there be 句型知识点与练习（讲义）-2024-2025学年译林版（三起）英语六年级下册

译林版（三起）小升初 there be 句型知识点与练习​ 一、there be 句型知识点​ （一）定义​ There be 句型表示 “某处存在某物或某人” 。​ （二）结构​ 1.There is + a/an + 单数可数名词 + 地点状语。​ 例如：There is an apple on the table.（桌子上有一个苹果。）​ 2.There is + 不可数名词 + 地点状语。​ 例如：There is some water in the glass.（杯子里有一些水。）​ 3.There are + 复数可数名词 + 地点状语。​ 例如：There are some books on the desk.（书桌上有一些书。）​ （三）就近原则​ 当 there be 句型中有两个或两个以上的并列主语时，be 动词的形式要与离它最近的那个主语在数上保持一致。​ 例如：​ 1.There is a pen and two pencils in the pencil - box.（铅笔盒里有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。）离 be 动词最近的主语 a pen 是单数，所以用 is。​ 2.There are two pencils and a pen in the pencil - box.（铅笔盒里有两支铅笔和一支钢笔。）离 be 动词最近的主语 two pencils 是复数，所以用 are。​ （四）句型转换​ 1.否定句：在 be 动词后加 not。​ 例如：​ There is a book on the desk.（肯定句）→ There isn't a book on the desk.（否定句）​ There are some students in the classroom.（肯定句）→ There aren't any students in the classroom.（否定句）​ 注意：在否定句中，some 要变为 any。​ 2.一般疑问句：把 be 动词提到句首。​ 例如：​ There is a cat under the tree.（陈述句）→ Is there a cat under the tree?（一般疑问句）​ There are some flowers in the garden.（陈述句）→ Are there any flowers in the garden?（一般疑问句）​ 回答时，肯定回答用 “Yes, there + be.”，否定回答用 “No, there + be + not.”。如：​ Is there a cat under the tree? → Yes, there is. / No, there isn't.​ Are there any flowers in the garden? → Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.​ 3.特殊疑问句​ 对主语提问：​ 当主语是人时，用 Who is + 地点状语？​ 例如：There is a boy in the classroom. → Who is in the classroom?​ 当主语是物时，用 What is + 地点状语？（注意：无论原句主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用 be 的单数形式 is）​ 例如：There are some books on the desk. → What is on the desk?​ 对数量提问：​ 对可数名词复数的数量提问，用 How many + 可数名词复数 + are there + 地点状语？​ 例如：There are five apples in the basket. → How many apples are there in the basket?​ 对不可数名词的数量提问，用 How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语？​ 例如：There is some milk in the glass. → How much milk is there in the glass?​ 对地点状语提问：用 Where be + 主语？​ 例如：There is a ball under the chair. → Where is the ball?​ （五）there be 句型的时态​ 1.一般现在时：There is/are...​ 例如：There is a bird in the tree now.（现在树上有一只鸟。）​ 2.一般过去时：There was/were...​ 例如：There was a park here ten years ago.（十年前这里有一个公园。）​ 3.一般将来时：There is/are going to be... 或 There will be...​ 例如：​ There is going to be a football match tomorrow.（明天将有一场足球比赛。）​ There will be more trees in our city in the future.（将来我们城市会有更多的树。）​ （六）there be 与 have/has 的区别​ 1.There be 表示 “存在”，即 “某处有某物 / 某人” ，强调客观存在。​ 例如：There is a map on the wall.（墙上有一张地图。）​ 2.have/has 表示 “拥有”，即 “某人拥有某物 / 某人”，强调所属关系。主语一般是人或有生命的物体。​ 例如：I have a new bike.（我有一辆新自行车。）​ 3.当表达整体与部分的关系时，there be 和 have/has 有时可以互换。​ 例如：There are seven days in a week. = A week has seven days.（一周有七天。）​ 二、拓展​ 1.There be 后接表示物的主语时，后面常接不定式作定语，不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。​ 例如：There is a lot of work to do.（有许多工作要做。这里工作是被做，但用 to do）​ 2.There be 后接表示人或动物的主语时，后面常接 V - ing 形式作定语。​ 例如：There are some children playing in the park.（公园里有一些孩子在玩耍。）​ 3.There be 结构中的 be 根据所表达的句意需要，可用 live, stand, remain 等代替，用来描述一种存在的状态。​ 例如：There stands a tall building near the river.（河边矗立着一座高楼。）​ 三、练习题​ （一）用 is, am, are, was, were 填空​ 1.There ________ a pen and two pencils in the pencil - box.​ 2.There ________ some water in the bottle yesterday.​ 3.There ________ any milk in the glass now.​ 4.There ________ a basketball match in our school tomorrow.​ 5.There ________ many trees in the park last year.​ 6.There ________ a book, two pens and three erasers on the desk.​ 7.How many students ________ there in your class?​ 8.There ________ a library and three classrooms on the first floor.​ 9.There ________ some flowers in the garden now. But there ________ no flowers last month.​ 10.There ________ going to ________ a party this evening.​ （二）单项选择​ ( )1.There ______ a football match on TV this evening.​ A. is going to have B. will have C. is going to be D. are going to be​ ( )2.There ______ no hospitals in my hometown fifty years ago.​ A. is B. are C. was D. were​ ( )3.—______ there any living things on other planets?​ — I have no idea. Maybe we can know more about that in the future.​ A. Is B. Are C. Has D. Have​ ( )4.There ______ a lot of good news in today's newspaper.​ A. is B. are C. was D. were​ ( )5.There ______ an apple and ten bananas in the basket. You can take any of them.​ A. is B. are C. has D. have​ ( )6.There ______ a sports meeting in our school next week.​ A. is going to have B. will have C. is going to be D. are going to be​ ( )7.There ______ some bread and two eggs on the plate.​ A. is B. are C. has D. have​ ( )8.— ______ there a table and two chairs in the room?​ — Yes, there ______.​ A. Is; is B. Are; are C. Is; are D. Are; is​ ( )9.There ______ a lot of people in the park yesterday.​ A. is B. are C. was D. were​ ( )10.There ______ any milk in the bottle, so I need to buy some.​ A. is B. isn't C. are D. aren't​ （三）句型转换​ 1. There is a book on the desk.（改为一般疑问句） ___________________________________________​ 2. There are some flowers in the garden.（改为否定句） ​___________________________________________​ 3. There are three people in my family.（对划线部分提问） ___________________________________________​​ 4. There is a pen and two pencils in the pencil - box.（对划线部分提问）​ ___________________________________________​ 5. There was a park near my home last year.（改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答） ___________________________________________​​ （四）根据汉语意思完成句子​ 1.桌子上有一个苹果和两个橘子。​ There ______ an apple and two oranges ______ the table.​ 2.昨天公园里有很多人。​ There ______ a lot of people in the park ______.​ 3.明天将有一场音乐会。​ There ______ ______ ______ a concert tomorrow.​ 4.杯子里没有水。​ There ______ ______ water in the glass.​ 5.你们学校有多少间教室？​ How many classrooms ______ ______ in your school?​ 四、答案解析​ （一）用 is, am, are, was, were 填空​ 1.is。根据就近原则，离 be 动词最近的主语 a pen 是单数，所以用 is。​ 2.was。yesterday 表明句子是一般过去时，water 是不可数名词，所以用 was。​ 3.isn't。now 表示现在时态，milk 是不可数名词，any 常用于否定句和疑问句，所以用 isn't。​ 4.is going to be 或 will be。tomorrow 表示将来，there be 句型的将来时结构为 There is/are going to be... 或 There will be... ，a basketball match 是单数，所以用 is going to be 或 will be。​ 5.were。last year 表明句子是一般过去时，many trees 是复数，所以用 were。​ 6.is。根据就近原则，离 be 动词最近的主语 a book 是单数，所以用 is。​ 7.are。students 是复数，所以用 are。​ 8.is。根据就近原则，离 be 动词最近的主语 a library 是单数，所以用 is。​ 9.are；were。now 表明前半句是一般现在时，flowers 是复数，所以用 are；last month 表明后半句是一般过去时，flowers 是复数，所以用 were。​ 10.is；be。this evening 表明句子是一般将来时，there be 句型的将来时结构为 There is/are going to be... ，所以第一个空填 is，第二个空填 be。​ （二）单项选择​ 1.C。this evening 表明句子是一般将来时，there be 句型的将来时结构为 There is/are going to be... 或 There will be... ，a football match 是单数，所以用 is going to be ，不能用 have 表示 “有”，因为 there be 本身就表示 “存在”，A、B 选项错误，D 选项 are 错误，所以选 C。​ 2.D。fifty years ago 表明句子是一般过去时，hospitals 是复数，所以用 were，选 D。​ 3.B。句子问的是 “其他星球上有生物吗”，是 there be 句型的一般疑问句，living things 是复数，所以用 Are，选 B。​ 4.A。today's newspaper 表明句子是一般现在时，news 是不可数名词，所以用 is，选 A。​ 5.A。根据就近原则，离 be 动词最近的主语 an apple 是单数，所以用 is，选 A。​ 6.C。next week 表明句子是一般将来时，there be 句型的将来时结构为 There is/are going to be... 或 There will be... ，a sports meeting 是单数，所以用 is going to be ，不能用 have 表示 “有”，A、B 选项错误，D 选项 are 错误，所以选 C。​ 7.A。根据就近原则，离 be 动词最近的主语 some bread 是不可数名词，视为单数，所以用 is，选 A。​ 8.A。根据就近原则，离 be 动词最近的主语 a table 是单数，所以一般疑问句用 Is there... ，回答时也用 Yes, there is. ，所以选 A。​ 9.D。yesterday 表明句子是一般过去时，people 是复数，所以用 were，选 D。​ 10.B。any 常用于否定句和疑问句，milk 是不可数名词，所以用 isn't，选 B。​ （三）句型转换​ 1.Is there a book on the desk?​ 将 there be 句型的陈述句变为一般疑问句，把 be 动词 is 提到句首。​ 2..There aren't any flowers in the garden.​ 将 there be 句型的肯定句变为否定句，在 be 动词 are 后加 not，some 变为 any。​ 3..How many people are there in your family?​ 对数量提问，people 是复数，用 How many + 可数名词复数 + are there + 地点状语？结构。​ 4..What is in the pencil - box?​ 对 there be 句型中的主语提问，当主语是物时，用 What is + 地点状语？结构。​ 5.Was there a park near your home last year? No, there wasn't.​ 将 there be 句型的一般过去时陈述句变为一般疑问句，把 be 动词 was 提到句首，my 变为 your；否定回答用 No, there wasn't.​ （四）根据汉语意思完成句子​ 1.is；on。根据就近原则，an apple 是单数，所以用 is；“在桌子上” 用 on the table​ 2.were；yesterday。“昨天” 是 yesterday，表明句子是一般过去时，people 是复数，所以用 were。​ 3.is going to be。“明天” 是 tomorrow，表明句子是一般将来时，there be 句型的将来时结构为 There is/are going to be... ，a concert 是单数，所以用 is going to be 。​ 4.isn't any。“没有水”，water 是不可数名词，用 isn't 表示否定，否定句中 some 变为 any。​ 5.are there。“有多少间教室”，classrooms 是复数，用 How many + 可数名词复数 + are there + 地点状语？结构。​ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$