中生活数月所带来的隔离和禁闭也会对精神造成影响。更重要的是，任务中潜在的紧急情况考验着宇航员在高压环境下的知识和解决问题的能力。因此，宇航员必须达到极高的标准，并经历严格的训练计划也就不足为奇了)”以及全文可知，文章描述了中国宇航员所经历的严格训练以及这些训练对他们成功完成太空任务的重要性并详细介绍了各种训练类型，包括身体训练、心理健康、模拟任务等，特别强调了最具挑战性的水下训练。所有这些训练的目的是为了确保宇航员能够成功应对太空中的各种挑战，并安全返回地球。C项：Hard Training Pays Off(艰苦的训练有回报)合乎题意。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Space Exploration 单元话题阅读理解练习 基础语篇巩固练 （24-25高一上·安徽铜陵·期末）Most teenagers spend their time playing video games or texting, but William Gadoury, a 14-year-old from Canada, had a very different interest. In 2016, he studied ancient Mayan star maps and used satellite images to explore a connection between Mayan cities and stars. William had been interested in the Mayans since he was a child, especially after learning about their calendar and its prediction. What started as a hobby when he was 12 turned into serious research. Using an old Mayan book, the Madrid Codex, he studied 22 star maps and compared them with Google Earth images of the Yucatan Peninsula. He found that 117 Mayan cities lined up with the stars in the maps. But when he studied a 23rd star map, William noticed something strange. There were three stars in the constellation (星座 ), but only two known cities. The third star pointed to a jungle area near the Mexico-Belize border. Thanks to a science competition he had won earlier, William got help from the Canadian Space Agency. Using images from their satellite, he saw what looked like a square structure hidden in the jungle. By looking at more satellite images from NASA and Japan’s Space Agency, he confirmed that there might be an unknown city there. In 2022, William joined archaeologist Francisco Estrada-Bell to visit the site. They found a small farming village deep in the jungle. Experts believe this discovery shows how farming was the backbone of the Maya civilization, allowing them to feed their large population, which may have been in the millions. “What I admired most about William was his curiosity,” Francisco told CBC． “I think that he showed a lot of curiosity as well as imagination. And I think imagination is really important in science, because if you can’t imagine it — if you can’t think of it — you can’t look for it.” Now 21, William has spent half his life studying Mayan constellations — and he’s just getting started. 1．What made William Gadoury different from most teenagers? A．He collected satellite images. B．He refused to use mobile phones. C．He studied Mayan constellations. D．He was lost in playing video games. 2．What did William Gadoury discover about Mayan cities and stars? A．Cities should match star positions. B．Stars guided city planning. C．Stars brightened the cities’ buildings. D．Cities were shaped like stars. 3．What does the underlined words “the backbone” in Para. 5 probably mean? A．The strong teamwork. B．The power tool of the locals. C．The challenging experience. D．The main support or foundation. 4．Which words can best describe William Gadoury? A．Curious and determined. B．Imaginative and friendly. C．Generous and confident. D．Hardworking and carefree. （24-25高一上·广东深圳·期末）Searching for airfares often seems like a game that passengers are bound to (一定，注定) lose. Prices change from day to day, even minute to minute. Looking through multiple websites for the best deal can be a big challenge. Even when you do book, there’s no guarantee that you are going to get the best price. “You just don’t know when to pull the trigger. It’s not like buying anything else I can think of,” said George Hobica, founder of Airfarewatchdog.com. Harriet Levy paid $179 for a recent round-trip flight on American Airlines between New York and Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Sitting just one row behind her, Shirley Harrison paid $215. A few rows back, Ellis and Dianne Traub paid $317 each. There were at least 12 fares on the flight, ranging from $169 to $360. There’s no reason for it, Harrison said. Fares can vary significantly in just a few hours. One Delta flight from New York to Los Angeles jumped from $755 to $1,143 from a Friday to Saturday in late April, then fell to $718 on Sunday. There’s no way to guarantee the best fare. But before booking, travelers should pay attention to this additional advice: ● Book on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday. That’s when airlines most often offer sales. ● Buy in advance, but not too early. The best time is four to six weeks before traveling. In general, prices for any given flight are highest eight to ten weeks and two to three weeks in advance. ● The so-called discount airlines — JetBlue, Air-Tran, Southwest and Frontier — adjust their fares less frequently than other airlines, so you can feel more confident that the price will stay the same. But their prices aren’t always the lowest. Researching multiple airlines’ fares is the only way to get a good deal. 1．What can we infer from the first sentence of the text? A．Passengers are unable to search for airfares. B．Airlines often play games with passengers. C．Airfares are set in different situations. D．It’s difficult for passengers to get the best price. 2．The underlined phrase “pull the trigger” in Paragraph 3 probably means________. A．start searching B．get the best price C．book a ticket D．get on board the plane 3．By using a lot of figures, the author intends to ________. A．show there is standard price for every single airline B．prove airfares can vary widely C．guarantee passengers a low price D．show the secrets behind airfares 4．Passengers are advised to book flights ________. A．in the middle of the week B．on special websites C．several months before traveling D．with airlines which are famous for offering discount prices （24-25高一上·海南·期末）The American space agency NASA is preparing to send a spaceship to explore more detailed information on water sources on the moon. In a recent statement, NASA said the spaceship passed a series of important tests. It is now completing additional software testing designed to simulate(模拟) different elements of the trip, or mission. The spaceship will use two science instruments to carry out its task. Both instruments are designed to map the moon in search of areas holding water, as well as what forms the water is in.The instruments use X-ray technology to produce highly detailed mapped images, thus allowing us to understand how surface temperature influences water and improving our knowledge of the presence and distribution(分布)of this matter on the moon. The spaceship weighs about 200 kilograms and is about 3.5 meters in length with its solar plate fully opened. The solar plate, which covers an area of about 5 square meters , is an important part. It is made up of high-efficiency solar cells that can turn sunlight into electricity with an impressive conversion rate(转换率) of over 30%, This enables the spaceship to produce about 150 watts of power. The spaceship is designed to provide scientists with new information about how much movement of water molecules(分子) there is on the moon. Understanding whether water molecules move freely across the surface of the moon or are locked inside rock is also scientifically important. NASA has said its search for water on the moon is important because it is seen as a necessary resource(资源) for future exploration activities, Astronauts could turn it into drinking water, or use it to cool equipment, to create oxygen to breathe or even to drive rockets. 1．What is NASA’s new spaceship expected to do on the moon? A．To take detailed photographs of the moon. B．To find out how water is distributed on the moon. C．To collect temperature information on the moon. D．To study how to turn sunlight into electricity on the moon. 2．How does the author introduce the spaceship in paragraph 4? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving examples. C．By making comparisons. D．By explaining working rules. 3．Why is NASA’s search for water on the moon important according to the text? A．It can prove there is life on the moon. B．lt may support future exploration activities. C．It may solve the water shortage problem on earth. D．It can help find new resources on the moon. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Moon Will Become Humans’Second Home B．Breaking News-There ls Water on Moon C．NASA Will Send Spaceship to Study Water on Moon D．Great Challenge-Find Resources for Future Exploration on Moon （24-25高一上·安徽·阶段练习）Our Earth is surrounded by satellites. From phone calls to weather forecasts, our daily activities depend on them. In August, space welcomed 18 more Chinese satellites. This was the first step in forming a communication network called Qianfan, literally meaning a thousand sails, reported China Daily. Led by Space Sail, a company in Shanghai, the Qianfan project aims to create China’s first massive satellite internet constellation, a network of numerous small satellites in low Earth orbit, working together to provide global Internet coverage. Our goal this year is to launch 108 satellites. Starting from there, the number of satellites in the constellation will eventually be over 10,000, Lu Ben, senior vice president of SpaceSail, told CCTV. Apart from their large number, Qianfan’s satellites are special because they will orbit between 160 kilometers and 2,000 kilometers above Earth’s surface, rather than more than20,000 kilometers away like traditional satellites. The shorter distance brings benefits both technically and financially. Lower orbits are easier and less expensive to reach than higher ones. For users, having such a constellation can be a cause for celebration. As China Daily points out, the Qianfan network will provide high-speed, secure and reliable broadband internet services to users around the world. Whether you are in the mountains or on the seas, you only need a phone to transmit signals to the satellites. Meanwhile, low-Earth-orbit satellites can be a game changer for countries and regions. The constellations they form can gather and transmit large volumes of data, contributing to efficient policy-making in key areas of the national economy like urban planning. This is also why US company SpaceX and OneWeb of the UK are spending tens of billions of dollars on similar network projects, according to the Asian Development Bank. However, as more and more satellites are launched, the space around Earth is becoming crowded. To secure enough “seats” in time for Qianfan’ s satellites, a Shanghai-based engineering center responsible for the satellites production, has gone fully digital, reported Beijing Daily. In this way, close to 650 satellites will be deployed (部署) by the end of next year and Qianfan will be ready by the end of 2030 as planned. 1．What is the purpose of Qianfa n project? A．To provide weather information. B．To promote communication via the Internet. C．To send signals to the mountains. D．To transmit signal to the sea. 2．Which of the following statements is true about Qianfa n project? A．This project has launched 108 satellites. B．China is the only country to carry out this kind of project. C．The project deserves paying money and efforts. D．This project will be ready in 30 years. 3．What is the advantage of Qianfan over traditional satellites? A．Larger numbers. B．Higher orbiting speed. C．More satellites. D．Shorter distance from the earth. 4．What can be a challenge to Qianfa n project? A．Crowded space near the earth. B．Technological barriers. C．Shortage of fund. D．Not enough seats for engineers. （23-24高一下·陕西西安·期末）A Japanese company tried to land the first M1 private space vehicle on the Moon. However, on 25 April, 2023, the M1 spacecraft became the latest in a long line of Moon missions that didn’t quite make it. Until now, only three government - funded space agencies have soft - landed on the Moon and only China is successful in its first attempt. Why is it so hard to touch down safely on the Moon? Getting a mission to the Moon, around 384,000 kilometres from the Earth, is much more intricate than sending a satellite into low - Earth orbit — and failures can occur early on, even for missions that don’t plan to land. This happened with NASA’s Lunar Flashlight mission, a small spacecraft that was launched in December, 2022 and was supposed to map the Moon’s ice. Its engines stopped working soon after launch. Even if a lander makes it to the neighborhood of the Moon, it still has to find its way down to the surface with no global - positioning satellites for guidance and virtually no atmosphere to help to slow it down. Once it gets within the critical (关键的) last few kilometres, its software has to deal quickly and autonomously with any last - minute challenges, such as its sensors potentially becoming confused by large amounts of dust kicked up by the engines. To pull off a successful landing in such a challenging environment, the government- funded space agencies have spent huge amount of money on repeated tests and have learned a lot from each failed and successful attempt. “In the 1960s, when the United States and the Soviet Union were racing to land there, they crashed spacecraft after spacecraft before each finally succeeded in 1966,” says Stephen Indyk, director of space systems at Honeybee Robotics in Greenbelt, Maryland. “Without lessons learned from the setbacks (挫折) and successes, it’s a lot to ask of a private company to get it right in the first attempt.” 1．What can be learned about M1 spacecraft? A．It became the latest unsuccessful Mars mission. B．It was launched by an American private company. C．It was the company’s first public- funded space vehicle. D．It failed to soft- land on the surface of the Moon. 2．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “intricate” in Paragraph 3? A．Simple B．Demanding. C．Inflexible. D．Unfortunate. 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The reasons to land on the Moon. B．The necessity of teamwork. C．The landing challenges. D．The costs of space exploration. 4．In which part of a magazine can we read this passage? A．Technology. B．Environment C．Culture. D．Economy. （23-24高一下·陕西宝鸡·期末）The Mystery of Dark Matter Astronomers have long known that the visible matter in the universe cannot account for all of the gravitational forces that are holding galaxies together. There simply isn’t enough mass in stars, gas, and dust to explain why galaxies aren’t flying apart. The solution to this problem is to postulate (假定) the existence of dark matter, a hypothetical (假定的) substance that can’t be seen but whose presence can be inferred from its gravitational effects. There are several candidate particles (粒子) that might make up dark matter. One of the most popular is the WIMP (weakly interacting massive particle). WIMPs are predicted by some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and they would interact with normal matter only via the weak force and gravity. A number of experiments have been carried out in an attempt to detect WIMPs, but so far none have succeeded. However, new experiments are being developed that will be much more sensitive to the presence of WIMPs. Although the evidence for dark matter is very strong, there is still much that we don’t know about it. For example, we don’t know what dark matter is made of, how much of it there is, or whether it interacts with itself in any way other than through gravity. Despite these uncertainties, the concept of dark matter is very useful for explaining the properties (性质) of the universe on a large scale. In fact, it has become an essential part of our understanding of how the universe evolved. 1．What is the problem that dark matter solves? A．It explains why galaxies are flying apart. B．It accounts for all the matter in the universe. C．It describes the properties of visible matter. D．It provides a hypothetical substance for astronomers to study. 2．What is a WIMP? A．a massive star B．a substance made of gas and dust C．a hypothetical particle that interacts weakly with normal matter. D．a theory that explains the properties of dark matter 3．What is the current status of experiments to detect WIMPs? A．They have all been successful. B．They have all failed. C．They have been inconclusive. D．They are being developed to be more sensitive. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Dark matter is a mysterious substance. B．WIMPs are the key to understanding dark matter. C．Experiments to detect dark matter have been unsuccessful. D．Dark matter is important for explaining the properties of the universe. （23-24高一下·福建福州·期末）Make Space in Your Summer for Free Fun You don’t have to go to the moon to meet an astronaut; You can do it at the Air and Space Museum on July 16. Pioneering pilot Amelia Earhart disappeared on a flight around the globe in 1937. But she’ll be at the National Air and Space Museum on July 16 — the museum’s first Family Day of the season — to tell you all about her adventures. (Okay, it’s actually an actress pretending to be Earhart.) NASA astronaut Patrick Forrester will be there to answer your questions, too. Come and learn how space exploration changed the world. Another Family Day event takes place on July 25. At “Discover the Moon Day!” you can steer (驾驶) a robotic rover (a vehicle for exploring the surface of a planet), examine meteorites (陨石) that were found on the moon, see the capsule (太空舱) that took the Apollo 11 astronauts there and back and view photos of the lunar surface using 3-D glasses. You can create lunar art and take a moon quiz. We’ll give you one example: July 20, 1969.. Do you know what happened that day? National Air and Space Museum Independence Avenue at Sixth Street SW Open daily 10 am to 7: 30 pm through September 1 (with a few early closings at 5: 30 pm; visit our website for details). Family Day programmes are from 10 am to 3 pm. Information specialists are available Monday through Friday from 9 am to 5 pm and Saturday from 9 am to 4 pm. All ages, but best for age 7 and older. For more information, call202-633-2214 or go www.airandspace.si.edu. 1．What can museum visitors do on July 16? A．Create lunar art. B．Step into an unusual capsule. C．Learn about a missing woman pilot’s life. D．See a movie about Earhart’s adventures. 2．What do we know about “Discover the Moon Day!”? A．It includes a moon quiz competition. B．It’s the first Family Day at the museum. C．It features a famous astronaut’s explanations. D．It gives people first-hand experience of space. 3．What’s the closing time for the Family Day programmes? A．3 pm. B．4 pm. C．5:30 pm. D．7:30 pm. （23-24高一下·重庆·期末）Instant Expert: Wonders of Space Saturday 17th July, 10 a.m. — 5 p.m. Cavendish Conference Centre, London Join us for a day of exploring the wonders of outer space with six leading scientists. You will start where everything began — at the Big Bang. Throughout the day, you will hear about everything from the exploration of Mars to the discovery of liveable planets. Who should attend? Anyone interested in the secrets of space, whatever your age or background. Whether you’re a scientist,a student or simply an attracted human being, our event offers the chance to learn directly from the experts at our one-day masterclass. Benefits of attending: ·Open your mind and be inspired. ·Talk with like-minded people through the informal set-up. ·Meet our six speakers and ask your burning questions. What’s included in your ticket: ·In-depth and interesting talks from six leading scientists. ·A buffet lunch, including morning and afternoon drinks and snacks. ·An Instant Expert certificate (证明书) provided by event organizers. Booking information: We will email you your ticket immediately after your payment. Please remember to bring your ticket with you as you’ll need it to enter. We can scan (扫描) tickets from a printout, or off the screen of a phone. A Limited number of discounted early bird tickets priced at£ 129 will be offered. You can save£20 per ticket. 1．Who is the event intended for? A．Science students. B．Space fans. C．Leading scientists. D．Research experts. 2．What can people expect from the event? A．Parties with event organizers. B．Free meals throughout the day. C．Certificates from famous schools. D．Face-to-face meetings with scientists. 3．What should people do if they want to save money? A．Buy tickets early. B．Choose digital tickets. C．Reserve tickets online. D．Print tickets in advance. 重难语篇拔高练 （24-25高一上·湖北·开学考试）Space Day of China falls on April 24 every year, during which the country celebrates its achievements and developments in space exploration. One of the most notable accomplishments is the country’s manned space missions. Ever since Yang Liwei made it to space in 2003, as many as 20 Chinese astronauts, including a civilian, have traveled to space. Alongside having to endure the physical impact of the weightless environment of space, there is also the mental impact of isolation and confinement that comes from living in a small spacecraft for months. What’s more, potential emergencies during missions test astronauts’ knowledge and problem-solving abilities in high-pressure environments. So it’s no wonder that astronauts have to meet extremely high standards and go through a tough training program. To make sure that Chinese astronauts complete their missions and return to Earth safely, eight types, including over 200 subjects of training, are set. Huang Weifen, chief designer of the astronaut system for China’s manned space project, told CCTV News. Apart from physical fitness training, it also encompasses basic scientific theories, psychological health，and mock(模拟)missions. Each astronaut receives training for at least three and a half years before having the chance to go to space. Of all the training subjects, none is more physically demanding than underwater training. It is designed to help astronauts adapt to the micro-gravity environment in space. According to Huang, astronauts stay underwater in suits weighing over 100 kilograms for six hours at a time: The combined challenge of water resistance and wearing a heavy suit make every move exhausting. “Nie Haisheng (one of the astronauts) once reported a two-kilogram loss in weight after one underwater training exercise,” said Huang. Since the third-generation astronaut selection process began in 2018, civilians with expertise in aeronautics have also been invited to apply, as they can contribute to space missions as payload specialists. In May 2023,Professor Gui Haichao became the first civilian to travel to space, participating in the Shenzhou XVI mission. While the physiological standards for civilian astronauts are slightly more relaxed, their expertise and scientific knowledge requirements are higher, as noted by Yang Liwei, a chief planner of China’s manned space program. 1．What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? A．The historical milestones of China’s space missions. B．The physical and mental challenges astronauts face in space. C．The equipment used by Chinese astronauts during space missions. D．The training programs required for becoming an astronaut. 2．Why is Nie Haisheng mentioned in the fourth paragraph? A．to highlight the physical demands of underwater training. B．to illustrate the challenges faced during space missions. C．to explain the importance of weight management for astronauts. D．to show the diversity of training exercises astronauts undergo. 3．How important is Gil Flaichao’s involvement in the Shenzhou XVI mission? A．He led the training program for ‘China’s manned space missions. B．He conducted the experiment in space as  an astronaut. C．He helped improve the physiological standards for astronauts. D．He is the first civilian astronaut to empower China’s space mission. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．China’s Journey to the Stars B．The Development of Chinese Space Missions C．Hard Training Pays Off D．The Challenges and Victories of Chinese Astronauts 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$