专题03 阅读理解说明文（广东专用）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末真题分类汇编

专题02 阅读理解说明文（广东专用） C 话题一：人与社会 1.（23-24高一下·广东省东莞市·期末） On 22 April, people across the planet celebrate Earth Day. This is a yearly event that marks the achievements of environmental activists and lays stress on the need to protect the environment for future generations. There are lots of different events taking place all across the world. Earth Day began in 1970 and since then it has grown strikingly. Although it lasts only one day, many events or activities happen over a week or even a month. The Earth Day movement also encourages people to do things all year that will help the planet. The topic of this year’s Earth Day is Planet vs. Plastics, and the aim is to focus on the harm that plastics cause to the environment, because it takes hundreds of years to break down for plastics. The Earth Day movement is demanding a 60% reduction in the amount of plastics that humans use by 2040. This includes ending the production of single-use plastics completely by 2030. The movement also wants governments to help end fast fashion, which refers to cheap clothes that are quickly produced by large companies. Many of these items, which often end up in rubbish sites, contain plastics. Schools and some social groups across the world take an active part in Earth Day events. Students from primary schools, for example, will pick up rubbish in their neighborhoods. Some libraries in parts of the world run events designed to let people get creative and voice their opinions on the environment. The Earth Day website lists activities arranged around the world, and an increasing number of people are registering their own Earth Day events. If you want to be part of it, search for “Earth Day Creative Events”. 28.Why do people celebrate Earth Day each year? A．To promote cultural events. B．To recognize the earth’s beauty. C．To make it known by more people. D．To raise people’s environmental awareness. 29.What do we know about Earth Day? A．It lasts about a week. B．It calls for continuous efforts. C．It becomes an official holiday. D．It encourages personal growth. 30.What does the underlined phrase “fast fashion” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Items that are of high quality. B．Items that are made of plastics. C．Pretty clothes that are fashionable. D．Low-cost clothing produced rapidly. 31.What do the last two paragraphs mainly talk about? A．Libraries are offering creative lectures. B．Schools are praising students’ performances. C．People around the world are protecting Earth. D．People are raising funds for various activities. 2.（23-24高一下·广东省佛山市·期末） Can talking to other people online help socially isolated (孤立的) older adults in any way? A new research is seeking evidence to prove the benefits of online social communications. Lead author Hiroko Dodge started the study about ten years ago, recognizing the harmful effects of social isolation. The experiment, known as I-CONNECT, involved 186 participants aged 75 years and older. The experiment used the Internet to allow for conversational communications between the participants and trained interviewers. To make the experience more interesting, the researchers ensured that the participants had different conversation partners each time, and they provided daily topics and pictures. The experiment lasted a year, with 30-minute conversations held four times a week for the first six months and then twice a week for an additional six months. At the end of the first six-month period, the participants showed higher cognitive (认知的) test scores compared to another group who did not take part in such conversations. And, at the end of the second six-month period, the participants had test scores indicating better memory-related brain function and improved emotional well-being. Following the experiment, Dodge and her teammates established the I-CONNECT Foundation, aiming at providing social communications to socially isolated older individuals in the community free of charge. “Our next goal is to extend these activities to reach more isolated people in need, as well as to study how social communications impact our brain functions,” said Dodge. “Providing frequent stimulating (有促进作用的) conversational communications through the Internet could be an effective home-based strategy against social isolation and cognitive problem.” Human contacts are important for our emotional well-being. The team is currently researching into chatbots (聊天机器人) as they are aware that chatbots might work as effectively as humans for cognitive stimulations. 28.How did researchers make the conversational communications more engaging? A．By using trained interviewers. B．By limiting the length of talks. C．By increasing the frequency of talks. D．By arranging unfixed talking partners. 29.What are the findings of the experiment? A．Socially isolated people tend to talk online. B．Online chatting improves cognitive function. C．High cognitive ability ensures positive emotions. D．Wide-ranging topics benefit the elderly’s memory. 30.What is one goal of the I-CONNECT Foundation? A．Increase the sales of chatbots. B．Organize face-to-face activities. C．Struggle against social isolation. D．Study new ways of communication. 31.What is the main purpose of the text? A．To present findings of Dodge’s team. B．To improve the latest technology. C．To introduce a non-profit organization. D．To draw attention to a social problem. 3.（23-24高一下·广东省惠州市·期末） The 20-minute rule is very simple. Next time you fear to do something, set a timer for 20 minutes, and start working on whatever it is you’ve been putting off. It doesn’t matter if you’re slow at first, the important thing is that you work on your task for just 20 minutes. When the timer goes off, reset it and take a 20-minute break to focus on a different task or do something else you’re more interested in: When that timer goes off, reset it again and go back to work on your original task. After a few turns of this, you’ll find you’ve built up strength and can keep working on the task you so feared. In fact, you may discover that you’ve done the thing completely! The reality is that procrastination (拖延症) actually originates from fear and the expectation of-pain. This is usually a fear of failure or of-not meeting our own standards. Somehow, we manage to link a lot of pain to the action we know we should take. The expectation of pain keeps us from acting, and we fail to even get started. The 20-minute rule is designed to help you begin working through the process of developing new emotions in connection to a task. Because the thing is, the 20-minute rule is not actually meant to get the job done at all. It’s meant to help you get started. The “getting it done” part will just be a happy accident if you use the 20-minute rule enough. What’s important, is to prove, to your brain that you can work on something for 20 minutes without feeling the pain you were so fearfully expecting. By showing yourself that everything will be fine if you just do the thing, you help start to relieve your own fears. Whatever you fear, you don’t have to do it all at once. Just set a timer, and get started. 28.What really matters if one follows “the 20-minute rule”? A．Setting a timer for 20 minutes. B．Taking a break at the proper time. C．Concerning about the progress of the task. D．Dealing with the task for simply 20 minutes. 29.What causes procrastination according to paragraph 4? A．Lack of interest in the task. B．Anxiety about the expected pain. C．Not enough time management skills. D．The need for perfection and effective plan. 30.How does the 20-minute rule help in overcoming procrastination? A．It helps you start working on the task. B．It ensures you meet your own standards. C．It allows you to complete the task quickly. D．It helps you develop a new connection to the task. 31.What can we infer from the passage? A．Good mood will turn you around. B．Success is the reward of hard work. C．It is the first step that is troublesome. D．Cross the bridge when you come to it. 4.（23-24高一下·广东省大湾区·期末） Trying to imagine white sheep, jumping one by one over a fence, is a well-known solution for sleeplessness. I don't have the problem often, but I've often wondered just who came up with such a silly suggestion. If the idea is to bore yourself to sleep, why not count backward? And who decided on sheep? Why not rabbits, horses or kangaroos? History supposedly provides the answer: It was said to be a way for ancient shepherds (牧羊人) short of human company for weeks at a time, to fall asleep each night-they counted their sheep until sleepy. Whether that's true or not, I don’t know. So does counting sheep really help you fall asleep? A 2002 study on fighting sleeplessness put the way to the test. In fact, that wasn’t the point of the research. “Our study more than 20 years ago wasn’t about counting sheep; it was just about using imagery (图像) to fight sleeplessness, ” said Harvey, who conducted the research. Harvey’s research divided 50 people into three groups. The first had no instructions on how to fall asleep, while members of the second were told to distract from thoughts, worries and concerns in any way they wanted. The third group was instructed to perform an interesting imagery task, such as creating or remembering a waterfall, a holiday or a summer afternoon in the sun. Those who used imagery reported falling asleep much faster than either of the two other groups, and they rated their thoughts, worries and concerns to be less uncomfortable than people in the distraction or no instruction group. While she didn’t actually study counting sheep as a way of treating sleeplessness, Harvey does have an opinion based on her years as a sleep expert. “Counting sheep usually does not do the trick,” she said. “Instead, we work out a menu of options with people, because everyone is different and not one option is going to help every single time.” Over two decades later, Harvey still emphasizes that using one’s imagination is a top tip. 28.Why did the author mention other animals in paragraph 1? A．To stress the equality of all animals. B．To show his doubt about the solution. C．To prove the effect of counting sheep. D．To confirm his assumption about sleep. 29.What’s the focus of the study in 2002? A．Sleeping habits. B．Testing methods. C．Counting sheep. D．Using imagination. 30.What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A．Imagining scenes may aid in sleep. B．Counting sheep cures sleeplessness. C．Falling asleep faster removes worries. D．Rating thoughts can be uncomfortable. 31.Which of the following would Harvey most probably agree with? A．Offering a nutritious menu for sleepless people. B．Regarding all traditional methods as ineffective. C．Suggesting a customized plan for each individual. D．Supporting the use of imagination as the only way. 5.（23-24高一下·广东省八区期末联考·期末） Imagine living in a cool, green city filled with parks and threaded with footpaths, bike lanes and buses which transport people to shops, schools and service centers in a matter of minutes. This fancy dream is behind the idea of the 15-minute city, where all basic needs and services are within a quarter of an hour’s reach, improving public health and reducing pollution. Artificial intelligence could help city planners realize that vision faster, with a new study from researchers at Tsinghua University in China demonstrating how machine learning can produce more efficient spatial designs than humans can. Automation (自动化) scientist Zheng Yu and his colleagues wanted to find new solutions to our crowded cities. They developed an AI system to deal with the tough tasks of city planning and found it can produce city plans that outperform human designs by about 50 percent on three aspects: access to services, green spaces and traffic levels. Starting small, Zheng’s team tasked their model with designing the city area only a few square kilometers in size(about 3x3 blocks). After two days of training, the AI system searched for the ideal road layouts and land use to fit with the concept of the 15-minute city. While the AI model can increase its use for planning larger city areas, designing an entire city would be much more complex. Drafting a neighborhood consisting of 4x4 blocks contains twice as many planning decisions as designing 3x3 blocks. But automating even a few steps in the planning process can save huge amounts of time: the AI model can compute in seconds certain tasks that take human planners between 50 to 100 minutes to work through. Automating certain tasks of city planning would free up human planners to focus on more challenging or human-centric tasks, such as public engagement and aesthetics. Rather than AI replacing people, Zheng thinks their AI system can work as an “assistant” to city planners, who could produce concept designs that are improved by the system, and reviewed, adjusted by human experts based on community feedback. 28.What does “that vision” refer to in paragraph 2? A．Building up a convenient and green city. B．Improving work efficiency in city design. C．Using AI widely to improve life in the city. D．Creating more needs and services in the city. 29.How did Zheng’s team carry out their study? A．By comparing the perfomances of AI and humans. B．By asking AI to complete a design of an entire city. C．By training human designers for more challenging jobs. D．By holding a design competition between AI and humans. 30.Which is AI incapable of considering in city planning according to the study? A．Traffic level. B．Green spaces. C．Access to services. D．Public engagement. 31.Which of the following statements would the author most probably agree with? A．The use of AI will lead to less friendly cities. B．Humans should deal with minor tasks in city design. C．AI can work with humans to create more livable cities. D．AI will take the place of human experts in the future. 话题一：人与自我 1.（23-24高一下·广东省广州市五校联考·期末） Hiring processes can be thought of as a battle between integrity and dishonesty. You might imagine this is a simple fight between truth-seeking firms and self-promoting applicants, and to a certain extent it is. But companies themselves tend to bend reality out of shape in ways that are self-defeating. Start with the obvious wrongdoers: job applicants. When it comes to writing the resume (简历), they are likely to beautify reality into the most attractive shape possible. Everyone beyond a certain level of experience is a transformational leader personally responsible for generating millions of income; the world economy would be about 15 times bigger than it actually is if all such claims were true. The average British people spend four and a half hours a day watching TV and online videos. But each average job candidate is an enthusiast for public welfare, using their spare time only for worthy purposes, like volunteering in soup kitchens. But the tendency to overturn the truth negatively impacts companies as well as applicants. The typical firm will write a job description that invariably describes the work environment as fast-paced and innovative, and then lays out a set of improbable requirements for the “ideal candidate”, someone who almost by definition does not exist. Sometimes, the requirements include an ability to go back and change the course of history. Too few firms offer an accurate account of what a position actually involves in their job previews, which are supposed to give potential employees a real sense of the negatives and positives of the job, as well as a clear idea of the company’s corporate culture. One effective strategy is to lay out in text or video what a typical day in the role would look like. Such honesty can be its own reward. Research has long suggested that realistic job previews lead to lower turnover and higher employee satisfaction. A paper in 2011 by David Eamest of Towson University and his co-authors concluded that favourable perceptions of the organisation's honesty are the best explanation for why. So a process designed to uncover the truth about job applicants would run a lot more smoothly if firms were also honest about themselves. 28.Why are “leader” and "enthusiast" mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To stress the importance of presenting a personal image. B．To describe the hiring process of a large company. C．To make a comparison between different interviewers. D．To show job applicants' attempt to appear good. 29.What problems do many firms hate? A．They set goals for their employees. B．They fails to provide honest job description. C．Their working environment is stressful. D．They are becoming less friendly to employees. 30.What are job previews expected to be like in paragraph .4? A．They show a position as it is. B．They are made either in text or video. C．They are favorable for bigger firms. D．They mainly contain negatives of a job. 31.What does the text mainly talk about? A．Pains and gains of employees. B．How to get the lying out of hiring. C．How to be more appealing in hiring. D．A war between applicants and companies. 2.（23-24高一下·广东省中山市·期末） Technology and the Psychology of Second Language Learners and Users is a collection of studies that focuses on second language (L2) teaching and learning. This book, made up of 23 parts, presents research on how technology affects the learning psychology (心理) of L2learners. One of the main contributions of the book is that it is more than just a descriptive account of current research regarding technology and the psychological side of L2 learners. A key view is that technology does not necessarily lead to positive psychological effects. In fact, some learners may feel anxious or uncomfortable using technology for language learning, which can hinder their performance. What’s more, learner psychology still requires closer examination, as learners’ attitudes towards technology-assisted learning do not always match their actual practices. Another important contribution of this book is that it presents the connection and interplay between language learners’ online identity and offline identity. As studies in the book have shown, positive online identities may support language learning and can potentially apply to offline situations. Also, individuals have different identities in the off line environment, which may influence how they experience online. A third contribution of the book is that it provides various cases in detail to tell readers how to conduct research. Technology has created different online learning contexts for researchers to investigate, such as blogs and online social networks, to name a few. Thus, researchers are offered a lot of choices and have various studies to refer to when they do future research. As illustrated above, this book provides both theoretical and practical value. It familiarizes researchers with the interplay of technology, psychology, and L2 learning, while also reminding teachers of the importance of integrating (结合) technology thoughtfully, considering individual learner differences. Adding instructions and steps on how to apply research findings to real teaching and learning contexts at the end of each part could further strengthen the book’s usefulness for language instructors. 28.What does the underlined word “hinder” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Predict. B．Prevent. C．Analyze. D．Improve. 29.What can we learn about the book? A．It indicates the benefits of positive online identities. B．It illustrates the technology for positive psychology. C．It develops offline learning contexts for researchers. D．It provides detailed instructions for language teachers. 30.What's the author's attitude towards the book? A．Neutral. B．Negative. C．Unclear. D．Positive. 31.What is the text? A．A book review. B．A news report. C．A research paper. D．A learning guide. 话题一：人与自然 1.（23-24高一下·广东省潮州市·期末） European rabbits might not be much to look at. They have a grayish-brown coat, small ears, and short legs. But these animals are not as ordinary as they seem. European rabbits live in grass habitats. They are somewhat picky eaters. They dig and disturb the ground while they look for food. “Their activities can create areas of bare soil which plants require,” rabbit expert Diana Bell says. Rabbits also contribute nutrients to the soil after they leave their waste there. Researchers have found that this activity benefits lowland grassland habitats, which can help maintain beneficial conditions for many plants, insects, and bird species. Without the help of rabbits, many of these species would have to leave the area or might even die out. But due to threats such as disease, habitat loss, and hunting, the animals are classified as endangered in their native region, the Iberian Peninsula. One disease called myxomatosis (兔瘟) is an insect-spread virus from South America that was on purpose introduced by a farmer in the mid-1950s to control the rabbit population. About 90% of European rabbits died during early outbreaks and the disease continues to affect rabbit populations on the Iberian Peninsula. To help rabbit populations recover, Bell has suggestions in the habitat recovery project. She is encouraging people to do their part to help protect the rabbits. For instance, people can just create piles of branches and make sloping mounds (斜堆) of soil in their spare time and then the rabbits can find cover. Actions like these won’t take people much energy or time, and over the past three years, researchers have found they are working. “Our work resulted in evidence of rabbit activity in significantly higher numbers,” Bell says. Environmentalists have used other methods to help protect decreasing rabbit populations such as creating wildlife corridors, which are unbroken animal habitats that function like animal high-ways. “Efforts to reintroduce them on the Iberian Peninsula have been largely unsuccessful but we’ve managed to do this in the U. K.” Bell says. 28.What do we know about European rabbits? A．Their appearance makes them unappreciated. B．They play a role in the grassland ecosystem. C．Their digging does harm to the local environment. D．They prefer to cooperate with other species to avoid danger. 29.What can be concluded from the example mentioned in paragraph 3? A．Inappropriate human activity may bring crisis to animals. B．It is unwise to use viruses to control rabbit populations. C．Wild animals adapt themselves slowly to foreign environments. D．People should create more bare soil for European rabbits. 30.Which of the following can best describe Bell’s suggestions on protecting rabbits? A．Useful but expensive. B．Traditional and acceptable. C．Creative but unpopular. D．Simple and effective. 31.What does the author intend to tell us in the text? A．Ways to create a balanced ecosystem. B．Efforts to recover the population of European rabbits. C．Measures to control the spread of European rabbits. D．Reasons why European rabbits like digging. 2.（23-24高一下·广东省肇庆市·期末） It’s easy not to think much about the intelligence of insects. Small creatures with even smaller brains — how smart can they be? But as researchers begin to rethink how animals think, even insects are being seen in a new light. Now a new study from the University or Bristol finds that Heliconius butterflies (蝴蝶) have the ability to learn about space. To test the butterflies’ spatial learning abilities, the researchers set up experiments across three different spatial levels, each reflecting behaviors significant to their natural environment. First, they checked if the butterflies could find food among 16 flowers in a small area. Next, they enlarged the space, seeing if the butterflies could choose the correct side of a larger maze (迷宫) for food. Finally, they used a big outdoor cage to see if the butterflies could find their way through a wide T-maze for food. The butterflies succeeded in all tests. The study’s senior author, Dr. Stephen Montgomery, notes that these findings show the difficult behaviors that even familiar animals like butterflies exhibit as part of their natural ecology (生态). These species are processing diverse information from their environment and utilizing it to perform difficult tasks — all with brains just a few millimeters wide. The researchers plan to further investigate Heliconius butterflies’ spatial learning abilities by comparing them to closely related species that do not feed on pollen (花粉). This will help show how an animal's environment can affect the development of its thinking skills. Co-lead author Dr. Priscila Moura stresses the significance of these findings, saying that they provide actual evidence of the butterflies’ fascinating spatial learning abilities, a subject that has been discussed for nearly a century. With the new understanding, the researchers can continue to explore insect intelligence and behavior. 28.What did the University of Bristol’s study find about Hehicomius butterflies? A．They are capable of spatial learning. B．They require assistance in finding food. C．They can fly long distances without rest. D．They have a social circle like other insects. 29.What does paragraph 2 mainly focus on? A．The research benefits. B．The research process. C．The research papers. D．The research team. 30.What does the underlined word “utilizing” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Checking. B．Seeking. C．Judging. D．Using. 31.What is Dr. Priscila Moura’s attitude toward the findings? A．Doubtful. B．Puzzled. C．Supportive. D．Unclear. 3.（23-24高一下·广东省揭阳市·期末） Every year millions of electronics and electrical appliances (家用电器) are thrown away. This e-waste includes cellphones, computers, appliances and medical equipment. If not properly dealt with, e-waste can release (释放) up to 100 different chemicals into the environment. However, less than one quarter of the waste is reused. Most people will consider buying new electronics and electrical appliances if the old ones are out of order. About 80 percent of broken electronics are repairable. If anything isn’t done to encourage repairs, e-waste will grow to about 74 million tons by 2030. Now a new concept is hoping to change the facts on the ground by creating “fixing factories”. Two of the factories opened in Camden and Brent in the spring of 2023. The factories were inspired by the nonprofit Restart Project, which began holding repair parties about ten years ago. People were invited to have their electronics repaired over a cup of beer. “Camden is where we ran our first party almost 10 years ago, and we’ve enjoyed bringing our events to pubs, community centers, festivals, universities and other places,” said Fiona Dear, the charity’s co-director. “We hope the local fixing factory will provide an opportunity for people to take their out-of -order electronics or electrical appliances to us for repairs.” But the factories may not be enough, according to Dermot, project manager for the Camden branch, who has been repairing things in his whole life. “There need to be huge changes in the way our things are made,” he said. Changes in the industry to make electronics repairable are necessary. This change will make the world a greener and safer place. 28.What does the author say about e-waste? A．It is very easy to reuse. B．It is kept under control. C．It grows faster than expected. D．It does not get much attention. 29.What might be the goal of the fixing factories? A．To hold repair parties for people to have a good time. B．To make people take their broken electronics for repairs. C．To encourage people to reduce the use of electronics. D．To produce electronics that can be used for much longer. 30.How does Restart Project work according to the text? A．It offers help and support to factories. B．It holds fixing parties in various places. C．It cooperates with different organizations. D．It instructs people to use electronics wisely. 31.What is a good way to reduce e-waste according to Dermot? A．Producing enough high-quality electronics. B．Improving people’s ability to repair electronics. C．Designing electronics better to make them repairable. D．Building more factories to produce better electronics. D 话题一：人与社会 1.（23-24高一下·广东省广州市八区期末联考·期末） A study published by the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Science found that musicians who work in the two fields show significantly different brain activity, even when they’re playing the same music. The research could help explain why musicians seem to stand out in one or other style, and not usually in both. The study outlines two steps in playing the piano: what the pianist is going to play — meaning the keys they press — and how they are going to play — which fingers they should use. Classical pianists tend to focus on the second step — the “how”. This means their focus is on technique and the personal expression they add to the piece. Jazz pianists on the other hand focus on the “what”, meaning they are always prepared to improvise (即兴创作) and adapt the notes they’re playing. The study included 30 professional pianists, half of whom were jazz players and half of whom were classical. Both groups were shown a hand playing a sequence of chords (和音) on a screen. The sequence was arranged irregularly with mistakes in harmonies and fingering. The pianists had to reproduce the hand movements and react to the irregularities, while their brain signals were recorded with sensors on their head. The study found that different processes occurred in the brains of the jazz and classical pianists. In particular, the jazz pianists’ brains began re-planning sooner than the classical pianists’ brains. The study found the classical pianists concentrated on the fingering and technique of their playing, while the jazz pianists were more prepared to change the notes they played. “In the jazz pianists we found evidence from the brain signals for this flexibility in planning harmonies when playing the piano,” says researcher Roberta Bianco.  “When we asked them to play a harmonically unexpected chord, their brains started to re-plan he actions faster than classical pianists. Accordingly, they were better able to react and continue their performances.” 32.What’s the purpose of the text? A．To explain “what” and “how” in playing the piano. B．To introduce a study on playing styles of musicians. C．To compare the skill levels of jazz and classical pianists. D．To argue who are smarter between musicians of two fields. 33.What do classical pianists pay more attention to in their performances? A．The fingers they use. B．The patterns they perform. C．The notes they play. D．The atmosphere they create. 34.What does paragraph 4 focus on? A．Major findings of the research. B．Explanation of research methods. C．Supporting evidence for the research results. D．Future application of the research findings. 35.Why are jazz players thought to be more flexible? A．They care more about playing technique. B．They are better at correcting musical mistakes. C．They are more ready for the change while playing. D．They are likely to add personal expression to the music. 2.（23-24高一下·广东省大湾区·期末） Britain is indeed a nation featured by odd traditions. As the late Bank Holiday Monday is around the comer, so too comes a series of slightly eccentric traditions, including the yearly cheese-rolling competition in Gloucestershire. Each year, on the late Bank Holiday Monday, hundreds of people gather at Gloucestershire to attend the yearly Cooper’s Hill Cheese-Rolling event, which is likely the most British thing in existence. The tradition dates back to the 1880s, though some have suggested it could be even older — as much as 600 years. However, the race winners have only been recorded since 1985. Competitors gather at the top of the almost vertical (垂直的) Cooper’s Hill in the village of Brockworth, with a nine-pound wheel of Double Gloucester cheese sent rolling down the hill, often reaching speeds of over 70 miles per hour. Competitors race down the 200-yard height of the hill and the first one to make it to the bottom wins the cheese. What a prize! The competition comes with its risks though. Many competitors fall and roll down the hill as they try to beat the others in this event. In 1997, 33 people needed medical treatment. In 2013, the cheese was replaced with a soft object as a safety protection. Last year, at least one person was carried away on a stretcher (担架), and with no of Ticial organizers, the event takes place without the support of the emergency services or local of Ticials. As such, volunteers from the local football club help catch falling competitors and see to any of the injured athletes. Despite its risks and lack of official support, the tradition is greatly supported by its competitors and the local community. As we are amazed by this unique show of British tradition, we are reminded of the lasting attraction of oddness in British culture. 32.What does the underlined word “eccentric” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Joyful. B．Strange. C．Romantic. D．Dangerous. 33.What is the prize for the Cooper’s Hill Cheese-Rolling competition? A．A wheel. B．Nine pounds. C．A cheese. D．Some records. 34.What can be inferred about the Cooper’s Hill Cheese-Rolling event? A．It lacks any safety protection. B．It has been cancelled this year. C．Its organizers are irresponsible. D．Its competitors are adventurous. 35.What is a suitable title for the text? A．Get to Know an Odd Tradition B．The History of a British Tradition C．Celebrate the Coming Bank Holiday D．A Tradition That Attracts More Players 3.（23-24高一下·广东省惠州市·期末） With the striking of heatwave, you probably have a favourite way to keep cool in hot weather — perhaps having a cold drink, going for a swim, moving to a shady spot, or just staying indoors with air conditioning. However, did you know that paint on a building could also help you to beat the heat? In a recent study conducted in Singapore, researchers painted the roofs and walls of two buildings. The team made use of a special paint containing a material that reflects the sun’s heat. Another pair of buildings were not painted so that the researchers could make a comparison afterwards. The paint works by reducing the amount of heat that buildings absorb, because the heat is reflected away instead. Meanwhile, absorbed heat is released (释放) later, warming up the inner parts of a building and the surrounding area. Over two months, the researchers measured the conditions in the two areas. They found that the special paint had a big impact. At the hottest time of the day — around 4 pm — the street with the buildings coated in the paint was as much as 1.5℃ cooler than the street without the paint. Over a 24-hour period, 30% less heat was released from the buildings in the painted area. Professor Ng Bing Feng, who worked on the study, said the findings show that paint “can be a promising way to make urban (城市的) areas cooler and more comfortable”. The scientists who conducted the study hope it could reduce the need for indoor air conditioning, which uses a lot of energy. Therefore, the potential of reflective paint to cool urban areas is an exciting prospect that could have significant benefits for both the environment and human health. With further research and development, this technology could become a valuable tool in the fight against climate change and urban overheating. 32.Why did the researchers coat the buildings with a special paint? A．To compare the color of roofs and walls. B．To test the reflective features of the paint. C．To protect the buildings from sun damage. D．To measure the sun’s heat released from buildings. 33.How did the researcher conduct the study in Singapore? A．By giving reasons. B．By making contrasts. C．By using illustrations. D．By providing examples. 34.What is Professor Ng Bing Feng’s attitude towards the paint? A．Doubtful. B．Uninterested. C．Supportive. D．Unclear. 35.What does the author suggest for further research and development? A．Studying the negative effects of reflective paint. B．Exploring the cooling potential of reflective paint. C．Reducing the use of reflective paint in urban areas. D．Developing cheaper alternatives to reflective paints. 4.（23-24高一下·广东省清远市·期末） A team of researchers in Florida may have just created the world’s coolest paint ever. Chanda, a researcher in the University of Central Florida, and his team have created a way to imitate copy nature’s ability to reflect light and create beautifully vivid color without absorbing any heat like traditional pigments (色素) do. They focus on exploring structural color (结构色) and how people could use it to live cooler in a rapidly warming world. Structural colors are created not from traditional pigmentation but from the arrangement of colorless materials to reflect light in certain ways, like how rainbows are made after it rains. Think about the most beautiful colors you’ve ever seen-forest green, wine red or crystal blue, some of which, however, are nearly impossible to recreate artificially. That’s because these beautiful colors are not achieved through pigments — they’re all in the structure, like the green of peacocks’ feathers. Think about those cherries that redden your mouth after eating them or when your jeans turned green from sitting in wet grass. These are pigments. To create these colors, synthetic (合成的) materials like heavy metals are used to create vivid paints. Chanda stressed, “A deep blue needs cobalt; a deep red needs cadmium. They are toxic. We are polluting our nature by using this kind of paint. So one of the major motivations for us is to create colors based on non-toxic materials.” Beyond the beautiful colors and safety that structure can provide, Chanda also found that unlike pigments, structural paint does not absorb heat but reflects light back. That’s why people are advised to wear lighter colors in hotter days and why many buildings are painted white. This means this eco-friendly paint could help communities keep cool in an increasingly warming climate. “Nature has followed the path to create harmony among our surroundings,” Chanda said. “We want to be colorful but our color production is not really supported or inspired by nature. I hope this paint could be the future to a healthier, cooler environment.” 32.Which of the following colors doesn’t belong to structural colors? A．The purple of ripe grapes. B．The blue of butterfly wings. C．The orange of bright rainbows. D．The green of peacocks’ feathers. 33.What does the underlined word “toxic” in the third paragraph probably mean? A．Attractive. B．Harmful. C．Neutral. D．Useless. 34.Which of the following best describes the advantages of the newly-created paint? A．Vivid, eco-friendly and cooling. B．Colorless, healthy and artificial. C．Traditional, healthy and cooling. D．Vivid, man-made and eco-friendly. 35.What’s the main idea of the text? A．Many attractive colors couldn’t be recreated artificially. B．Human beings should respect the harmony of our surroundings. C．Traditional approaches of color production remain to be improved. D．The paint of structural color could help people live cooler and healthier. 5.（23-24高一下·广东省茂名市·期末） The world is familiar with artificial intelligence (AI) models such as ChatGPT. These models have raised global excitement and interest in AI. A next step in this journey is to design specific AI models for specific industries. For example, creating models to address development challenges such as climate change. Such specific AI models can be particularly useful for Asia and the Pacific region, which is easily affected by extreme weather events due to climate change. Users can create a model that apprises them of the chances of flooding or drought in a specific area at a given time. In the context of climate change, specific AI models can be used to speed up progress on climate action. They also can help adapt to the changing climate and reflect the overall impact of climate change across the planet. An Al model can be built through a series of steps that include defining its scope and purpose to establish clear objectives, and then preparing the training data and breaking it into smaller units. The advantage offered by specific models is that they have fewer requirements than other tools. They don’t require millions of dollars of initial funding, human resources and government support. It is possible to build a specific model regardless of whether you are going to develop it as an individual or on behalf of an organization. You can build a simple one using a laptop and a small dataset to train the model. AI, like other forms of technology, has weaknesses and risks. Users who develop their own specific model need to be aware that AI models are heavily dependent on data. Poor-quality data will result in poor-quality analyses. 32.Which word can best replace the underlined word “apprises” in paragraph 2? A．Robs. B．Rids. C．Tells. D．Persuades. 33.Why are specific models better than other tools? A．They function better. B．They are smaller. C．They are smarter. D．They require less. 34.What is the author’s attitude towards AI? A．Careful. B．Unclear. C．Doubtful. D．Content. 35.Which of the following could be a suitable title for the text? A．A New AI model — ChatGPT B．Specific AI Models in Future C．The Impact of Artificial Intelligence D．The Advantage and Disadvantage of AI 话题二：人与自然 1.（23-24高一下·广东省揭阳市·期末） The Grand Canal (京杭大运河) is the longest and greatest man-made waterway in ancient China. With 27 sections and 58 historical sites, it was placed on the UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 2014. Running from Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in the south to Beijing in the north and connecting different river systems, the Grand Canal contributed greatly to ensuring that the Chinese primary economy thrived in past dynasties. The Grand Canal we see today was built section by section in different areas and dynasties before it was linked together by the Sui Dynasty (581 — 618). In 604 CE, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty toured Luoyang. The following year, he moved the capital to Luoyang and ordered a large-scale expansion of the canal. Due to the primitive building techniques, it took over six years to complete the project. About half the peasant builders (about 3,000,000) died of hard labor and hunger before it was finished. This project was thought to have been a waste of manpower and money, which resulted in the downfall of the Sui Dynasty. As a major transportation hub (枢纽), the Grand Canal connected the Yangtze, Yellow, Huaihe, Haihe, and Qiantang Rivers and flowed through Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, with Hangzhou as its southernmost end. The Grand Canal, which joined the river systems from different directions, provided a good way to transport foods and goods from south to north. Just as importantly, it greatly improved the administration and defense of China as a whole and strengthened economic and cultural connections between north and south. Boating on the old Canal is one of the best ways to get a panoramic (全景的) view of the landscape of typical river towns in southern China, which include ancient dwellings, stone bridges of traditional designs and historical relics. Experiencing some of the local customs offers much delight to travelers. Tourists also have an opportunity to enjoy good food while appreciating the surrounding scenery. 32.What is mainly talked about in the first paragraph? A．A brief history of the Grand Canal. B．The whole system of the Grand Canal. C．A general introduction to the Grand Canal. D．The impact the Grand Canal had on the economy. 33.What is the credit of Emperor Yang according to the text? A．The establishment of the Sui Dynasty. B．The movement to build the canal. C．The economic prosperity in the Sui Dynasty. D．The connection of the sections of the Grand Canal. 34.What can we infer from the Grand Canal as an important transportation hub? A．It improved building techniques. B．It helped develop the nation steadily as a whole. C．It brought people convenience to travel around. D．It sped up China’s development in agriculture. 35.Why does the writer write the last paragraph? A．To suggest traveling along the old Grand Canal. B．To introduce the good food along the old Grand Canal. C．To show the historical relics tourists will enjoy in southern China. D．To paint a typical landscape of southern China. 【答案】32.C 33.D 34.B 35.A 话题三：人与自我 1.（23-24高一下·广东省广州市番禺区·期末） The advantage of printed texts over digital ones has been seen in many previous studies, and education psychologists even have a name for the phenomenon: the “screen inferiority effect”, which refers to the phenomenon where students, and others, seem to understand more when reading printed texts. However, by and large, previous studies have compared print reading to reading on a computer screen, not the handheld devices modern students use for most of their reading. Ladislao Salmerón, a researcher of educational psychology at the University of Valencia in Spain, and his workmates wanted to see if the screen inferiority effect occurs if you focus on handheld devices. So they searched existing studies and analyzed only data sets comparing print reading to reading on handheld devices. Finally, they looked at dozens of studies, pooling results from more than 100,000 students. As with previous research, they found students who read printed texts constantly performed slightly better. Although small, Salmerón stresses, the effect observed could be of great significance. “In explaining this, we must consider that children in schools read every day, he says. “So this effect could be built up over time.” Some scientists are trying to understand the reasons for the screen inferiority effect. One theory called the shallowing hypothesis (假说) assumes that when reading on digital devices, people are generally doing so for short periods of time and reading short  pieces of text, causing them to be less efficient. Another theory holds that feeling each page and remembering whether it was at the beginning of the book or the end can help connect with your memory. But neither theory has been proven. According to this study, Salmerón says, “First, printed texts shouldn’t be quit. Second, teachers should consider the goals of the tasks when deciding which reading medium to use.” He adds, “Tablets(平板电脑) may be well-suited for internet questioning tasks, but paper should be favoured to promote understanding of long texts.” 32.What drove Salmerón and his workmates to conduct the new study? A．Effects of digital devices on education. B．Challenges brought by reading devices. C．Impacts of the screen inferiority effect. D．One point ignored by previous research. 33.How did Salmerón and his workmates make their discovery? A．By conducting experiments. B．By referring to past research. C．By observing carefully in life. D．By interviewing many students. 34.What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about the positive effect of print reading? A．Its cause remains unclear. B．It tends to last a long time. C．It helps to improve one’s memory. D．Its existence hasn’t been confirmed. 35.What can be inferred from Salmerón’s words in the last paragraph? A．The study provides directions for educators. B．The study advises people to read tablets more. C．The study overstates the demand for printed texts. D．The study focuses on how to understand long texts. 2（23-24高一下·广东省东莞市·期末） We all agree that too much anxiety has nothing good to offer and is certainly not a welcome visitor in our lives. There are endless and heartbreaking stories about how anxiety can ruin a moment, a day, or even a life. However, a growing number of researchers are getting the message out that anxiety is not always our enemy. Kian Patton, an expert on mental health, believes that anxiety and other unpleasant feelings actually have a role to play because we all need a bit of it to be our best selves. Let’s look at some positive sides that anxiety has to offer. A bit of anxiety prevents us from possible dangers. Those of us with some anxiety carefully consider the effects of our behavior on others, which prevents us from becoming a bully and hurting classmates. Anxiety can and does remind us to get things done. We tend to be better prepared for the next test, the next presentation, the next day, and even life in general. “If we pay no attention to our anxiety, we may lose these benefits, and can make things worse,” says Gaia Megan, a professor in Psychological Science. Ignoring unpleasant feelings just strengthens our worries, because we are not solving the problem. According to Gaia, the key to reducing unease is to manage anxiety by “worrying well”. But how? The trick, as she says, is to listen to anxiety, and then direct it to make changes. For example, a young man who worried about everything that could go wrong in his life was kept sleepless at night. After talking to Gaia Megan, he turned “what ifs?” anxiety into a goal-directed to-do list: “If this were to happen, then what could I do? Well, I could ...” By worrying well, we can feel lighter in our mind and have a clearer map of what we should do. “Then,” Gaia advises, “let it go. It is a wave that you need to learn to ride.” 32.What is people’s common opinion about anxiety? A．It satisfies some of our needs. B．It creates problems in our lives. C．It is the most unpleasant feeling. D．It helps us sort out the messages. 33.What can anxiety help people do? A．Avoid possible dangers. B．Make good friends. C．Have a successful life. D．Create new ideas. 34.How can we manage anxiety according to Gaia Megan? A．By changing our sleep patterns. B．By listening to others’ opinions. C．By ignoring unpleasant feelings. D．By directing it in a positive way. 35.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Women Scientists on Mental Health B．Facts and Benefits of Fear and Anxiety C．The Unsolved Mystery: Why do We Worry D．The Upside of Anxiety: How to Worry Well 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 阅读理解说明文（广东专用） C 话题一：人与社会 1.（23-24高一下·广东省东莞市·期末） On 22 April, people across the planet celebrate Earth Day. This is a yearly event that marks the achievements of environmental activists and lays stress on the need to protect the environment for future generations. There are lots of different events taking place all across the world. Earth Day began in 1970 and since then it has grown strikingly. Although it lasts only one day, many events or activities happen over a week or even a month. The Earth Day movement also encourages people to do things all year that will help the planet. The topic of this year’s Earth Day is Planet vs. Plastics, and the aim is to focus on the harm that plastics cause to the environment, because it takes hundreds of years to break down for plastics. The Earth Day movement is demanding a 60% reduction in the amount of plastics that humans use by 2040. This includes ending the production of single-use plastics completely by 2030. The movement also wants governments to help end fast fashion, which refers to cheap clothes that are quickly produced by large companies. Many of these items, which often end up in rubbish sites, contain plastics. Schools and some social groups across the world take an active part in Earth Day events. Students from primary schools, for example, will pick up rubbish in their neighborhoods. Some libraries in parts of the world run events designed to let people get creative and voice their opinions on the environment. The Earth Day website lists activities arranged around the world, and an increasing number of people are registering their own Earth Day events. If you want to be part of it, search for “Earth Day Creative Events”. 28.Why do people celebrate Earth Day each year? A．To promote cultural events. B．To recognize the earth’s beauty. C．To make it known by more people. D．To raise people’s environmental awareness. 29.What do we know about Earth Day? A．It lasts about a week. B．It calls for continuous efforts. C．It becomes an official holiday. D．It encourages personal growth. 30.What does the underlined phrase “fast fashion” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Items that are of high quality. B．Items that are made of plastics. C．Pretty clothes that are fashionable. D．Low-cost clothing produced rapidly. 31.What do the last two paragraphs mainly talk about? A．Libraries are offering creative lectures. B．Schools are praising students’ performances. C．People around the world are protecting Earth. D．People are raising funds for various activities. 【答案】28.D 29.B 30.D 31.C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地球日并号召大家参与今年地球日活动。 28.推理判断题。由文章第一段“On 22 April, people across the planet celebrate Earth Day. This is a yearly event that marks the achievements of environmental activists and lays stress on the need to protect the environment for future generations. There are lots of different events taking place all across the world.(4月22日，全世界的人们都在庆祝地球日。这是一项一年一度的活动，标志着环境活动家的成就，并强调为子孙后代保护环境的必要性。世界各地都在发生许多不同的事件)”可知，人们每年庆祝地球日以提高人们的环保意识。故选D项。 29.细节理解题。由文章第二段“The Earth Day movement also encourages people to do things all year that will help the planet.(地球日运动还鼓励人们全年都做有助于地球的事情)”可知，地球日呼吁我们的持续努力。故选B项。 30.词句猜测题。由该词后为非限制性定语从句“which refers to cheap clothes that are quickly produced by large companies(指的是大公司快速生产的廉价衣服)”可知，fast fashion指的是“快速生产的低成本服装”。故选D项。 31.主旨大意题。由文章倒数第二段“Schools and some social groups across the world take an active part in Earth Day events. Students from primary schools, for example, will pick up rubbish in their neighborhoods. Some libraries in parts of the world run events designed to let people get creative and voice their opinions on the environment.(世界各地的学校和一些社会团体积极参与地球日活动。例如，小学的学生会在他们的社区里捡垃圾。世界各地的一些图书馆举办活动，旨在让人们发挥创造力，表达他们对环境的看法)”和最后一段“The Earth Day website lists activities arranged around the world, and an increasing number of people are registering their own Earth Day events. If you want to be part of it, search for ‘Earth Day Creative Events’.(地球日网站列出了世界各地安排的活动，越来越多的人正在注册自己的地球日活动。如果你想参与其中，可以搜索‘地球日创意活动’)”可知，最后两段主要讲述了世界各地的人们都在积极地保护地球。故选C项。 2.（23-24高一下·广东省佛山市·期末） Can talking to other people online help socially isolated (孤立的) older adults in any way? A new research is seeking evidence to prove the benefits of online social communications. Lead author Hiroko Dodge started the study about ten years ago, recognizing the harmful effects of social isolation. The experiment, known as I-CONNECT, involved 186 participants aged 75 years and older. The experiment used the Internet to allow for conversational communications between the participants and trained interviewers. To make the experience more interesting, the researchers ensured that the participants had different conversation partners each time, and they provided daily topics and pictures. The experiment lasted a year, with 30-minute conversations held four times a week for the first six months and then twice a week for an additional six months. At the end of the first six-month period, the participants showed higher cognitive (认知的) test scores compared to another group who did not take part in such conversations. And, at the end of the second six-month period, the participants had test scores indicating better memory-related brain function and improved emotional well-being. Following the experiment, Dodge and her teammates established the I-CONNECT Foundation, aiming at providing social communications to socially isolated older individuals in the community free of charge. “Our next goal is to extend these activities to reach more isolated people in need, as well as to study how social communications impact our brain functions,” said Dodge. “Providing frequent stimulating (有促进作用的) conversational communications through the Internet could be an effective home-based strategy against social isolation and cognitive problem.” Human contacts are important for our emotional well-being. The team is currently researching into chatbots (聊天机器人) as they are aware that chatbots might work as effectively as humans for cognitive stimulations. 28.How did researchers make the conversational communications more engaging? A．By using trained interviewers. B．By limiting the length of talks. C．By increasing the frequency of talks. D．By arranging unfixed talking partners. 29.What are the findings of the experiment? A．Socially isolated people tend to talk online. B．Online chatting improves cognitive function. C．High cognitive ability ensures positive emotions. D．Wide-ranging topics benefit the elderly’s memory. 30.What is one goal of the I-CONNECT Foundation? A．Increase the sales of chatbots. B．Organize face-to-face activities. C．Struggle against social isolation. D．Study new ways of communication. 31.What is the main purpose of the text? A．To present findings of Dodge’s team. B．To improve the latest technology. C．To introduce a non-profit organization. D．To draw attention to a social problem. 【答案】28.D 29.B 30.C 31.D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了在线社交交流对社交孤立的老年人的积极影响，并介绍了I-CONNECT实验和I-CONNECT Foundation的目标。 28.细节理解题。根据第二段“To make the experience more  interesting, the researchers ensured that the participants had different  conversation partners each time, and they provided daily topics and  pictures.(为了让体验更有趣，研究人员确保参与者每次都有不同的对话对象，并提供日常话题和图片)”可知，研究人员通过安排不固定的谈话伙伴让对话交流更有吸引力，故选D项。 29.细节理解题。根据第三段“At the end of the first six-month period, the participants showed higher cognitive (认知的)  test scores compared to another group who did not take part in such  conversations. And, at the end of the second six-month period, the  participants had test scores indicating better memory-related brain  function and improved emotional well-being.(在头六个月结束时，参与者表现出更高的认知测试分数。在第二个六个月结束时，参与者的测试分数表明与记忆相关的大脑功能更好，情绪健康状况也有所改善)”可知，实验发现网上聊天可以提高认知功能。故选B项。 30.细节理解题。根据第四段“Following the experiment, Dodge and her teammates established the I-CONNECT Foundation, aiming at providing social communications to socially isolated older individuals in the community free of charge(实验结束后，道奇和她的队友成立了I-CONNECT基金会，旨在为社区中社交孤立的老年人免费提供社交交流)”可知，I-CONNECT基金会的一个目标是与社会孤立作斗争。故选C项。 31.推理判断题。根据第一段“Can talking to other people online help socially isolated(孤立的) older adults in any way? A new research is seeking evidence to prove the benefits of online social communication(在线与他人交谈能否以任何方式帮助社交孤立的老年人？一项新研究正在寻求证据来证明在线社交通信的好处)”、第二段“To make the experience more  interesting, the researchers ensured that the participants had different  conversation partners each time, and they provided daily topics and  pictures.(为了让体验更有趣，研究人员确保参与者每次都有不同的对话对象，并提供日常话题和图片)”、第四段“Following the experiment, Dodge and her teammates established the I-CONNECT Foundation, aiming at providing social communications to socially isolated older individuals in the community free of charge(实验结束后，道奇和她的队友成立了I-CONNECT基金会，旨在为社区中社交孤立的老年人免费提供社交交流)”以及最后一段“Human contacts are important for our emotional well-being. The team is currently researching into chatbots (聊天机器人) as they are aware that chatbots might work as effectively as humans for cognitive stimulations.(人类交流对于我们的情感健康非常重要。该团队目前正在研究聊天机器人，因为他们意识到聊天机器人在认知刺激方面可能和人类一样有效)”可知，文章主要介绍了Hiroko Dodge团队关于网络交流对社交孤立的老年人影响的研究，包括研究过程、研究发现、后续计划等。由此推知，本文的目的是引起人们对社交孤立这一社会问题的关注。故选D项。 3.（23-24高一下·广东省惠州市·期末） The 20-minute rule is very simple. Next time you fear to do something, set a timer for 20 minutes, and start working on whatever it is you’ve been putting off. It doesn’t matter if you’re slow at first, the important thing is that you work on your task for just 20 minutes. When the timer goes off, reset it and take a 20-minute break to focus on a different task or do something else you’re more interested in: When that timer goes off, reset it again and go back to work on your original task. After a few turns of this, you’ll find you’ve built up strength and can keep working on the task you so feared. In fact, you may discover that you’ve done the thing completely! The reality is that procrastination (拖延症) actually originates from fear and the expectation of-pain. This is usually a fear of failure or of-not meeting our own standards. Somehow, we manage to link a lot of pain to the action we know we should take. The expectation of pain keeps us from acting, and we fail to even get started. The 20-minute rule is designed to help you begin working through the process of developing new emotions in connection to a task. Because the thing is, the 20-minute rule is not actually meant to get the job done at all. It’s meant to help you get started. The “getting it done” part will just be a happy accident if you use the 20-minute rule enough. What’s important, is to prove, to your brain that you can work on something for 20 minutes without feeling the pain you were so fearfully expecting. By showing yourself that everything will be fine if you just do the thing, you help start to relieve your own fears. Whatever you fear, you don’t have to do it all at once. Just set a timer, and get started. 28.What really matters if one follows “the 20-minute rule”? A．Setting a timer for 20 minutes. B．Taking a break at the proper time. C．Concerning about the progress of the task. D．Dealing with the task for simply 20 minutes. 29.What causes procrastination according to paragraph 4? A．Lack of interest in the task. B．Anxiety about the expected pain. C．Not enough time management skills. D．The need for perfection and effective plan. 30.How does the 20-minute rule help in overcoming procrastination? A．It helps you start working on the task. B．It ensures you meet your own standards. C．It allows you to complete the task quickly. D．It helps you develop a new connection to the task. 31.What can we infer from the passage? A．Good mood will turn you around. B．Success is the reward of hard work. C．It is the first step that is troublesome. D．Cross the bridge when you come to it. 【答案】28.D 29.B 30.A 31.C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了可以克服拖延症的20分钟规则。 28.细节理解题。根据第一段“It doesn’t matter if you’re slow at first, the important thing is that you work on your task for just 20 minutes. (一开始你是否很慢并不重要，重要的是你只需完成你的任务20分钟。)”以及第二段“When the timer goes off, reset it and take a 20-minute break to focus on a different task or do something else you’re more interested in: When that timer goes off, reset it again and go back to work on your original task. (当计时器关闭时，重置它并休息20分钟，专注于另一项不同的任务或做其他你更感兴趣的事情：当计时器关闭后，再次设置它并继续处理你原来的任务。)”可知，遵循20分钟规则，重要的是你只需处理你的任务20分钟。故选D。 29.细节理解题。根据第四段“The reality is that procrastination (拖延症) actually originates from fear and the expectation of-pain. This is usually a fear of failure or of-not meeting our own standards. Somehow, we manage to link a lot of pain to the action we know we should take. The expectation of pain keeps us from acting, and we fail to even get started. (现实情况是，拖延症实际上源于恐惧和对痛苦的期望。这通常是对失败或不符合我们自己标准的恐惧。不知何故，我们设法将很多痛苦与我们知道应该采取的行动联系起来。对痛苦的期待让我们无法行动，我们甚至无法开始。)”可知，对预期疼痛的焦虑会导致拖延症。故选B。 30.细节理解题。根据第五段“Because the thing is, the 20-minute rule is not actually meant to get the job done at all. It’s meant to help you get started. The “getting it done” part will just be a happy accident if you use the 20-minute rule enough. (因为事实是，20分钟规则实际上根本不是为了完成工作。这是为了帮助你开始。如果你足够使用20分钟的规则，那么“完成它”的部分将是一个愉快的意外。)”可知，20分钟规则可以帮助你开始完成任务，从而帮助克服拖延症。故选A。 31.推理判断题。根据第五段“Because the thing is, the 20-minute rule is not actually meant to get the job done at all. It’s meant to help you get started. (因为事实是，20分钟规则实际上根本不是为了完成工作。这是为了帮助你开始。)”以及最后一段“Whatever you fear, you don’t have to do it all at once. Just set a timer, and get started. (无论你害怕什么，你都不必一次做完。只需设置一个计时器，然后开始。)”可知，本文主要介绍了20分钟规则，帮助你开始，从而帮助克服拖延症，由此可推知，第一步是令人烦恼的，即万事开头难。故选C。 4.（23-24高一下·广东省大湾区·期末） Trying to imagine white sheep, jumping one by one over a fence, is a well-known solution for sleeplessness. I don't have the problem often, but I've often wondered just who came up with such a silly suggestion. If the idea is to bore yourself to sleep, why not count backward? And who decided on sheep? Why not rabbits, horses or kangaroos? History supposedly provides the answer: It was said to be a way for ancient shepherds (牧羊人) short of human company for weeks at a time, to fall asleep each night-they counted their sheep until sleepy. Whether that's true or not, I don’t know. So does counting sheep really help you fall asleep? A 2002 study on fighting sleeplessness put the way to the test. In fact, that wasn’t the point of the research. “Our study more than 20 years ago wasn’t about counting sheep; it was just about using imagery (图像) to fight sleeplessness, ” said Harvey, who conducted the research. Harvey’s research divided 50 people into three groups. The first had no instructions on how to fall asleep, while members of the second were told to distract from thoughts, worries and concerns in any way they wanted. The third group was instructed to perform an interesting imagery task, such as creating or remembering a waterfall, a holiday or a summer afternoon in the sun. Those who used imagery reported falling asleep much faster than either of the two other groups, and they rated their thoughts, worries and concerns to be less uncomfortable than people in the distraction or no instruction group. While she didn’t actually study counting sheep as a way of treating sleeplessness, Harvey does have an opinion based on her years as a sleep expert. “Counting sheep usually does not do the trick,” she said. “Instead, we work out a menu of options with people, because everyone is different and not one option is going to help every single time.” Over two decades later, Harvey still emphasizes that using one’s imagination is a top tip. 28.Why did the author mention other animals in paragraph 1? A．To stress the equality of all animals. B．To show his doubt about the solution. C．To prove the effect of counting sheep. D．To confirm his assumption about sleep. 29.What’s the focus of the study in 2002? A．Sleeping habits. B．Testing methods. C．Counting sheep. D．Using imagination. 30.What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A．Imagining scenes may aid in sleep. B．Counting sheep cures sleeplessness. C．Falling asleep faster removes worries. D．Rating thoughts can be uncomfortable. 31.Which of the following would Harvey most probably agree with? A．Offering a nutritious menu for sleepless people. B．Regarding all traditional methods as ineffective. C．Suggesting a customized plan for each individual. D．Supporting the use of imagination as the only way. 【答案】28.B 29.D 30.A 31.C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨的是失眠解决方法，特别是对比数羊和使用想象力的效果，并强调个体化的治疗方案的重要性。 28.推理判断题。根据第一段的“Trying to imagine white sheep, jumping one by one over a fence, is a well-known solution for sleeplessness. I don't have the problem often, but I've often wondered just who came up with such a silly suggestion. If the idea is to bore yourself to sleep, why not count backward? And who decided on sheep? Why not rabbits, horses or kangaroos?(试着想象白羊一只接一只地跳过篱笆，这是一个众所周知的失眠解决方案。我不经常遇到这个问题，但我经常想知道是谁想出了这样一个愚蠢的建议。如果这个想法是为了让你无聊到睡着，为什么不倒着数呢？谁决定数羊的？为什么不是兔子、马或袋鼠呢？)”可知，作者提到兔子、马、袋鼠等其他动物来表达对具体选择羊来计数以诱导睡眠的怀疑和好奇，即他对通过数羊来解决睡眠问题方案表示怀疑。故选B。 29.细节理解题。根据第三段的“A 2002 study on fighting sleeplessness put the way to the test. In fact, that wasn’t the point of the research. “Our study more than 20 years ago wasn’t about counting sheep; it was just about using imagery to fight sleeplessness, ” said Harvey, who conducted the research.(2002年一项关于对抗失眠的研究对此进行了测试。事实上，这并不是这项研究的重点。“我们20多年前的研究不是关于数羊；而是用想象来对抗失眠，”主持这项研究的哈维说。) ”可知，2002年研究的重点是使用想象作为对抗失眠的方法，即使用想象力。故选D。 30.推理判断题。根据第四段的“Harvey’s research divided 50 people into three groups. The first had no instructions on how to fall asleep, while members of the second were told to distract from thoughts, worries and concerns in any way they wanted. The third group was instructed to perform an interesting imagery task, such as creating or remembering a waterfall, a holiday or a summer afternoon in the sun. Those who used imagery reported falling asleep much faster than either of the two other groups, and they rated their thoughts, worries and concerns to be less uncomfortable than people in the distraction or no instruction group.(哈维的研究将50人分成三组。第一组没有关于如何入睡的指导，而第二组的成员被告知可以用任何他们想要的方式来转移他们的想法、担忧和担忧。第三组被要求完成一项有趣的想象任务，比如创造或回想一个瀑布、一个假期或一个夏日阳光下的下午。那些使用想象的人入睡的速度比其他两组快得多，他们认为自己的想法、担忧和担心与注意力转移组或无指导组的人相比没有那么不舒服。)”可知，第四段讨论了这项研究的发现，表明使用想象一些场景比其他方法能帮助更快入睡，即想象可能有助于睡眠。故选A。 31.推理判断题。根据最后一段的“While she didn’t actually study counting sheep as a way of treating sleeplessness, Harvey does have an opinion based on her years as a sleep expert. “Counting sheep usually does not do the trick,” she said. “Instead, we work out a menu of options with people, because everyone is different and not one option is going to help every single time.” Over two decades later, Harvey still emphasizes that using one’s imagination is a top tip.(虽然哈维并没有把数羊作为一种治疗失眠的方法进行研究，但根据她多年来作为睡眠专家的经验，她确实有自己的观点。“数羊通常是行不通的，”她说。“相反，我们和人们一起制定了一个选项菜单，因为每个人都是不同的，没有一个选项每次都能奏效。”20多年后，哈维仍然强调，发挥想象力是最重要的建议。)”可知，哈维强调不同的人应该使用不同的方法才有效，坚持利用自己的想象力作为对抗失眠的首要建议，但不是唯一做法，即哈维主张为每个人提供量身定制的计划。故选C。 5.（23-24高一下·广东省八区期末联考·期末） Imagine living in a cool, green city filled with parks and threaded with footpaths, bike lanes and buses which transport people to shops, schools and service centers in a matter of minutes. This fancy dream is behind the idea of the 15-minute city, where all basic needs and services are within a quarter of an hour’s reach, improving public health and reducing pollution. Artificial intelligence could help city planners realize that vision faster, with a new study from researchers at Tsinghua University in China demonstrating how machine learning can produce more efficient spatial designs than humans can. Automation (自动化) scientist Zheng Yu and his colleagues wanted to find new solutions to our crowded cities. They developed an AI system to deal with the tough tasks of city planning and found it can produce city plans that outperform human designs by about 50 percent on three aspects: access to services, green spaces and traffic levels. Starting small, Zheng’s team tasked their model with designing the city area only a few square kilometers in size(about 3x3 blocks). After two days of training, the AI system searched for the ideal road layouts and land use to fit with the concept of the 15-minute city. While the AI model can increase its use for planning larger city areas, designing an entire city would be much more complex. Drafting a neighborhood consisting of 4x4 blocks contains twice as many planning decisions as designing 3x3 blocks. But automating even a few steps in the planning process can save huge amounts of time: the AI model can compute in seconds certain tasks that take human planners between 50 to 100 minutes to work through. Automating certain tasks of city planning would free up human planners to focus on more challenging or human-centric tasks, such as public engagement and aesthetics. Rather than AI replacing people, Zheng thinks their AI system can work as an “assistant” to city planners, who could produce concept designs that are improved by the system, and reviewed, adjusted by human experts based on community feedback. 28.What does “that vision” refer to in paragraph 2? A．Building up a convenient and green city. B．Improving work efficiency in city design. C．Using AI widely to improve life in the city. D．Creating more needs and services in the city. 29.How did Zheng’s team carry out their study? A．By comparing the perfomances of AI and humans. B．By asking AI to complete a design of an entire city. C．By training human designers for more challenging jobs. D．By holding a design competition between AI and humans. 30.Which is AI incapable of considering in city planning according to the study? A．Traffic level. B．Green spaces. C．Access to services. D．Public engagement. 31.Which of the following statements would the author most probably agree with? A．The use of AI will lead to less friendly cities. B．Humans should deal with minor tasks in city design. C．AI can work with humans to create more livable cities. D．AI will take the place of human experts in the future. 【答案】28.A 29.A 30.D 31.C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章的主旨是讨论如何利用人工智能（AI）在城市规划中实现15分钟城市的概念，即居民的所有基本需求和服务都能在15分钟内得到满足，以提高公共健康和减少污染。 28.词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Imagine living in a cool, green city filled with parks and threaded with footpaths, bike lanes and buses which transport people to shops, schools and service centers in a matter of minutes. This fancy dream is behind the idea of the 15-minute city, where all basic needs and services are within a quarter of an hour’s reach, improving public health and reducing pollution.(想象一下，生活在一个凉爽、绿色的城市里，到处都是公园，人行道、自行车道和公共汽车，这些公共汽车可以在几分钟内把人们送到商店、学校和服务中心。这个奇特的梦想是“15分钟城市”理念的背后，在这里，所有的基本需求和服务都在一刻钟的时间内到达，改善了公众健康，减少了污染。)”以及划线词所在的句子“Artificial intelligence could help city planners realize that vision faster(人工智能可以帮助城市规划者更快地实现这一愿景)”可知，此处的“愿景”指的是前文所提的“这个奇特的梦想是‘15分钟城市’理念”，即建设便捷绿色城市。故选A。 29.推理判断题。根据第二段中“They developed an AI system to deal with the tough tasks of city planning and found it can produce city plans that outperform human designs by about 50 percent on three aspects: access to services, green spaces and traffic levels.(他们开发了一种人工智能系统来处理城市规划的艰巨任务，并发现它可以在服务可及性、绿地和交通水平三个方面比人类设计的城市规划高出约50%。)”可知，在Zheng团队的研究中，他们通过比较人工智能和人类在城市规划方面的性能来进行实验，AI系统在服务可达性、绿地面积和交通水平三个方面优于人类设计约50%。由此该研究是通过比较的方式开展的。故选A。 30.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Automating certain tasks of city planning would free up human planners to focus on more challenging or human-centric tasks, such as public engagement and aesthetics.(自动化城市规划的某些任务将使人类规划师能够专注于更具挑战性或以人为本的任务，如公众参与和美学设计。)”可知，自动化城市规划任务可以让人类规划师专注于更具挑战性或以人为中心的任务，如公众参与和美学，暗示AI目前无法考虑这些因素。故选D。 31.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Rather than AI replacing people, Zheng thinks their AI system can work as an “assistant” to city planners, who could produce concept designs that are improved by the system, and reviewed, adjusted by human experts based on community feedback.(郑认为，他们的人工智能系统可以作为城市规划者的“助手”，而不是人工智能取代人类，他们可以产生由系统改进的概念设计，并由人类专家根据社区反馈进行审查和调整。)”可知，作者认为人工智能可以作为城市规划者的“助手”，帮助完成概念设计，并由人类专家根据社区反馈进行调整即人工智能可以与人类合作，创造更宜居的城市。故选C。 话题一：人与自我 1.（23-24高一下·广东省广州市五校联考·期末） Hiring processes can be thought of as a battle between integrity and dishonesty. You might imagine this is a simple fight between truth-seeking firms and self-promoting applicants, and to a certain extent it is. But companies themselves tend to bend reality out of shape in ways that are self-defeating. Start with the obvious wrongdoers: job applicants. When it comes to writing the resume (简历), they are likely to beautify reality into the most attractive shape possible. Everyone beyond a certain level of experience is a transformational leader personally responsible for generating millions of income; the world economy would be about 15 times bigger than it actually is if all such claims were true. The average British people spend four and a half hours a day watching TV and online videos. But each average job candidate is an enthusiast for public welfare, using their spare time only for worthy purposes, like volunteering in soup kitchens. But the tendency to overturn the truth negatively impacts companies as well as applicants. The typical firm will write a job description that invariably describes the work environment as fast-paced and innovative, and then lays out a set of improbable requirements for the “ideal candidate”, someone who almost by definition does not exist. Sometimes, the requirements include an ability to go back and change the course of history. Too few firms offer an accurate account of what a position actually involves in their job previews, which are supposed to give potential employees a real sense of the negatives and positives of the job, as well as a clear idea of the company’s corporate culture. One effective strategy is to lay out in text or video what a typical day in the role would look like. Such honesty can be its own reward. Research has long suggested that realistic job previews lead to lower turnover and higher employee satisfaction. A paper in 2011 by David Eamest of Towson University and his co-authors concluded that favourable perceptions of the organisation's honesty are the best explanation for why. So a process designed to uncover the truth about job applicants would run a lot more smoothly if firms were also honest about themselves. 28.Why are “leader” and "enthusiast" mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To stress the importance of presenting a personal image. B．To describe the hiring process of a large company. C．To make a comparison between different interviewers. D．To show job applicants' attempt to appear good. 29.What problems do many firms hate? A．They set goals for their employees. B．They fails to provide honest job description. C．Their working environment is stressful. D．They are becoming less friendly to employees. 30.What are job previews expected to be like in paragraph .4? A．They show a position as it is. B．They are made either in text or video. C．They are favorable for bigger firms. D．They mainly contain negatives of a job. 31.What does the text mainly talk about? A．Pains and gains of employees. B．How to get the lying out of hiring. C．How to be more appealing in hiring. D．A war between applicants and companies. 【答案】28.D 29.B 30.A 31.B 【解析】 【导语】本文属于说明文。它通过对招聘过程中存在的问题进行阐述和分析，说明招聘中诚信的重要性及其对企业和求职者双方的影响。 28.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“When it comes to writing the resume, they are likely to beautify reality into the most attractive shape possible.（当涉及到写简历时，他们倾向于将现实美化为尽可能吸引人的样子。）”及随后举出的例子，如每个人都声称自己是“transformational leader”，以及本段中的“the world economy would be about 15 times bigger than it actually is if all such claims were true.(如果所有这些说法都是真的，那么世界经济规模将是实际规模的15倍左右。)”，说明这实际上是在夸大个人的能力和成就，可知这里提“leader”和“enthusiast”是为了展示求职者试图在简历中表现出最好的一面。故选D项。 29.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The typical firm will write a job description that invariably describes the work environment as fast-paced and innovative(典型的公司会写一份工作描述，总是把工作环境描述为快节奏和创新的)”和第四段首句“Too few firms offer an accurate account of what a position actually involves in their job previews, which are supposed to give potential employees a real sense of the negatives and positives of the job, as well as a clear idea of the company’s corporate culture.（很少有公司能在工作预览中准确描述职位的实际内容，这本应让潜在员工真正了解工作的消极和积极因素，并清楚地了解公司的企业文化。）”可知，很多公司通常会描述工作环境为快节奏和创新，并列出一系列理想候选人的不可能的要求，这表明许多公司讨厌的问题就是他们未能提供诚实的工作描述。故选B项。 30.细节理解题。根据第四段“Too few firms offer an accurate account of what a position actually involves in their job previews, which are supposed to give potential employees a real sense of the negatives and positives of the job, as well as a clear idea of the company’s corporate culture. One effective strategy is to lay out in text or video what a typical day in the role would look like.(很少有公司能在工作预览中准确描述职位的实际内容，这本应让潜在员工真正了解工作的消极和积极因素，并清楚地了解公司的企业文化。一种有效的策略是通过文本或视频来展示角色的典型一天。)”可知，本段中表达的意思是，大家都期盼的职位预告是让公司准确描述职位的实际内容，让潜在员工真正了解工作的消极和积极因素，通过文本或视频来展示角色的典型一天。故选A项。 31.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Hiring processes can be thought of as a battle between integrity and dishonesty. You might imagine this is a simple fight between truth-seeking firms and self-promoting candidates, and to a certain extent it is. But companies themselves tend to bend reality out of shape in ways that are self-defeating.(招聘过程可以被看作是诚信与不诚实之间的一场战斗。你可能会认为这是寻求真相的公司和自我推销的候选人之间的一场简单的斗争，在某种程度上确实如此。但企业本身往往会以弄巧成拙的方式扭曲现实)”及第二段描述求职者的误区，第三、四段描述公司的夸大招聘及应该如何去做，第五段表示诚实招聘是有回报的，可知，本文说明了在求职中，公司往往夸大自己的文化，需求，工作内容，环境等内容，但是，在招聘中，最重要的就是诚实，这本身就是一种回报。B选项“如何让招聘不再说谎”与本段主旨相符。故选B。 2.（23-24高一下·广东省中山市·期末） Technology and the Psychology of Second Language Learners and Users is a collection of studies that focuses on second language (L2) teaching and learning. This book, made up of 23 parts, presents research on how technology affects the learning psychology (心理) of L2learners. One of the main contributions of the book is that it is more than just a descriptive account of current research regarding technology and the psychological side of L2 learners. A key view is that technology does not necessarily lead to positive psychological effects. In fact, some learners may feel anxious or uncomfortable using technology for language learning, which can hinder their performance. What’s more, learner psychology still requires closer examination, as learners’ attitudes towards technology-assisted learning do not always match their actual practices. Another important contribution of this book is that it presents the connection and interplay between language learners’ online identity and offline identity. As studies in the book have shown, positive online identities may support language learning and can potentially apply to offline situations. Also, individuals have different identities in the off line environment, which may influence how they experience online. A third contribution of the book is that it provides various cases in detail to tell readers how to conduct research. Technology has created different online learning contexts for researchers to investigate, such as blogs and online social networks, to name a few. Thus, researchers are offered a lot of choices and have various studies to refer to when they do future research. As illustrated above, this book provides both theoretical and practical value. It familiarizes researchers with the interplay of technology, psychology, and L2 learning, while also reminding teachers of the importance of integrating (结合) technology thoughtfully, considering individual learner differences. Adding instructions and steps on how to apply research findings to real teaching and learning contexts at the end of each part could further strengthen the book’s usefulness for language instructors. 28.What does the underlined word “hinder” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Predict. B．Prevent. C．Analyze. D．Improve. 29.What can we learn about the book? A．It indicates the benefits of positive online identities. B．It illustrates the technology for positive psychology. C．It develops offline learning contexts for researchers. D．It provides detailed instructions for language teachers. 30.What's the author's attitude towards the book? A．Neutral. B．Negative. C．Unclear. D．Positive. 31.What is the text? A．A book review. B．A news report. C．A research paper. D．A learning guide. 【答案】28.B 29.A 30.D 31.A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇书评。评述了一本关于科技对二语学习者心理影响的研究集，肯定其理论与实践价值，指出科技不总带来正面心理效应。 28.词句猜测题。根据第二段中的句子“In fact, some learners may feel anxious or uncomfortable using technology for language learning, which can hinder their performance.（事实上，一些学习者在使用技术进行语言学习时可能会感到焦虑或不舒服，这可能hinder他们的表现。）”可知，既然学习者会感到焦虑或不舒服，那么这自然就会阻碍他们的表现。“hinder”在这里指的是阻止或者妨碍，与选项B的“Prevent”意思相近。故选B项。 29.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As studies in the book have shown, positive online identities may support language learning and can potentially apply to offline situations.(正如本书中的研究所表明的那样，积极的在线身份可能有助于语言学习，并可能适用于离线情况。)”可知，这表明书中涉及了在线身份的积极影响。因此，我们选择A项（它指出了积极在线身份的好处。）。故选A项。 30.推理判断题。通过整体阅读文章，第二段，第三段和第四段作者都用“contributions of the book(这本书的贡献）”来开头，尤其是结尾处的句子“As illustrated above, this book provides both theoretical and practical value.（如上所述，这本书提供了理论和实践价值。）”，可以推断出作者对这本书的态度是积极的，肯定的。故选D项。 31.推理判断题。从第一段中的“This book, made up of 23parts, presents research on how technology affects the learning psychology (心理) of L2learners.(这本书由23个部分组成，介绍了技术如何影响L2学习者的学习心理的研究。)”可知，整篇文章是对一本书的内容和贡献进行了介绍和评价，符合书评的特征。因此，文章最可能是一篇书评。故选A项。 话题一：人与自然 1.（23-24高一下·广东省潮州市·期末） European rabbits might not be much to look at. They have a grayish-brown coat, small ears, and short legs. But these animals are not as ordinary as they seem. European rabbits live in grass habitats. They are somewhat picky eaters. They dig and disturb the ground while they look for food. “Their activities can create areas of bare soil which plants require,” rabbit expert Diana Bell says. Rabbits also contribute nutrients to the soil after they leave their waste there. Researchers have found that this activity benefits lowland grassland habitats, which can help maintain beneficial conditions for many plants, insects, and bird species. Without the help of rabbits, many of these species would have to leave the area or might even die out. But due to threats such as disease, habitat loss, and hunting, the animals are classified as endangered in their native region, the Iberian Peninsula. One disease called myxomatosis (兔瘟) is an insect-spread virus from South America that was on purpose introduced by a farmer in the mid-1950s to control the rabbit population. About 90% of European rabbits died during early outbreaks and the disease continues to affect rabbit populations on the Iberian Peninsula. To help rabbit populations recover, Bell has suggestions in the habitat recovery project. She is encouraging people to do their part to help protect the rabbits. For instance, people can just create piles of branches and make sloping mounds (斜堆) of soil in their spare time and then the rabbits can find cover. Actions like these won’t take people much energy or time, and over the past three years, researchers have found they are working. “Our work resulted in evidence of rabbit activity in significantly higher numbers,” Bell says. Environmentalists have used other methods to help protect decreasing rabbit populations such as creating wildlife corridors, which are unbroken animal habitats that function like animal high-ways. “Efforts to reintroduce them on the Iberian Peninsula have been largely unsuccessful but we’ve managed to do this in the U. K.” Bell says. 28.What do we know about European rabbits? A．Their appearance makes them unappreciated. B．They play a role in the grassland ecosystem. C．Their digging does harm to the local environment. D．They prefer to cooperate with other species to avoid danger. 29.What can be concluded from the example mentioned in paragraph 3? A．Inappropriate human activity may bring crisis to animals. B．It is unwise to use viruses to control rabbit populations. C．Wild animals adapt themselves slowly to foreign environments. D．People should create more bare soil for European rabbits. 30.Which of the following can best describe Bell’s suggestions on protecting rabbits? A．Useful but expensive. B．Traditional and acceptable. C．Creative but unpopular. D．Simple and effective. 31.What does the author intend to tell us in the text? A．Ways to create a balanced ecosystem. B．Efforts to recover the population of European rabbits. C．Measures to control the spread of European rabbits. D．Reasons why European rabbits like digging. 【答案】28.B 29.A 30.D 31.B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍欧洲兔对草原生态系统所发挥的作用、其数量下降的原因以及恢复其数量的措施。 28.细节理解题。根据文章第二段的第二句“Researchers have found that this activity benefits lowland grassland habitats, which can help maintain beneficial conditions for many plants, insects, and bird species.”(研究人员发现，这种活动有益于低地草原栖息地，有助于维持许多植物、昆虫和鸟类的有利条件)可知，欧洲兔的活动对草原中的植物、昆虫和鸟类等其他生物有利，所以欧洲兔对草原生态系统发挥着一定的作用。故选B。 29.推理判断题。根据文章第三段的第二、三句“One disease called myxomatosis (兔瘟) is an insect-spread virus from South America that was on purpose introduced by a farmer in the mid-1950s to control the rabbit population. About 90% of European rabbits died during early outbreaks and the disease continues to affect rabbit populations on the Iberian Peninsula. (一种名为粘液瘤病的疾病是一种来自南美洲的昆虫传播病毒，由一位农民在20世纪50年代中期故意引入，以控制兔子的数量。大约90%的欧洲兔子在早期疫情中死亡，这种疾病继续影响伊比利亚半岛的兔子种群)”可知，这个农民企图通过病毒控制兔子数量的这种行为是不恰当的，导致兔子濒临灭绝。由这个例子可得出，人类不当的活动可能会给动物带来危机。故选A。 30.推理判断题。根据文章第四段的倒数第二句“Actions like these won’t take people much energy or time, and over the past three years, researchers have found they are working. (这样的行动不会花费人们太多的精力或时间，在过去的三年里，研究人员发现它们正在发挥作用)”可知，贝尔的建议做法不会耗费过多的精力和时间，所以这些做法是简单的，即simple；过去三年里，这些做法正在发挥作用，说明是有效的，即effective。因此，贝尔关于保护兔子的建议是简单有效的。故选D。 31.推理判断题。从全文来看，文章一开始介绍欧洲兔对生态环境所起到的作用，接着提出欧洲兔由于人类不当的活动而濒临灭绝，从而引出贝尔以及环境学家所提出的恢复兔子数量的措施。所以，本文作者主要想告诉我们人们恢复欧洲兔数量所付出的努力。故选B。 2.（23-24高一下·广东省肇庆市·期末） It’s easy not to think much about the intelligence of insects. Small creatures with even smaller brains — how smart can they be? But as researchers begin to rethink how animals think, even insects are being seen in a new light. Now a new study from the University or Bristol finds that Heliconius butterflies (蝴蝶) have the ability to learn about space. To test the butterflies’ spatial learning abilities, the researchers set up experiments across three different spatial levels, each reflecting behaviors significant to their natural environment. First, they checked if the butterflies could find food among 16 flowers in a small area. Next, they enlarged the space, seeing if the butterflies could choose the correct side of a larger maze (迷宫) for food. Finally, they used a big outdoor cage to see if the butterflies could find their way through a wide T-maze for food. The butterflies succeeded in all tests. The study’s senior author, Dr. Stephen Montgomery, notes that these findings show the difficult behaviors that even familiar animals like butterflies exhibit as part of their natural ecology (生态). These species are processing diverse information from their environment and utilizing it to perform difficult tasks — all with brains just a few millimeters wide. The researchers plan to further investigate Heliconius butterflies’ spatial learning abilities by comparing them to closely related species that do not feed on pollen (花粉). This will help show how an animal's environment can affect the development of its thinking skills. Co-lead author Dr. Priscila Moura stresses the significance of these findings, saying that they provide actual evidence of the butterflies’ fascinating spatial learning abilities, a subject that has been discussed for nearly a century. With the new understanding, the researchers can continue to explore insect intelligence and behavior. 28.What did the University of Bristol’s study find about Hehicomius butterflies? A．They are capable of spatial learning. B．They require assistance in finding food. C．They can fly long distances without rest. D．They have a social circle like other insects. 29.What does paragraph 2 mainly focus on? A．The research benefits. B．The research process. C．The research papers. D．The research team. 30.What does the underlined word “utilizing” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Checking. B．Seeking. C．Judging. D．Using. 31.What is Dr. Priscila Moura’s attitude toward the findings? A．Doubtful. B．Puzzled. C．Supportive. D．Unclear. 【答案】28.A 29.B 30.D 31.C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一项关于蝴蝶空间学习能力的研究。 28.细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Now a new study from the University or Bristol finds that Heliconius butterflies (蝴蝶) have the ability to learn about space.(现在，布里斯托尔大学的一项新研究发现，Heliconius蝴蝶具有学习空间的能力。)”可知，研究发现蝴蝶具有空间学习能力。故选A项。 29.主旨大意题。由文章第二段中“First, they checked if the butterflies could find food among16 flowers in a small area. Next, they enlarged the space, seeing if the butterflies could choose the correct side of a larger maze (迷宫) for food. Finally, they used a big outdoor cage to see if the butterflies could find their way through a wide T-maze for food. The butterflies succeeded in all tests.(首先，他们检查蝴蝶是否能在小区域内的16朵花中找到食物。接下来，他们扩大了空间，看看蝴蝶是否能在更大的迷宫中选择正确的一侧作为食物。最后，他们用一个大的户外笼子，看看蝴蝶是否能穿过一个宽阔的T形迷宫寻找食物。蝴蝶在所有测试中都成功了。)”以及本段上文可知，文章第二段主要介绍了研究人员如何设置实验来测试蝴蝶的空间学习能力，故本段主要聚焦研究过程。故选B项。 30.词句猜测题。根据文章第三段中“These species are processing diverse information from their environment and utilizing it to perform difficult tasks—all with brains just a few millimeters wide.(这些物种正在处理来自环境的各种信息，并 这些信息执行艰巨的任务——所有这些任务只用只有几毫米宽大脑完成。)”可知，这些物种处理来自环境的多样化信息，接下来应该是“利用”多样化信息来执行困难的任务。所以猜测utilizing表“利用”的意思。故选D项。 31.推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Co-lead author Dr. Priscila Moura stresses the significance of these findings, saying that they provide actual evidence of the butterflies’ fascinating spatial learning abilities, a subject that has been discussed for nearly a century. With the new understanding, the researchers can continue to explore insect intelligence and behavior.(共同主要作者Priscila Moura博士强调了这些发现的重要性，称它们为蝴蝶迷人的空间学习能力提供了实际证据，这一主题已经讨论了近一个世纪。有了新的认识，研究人员可以继续探索昆虫的智力和行为。)”可知，Dr.PriscilaMoura强调了这些发现的重要性，这表明Dr.PriscilaMoura对这些发现持支持态度。故选C项。 3.（23-24高一下·广东省揭阳市·期末） Every year millions of electronics and electrical appliances (家用电器) are thrown away. This e-waste includes cellphones, computers, appliances and medical equipment. If not properly dealt with, e-waste can release (释放) up to 100 different chemicals into the environment. However, less than one quarter of the waste is reused. Most people will consider buying new electronics and electrical appliances if the old ones are out of order. About 80 percent of broken electronics are repairable. If anything isn’t done to encourage repairs, e-waste will grow to about 74 million tons by 2030. Now a new concept is hoping to change the facts on the ground by creating “fixing factories”. Two of the factories opened in Camden and Brent in the spring of 2023. The factories were inspired by the nonprofit Restart Project, which began holding repair parties about ten years ago. People were invited to have their electronics repaired over a cup of beer. “Camden is where we ran our first party almost 10 years ago, and we’ve enjoyed bringing our events to pubs, community centers, festivals, universities and other places,” said Fiona Dear, the charity’s co-director. “We hope the local fixing factory will provide an opportunity for people to take their out-of -order electronics or electrical appliances to us for repairs.” But the factories may not be enough, according to Dermot, project manager for the Camden branch, who has been repairing things in his whole life. “There need to be huge changes in the way our things are made,” he said. Changes in the industry to make electronics repairable are necessary. This change will make the world a greener and safer place. 28.What does the author say about e-waste? A．It is very easy to reuse. B．It is kept under control. C．It grows faster than expected. D．It does not get much attention. 29.What might be the goal of the fixing factories? A．To hold repair parties for people to have a good time. B．To make people take their broken electronics for repairs. C．To encourage people to reduce the use of electronics. D．To produce electronics that can be used for much longer. 30.How does Restart Project work according to the text? A．It offers help and support to factories. B．It holds fixing parties in various places. C．It cooperates with different organizations. D．It instructs people to use electronics wisely. 31.What is a good way to reduce e-waste according to Dermot? A．Producing enough high-quality electronics. B．Improving people’s ability to repair electronics. C．Designing electronics better to make them repairable. D．Building more factories to produce better electronics. 【答案】28.D 29.B 30.B 31.C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电子垃圾日益增多，回收率低，如果不采取任何措施鼓励维修，到2030年，电子垃圾将增长到约7400万吨，两家工厂受到了非营利组织“重启项目”的启发，邀请人们边喝啤酒边修理电子设备，减少电子垃圾，使世界变得更加绿色和安全。 28.推理判断题。由第一段中“However, less than one quarter of the waste is reused. Most people will consider buying new electronics and electrical appliances if the old ones are out of order. (然而，只有不到四分之一的废物被再利用。如果旧的电子产品和电器坏了，大多数人会考虑购买新的)”可知，旧的电子产品和电器坏了，多数人会买新的，只有不到四分之一的电子垃圾被再利用，可得出作者认为电子垃圾没有得到太多的关注。故选D项。 29.细节理解题。由第二段中“Now a new concept is hoping to change the facts on the ground by creating “fixing factories”. (现在，一个新概念希望通过创建“修理厂”来改变现实)”，第二段中“The factories were inspired by the nonprofit Restart Project, which began holding repair parties about ten years ago. People were invited to have their electronics repaired over a cup of beer. (这些工厂受到了非营利组织“重启项目”的启发，该项目大约十年前开始举办维修派对。人们被邀请边喝啤酒边修理电子设备)”和第三段中“We hope the local fixing factory will provide an opportunity for people to take their out-of -order electronics or electrical appliances to us for repairs. (我们希望当地的修理厂能为人们提供一个机会，让他们把故障的电子产品或电器带到我们这里进行维修)”可知，修理厂的目标是让人们把损坏的电子产品拿去修理。故选B项。 30.细节理解题。由第二段中“The factories were inspired by the nonprofit Restart Project, which began holding repair parties about ten years ago. People were invited to have their electronics repaired over a cup of beer. (这些工厂受到了非营利组织“重启项目”的启发，该项目大约十年前开始举办维修派对。人们被邀请边喝啤酒边修理电子设备)”和第三段中“Camden is where we ran our first party almost 10 years ago, and we’ve enjoyed bringing our events to pubs, community centers, festivals, universities and other places (卡姆登是我们近10年前举办第一次聚会的地方，我们很喜欢把我们的活动带到酒吧、社区中心、节日、大学和其他地方)”可知，重启项目在不同的地方举行固定聚会，邀请人们边喝啤酒边修理电子设备。故选B项。 31.推理判断题。由第四段中““There need to be huge changes in the way our things are made,” he said. Changes in the industry to make electronics repairable are necessary. This change will make the world a greener and safer place. (他说：“我们的生产方式需要做出巨大的改变。”改变行业以使电子产品可修复是必要的。这一变化将使世界变得更加绿色和安全)”可知，根据Dermot的说法，想要世界变得更加绿色和安全，减少电子垃圾的好方法是更好地设计电子设备，使其易于维修。故选C项。 D 话题一：人与社会 1.（23-24高一下·广东省广州市八区期末联考·期末） A study published by the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Science found that musicians who work in the two fields show significantly different brain activity, even when they’re playing the same music. The research could help explain why musicians seem to stand out in one or other style, and not usually in both. The study outlines two steps in playing the piano: what the pianist is going to play — meaning the keys they press — and how they are going to play — which fingers they should use. Classical pianists tend to focus on the second step — the “how”. This means their focus is on technique and the personal expression they add to the piece. Jazz pianists on the other hand focus on the “what”, meaning they are always prepared to improvise (即兴创作) and adapt the notes they’re playing. The study included 30 professional pianists, half of whom were jazz players and half of whom were classical. Both groups were shown a hand playing a sequence of chords (和音) on a screen. The sequence was arranged irregularly with mistakes in harmonies and fingering. The pianists had to reproduce the hand movements and react to the irregularities, while their brain signals were recorded with sensors on their head. The study found that different processes occurred in the brains of the jazz and classical pianists. In particular, the jazz pianists’ brains began re-planning sooner than the classical pianists’ brains. The study found the classical pianists concentrated on the fingering and technique of their playing, while the jazz pianists were more prepared to change the notes they played. “In the jazz pianists we found evidence from the brain signals for this flexibility in planning harmonies when playing the piano,” says researcher Roberta Bianco.  “When we asked them to play a harmonically unexpected chord, their brains started to re-plan he actions faster than classical pianists. Accordingly, they were better able to react and continue their performances.” 32.What’s the purpose of the text? A．To explain “what” and “how” in playing the piano. B．To introduce a study on playing styles of musicians. C．To compare the skill levels of jazz and classical pianists. D．To argue who are smarter between musicians of two fields. 33.What do classical pianists pay more attention to in their performances? A．The fingers they use. B．The patterns they perform. C．The notes they play. D．The atmosphere they create. 34.What does paragraph 4 focus on? A．Major findings of the research. B．Explanation of research methods. C．Supporting evidence for the research results. D．Future application of the research findings. 35.Why are jazz players thought to be more flexible? A．They care more about playing technique. B．They are better at correcting musical mistakes. C．They are more ready for the change while playing. D．They are likely to add personal expression to the music. 【答案】32.B 33.A 34.B 35.C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要阐述一项研究发现，即使演奏同一首音乐，从事两种领域的音乐家的大脑活动也有显著的不同，介绍了不同音乐风格对音乐家大脑活动的影响，特别是古典与爵士音乐风格之间的对比，以及这两种风格下音乐家大脑处理音乐的差异。 32.推理判断题。根据第一段中“A study published by the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Science found that musicians who work in the two fields show significantly different brain activity, even when they’re playing the same music.(马克斯普朗克人类认知和脑科学研究所发表的一项研究发现，在这两个领域工作的音乐家表现出明显不同的大脑活动，即使他们在演奏同样的音乐。)”以及第二段中“The research could help explain why musicians seem to stand out in one or other style, and not usually in both.( 这项研究可以帮助解释为什么音乐家似乎在一种或另一种风格中脱颖而出，而不是两者兼而有之。)”可知，文章主要介绍了马克斯普朗克人类认知和脑科学研究所发表的一项研究，该研究发现演奏不同风格音乐的音乐家在大脑活动上存在显著差异，这有助于解释为什么音乐家通常只擅长一种风格而不是两种。因此，文章的主要目的是介绍一项关于音乐家演奏风格的研究。故选B。 33.细节理解题。根据第三段中“The study outlines two steps in playing the piano: what the pianist is going to play — meaning the keys they press — and how they are going to play — which fingers they should use. Classical pianists tend to focus on the second step — the “how”. This means their focus is on technique and the personal expression they add to the piece. (这项研究概述了弹钢琴的两个步骤：钢琴家要弹什么——指的是他们按的键——以及他们要怎么弹——他们应该用哪根手指。古典钢琴家倾向于关注第二步——“如何”。这意味着他们的重点是技术和他们添加到作品中的个人表达。)”可知，古典钢琴家更关注“如何演奏”，也就是指法和技术，因此他们在表演中更注重使用的手指。故选A。 34.主旨大意题。根据第四段中“The study included 30 professional pianists, half of whom were jazz players and half of whom were classical. Both groups were shown a hand playing a sequence of chords(和音) on a screen. The sequence was arranged irregularly with mistakes in harmonies and fingering. The pianists had to reproduce the hand movements and react to the irregularities, while their brain signals were recorded with sensors on their head.( 这项研究包括30名专业钢琴家，其中一半是爵士演奏者，一半是古典演奏者。两组人都在屏幕上看到一只手在弹奏一系列和弦。该序列排列不规则，在和声和指法上都有错误。钢琴家们必须重现手的动作，并对不规则的动作做出反应，同时他们的大脑信号被头上的传感器记录下来。)”可知，本段描述了研究的具体过程，包括参与者的选择、实验设置、实验过程以及数据的收集方式等，这些都是对研究方法的解释。因此，本段主要聚焦于研究方法的解释。故选B。 35.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“ “In the jazz pianists we found evidence from the brain signals for this flexibility in planning harmonies when playing the piano,” says researcher Roberta Bianco. “When we asked them to play a harmonically unexpected chord, their brains started to re-plan he actions faster than classical pianists. Accordingly, they were better able to react and continue their performances.”(‘我们从爵士乐钢琴家的大脑信号中发现了弹钢琴时规划和声的灵活性的证据。’研究人员Roberta Bianco说：‘当我们要求他们演奏一个意想不到的和弦时，他们的大脑开始比古典钢琴家更快地重新规划行动。因此，他们能够更好地反应并继续他们的表演。’)”可知，研究者从爵士乐钢琴家的脑电波中发现了他们演奏和弦时计划的灵活性，并且当要求他们演奏一个和声上意外的和弦时，他们的大脑开始更快地重新规划动作，因此他们能够更好地反应并继续他们的表演。由此可知，爵士乐钢琴家被认为更灵活是因为他们在演奏中更准备好改变。故选C。 2.（23-24高一下·广东省大湾区·期末） Britain is indeed a nation featured by odd traditions. As the late Bank Holiday Monday is around the comer, so too comes a series of slightly eccentric traditions, including the yearly cheese-rolling competition in Gloucestershire. Each year, on the late Bank Holiday Monday, hundreds of people gather at Gloucestershire to attend the yearly Cooper’s Hill Cheese-Rolling event, which is likely the most British thing in existence. The tradition dates back to the 1880s, though some have suggested it could be even older — as much as 600 years. However, the race winners have only been recorded since 1985. Competitors gather at the top of the almost vertical (垂直的) Cooper’s Hill in the village of Brockworth, with a nine-pound wheel of Double Gloucester cheese sent rolling down the hill, often reaching speeds of over 70 miles per hour. Competitors race down the 200-yard height of the hill and the first one to make it to the bottom wins the cheese. What a prize! The competition comes with its risks though. Many competitors fall and roll down the hill as they try to beat the others in this event. In 1997, 33 people needed medical treatment. In 2013, the cheese was replaced with a soft object as a safety protection. Last year, at least one person was carried away on a stretcher (担架), and with no of Ticial organizers, the event takes place without the support of the emergency services or local of Ticials. As such, volunteers from the local football club help catch falling competitors and see to any of the injured athletes. Despite its risks and lack of official support, the tradition is greatly supported by its competitors and the local community. As we are amazed by this unique show of British tradition, we are reminded of the lasting attraction of oddness in British culture. 32.What does the underlined word “eccentric” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Joyful. B．Strange. C．Romantic. D．Dangerous. 33.What is the prize for the Cooper’s Hill Cheese-Rolling competition? A．A wheel. B．Nine pounds. C．A cheese. D．Some records. 34.What can be inferred about the Cooper’s Hill Cheese-Rolling event? A．It lacks any safety protection. B．It has been cancelled this year. C．Its organizers are irresponsible. D．Its competitors are adventurous. 35.What is a suitable title for the text? A．Get to Know an Odd Tradition B．The History of a British Tradition C．Celebrate the Coming Bank Holiday D．A Tradition That Attracts More Players 【答案】32.B 33.C 34.D 35.A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国的一项奇特传统——库珀山滚奶酪比赛。 32.词义猜测题。根据第一段“Britain is indeed a nation featured by odd traditions. As the late Bank Holiday Monday is around the corner, so too comes a series of slightly … traditions, including the yearly cheese-rolling competition in Gloucestershire(英国确实是一个以奇特传统为特色的国家。随着银行假日周一即将到来，一系列略显……传统也随之而来，包括格洛斯特郡一年一度的滚奶酪比赛)”可知，英国有许多奇特的传统，包括滚奶酪比赛，由此可推测，“eccentric”意为“古怪的”，故选B。 33.细节理解题。根据第三段“Competitors race down the 200-yard height of the hill and the first one to make it to the bottom wins the cheese.(参赛者沿着200码高的山坡向下跑，第一个到达山底的人赢得奶酪)”可知，滚奶酪比赛的奖品是一块奶酪，故选C。 34.推理判断题。根据第四段“The competition comes with its risks though. Many competitors fall and roll down the hill as they try to beat the others in this event. In 1993, 33 people needed medical treatment. In 2013, the cheese was replaced with a soft object as a safety protection. Last year, at least one person was carried away on a stretcher, and with no official organizers, the event takes place without the support of the emergency services or local officials. As such, volunteers from the local football club help catch falling competitors and see to any of the injured athletes.(然而，比赛也伴随着风险。许多参赛者为了在比赛中击败其他人，摔倒并滚下山坡。1993年，33人需要接受治疗。2013年，为了安全起见，奶酪被换成了软物体。去年，至少有一个人被担架抬走，由于没有官方组织者，比赛在没有急救服务或当地官员支持的情况下进行。因此，来自当地足球俱乐部的志愿者帮助接住摔倒的参赛者，并照顾受伤的运动员)”可知，滚奶酪比赛具有一定的危险性，参赛者需要冒险参加，故选D。 35.主旨大意题。根据第一段“including the yearly cheese-rolling competition in Gloucestershire(包括格洛斯特郡的年度奶酪滚动比赛在内)”、第二段“Each year, on the late Bank Holiday Monday, hundreds of people gather at Gloucestershire to attend the yearly Cooper’s Hill Cheese-Rolling event, which is likely the most British thing in existence(每年，在银行假期的周一，数百人聚集在格洛斯特郡参加一年一度的库珀山奶酪滚落活动，这可能是现存最具英国特色的事情)”、第三段“Competitors race down the 200-yard height of the hill and the first one to make it to the bottom wins the cheese.(参赛者沿着200码高的山坡向下跑，第一个到达山底的人赢得奶酪)”以及最后一段“Despite its risks and lack of official support, the tradition is greatly supported by its competitors and the local community. As we are amazed by this unique show of British tradition, we are reminded of the lasting attraction of oddness in British culture(尽管这项传统活动存在风险并且缺乏官方支持，但它得到了参赛者和当地社区的大力支持。当我们对这一独特的英国传统表演感到惊叹时，我们被提醒了英国文化中古怪事物持久的吸引力)”可知，文章主要介绍了英国的一个奇特传统——每年在格洛斯特郡举行的库珀山奶酪滚动比赛，以及这个传统所展现出的英国文化中古怪的持久魅力。故选A。 3.（23-24高一下·广东省惠州市·期末） With the striking of heatwave, you probably have a favourite way to keep cool in hot weather — perhaps having a cold drink, going for a swim, moving to a shady spot, or just staying indoors with air conditioning. However, did you know that paint on a building could also help you to beat the heat? In a recent study conducted in Singapore, researchers painted the roofs and walls of two buildings. The team made use of a special paint containing a material that reflects the sun’s heat. Another pair of buildings were not painted so that the researchers could make a comparison afterwards. The paint works by reducing the amount of heat that buildings absorb, because the heat is reflected away instead. Meanwhile, absorbed heat is released (释放) later, warming up the inner parts of a building and the surrounding area. Over two months, the researchers measured the conditions in the two areas. They found that the special paint had a big impact. At the hottest time of the day — around 4 pm — the street with the buildings coated in the paint was as much as 1.5℃ cooler than the street without the paint. Over a 24-hour period, 30% less heat was released from the buildings in the painted area. Professor Ng Bing Feng, who worked on the study, said the findings show that paint “can be a promising way to make urban (城市的) areas cooler and more comfortable”. The scientists who conducted the study hope it could reduce the need for indoor air conditioning, which uses a lot of energy. Therefore, the potential of reflective paint to cool urban areas is an exciting prospect that could have significant benefits for both the environment and human health. With further research and development, this technology could become a valuable tool in the fight against climate change and urban overheating. 32.Why did the researchers coat the buildings with a special paint? A．To compare the color of roofs and walls. B．To test the reflective features of the paint. C．To protect the buildings from sun damage. D．To measure the sun’s heat released from buildings. 33.How did the researcher conduct the study in Singapore? A．By giving reasons. B．By making contrasts. C．By using illustrations. D．By providing examples. 34.What is Professor Ng Bing Feng’s attitude towards the paint? A．Doubtful. B．Uninterested. C．Supportive. D．Unclear. 35.What does the author suggest for further research and development? A．Studying the negative effects of reflective paint. B．Exploring the cooling potential of reflective paint. C．Reducing the use of reflective paint in urban areas. D．Developing cheaper alternatives to reflective paints. 【答案】32.B 33.B 34.C 35.B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种特殊的建筑涂料可以用来给建筑物降温，并且科学家进行了实验来证明这一点。 32.细节理解题。根据第三段“The paint works by reducing the amount of heat that buildings absorb, because the heat is reflected away instead.(这种涂料的作用是减少建筑物吸收的热量，因为热量被反射掉了)”可知，研究人员给这些建筑涂上一种特殊的油漆是为了测试油漆的反射特性。故选B。 33.细节理解题。根据第二段“In a recent study conducted in Singapore, researchers painted the roofs and walls of two buildings. The team made use of a special paint containing a material that reflects the sun’s heat. Another pair of buildings were not painted so that the researchers could make a comparison afterwards.(最近在新加坡进行的一项研究中，研究人员给两座建筑物的屋顶和墙壁上了漆。该团队使用了一种特殊的涂料，其中含有一种可以反射太阳热量的材料。另外一对建筑物没有被粉刷，以便研究人员之后进行比较)”可知，研究者通过对比在新加坡进行这项研究。故选B。 34.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Professor Ng Bing Feng, who worked on the study, said the findings show that paint “can be a promising way to make urban (城市的) areas cooler and more comfortable”.(参与这项研究的吴炳峰教授表示，研究结果表明，涂料“可以成为一种很有希望的方法，让城市地区变得更凉爽、更舒适”)”可知，吴炳峰教授对油漆的态度是支持。故选C。 35.细节理解题。根据最后一段“Therefore, the potential of reflective paint to cool urban areas is an exciting prospect that could have significant benefits for both the environment and human health. With further research and development, this technology could become a valuable tool in the fight against climate change and urban overheating.(因此，反射涂料在城市地区降温的潜力是一个令人兴奋的前景，它对环境和人类健康都有显著的好处。随着进一步的研究和开发，这项技术可能成为对抗气候变化和城市过热的宝贵工具)”可知，作者建议进一步的研究和发展是探索反光涂料的冷却潜力。故选B。 4.（23-24高一下·广东省清远市·期末） A team of researchers in Florida may have just created the world’s coolest paint ever. Chanda, a researcher in the University of Central Florida, and his team have created a way to imitate copy nature’s ability to reflect light and create beautifully vivid color without absorbing any heat like traditional pigments (色素) do. They focus on exploring structural color (结构色) and how people could use it to live cooler in a rapidly warming world. Structural colors are created not from traditional pigmentation but from the arrangement of colorless materials to reflect light in certain ways, like how rainbows are made after it rains. Think about the most beautiful colors you’ve ever seen-forest green, wine red or crystal blue, some of which, however, are nearly impossible to recreate artificially. That’s because these beautiful colors are not achieved through pigments — they’re all in the structure, like the green of peacocks’ feathers. Think about those cherries that redden your mouth after eating them or when your jeans turned green from sitting in wet grass. These are pigments. To create these colors, synthetic (合成的) materials like heavy metals are used to create vivid paints. Chanda stressed, “A deep blue needs cobalt; a deep red needs cadmium. They are toxic. We are polluting our nature by using this kind of paint. So one of the major motivations for us is to create colors based on non-toxic materials.” Beyond the beautiful colors and safety that structure can provide, Chanda also found that unlike pigments, structural paint does not absorb heat but reflects light back. That’s why people are advised to wear lighter colors in hotter days and why many buildings are painted white. This means this eco-friendly paint could help communities keep cool in an increasingly warming climate. “Nature has followed the path to create harmony among our surroundings,” Chanda said. “We want to be colorful but our color production is not really supported or inspired by nature. I hope this paint could be the future to a healthier, cooler environment.” 32.Which of the following colors doesn’t belong to structural colors? A．The purple of ripe grapes. B．The blue of butterfly wings. C．The orange of bright rainbows. D．The green of peacocks’ feathers. 33.What does the underlined word “toxic” in the third paragraph probably mean? A．Attractive. B．Harmful. C．Neutral. D．Useless. 34.Which of the following best describes the advantages of the newly-created paint? A．Vivid, eco-friendly and cooling. B．Colorless, healthy and artificial. C．Traditional, healthy and cooling. D．Vivid, man-made and eco-friendly. 35.What’s the main idea of the text? A．Many attractive colors couldn’t be recreated artificially. B．Human beings should respect the harmony of our surroundings. C．Traditional approaches of color production remain to be improved. D．The paint of structural color could help people live cooler and healthier. 【答案】32.A 33.B 34.A 35.D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了研究者Chanda和他的团队运用结构色原理创造了一种生态友好的新型涂料。这种涂料无需人工合成色素，模仿自然界光反射的原理而形成鲜亮的色彩，同时具备不吸收热量的优点，可以让人们在日益变暖的环境下享受多彩，健康、清凉的生活。 32.推理判断题。根据第二段“Structural colors are created not from traditional pigmentation but from the arrangement of colorless materials to reflect light in certain ways, like how rainbows are made after it rains. Think about the most beautiful colors you’ve ever seen-forest green, wine red or crystal blue, some of which, however, are nearly impossible to recreate artificially. That’s because these beautiful colors are not achieved through pigments — they’re all in the structure, like the green of peacocks’ feathers. (结构色彩不是通过传统的色素沉着创造出来的，而是通过无色材料的排列以特定的方式反射光线，就像雨后彩虹的形成一样。想想你见过的最美丽的颜色——森林绿、酒红或水晶蓝，然而，其中一些几乎是不可能人工重现的。这是因为这些美丽的颜色不是通过颜料实现的——它们都在结构中，就像孔雀羽毛的绿色一样。)”以及第三段“Think about those cherries that redden your mouth after eating them or when your jeans turned green from sitting in wet grass. These are pigments. (想想那些吃了樱桃后你的嘴会变红，或者你的牛仔裤因为坐在潮湿的草地上而变绿。这些是颜料。)”可知，A选项的葡萄与文章中的樱桃及草相似，含有色素，是非结构色，故选A。 33.词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“We are polluting our nature by using this kind of paint. So one of the major motivations for us is to create colors based on non-toxic materials. (我们使用这种油漆正在污染我们的自然。因此，我们的主要动机之一是创造基于无毒材料的颜色。)”可知，使用此类涂料会污染自然环境，是有害的，划线单词的含义是“有害的”。A. Attractive吸引人的；B. Harmful有害的；C. Neutral中性的；D. Useless无用的。故选B项。 34.推理判断题。根据第三段中的“To create these colors, synthetic (合成的) materials like heavy metals are used to create vivid paints. Chanda stressed, “A deep blue needs cobalt; a deep red needs cadmium. They are toxic. We are polluting our nature by using this kind of paint. So one of the major motivations for us is to create colors based on non-toxic materials.” (为了创造这些颜色，合成材料如重金属被用来创造生动的颜料。Chanda强调说：“深蓝色需要钴；深红色需要镉。它们是有毒的。我们使用这种油漆正在污染我们的自然。因此，我们的主要动机之一是创造基于无毒材料的颜色。”)”和第四段“Beyond the beautiful colors and safety that structure can provide, Chanda also found that unlike pigments, structural paint does not absorb heat but reflects light back. That’s why people are advised to wear lighter colors in hotter days and why many buildings are painted white. This means this eco-friendly paint could help communities keep cool in an increasingly warming climate. (除了结构所能提供的美丽色彩和安全性之外，Chanda还发现，与颜料不同，结构涂料不吸收热量，而是将光反射回去。这就是为什么人们被建议在炎热的天气里穿浅色的衣服，以及为什么许多建筑物被漆成白色。这意味着这种环保涂料可以帮助社区在日益变暖的气候中保持凉爽。)”可知，新研发的这种涂料的优势在于它模仿自然界的结构色，无需吸收热量就能反射光线创造出鲜明的颜色，而且是基于非毒性材料制成的。因此，选项A“Vivid, eco-friendly and cooling. (鲜艳、环保且具有降温效果)”最能全面概括这种新涂料的优点。 故选A项。 35.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中的“A team of researchers in Florida may have just created the world’s coolest paint ever. (佛罗里达州的一组研究人员可能刚刚创造了世界上最酷的涂料。)”和末段的“I hope this paint could be the future to a healthier, cooler environment. (我希望这种涂料能成为未来更健康、更凉爽的环境。)”可知，研究者Chanda和他的团队运用结构色原理创造了一种生态友好的新型涂料，使用结构色能帮助人们享受更凉爽和健康的生活。故选D项。 5.（23-24高一下·广东省茂名市·期末） The world is familiar with artificial intelligence (AI) models such as ChatGPT. These models have raised global excitement and interest in AI. A next step in this journey is to design specific AI models for specific industries. For example, creating models to address development challenges such as climate change. Such specific AI models can be particularly useful for Asia and the Pacific region, which is easily affected by extreme weather events due to climate change. Users can create a model that apprises them of the chances of flooding or drought in a specific area at a given time. In the context of climate change, specific AI models can be used to speed up progress on climate action. They also can help adapt to the changing climate and reflect the overall impact of climate change across the planet. An Al model can be built through a series of steps that include defining its scope and purpose to establish clear objectives, and then preparing the training data and breaking it into smaller units. The advantage offered by specific models is that they have fewer requirements than other tools. They don’t require millions of dollars of initial funding, human resources and government support. It is possible to build a specific model regardless of whether you are going to develop it as an individual or on behalf of an organization. You can build a simple one using a laptop and a small dataset to train the model. AI, like other forms of technology, has weaknesses and risks. Users who develop their own specific model need to be aware that AI models are heavily dependent on data. Poor-quality data will result in poor-quality analyses. 32.Which word can best replace the underlined word “apprises” in paragraph 2? A．Robs. B．Rids. C．Tells. D．Persuades. 33.Why are specific models better than other tools? A．They function better. B．They are smaller. C．They are smarter. D．They require less. 34.What is the author’s attitude towards AI? A．Careful. B．Unclear. C．Doubtful. D．Content. 35.Which of the following could be a suitable title for the text? A．A New AI model — ChatGPT B．Specific AI Models in Future C．The Impact of Artificial Intelligence D．The Advantage and Disadvantage of AI 【答案】32.C 33.D 34.A 35.B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讨论了特定行业的人工智能模型（AI）在应对气候变化挑战中的应用价值，特别是在亚洲和太平洋地区，这些定制化的AI模型能够帮助预测极端天气事件，加速气候行动并适应变化的气候。 32.词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Such specific AI models can be particularly useful for Asia and the Pacific region, which is easily affected by extreme weather events due to climate change. (这种特定的人工智能模型对亚洲和太平洋地区特别有用，因为气候变化容易受到极端天气事件的影响)”以及“Users can create a model(用户们创建一个模型)”可知，特定的人工智能模型对亚洲和太平洋地区特别有用，用户通过创建一个模型来告知他们在特定时间、特定地区发生洪水或干旱的可能性。故划线词与C选项 “Tells.(告诉)”为同义词。故选C。 33.细节理解题。根据第三段中“The advantage offered by specific models is that they have fewer requirements than other tools. (特定模型提供的优势是，它们比其他工具的需求更少)”可知，特定模型的优势是它们比其他工具需求更少。故选D。 34.推理判断题。根据第三段中“The advantage offered by specific models is that they have fewer requirements than other tools. (特定模型提供的优势是，它们比其他工具的需求更少)”以及第四段中“AI, like other forms of technology, has weaknesses and risks. (与其他形式的技术一样，人工智能也有弱点和风险)”可知，AI模型既有优势，也有弱点和风险，所以这表明作者持谨慎的态度，对AI的发展有清醒的认识。故选A。 35.主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要讨论了未来针对特定行业的AI模型及其应用和优缺点，所以B选项“Specific AI Models in Future(未来特定的AI模型)”最适合做标题，强调了AI模型在特定领域的前景。故选B。 话题二：人与自然 1.（23-24高一下·广东省揭阳市·期末） The Grand Canal (京杭大运河) is the longest and greatest man-made waterway in ancient China. With 27 sections and 58 historical sites, it was placed on the UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 2014. Running from Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in the south to Beijing in the north and connecting different river systems, the Grand Canal contributed greatly to ensuring that the Chinese primary economy thrived in past dynasties. The Grand Canal we see today was built section by section in different areas and dynasties before it was linked together by the Sui Dynasty (581 — 618). In 604 CE, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty toured Luoyang. The following year, he moved the capital to Luoyang and ordered a large-scale expansion of the canal. Due to the primitive building techniques, it took over six years to complete the project. About half the peasant builders (about 3,000,000) died of hard labor and hunger before it was finished. This project was thought to have been a waste of manpower and money, which resulted in the downfall of the Sui Dynasty. As a major transportation hub (枢纽), the Grand Canal connected the Yangtze, Yellow, Huaihe, Haihe, and Qiantang Rivers and flowed through Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, with Hangzhou as its southernmost end. The Grand Canal, which joined the river systems from different directions, provided a good way to transport foods and goods from south to north. Just as importantly, it greatly improved the administration and defense of China as a whole and strengthened economic and cultural connections between north and south. Boating on the old Canal is one of the best ways to get a panoramic (全景的) view of the landscape of typical river towns in southern China, which include ancient dwellings, stone bridges of traditional designs and historical relics. Experiencing some of the local customs offers much delight to travelers. Tourists also have an opportunity to enjoy good food while appreciating the surrounding scenery. 32.What is mainly talked about in the first paragraph? A．A brief history of the Grand Canal. B．The whole system of the Grand Canal. C．A general introduction to the Grand Canal. D．The impact the Grand Canal had on the economy. 33.What is the credit of Emperor Yang according to the text? A．The establishment of the Sui Dynasty. B．The movement to build the canal. C．The economic prosperity in the Sui Dynasty. D．The connection of the sections of the Grand Canal. 34.What can we infer from the Grand Canal as an important transportation hub? A．It improved building techniques. B．It helped develop the nation steadily as a whole. C．It brought people convenience to travel around. D．It sped up China’s development in agriculture. 35.Why does the writer write the last paragraph? A．To suggest traveling along the old Grand Canal. B．To introduce the good food along the old Grand Canal. C．To show the historical relics tourists will enjoy in southern China. D．To paint a typical landscape of southern China. 【答案】32.C 33.D 34.B 35.A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代伟大的工程——京杭大运河的历史、作用和旅游资源。 32.主旨大意题。由第一段“The Grand Canal (京杭大运河) is the longest and greatest man-made waterway in ancient China. With 27 sections and 58 historical sites, it was placed on the UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 2014. Running from Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in the south to Beijing in the north and connecting different river systems, the Grand Canal contributed greatly to ensuring that the Chinese primary economy thrived in past dynasties. (京杭大运河是中国古代最长、最大的人工水道。它有27个部分和58个历史遗迹，于2014年被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。大运河南起浙江省杭州市，北至北京市，连接不同的水系，为确保中国历代第一产业的繁荣做出了巨大贡献)”可知，第一段主要对京杭大运河作了一般介绍。故选C项。 33.细节理解题。由第二段中“The Grand Canal we see today was built section by section in different areas and dynasties before it was linked together by the Sui Dynasty (581—618). In 604 CE, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty toured Luoyang. (我们今天看到的京杭大运河在隋朝（581-618）被连接之前，是在不同地区和朝代逐段修建的。公元604年，隋炀帝游览洛阳。次年，他迁都洛阳，下令大规模扩建运河)”可知，隋炀帝的功绩是把大运河各段连接起来。故选D项。 34.推理判断题。由第三段中“The Grand Canal, which joined the river systems from different directions, provided a good way to transport foods and goods from south to north. Just as importantly, it greatly improved the administration and defense of China as a whole and strengthened economic and cultural connections between north and south. (京杭大运河从不同方向连接了河流系统，为从南到北运输食物和货物提供了良好的方式。同样重要的是，它极大地改善了整个中国的行政和国防，加强了南北之间的经济和文化联系)”可知，京杭大运河作为重要的交通枢纽，有助于整个国家的稳定发展。故选B项。 35.推理判断题。由最后一段“Boating on the old Canal is one of the best ways to get a panoramic (全景的) view of the landscape of typical river towns in southern China, which include ancient dwellings, stone bridges of traditional designs and historical relics. Experiencing some of the local customs offers much delight to travelers. Tourists also have an opportunity to enjoy good food while appreciating the surrounding scenery. (在老运河上泛舟是欣赏中国南方典型河城景观的最佳方式之一，其中包括古民居、传统设计的石桥和历史遗迹。体验当地的一些风俗给旅行者带来了很多乐趣。游客也有机会在欣赏周围风景的同时享受美食)”可知，最后一段讲了京杭大运河的旅游资源，可得出作者写最后一段是为了建议读者沿着古老的大运河旅行。故选A项。 话题三：人与自我 1.（23-24高一下·广东省广州市番禺区·期末） The advantage of printed texts over digital ones has been seen in many previous studies, and education psychologists even have a name for the phenomenon: the “screen inferiority effect”, which refers to the phenomenon where students, and others, seem to understand more when reading printed texts. However, by and large, previous studies have compared print reading to reading on a computer screen, not the handheld devices modern students use for most of their reading. Ladislao Salmerón, a researcher of educational psychology at the University of Valencia in Spain, and his workmates wanted to see if the screen inferiority effect occurs if you focus on handheld devices. So they searched existing studies and analyzed only data sets comparing print reading to reading on handheld devices. Finally, they looked at dozens of studies, pooling results from more than 100,000 students. As with previous research, they found students who read printed texts constantly performed slightly better. Although small, Salmerón stresses, the effect observed could be of great significance. “In explaining this, we must consider that children in schools read every day, he says. “So this effect could be built up over time.” Some scientists are trying to understand the reasons for the screen inferiority effect. One theory called the shallowing hypothesis (假说) assumes that when reading on digital devices, people are generally doing so for short periods of time and reading short  pieces of text, causing them to be less efficient. Another theory holds that feeling each page and remembering whether it was at the beginning of the book or the end can help connect with your memory. But neither theory has been proven. According to this study, Salmerón says, “First, printed texts shouldn’t be quit. Second, teachers should consider the goals of the tasks when deciding which reading medium to use.” He adds, “Tablets(平板电脑) may be well-suited for internet questioning tasks, but paper should be favoured to promote understanding of long texts.” 32.What drove Salmerón and his workmates to conduct the new study? A．Effects of digital devices on education. B．Challenges brought by reading devices. C．Impacts of the screen inferiority effect. D．One point ignored by previous research. 33.How did Salmerón and his workmates make their discovery? A．By conducting experiments. B．By referring to past research. C．By observing carefully in life. D．By interviewing many students. 34.What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about the positive effect of print reading? A．Its cause remains unclear. B．It tends to last a long time. C．It helps to improve one’s memory. D．Its existence hasn’t been confirmed. 35.What can be inferred from Salmerón’s words in the last paragraph? A．The study provides directions for educators. B．The study advises people to read tablets more. C．The study overstates the demand for printed texts. D．The study focuses on how to understand long texts. 【答案】32.D 33.B 34.A 35.A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。通过新的手持设备阅读与印刷文本阅读的对比研究，发现阅读印刷文本的学生表现依旧稍好，同时探讨了“屏幕劣势效应”产生的可能原因及相关理论，最终给出不应放弃印刷文本以及教师应根据任务目标选择合适阅读媒介的建议。 32.细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, by and large, previous studies have compared print reading to reading on a computer screen, not the handheld devices modern students use for most of their reading. (然而，总的来说，以前的研究将印刷阅读与在计算机屏幕上阅读进行了比较，而不是现代学生用于大部分阅读的手持设备。)”可知，Salmerón和他的同事们进行这项新研究的动机是因为之前的研究忽略了比较印刷阅读和手持设备阅读的效果。故选D项。 33.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“So they searched existing studies and analyzed only data sets comparing print reading to reading on handheld devices. (因此，他们检索了现有的研究，只分析了比较印刷阅读和手持设备阅读的数据集。)”可知，Salmerón和他的同事们通过参考过去的研究来进行他们的发现。故选B项。 34.主旨大意题。根据第四段“Some scientists are trying to understand the reasons for the screen inferiority effect. One theory called the shallowing hypothesis (假说) assumes that when reading on digital devices, people are generally doing so for short periods of time and reading short  pieces of text, causing them to be less efficient. Another theory holds that feeling each page and remembering whether it was at the beginning of the book or the end can help connect with your memory. But neither theory has been proven. (一些科学家正试图了解屏幕劣势效应的原因。一种称为“浅层假设”的理论认为，在数字设备上阅读时，人们通常会进行短时间阅读并阅读短文本，从而导致他们的效率降低。另一种理论认为，感受每一页并记住它是在书的开头还是结尾，都有助于与你的记忆建立联系。但这两种理论都没有得到证实。)”可知，第四段主要讲述了印刷阅读的积极效果的原因尚不清楚。故选A项。 35.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“According to this study, Salmerón says, “First, printed texts shouldn’t be quit. Second, teachers should consider the goals of the tasks when deciding which reading medium to use.” (根据这项研究，Salmerón说：“首先，不应放弃印刷文本。其次，教师在决定使用哪种阅读媒介时，应考虑任务的目标。”)”可知，Salmerón的话表明这项研究为教育工作者提供了方向。故选A项。 2（23-24高一下·广东省东莞市·期末） We all agree that too much anxiety has nothing good to offer and is certainly not a welcome visitor in our lives. There are endless and heartbreaking stories about how anxiety can ruin a moment, a day, or even a life. However, a growing number of researchers are getting the message out that anxiety is not always our enemy. Kian Patton, an expert on mental health, believes that anxiety and other unpleasant feelings actually have a role to play because we all need a bit of it to be our best selves. Let’s look at some positive sides that anxiety has to offer. A bit of anxiety prevents us from possible dangers. Those of us with some anxiety carefully consider the effects of our behavior on others, which prevents us from becoming a bully and hurting classmates. Anxiety can and does remind us to get things done. We tend to be better prepared for the next test, the next presentation, the next day, and even life in general. “If we pay no attention to our anxiety, we may lose these benefits, and can make things worse,” says Gaia Megan, a professor in Psychological Science. Ignoring unpleasant feelings just strengthens our worries, because we are not solving the problem. According to Gaia, the key to reducing unease is to manage anxiety by “worrying well”. But how? The trick, as she says, is to listen to anxiety, and then direct it to make changes. For example, a young man who worried about everything that could go wrong in his life was kept sleepless at night. After talking to Gaia Megan, he turned “what ifs?” anxiety into a goal-directed to-do list: “If this were to happen, then what could I do? Well, I could ...” By worrying well, we can feel lighter in our mind and have a clearer map of what we should do. “Then,” Gaia advises, “let it go. It is a wave that you need to learn to ride.” 32.What is people’s common opinion about anxiety? A．It satisfies some of our needs. B．It creates problems in our lives. C．It is the most unpleasant feeling. D．It helps us sort out the messages. 33.What can anxiety help people do? A．Avoid possible dangers. B．Make good friends. C．Have a successful life. D．Create new ideas. 34.How can we manage anxiety according to Gaia Megan? A．By changing our sleep patterns. B．By listening to others’ opinions. C．By ignoring unpleasant feelings. D．By directing it in a positive way. 35.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Women Scientists on Mental Health B．Facts and Benefits of Fear and Anxiety C．The Unsolved Mystery: Why do We Worry D．The Upside of Anxiety: How to Worry Well 【答案】32.B 33.A 34.D 35.D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了焦虑并非完全是我们的敌人，适度的焦虑可以帮助我们避免可能的危险，提醒我们完成事情，而关键在于如何“好好地担忧”，将焦虑转化为积极的力量。 32.细节理解题。由文章第一段“We all agree that too much anxiety has nothing good to offer and is certainly not a welcome visitor in our lives. There are endless and heartbreaking stories about how anxiety can ruin a moment, a day, or even a life.(我们都同意，过多的焦虑没有什么好处，当然也不是我们生活中受欢迎的访客。关于焦虑如何毁掉一刻、一天甚至一辈子，有无数令人心碎的故事。)”可知，人们通常认为焦虑会给我们的生活带来问题。故选B项。 33.细节理解题。由文章第三段“A bit of anxiety prevents us from possible dangers. (一点点焦虑使我们避免了可能的危险。)”可知，焦虑可以帮助人们避免可能的危险。故选A项。 34.推理判断题。由文章第四段中“According to Gaia, the key to reducing unease is to manage anxiety by “worrying well”.(根据Gaia的说法，减少不安的关键是通过‘好好担心’来控制焦虑。)”以及第五段中“The trick, as she says, is to listen to anxiety, and then direct it to make changes. (正如她所说，诀窍是倾听焦虑，然后引导它做出改变。)”可知，Gaia Megan建议以积极的方式引导焦虑，让其做出改变。故选D项。 35.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段“However, a growing number of researchers are getting the message out that anxiety is not always our enemy. Kian Patton, an expert on mental health, believes that anxiety and other unpleasant feelings actually have a role to play because we all need a bit of it to be our best selves.(然而，越来越多的研究人员正在传达这样的信息:焦虑并不总是我们的敌人。心理健康专家基安·帕顿认为，焦虑和其他不愉快的感觉实际上起着一定的作用，因为我们都需要一点焦虑来成为最好的自己。)”以及最后一段“By worrying well, we can feel lighter in our mind and have a clearer map of what we should do. “Then,” Gaia advises, “let it go. It is a wave that you need to learn to ride.”(通过好好担心，我们可以感到心情轻松，对我们应该做什么有一个更清晰的地图。‘那么，’盖亚建议道，‘放手吧。这是一个你需要学会驾驭的波浪。’)”可知，文章主要讲述焦虑的好处以及我们应该怎样利用焦虑，将焦虑转化为积极的力量，让我们成为更好的自己。所以D项“The Upside of Anxiety: How to Worry Well(焦虑的好处：如何好好地担心)”能够概括文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选D项。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$