2025年中考英语专项复习 第六讲 形容词和副词专项

第五讲 形容词和副词专项复习 形容词 用法 ① 作定语：adj.+名词 ② 作表语：系动词+adj. ③ 作补足语：常考动词keep/make/think/find+sb./sth+adj. 特殊 ①形容词修饰不定代词放在不定代词之后 如：something interesting ②特殊疑问词+形容词 如：what else=what other things ③the+形容词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数 ④复合形容词：数词-名词单数-形容词 一个八岁的男孩 an eight-year-old boy 一个七天的假期 a seven-day holiday= a seven days’ holiday ⑤表语形容词：只能作表语，大多数以a-开头的形容词都属于这一类。常见的表语形容词有：afraid, alive, alone, asleep, awake, glad, ill (生病的), ready, sorry, sure, unable, well (健康的)等。 辨析 ☆-ing形容词修饰事物，表示性质或特征 -ed形容词用于描述人的感受 surprising-surprised touching- touched worrying-worried interesting-interested moving-moved amazing-amazed boring- bored confusing-confused tiring-tired relaxing-relaxed 常考 句型 某人/某事......做某事 sb./sth.+be+adj.+to do sth. 太...而不能做某事 too+adj.+to do sth. 足够......做某事 be+adj.+enough+ to do sth. 做某事是......的 It’s +adj. +(for sb.)/(of sb.)+to do sth. 某人发现做某事是…样的 sb find/found it（形式宾语）+adj.+to do sth. 副词 用法 ①修饰动词 特：look at sb +副词= look +副词+at sb.（位置比较灵活） They sing happily in the classroom. → 副词happily修饰动词 ②修饰形容词，表示程度 She is very beautiful and kind. → 副词very修饰形容词 ③放句首，修饰整个句子 Finally, we won the first.→副词finally修饰句子 ④也可用于修饰副词She runs so fast. →副词so修饰副词 副 词 类 型 疑问副词：引出特殊疑问句的词：how, when, where,why... 地点副词：here,there,home,away,anywhere,abroad地点副词前省略介词 时间副词：late,early,soon,already,now,the day after tomorrow... 频率副词：always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,hardly,never 程度副词：quite,very,so,too,much,really,deeply,rather,even,pretty... 连接副词：either,too,also,besides,however,then,instead ☆ 副词连用顺序：程度副词+方式副词+地点副词+时间副词 ☆ 频度副词放在实义动词的前面，情态动词和助动词的后面。 形容词和副词的比较等级 原级 由表示程度的副词quite,very,so,too,really,enough,too等词修饰 A和B一样...... A+be/实义动词+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B A不如B...... A+be/实义动词+not so/as+形容词/副词原级+as+B A是B的几倍...... A+be/实义动词+倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B 比较级 ①标志词than,even, far, much, a little, a bit, a lot ②越来越...... 比较级+and+比较级 ③越......越...... the+比较级+主语+谓语，the+比较级+主语+谓语 ④表示两者之间进行比较：Which/Who+be+比较级，A or B？ ⑤强调两者中更...... the(特指)+比较级+of the two 表示倍数：A+be/实义动词+倍数+比较级+than+B 最高级 前有the，形容词性物主代词，名词所有格 ①在.....之中（三者及以上）in/among/of后接范围 ②最.....之一 one of+ the+形容词最高级+名词复数 ③ the+序数词+形容词最高级 ④三者及以上范围进行比较:Which/who+be+the+最高级,A , B or C？ 用比较级表 最高级 其他任何 any other+单数名词 其余全部 the other+复数名词 He is the tallest student in our class. = He is taller than any other student in our class. = He is taller than the other students in our class. 形容词和副词比较级、最高级的变化规则 规则变化 原级-比较级-最高级 ①一般在词尾直接加er或est tall-taller-tallest ②以不发音的字母e结尾，在词尾直接加r或st nice-nicer-nicest ③以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est heavy-heavier-heaviest ④重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est big-bigger-biggest hot-hotter-hottest ⑤部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级 beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/ill/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther（距离） farthest further（程度） furthest old older（老旧） oldest elder（年纪） eldest 用所给形容词或副词的适当形式填空★做题技巧★ 形副好在一起考，形修名，副修动 变副词 修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子时 变比较级 空前有much、even等词时 空后有标志词than时 固定结构：比较级+and+比较级；the+比较级..., the+比较级... 两者之间进行比较、选择 变最高级 空前有the、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格等 最.....之一one of+ the+形容词最高级+名词复数 在.....之中（三者及以上）in/among/of后接范围 the+序数词+形容词最高级 形容词变副词的规律： ①一般情况下直接加“ly” quick-quickly polite-politely sad-sadly ②中考中以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly的，只有一个true-truly ③绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly。 polite-politely wide-widely wise-wisely ④以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，且读音为 / i /， 先将“y”改成“i”，再加“ly” happy-happily heavy-heavily angry-angrily busy-busily 但是如果读音为 / ai /， 直接加ly，如：dry-dryly shy---shyly ⑤以辅音字母加le结尾时，去e加y comfortable-comfortably terrible-terribly gentle-gently possible-possibly probable-probably 形副同形：早晚近，快努力高远宽early/late/near/fast/hard/high/far/wide high adj./adv. 高 highly 高度认可 think highly of wide adj.宽广的/ adv. 充分的 widely 被广泛使用 be used widely hard adj. 硬的；难的；努力的adv. 努力地 hardly 频度副词，几乎不 deep adj./addv. 深 deeply 被深深地感动了 be deeply moved close adj.亲密的 adv. 靠近 closely 与…密切合作work closely with 注意：不是所有以ly结尾的单词都是副词，这是学生容易产生误解的。往往规律是： 形容词+ly → 副词 名词+ly → 形容词 （常见的有：friendly, lovely） [注] 以ly结尾的形容词有：daily, weekly，monthly，lovely，lively，friendly等。 补充讲解： 1. enough用法 ①enough作形容词 修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数，一般在名词前面。 ②enough作副词时 可用来修饰形容词和副词，且必须放在它们之后。 2. alone/lonely辨析 lonely是表示心理活动的形容词, 意思是：“孤独的,寂寞的”,强调主观的感受。 alone的意思是：“独自的,单独的”,指无人陪伴，强调客观状态，只用于连系动词后作表语，而不能用于名词前作定语的形容词。 3. 副词短语（above all/first of all/after all/in all辨析） 易混词 意义及用法 例句 above all 意为“最重要的是；尤其是”，强调要引起特别注意。 We must work，and above all we must believe in ourselves. 我们必须工作，尤其重要的是我们必须树立信心 after all 意为“毕竟；终究；到底”，表示让步 He is certain to come. After all, he's already accepted the invitation.他肯定来，他毕竟已接受了邀请。 first of all 意为“首先”，强调次序。 First of all, let me introduce myself to you. 首先，让我作个自我介绍。 in all 意为“总共；总计”。 There are twelve months in all a year. a. [whole]与[all]：“全部的” the whole + 名词 ·He was busy the whole morning. 整个早晨他都很忙。 all (of) the + 名词 ·He knows all the words he learned. 他知道所有他学过的单词。 b. [tall]与[high]，[short]与[low]：“高的”和“矮的” 指人：[tall]与[short] ·He’s very tall/short. 他个子很高/矮。 指物：[high]与[low] ·Few people live on high mountain. 少量的人住在高山上。 c. [real]与[true]：“真的” 东西是真的：[real] ·It’s a real diamond. 这是一颗货真价实的钻石。 事情消息可靠：[true] ·Is that news true? 那个新闻可靠吗？ d. [good]与[well]：“好的” 定语或表语：[good] ·Doing sports is good for you. 进行运动对你有好处。 状语：[well]（身体好） ·Study well and make progress. 好好学习，天天向上。 e. [nice]与[fine]：“好的” 东西或人物外表：[nice] ·Let’s share the nice cake. 让我们分享那块美味的蛋糕吧。 身体或天气：[fine] ·What a fine day! 多么好的天气啊！ f. [too much]与[much too]：“太多”和“太” 太多：[too much] + [U] ·I have had too much rice. 我吃太多饭了。 太：[much too] + [adj./adv.] ·That coat is much too dear. 那件大衣太贵了。 g. [quick]，[fast]与[soon]：“快速的” 反应速度快：[quick] ·What a quick reaction! 多么快的反应！ 运动速度快：[fast] ·A train is much faster than a car. 火车比公交车快得多。 时间上即将发生：[soon] ·He will be back here very soon. 他很快就会回来。 h. [lonely]与[alone]：“孤独的”和“单独的” 心理上：[lonely]（定表语） ·He lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely. 他一人独住但不感到孤独。 [alone]：还可以做副词 无人陪伴：[alone]（表语） ·He is alone at home. 他独自一人在家。 i. [else]：“另外的” 修饰不定代词、疑问词、[little]和[much]时，放于后 ·Who else can solve it? 谁能解决它？ j. [special]与[especial]：“不同寻常的” 表示事件不同寻常、过分或特殊时，两个词[可以互换] ·She pays (e)special attention to clothes. 她非常注意着装。 表示特别的目的：[special] ·These special chairs are for children. 这些特别的椅子是专门给小孩子使用的。 k. [gone]，[lost]与[missing]：“消失” 一去不复返：[gone] ·My fever is gone. 我的发烧退去了。 难以找回：[lost] ·They finally found the lost boy. 他们最终找到了迷路的孩子。 某人物不在原处：[missing] ·My keys are missing. 我的钥匙都不见了。 l. [living]，[alive]，[live]和[lively]：“居住”，“活着的” “活着的，现存的”；“逼真的”；“活泼的，强烈的”：[living] ·Chinese is a living language. 汉语是一门现存的语言。 ·The robot is too living. 这个机器人太逼真了。 ·We both have a living hope. 我们都有着一个强烈的愿望。 人“活着的”：[alive] ·Is she still alive? 她还活着吗？ 东西“活的”：[live] ·This is a live fish. 这是条活鱼。 “有生气的，活泼的”；“（色彩）鲜艳的”；“生动的，真实的”：[lively] ·She is as lively as a kitten. 她像小猫一样可爱。 ·What lively color! 多么鲜艳的颜色啊！ ·He gave a lively speech. 他进行了一个生动的演讲。 m. [sick]与[ill]：“生病的” 作定语表语：[sick] ·Vets help treat sick pets. 兽医帮助诊治患病的宠物。 做表语：[ill] ·He has been ill/sick for a long time. 他病了很长时间。 【巩固练习】 1. The man didn’t get _______ last night so he isn’t _______ to finish the work today. A. enough sleep; enough energetic B. sleep enough; enough energetic C. enough sleep; energetic enough D. sleep enough; energetic enough 2. —Look! It is raining　　　　.  —That’s right. The rain is too 　　　　 to go shopping. A.heavily;heavy B.heavily;heavily C.heavy;heavy D.heavy;heavily 3.When you feel helpless and ________，just remember you are not ________ in the world because your friends are around you. A.alone；alone B.alone；lonely C.lonely；alone D. lonely;lonely 4.There is no need to push the kids too hard._________, you hate to see them stressed out. A．After all B．First of all C．In all D．Above all 5.–What shall we buy for Lucy as a present? —Let’s buy a new bike for her. Her bike breaks down from time to time ______. A．after all B．above all C．at all D．in all 6.They all looked _______ when the teacher looked ______ at them. A．sad, angry B．sadly, angry C．sadly, angrily D．sad, angrily 7. Of the two girls, she is _______ one. A. the taller B. taller C. tall D. the tall 8.— How was your exam the day before yesterday? — Oh, I couldn’t feel ________. I made few mistakes in it. A. worse B. worst C. better D. best 9. —I’m planning to climb Mount Huang this summer. Would you like to come along? —Wow! That would be exciting __________ challenging. I’m in! A. as well as B. as good as C. as long as D. as soon as 10. The number of giant pandas is getting ______ because their living areas are becoming farmlands. A. less and less         B. larger and larger C. smaller and smaller   D. fewer and fewer 11.  He told us ______ story that we all forgot about the time. A. such an interesting B. such interesting a  C. so an interesting  D. a so interesting 12.---How can I get a good grade in the monthly exam? ---The ____your write, _____mistakes you will make. A. more careful; the fewer B. more careful; the less C . more carefully; the fewer D. more carefully; the less 13. He felt very ___________(sleep) and fell __________ (sleep) soon when he lay in bed. 14. Many foreigners speak (高度地) of China’s high-speed railway technologies. 15. The weather is ________ （terrible）hot here in summer. 16. I hope my robot will be able to do the things (proper) according to my orders. 17. It is ______ for him to finish the job in two hours. He is so slow. (possible) 18. I think English is one of _____________ (important ) subjects in middle school. 19. The         ( hard ) you study , the         ( well ) you’ll be at your lessons.　 20. Johnson has __________(little) bread of us four. 21. The next morning Jenny got up much .(early) 22. You can call 887945 to get________(far) information about our trip to Qingdao. 23.The Huang He River is one of ________（long）rivers in China. 常见形容词短语 about类 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.对……谨慎be careful about... 2.对……着迷be crazy about... 3.对……感到兴奋 be excited about... 4.因……感到高兴 be glad/pleased/satisfied about... 5.因……而紧张 be nervous about... 6.为……而难过 be sad about 7.对……是认真的 be serious about... 8.对……感到抱歉 be sorry about... 9.对……有把握 be sure about... 10.对……感到担忧be worried about... as类 作为……而出/闻名be famous/known/well-known as +职业 at类 1.对……感到惊讶 be amazed at... 2.因某事/某物而生气 be angry at/about sth. 3.擅长/不擅长… be good/bad at... 4.生某人的气 be mad at sb. 5.对……感到吃惊 be surprised at.. for类 1. 因……而著名 be famous/known/well-known for... 2.对……有益/有害 be good/bad for... 3.迟到 be late for... 4.对……有必要 be necessary for 5.为……做好准备 be/get ready for... 6.对……负责 be responsible for... 7.对……感到遗憾/抱歉be sorry for... 8.渴望;渴求…be thirsty/hungry for... 9.为……准备好 be ready for 10.因……而感激 be thankful for from类 1.缺席…… be absent from... 2.与……不同 be different from... 3.距……远be far ( away) from... 4.与……分离 be separated from... in类 1.出生于……be born in 2.对……有信心 be confident in 3.对某人感到失望 be disappointed in/with sb. 4.对……感兴趣 be/become interested in 5.富含……;盛产……be rich in... 6.对(做)某事要求严格 be strict in ( doing)sth. 7.在……方面成功 be successful in... 8.在某方面有天赋 be talented in... 9.在……方面薄弱 be weak in... of类 1.害怕(做)…… be afraid of (doing)... 2.为(做)…感到羞愧 be ashamed of ( doing ) ... 3.小心/注意…… be careful of... 4.对……有把握 be certain/sure of... 5.喜欢(做)…… be fond of ( doing) ... 6.充满…… be full of... 7.缺乏…… be short of... 8.为……感到自豪be proud of... 9.厌倦(做)…… be tired of ( doing) ... on类 对某人苛刻be hard on sb. to类 1.靠近…… be close to... 2.为……所熟知 be famous/known/well-known to... 2. 对……友好 be friendly/kind/nice to... 4.对……有害 be harmful to... 5.对……有礼貌 be polite to... 6.与……有关 be related to 7.对……粗鲁 be rude to... 8.与……类似 be similar to... 9.感激……be thankful to... 10. 习惯于(做某事) be used to (doing sth) 被用来(做某事) be used to do sth 11.对……有用 be useful to with类 1.生……的气be angry with... 2.天生具有…… be born with... 3.忙于……be busy with... 4.小心(对待)...be careful with... 5.被……所覆盖 be covered with... 6.熟悉…… be familiar with 7.充满…… be filled with... 8.善于应付…… be good with... 9.对……有耐心be patient with... 10.对……感到满意be pleased with... 11.受……欢迎 be popular with... 12.对……满意 be satisfied with 13.对某人要求严格 be strict with sb. 副词常考短语 1.刚才just now 2.立刻;马上 right away/now 3.几乎从不 hardly ever 4.到目前为止 so far 5.日日夜夜 day and night 6.不时;有时 now and then 7.偶尔;有时 once in a while 8.偶尔;一两次 once or twice 9.迟早 sooner or later 10.前几日 the other day 11.从前 once upon a time 12.后天 the day after tomorrow 13.前天the day before yesterday 14.首要的是;尤其 above all 15.毕竟;终归 after all 16.也;此外 as well 17.太;非常 much too 18.不再 no longer/not...any longer 19.难怪;怪不得 no wonder 20.再次;再度 once again 21.在那里 over there 22.反复地 again and again 23. 等等and so on 24.和…一样 as well as 25.到处 here and there 26.一点儿也不 not...at all 27.一个接一个 one after another 28.上上下下 up and down 29.多次;反复地 over and over again $$