语法串讲01 句子成分，句子结构，简单句，并列句和主从复合句-2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末考点大串讲（译林版2020）

语法串讲01 句子成分,句子结构,简单句,并列句和主从复合句 (精讲精练) 　　句子成分与八大基本句子结构 句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。主要有下面的七种基本成分。 1. 主语(subject) 句子的描述对象即为句子的主语。主语通常位于句子前面(部分)，常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式及从句充当。 Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。 He will take you to the hospital. 他会带你去医院。 Smoking is not allowed in public places. 公共场所不允许吸烟。 Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 他们来不来取决于天气。 2. 谓语(verb) 谓语，对主语进行描述，通常位于句子后面(部分)，谓语部分的核心词必须由动词充当，必须体现为某一时态形式。 Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜于言语。 He will come next week. 他下星期来。 Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. 玛丽自1994年以来一直在那家服装店工作。 3. 宾语(object) 宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。故宾语一般放在及物动词之后。另外，介词后也会跟宾语。宾语通常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式及从句等充当。 Do you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗户吗？ He wants to dream a nice dream. 他想做个好梦。 We need to know what others are doing. 我们需要知道其他人在做什么。 4. 表语(predicative) 表语在系动词之后，是用来说明主语的。表语通常由形容词、名词、代词、介词短语、不定式、分词(短语)及从句等充当。 Everything here is expensive. 这里的一切东西都很贵。 The match became very exciting. 比赛变得非常激烈。 This map may be of great help. 这张地图可能有很大帮助。 His plan is to seek work in the city. 他的计划是到城里找工作。 My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. 我的第一个想法是你应该隐藏你的感情。 5. 定语(attributive) 定语是用来修饰名词、代词的，常译为“……的”。单个词汇作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前，故称之为前置定语；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后，故称之为后置定语。定语通常由形容词、名词、代词、介词短语、不定式、分词(短语)及从句等充当。 They are women workers. 她们是女工。 Mary is a beautiful girl. 玛丽是一个漂亮的女孩。 China is a developing country. 中国是一个发展中国家。 I have nothing to eat. 我没有东西吃。 Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. 想去西藏的人在这里签名。 6. 补语(complement) 补语分为主语补语和宾语补语，用来补充说明主语或宾语的特征或情况。通常由形容词、名词、不定式、分词及介词短语充当。 He is made chairman of the club. 他被任命为俱乐部主席。 They elected me captain of the team. 他们选我当队长。 We try to make our country strong. 我们努力使我们的国家强大。 We found everything in good order. 我们发现一切都井井有条。 I should advise you to get the chance. 我劝你争取这个机会。 I saw him go upstairs. 我看见他上楼去了。 7. 状语(adverbial) 状语表示谓语行为的地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。通常由副词、介词短语、分词短语、不定式、状语从句等充当。 I left the village five years ago. 我五年前离开了这个村庄。 I arrived late because of the traffic jam. 因为交通堵塞，我迟到了。 We'll have to get up early to catch the train. 我们得早起去赶火车。 The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing. 学生们边唱歌边跳舞，走进了教室。 Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 虽然他是个孩子，但他懂得很多。 八大基本句子结构 1. 主谓: 主语＋谓语(SV)（谓语动词为不及物动词，不能接宾语，但能表达完整的意义） The door closed.门关了。 The sun was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 The animal disappeared. 动物消失了。 2. 主谓宾: 主语＋谓语＋宾语(SVO)（谓语动词为及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词，它必须跟一个宾语） We teach English. 我们教英语。 Who knows the man? 谁知道这个人？ 3. 主系表: 主语＋连系动词＋表语(SVP)（谓语动词是系动词） 变化类系动词：become/grow/run/get/fal (终止类系动词：prove/turn out) This is an EnglishChinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 The flower smells sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 Her face turned red. 她的脸红了。 4. 主谓宾宾: 主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(SVOO)（谓语动词带两个宾语(双宾语)，前一个为间接宾语(通常指人)，后一个为直接宾语(通常指物)）（句子结构可以是: “主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾”或“主＋谓＋直宾＋to/for＋间宾”。） Mr. Smith lent me his car.＝Mr. Smith lent his car to me.史密斯先生把他的车借给了我。 Mr. Smith gave me some advice and lent me an English dictionary.＝Mr. Smith gave some advice to me and lent an English dictionary to me.史密斯先生给了我一些建议并且借了本英文词典给我。 5. 主谓宾补: 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补语(SVOC)（谓语动词是可以带复合宾语的及物动词） The news made us surprised. 这消息使我们很吃惊。 We saw him out. 我们看见他出去了。 He asked me to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。 What makes him think so? 他怎么会这样想？ I saw them getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。 提醒：可用下面方法来判断一个及物动词所带的是双宾语还是复合宾语: 如果宾语与其后的成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系，则该动词接的是复合宾语，否则就是双宾语。 6. 主谓状: 主语＋谓语＋状语(SVA)（谓语动词也为不及物动词，但其后必须带有状语，否则结构不全，意义不完整。） They lived in Beijing. 他们住在北京。 The girl disappeared in the distance. 女孩在远处消失了。 7. 主谓宾状: 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(SVOA)（谓语动词是及物动词，其后不但必须有宾语，而且宾语之后必须带状语）。 She covered her face with her hands. 她用手蒙住了脸。 She put all the books on the desk.她把所有的书都放在桌上了。 8. 存现句: 引导词there引导的句子（there为引导词，无词义；be为谓语动词，根据情况可以有单复数的变化，也可以有不同的时态变化。there be后面的名词为句子主语。） [名师点津]there在该结构中是个引导词，本身无词义。动词be是谓语，有时态变化，也可与情态动词连用。动词be要和后面的就近的主语在单复数方面保持一致。 There is a small pool at the foot of the mountain. 山脚下有一个小池塘。 There lived a temple on the hill. 在山上有座庙宇。 并列句 1. 联合关系 由并列连词and或not only...but also...连接的两个分句。 I turned on the TV and we sat down and watched it. 我开了电视机后，我们就坐下来看电视节目。 It not only gave us a chance to get close to nature, but also gave us relaxation from our study.它不仅给了我们接近大自然的机会，而且能让我们在学习之余得到放松。 2. 转折关系 多用连词but，yet，while等连接两个分句。 It rained heavily, but I still went to school.虽然天下着雨，但是我还是去上学了。 Good habits always lead to high efficiency, while bad ones lead to the opposite.好的习惯经常使得效率增高，而不好的习惯效果恰恰相反。 3. 选择关系 主要由连词or (或者；否则)，either...or...(要么……要么……)，not...but...(不是……而是……)等连词连接。 You may go with us, or you may stay at home.你既可以跟我们一起去也可以待在家里。 4. 因果关系 多用连词so或for连接。 He told me to do it, so I did it.他让我这样做，于是我就这样做了。 5. 时间关系 由并列连词when连接两个分句，表示“就在这时突然……”。 Last Monday，I was walking in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle.上周一，我正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。 [名师点津] (1)“祈使句+and/or (otherwise)+简单句”也是并列句的一种，or在此意为“否则”。 Give me one more minute or I won't be able to finish it. 再多给我一分钟，否则我不能完成它。 (2)并列句有时也可不用并列连词连接，而用分号(；)连接。 The future is bright; the road is tortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。 (3)so和because不能连用。 The manager was ill so I went to the press conference in his place. 经理病了，所以我代他去参加新闻发布会。 主从复合句 1. 名词性从句(相当于名词，可作句子的主语、表语、宾语和同位语) When the plane is to take off has not been announced.(主语从句) 飞机何时起飞尚未宣布。 That is why he did not come to school yesterday.(表语从句) 那就是昨天他没来上学的原因。 He said that some teenagers didn’t work hard.(宾语从句) 他说有些青少年不努力学习。 We heard the news that our team had won.(同位语从句) 我们听到了我们球队获胜的消息。 2. 定语从句(相当于一个形容词，用来修饰一个名词或代词，在主句中作定语) The man who was full of anger was Mike’s father. 那个非常生气的人是迈克的父亲。 I won’t forget the day when I had an argument with him. 我忘不了和他吵架的那一天。 3. 状语从句(相当于副词，修饰谓语动词，或整个主句。根据表达的意思分为：时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、结果、方式、让步等) When I saw him，I found him under great stress. 我看见他时，觉得他压力很大。 I will meet my friend where I met my teacher last time. 我会在上次遇到我老师的地方见我的朋友。 If you want to keep peace，you’d better be patient. 如果你想保持和平，你最好耐心一些。 He was punished because he was late. 他受到了惩罚，因为他迟到了。 Let’s get up early so that we can catch the early bus. 我们早点起床吧，以便我们能赶上早班车。 He made so inspiring a speech that everyone got excited. 他发表了如此鼓舞人心的演讲，以至于大家都很激动。 Please do as you are told. 请按照你被告知的去做。 Although/Though he tried his best，he still missed the target. 虽然他尽力了，但仍然没有打中目标。 [注意]　although/though不能和but连用，但可以和yet，still连用。 例1．（2025高一上·广东梅州·阶段练习）The change won’t make you disappointed. (对划线部分进行句子成分划分) A．谓语 B．主语 C．宾补 D．直接宾语 例2．They lay in the cliff top grass with the sea stretching out far below. 此句为_________. A．简单句 B．并列句 C．复合句 D．倒装句 例3. 划分下列简单句的成分，并写出是什么句型。 1．All my efforts will pay off. 2．Senior high school is a time of learning and discovering. 3．All roads lead to Rome. 4．Jack offered me some helpful advice. 5．Setting goals makes you more confident. 6．Teenagers’ physical changes may result in such family tensions. 7．Modern technology has allowed rich people to accumulate wealth more easily. 8．Population growth remains a serious problem in Bangladesh. 例4. 判断下列各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句 1．Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. 2．But he employs more men for the harvest. 3．My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. 4．It doesn’t often rain in the summer here. 5．As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. 6．Every evening we pump water from a well. 7．It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden. 8．This is where we met for the first time. 9．You’d better take an umbrella，for it is going to rain. 10．We found the classroom full of cheerful students and teachers. Ⅰ.单项选择 1．At age 50, she found herself out of work and stuck at home with only her computer to keep her company.画横线的部分在句子中作什么成分? A．宾语 B．宾补 C．状语 D．定语 2．“Ireland’s beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on its people and traditions.”其中这个句子的谓语是什么? A．has B．had C．had a great influence on D．has had 3．（2025高一上·广东广州·期中）“Speak more, and you will improve your spoken English.” The type of the sentence is _________. A．简单句 B．复合句 C．并列句 D．感叹句 4．Write down what you want to buy. A．简单句 B．并列句 C．复合句 D．强调句 5．Invite your friends to your home tonight. A．陈述句 B．疑问句 C．祈使句 D．感叹句 分析下列句子结构（A并列句；B简单句；C主从复合句；D并列主从复合句） 1．The workers were not better organized, otherwise they would have accomplished the task in half the time.( ) 2．The professor warned the students that on no account should they use mobile phones in his class.( ) 3．Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially designed to help them succeed academically and personally.( ) 4．Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't make out what he was saying. ( ) 5．We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made an impact on our lives in many ways.( ) 6．I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it. ( ) 7．A city is the product of the human hand and mind, reflecting man's intelligence and creativity.( ) 8．Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done something very clever.( ) 9．To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off whoever we are to shake hands with.( ) 10．One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.( ) 11．As we know, vocational education qualifies people to work in a specific occupation. 12．Those who have vocational qualifications and professional competence often have better prospects of promotion. 13．The value of reading is not only recreation, but it also lights a lamp in the mind. 14．Statistics show that it is better to read a few books carefully than to read many at random. 15．Doctors use tablets while working in hospitals, while patients take tablets at home. 16．I will study law until I get a lawyer’s qualification certificate. 17．The graduation ceremony was over and the curtain had come down on my university life as if four years had disappeared in a flash. 18．For these years, I rushed from the classroom to the dormitory and from the dormitory to the cafeteria. 19．The people I met were intelligent, mature and responsible. 20．I remember my first assignment was an essay on geometry. 21．I created an outline followed by a draft, and then I borrowed some reference books from the library. 22．After editing and polishing them, I made the first two paragraphs into presentation slides. 23．I bounced ideas off my favourite professor, who was a tall gentleman with a beard. 24．A carriage is one of the separate, long sections of a train that carries passengers. 25．Your forehead is the area at the front of your head between your eyebrows and your hair. 26．To lose weight，she decided to work out every day. 27．Stand over there and you’ll be able to have a better view of the oil painting. 28．We all want it to accept and love ourselves, but at times it seems too difficult. 29．After the students were all in the chemistry lab, the teacher brought out three bottles. 30．Li Hua and Wang Lin like drawing and they often draw pictures for the wall newspapers. 31．We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 32．The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 33．There is a chair in this room, isn’t there? 34．My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. 35．He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 36．He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 37．Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 38．What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it? 39．The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. 40．Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. Ⅲ 书面写作 请以“My Favorite Teacher”为题，写一篇不少于六句且60字以上的小作文。 要求：1.运用英语的五个基本句型及There be句型。 2.包含简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句。 3.短文中含有状语从句，宾语从句和定语从句。 4.字迹工整，语言规范。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 语法串讲01 句子成分,句子结构,简单句,并列句和主从复合句 (精讲精练) 　　句子成分与八大基本句子结构 句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。主要有下面的七种基本成分。 1. 主语(subject) 句子的描述对象即为句子的主语。主语通常位于句子前面(部分)，常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式及从句充当。 Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。 He will take you to the hospital. 他会带你去医院。 Smoking is not allowed in public places. 公共场所不允许吸烟。 Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 他们来不来取决于天气。 2. 谓语(verb) 谓语，对主语进行描述，通常位于句子后面(部分)，谓语部分的核心词必须由动词充当，必须体现为某一时态形式。 Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜于言语。 He will come next week. 他下星期来。 Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. 玛丽自1994年以来一直在那家服装店工作。 3. 宾语(object) 宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。故宾语一般放在及物动词之后。另外，介词后也会跟宾语。宾语通常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式及从句等充当。 Do you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗户吗？ He wants to dream a nice dream. 他想做个好梦。 We need to know what others are doing. 我们需要知道其他人在做什么。 4. 表语(predicative) 表语在系动词之后，是用来说明主语的。表语通常由形容词、名词、代词、介词短语、不定式、分词(短语)及从句等充当。 Everything here is expensive. 这里的一切东西都很贵。 The match became very exciting. 比赛变得非常激烈。 This map may be of great help. 这张地图可能有很大帮助。 His plan is to seek work in the city. 他的计划是到城里找工作。 My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. 我的第一个想法是你应该隐藏你的感情。 5. 定语(attributive) 定语是用来修饰名词、代词的，常译为“……的”。单个词汇作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前，故称之为前置定语；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后，故称之为后置定语。定语通常由形容词、名词、代词、介词短语、不定式、分词(短语)及从句等充当。 They are women workers. 她们是女工。 Mary is a beautiful girl. 玛丽是一个漂亮的女孩。 China is a developing country. 中国是一个发展中国家。 I have nothing to eat. 我没有东西吃。 Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. 想去西藏的人在这里签名。 6. 补语(complement) 补语分为主语补语和宾语补语，用来补充说明主语或宾语的特征或情况。通常由形容词、名词、不定式、分词及介词短语充当。 He is made chairman of the club. 他被任命为俱乐部主席。 They elected me captain of the team. 他们选我当队长。 We try to make our country strong. 我们努力使我们的国家强大。 We found everything in good order. 我们发现一切都井井有条。 I should advise you to get the chance. 我劝你争取这个机会。 I saw him go upstairs. 我看见他上楼去了。 7. 状语(adverbial) 状语表示谓语行为的地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。通常由副词、介词短语、分词短语、不定式、状语从句等充当。 I left the village five years ago. 我五年前离开了这个村庄。 I arrived late because of the traffic jam. 因为交通堵塞，我迟到了。 We'll have to get up early to catch the train. 我们得早起去赶火车。 The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing. 学生们边唱歌边跳舞，走进了教室。 Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 虽然他是个孩子，但他懂得很多。 八大基本句子结构 1. 主谓: 主语＋谓语(SV)（谓语动词为不及物动词，不能接宾语，但能表达完整的意义） The door closed.门关了。 The sun was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 The animal disappeared. 动物消失了。 2. 主谓宾: 主语＋谓语＋宾语(SVO)（谓语动词为及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词，它必须跟一个宾语） We teach English. 我们教英语。 Who knows the man? 谁知道这个人？ 3. 主系表: 主语＋连系动词＋表语(SVP)（谓语动词是系动词） 变化类系动词：become/grow/run/get/fal (终止类系动词：prove/turn out) This is an EnglishChinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 The flower smells sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 Her face turned red. 她的脸红了。 4. 主谓宾宾: 主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(SVOO)（谓语动词带两个宾语(双宾语)，前一个为间接宾语(通常指人)，后一个为直接宾语(通常指物)）（句子结构可以是: “主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾”或“主＋谓＋直宾＋to/for＋间宾”。） Mr. Smith lent me his car.＝Mr. Smith lent his car to me.史密斯先生把他的车借给了我。 Mr. Smith gave me some advice and lent me an English dictionary.＝Mr. Smith gave some advice to me and lent an English dictionary to me.史密斯先生给了我一些建议并且借了本英文词典给我。 5. 主谓宾补: 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补语(SVOC)（谓语动词是可以带复合宾语的及物动词） The news made us surprised. 这消息使我们很吃惊。 We saw him out. 我们看见他出去了。 He asked me to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。 What makes him think so? 他怎么会这样想？ I saw them getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。 提醒：可用下面方法来判断一个及物动词所带的是双宾语还是复合宾语: 如果宾语与其后的成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系，则该动词接的是复合宾语，否则就是双宾语。 6. 主谓状: 主语＋谓语＋状语(SVA)（谓语动词也为不及物动词，但其后必须带有状语，否则结构不全，意义不完整。） They lived in Beijing. 他们住在北京。 The girl disappeared in the distance. 女孩在远处消失了。 7. 主谓宾状: 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(SVOA)（谓语动词是及物动词，其后不但必须有宾语，而且宾语之后必须带状语）。 She covered her face with her hands. 她用手蒙住了脸。 She put all the books on the desk.她把所有的书都放在桌上了。 8. 存现句: 引导词there引导的句子（there为引导词，无词义；be为谓语动词，根据情况可以有单复数的变化，也可以有不同的时态变化。there be后面的名词为句子主语。） [名师点津]there在该结构中是个引导词，本身无词义。动词be是谓语，有时态变化，也可与情态动词连用。动词be要和后面的就近的主语在单复数方面保持一致。 There is a small pool at the foot of the mountain. 山脚下有一个小池塘。 There lived a temple on the hill. 在山上有座庙宇。 并列句 1. 联合关系 由并列连词and或not only...but also...连接的两个分句。 I turned on the TV and we sat down and watched it. 我开了电视机后，我们就坐下来看电视节目。 It not only gave us a chance to get close to nature, but also gave us relaxation from our study.它不仅给了我们接近大自然的机会，而且能让我们在学习之余得到放松。 2. 转折关系 多用连词but，yet，while等连接两个分句。 It rained heavily, but I still went to school.虽然天下着雨，但是我还是去上学了。 Good habits always lead to high efficiency, while bad ones lead to the opposite.好的习惯经常使得效率增高，而不好的习惯效果恰恰相反。 3. 选择关系 主要由连词or (或者；否则)，either...or...(要么……要么……)，not...but...(不是……而是……)等连词连接。 You may go with us, or you may stay at home.你既可以跟我们一起去也可以待在家里。 4. 因果关系 多用连词so或for连接。 He told me to do it, so I did it.他让我这样做，于是我就这样做了。 5. 时间关系 由并列连词when连接两个分句，表示“就在这时突然……”。 Last Monday，I was walking in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle.上周一，我正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。 [名师点津] (1)“祈使句+and/or (otherwise)+简单句”也是并列句的一种，or在此意为“否则”。 Give me one more minute or I won't be able to finish it. 再多给我一分钟，否则我不能完成它。 (2)并列句有时也可不用并列连词连接，而用分号(；)连接。 The future is bright; the road is tortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。 (3)so和because不能连用。 The manager was ill so I went to the press conference in his place. 经理病了，所以我代他去参加新闻发布会。 主从复合句 1. 名词性从句(相当于名词，可作句子的主语、表语、宾语和同位语) When the plane is to take off has not been announced.(主语从句) 飞机何时起飞尚未宣布。 That is why he did not come to school yesterday.(表语从句) 那就是昨天他没来上学的原因。 He said that some teenagers didn’t work hard.(宾语从句) 他说有些青少年不努力学习。 We heard the news that our team had won.(同位语从句) 我们听到了我们球队获胜的消息。 2. 定语从句(相当于一个形容词，用来修饰一个名词或代词，在主句中作定语) The man who was full of anger was Mike’s father. 那个非常生气的人是迈克的父亲。 I won’t forget the day when I had an argument with him. 我忘不了和他吵架的那一天。 3. 状语从句(相当于副词，修饰谓语动词，或整个主句。根据表达的意思分为：时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、结果、方式、让步等) When I saw him，I found him under great stress. 我看见他时，觉得他压力很大。 I will meet my friend where I met my teacher last time. 我会在上次遇到我老师的地方见我的朋友。 If you want to keep peace，you’d better be patient. 如果你想保持和平，你最好耐心一些。 He was punished because he was late. 他受到了惩罚，因为他迟到了。 Let’s get up early so that we can catch the early bus. 我们早点起床吧，以便我们能赶上早班车。 He made so inspiring a speech that everyone got excited. 他发表了如此鼓舞人心的演讲，以至于大家都很激动。 Please do as you are told. 请按照你被告知的去做。 Although/Though he tried his best，he still missed the target. 虽然他尽力了，但仍然没有打中目标。 [注意]　although/though不能和but连用，但可以和yet，still连用。 例1．（2025高一上·广东梅州·阶段练习）The change won’t make you disappointed. (对划线部分进行句子成分划分) A．谓语 B．主语 C．宾补 D．直接宾语 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：这种变化不会让你失望的。分析句子可知，The change为主语；won’t make为谓语；you为宾语；disappointed为形容词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语you的状态。故选C项。 例2．They lay in the cliff top grass with the sea stretching out far below. 此句为_________. A．简单句 B．并列句 C．复合句 D．倒装句 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：他们躺在悬崖顶上的草地上，大海在下面延伸得很远。分析句子可知，They是主语，lay是谓语动词，in the cliff top grass是介词短语，在句中作状语，with the sea stretching out far below是with的复合结构，作伴随状语，所以本句是简单句。故选A项。 例3. 划分下列简单句的成分，并写出是什么句型。 1．All my efforts will pay off. 2．Senior high school is a time of learning and discovering. 3．All roads lead to Rome. 4．Jack offered me some helpful advice. 5．Setting goals makes you more confident. 6．Teenagers’ physical changes may result in such family tensions. 7．Modern technology has allowed rich people to accumulate wealth more easily. 8．Population growth remains a serious problem in Bangladesh. 【答案】1．(All my) efforts will pay off. “主+谓”句型 2．(Senior high) school is a time (of learning and discovering). “主+系（谓）+表”句型 3．(All) roads lead to Rome. “主+谓+宾”句型 4．Jack offered me (some helpful) advice. “主+谓+双宾”句型 5．Setting goals makes you more confident.  “主+谓+宾+宾补”句型 6．(Teenagers’ physical) changes may result in (such family) tensions.“主+谓+宾”句型 7．(Modern) technology has allowed (rich) people to accumulate wealth [more easily].“主+谓+宾+宾补”句型 8．Population growth remains a (serious) problem [in Bangladesh].“主+系（谓）+表”句型 【解析】1．(All my) efforts will pay off. “主+谓”句型 此句是“主谓”结构句型。pay off在此句中意为“取得成效”，是不及物动词短语。all my修饰efforts作定语，efforts为主语。 2．(Senior high) school is a time (of learning and discovering). “主+系（谓）+表”句型 此句是“主+系（谓）+表”结构。senior high作school的定语。is是系动词，其后的a time是表语，构成“系表结构”。of learning and discovering修饰a time，是介词短语作定语成分。 3．(All) roads lead to Rome.“主+谓+宾”句型 此句是“主谓宾”结构。lead是谓语动词，to在此处为介词，Rome跟在介词to后作宾语。（此句说一句谚语，意为“条条大道通罗马”。） 4．Jack offered me (some helpful) advice. “主+谓+双宾”句型 此句是“主谓双宾（间接宾语+直接宾语）”结构。此句中offer是谓语动词。me和some helpful advice都是offer动作的对象，因此都是宾语成分。通常人为间接宾语（此句中的me），物是直接宾语（此句中的advice）。 5．Setting goals makes you more confident.  “主+谓+宾+宾补”句型 此句为“主+谓+宾+宾补”句型。setting goal动名词作主语。you作make的宾语。more confident补充说明宾语，与宾语you构成一定逻辑关系，是宾语补足语成分。 6．(Teenagers’ physical) changes may result in (such family) tensions.“主+谓+宾”句型 此句为“主+谓+宾”结构。teenager’s physical修饰changes作定语。may result in是情态动词+谓语动词+介词，其后的such family tensions作宾语。 7．(Modern) technology has allowed (rich) people to accumulate wealth [more easily].“主+谓+宾+宾补”句型，此句是“主+谓+宾+宾补”句型。has allowed是现在完成时结构的谓语动词。rich people作其宾语。to accumulate(积累)wealth不定式短语补充说明rich people，作宾语补足语。more easily是副词，表示程度，修饰动词accumulate,作状语成分。 8．Population growth remains a (serious) problem [in Bangladesh].“主+系（谓）+表”句型 此句是“主+系（谓）+表”句型。remain意为“保持，仍然是”，是系动词，后跟名词短语a serious problem作表语。serious修饰名词problem作其定语。in Bangladesh作地点状语。 例4. 判断下列各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句 1．Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. 2．But he employs more men for the harvest. 3．My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. 4．It doesn’t often rain in the summer here. 5．As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. 6．Every evening we pump water from a well. 7．It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden. 8．This is where we met for the first time. 9．You’d better take an umbrella，for it is going to rain. 10．We found the classroom full of cheerful students and teachers. 【答案】1．复合句 2．简单句 3．简单句 4．简单句 5．简单句 6．简单句 7．简单句 8．复合句 9．并列句 10．简单句 【分析】1．考查句子结构。句意：虽然农场很大，但我爸爸只有两个人为他工作。本句中Although引导的让步状语从句，所以是复合句，故填复合句。 2．考查句子结构。句意： 但他雇佣了更多的人来收割。But he employs more men for the harvest，he为主语，employs为谓语，more men为宾语，所以本句结构是主谓宾，故填简单句。 3． 考查句子结构。句意：我哥哥照料菜园。  My brother takes care of the vegetable garden，My brother为主语，takes care of为谓语，the vegetable garden为宾语，所以本句结构是主谓宾，故填简单句。 4．考查句子结构。句意：这里夏天不常下雨。It doesn’t often rain in the summer here，It为主语，doesn’t rain为谓语所以本句结构是主谓，故填简单句。 5．考查句子结构。句意：因此，我们不得不给菜园浇水。As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden，we 为主语，have to water为谓语， the vegetable garden为宾语，所以本句结构是主谓宾，故填简单句。 6．考查句子结构。句意： 每天晚上我们从井里抽水。故填简单句。Every evening we pump water from a well，we 为主语，pump为谓语， water为宾语，所以本句结构是主谓宾，故填简单句。 7．考查句子结构。句意：然后沿着通道流向花园的不同部分。故填简单句。It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden，It为主语，runs to为谓语， different parts of the garden为宾语，所以本句结构是主谓宾，故填简单句。 8．考查句子结构。句意：  这是我们第一次见面的地方。This is where we met for the first time，本句中where连接表语从句，在从句中做地点状语，所以是复合句，故填复合句。 9． 考查句子结构。句意：你最好带把伞，因为天要下雨了。You’d better take an umbrella, for it is going to rain，本句中for前后两句为并列句，表原因，所以是并列句，故填并列句。 10．考查句子结构。句意：我们发现教室里坐满了兴高采烈的学生和老师。故填简单句。We found the classroom full of cheerful students and teachers，we 为主语，found为谓语， the classroom为宾语，full of cheerful students and teachers为宾补，所以本句结构是主谓宾补，故填简单句。 Ⅰ.单项选择 1．At age 50, she found herself out of work and stuck at home with only her computer to keep her company.画横线的部分在句子中作什么成分? A．宾语 B．宾补 C．状语 D．定语 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：50岁时，她发现自己失业了，只能呆在家里用电脑陪伴自己。分析句子可知，本句中she为主语；found为谓语；herself为宾语；out of work and stuck at home为宾补，对宾语进行补充说明其状态。故选B项。 2．“Ireland’s beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on its people and traditions.”其中这个句子的谓语是什么? A．has B．had C．had a great influence on D．has had 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：爱尔兰美丽的乡村一直对其人民和传统产生着巨大的影响。本句是一个简单句，主语为Ireland’s beautiful countryside，该句为现在完成时，谓语为has had，always为频度副词，常置于助动词之后，实义动词之前，a great influence on its people and traditions是宾语。故选D。 3．（2025高一上·广东广州·期中）“Speak more, and you will improve your spoken English.” The type of the sentence is _________. A．简单句 B．复合句 C．并列句 D．感叹句 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：多说，你的英语口语就会提高。本句为“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构，属于and连接的并列句。故选C。 4．Write down what you want to buy. A．简单句 B．并列句 C．复合句 D．强调句 5．Invite your friends to your home tonight. A．陈述句 B．疑问句 C．祈使句 D．感叹句 【答案】4．C 5．C 【解析】4．考查句子类型。句意：把你要买的东西写下来。分析句子可知，what引导宾语从句，作动词短语Write down的宾语，故本句是复合句，故选C。 5．考查句子类型。句意：邀请你的朋友今晚来你家做客。分析句子可知，本句是以动词原形Invite开头的祈使句，故选C。 Ⅱ. 分析下列句子结构（A并列句；B简单句；C主从复合句；D并列主从复合句） 1．The workers were not better organized, otherwise they would have accomplished the task in half the time.( ) 2．The professor warned the students that on no account should they use mobile phones in his class.( ) 3．Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially designed to help them succeed academically and personally.( ) 4．Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't make out what he was saying. ( ) 5．We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made an impact on our lives in many ways.( ) 6．I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it. ( ) 7．A city is the product of the human hand and mind, reflecting man's intelligence and creativity.( ) 8．Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done something very clever.( ) 9．To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off whoever we are to shake hands with.( ) 10．One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.( ) 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．C 【解析】1．考查句子结构。句意：工人们组织得不好，否则他们会在一半的时间内完成任务。otherwise可以作连接副词，连接两个并列的分句，用法上相当于“or”。故本句为并列句。故选A。 2．考查句子结构。句意：教授警告学生们在课堂上绝对不能使用手机。本句含有that引导的宾语从句，故本句为主从复合句。故选C。 3．考查句子结构。句意：大多数大学现在为一年级学生提供一门专门设计的课程，以帮助他们在学业和个人方面取得成功。本句主语为Most colleges；offer是谓语；first-year students是间接宾语，a course是直接宾语；specially designed to help them succeed academically and personally是后置定语。故本句为简单句。故选B。 4．考查句子结构。句意：凯特听到一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。本句中but连接连个句子，且第二个句子中含有what引导的宾语从句。故本句为并列主从复合句。故选D。 5．考查句子结构。句意：我们可以观察到，人工智能已经在许多方面对我们的生活产生了影响。本句含有that引导的宾语从句，故本句为主从复合句。故选C。 6．考查句子结构。句意：我本想送彼得一份礼物来祝贺他的婚姻，但我办不到。本句中but连接连个简单句，故本句为并列句。故选A。 7．考查句子结构。句意：城市是人类手和心灵的产物，反映了人类的智慧和创造力。本句主语为A city；is是系动词；the product of the human hand and mind是表语；reflecting man's intelligence and creativity是现在分词。故本句为简单句。故选B。 8．考查句子结构。句意：杰克什么也没说，但老师对他笑了笑，好像他做了一件非常聪明的事。本句中but连接连个句子，且第二个句子中含有as if引导的状语从句。故本句为并列主从复合句。故选D。 9．考查句子结构。句意：为了表示我们的尊重，我们通常必须脱掉手套，不管我们要和谁握手。本句含有whoever引导的让步状语从句，故本句为主从复合句。故选C。 10．考查句子结构。句意：她喜欢城市生活的一个原因是，她可以很容易地去商店和餐馆等地方。本句含有that引导的表语从句，故本句为主从复合句。故选C。 11．As we know, vocational education qualifies people to work in a specific occupation. 12．Those who have vocational qualifications and professional competence often have better prospects of promotion. 13．The value of reading is not only recreation, but it also lights a lamp in the mind. 14．Statistics show that it is better to read a few books carefully than to read many at random. 15．Doctors use tablets while working in hospitals, while patients take tablets at home. 16．I will study law until I get a lawyer’s qualification certificate. 17．The graduation ceremony was over and the curtain had come down on my university life as if four years had disappeared in a flash. 18．For these years, I rushed from the classroom to the dormitory and from the dormitory to the cafeteria. 19．The people I met were intelligent, mature and responsible. 20．I remember my first assignment was an essay on geometry. 21．I created an outline followed by a draft, and then I borrowed some reference books from the library. 22．After editing and polishing them, I made the first two paragraphs into presentation slides. 23．I bounced ideas off my favourite professor, who was a tall gentleman with a beard. 24．A carriage is one of the separate, long sections of a train that carries passengers. 25．Your forehead is the area at the front of your head between your eyebrows and your hair. 【答案】11．主从复合句，含有非限制性定语从句 12．主从复合句，含有限制性定语从句 13．并列句 14．主从复合句，含有宾语从句 15．并列主从复合句，含有时间状语从句的省略 16．主从复合句，含有时间状语从句 17．并列主从复合句，含有方式状语从句 18．简单句 19．主从复合句，含有限制性定语从句 20．主从复合句，含有宾语从句 21．并列句 22．简单句 23．主从复合句，含有非限制性定语从句 24．主从复合句，含有限制性定语从句 25．简单句 【解析】11．考查句子类型。句意：众所周知，职业教育使人们有资格从事特定职业。逗号前面为as引导的非限制性定语从句，逗号后面为主句。故答案为：主从复合句，含有非限制性定语从句。 12．考查句子类型。句意：具有职业资格和专业能力的人往往有更好的晋升前景。“who have vocational qualifications and professional competence”为who引导的限制性定语从句，“often have better prospects of promotion”为主句。故答案为：主从复合句，含有限制性定语从句。 13．考查句子类型。句意：阅读的价值不仅在于消遣，更在于点亮心中的一盏明灯。“The value of reading is not only recreation”和“it also lights a lamp in the mind”为“not only… but also…”连接的并列句。故答案为：并列句。 14．考查句子类型。句意：统计表明，仔细阅读几本书比随意阅读多本书要好。that前面为主句，后面的“it is better to read a few books carefully than to read many at random”为show的宾语从句。故答案为：主从复合句，含有宾语从句。 15．考查句子类型。句意：医生在医院工作时使用平板电脑，而患者在家中吃药。“Doctors use tablets while working in hospitals”和“patients take tablets at home”为第二个while（而）连接的并列句，这个while是并列连词；在逗号前的分句中，“while working in hospitals”为从属连词while引导的时间状语从句，其中省略了they are。故答案为：并列主从复合句，含有时间状语从句的省略。 16．考查句子类型。句意：我将学习法律，直到获得律师资格证书。“I will study law”为主句，“until I get a lawyer’s qualification certificate”为until引导的时间状语从句。故答案为：主从复合句，含有时间状语从句。 17．考查句子类型。句意：毕业典礼结束，大学生活的帷幕已经落下，仿佛四年一晃而过。“The graduation ceremony was over.”和“the curtain had come down on my university life as if four years had disappeared in a flash.”为and连接的并列句，在and后面的分句中存在着as if引导的方式状语从句，它对应的主句为“the curtain had come down on my university life”。故答案为：并列主从复合句，含有方式状语从句。 18．考查句子类型。句意：这些年，我从教室跑到宿舍，从宿舍跑到食堂。原句中没有并列句及主从复合句，为简单句结构。故答案为：简单句。 19．考查句子类型。句意：我遇到的人聪明、成熟、有责任感。“The people I met were intelligent, mature and responsible”为主句，“I met”为who/that引导的限制性定语从句，关系代词在从句中作宾语，已经省略掉。故答案为：主从复合句，含有限制性定语从句。 20．考查句子类型。句意：我记得我的第一份作业是关于几何的论文。“I remember.”为主句，“my first assignment was an essay on geometry”为that引导的宾语从句，作remember的宾语，that已经省略掉。故答案为：主从复合句，含有宾语从句。 21．考查句子类型。句意：我创建了一个提纲，然后是一个草稿，然后我从图书馆借了一些参考书。“I created an outline followed by a draft”和“then I borrowed some reference books from the library”为and连接的并列句。故答案为：并列句。 22．考查句子类型。句意：在对它们进行编辑和润色之后，我将前两段制作成演示幻灯片。“After editing and polishing them”为时间状语，after是介词，原句无并列连词和从属连词。故答案为：简单句。 23．考查句子类型。句意：我从我最喜欢的教授那里得到了一些想法，他是一位留着胡子的高个子绅士。逗号前面“I bounced ideas off my favourite professor”为主句，逗号后面为who引导的非限制性定语从句。故答案为：主从复合句，含有非限制性定语从句。 24．考查句子类型。句意：车厢是火车中用于载客的单独的一个长段。“A carriage is one of the separate, long sections of a train.”为主句，“that carries passengers.”为that引导的限制性定语从句。故答案为：主从复合句，含有限制性定语从句。 25．考查句子类型。句意：前额是眉毛和头发之间的前额区域。原句中没有并列句及主从句，为简单句结构。故答案为：简单句。 26．To lose weight，she decided to work out every day. 27．Stand over there and you’ll be able to have a better view of the oil painting. 28．We all want it to accept and love ourselves, but at times it seems too difficult. 29．After the students were all in the chemistry lab, the teacher brought out three bottles. 30．Li Hua and Wang Lin like drawing and they often draw pictures for the wall newspapers. 31．We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 32．The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 33．There is a chair in this room, isn’t there? 34．My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. 35．He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 36．He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 37．Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 38．What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it? 39．The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. 40．Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. 【答案】26．简单句 27．并列句 28．并列句 29．复合句 30．并列句 31．简单句 32．主从复合句 33．简单句 34．简单句 35．并列句 36．主从复合句 37．并列句 38．主从复合句 39．简单句 40．简单句 【解析】26．考查简单句。句意：为了减肥，她决定每天锻炼。“To lose weight”为状语，句子的主语为She；谓语动词为decided；to work out为宾语；every day为状语。所以本句为简单句。故填简单句。 27．考查并列句。句意：站在那边，你可以把油画看得更清楚。“Stand over there”与“you’ll be able to have a better view of the oil painting”为并列关系，连词为and，所以本句为并列句。故填并列句。 28．考查并列句。句意：我们都希望它能接受和爱我们自己，但有时这似乎太难了。“We all want it to accept and love ourselves”与“at times it seems too difficult”为转折关系，并列连词为but。所以为并列句。故填并列句。 29．考查复合句。句意：学生们都进了化学实验室后，老师拿出三个瓶子。“After the students were all in the chemistry lab”与“the teacher brought out three bottles”为先后关系，连词为after，所以为after引导的时间状语从句。所以本句为复合句。故填复合句。 30．考查并列句。句意：李华和王林喜欢画画，他们经常为墙报画画。“Li Hua and Wang Lin like drawing“与“they often draw pictures for the wall newspapers”为并列关系，并列连词为and。故填并列句。 31．考查简单句。句意：我们经常在星期五下午学习中国历史。“We”为主语，“often”为状语；“study”为谓语；“Chinese history”为宾语；“on Friday afternoon”为状语。所以本句为主谓宾结构，为简单句。故填简单句。 32．考查复合句。句意：给我让座的那个男孩叫汤姆。句子的主语为The boy；谓语为is called；宾语为Tom；who offered me his sea为定语从句修饰主语。所以本句为主从复合句。故填主从复合句。 33．考查简单句。句意：这个房间里有一把椅子，是吗?“There is a chair in this room”为there be句型；“isn’t there?”为疑问部分，所以为简单句。故填简单句。 34．考查简单句。句意：我哥哥和我早上七点半去上学，晚上七点回家。“My brother and I”为主语，“go”为谓语“to school”为宾语；“at half past seven in the morning”为状语，“come back”为并列谓语，“home”宾语；“at seven in the evening”为状语。所以本句为简单句。故填简单句。 35．考查并列句。句意：他在一班我在二班。“He is in Class One.”与“I am in Class Two”为并列关系，并列连词为and。故填并列句。 36．考查主从复合句。句意：他还是个孩子的时候就喜欢画画。“He was fond of drawing”为句子的主句；“when he was yet a child.”为从句；所以本句为主从复合句，连接词为when。故填主从复合句。 37．考查并列句。句意：他既没有改变主意，也不会改变。“has he changed his mind”与“will he do so.”为并列关系，连接词为neither … nor…。故填并列句。 38．考查主从复合句。句意：他在会上说的话很重要，是吗?“What he said at the meeting”为句子的主语，what引导的主语从句，“is”为系动词，“important”为表语，所以本句为主从复合句。故填主从复合句。 39．考查简单句。句意：农民正在教那个男孩怎样种树。“The farmer”为主语，“is showing”为谓语，“the boy how to plant a tree”为双宾语；所以本句为简单句。故填简单句。 40．考查简单句。句意：汤姆和杰克都喜欢乡村音乐。“Both Tom and Jack ”为主语；“enjoy”为谓语；“country music”为宾语，所以本句为简单句。故填简单句。 Ⅲ 书面写作 请以“My Favorite Teacher”为题，写一篇不少于六句且60字以上的小作文。 要求：1.运用英语的五个基本句型及There be句型。 2.包含简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句。 3.短文中含有状语从句，宾语从句和定语从句。 4.字迹工整，语言规范。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Mr. Lee is my favorite teacher. He is a tall man with black hair, black eyes and a big mouth. He is kind to me and he always helps me with my study patiently. My classmates also love him very much. He is never angry with his students even when they have done something wrong. He not only taught us English but also a lot of useful knowledge that is not in the textbooks. He often says that if you sail against the current, you will go backwards. He usually tries to convince the student who makes mistakes. 【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以“My Favorite Teacher”为题，按要求写一篇小作文。 【详解】1.词汇积累 善良的：nice→kind 耐心地：with patience→patiently 犯错：make mistakes→do something wrong 说服：pursuade→convince 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：My classmates also love him very much. 拓展句：The truth is that my classmates also love him very much. 【点睛】[高分句型1] He often says that if you sail against the current, you will go backwards. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) [高分句型2] He usually tries to convince the student who makes mistakes. (运用了who引导的定语从句) 8 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$