精品解析：上海市建平中学2024-2025学年高一下学期3月教学质量检测英语试卷

建平中学2024学年第二学期3月教学质量检测 高一英语试卷 (考试时间120分钟 满分150分) I. Listening Comprehension Section A(10%) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. A teacher. B. A salesman. C. A hotel manager. D. A policeman. 2. A. July 10. B. July 27. C. July 13. D. July 30. 3. A. He does not want any mixed grill (烤肉). B. There is no more mixed grill left. C. Mixed grill is his favorite food. D. He is too full to have any meat. 4. A. To appreciate famous sculptures. B. To learn skills of paintings. C. To look after her sister. D. To visit the modern art exhibition. 5. A. The man should get up early in the morning. B. The man can find the time if he makes up his mind. C. It is a bad habit to learn English late in the evening. D. It really takes time to have a good command of English. 6. A. Asking Simon and Sally for help. B. Decorating the house. C. Preparing for a party. D. Purchasing the food. 7. A. He falls asleep when watching the film. B. He does not enjoy the film very much. C. He holds a different view from the woman’s. D. He doesn’t know how long the film is. 8. A. Purple blouses made from pure silk. B. 100% silk blouses in navy blue. C. Fashionable blouses in bright colors. D. Something to match her purple blouse. 9. A. The woman broke her arm while doing the project. B. The man wishes the woman could go on with the project. C. It takes the doctor a month to cure the woman’s broken leg. D. The woman can now come back to do her unfinished project. 10. A. He has no idea how to play football games. B. He thinks the team has already been eliminated. C. He finds it hard to believe the team will enter the national game. D. He does not know whether the team has entered the national game or not. Section B(10%) Directions: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s) and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. 8:30. B. 9:00. C. 8:45. D. 9:15. 12. A. When the interview begins, you should always shake hands with the interviewer first. B. If you understand a question, you should answer it as quickly as possible. C. Your answer should contain all the skills you have to impress the interviewer. D A good response can help you sell yourself to the interviewer as the best candidate 13. A. Ask about the next step in the hiring process. B. Offer to shake hands with the interviewer again. C. Ask more questions about the position and the salary. D. Take the opportunity to catch your breath and stay calm. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. It is based on tests of as many as 6, 000 people. B. It investigates the long-term effects of cleaning chemicals. C. It is the first study to look into the influence of cleaning chemicals. D. It compares the influence of cleaning chemicals on men and women respectively. 15. A. Lung function decline caused by cleaning chemicals progresses slowly. B. The lung function depends on the amount of air taken in. C. Men might be more likely to be affected by the chemicals’ effects than women. D. Frequent use of cleaning chemicals causes slight damage to lung function. 16. A. The function and usage of cleaning chemicals. B The different reaction of men and women to cleaning chemicals. C. The impact of cleaning chemicals on lung function. D. Methods for avoiding the impact of cleaning chemicals. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. People can drive their cars at a high speed on the PRT system. B. Each car on the PRT system can carry 300 passengers at a time. C. The cars running on the PRT system can be controlled by a wire. D. The power that sets the cars on the PRT system running comes from the sun. 18. A. Traffic jams in Masdar City. B. Building more roads with narrow lanes. C. Solutions to traffic jams. D. Encouraging people to cycle more. 19 A. Taxi drivers. B. Shop assistants. C. Teachers and students. D. The elderly and the sick. 20. A. The benefit of cycling lies in that more people can travel at the same time. B. The man thinks that building more roads with wider lanes is not a perfect solution. C. The woman thinks riding bicycle is practical on rainy days. D. The woman thinks it is very expensive to build more roads. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A(12%) Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. Across various social media platforms, keywords related to Citywalk ______ popularity as an increasing number of individuals post their personal stories online. A. are gaining B. gaining C. gained D. has gained 2. Kathy reached the company out of breath only ______ that the meeting had been put off. A. told B. to be told C. being told D. having told 3. Despite ________ by several publishers, J. D. Salinger refused ________. A. rejected; to give up B. being rejected; to give up C. rejected; giving up D. being rejected; giving up 4. This team is said ______a new AI model, but do you know when they will finish it? A. to having designed B. designing C. to be designing D. to have designed 5. The frequent use of foreign words and cyber-words could lead to ______ the beauty of traditional Chinese. A. people forgetting B. people to forget C. people forgotten D. people have forgotten 6. One of Kleitman’s best-known experiments involved ________ 32 days in a dark cave as he worked ________ light on the limits of the body’s inbuilt biological clock. A. spent, shedding B. spent, to shed C. spending, shedding D. spending, to shed 7. The earliest sculpture in China dates back to the Zhou and Shang dynasties, ______ clay and wooden sculptures were placed in tombs to guide the dead on their way to heaven. A. which B. whether C. when D. where 8. I’m a climate reporter focusing on extreme weather, living in the Pacific Palisades, and the forecasts ______ gusts (强风) of up to 160 km/h put me on edge. A. predicting B. preventing C. preserving D. permitting 9. The geopolitical crisis worsened by the sudden collapse of multilateral trade agreements caused foreign direct investment flows to ______ shift toward emerging markets — a speed which was never seen in modern economic history. A. gradually B. temporarily C. unconsciously D. dramatically 10. Turning a deaf ear to multiple interventions from friends who noticed her deteriorating sleep patterns, Emma secretly scrolled her phone these nights — a stubborn ______ to digital devices that rendered all suggestions ineffective. A. admission B. approach C. addiction D. resistance 11. Faced with a series of powerful evidence provided by witnesses and allegations by lawyers, he ______ his innocence and denied everything. A. implied B. maintained C. gained D. recognized 12. Despite mounting evidence of irreversible damages, the government’s continued inaction has left citizens increasingly ______ about future sustainability. A. curious B. concerned C. confident D. confused Section B(8%) Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits cach blank. Chinese animated film Ne Zha 2 breaks box office records Animated film Ne Zha 2 broke several records, including one held previously by Star Wars: Episode VII-The Force Awakens, as it continued its domination in the Chinese box office over the lunar new year holidays. Ne Zha 2 is a sequel(续集) to the 2019 fantasy adventure Ne Zha, which follows a young boy born with unique powers ____13____ teams up with dragon prince Ao Bing to fight demons and save the very community that fears him. Ne Zha 2 was released in cinemas for the Chinese New Year, when most businesses and government offices close for an eight-day public holiday for the new year to enable people ____14____(travel) home. This extended break likely contributed to the success of the film, ____15____ not only features a beloved Chinese mythological character but appeals to audiences of all ages. Ne Zha 2 has now outperformed major Hollywood films to become not only the highest-grossing film ever in a single market worldwide, but also the first film ever ____16____(cross) $1bn in a single market. In the first week of its release alone, Ne Zha 2 made ¥4. 84bn in China, setting the record for the most money made by a single film in the New Year period. ____17____(hold) strong at the box office for the second week made Ne Zha 2 successfully bring in a total of $1.11bn. Earlier predictions, which had put Ne Zha 2 firmly in place to beat 2015’s Star Wars as the highest-grossing film in a single market, ____18____ (prove) true at the end of the second week. Additionally, Ne Zha 2 has already surpassed Ne Zha in total earnings and has also become the highest-grossing film ever not in the English language. It overtook The Battle at Lake Changjin ____19____ China’s biggest film ever within the first week of its release. The numbers indicate a positive trend in the Chinese film industry, even taking into account the fact that the lunar new year is generally one of its most lucrative(获利多的) periods. In 2024, total box office collections dropped 22.6 per cent from the previous year____20____ a sluggish(萧条的)economy reportedly forced moviegoers to stay home. Section C (20%) (A) Directions: Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. design B. essential C. filters D. influence E. eventually F. originally G. patterns H. processes I. stuck J. unlimited K. vision The Magic of Mimicry (仿生学) To mimic someone means to copy them. However, in science, people copy ideas from nature or natural ____21____ to solve problems or to create products which will serve a specific purpose to help us. This is called biomimicry and its____22____ can be seen in many everyday products. Perhaps the best-known example of biomimicry is Velcro. It was invented in 1941 by a Swiss engineer called George de Mestral, who looked at the burdock seeds which ____23____ to his dog’s hair. Under the microscope, he discovered that these seeds had hooks on them, so they stuck to loops on clothing or hair. He copied this idea and used strips of material with tiny hooks on them and strips of material with loose loops on. When he put both strips together they stuck like glue. However unlike glue, he could peel both strips apart and reattach them. Velcro was ____24____ unpopular with fashion companies but after it was used by NASA to stop items floating in space, it became popular with children’s clothing companies. More recently, swimwear has also been influenced by nature. The Speedo Fastskin, a controversial swimsuit, was seen at the Beijing Olympics and worn by 28 of the 33 gold medal winners. The technology is based on the rough ____25____ on a shark’s skin, which allows the shark to swim faster. Shark skin also stops bacteria growing on it, so scientists are copying this surface to ____26____ cleaner hospitals. For NASA, protecting astronauts’ eyes from the sun’s rays is very important but protecting their eyes from other dangerous radiation is also ____27____. Scientists studied how eagles and falcons clearly recognize their prey. They discovered that they have yellow oil in their eyes which ____28____ out harmful radiation and allows them to see very clearly. NASA copied this oil and it is now used by astronauts and pilots in Eagle Eyes glasses. In addition to protecting eyes from all the dangerous rays, these sunglasses also improve ____29____ in different weather conditions such as fog, sunlight or just normal light. It appears that the influence of biomimicry is ____30____, so it will be interesting to see what solutions nature provides us with in the future. (B) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. association B. creatively C. determined D. evidenced E. faithfully F. figure G. inferior H. lack I. possess J. relate K. similar Animal “languages” Is language the exclusive property of the human species? The idea of talking animals is as old and as widespread among human societies as language itself. All cultures have legends in which some animal plays a speaking role. “Fox” is a favorite ____31____ in many Native American tales, and many an animal takes the stage in Aesop’s famous fables. If language is viewed only as a system of communication, then many species communicate. The question is whether these communication systems are at all like human linguistic knowledge, which is gained by children with no clear instruction, and which is used ____32____, rather than simply in response to internal or external stimuli. Most humans who acquire language use speech sounds to express meanings, but such sounds are not necessarily a basic part of what we have been calling language, as ____33____ by the sign languages. The chirping of birds and the dancing of bees may potentially represent systems ____34____ to human languages. If animal communication systems are not like human language, it will not be because of a(n) ____35____ of speech. Conversely (相反地), when animals vocally mimic human speaking, it does not mean they ____36____ language. Language is a system that relates sounds or gestures to meanings. Talking birds such as parrots are capable of ____37____ reproducing words of human language that they have heard, but their speaking carry no meaning. Talking birds do not chop up the sounds into separate units. If a parrot learns cat and cats, and dog and dogs, and learns the word parrot, she will be unable to form the plural parrots as children do by the age of three. Reports of an African grey parrot named Alex suggest that when the trainer uses words in context, Alex seems to ____38____ some sounds to their meanings. This is more than simple imitation, but it is not how children acquire the complexities of the grammar of any language. It is more like a dog learning the ____39____ between certain sounds and meanings, such as heel, sit, and fetch. To hold that animals communicate by systems qualitatively different from human language system is not to claim human superiority. Humans are ____40____ to hunting dogs whose sense of smell is far better than that of human animals; they are just different biologically. The human language ability is rooted in the human brain, just as the communication systems of other species are determined by their body structure. III. Reading Comprehension Section A(45%) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. (A) Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims. Students in the study became ____41____ even when shown the logo of burger chain McDonald’s so quickly on screen that they could not recognize it. Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal (潜意识的) effect on ___42___, making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time. They conclude: “Our experiments suggest that the goal of saving time embedded in fast food may have the unexpected consequence of causing ____43____ and impatience.” Thinking about fast food increases ____44____ for time-saving products. “More ___45___, we found that the mere exposure to fast food symbols reduced people’s willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate ____46____ over greater future return, finally harming their economic interest.” Student volunteers were quickly shown six logos from fast-food chains — McDonald’s, Burger King, KFC, Subway, Wendy’s and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what they were but the subliminal effect was ____47____. Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it was significantly ____48____ afterwards. Participants also preferred time-saving products like three-in-one skincare treatments rather than ____49____ versions after seeing the logos. When asked whether they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a week’s time, they again chose ____50____ reward after being exposed to the brands. Researcher Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professor of organizational behavior at Canada’s Toronto University, said: “Fast food represents a culture of time efficiency and immediate ____51____.” The problem is that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food ____52____whether time is a relevant factor in the context. “____53____, walking faster is time-efficient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it’s a sign of impatience when one is taking a walk in the park.” “We’re finding that the mere exposure to fast food is ____54____ a general sense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling (狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no ____55____ at all.” 41. A. hungry B. stressful C. anxious D. timid 42. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behavior 43. A. inefficiency B. hurriedness C. depression D. ignorance 44. A. preferences B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions 45. A. naturally B. strikingly C. fortunately D. personally 46 A. gain B. proof C. response D. attention 47. A. recorded B. unfulfilled C. celebrated D. marked 48. A. reduced B. accelerated C. emphasized D. neglected 49. A. separate B. special C. expensive D. latest 50. A. potential B. constant C. intense D. instant 51. A. cultivation B. resistance C. satisfaction D. awareness 52. A. in terms of B. on account of C. regardless of D. with respect to 53. A. In other words B. On the contrary C. For example D. In addition 54. A. promoting B. assuming C. making D. demonstrating 55. A. chance B. sense C. rush D. harm (B) Everyone procrastinates (拖延). “It’s part of the human condition,” says procrastination researcher Tim Pychyl, “We love avoidance, and that’s what procrastination ____56____: We want to feel good now. The way to do that is avoid the task.” You can procrastinate on nearly anything, even ____57____ tasks such as planning a vacation. Around 20 percent of us are long-term procrastinators at home and at work. One big factor for them is fear of failure, of not living up to expectations. Kelli Saginak, a 57-year-old health coach, procrastinated about looking for a new job for years. That ____58____ to take action only confirmed her belief that she would never do any better. “It’s totally fear of judgment,” says Saginak. “If I don’t take the risk, decide, or commit, I don’t have to be ____59____ with the judgment. Yet it’s simply me judging myself.” Some people don’t mind procrastinating, believing that they perform better under pressure. But researchers ____60____. “I did an experiment several years ago, putting procrastinators under the ____61____ of time,” says Joseph Ferrari, a psychology professor, “They did worse than non-procrastinators, but they ____62____ they did better.” Whatever the ____63____(or lack of it), procrastination is usually not going to be good for you. Delaying a diet or exercise program may increase your risk of heart disease. Not having seen the doctor when your illness was easier to treat may shorten your life. Just thinking about what you haven’t done may cause ____64____. “Procrastinators experience higher levels of stress, both from leaving things to the last minute and from their own ____65____ and self-critical feelings about their procrastination,” says Fuschia Sirois, a psychology lecturer at the University of Sheffield. For those of us in need of motivation, the best advice might be to ____66____. “We used to believe ____67____ follow attitude, but if you can make progress, even a little, that motivates you,” Pychyl says. So if you have been procrastinating on starting an exercise routine, just put on your walking shoes. Next, try sending yourself signals to action. For instance, you might put your lights on a timed dimmer switch to encourage a(n)____68____ bedtime. Joel Anderson, a philosophy researcher-lecturer at Utrecht University, crafted an experiment around this concept, and it worked on most of his subjects. “They formed a(n) ____69____,” Anderson says. “When the lights start to dim, I’ll start going to bed.” Finally, ____70____ yourself for each step you take toward your goal. After you’ve paid the bills, watch your favorite TV show. (But don’t try to convince yourself it will work the other way around! ) 56. A. comes down to B. runs out of C. puts up with D. breaks away from 57. A. repetitive B. household C. educational D. enjoyable 58. A. opportunity B. inflexibility C. inability D. desire 59. A. concerned B. faced C. contented D. impressed 60. A. observe B. disagree C. cooperate D. confirm 61. A. concept B. progression C. restriction D. circumstances 62. A. realized B. doubted C. assumed D. neglected 63. A. consequence B. motivation C. occasion D. origin 64. A. variation B. reaction C. sympathy D. discomfort 65. A. negative B. intense C. emotional D. indescribable 66. A. think small B. push the boundaries C. aim high D. accept calculated risks 67. A. expressions B. purposes C. promises D. behaviors 68. A. relaxing B. consistent C. distinctive D. irregular 69. A. intention B. opinion C. comparison D. identity 70. A. challenge B. prepare C. improve D. reward Section B (30%) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Several years ago, I began asking my friends and family to tell me their passwords. I had come to believe that these tiny personalized codes get a bum rap. Yes, I understand why passwords are universally hated: the strains they put on our memory, the endless demand to update them, their sheer number. I hate them too. But there is more to passwords than their annoyance. In the fact that we construct them so that we (and only we) will remember them, they take on secret lives. Many of our passwords are filled with suffering, mischief, sometimes even poetry. Often they have rich backstories. There was the former prisoner whose password includes what used to be his identification number(“a reminder not to go back” ); the childless 45-year-old whose password is the name of the baby boy she lost ( “my way of trying to keep him alive, I guess”). Sometimes the passwords were playful. Several people said they used incorrect for theirs so that when they forgot it, the software automatically gave them the right one( “your password is incorrect”). Some passwords were striking for their creativity, folding big thoughts down into tidy little codes. After being inspired by Sheryl Sandberg’s book Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead. Cortni Kerr, a running partner of mine, began using Ww$$dol3, which stood for “What would Sheryl Sandberg do” plus “13” for the year(2013) of the password’s creation. TnsitTpsif was the password of another friend, a computer scientist who loves wordplay. It stands for “The next sentence is true. The previous sentence is false,” which in philosophy is called a liar’s paradox. For my friend, it was a playful reference to the knots that language can tie. While asking strangers about their passwords is a touchy proposition, it’s not every day that you come across a conversation topic that teaches you new things about people you’ve known for years. The 4622 that my wife uses in her passwords was not just the address of her own father’s childhood home but also a reminder of his weakness and strength. Apparently when the former 270-pound football standout, a scholarship athlete and the pride of his working-class neighborhood in west Tulsa, was a small boy, he had to sing his home address(4622 South 28th West Avenue) in one full breath rather than try to say it normally, otherwise, his stutter (口吃) would trip him up. 71. What does the phrase “a bum rap” (paragraph 1) most probably mean? A. an imaginative story B. an unreasonable structure C. a false blame D. a notable exception 72. Which of the following passwords does the writer use as an example of those with a touch of humour? A. An identification number. B. The word “incorrect” C. WwS$do13. D. TnsitTpsif. 73. Why does the writer’s wife use the number “4622” in her passwords? A. It reminded her of her father. B. It helped her to overcome stutter. C. It was the address of her childhood home. D. It was part of the name of her favourite song. 74. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. The Development of Passwords. B. The Secret Lives of Passwords. C. Why Everybody Hates Passwords. D. Passwords: What We Can’t Live Without. (B) “Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo” is a real sentence. How? Let’s break it down, starting with a simple phrase: Monkeys from Pisa bully deer from London. OK, admittedly it’s an implausible scenario, but it’s a grammatically fine sentence. In English we can use place names as adjectives, so let’s shorten the sentence a little. Pisa monkeys bully London deer. Now we’ll throw in some giraffes from Paris to even the score with those mean monkeys. Pisa monkeys, whom Paris giraffes intimidate, bully London deer. English is peculiar in that you can omit relative pronouns, e. g., “the person whom I love” can be expressed as “the person I love.” Let’s do that to this sentence. Pisa monkeys Paris giraffes intimidate bully London deer. This kind of pronoun removal can be a little more difficult to grasp when written than when spoken. Saying the above sentence with pauses after monkeys and intimidate can help. Now we need to replace both of the verbs, intimidate and bully, with their (admittedly uncommon) synonym, buffalo. Pisa monkeys Paris giraffes buffalo buffalo London deer. Again, pauses help keep the meaning in mind: Put a pause after monkeys and the first buffalo. Now we’ll replace all the worldwide place names with the second-largest city in New York State, Buffalo. (That’s Buffalo’s tallest building, One Seneca Tower, below. ) Buffalo monkeys Buffalo giraffes buffalo buffalo Buffalo deer. You can probably guess what the next step is. But before we replace all the animals with the common name for the American bison note how the capital letters in the above sentence help you keep the place names separate from the other usages of the word. OK, here goes: Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo. One last thing to note: This exceptional sentence is possible because the plural of the animal buffalo is buffalo, not buffalos, otherwise all the words wouldn’t be identical. English is strange and wonderful! 75. How should we read the following sentence with proper pauses? A. Buffalo buffalo Buffalo/ buffalo buffalo/ buffalo Buffalo buffalo. B. Buffalo buffalo/ Buffalo buffalo buffalo/ buffalo Buffalo buffalo. C. Buffalo buffalo Buffalo/ buffalo buffalo buffalo/ Buffalo buffalo. D. Buffalo buffalo/ Buffalo buffalo / Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo. 76. What is the key element to make this sentence possible? A. The relative pronouns in English can be omitted. B. The sentence consists of words in capital letters. C. The city has the same name with a kind of American bison. D. The word buffalo has the same form of singular and plural. 77. Where can you probably find this article? A. Wandering the Earth B. Linguistics Around Us C. Popular Animal Science D. English Culture Review (C) There are times when murder is not committed because of cruelty. People may kill for other reasons such as anger, misunderstanding, and fear. Everyone has made mistakes because of such feeling. For society, it is a serious mistake to take the life of someone who has killed because it teaches everyone that forgiveness is unnecessary. The government has the difficult job of deciding who is innocent and who is guilty, and this job can never be done perfectly. If capital punishment (死刑) is allowed, there always exists the possibility that an innocent person will be executed by mistake. When that happens, an even worse crime has been committed — the killing of an innocent person by the government. Then there is the fact that the poor and minorities get the death penalty more often than whites do. Furthermore, the idea that capital punishment stops criminals from committing murder is doubtful; studies have been unable to show that the fear of capital punishment stops someone from committing murder more than other punishments. And let us not forget that murdering the murderer is a violent act in itself; it is revenge (复仇). The U. S. government once followed the example of Germany, Britain, France, and other nations that no longer execute their citizens — however, since 1977, our society has been allowing capital punishment again, at a high cost. We cannot imagine the pain of family members who have been waiting for years for the government’s decision to execute or not execute their loved ones. It also costs the taxpayer millions of dollars more to execute a criminal than to imprison that criminal for life. Prison is a better form of punishment because it protects society and punishes criminals by taking away their freedom. People can change, even people who have made terrible mistakes. Life in prison gives people the chance to change. Caryl Chessman is an example of someone who became a better person in prison. He taught other prisoners how to read, and he wrote several books. Before his execution, he wrote that he had finally learned not to hate. Chessman learned this important lesson in prison. But a dead man learns nothing, and an executed person will never change. When a government kills, it is murdering hope. 78. According to the passage, all the followings are the results of the capital punishment except that______. A. capital punishment doesn’t necessarily put an end to crimes B. execution may cause an innocent person to die C. the blacks get executed more often than the whites do D. capital punishment may arouse a desire for revenge 79. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. The lack of transparency(透明度) in the justice system made family members painful. B. The cost of capital punishment is higher for taxpayers compared with life imprisonment. C. Execution is a better form of punishment because it protects society and punishes criminals. D. Throughout its history, America has never abandoned the practice of capital punishment. 80. The writer uses the example of Caryl Chessman to prove that ______. A. everyone can become a better person in prison B. everyone can make terrible mistakes C. execution robs people of the chance to change D. It is always a good thing to learn not to hate 81. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Not all people who kill are cruel. B. Capital punishment is revenge. C. Prison can sometimes improve a person. D. Execution is not a better form of punishment. (D) Before the age of the smartphone, photographers had to learn how to use high-tech cameras and photographic techniques. Today, with the huge range of camera apps on our smartphones, we’re all good amateur photographers, since the quality of smartphone images now nearly equals that of digital cameras. The new ease of photography has given us a tremendous appetite for capturing the magical and the ordinary. We are obsessed with documenting everyday moments, whether it’s a shot of our breakfast, our cat or the cat’s breakfast. Even photo journalists are experimenting with mobile phones because their near invisibility makes it easier to capture unguarded moments. In the past, magazines published unforgettable photos of important people and global events that captured our imaginations. These photos had the power to change public opinion and even the course of history. But if there are fewer memorable images today, it’s not because there are fewer good images. It’s because there are so many, and no one image gets to be special for long. As people everywhere embrace photography and the media make use of citizen journalists, professional standards appear to be shifting. Before digital images, most people trusted photographs to accurately reflect reality. Today, images can be altered in ways the naked eye might never notice. Photojournalists are trained to accurately represent what they witness. Yet any image can be altered to create an “improved” picture of reality. The average viewer is left with no way to assess the accuracy of an image except through trust in a news organization or photographer. The question of the accuracy of images gets even trickier when photojournalists start experimenting with camera apps — like Hipstamatic or Instagram — which encourage the use of filters (滤镜). Images can be colored, brightened, faded, and scratched to make photographs more artistic, or to give them an antique look. Photographers using camera apps to cover wars and conflicts have created powerful images — but also controversy. Critics worry that antique-looking photographs romanticize war, while distancing us from those who fight in them. Yet photography has always been more subjective than we assume. Each picture is a result of a series of decisions — where to stand, what lens to use, what to leave in and what to leave out of the frame. Does altering photographs with camera app filters make them less true? There’s something powerful and exciting about the experiment the digital age has forced upon us. These new tools make it easier to tell our own stories — and they give others the power to do the same. Many members of the media get stuck on the same stories, focusing on elections, governments, wars, and disasters, and in the process, miss out on the less dramatic images of daily life that can be as revealing. Who knows? Our obsession with documentation and constantly being connected could lead to a dramatic change in our way of being. Perhaps we are witnessing the development of a universal visual language, one that could change the way we related to each other and the world. Of course, as with any language, there will be those who produce poetry and those who make shopping lists. 82. According to the author, there are fewer memorable photographs today because ______. A. the quality of many images is still poor B. there are so many good images these days C. traditional media refuse to allow amateur photos D. most images are not appealing to a global audience 83. Which of the statements does the author most likely agree with? A. The daily life pictures are very expressive themselves. B. Photographs of the digital age are more subjective than before. C. Photos altered by filters of camera apps are too subjective to be true. D. Many members of the media value daily life images over major social events. 84. What can we learn from the passage? A. The boom of smartphone photography might transform our connection with each other. B. Smartphone photography has caused a decline in the number of professional photographers. C. Documentation obsession guarantees more poetic visual content than the ordinary content. D. The average viewer can assess the accuracy of altered images through advanced technology. 85. What may be the best title for the passage? A. Camera Apps Bury Authenticity B. Photography Redefined: A Visual Language C. Smartphone: Killer of Professional Photography D. The Shifting Standards of Professional Photography IV. Translation(15%) 86. 我发现向有经验的前辈请教如何拓展自己的事业是很有必要的。(it) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 87. 学生们加倍努力学习以期有朝一日考上心仪的大学。(admit) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 88. 与其他对手相比，她具备高超的沟通与表达技巧，更能胜任这份工作。(arm) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 89. 这家公司多措并举，通过发送线上邮件到线下走访的方式与目标顾客保持紧密联系，效果显著。(range) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 建平中学2024学年第二学期3月教学质量检测 高一英语试卷 (考试时间120分钟 满分150分) I. Listening Comprehension Section A(10%) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. A teacher. B. A salesman. C. A hotel manager. D. A policeman. 2. A. July 10. B. July 27. C. July 13. D. July 30. 3. A. He does not want any mixed grill (烤肉). B. There is no more mixed grill left. C. Mixed grill is his favorite food. D. He is too full to have any meat. 4. A. To appreciate famous sculptures. B. To learn skills of paintings. C. To look after her sister. D. To visit the modern art exhibition. 5. A. The man should get up early in the morning. B. The man can find the time if he makes up his mind. C. It is a bad habit to learn English late in the evening. D. It really takes time to have a good command of English. 6. A. Asking Simon and Sally for help. B. Decorating the house. C. Preparing for a party. D. Purchasing the food. 7. A. He falls asleep when watching the film. B. He does not enjoy the film very much. C. He holds a different view from the woman’s. D. He doesn’t know how long the film is. 8. A. Purple blouses made from pure silk. B. 100% silk blouses in navy blue. C. Fashionable blouses in bright colors. D. Something to match her purple blouse. 9. A. The woman broke her arm while doing the project. B. The man wishes the woman could go on with the project. C. It takes the doctor a month to cure the woman’s broken leg. D. The woman can now come back to do her unfinished project. 10. A. He has no idea how to play football games. B. He thinks the team has already been eliminated. C. He finds it hard to believe the team will enter the national game. D. He does not know whether the team has entered the national game or not. Section B(10%) Directions: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s) and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. 8:30. B. 9:00. C. 8:45. D. 9:15. 12. A. When the interview begins, you should always shake hands with the interviewer first. B. If you understand a question, you should answer it as quickly as possible. C. Your answer should contain all the skills you have to impress the interviewer. D A good response can help you sell yourself to the interviewer as the best candidate 13. A. Ask about the next step in the hiring process. B. Offer to shake hands with the interviewer again. C. Ask more questions about the position and the salary. D. Take the opportunity to catch your breath and stay calm. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. It is based on tests of as many as 6, 000 people. B. It investigates the long-term effects of cleaning chemicals. C. It is the first study to look into the influence of cleaning chemicals. D. It compares the influence of cleaning chemicals on men and women respectively. 15. A. Lung function decline caused by cleaning chemicals progresses slowly. B. The lung function depends on the amount of air taken in. C. Men might be more likely to be affected by the chemicals’ effects than women. D. Frequent use of cleaning chemicals causes slight damage to lung function. 16. A. The function and usage of cleaning chemicals. B. The different reaction of men and women to cleaning chemicals. C. The impact of cleaning chemicals on lung function. D. Methods for avoiding the impact of cleaning chemicals. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. People can drive their cars at a high speed on the PRT system. B. Each car on the PRT system can carry 300 passengers at a time. C. The cars running on the PRT system can be controlled by a wire. D. The power that sets the cars on the PRT system running comes from the sun. 18. A. Traffic jams in Masdar City. B. Building more roads with narrow lanes. C. Solutions to traffic jams. D. Encouraging people to cycle more. 19. A. Taxi drivers. B. Shop assistants. C. Teachers and students. D. The elderly and the sick. 20. A. The benefit of cycling lies in that more people can travel at the same time. B. The man thinks that building more roads with wider lanes is not a perfect solution. C. The woman thinks riding bicycle is practical on rainy days. D. The woman thinks it is very expensive to build more roads. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A(12%) Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. Across various social media platforms, keywords related to Citywalk ______ popularity as an increasing number of individuals post their personal stories online. A. are gaining B. gaining C. gained D. has gained 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：随着越来越多的人在网上发布他们的个人故事，在各种社交媒体平台上，与Citywalk相关的关键词越来越受欢迎。根据“as an increasing number of individuals post their personal stories online.”可知，随着越来越多的人在网上发布他们的个人故事，与Citywalk相关的关键词受欢迎的程度也在持续增加，应该用现在进行时来表达这种正在进行的状态。主句主语是keywords，是复数概念，be动词使用are。故选A项。 2. Kathy reached the company out of breath only ______ that the meeting had been put off. A. told B. to be told C. being told D. having told 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：凯西上气不接下气地赶到公司，却被告知会议推迟了。主句的主干成分完整，结合空前的“only”可推知，空处表示出乎意料的结果，表示“不料却，结果却”，作结果状语，且tell“告知”和Kathy逻辑上是被动关系，因此用tell的不定式被动语态to be told。故选B。 3. Despite ________ by several publishers, J. D. Salinger refused ________. A. rejected; to give up B. being rejected; to give up C. rejected; giving up D. being rejected; giving up 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管被几家出版商拒绝，杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格拒绝放弃。第一空作介词Despite的宾语，reject“拒绝”和J. D. Salinger逻辑上是动宾关系，因此需用reject动名词的被动形式；短语refuse to do sth.表示“拒绝做某事”，第二空应用give up“放弃”的不定式形式，作宾语。故选B。 4. This team is said ______a new AI model, but do you know when they will finish it? A. to having designed B. designing C. to be designing D. to have designed 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据说这个团队正在设计一个新的AI模型，但你知道他们什么时候能完成吗？短语be said to do sth.表示“据说……”，结合句子语境but do you know when they will finish it说明这个团队正在设计一个新的人工智能模型，应用to be doing。故选C。 5. The frequent use of foreign words and cyber-words could lead to ______ the beauty of traditional Chinese. A. people forgetting B. people to forget C. people forgotten D. people have forgotten 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：频繁使用外来词和网络词可能会导致人们忘记繁体中文的美丽。lead to sb. doing sth.是固定短语，意为“导致某人做某事”，介词to后接动名词，people和forget之间是主谓关系，因此用people forgetting作lead to的宾语，故选A。 6. One of Kleitman’s best-known experiments involved ________ 32 days in a dark cave as he worked ________ light on the limits of the body’s inbuilt biological clock. A. spent, shedding B. spent, to shed C. spending, shedding D. spending, to shed 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Kleitman最著名的实验之一是在一个黑暗的洞穴里呆了32天，试图揭示人体内置生物钟的极限。第一空为短语involve doing sth.表示“涉及做某事”，动名词作宾语；第二空shed在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故选D。 7. The earliest sculpture in China dates back to the Zhou and Shang dynasties, ______ clay and wooden sculptures were placed in tombs to guide the dead on their way to heaven. A. which B. whether C. when D. where 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：中国最早的雕塑可以追溯到商周时期，当时人们将泥塑和木雕放置在坟墓中，以引导死者升天。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the Zhou and Shang dynasties，指时间，关系词代替先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故选C。 8. I’m a climate reporter focusing on extreme weather, living in the Pacific Palisades, and the forecasts ______ gusts (强风) of up to 160 km/h put me on edge. A. predicting B. preventing C. preserving D. permitting 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我是一名气候记者，专注于极端天气，住在太平洋帕利塞德群岛，预报说风速高达160公里/小时，这让我很紧张。A. predicting预测；B. preventing阻止；C. preserving保留；D. permitting允许。根据上文“forecasts”指天气预报预测风速高达160公里/小时，故选A。 9. The geopolitical crisis worsened by the sudden collapse of multilateral trade agreements caused foreign direct investment flows to ______ shift toward emerging markets — a speed which was never seen in modern economic history. A. gradually B. temporarily C. unconsciously D. dramatically 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：多边贸易协定的突然崩溃加剧了地缘政治危机，导致外国直接投资急剧转向新兴市场——这是现代经济史上从未见过的速度。A. gradually逐渐地；B. temporarily暂时地；C. unconsciously无意识地；D. dramatically剧烈地，显著地。根据上文“by the sudden collapse of multilateral trade agreements ”可知，导致外国直接投资急剧转向新兴市场。故选D项。 10. Turning a deaf ear to multiple interventions from friends who noticed her deteriorating sleep patterns, Emma secretly scrolled her phone these nights — a stubborn ______ to digital devices that rendered all suggestions ineffective. A. admission B. approach C. addiction D. resistance 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：朋友们注意到艾玛睡眠模式越来越差，多次劝她，但她却充耳不闻，这些晚上仍偷偷看手机——这是一种对数字设备的顽固成瘾，让所有的建议都失效了。A. admission承认；B. approach方法；C. addiction成瘾，癖好；D. resistance抵制。根据上文的“Turning a deaf ear to multiple interventions”以及“secretly scrolled her phone these nights”可知，艾玛对手机已经形成了一种难以戒除的依赖，所以此处表明她对数字设备成瘾。故选C项。 11. Faced with a series of powerful evidence provided by witnesses and allegations by lawyers, he ______ his innocence and denied everything. A. implied B. maintained C. gained D. recognized 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：面对证人提供的一系列有力证据和律师的指控，他坚持自己的清白，否认一切。A. implied暗示；B. maintained保持；维持；C. gained获得；D. recognized识别。由“his innocence and denied everything”可知，句子表示“面对证人提供的一系列有力证据和律师的指控，他坚持自己的清白，否认一切”，空格处意为“维持”，故选B。 12. Despite mounting evidence of irreversible damages, the government’s continued inaction has left citizens increasingly ______ about future sustainability. A. curious B. concerned C. confident D. confused 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管有越来越多表明（环境已造成）不可逆转破坏的证据，但政府持续不作为让公民对未来的可持续性愈发担忧。A. curious好奇的；B. concerned担忧的；C. confident自信的；D. confused迷惑的。由句意和irreversible damages可知，这里指不可逆转破坏让公民对未来的可持续性感到担忧。故选B项。 Section B(8%) Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits cach blank. Chinese animated film Ne Zha 2 breaks box office records Animated film Ne Zha 2 broke several records, including one held previously by Star Wars: Episode VII-The Force Awakens, as it continued its domination in the Chinese box office over the lunar new year holidays. Ne Zha 2 is a sequel(续集) to the 2019 fantasy adventure Ne Zha, which follows a young boy born with unique powers ____13____ teams up with dragon prince Ao Bing to fight demons and save the very community that fears him. Ne Zha 2 was released in cinemas for the Chinese New Year, when most businesses and government offices close for an eight-day public holiday for the new year to enable people ____14____(travel) home. This extended break likely contributed to the success of the film, ____15____ not only features a beloved Chinese mythological character but appeals to audiences of all ages. Ne Zha 2 has now outperformed major Hollywood films to become not only the highest-grossing film ever in a single market worldwide, but also the first film ever ____16____(cross) $1bn in a single market. In the first week of its release alone, Ne Zha 2 made ¥4. 84bn in China, setting the record for the most money made by a single film in the New Year period. ____17____(hold) strong at the box office for the second week made Ne Zha 2 successfully bring in a total of $1.11bn. Earlier predictions, which had put Ne Zha 2 firmly in place to beat 2015’s Star Wars as the highest-grossing film in a single market, ____18____ (prove) true at the end of the second week. Additionally, Ne Zha 2 has already surpassed Ne Zha in total earnings and has also become the highest-grossing film ever not in the English language. It overtook The Battle at Lake Changjin ____19____ China’s biggest film ever within the first week of its release. The numbers indicate a positive trend in the Chinese film industry, even taking into account the fact that the lunar new year is generally one of its most lucrative(获利多的) periods. In 2024, total box office collections dropped 22.6 per cent from the previous year____20____ a sluggish(萧条的)economy reportedly forced moviegoers to stay home. 【答案】13. who 14. to travel 15. which 16. to cross 17. Holding 18. proved 19. as 20. because##as 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了中国动画电影《哪吒 2》打破多项票房纪录，超越多部影片，取得了巨大的票房成功，同时也反映了中国电影行业的发展趋势，也提及了 2024 年电影行业因经济萧条票房下降的情况。 【13题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：《哪吒 2》是 2019 年奇幻冒险电影《哪吒》的续集，它讲述了一个天生具有独特能力的小男孩，他与龙太子敖丙合作对抗恶魔，拯救那个害怕他的社区的故事。先行词是 a young boy，指人，且在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词 who 引导定语从句，故填who。 【14题详解】 考查不定式。句意：《哪吒 2》在春节期间上映，此时大多数企业和政府部门都为新年的八天公共假期而关闭，以便人们能够回家。“enable sb. to do sth.”为固定搭配，意为“使某人能够做某事”，所以用动词不定式 to travel，故填to travel。 【15题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这个延长的假期可能促成了这部电影的成功，它不仅以一个深受喜爱的中国神话人物为特色，而且吸引了各个年龄段的观众。先行词是 the film，指物，且在非限制性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词 which 引导定语从句，故填which。 【16题详解】 考查不定式。句意：《哪吒 2》现在已经超越了主要的好莱坞电影，不仅成为全球单一市场有史以来票房最高的电影，而且是第一部在单一市场票房突破 10 亿美元的电影。“the first...to do sth.” 为固定结构，意为 “第一个做某事的……”，所以用动词不定式 to cross作后置定语，故填to cross。 【17题详解】 考查动名词。句意：连续第二周在票房上表现强劲，使《哪吒 2》成功地获得了总计 11.1 亿美元的票房。此处用动名词作主语，“hold strong” 意为 “表现强劲”，所以用动名词 Holding，首字母大写。故填Holding。 【18题详解】 考查时态。句意：早些时候的预测表明，《哪吒 2》将稳固地击败 2015 年的《星球大战》，成为单一市场票房最高的电影，在第二周结束时，这些预测被证明是正确的。根据时间状语 “at the end of the second week” 可知，此处用一般过去时，prove 的过去式是 proved，故填proved。 【19题详解】 考查介词。句意：它在上映的第一周就超越了《长津湖》，成为中国有史以来票房最高的电影。“as” 在此处意为 “作为”，“overtake...as...” 意为 “超越…… 成为……”，故填as。 【20题详解】 考查连词。句意：2024 年，由于经济萧条，影迷们被迫待在家里，总票房收入比上一年下降了 22.6% 。根据句意可知，“a sluggish economy reportedly forced moviegoers to stay home” 是 “total box office collections dropped 22.6 per cent from the previous year” 的原因，所以用连词 because 或 as 引导原因状语从句，故填because/as。 Section C (20%) (A) Directions: Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. design B. essential C. filters D. influence E. eventually F. originally G. patterns H. processes I. stuck J. unlimited K. vision The Magic of Mimicry (仿生学) To mimic someone means to copy them. However, in science, people copy ideas from nature or natural ____21____ to solve problems or to create products which will serve a specific purpose to help us. This is called biomimicry and its____22____ can be seen in many everyday products. Perhaps the best-known example of biomimicry is Velcro. It was invented in 1941 by a Swiss engineer called George de Mestral, who looked at the burdock seeds which ____23____ to his dog’s hair. Under the microscope, he discovered that these seeds had hooks on them, so they stuck to loops on clothing or hair. He copied this idea and used strips of material with tiny hooks on them and strips of material with loose loops on. When he put both strips together they stuck like glue. However unlike glue, he could peel both strips apart and reattach them. Velcro was ____24____ unpopular with fashion companies but after it was used by NASA to stop items floating in space, it became popular with children’s clothing companies. More recently, swimwear has also been influenced by nature. The Speedo Fastskin, a controversial swimsuit, was seen at the Beijing Olympics and worn by 28 of the 33 gold medal winners. The technology is based on the rough ____25____ on a shark’s skin, which allows the shark to swim faster. Shark skin also stops bacteria growing on it, so scientists are copying this surface to ____26____ cleaner hospitals. For NASA, protecting astronauts’ eyes from the sun’s rays is very important but protecting their eyes from other dangerous radiation is also ____27____. Scientists studied how eagles and falcons clearly recognize their prey. They discovered that they have yellow oil in their eyes which ____28____ out harmful radiation and allows them to see very clearly. NASA copied this oil and it is now used by astronauts and pilots in Eagle Eyes glasses. In addition to protecting eyes from all the dangerous rays, these sunglasses also improve ____29____ in different weather conditions such as fog, sunlight or just normal light. It appears that the influence of biomimicry is ____30____, so it will be interesting to see what solutions nature provides us with in the future. 【答案】21. H 22. D 23 I 24. F 25. G 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. K 30. J 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了仿生学定义、应用以及其在日常生活中的重要性，展示了人类如何从自然中获取灵感来解决问题和创造产品。 【21题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而，在科学中，人们从自然或自然的某种东西中获取想法，以解决特定问题或创造具有特定用途的产品。空格处为介词from后的宾语，名词processes“过程”符合语境，表示自然中的各种过程或现象，人们从中获取灵感。故选H项。 【22题详解】 考查名词。句意：这被称为仿生学，这种仿生学的影响可以在许多日常产品中看到。空格处为句子的主语，influence“影响”为名词，符合语境，表示仿生学对产品产生的作用。故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：它是由一位名叫乔治·德·梅斯特拉的瑞士工程师在1941年发明的，他观察了粘在他狗毛上的牛蒡种子。空格处为定语从句的谓语动词，且意义为“粘附”，陈述过去的事情用一般过去时态，动词stick“粘附”符合语境，表示种子粘附在狗的毛上，其过去式为stuck。故选I项。 【24题详解】 考查副词。句意：最初，Velcro在时尚界并不受欢迎，但在被美国国家航空航天局用于防止太空中的物品漂浮后，它在儿童服装公司中变得流行起来。空格处修饰句子，作状语，且意义为“最初”，所以，副词originally“最初”填入空格处，符合语境，表示最初的情况。故选F项。 【25题详解】 考查名词。句意：这技术基于鲨鱼皮肤上的粗糙纹理，这种纹理使鲨鱼能够游得更快。根据上文的is based on可知，空格处作宾语，且下文的与skin搭配，意义为“纹理、花纹”，所以名词patterns“纹理、花纹”符合语境，表示鲨鱼皮肤上的纹理。故选G项。 【26题详解】 考查动词。句意：鲨鱼皮肤还能阻止细菌在其表面生长，因此科学家们正在复制这种表面以设计更清洁的医院。根据前文的“are copying this surface to”可知，空格处应填动词原形，构成不定式作目的状语，表示“设计”或“创造”，动词design“设计”符合语境。故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查形容词。句意：对于美国国家航空航天局来说，保护宇航员的眼睛免受太阳光线的伤害非常重要，但保护他们的眼睛免受其他危险辐射也是至关重要的。根据空格前的is also可知，空格处应填形容词作表语，与上文的important一致。所以，形容词essential“至关重要的”符合语境。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查动词。句意：他们发现它们的眼睛中有黄色的油脂，这种油脂可以过滤掉有害的辐射，使它们能够看得非常清楚。空格处是定语从句的谓语动词，与下文的out搭配，意义为“过滤掉”，动词filter“过滤”符合语境；陈述客观事实用一般现在时，关系代词which指代先行词yellow oil作主语，动词用第三人称单数，故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查名词。句意：除了保护眼睛免受所有危险的光线外，这些太阳镜还能改善在不同天气条件下的视野，如雾天、阳光或正常光线。根据句意和空格前的动词improve可知，空格处应填名词作宾语，表示“视野”或“视觉”。所以，名词vision“视野、视觉”符合语境。故选K项。 【30题详解】 考查形容词。句意：仿生学的影响似乎是无限的，因此，看到未来自然会为我们提供什么样的解决方案将是非常有趣的。根据句意和空格前的is可知，空格处为表语，形容词unlimited“无限的”符合语境，表示仿生学的影响是无限的。故选J项。 (B) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. association B. creatively C. determined D. evidenced E. faithfully F. figure G. inferior H. lack I. possess J. relate K. similar Animal “languages” Is language the exclusive property of the human species? The idea of talking animals is as old and as widespread among human societies as language itself. All cultures have legends in which some animal plays a speaking role. “Fox” is a favorite ____31____ in many Native American tales, and many an animal takes the stage in Aesop’s famous fables. If language is viewed only as a system of communication, then many species communicate. The question is whether these communication systems are at all like human linguistic knowledge, which is gained by children with no clear instruction, and which is used ____32____, rather than simply in response to internal or external stimuli. Most humans who acquire language use speech sounds to express meanings, but such sounds are not necessarily a basic part of what we have been calling language, as ____33____ by the sign languages. The chirping of birds and the dancing of bees may potentially represent systems ____34____ to human languages. If animal communication systems are not like human language, it will not be because of a(n) ____35____ of speech. Conversely (相反地), when animals vocally mimic human speaking, it does not mean they ____36____ language. Language is a system that relates sounds or gestures to meanings. Talking birds such as parrots are capable of ____37____ reproducing words of human language that they have heard, but their speaking carry no meaning. Talking birds do not chop up the sounds into separate units. If a parrot learns cat and cats, and dog and dogs, and learns the word parrot, she will be unable to form the plural parrots as children do by the age of three. Reports of an African grey parrot named Alex suggest that when the trainer uses words in context, Alex seems to ____38____ some sounds to their meanings. This is more than simple imitation, but it is not how children acquire the complexities of the grammar of any language. It is more like a dog learning the ____39____ between certain sounds and meanings, such as heel, sit, and fetch. To hold that animals communicate by systems qualitatively different from human language system is not to claim human superiority. Humans are ____40____ to hunting dogs, whose sense of smell is far better than that of human animals; they are just different biologically. The human language ability is rooted in the human brain, just as the communication systems of other species are determined by their body structure. 【答案】31. F 32. B 33. D 34. K 35. H 36. I 37. E 38. J 39. A 40. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了语言是否是人类独有的特性。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：“狐狸”是许多印第安人故事中最受欢迎的人物，在伊索寓言中，也有许多动物登上舞台。由“Fox”和“in many Native American tales”可知，句子表示““狐狸”是许多印第安人故事中最受欢迎的人物”，空格处意为“人物”，是figure，空前有a，空格处用单数，故选F。 【32题详解】 考查副词。句意：问题是，这些交流系统是否完全像人类的语言知识一样，是儿童在没有明确指导的情况下获得的，是创造性地使用的，而不是简单地对内部或外部刺激作出反应。由下文“rather than simply in response to internal or external stimuli”可知，句子表示“是创造性地使用的，而不是简单地对内部或外部刺激作出反应”，空格处意为“创造性地”，用副词修饰used，是creatively，故选B。 【33题详解】 考查时态，被动语态，主谓一致和省略。句意：大多数学会语言的人使用语音来表达意思，但这些声音不一定是我们所说的语言的基本组成部分，手语就证明了这一点。由“by the sign languages”可知，句子表示“手语就证明了这一点”，空格处意为“证明”，这一点是被证明，描述客观事实，因此as引导的方式状语从句中用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是it，状语从句中主语是it，且有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处是evidenced，故选D。 【34题详解】 考查形容词。句意：鸟的啁啾和蜜蜂的舞蹈可能潜在地代表了类似于人类语言的系统。由上文“The chirping of birds and the dancing of bees may potentially represent systems”和下文“to human languages”可知，句子表示“鸟的啁啾和蜜蜂的舞蹈可能潜在地代表了类似于人类语言的系统”，空格处意为“类似的”，用形容词作后置定语，是similar，故选K。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：如果动物的交流系统不像人类的语言，那不会是因为缺乏语言。由上文“If animal communication systems are not like human language”可知，句子表示“不会是因为缺乏语言”，空格处意为“缺乏”，是lack，空前有a(n)，空格处用单数，故选H。 【36题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：相反，当动物模仿人类说话时，并不意味着它们拥有语言。由上文“Conversely (相反地), when animals vocally mimic human speaking, it does not mean they”可知，句子表示“动物模仿人类说话时，并不意味着它们拥有语言”，空格处意为“拥有”，是possess，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语they是复数，因此空格处用原形，故选I。 【37题详解】 考查副词。句意：会说话的鸟，如鹦鹉，能够忠实地再现它们所听到的人类语言，但它们所说的话没有任何意义。由上文“Talking birds”和下文“reproducing words of human language”可知，句子表示“鹦鹉能够忠实地再现它们所听到的人类语言”，空格处意为“忠实地”，用副词修饰动词reproducing，是faithfully，故选E。 【38题详解】 考查不定式。句意：关于一只名叫亚历克斯的非洲灰鹦鹉的报告表明，当训练者在上下文中使用单词时，亚历克斯似乎会将一些声音与它们的意思联系起来。由上文“If a parrot learns  cat  and  cats , and  dog  and  dogs , and learns the word  parrot , she will be unable to form the plural  parrots  as children do by the age of three. ”可知，句子表示“亚历克斯似乎会将一些声音与它们的意思联系起来”，空格处意为“使联系”，是relate，seem to do sth.是固定短语，意为“似乎做某事”，因此空格处用原形，故选J。 【39题详解】 考查名词。句意：这更像是一只狗在学习某些声音和含义之间的联系，比如跟上、坐下和拿东西。由上文“relate some sounds to their meanings”可知，句子表示“狗在学习某些声音和含义之间的联系”，空格处意为“联系”，用名词作宾语，是association，是不可数名词，故选A。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：人类不如猎狗，猎狗的嗅觉远比人类动物好。由下文“hunting dogs, whose sense of smell is far better than that of human animals”可知，句子表示“人类嗅觉不如猎狗”，空格处意为“较差的”，用形容词作表语，是inferior，故选G。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A(45%) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. (A) Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims. Students in the study became ____41____ even when shown the logo of burger chain McDonald’s so quickly on screen that they could not recognize it. Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal (潜意识的) effect on ___42___, making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time. They conclude: “Our experiments suggest that the goal of saving time embedded in fast food may have the unexpected consequence of causing ____43____ and impatience.” Thinking about fast food increases ____44____ for time-saving products. “More ___45___, we found that the mere exposure to fast food symbols reduced people’s willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate ____46____ over greater future return, finally harming their economic interest.” Student volunteers were quickly shown six logos from fast-food chains — McDonald’s, Burger King, KFC, Subway, Wendy’s and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what they were but the subliminal effect was ____47____. Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it was significantly ____48____ afterwards. Participants also preferred time-saving products like three-in-one skincare treatments rather than ____49____ versions after seeing the logos. When asked whether they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a week’s time, they again chose ____50____ reward after being exposed to the brands. Researcher Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professor of organizational behavior at Canada’s Toronto University, said: “Fast food represents a culture of time efficiency and immediate ____51____.” The problem is that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food ____52____whether time is a relevant factor in the context. “____53____, walking faster is time-efficient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it’s a sign of impatience when one is taking a walk in the park.” “We’re finding that the mere exposure to fast food is ____54____ a general sense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling (狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no ____55____ at all.” 41. A. hungry B. stressful C. anxious D. timid 42. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behavior 43. A. inefficiency B. hurriedness C. depression D. ignorance 44. A. preferences B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions 45. A. naturally B. strikingly C. fortunately D. personally 46. A. gain B. proof C. response D. attention 47. A. recorded B. unfulfilled C. celebrated D. marked 48. A. reduced B. accelerated C. emphasized D. neglected 49. A. separate B. special C. expensive D. latest 50. A. potential B. constant C. intense D. instant 51. A. cultivation B. resistance C. satisfaction D. awareness 52. A. in terms of B. on account of C. regardless of D. with respect to 53. A. In other words B. On the contrary C. For example D. In addition 54. A. promoting B. assuming C. making D. demonstrating 55. A. chance B. sense C. rush D. harm 【答案】41. C 42. D 43. B 44. A 45. B 46. A 47. D 48. B 49. A 50. D 51. C 52. C 53. C 54. A 55. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现，快餐会让人失去耐心，变得不耐烦。 【41题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：参加研究中的学生甚至在屏幕上看到麦当劳汉堡连锁店的标识时很快就变得焦急起来，以至于他们都没认出它。A. hungry饥饿的；B. stressful有压力的；C. anxious焦虑的、焦急的；D. timid胆小的。根据上文“Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims.(一项新研究称，吃快餐会让人在不缺时间的情况下也变得不耐烦)”提到吃快餐会让人失去耐心，即使他们不缺时间，所以此处是说他们变得很焦急，故选C。 【42题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员说，每天接触快餐品牌会对人们的行为产生一种潜意识的影响，使人们无论是否被时间所迫，都会匆忙行事。A. motivation动机；B. appearance出现；C. emotion情感；D. behavior行为。根据后文“making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time”提到人们无论是否被时间所迫，都会匆忙行事，这是对人们的行为产生的影响，故选D。 【43题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的结论是：“我们的实验表明，快餐中蕴含的节省时间的目标可能会产生意想不到的后果，即导致匆忙和不耐烦。”A. inefficiency效率低；B. hurriedness匆忙；C. depression沮丧；D. ignorance无知。呼应上文“making people hurry”指快餐会导致匆忙。故选B。 【44题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：考虑快餐会增加人们对省时产品的偏好。A. preferences偏好；B. implications暗示；C. ingredients材料；D. intentions意图。根据后文“for time-saving products”以及快餐属于省时食品，因此考虑快餐会增加人们对省时产品的偏爱，故选A。 【45题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：更为突出的是，我们发现，仅仅接触快餐符号就降低了人们的储蓄意愿，导致他们宁愿眼前获利，也不愿未来获得更大回报，最终损害了他们的经济利益。A. naturally自然地；B. strikingly显著地；C. fortunately幸运地；D. personally亲自地。根据后文“we found that the mere exposure to fast food symbols reduced people’s willingness to save”以及上文说的考虑快餐会增加人们对省时产品的偏好相比，空后的这个发现是更为突出的，故选B。 【46题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. gain利润、收获；B. proof证据；C. respond回应；D. attention注意。根据空后的“finally harming their economic interest”可知，仅仅接触快餐符号就会导致人们宁愿眼前获利，也不愿未来获得更大回报，故选A。 【47题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们无法有意识地看到它们是什么，但潜意识的影响是显著的。A. recorded记载的；B. unfulfilled未满足的；C. celebrated著名的；D. marked显著的。后文“Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it was significantly…afterwards.”提到他们的阅读速度在看到商标之前和之后进行了测量，之后明显更快，这说明对潜意识的影响是显著的，故选D。 【48题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的阅读速度在看到商标之前和之后进行了测量，之后明显更快。A. reduced减少；B. accelerated加速；C. emphasized强调；D. neglected忽视。根据上文“Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it was significantly”以及上文提到了快餐会导致人们匆忙，推测阅读速度在看到商标之前和之后进行了测量，之后明显更快。故选B。 【49题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：参与者也更喜欢省时的产品，比如三合一的护肤品，而不是单独版本。A. separate各自的、单独的；B. special特别的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. latest最新的。根据空前的“three-in-one skincare treatments rather than”可知此处是与三合一的护肤品的比较，指的是单独版本的护肤品，故选A。 【50题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当被问及他们会立即接受一小笔钱还是在一周后接受更多的钱时，他们再次选择了立即获得奖励。A. potential潜在的；B. constant不变的；C. intense紧张的；D. instant立即的、紧迫的。上文“we found that the mere exposure to fast food symbols reduced people’s willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate ____6____ over greater future return, finally harming their economic interest”说仅仅接触快餐符号就降低了人们的储蓄意愿，导致他们宁愿眼前获利，也不愿未来获得更大回报，所以此处是眼前获利的表现，指的是他们选择立即获得奖励，故选D。 【51题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：快餐代表着一种时间效率和即时满足感的文化。A. cultivation培养；B. resistance阻力；C. satisfaction满意、满足；D. awareness意识。上文“led them to prefer immediate ____6____ over greater future return, finally harming their economic interest”说快餐会让人们选择立即的奖励，这说明快餐会给人们带来一种即时满足感，故选C。 【52题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：问题是，不管时间是否与环境相关，只要接触到快餐，节省时间的目标就会被激活。A. in terms of依据；B. on account of因为；C. regardless of不管；D. with respect to至于。根据空后的“whether time is a relevant factor in the context”可知，不管时间是否与环境相关，只要接触到快餐，节省时间的目标就会被激活，故选C。 【53题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，当一个人要去开会时，走得更快是有效率的，但是当一个人在公园散步时，这是一种不耐烦的表现。A. In other words换言之；B. On the contrary相反；C. For example例如；D. In addition此外。空后“walking faster is time-efficient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it’s a sign of impatience when one is taking a walk in the park”介绍的是一个具体的例子，需要用for example引出，故选C。 【54题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们发现，仅仅接触快餐就促使人普遍感到匆忙和不耐烦。A. promoting促进、提升；B. assuming假定；C. making制作；D. demonstrating表明。根据空后的“a general sense of hurriedness and impatience.”可知，仅仅接触快餐就会促使一种普遍的匆忙和不耐烦的感觉，故选A。 【55题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我坐在一家快餐店时，我发现自己正以惊人的速度狼吞虎咽地吃着我的巨无霸汉堡，尽管根本不着急。A. chance可能性；B. sense意义；C. rush匆促；D. harm损害。根据“even though”可知，表示转折关系，说明尽管并不着急，还是狼吞虎咽地吃巨无霸，故选C。 (B) Everyone procrastinates (拖延). “It’s part of the human condition,” says procrastination researcher Tim Pychyl, “We love avoidance, and that’s what procrastination ____56____: We want to feel good now. The way to do that is avoid the task.” You can procrastinate on nearly anything, even ____57____ tasks such as planning a vacation. Around 20 percent of us are long-term procrastinators at home and at work. One big factor for them is fear of failure, of not living up to expectations. Kelli Saginak, a 57-year-old health coach, procrastinated about looking for a new job for years. That ____58____ to take action only confirmed her belief that she would never do any better. “It’s totally fear of judgment,” says Saginak. “If I don’t take the risk, decide, or commit, I don’t have to be ____59____ with the judgment. Yet it’s simply me judging myself.” Some people don’t mind procrastinating, believing that they perform better under pressure. But researchers ____60____. “I did an experiment several years ago, putting procrastinators under the ____61____ of time,” says Joseph Ferrari, a psychology professor, “They did worse than non-procrastinators, but they ____62____ they did better.” Whatever the ____63____(or lack of it), procrastination is usually not going to be good for you. Delaying a diet or exercise program may increase your risk of heart disease. Not having seen the doctor when your illness was easier to treat may shorten your life. Just thinking about what you haven’t done may cause ____64____. “Procrastinators experience higher levels of stress, both from leaving things to the last minute and from their own ____65____ and self-critical feelings about their procrastination,” says Fuschia Sirois, a psychology lecturer at the University of Sheffield. For those of us in need of motivation, the best advice might be to ____66____. “We used to believe ____67____ follow attitude, but if you can make progress, even a little, that motivates you,” Pychyl says. So if you have been procrastinating on starting an exercise routine, just put on your walking shoes. Next, try sending yourself signals to action. For instance, you might put your lights on a timed dimmer switch to encourage a(n)____68____ bedtime. Joel Anderson, a philosophy researcher-lecturer at Utrecht University, crafted an experiment around this concept, and it worked on most of his subjects. “They formed a(n) ____69____,” Anderson says. “When the lights start to dim, I’ll start going to bed.” Finally, ____70____ yourself for each step you take toward your goal. After you’ve paid the bills, watch your favorite TV show. (But don’t try to convince yourself it will work the other way around! ) 56. A. comes down to B. runs out of C. puts up with D. breaks away from 57. A. repetitive B. household C. educational D. enjoyable 58. A. opportunity B. inflexibility C. inability D. desire 59. A. concerned B. faced C. contented D. impressed 60. A. observe B. disagree C. cooperate D. confirm 61. A. concept B. progression C. restriction D. circumstances 62. A. realized B. doubted C. assumed D. neglected 63. A. consequence B. motivation C. occasion D. origin 64 A. variation B. reaction C. sympathy D. discomfort 65. A. negative B. intense C. emotional D. indescribable 66. A. think small B. push the boundaries C. aim high D. accept calculated risks 67. A. expressions B. purposes C. promises D. behaviors 68. A. relaxing B. consistent C. distinctive D. irregular 69. A. intention B. opinion C. comparison D. identity 70. A. challenge B. prepare C. improve D. reward 【答案】56. A 57. D 58. C 59. B 60. B 61. C 62. C 63. B 64. D 65. A 66. A 67. D 68. B 69. A 70. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了拖延的原因、影响以及克服拖延的方法。 【56题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们喜欢逃避，这就是拖延的本质：我们现在想要感觉良好。A. comes down to归结为；B. runs out of用完；C. puts up with忍受；D. breaks away from脱离。根据上文“We love avoidance, and that’s what procrastination...” 可知，这里是在解释拖延的本质是什么，“comes down to” 有 “归结为” 的意思，符合语境。故选A。 【57题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你几乎可以在任何事情上拖延，甚至是像计划假期这样令人愉快的任务。A. repetitive重复的；B. household家庭的；C. educational教育的；D. enjoyable令人愉快的。根据下文“ such as planning a vacation” 可知，计划假期通常是一件让人觉得愉快的事情，“enjoyable” 符合语境。故选D。 【58题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那种无法采取行动的情况只会让她更加坚信自己永远不会做得更好。A. opportunity机会；B. inflexibility不灵活；C. inability无能，无法；D. desire欲望。根据文上文“Kelli Saginak, a 57-year-old health coach, procrastinated about looking for a new job for years.” 可知，Kelli Saginak 多年来一直拖延找新工作，这体现了她无法采取行动，“inability” 符合语境。故选C。 【59题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我不冒险、不做决定或不承诺，我就不必面对评判。A. concerned担心的；B. faced有……表面的；C. contented满足的；D. impressed印象深刻的。根据上文“If I don’t take the risk, decide, or commit” 可知，Saginak 认为如果自己不做这些，就不用面对评判，“be faced with” 表示 “面对”，符合文意。故选B。 【60题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但研究人员不同意。A. observe观察；B. disagree不同意；C. cooperate合作；D. confirm确认。根据上文“Some people don’t mind procrastinating, believing that they perform better under pressure. But researchers...” 可知，前面说一些人认为自己在压力下表现更好，而 “but” 表示转折，说明研究人员的观点与之不同，“disagree” 符合语境。故选B。 【61题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“几年前我做了一个实验，把拖延者置于时间的限制之下，” 心理学教授约瑟夫・法拉利说。A. concept概念；B. progression进步；C. restriction限制；D. circumstances情况。根据上文 of time以及下文“They did worse than non-procrastinators”可知，这里是说将拖延者置于时间的限制中，“restriction” 有 “限制” 的意思，符合文意。故选C。 【62题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们比不拖延的人做得更差，但他们认为自己做得更好。A. realized意识到；B. doubted怀疑；C. assumed认为，假定；D. neglected忽视。根据文章第 3 段 “They did worse than non-procrastinators”以及“did better.” 可知，这里是说拖延者虽然实际表现更差，但他们自己却认为自己做得更好，“assumed” 符合语境。故选C。 【63题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论动机是什么（或者缺乏动机），拖延通常对你都没有好处。A. consequence结果；B. motivation动机；C. occasion场合；D. origin起源。根据上文 “Whatever the...(or lack of it), procrastination is usually not going to be good for you.” 以及下文提到的拖延的各种不良影响可知，这里是说不管拖延的动机是什么，拖延通常对你都没有好处，“motivation” 符合语境。故选B。 【64题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：仅仅是想到你没有做的事情就可能会引起不适。A. variation变化；B. reaction反应；C. sympathy同情；D. discomfort不适。根据上文“Just thinking about what you haven’t done”以及下文“Procrastinators experience higher levels of stress...” 可知，拖延者会经历更高水平的压力，所以仅仅想到没做的事就会让人感到不适，“discomfort” 符合语境。故选D。 【65题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“拖延者会经历更高水平的压力，这既来自于把事情留到最后一刻，也来自于他们自己对拖延的消极和自我批评的感觉，” 谢菲尔德大学的心理学讲师富西亚・西罗伊斯说。A. negative消极的；B. intense强烈的；C. emotional情感的；D. indescribable难以形容的。根据下文“and self-critical feelings about their procrastination” 可知，这里说的是拖延者对自己拖延的消极感受，“negative” 符合语境。故选A。 【66题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于我们这些需要动力的人来说，最好的建议可能是从小事做起。A. think small从小事做起；B. push the boundaries突破界限；C. aim high志存高远；D. accept calculated risks接受有计划的风险。根据下文“So if you have been procrastinating on starting an exercise routine, just put on your walking shoes.” 可知，这里是说如果一直拖延开始锻炼，那就先穿上步行鞋，这是从小事做起，“think small” 符合语境。故选A。 【67题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我们过去认为行为遵循态度，但如果你能取得进步，哪怕是一点点，也会激励你，” 皮奇尔说。A. expressions表达；B. purposes目的；C. promises承诺；D. behaviors行为。根据下文“but if you can make progress, even a little, that motivates you” 以及 “So if you have been procrastinating on starting an exercise routine, just put on your walking shoes.” 可知，这里是说通过一些小的行为来取得进步从而获得动力，说明过去认为行为是遵循态度的，“behaviors” 符合文意。故选D。 【68题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，你可以把灯设置成定时调光开关，以鼓励一个固定的就寝时间。A. relaxing放松的；B. consistent一致的，固定的；C. distinctive独特的；D. irregular不规则的。根据上文“you might put your lights on a timed dimmer switch to” 可知，设置定时调光开关是为了鼓励有一个固定的就寝时间，“consistent” 符合语境。故选B。 【69题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“他们形成了一种意图，” 安德森说。“当灯光开始变暗时，我就开始上床睡觉。”A. intention意图；B. opinion意见；C. comparison比较；D. identity身份。根据下文“When the lights start to dim, I’ll start going to bed.” 可知，这是一种意图，即看到灯光变暗就打算上床睡觉，“intention” 符合语境。故选A。 70题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，为你朝着目标迈出的每一步奖励自己。A. challenge挑战；B. prepare准备；C. improve提高；D. reward奖励。根据下文“After you’ve paid the bills, watch your favorite TV show.” 可知，这里是说完成一件事就奖励自己看喜欢的电视节目，“reward” 符合语境。故选D。 Section B (30%) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Several years ago, I began asking my friends and family to tell me their passwords. I had come to believe that these tiny personalized codes get a bum rap. Yes, I understand why passwords are universally hated: the strains they put on our memory, the endless demand to update them, their sheer number. I hate them too. But there is more to passwords than their annoyance. In the fact that we construct them so that we (and only we) will remember them, they take on secret lives. Many of our passwords are filled with suffering, mischief, sometimes even poetry. Often they have rich backstories. There was the former prisoner whose password includes what used to be his identification number(“a reminder not to go back” ); the childless 45-year-old whose password is the name of the baby boy she lost ( “my way of trying to keep him alive, I guess”). Sometimes the passwords were playful. Several people said they used incorrect for theirs so that when they forgot it, the software automatically gave them the right one( “your password is incorrect”). Some passwords were striking for their creativity, folding big thoughts down into tidy little codes. After being inspired by Sheryl Sandberg’s book Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead. Cortni Kerr, a running partner of mine, began using Ww$$dol3, which stood for “What would Sheryl Sandberg do” plus “13” for the year(2013) of the password’s creation. TnsitTpsif was the password of another friend, a computer scientist who loves wordplay. It stands for “The next sentence is true. The previous sentence is false,” which in philosophy is called a liar’s paradox. For my friend, it was a playful reference to the knots that language can tie. While asking strangers about their passwords is a touchy proposition, it’s not every day that you come across a conversation topic that teaches you new things about people you’ve known for years. The 4622 that my wife uses in her passwords was not just the address of her own father’s childhood home but also a reminder of his weakness and strength. Apparently when the former 270-pound football standout, a scholarship athlete and the pride of his working-class neighborhood in west Tulsa, was a small boy, he had to sing his home address(4622 South 28th West Avenue) in one full breath rather than try to say it normally, otherwise, his stutter (口吃) would trip him up. 71. What does the phrase “a bum rap” (paragraph 1) most probably mean? A. an imaginative story B. an unreasonable structure C. a false blame D. a notable exception 72. Which of the following passwords does the writer use as an example of those with a touch of humour? A. An identification number. B. The word “incorrect” C. WwS$do13. D. TnsitTpsif. 73. Why does the writer’s wife use the number “4622” in her passwords? A. It reminded her of her father. B. It helped her to overcome stutter. C. It was the address of her childhood home. D. It was part of the name of her favourite song. 74. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. The Development of Passwords. B. The Secret Lives of Passwords. C. Why Everybody Hates Passwords. D. Passwords: What We Can’t Live Without. 【答案】71. C 72. B 73. A 74. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了密码不仅仅是用于登录的代码，它们还承载着个人的情感、记忆和创意，揭示了密码背后隐藏的“秘密生活”。 【71题详解】 词句猜测题。根据下文“Yes, I understand why passwords are universally hated: the strains they put on our memory, the endless demand to update them, their sheer number. I hate them too.(是的，我理解为什么密码被普遍憎恨：它们给我们的记忆带来压力，不断更新它们的需求，它们的数量之多。我也讨厌他们。)”可知，密码被普遍憎恨，所以作者肯定认为，密码被人们错怪了，短语a bum rap的意义为“错怪”，与a false blame意义一致。故选C项。 【72题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Sometimes the passwords were playful. Several people said they used incorrect for theirs so that when they forgot it, the software automatically gave them the right one( “your password is incorrect”).(有时密码会带点小幽默。一些人说他们使用“incorrect”作为密码，这样当他们忘记时，软件会自动给他们正确的密码(‘your password is incorrect’)。”可知，作者以“incorrect”作为幽默密码的例子。故选B项。 【73题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The 4622 that my wife uses in her passwords was not just the address of her own father’s childhood home but also a reminder of his weakness and strength.(我妻子用在她密码里的“4622”，不仅代表着她父亲童年故居的门牌号，更铭刻着他的脆弱与坚韧。)”可知，作者的妻子在她的密码中使用数字“4622”是因为这些数字让她想起她的父亲。故选A项。 【74题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第一段“In the fact that we construct them so that we (and only we) will remember them, they take on secret lives. Many of our passwords are filled with suffering, mischief, sometimes even poetry.(事实上，我们构建这些密码的方式使得只有我们自己能够记住它们，于是它们便拥有了隐秘的生命。我们的许多密码都充满了痛苦、恶作剧，有时甚至还有诗意。)”可知，文章通过多个例子展示了密码背后隐藏的情感、记忆和创意，揭示了密码的“秘密生活”。因此，最佳标题是“B. The Secret Lives of Passwords(密码的‘秘密生活’)”。故选B项。 (B) “Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo” is a real sentence. How? Let’s break it down, starting with a simple phrase: Monkeys from Pisa bully deer from London. OK, admittedly it’s an implausible scenario, but it’s a grammatically fine sentence. In English we can use place names as adjectives, so let’s shorten the sentence a little. Pisa monkeys bully London deer. Now we’ll throw in some giraffes from Paris to even the score with those mean monkeys. Pisa monkeys, whom Paris giraffes intimidate, bully London deer. English is peculiar in that you can omit relative pronouns, e. g., “the person whom I love” can be expressed as “the person I love.” Let’s do that to this sentence. Pisa monkeys Paris giraffes intimidate bully London deer. This kind of pronoun removal can be a little more difficult to grasp when written than when spoken. Saying the above sentence with pauses after monkeys and intimidate can help. Now we need to replace both of the verbs, intimidate and bully, with their (admittedly uncommon) synonym, buffalo. Pisa monkeys Paris giraffes buffalo buffalo London deer. Again, pauses help keep the meaning in mind: Put a pause after monkeys and the first buffalo. Now we’ll replace all the worldwide place names with the second-largest city in New York State, Buffalo. (That’s Buffalo’s tallest building, One Seneca Tower, below. ) Buffalo monkeys Buffalo giraffes buffalo buffalo Buffalo deer. You can probably guess what the next step is. But before we replace all the animals with the common name for the American bison, note how the capital letters in the above sentence help you keep the place names separate from the other usages of the word. OK, here goes: Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo. One last thing to note: This exceptional sentence is possible because the plural of the animal buffalo is buffalo, not buffalos, otherwise all the words wouldn’t be identical. English is strange and wonderful! 75. How should we read the following sentence with proper pauses? A. Buffalo buffalo Buffalo/ buffalo buffalo/ buffalo Buffalo buffalo. B. Buffalo buffalo/ Buffalo buffalo buffalo/ buffalo Buffalo buffalo. C. Buffalo buffalo Buffalo/ buffalo buffalo buffalo/ Buffalo buffalo. D. Buffalo buffalo/ Buffalo buffalo / Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo. 76. What is the key element to make this sentence possible? A. The relative pronouns in English can be omitted. B. The sentence consists of words in capital letters. C. The city has the same name with a kind of American bison. D. The word buffalo has the same form of singular and plural. 77. Where can you probably find this article? A. Wandering the Earth B. Linguistics Around Us C. Popular Animal Science D. English Culture Review 【答案】75. B 76. D 77. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章以一句话为例子，说明了语言学中，句子的组成和拆分的规律。 【75题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段的 “Saying the above sentence with pauses after monkeys and intimidate can help. Now we need to replace both of the verbs, intimidate and bully, with their (admittedly uncommon) synonym, buffalo. (说上面的句子，在猴子和恐吓后停顿会有帮助。现在我们需要把这两个动词 “恐吓” (intimidate)和 “欺负” (bully)都替换成它们的同义词 “buffalo” （公认是不常见的）)”可知，应该在第二个词和第五个词停顿，故选B项。 【76题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段 “One last thing to note: This exceptional sentence is possible because the plural of the animal buffalo is buffalo, not buffalos, otherwise all the words wouldn’t be identical. (最后要注意的一点是：之所以会出现这个例外的句子，是因为动物buffalo的复数形式是buffalo，而不是buffalos，否则所有的单词就不一样了)” 可知，buffalo这个单词单复数形式一样，故选D项。 【77题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段 “Let’s break it down, starting with simple phrase: (让我们从简单的短语开始分解它)” 以及第二段 “In English, we can use place names as adjective, so let’s shorten the sentence a little.(在英语中，我们可以用地名作为形容词，所以让我们把句子缩短一点)” 结合全文内容对“Buffalo, buffalo, Buffalo, buffalo, buffalo, buffalo, Buffalo, buffalo”这个句子的解释与拆分可知，文章内容主要研究句子的组成和拆分规律，由此可推断这篇文章最有可能出现在“Linguistics Around Us（我们周围的语言学）” ，故选B项。 (C) There are times when murder is not committed because of cruelty. People may kill for other reasons such as anger, misunderstanding, and fear. Everyone has made mistakes because of such feeling. For society, it is a serious mistake to take the life of someone who has killed because it teaches everyone that forgiveness is unnecessary. The government has the difficult job of deciding who is innocent and who is guilty, and this job can never be done perfectly. If capital punishment (死刑) is allowed, there always exists the possibility that an innocent person will be executed by mistake. When that happens, an even worse crime has been committed — the killing of an innocent person by the government. Then there is the fact that the poor and minorities get the death penalty more often than whites do. Furthermore, the idea that capital punishment stops criminals from committing murder is doubtful; studies have been unable to show that the fear of capital punishment stops someone from committing murder more than other punishments. And let us not forget that murdering the murderer is a violent act in itself; it is revenge (复仇). The U. S. government once followed the example of Germany, Britain, France, and other nations that no longer execute their citizens — however, since 1977, our society has been allowing capital punishment again, at a high cost. We cannot imagine the pain of family members who have been waiting for years for the government’s decision to execute or not execute their loved ones. It also costs the taxpayer millions of dollars more to execute a criminal than to imprison that criminal for life. Prison is a better form of punishment because it protects society and punishes criminals by taking away their freedom. People can change, even people who have made terrible mistakes. Life in prison gives people the chance to change. Caryl Chessman is an example of someone who became a better person in prison. He taught other prisoners how to read, and he wrote several books. Before his execution, he wrote that he had finally learned not to hate. Chessman learned this important lesson in prison. But a dead man learns nothing, and an executed person will never change. When a government kills, it is murdering hope. 78. According to the passage, all the followings are the results of the capital punishment except that______. A. capital punishment doesn’t necessarily put an end to crimes B. execution may cause an innocent person to die C. the blacks get executed more often than the whites do D. capital punishment may arouse a desire for revenge 79. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. The lack of transparency(透明度) in the justice system made family members painful. B. The cost of capital punishment is higher for taxpayers compared with life imprisonment. C. Execution is a better form of punishment because it protects society and punishes criminals. D. Throughout its history, America has never abandoned the practice of capital punishment. 80. The writer uses the example of Caryl Chessman to prove that ______. A. everyone can become a better person in prison B. everyone can make terrible mistakes C. execution robs people of the chance to change D. It is always a good thing to learn not to hate 81. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Not all people who kill are cruel. B. Capital punishment is revenge. C. Prison can sometimes improve a person. D. Execution is not a better form of punishment. 【答案】78. D 79. B 80. C 81. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了死刑的判决有时候并不是一个好的，合适的惩罚方式。 【78题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“If capital punishment (死刑) is allowed, there always exists the possibility that an innocent person will be executed by mistake. When that happens, an even worse crime has been committed — the killing of an innocent person by the government. Then there is the fact that the poor and minorities get the death penalty more often than whites do. Furthermore, the idea that capital punishment stops criminals from committing murder is doubtful; studies have been unable to show that the fear of capital punishment stops someone from committing murder more than other punishments. And let us not forget that murdering the murderer is a violent act in itself; it is revenge (复仇).(如果允许极刑，无辜者被错误处决的可能性总是存在的。当这种情况发生时，就犯下了更严重的罪行——用政府杀死了一个无辜的人。还有一个事实是，穷人和少数族裔比白人更经常被判死刑。此外，死刑阻止罪犯杀人的想法是值得怀疑的；研究一直无法证明，对死刑的恐惧比其他惩罚更能阻止一个人谋杀。我们不要忘记，谋杀凶手本身就是一种暴力行为；这是报复)”可知，根据文章，ABC选项的内容都是死刑的结果，除了死刑可能会激起报复的欲望。故选D项。 【79题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“It also costs the taxpayer millions of dollars more to execute a criminal than to imprison that criminal for life.(而且，处决一名罪犯比将其终身监禁要多花费纳税人数百万美元)”可知，无期徒刑比死刑更昂贵说法是错误的。故选B项。 【80题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“People can change, even people who have made terrible mistakes. Life in prison gives people the chance to change. Caryl Chessman is an example of someone who became a better person in prison.(人是会改变的，即使是犯了严重错误的人。监狱生活给了人们改变的机会。Caryl Chessman就是一个在监狱里变得更好的例子)”可知，作者用Caryl Chessman的例子来证明，死刑剥夺了人们改变的机会。故选C项。 【81题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“There are times when murder is not committed because of cruelty. People may kill for other reasons such as anger, misunderstanding, and fear. Everyone has made mistakes because of such feeling. For society, it is a serious mistake to take the life of someone who has killed because it teaches everyone that forgiveness is unnecessary.(有些时候，谋杀并非因为残忍而发生。人们可能因为愤怒、误解和恐惧等其他原因而杀人。每个人都因为这种感觉而犯过错误。对社会来说，夺去杀人者的生命是一个严重的错误，因为它告诉每个人，宽恕是不必要的)”以及文章主要介绍了死刑的判决有时候并不是一个好的，合适的惩罚方式。可知，这篇文章的主旨是死刑不是更好的惩罚方式。故选D项。 (D) Before the age of the smartphone, photographers had to learn how to use high-tech cameras and photographic techniques. Today, with the huge range of camera apps on our smartphones, we’re all good amateur photographers, since the quality of smartphone images now nearly equals that of digital cameras. The new ease of photography has given us a tremendous appetite for capturing the magical and the ordinary. We are obsessed with documenting everyday moments, whether it’s a shot of our breakfast, our cat or the cat’s breakfast. Even photo journalists are experimenting with mobile phones because their near invisibility makes it easier to capture unguarded moments. In the past, magazines published unforgettable photos of important people and global events that captured our imaginations. These photos had the power to change public opinion and even the course of history. But if there are fewer memorable images today, it’s not because there are fewer good images. It’s because there are so many, and no one image gets to be special for long. As people everywhere embrace photography and the media make use of citizen journalists, professional standards appear to be shifting. Before digital images, most people trusted photographs to accurately reflect reality. Today, images can be altered in ways the naked eye might never notice. Photojournalists are trained to accurately represent what they witness. Yet any image can be altered to create an “improved” picture of reality. The average viewer is left with no way to assess the accuracy of an image except through trust in a news organization or photographer. The question of the accuracy of images gets even trickier when photojournalists start experimenting with camera apps — like Hipstamatic or Instagram — which encourage the use of filters (滤镜). Images can be colored, brightened, faded, and scratched to make photographs more artistic, or to give them an antique look. Photographers using camera apps to cover wars and conflicts have created powerful images — but also controversy. Critics worry that antique-looking photographs romanticize war, while distancing us from those who fight in them. Yet photography has always been more subjective than we assume. Each picture is a result of a series of decisions — where to stand, what lens to use, what to leave in and what to leave out of the frame. Does altering photographs with camera app filters make them less true? There’s something powerful and exciting about the experiment the digital age has forced upon us. These new tools make it easier to tell our own stories — and they give others the power to do the same. Many members of the media get stuck on the same stories, focusing on elections, governments, wars, and disasters, and in the process, miss out on the less dramatic images of daily life that can be as revealing. Who knows? Our obsession with documentation and constantly being connected could lead to a dramatic change in our way of being. Perhaps we are witnessing the development of a universal visual language, one that could change the way we related to each other and the world. Of course, as with any language, there will be those who produce poetry and those who make shopping lists. 82. According to the author, there are fewer memorable photographs today because ______. A. the quality of many images is still poor B. there are so many good images these days C. traditional media refuse to allow amateur photos D. most images are not appealing to a global audience 83. Which of the statements does the author most likely agree with? A. The daily life pictures are very expressive themselves. B. Photographs of the digital age are more subjective than before. C. Photos altered by filters of camera apps are too subjective to be true. D. Many members of the media value daily life images over major social events. 84. What can we learn from the passage? A. The boom of smartphone photography might transform our connection with each other. B. Smartphone photography has caused a decline in the number of professional photographers. C. Documentation obsession guarantees more poetic visual content than the ordinary content. D The average viewer can assess the accuracy of altered images through advanced technology. 85. What may be the best title for the passage? A. Camera Apps Bury Authenticity B. Photography Redefined: A Visual Language C. Smartphone: Killer of Professional Photography D. The Shifting Standards of Professional Photography 【答案】82. B 83. A 84. A 85. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了随着手机相机App的兴起， 以及像素等的提高，我们普通人也可以拍出高质量的照片，我们正在见证这种视觉语言的发展。 【82题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句话“But if there are fewer memorable images today, it’s not because there are fewer good images. It’s because there are so many, and no one image gets to be special for long. (但如果现在有较少值得纪念的照片，那并不是因为好的照片较少，这是因为有太多，没有一张能长时间保持特别。)”可知，作者认为现在值得纪念的照片较少是因为好的照片太多了，故选B。 【83题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Many members of the media get stuck on the same stories, focusing on elections, governments, wars, and disasters, and in the process, miss out on the less dramatic images of daily life that can be as revealing. (许多媒体人被同样的故事困住了，把注意力集中在选举、政府、战争和灾难上，在这个过程中，他们错过了日常生活中那些不那么引人注目的、同样能揭示真相的画面。)”可知，在这个过程中，错过了日常生活中那些不那么戏剧化的画面，而这些画面同样可以揭示问题，因此推断作者会同意日常生活中的照片很有表现力，故选A。 【84题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Our obsession with documentation and constantly being connected could lead to a dramatic change in our way of being. Perhaps we are witnessing the development of a universal visual language, one that could change the way we related to each other and the world. (我们对文件的痴迷和不断的联系可能会导致我们存在方式的巨大变化。也许我们正在见证一种通用视觉语言的发展，这种语言可能会改变我们与他人以及与世界的联系方式。)”可知，智能手机摄影的繁荣可能会改变我们彼此之间的联系。故选A。 【85题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章大意，第四段的“As people everywhere embrace photography and the media make use of citizen journalists， professional standards appear to be shifting．(随着世界各地的人们拥抱摄影，媒体利用公民记者，专业标准似乎正在发生变化。)”以及最后一段中“Perhaps we are witnessing the development of a universal visual language, one that could change the way we relate to each other and the world. Of course, as with my language, there will be those who product poetry and those who make shopping lists. (也许我们正在见证一种通用的视觉语言的发展，它可能会改变我们与他人和世界联系的方式。当然，就像我的语言一样，会有人写诗，有人列购物清单。)”可知，文章主要讲的是摄影随着时代的发展，已成为一种通用的视觉语言的发展，故可推知，文章最好的标题为“重新定义的摄影：一种视觉语言”。故选B。 IV. Translation(15%) 86. 我发现向有经验的前辈请教如何拓展自己的事业是很有必要的。(it) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I find it necessary to consult experienced seniors about how to further my career/ask experienced seniors how to further my career. 【解析】 【详解】考查it作形式宾语以及非谓语动词。表示“我”用I，作主语。句子描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，“发现”用find，主语为I，谓语用动词原形find。“发现做某事是……的”用find it+adj.+to do sth.结构，其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语。“向……请教”可以用consult sb. about sth.或ask sb. sth.，用不定式形式，作真正的宾语。表示“有经验的前辈”用experienced seniors，作consult或ask的宾语。表示“拓展我自己的事业”用further my career；表示“如何做某事”用how to do sth.结构，是“疑问词+动词不定式”作about或ask的宾语。故翻译为I find it necessary to consult experienced seniors about how to further my career/ask experienced seniors how to further my career. 87. 学生们加倍努力学习以期有朝一日考上心仪的大学。(admit) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The students double their efforts to study in order to get admitted to their ideal university one day. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语、时态和非谓语动词。主语“学生们”翻译为the students ；“加倍努力做某事”可用固定短语double one’s efforts to do sth.，表示“学生们加倍努力学习”用double their efforts to study，句子描述现阶段学生们的行为，谓语动词double用一般现在时态；“以期，为了”用固定短语in order to，作目的状语 ；“被……录取”用动词短语get admitted to；宾语“心仪的大学”用their ideal university ；时间状语“有朝一日”用one day；。综上，全句译为：The students double their efforts to study in order to get admitted to their ideal university one day. 88. 与其他对手相比，她具备高超的沟通与表达技巧，更能胜任这份工作。(arm) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Compared with (the) other candidates, she is well armed with communication and expression skills, so she is competent in/ to do this job. 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态。句子在陈述事实，为一般现在时，主语“她”she，“具备”为be armed with，主语是she，be动词使用is；介词with后接宾语“沟通与表达技巧”communication and expression skills；“所以”使用连词so，“胜任……”为be competent in sth或者be competent to do sth，“这份工作”this job，“与……相比”为be compared with...,去掉be动词，使用过去分词形式作状语，with后接宾语“对手”(the) other candidates。故翻译为：Compared with (the) other candidates, she is well armed with communication and expression skills, so she is competent in/ to do this job. 89. 这家公司多措并举，通过发送线上邮件到线下走访的方式与目标顾客保持紧密联系，效果显著。(range) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This company takes various measures to keep in close contact with its target customers, ranging from (sending) online e-mails to (paying) offline visits, and achieves great results/whose effects are great/ the effects of which are great. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词或定语从句。表示“这家公司”用this company，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。句子描述公司的常规做法，时态用一般现在时。“采取各种措施”用take various measures，主语是第三人称单数，所以谓语用takes。“与……保持紧密联系”用keep in close contact with，用不定式，作目的状语。“它的目标顾客”用its target customers，作with的宾语。表示“从……到……”用rang from...to...，与measures是主动关系，用现在分词短语，作后置定语，修饰measures。表示“发送线上邮件”用send online e-mails，“线下走访”用pay offline visits，from和to是介词，后接动名词形式，即sending和paying，也可省略sending和paying。表示“取得显著效果”用achieves great results，用and连接并列谓语takes和achieves。表示“效果显著”也可以用effects are great，“取得显著效果”也可以用定语从句，先行词为 measures，关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语，修饰effects，用whose引导；也可以用of which引导的定语从句，which指代measures。故翻译为This company takes various measures to keep in close contact with its target customers, ranging from (sending) online e-mails to (paying) offline visits, and achieves great results/whose effects are great/ the effects of which are great. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$