Unit 5 The Value of Money Discovering Useful Structures（课件）-【上好课】2024-2025学年高一英语同步精品课堂（人教版2019必修第三册）

仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而浸多也著于竹帛谓之仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而 Discovering Useful Structures 新人教必修三 Unit 5 The Value of Money Definition 情态动词 表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，表示可能、怀疑、允诺、愿望、义务、必要、猜测等的动词，用来给谓语动词增添情感，态度，语气等色彩。 注意：情态动词不能单独作谓语, 只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。 1. You needn’t try it if you don’t want to. 2. The man can speak two foreign languages. 3. The poor boy had to face the problem bravely. 情态动词表示说话人的情感和态度，_______独立作谓语，必须和_________一起构成谓语，没有人称和数的变化，具有助动词功能。 不能 情态动词 (Modal verb) 动词原形 情态动词的定义 Types 1.只作情态 动词的词 must can could may might 2.作情态动词也 可作实义动词 need dare 3.可作情态动词 也可作助动词 would will should shall 4.具有情态动词 的某些特征 ought to have/has/had to had better used to 1.只作情态动词的： 2. 可情态可实义的： 3. 可情态可助动词的: 4. 相当于情态动词的: can/could, may/might, ought to, must need, dare shall/should, will/would have to, had better, used to 情态动词的分类 常见情态动词 & 其缩略形式 情态动词 否定缩略形式 can could couldn't may mayn’t might mightn’t shall should shouldn’t ought to oughtn’t to 情态动词 否定缩略形式 had better must mustn’t have to will would wouldn’t dare daren’t need needn’t can't shan't had better not won't don’t/doesn’t have to A. ability or will（能力或意愿） B. prohibition（禁止） C. making suggestions（建议） D. certainty or inference（可能性或推断） E. politeness or euphemism（客气或委婉） F. obligations or expectations（义务或预期） We use modal verbs to talk about Modal verbs possibility necessity obligation request advice intention can(could更委婉) may(might更委婉) need have to(主观）/must（客观） must/ought to would may should/ought to had better would must can 可能性 必要性 义务 请求 建议 意图 1. can & could 情态动词的功能 用法 说明 表示能力 “会，能 ” can表示现在的能力，could表示过去具备的能力。 eg: He can ride a bike now, but he couldn’t a few weeks ago. 表示请求和允许 “可以，能够 ” could语气更委婉，肯定回答时要用can，不用could。 eg: - Can/Could I borrow your bike? - Yes, you can. 表示推测 “可能” 用于否定句和疑问句。 eg: That can’t be Mary — she has gone to school. 表能力： can/could与be able to的区别 1. The man can/could speak two foreign languages. 2. Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. can/could表示_________________，而be able to通常表示通过一番努力最终达成的_____________，相当于managed to do sth / succeeded in doing sth can/could 主要是一般现在、一般过去时, 而be able to有较为丰富的时态变化。 习惯性具备的能力 一次性的能力 2. may & might 用法 说明 表示请求和许可 “可以” 在疑问句中,might可以代替may,might语气更加委婉。 给予肯定回答时用may,不用might。 eg: — May/Might I watch TV after supper? — Yes, you may/can. / No, you can not/mustn’t. 表示推测 “可能” 通常用于肯定句和否定句中。may的可能性大于might eg: He may/might not be at home at this time. 表示祝愿 “希望，祝，愿” may+主语+动词原形 eg: May God bless you. May you succeed! 特殊常用句式 may/might as well do sth “不妨，还是...为好” eg: It’s cold outside. We may as well stay at home. 用法 说明 表示意志或意愿 will指现在，would指过去。与各种人称连用，用于陈述句中。 eg: I will call you as soon as possible.　 She will do it if you ask her. 表示请求 多用于第二人称疑问句中。would比will语气委婉。 eg: Will/Would you please give me a hand? 表示习惯性动作“总是；常常” eg: He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river. When I was a child, my mother would read me a story every night. 3. will & would 4. shall & should & ought to should/ought to 1.表示义务或责任:“应该” eg: You are older brother. You should/ ought to take care of your little sister. 2.表示建议或劝告: “可以，应该” eg: You should/ought to try your best to better your performance. 3.表示猜测推断, 有一定根据的推测，合乎理想的情况：“按道理应该” eg: It’s 9 o’clock. Jack should/ought to be in the office. 4.should的特殊用法：表示出乎意料、惊讶的口气：“竟然”“居然” eg: It's strange that he should come so late. 4. shall & should & ought to shall 1. 用于一、三人称的疑问句中, shall用来征求对方的意见。 “…好吗？要不要…？” eg: Shall I open the window for you? 2. 用于二、三人称的陈述句中, 表说话人命令、警告、允诺等口吻。 eg: You shall do as I say. He shall be punished. (威胁） 5. must & have to must 1. must表示主观意愿: “必须” mustn’ t表示“禁止”。 eg: I must recite the text this morning. You mustn't smoke here. 2. must 表示推测, 只用于肯定句：“一定是” 若用于否定句或疑问句，则用can’t： “一定不是”“不可能是” eg: That can't be the only way. There must be other ways of solving the problem. have to 表示外界客观需要:“必须，不得不” eg: I have to wait here because I have no umbrella with me. need 1. 作情态动词，表示“需要”, 无时态与人称的变化 need do sth 否定： need not do sth eg：I need your help. She need not any help. 2. 作实义动词，有时态与人称的变化 need+n need to do sth 否定： don’t/doesn’t/ didn’t need to do sth 特殊用法：need V-ing=need to be done Lily needs more money to pay for that book. Lily needed more money to pay for that book at that time. Lily doesn’t need any more money to pay for that book. dare 1. 作情态动词，通常只用于否定句、疑问句以及if或whether之后，一般不用于肯定句。无人称变化，有过去式dared dare not do sth 不敢做某事 eg: Dare you tell her the truth? I dare not ask her this question. 2. 作实义动词， 有人称与时态的变化 dare to do sth 敢于做某事 don’t / doesn’t / didn’t dare to do sth 不敢于做某事 eg: She dares to go alone. She doesn’t dare to go alone. had better： “最好”，缩写为 ’d better 表示提出建议、劝告或命令等，含有“应该做某事，有义务做某事”之意，一般适用于对晚辈、平辈。 had better do sth 否定： had better not do sth eg: It's half past two. I think we had better go home. You had better take notes in class carefully. had better 功能&意义 情态动词 表能力 “能；会” 表请求 “可以” 表义务/责任 “应该” 表委婉建议 表推测和 可能 功能&意义 情态动词 禁止 必须； 不得不 需要 敢于 打算；意愿 can , could should ，ought to ， had better will, would need The functions of modal verbs Summary can/could, may/might will/would(第二人称) shall（第一、三人称） should ，ought to must(主观)， have to(客观) dare mustn’t 不准 must 一定 may >might 可能 can’t 不可能 should/ought to 按道理应该 Modal verbs have many functions as follows: A. Necessity B. Possibility C. Obligation D. Request E. Advice F. Intention 需要 可能/推测 职责/义务 请求 建议 意图/愿望 Activity1 Analyze what the modal verbs express. 1. Henry must be an American. 2. Henry can be an American. 3. Henry could be an American. 4. Henry may be an American. 5. Henry might be an American. Possibility Modal verbs used to express possibility: must, can, could, may, might Degree of possibility High Low Activity2 1. You must come at once. 2. We have to wear uniforms at school. 3. I ought to be on my way. Necessity & Obligation Modal verbs used to express necessity & obligation: must, have to, ought to Activity2 1. Will you please take her to the library? 2. Could you offer me work here? 3. Can I ask a question? 4. May we ask what you're doing in this country? 5. Would you please pass me the salt? Request Modal verbs used to express request: will, could, can, may, would Activity2 1. Henry must accept the bank note. 2. Henry could accept the bank note. 3. Henry can accept the bank note. 4. Henry had better accept the bank note. 5. Henry should/ought to accept the bank note. Advice Modal verbs used to express advice: could, should, ought to, had better, can Stronger Weaker Activity2 1. Would you recommend the play to other people? 2. I would like to know the date. 3. I'd love to go to your birthday party. 4. I'd rather not pay you now. Intention Modal verbs used to express intention: would, would like to,would love to, would rather Activity2 1. You mustn't say things like that. 2. You can't open it until two o'clock. 3. You shouldn't take her help for granted. Negative advice Modal verbs used to express negative advice: mustn't, can't, shouldn't Activity2 Read the passage and fill in the blanks with suitable modal verbs in the box. may must can ought to might had better would should In the film The Million Pound Bank Note, Henry Adams is stuck in a foreign country without money and friends, and with nowhere to stay. While this situation _____ seem unusual, it can sometimes happen to travellers. In case it happens to you on a trip abroad, what ______ you do? First, and most importantly, you _____stay calm. Fear ____ cause you to become confused. You need to think clearly. Second, you should go to your nearest consulate. They ________ be able to help to some extent. Third, you ______ do well to check with some local charities. They ______offer help to travellers in need. Fourth, you _________avoid getting into trouble. You ______ think that stealing some money or food would help you, but you should not do so. Getting caught ______ ruin your life. may should must can ought to would might had better might would Definition 过去将来时 表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。判断这种时态的依据是：要有表示过去的“动作”，而不是时间。 定义：过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或呈现的状态。 基本结构： 1) would/should +V原形 2) was/were going to+V原形 3) was/were to + V原形 4) was/were about to + V原形 5) was/were +V-ing 过去将来时 would be/do 从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态 （常用于宾从） was/were going to be/do...(but...) ①过去的打算、计划 ②在过去看来有迹象表明将要发生的动作或存在的状态 （但因外界干扰而中断，后常有but出现） was/were about to do 在过去看来将要发生的动作，不与时间状语连用 was/were doing come,go,leave,start,arrive...等动词的过去进行时，表示就过去的某一时刻而言即将发生的动作 Structures the day after tomorrow two days later next week the next week tomorrow the next/following day tomorrow evening the next evening 一般将来时 过去将来时 will be/do would be/do am/is/are going to be/do was/were going to be/do...(but...) am/is/are about to do was/were about to do ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ 过去的过去 过去 过去的将来 现在 (现在的)将来 had done did would do do will do 一般将来时和过去将来时的比较 Both “would do” and “was/were going to do” can be talk about future events or intentions in the past. Complete the following sentences that describe the future using either form of the given verbs. 1. Philip bought two tickets for The Phantom of the Opera. He ______________________________ (watch) this musical with his girlfriend on the weekend. 2. I was so surprised at the news that David ________________ _________________ (play) the role of the dinosaur in the play that I gave him a hug out of joy. would watch / was going to watch would play / was going to play 3. Lily decided that she ______________________________ (settle) in New York and pursue her dream of becoming an actress. 4. Hey, Timmy. I _______________ (call) you. But now that you are here, I don't have to. 5. The competition was so close that no one was sure who ___________ (win) the Best Actor award. 6. Jim is not here right now. He said he ______________________ (be) on duty at the library this afternoon. would settle / was going to settle was going to call would win would be / was going to be 1. I asked him if Peter would arrive the next day. 2. She told me she was going to post the parcel. 3. We were about to go there when it begin to rain. 4. She didn't say when she was coming again next time. 5. I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time. 6. We were to have been married last year. 1. would/should+动词原形 2. was/were going to+动词原形 *与would+动词原形相比，was/were going to+动词原形有打算、计划的含义。 3. was/were about to + 动词原形 4. go, come, leave, start, meet等动词的过去进行时，表示就过去的某一时刻而言即将发生的动作。 5. was/were to do; 表示曾经计划做某事，并且从现在看已经实现。 当表示“原计划做某事但是最终未发生”，用was/were to have done. Summary 35 Complete the passages with suitable modal verbs or the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Add not if necessary. The saying “Don’t judge a book by its cover” means that we ____________ judge the value of something just based on its external appearance. This is a useful principle to remember when we meet new people. We _______ treat everyone we meet for the first time nicely, no matter how they look. Most of us ______________ like to be judged on our appearance, because it ______________ be unfair to us. So we ____________________ remind ourselves to give new people we meet a fair chance. Anybody _______ be someone who is worth getting to know. In fact, this person _______ end up becoming your good friend if you _______ take a chance and get to know him or her! shouldn’t may may / will not might / may can will could must / had better 仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而浸多也著于竹帛谓之仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而 Discovering Useful Structures 新人教必修三 Unit 5 Thank You ! $$